kanishka/babylm2-subset · Datasets at Hugging Face

text stringlengths 2 9.88k
Right, they're overmanned, alright, they have very high wages, alright, er, that is one of the major courses of er, causes of resource mis-allocation, it's this very large, very inefficient government sector.
And er, one way to, to get people to stay on the land is to introduce some sort of, what we might call market disciplines, if that wasn't such a dirty word, er, into the government, the government sector where there are clear inefficiencies.
Okay, right, erm it's nearly time to go, but before we do, can I just give you some bits and pieces, you, you may well have copies of last year's exam paper, but if you haven't, this is for development and integration of trade er, have a look at those sorts of essays you're being asked to do.
But also, look as those er, those short answers, now it's important that you answer the short answer questions well alright, because it's, it's a lot easier to get good marks on a short answer question, providing you do it well, than it is on a long answer question.
Alright, erm, but most people don't, don't ans don't answer short answer questions very well at all, and that's why they get low, low marks for them.
Always re bear in mind, that whenever you do a short answer question, right, you've only got fifteen minutes to do it in.
Right, there, there isn't a great deal that you can get in, in fifteen minutes.
But what, what you must have, right, is a definition of erm, the er, sort of thing that you're asked to write about.
I mean, factor price equalization, intra-industry measuring intra-industry trade, optimal intervention, reciprocal dumping, they're all jargon, bits of jargon effect effectively, so you must, you must have a definition.
Right now, although the determinals in industrial specialization within countries, alright, now although you can't really define that, you might be able to say something about industrial specialization.
You know it's fairly obvious what it is, but with most of these will, will require, require a definition.
Right, so you must put a definition, a definition in there.
An example of it in use, and you must have ex what I'm saying, it's very important to have empirical erm, examples in your essays, right, because they will also be required in the short answer questions as well.
Right, you know, what is an example of erm, reciprocal dumping?
Right now you may, erm,don't know anything in particular, but I know that the European Community and the United, United States are always trying to out, erm, beat each other in terms of subsidies on food products, so put, put that in.
Reciprocal dumping, erm, you know, one very good example would be agricultural trade between European Community and erm, and America.
Alright, if it's a, so you, you've got to have a definition, alright, you must have a, an example of it in, in action.
Any form of empirical evidence is useful, alright, erm sometimes you know, you're asked, you know, what is the effective protection, or define, or write brief a brief essay on effective protection, right you'll, you'll want to say something there about how it's measured.
Now what essentially, what you're doing, is that you're writing an essay in very, very condensed form, so it's just, I mean you still, still must have the same recipe in there when you write a short answer, right, but you just have to be very, very brief, so you know,para paragraph on definition, you know, paragraph of examples, right, erm, paragraph on some sort of explanation or erm, how it's, how it's measured erm, has it been a contentious issue erm, what are the problems with this er, with this concept erm, right, you've got to get those sort of things in there, like you would in an essay, if you were asked to write an essay on reciprocal dumping you'd, you'd have all those things in there, right, but you only need to write a sentence, a sentence about them.
You know, nobody's expecting three or four sides, right, you've got quarter of an hour, not erm, you know, if, if you can write a side a half you, you'll be doing much better than most people, alright, so you're just thinking about a side really, depending on how big your handwriting is.
But you must have, you know, don't ramble on about the same thing, right, cos, for, for, for any more than a couple of sentences, cos then, you know, you c start entering into sort of diminishing marginal returns very, very quickly on these short answer questions, what you want to, do is sort of say a sentence about as much as you can rather than go into in depth discussion about erm, any particular aspect.
Alright, so it's a bit of er, a sort of blunderbuss type of approach that you've got, that you've got to use.
Get a definition in, get an application in, get empirical evidence in, get measurement problems in erm, get sort of contentious issues type of, or criticisms in erm, don't draw, don't do diagrams as they're probably, the only, the only principal difference between this and an essay, you just haven't got the time, right, so don't be tempted, unless you can do a very quick diagram that sum, sums it up.
Alright, I don't recommend doing diagrams cos you spend five, five ten minutes drawing the diagram and explaining you know, what the curves are on it, erm, so you don't really need to draw, draw diagrams in these short answer questions.
Again that's only a general principle.
Occasionally you might be, but erm, if I can, if you look at er, the erm, the European Community's erm, short answers, right, they've actually given you an except there, a dia diagram, right.
Question, question one,question two, alright.
It's a pretty complicated diagram, I wouldn't expect you to draw that in fifteen minutes, and explain the, the
If they give you a diagram like that, can you just talk about the lines, you don't have to say what they are?
No, that's right, yes.
Basically, you could say like with gains or something, gains are A, B, C.
Yes
That's right,
I reckon that's, that's the way that
it will be assu it will be assumed that, yes
everything on there is known about that, just specific areas.
Alright, but you know, you've got so little time, you know, fifteen minutes is very, very short period of time, so whatever you say
Not wanting to induce panicking .
