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<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Ajwain and Pest or Disease name is Aphid and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Applications of resin soap or Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) 5%, Neem oil (2%) at early stage of population build up Chemical Control measures = Spray Imidacloprid 17.8 w/w SL at 0.3 ml/l of water Spray Dimethoate 30 % EC at 0.8-1.2 ml/litre water Spray of Acephate 75 % SP at 1-1.25 g/litre water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Ajwain and Pest or Disease name is Jassids and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Avoid excessive use of fertilizer especially N fertilizers Spray of 5 % neem seed kernel extract or crude neem oil spray @ 1% Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Spray of Acephate 75 % SP at 1-1.25 g/litre water Use seed treatment (imidacloprid 70 ws @10gm/kg seed) at the time of sowing Spray of Imidacloprid 200 SL @ 0.5 ml/l water Spray of Thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 1-1.5 gm/l Spraying of Fipronil 04 % + Thiamethoxam 04 % w/w SC at 0.4 ml/l. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Ajwain and Pest or Disease name is Powdery mildew and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Remove the infected plant parts and destroy them dont do composting as inoculum may spread through the wind and water Use of powdery mildew resistant varities such as Pratap Ajwain-1 (moderately resistant) Use of neem oil of 2% concentration Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Spraying with Carbendazim 50%WP 1g/litre water Dusting with Sulphur (25 kg/ha) or by spraying wettable Sulphur at 3g/litre of water twice at flowering stage at 15 days interval. Spraying of Azoxystrobin 18.2% + Difenoconazole 11.4% w/w SC at 1ml/litre water Application of Azoxystrobin 8.3% + Mancozeb 66.7% WG at 3g/litre water Spraying of Azoxystrobin 11% + Tebuconazole 18.3% w/w SC at 0.8ml/litre water Spray of Carbendazim 12%+ Mancozeb 63% WP at 1.5g/litre water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Ajwain and Pest or Disease name is Root rot and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Avoid high N applications in spring, maintain moderate to high levels of P and K according soil test Deep summer ploughing of field Adoption of crop rotation practice. Soil application of neem cake @ 150 kg/ha Biological Control measures = Seed pelleting with antagonistic fungi like Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma harzianum (Talc based formulation @ 6 g/kg of seed) Use of bio-inoculants Azospirillum at 20g/l of water for foliar spray or 1kg/50 litre water for nursery management Chemical Control measures = Seed treatment with Captan 50% WP at 3 g/kg of seed. Drenching of Carbendazim 50%WP(0.1%) once at initial appearance of disease and after one month. Seed treatment with Azoxystrobin 2.5% + Thiophanate Methyl 11.25% + Thiamethoxam 25% FS at 10ml/1kg of seeds Seed treatement with Prochloraz 5.7% + Tebuconazole 1.4% w/w ES 3ml/10kg of seeds. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Ajwain and Pest or Disease name is Seed bug and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Clean cultivation: Weeding and removing plants from the bunds can reduce the pest population Deep summer ploughing can reduce carry over population from last season Biological Control measures = Predators from genus Geocoris can be exploited Chemical Control measures = Spray of Acephate 75 % SP at 1-1.25 g/litre water Spray of Imidacloprid 200 SL @ 0.5 ml/litre water Spray of Fipronil 04 % + Acetamiprid 04 % w/w SC at 0.5 ml/litre water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Almond and Pest or Disease name is Almond decline and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Use only a single application of any soil-applied neonicotinoid per season Biological Control measures = Use natural enemies that prey on aphids such as beetles, lacewing Chemical Control measures = Spray Acephate 50 percent + Imidacloprid 1.8 percent Soluble powder 0.75 to1 gram per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Almond and Pest or Disease name is Almond kernel shrivel and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Deep summer ploughing Biological Control measures = Soil application of Azospirillum 20 gram per plant Chemical Control measures = Spray of Acetamiprid 01.10 percent + Cypermethrin 05.50 percent Emulsifiable Concentrate at the rate of 1 millilitre per litre of water.. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Almond and Pest or Disease name is Almond leaf scorch and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Disease free site Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Spray Streptocycline sulphate 9 percent + Tetracycline Hydrochloride 1 percent Soluble Powder at the rate of 20 gram per acre. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Almond and Pest or Disease name is Alternaria leaf spot and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Planting of orchand trees in north-south direction reduces disease incidence Good aeration with proper sunlight penetration reduces pathogen growth Avoid overhead irrigation if possible Chemical Control measures = Spray of Difenoconazole 25 percent Emulsifiable concentrate at the rate of 1 millilitre per Iitre of water Spray of Azoxystrobin 23 percent Suspension concentrate at 1 millilitre per litre of water Spray of Hexaconazole 4 percent + Zineb 68 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 2.5 gram per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Almond and Pest or Disease name is Anthracnose and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Dead infected branches should be pruned. Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Fungicide application at the rate of 5 to10 percent bloom and full bloom to protect flowers; one application at full bloom usually sufficient if there is no rainfall. Spray of Propiconazole 25 percent Emulsifiable Concentrate at the rate of 0.5 to 0.6 millilitre per litre of water at pink bud stage and bloom stage Spray of Ziram 80 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 1.5 gram per litre water at bloom sand after stage Spray of Thiophanate Methyl 70 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 1.5 gram per litre water at bloom and after stages Spary of Mancozeb 75 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 1.5 to 2 gram per litre water Spray of Captan 50 percent Water dispersible granules at 3 gram per litre water Spraying of Azoxystrobin 8.3 percent + Mancozeb 66.7 percent Water dispersible granules at 1.5 gram per litre water Spraying of Fluopyram 17.7 percent + Tebuconazole 17.7 percent Soluble Concentrate at the rate of 1 millilitre per litre water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Almond and Pest or Disease name is Borer and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Applications of resin soap or Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) 5 percent , Neem oil (2 percent ) at early stage of population build up Biological Control measures = Spraying of Bacillus thuringiensis variety krustaki at rate of 1millilitre per litre water Chemical Control measures = Spray Cypermethrin 10 percent Emulsifiable Concentrate at the rate of 0.5 to 1millilitre per litre water Spraying of Spinetoram 11.70 percent Suspension concentrate at the rate of 0.8 to 1 millilitre per litre water Spraying of Spinosad 45 percent Suspension concentrate at 0.3 to 0.5 millilitre per litre water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Almond and Pest or Disease name is Brown rot blossom blight and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Removal of fallen and infected fruit and shoots from trees will help reduce disease load Pruning branches will increase air flow, allowing quicker drying times overhead watering when trees are fruiting should be avoided Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Spray of Propiconazole 25 percent Emulsifiable Concentrate at the rate of 1 gram per litre water at pink bud stage Spraying of Tebuconazole 25 percent Water dispersible granules at the rate of 0.5 gram per litre water Spraying Thiophanate Methyl 70 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 0.7 gram per litre water Application of Captan 50 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 2.5 gram per litre water Spraying Azoxystrobin 23 percent Soluble Concentrate at the rate of 0.5 to 1millilitre per litre water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Almond and Pest or Disease name is Crown gall and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Only plants disease-free nursery stock Avoid wounding the plants as much as possible; Biological Control measures = Fresh wounds can be treated with a biocontrol agent ( Agrobacterium tumefaciens K84) if available,to prevent the bactrium colonizing Chemical Control measures = Spraying of creosote-based compounds, copper-based solutions can manage the pest Wounded parts can be pasted with Bordeaux mixture. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Almond and Pest or Disease name is Hull rot and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Management of irrigation should be practiced. Reduce irrigation at hull split. Avoid excess nitrogen fertilizer and applications 45 to 60 days before hull split Chemical Control measures = Spray of Difenoconazole 25 percent Emulsifiable Concentrate at the rate of 0.15 millilitre per litre of water. Spray of Azoxystrobin 23 percent Suspension concentrate at the rate of 1 millilitre per litre of water Use these two class of fungicides: DMI (sterol inhibitor) and Strobilurin group. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Almond and Pest or Disease name is Leaf footed bug and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Biological Control measures = Egg parasities, Gryon species, used for the better management Chemical Control measures = Spraying of Lambda-cyhalothrin 5 percent Emulsifiable Concentrate at the rate of 0.5 to 1 millilitre per litre water Spraying of Clothianidin 50 percent Water dispersible granules at the rate of 0.2 gram per litre water Spraying of Bifenthrin 10 percent Emulsifiable Concentrate at the rate of 1 millilitre per litre water spraying of Abamectin 01.90 percent Emulsifiable Concentrate at the rate of 0.75 millilitre per litre water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Almond and Pest or Disease name is Leaf roller and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = The best strategy to manage leafrollers is to control larvae of the overwintering generation in spring Biological Control measures = The parasitic wasp , Macrocentrus iridescens, attacks obliquebanded leaf roller larvae in the central valley, often multiple cocoons on one host caterpillar. Spraying of Bacillus thuringiensis variety krustaki at rate of 1 millilitre per litre water Chemical Control measures = Spraying of Emamectin benzoate 5 percent Soluble Granules at the rate of 0.3 to 0.4 