What I do recommend you do is er, you know, use these short answers in your, in your revision, and sort of, you know, revise on say interim district trade, and then just write a question in fifteen minutes, and you realize that you can't really write very much, and it's good discipline, because once you've made the mistake, you know, of writing, you know, two paragraphs on some aspect of it, you realize you haven't got any time to, to do anything else.
You won't, hopefully you won't make that mistake again, so, short, sweet, crisp answers to these erm, these short answer questions.
Don't bother doing diagrams, get a sentence in on everything you know, right although it's not
Well, that doesn't sound very sophisticated to say, these are the questions when you just write everything you know about a particular issue.
But they are, you do straight out what you can think up about it.
Yes, that's essentially, essentially it.
Apart from the essays
write anyway for thirty minutes
Not quite the same approach there, but I mean, it's not, not everything you know, but write something about everything you know about
Alright
the short answers.
A, a sentence on everything you can, think of that, that relates to it, but if you do,do practise them, it's only just to, to talk about it, it's difficult to know what you can write in fifteen minutes.
Right, I'm here vir virtually throughout the vacation, erm, I'll be here until the beginning of next term, so if you are having problems of any sort, or want me to run through something with you, just er, feel free to disturb me.
Sorry, sorry
It's alright, so come along and see me, if you have any problems, it's much better you talk it over with me before the problem gets out of hand.
Alright, so, come and see me as soon as the problems start to emerge, and I can probably tell you that you're, you're wasting time and energy worrying about it, so
we're going to sit and
so, er, come and see me before you know, if you are having any problems, just come along.
Okay, don't forget to have a few days break over Christmas, don't work all the time, have a jolly good time.
See you next year.
Yes, bye
You want me to start again?
Yeah.
Right erm, could you tell me about how you left school please?
I were let good.
Well it was nineteen thirteen, I know that because I was thirteen.
You see I were born in nineteen hundred so that means to say that when it's nineteen ninety eight I'll be ninety eight, I think they did that so I could er reckon me age up more easily.
But nineteen thirteen I went to this examination and it was called a Labour Examination, and if you were able to pass this examination you could leave school at thirteen.
Well it'd probably be the June or July before I went in for this exam, which they didn't hold very frequently and er then I had to to pass this exam and that I could leave school in the August, Bank Holiday.
So I left in the Bank Holiday and er I went to work at er , the first job, me father worked there.
and on Street.
And er me job there was turning sock what you'd call halfoes you know mens' socks, from one side to the other on a piece of wood, you know you'd pull the stocking onto this wood, put your finger on the back, turned it over and threw it down.
And er we used to get the work come to us all jumble up in waggons, and throw it onto a bench and then of course you'd got to pick the top before you could turn it.
We did that and we counted it in bunches of five dozens, tied them up with two other stock socks tied together, and when we'd done, I'll know this figure's right two thousand four hundred socks we got six pence.
That's two and half pence in today's money.
But but strange to relate er I can remember on you know a number of occasions earning a golden half sovereign, you know real gold it was then, the you know there was the gold coins.
Nineteen thirteen, fourteen, fifteen.
And so er it it was a a reasonably good wage but when I first started of course I wasn't on piece rate, you used to get a penny an hour, when we worked Saturday morning got about six and sixpence a week.
And er and that's how I went on.
Now in nineteen er nineteen fifteen, the the of course the War'd started and I can remember this so well because the day after me birthday er there was a raid, a Zeppelin raid on and I saw this Zeppelin and that day the thirty first of January nineteen fifteen when this raid was, I wen I went to work at six in the morning and I finished work at quarter to nine at night.
This wasn't regular, the real hour was half past six until six o'clock but when we were very busy you could stop you know as long as you like nobody'd ever bother.
All all the boss used to say, Well if anybody comes round th that you don't know just go and hide in a hamper.
You know in case there was any inspector or anybody but er I don't remember anybody ever coming.
We just worked as long as we liked and it and it was hard work of course it was, turning these socks like that, two, well it was hundred dozen pays, that's two thousand four hundred.
And you used to get sixpence for that.
So how much could you earn in a week?
Well that's well I cou I could earn a lo er a golden half sovereign.
That was it.
Did this go to your, did you live with your mother at the time, with your parents ?
Oh of course oh I I was only fourteen aye.
Of course and that w oh I and ti and so anyway I started er work in August nineteen thirteen and er when December came around er there was a strike.
And at that time the hosiery finishing union had perhaps got eight hundred er nine hundred members spread over perhaps eight factories.
And er there was a er er one of the prominent factories was at .
Now it er they said that this chap had g had gone to work after an illness and the boss said, Well er you've been away six weeks, he said, There's no job here for you now.
He'd worked there years and years.
And he got the sack so the firm came on strike.
And er then they started blacklegs and when they started the rest of the firms all came as well then and I remember er going down on the picket lines and er they'd be all the members there.
You know I don't know who wouldn't go.
Er with the addition of a lot of of members of the public who sympathized and knew what was happening.
Well they got these blacklegs and I could tell you a story about that as well.
Now a man as I used to visit, older than me now, er the blacklegs used to be escorted with police to their homes like from this factory.
They'd sometimes er take them in vans depending where they lived and how many of them, but where there was a single one two police used to escort him, and they escorted him what, where we what they call the viaduct.

Right, they're overmanned, alright, they have very high wages, alright, er, that is one of the major courses of er, causes of resource mis-allocation, it's this very large, very inefficient government sector.

And er, one way to, to get people to stay on the land is to introduce some sort of, what we might call market disciplines, if that wasn't such a dirty word, er, into the government, the government sector where there are clear inefficiencies.

Okay, right, erm it's nearly time to go, but before we do, can I just give you some bits and pieces, you, you may well have copies of last year's exam paper, but if you haven't, this is for development and integration of trade er, have a look at those sorts of essays you're being asked to do.

But also, look as those er, those short answers, now it's important that you answer the short answer questions well alright, because it's, it's a lot easier to get good marks on a short answer question, providing you do it well, than it is on a long answer question.

Alright, erm, but most people don't, don't ans don't answer short answer questions very well at all, and that's why they get low, low marks for them.

Always re bear in mind, that whenever you do a short answer question, right, you've only got fifteen minutes to do it in.

Right, there, there isn't a great deal that you can get in, in fifteen minutes.

But what, what you must have, right, is a definition of erm, the er, sort of thing that you're asked to write about.

I mean, factor price equalization, intra-industry measuring intra-industry trade, optimal intervention, reciprocal dumping, they're all jargon, bits of jargon effect effectively, so you must, you must have a definition.

Right now, although the determinals in industrial specialization within countries, alright, now although you can't really define that, you might be able to say something about industrial specialization.

You know it's fairly obvious what it is, but with most of these will, will require, require a definition.

Right, so you must put a definition, a definition in there.

An example of it in use, and you must have ex what I'm saying, it's very important to have empirical erm, examples in your essays, right, because they will also be required in the short answer questions as well.

Right, you know, what is an example of erm, reciprocal dumping?

Right now you may, erm,don't know anything in particular, but I know that the European Community and the United, United States are always trying to out, erm, beat each other in terms of subsidies on food products, so put, put that in.

Reciprocal dumping, erm, you know, one very good example would be agricultural trade between European Community and erm, and America.