gram per litre water Spraying of Methoxyfenozide 21.8 percent weight per weight Suspension concentrate at the rate of 1 millilitre per litre water Spraying of Spinetoram 11.70 percent Suspension concentrate at the rate of 0.8 to 1 millilitre per litre water Spraying of Spinosad 45 percent Suspension concentrate at the rate of 0.3 to 0.5 millilitre per litre water Spraying of Chlorantraniliprole 18.50 percent Suspension concentrate at the rate of 0.3 millilitre per litre water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Almond and Pest or Disease name is Pavement ant and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Monitor orchards for ants in april and may Remove nuts from the orchard floor as rapidly as possible following shaking to prevent ants from infesting them Use good weed management practices, which minimize weed seeds that may be a more attractive food source for ants Chemical Control measures = Spinosad-based bait products PayBack Fire Ant Bait (Southern Ag) Come and Get it (Fertilome) Conserve (Green Light) Abamectin-based bait products Clinch ant bait insecticide D-limonene (orange oil) based products are available for individual mound treatment Altrevin fire ant bait insecticide. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Almond and Pest or Disease name is Scale and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Biological Control measures = Beetles such as Chilocorus orbus, Cybocephalus californicus. Some wasp species of Aphytis and Encarsia can manage the scales in the orchard Chemical Control measures = Spray of Dimethoate 30 percent Emulsifiable Concentrate at the rate of 2 to 2.5 millilitre per litre water Spraying of Ethion 50 percent Emulsifiable Concentrate at the rate of 1 millilitre per litre water Application Thiamethoxam 25 percent Wettable granules at the rate of 0.3 gram per litre of water Spray of Oxydemeton-methyl 25 percent Emulsifiable Concentrate at the rate of 2.8 millilitre per litre water Spray of Acephate 50 percent + Imidacloprid 1.8 percent Soluble Powder 0.75 to 1 gram per litre water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Almond and Pest or Disease name is Shot hole and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Overhead watering should be avoided Remove and dispose of any infected buds,leaves, fruit and twigs Application of zinc sulfate at 12 kilograms per acre Chemical Control measures = In fall, fixed copper or bordeaux mixture can be applied. Spray of Azoxystrobin 23 percent Soluble Concentrate at the rate of 0.5 to 1 millilitre per litre water Spary of Mancozeb 75 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 1.5 to 2 gram per litre water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Almond and Pest or Disease name is Stink bug and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Brassica hirta and Bassica juncea can be used as trap crop for attracting the bug Chemical Control measures = Spraying of Lambda-cyhalothrin 5 percent Emulsifiable Concentrate at the rate of 0.5 to 1 millilitre per litre water Spraying of Clothianidin 50 percent Water dispersible granules at the rate of 0.2 gram per litre water Spraying of Bifenthrin 10 percent Emulsifiable Concentrate at the rate of 1 millilitre per litre water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Almond and Pest or Disease name is Tent caterpillars and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = On small trees, infested twigs may be cut out and destroyed. Hand picking of larvae and destroy them. Biological Control measures = Spraying of Bacillus thuringiensis variety krustaki at rate of 1gram per litre water Chemical Control measures = Spraying of Diflubenzuron 25 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 0.5 gram per litre of water Spraying of Emamectin benzoate 05 percent Soluble Granules at the rate of 0.3 to 0.4 gram per litre water Spraying of Flubendiamide 20 percent Water dispersible granules at the rate of 0.5 gram per litre water Spraying of Indoxacarb 14.50 percent Soluble Concentrate at the rate of 1 millilitre per litre water . </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Almond and Pest or Disease name is Verticillium wilt and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Biological Control measures = Seed treatment and soil application of Trichoderma viride or Pseudomonas flurescens at 10gram per kilogram seed Chemical Control measures = Spray Mancozeb 63 percent + Carbendazim 12 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 1 gram per litre water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Apple and Pest or Disease name is Alternaria blotch and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Controlling red mite populations is essential to achieving control of Alternaria blotch. Foliar and ground applications of urea well after harvest can assist in the rapid breakdown of leaves helping to reduce levels of overwintering spores Providing adequate nutrition, water and maintaining overall tree health may help reduce the severity of infections Removal of winter prunings and fallen leaves also help minimise spread. Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Spraying Dicofol 18.50 percent Emulsifiable Concentrate at the rate of 2.5 millilitre per litre of water Spraying of Hexaconazole 5 percent Suspension concentrate at the rate of 2 millilitre per litre of water Spray of Captan 50 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 2.5 gram per litre of water Spraying Azoxystrobin 23 percent Suspension concentrate at the rate of 0.5 to 1 millilitre per litre water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Apple and Pest or Disease name is Apple mosaic and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Applications of resin soap or Neem Seed Kernel Extract 5 percent or Neem oil (2 percent ) at early stage of population build up Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Spray Profenofos 40 percent + Cypermethrin 4 percent Emulsifiable Concentrate at 1.5 to 2 millilitre per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Apple and Pest or Disease name is Bitter pit and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Application of Calcium nitrate fertiliser 1.5 to 2.5 grams per litre of water Abscisic-acid applications have been effective in increasing fruit calcium and reducing deficiency disorders. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Apple and Pest or Disease name is Bitter rot and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Removing broad-leaf weeds in the orchard may remove source of inoculum. Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Spray of Captan 50 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 2.5 gram per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Apple and Pest or Disease name is Black rot canker and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Prune out dead or diseased branches. Remove mummified fruit, dead trees, dead or dying infected limbs Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = After petal fall, Captan 75 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 2.5 gram per litre of water Spraying of Copper Oxychloride 50 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 2 to 2.5 gram per litre of water Application of Lime Sulphur 22 percent Suspension concentrate at the rate of 1 percent concentration Application of Lime Sulphur 22 percent Suspension concentrate at the rate of 1 percent concentration. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Apple and Pest or Disease name is Brown rot and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Choose resistant varieties when possible Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Foliar application of Carbendazim 50 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 1 millilitre per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Apple and Pest or Disease name is Cedar apple rust and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Rake up and dispose of fallen leaves and other debris under trees Gall removal has also been proposed as a method of disease management. By thinning blooms on apple branches, airflow improves, and allows blooms and eventually fruits, to dry out more quickly Chemical Control measures = Spraying of Azoxystrobin 23 percent Suspension concentrate at the rate of 1 millilitre per litre of water Spraying of Cymoxanil 8 percent + Mancozeb 64 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 2 gram per litre of water Spraying of Hexaconazole 5 percent Suspension concentrate at the rate of 2 millilitre per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Apple and Pest or Disease name is Codling moth and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Thinning fruit clusters to reduce the larval penetration by close contact Removing and destroying infected fruit prior to larvae emergence preceding pupation can help reduce overall populations Banding - corrugated cardboard bands should be applied to tree trunks Mass trap males with codling moth lure traps at the rate of 25 trap per acre Biological Control measures = Codling moth granulosis virus are more effective at the rate of 250 Larval equivalent per hactare Release egg parasitoids, Trichogramsma embryophagum at 2000 per tree Chemical Control measures = Note: Spraying after petal fall Spray Chlorantraniliprole 18.50 percent Suspension concentrate at the rate of 0.3 millilitre per litre of water Spray Bifenthrin 3 percent + Chlorpyriphos 30 percent Emulsifiable Concentrate at the rate of 1.5 to 2 millilitre per litre of water Spray Novaluron 10 percent Emulsifiable Concentrate at the rate of 2 millilitre per litre of water Note: Spring and summer Spraying of Emamectin benzoate 0.5 percent Soluble granules at the rate of 0.3 to 0.5 grams per litre water Spray of Novaluron 05.25 percent + Indoxacarb 04.50 percent Suspension concentrate at the rate of 1.5 millilitre per litre water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Apple and Pest or Disease name is Core rot and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Harvest fruit at the correct stage of maturity. Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Foliar application of Azoxytrobin 11 percent + Tebuconazole18.3 percent Suspension concentrate at the rate of 1 millilitre per litre of water at the rate of bloom Spray of Difenoconazole 25 percent Emulsifiable Concentrate at the rate of 0.15 millilitre per litre of water. Note: Fungicides applied for scab and powdery mildwe checks the disease . </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Apple and Pest or Disease name is Cottony cushion scale and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Select healthy and pest free rootstock Collect and destroy the infested plant parts Biological Control measures = Field release of some coccinelid predators and Chilocorus nigritus Vedalia beetle and its red eggs and larvae on top of cottony cushion scale scale egg sacs or the beetle’s pupal cases Chemical Control measures = Spraying Dicofol 18.50 percent Emulsifiable Concentrate at the rate of 2.5 millilitre per litre of water