Alright, if it's a, so you, you've got to have a definition, alright, you must have a, an example of it in, in action.

Any form of empirical evidence is useful, alright, erm sometimes you know, you're asked, you know, what is the effective protection, or define, or write brief a brief essay on effective protection, right you'll, you'll want to say something there about how it's measured.

Now what essentially, what you're doing, is that you're writing an essay in very, very condensed form, so it's just, I mean you still, still must have the same recipe in there when you write a short answer, right, but you just have to be very, very brief, so you know,para paragraph on definition, you know, paragraph of examples, right, erm, paragraph on some sort of explanation or erm, how it's, how it's measured erm, has it been a contentious issue erm, what are the problems with this er, with this concept erm, right, you've got to get those sort of things in there, like you would in an essay, if you were asked to write an essay on reciprocal dumping you'd, you'd have all those things in there, right, but you only need to write a sentence, a sentence about them.

You know, nobody's expecting three or four sides, right, you've got quarter of an hour, not erm, you know, if, if you can write a side a half you, you'll be doing much better than most people, alright, so you're just thinking about a side really, depending on how big your handwriting is.

But you must have, you know, don't ramble on about the same thing, right, cos, for, for, for any more than a couple of sentences, cos then, you know, you c start entering into sort of diminishing marginal returns very, very quickly on these short answer questions, what you want to, do is sort of say a sentence about as much as you can rather than go into in depth discussion about erm, any particular aspect.

Alright, so it's a bit of er, a sort of blunderbuss type of approach that you've got, that you've got to use.

Get a definition in, get an application in, get empirical evidence in, get measurement problems in erm, get sort of contentious issues type of, or criticisms in erm, don't draw, don't do diagrams as they're probably, the only, the only principal difference between this and an essay, you just haven't got the time, right, so don't be tempted, unless you can do a very quick diagram that sum, sums it up.

Alright, I don't recommend doing diagrams cos you spend five, five ten minutes drawing the diagram and explaining you know, what the curves are on it, erm, so you don't really need to draw, draw diagrams in these short answer questions.

Again that's only a general principle.

Occasionally you might be, but erm, if I can, if you look at er, the erm, the European Community's erm, short answers, right, they've actually given you an except there, a dia diagram, right.

Question, question one,question two, alright.

It's a pretty complicated diagram, I wouldn't expect you to draw that in fifteen minutes, and explain the, the

If they give you a diagram like that, can you just talk about the lines, you don't have to say what they are?

No, that's right, yes.

Basically, you could say like with gains or something, gains are A, B, C.

Yes

That's right,

I reckon that's, that's the way that

it will be assu it will be assumed that, yes

everything on there is known about that, just specific areas.

Alright, but you know, you've got so little time, you know, fifteen minutes is very, very short period of time, so whatever you say

Not wanting to induce panicking .

What I do recommend you do is er, you know, use these short answers in your, in your revision, and sort of, you know, revise on say interim district trade, and then just write a question in fifteen minutes, and you realize that you can't really write very much, and it's good discipline, because once you've made the mistake, you know, of writing, you know, two paragraphs on some aspect of it, you realize you haven't got any time to, to do anything else.

You won't, hopefully you won't make that mistake again, so, short, sweet, crisp answers to these erm, these short answer questions.

Don't bother doing diagrams, get a sentence in on everything you know, right although it's not

Well, that doesn't sound very sophisticated to say, these are the questions when you just write everything you know about a particular issue.

But they are, you do straight out what you can think up about it.

Yes, that's essentially, essentially it.

Apart from the essays

write anyway for thirty minutes

Not quite the same approach there, but I mean, it's not, not everything you know, but write something about everything you know about

Alright

the short answers.

A, a sentence on everything you can, think of that, that relates to it, but if you do,do practise them, it's only just to, to talk about it, it's difficult to know what you can write in fifteen minutes.

Right, I'm here vir virtually throughout the vacation, erm, I'll be here until the beginning of next term, so if you are having problems of any sort, or want me to run through something with you, just er, feel free to disturb me.

Sorry, sorry

It's alright, so come along and see me, if you have any problems, it's much better you talk it over with me before the problem gets out of hand.

Alright, so, come and see me as soon as the problems start to emerge, and I can probably tell you that you're, you're wasting time and energy worrying about it, so

we're going to sit and

so, er, come and see me before you know, if you are having any problems, just come along.

Okay, don't forget to have a few days break over Christmas, don't work all the time, have a jolly good time.

See you next year.

Yes, bye

You want me to start again?

Yeah.

Right erm, could you tell me about how you left school please?

I were let good.

Well it was nineteen thirteen, I know that because I was thirteen.

You see I were born in nineteen hundred so that means to say that when it's nineteen ninety eight I'll be ninety eight, I think they did that so I could er reckon me age up more easily.

But nineteen thirteen I went to this examination and it was called a Labour Examination, and if you were able to pass this examination you could leave school at thirteen.

Well it'd probably be the June or July before I went in for this exam, which they didn't hold very frequently and er then I had to to pass this exam and that I could leave school in the August, Bank Holiday.

So I left in the Bank Holiday and er I went to work at er , the first job, me father worked there.

and on Street.

And er me job there was turning sock what you'd call halfoes you know mens' socks, from one side to the other on a piece of wood, you know you'd pull the stocking onto this wood, put your finger on the back, turned it over and threw it down.

And er we used to get the work come to us all jumble up in waggons, and throw it onto a bench and then of course you'd got to pick the top before you could turn it.

We did that and we counted it in bunches of five dozens, tied them up with two other stock socks tied together, and when we'd done, I'll know this figure's right two thousand four hundred socks we got six pence.

That's two and half pence in today's money.

But but strange to relate er I can remember on you know a number of occasions earning a golden half sovereign, you know real gold it was then, the you know there was the gold coins.

Nineteen thirteen, fourteen, fifteen.

And so er it it was a a reasonably good wage but when I first started of course I wasn't on piece rate, you used to get a penny an hour, when we worked Saturday morning got about six and sixpence a week.

And er and that's how I went on.

Now in nineteen er nineteen fifteen, the the of course the War'd started and I can remember this so well because the day after me birthday er there was a raid, a Zeppelin raid on and I saw this Zeppelin and that day the thirty first of January nineteen fifteen when this raid was, I wen I went to work at six in the morning and I finished work at quarter to nine at night.

This wasn't regular, the real hour was half past six until six o'clock but when we were very busy you could stop you know as long as you like nobody'd ever bother.

All all the boss used to say, Well if anybody comes round th that you don't know just go and hide in a hamper.

You know in case there was any inspector or anybody but er I don't remember anybody ever coming.

We just worked as long as we liked and it and it was hard work of course it was, turning these socks like that, two, well it was hundred dozen pays, that's two thousand four hundred.

And you used to get sixpence for that.

So how much could you earn in a week?

Well that's well I cou I could earn a lo er a golden half sovereign.

That was it.

Did this go to your, did you live with your mother at the time, with your parents ?

Oh of course oh I I was only fourteen aye.

Of course and that w oh I and ti and so anyway I started er work in August nineteen thirteen and er when December came around er there was a strike.

And at that time the hosiery finishing union had perhaps got eight hundred er nine hundred members spread over perhaps eight factories.

And er there was a er er one of the prominent factories was at .

Now it er they said that this chap had g had gone to work after an illness and the boss said, Well er you've been away six weeks, he said, There's no job here for you now.

He'd worked there years and years.

And he got the sack so the firm came on strike.

And er then they started blacklegs and when they started the rest of the firms all came as well then and I remember er going down on the picket lines and er they'd be all the members there.

You know I don't know who wouldn't go.

Er with the addition of a lot of of members of the public who sympathized and knew what was happening.

Well they got these blacklegs and I could tell you a story about that as well.

Now a man as I used to visit, older than me now, er the blacklegs used to be escorted with police to their homes like from this factory.

They'd sometimes er take them in vans depending where they lived and how many of them, but where there was a single one two police used to escort him, and they escorted him what, where we what they call the viaduct.