Spray of Oxydemeton-methyl 25 percent Emulsifiable Concentrate at the rate of 2.1 millilitre per litre water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Apple and Pest or Disease name is Crown rot and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Selection of resistant root stock Avoid planting orchards in heavy, poorly drained soils The tree has not been girdled completely, remove the soil from the base of the tree; scrape the surface of the discolored area and leave it exposed to dry. Drying often stops crown rot from progressing further Biological Control measures = Soil Treatment of Trichoderma harzianum 0.50 percent Water dispersible powder for slurry seed treatment: Apply 100 gm product per plant along with Neem cake (0.5 kilograms per plant) and 5 kilograms Farm yard manure per plant Chemical Control measures = Spraying of Carbendazim 12 percent + Mancozeb 63 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 2 gram per litre of water Spraying of Copper Oxychloride 50 percent Wettable Powder at the rate of 2 to 2.5 gram per litre of water Spraying of Mancozeb 75 percent Water dispersible granules at the rate of 2 gram per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Apple and Pest or Disease name is Fire blight and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Selecting and planting of resistant varieties such as, Akane, Empire and Florina Prune out fire blight cankers and blighted twigs Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Streptomycin Sulphate 90 percent + Tetracylin Hydrocloride 10 percent : Spray Streptocycline 25 to 50 parts per million solution at 20 to 30 percent bloom. It is advisable to spray trees every 3 to 4 days during blossom time. Spraying of Copper Oxychloride 50 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 2 to 2.5 gram per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Apple and Pest or Disease name is Leaf hopper and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Avoid excessive use of fertilizer especially N fertilizers Spray of 5 percent neem seed kernel extract or crude neem oil spray at 1 percent Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Spraying of Indoxacarb 14.5 percent + Acetamiprid 7.7 percent Suspension concentrate at the rate of 1 millilitre per litre of water Spray Betacyfluthrin 8.49 percent + Imidacloprid 19.81 percent Oil dispersant at the rate of 0.4 gram per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Apple and Pest or Disease name is Marssonina blotch and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Proper sanitation of the orchard is necessary Collect and disperse fallen leaves and fruits by burning or burying them Prune trees properly to improve air circulation in the canopies Chemical Control measures = Spraying of Thiophanate Methyl 70 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 0.7 to 1 gram per litre of water Spraying of Kresoxim-methyl 44.3 percent Suspension concentrate at the rate of 1 millilitre per litre of water Spray Mancozeb 75 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 2.5 gram per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Apple and Pest or Disease name is Penicillium blue mold and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Orchard sanitation to remove decayed fruit and organic debris in the orchard. on the orchard floor helps reduce inoculum levels of Penicillium spp. Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Foliar application of Chlorothalonil 75 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 2 gram per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Apple and Pest or Disease name is Powdery mildew and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Removing infected buds Plant trees in sunny locations with good air drainage. This reduces the humidity around trees and reduces the chances of disease. Choose resistant varieties for orchard establishment Chemical Control measures = Spraying of Carbendazim 12 percent + Mancozeb 63 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 2 gram per litre of water Foliar application of Azoxystrobin 18.2 percent + Difenoconazole 11.4 percent Suspension concentrate at the rate of 1 millilitre per litre of water Foliar application of Azoxystrobin 18.2 percent weight per weight + Difenoconazole 11.4 percent weight per weight Suspension concentrate at the rate of 1ml per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Apple and Pest or Disease name is Round headed apple tree borer and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Controlling apple scab will prevent the fruit susceptibility to rot fungi Protect trees against egg laying at the base of trunks(mosquito netting) Biological Control measures = Woodpeckers keeps the population under check Chemical Control measures = Spray Profenofos 40 percent + Cypermethrin 4 percent Emulsifiable Concentrate at the rate of 2 millilitre per litre of water Drenching of Carbofuran 3 percent Granules at the rate of 8 kg per acre Drenching of Chlorantraniliprole 0.4 percent Granules at the rate of 4 kg per acre spray Indoxacarb 14.5 percent + Acetamiprid 7.7 percent Suspension concentrate at the rate of 1 millilitre per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Apple and Pest or Disease name is Scab and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Choose resistant varieties when possible Rake under trees and destroy infected leaves to reduce the number of fungal spores available to start the disease cycle over again next spring Water in the evening or early morning hours (avoid overhead irrigation) to give the leaves time to dry out before infection can occur A fall foliar fertilizer application of zinc sulfate and urea hastens leaf fall and speeds decomposition of fallen leaves. This in turn reduces the level of overwintering apple scab inoculum Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Foliar application of Carbendazim 50 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 1 grams per litre of water Spraying of Copper Oxychloride 50 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 2 to 2.5 gram per litre of water Spray of Difenoconazole 25 percent Emulsifiable Concentrate at the rate of 0.15 millilitre per litre of water Spray of Captan 50 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 2.5 grams per litre of water Foliar application of Chlorothalonil 75 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 2 gram per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Apple and Pest or Disease name is Sooty blotch and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Prune the trees to allow good air circulation in the tree canopy Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Spray of Captan 50 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 2.5 gram per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Apple and Pest or Disease name is Stem borer and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Prune the branches containing grubs before they entered the tree trunk Remove other host trees such as Mulberry trees Kill the larvae by flexible wire into the hole and close the hole with mud by putting cotton soaked ball with petrol Chemical Control measures = Spray dimethoate 30 percent emulsifiable concentrate at 1 to 1.3 millilitre per litre of water Spraying with Acephate 50 percent + Imidacloprid 1.8 percent Soluble powder at the rate of 1 grams per litre of water Spraying Chlorpyriphos 50 percent + Cypermethrin 5 percent Emulsifiable Concentrate at the rate of 2 millilitre per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Apple and Pest or Disease name is Stink bug and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Brassica hirta and Bassica juncea can be used as trap crop for attracting the bug Chemical Control measures = Spraying of Lambda-cyhalothrin 5 percent Emulsifiable Concentrate at the rate of 0.5 to1 millilitre per litre water Spraying of Clothianidin 50 percent Wettable dispersible granules at the rate of 0.2 grams per litre water Spraying of Bifenthrin 10 percent Emulsifiable Concentrate at the rate of 1 millilitre per litre water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Apple and Pest or Disease name is White root rot and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Choose disease-resistant varieties or cultivars, only plant in well-drained soil, and avoid overwatering Pruning out the infected roots and cut ends painted with a paste Bordeaux paste Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Treated with Formaldehyde (3 to 5 percent ) three weeks before new plantation Spraying of Triadimefon 25 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 0.5 to 1 gram per litre of water Drench the soil under tree canopy with Carbendazim 50 percent Wettable powder (0.1 percent ­) or Carbendazim + Mancozeb 75 percent Wettable powder (0.5 percent) where fungicide suspension should be applied in 15 to 20 centimeter deep holes made with crowbar at a distance of 30 centimeter through out the tree basin Injecting of Aureofungin 46.15 percent Soluble powder at the rate of 2 gram per tree, 5 to 10 injection. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Apple and Pest or Disease name is Wooly aphid and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Use resistant root stocks M 778, M 779, MM 14, MM 110, MM 112 Scrub infested areas containing aphid colonies with coarse material such as water soaked jute sacks Biological Control measures = Release the parasitoid: Aphelinus mali Predators: Chilomenus bijugus and Coccinella septumpunctata Chemical Control measures = Spraying Dinotefuran 4 percent + Acephate 50 percent Soluble granules at the rate of 0.8 to 1 grams per litre of water Spraying Fipronil 5 percent + Buprofezin 20 percent Suspension concentrate at the rate of 2 millilitre per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Arecanut and Pest or Disease name is Anabe roga and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Phytosanitation : The stumps of diseased plams left in the field should be removed along with roots and destroyed by burning. Repeated ploughing or deep digging in the diseased gardens should be avoided, as this will help carry the infected material from the diseased site to the healthy ones Maintaining optimal plant population without over crowding. Providing good drainage facility, fertilizers and manures. Biological Control measures = neem cake at 2kilogram per palm at quarterly intervals up to one year Chemical Control measures = root feeding of Hexaconazole 5Emulsifiable concentrate at 2percent (100 millilitre solution per palm) at quarterly intervals Spraying of Metalaxyl 8 percent + Mancozeb 64 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 2 grams per litre of water Spraying of Copper Oxychloride 50 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 2 to 2.5 grams per litre of water soil drenching at 0.2percent of Hexaconazole (20Litre solution per palm) . </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Arecanut and Pest or Disease name is Bud rot and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Field sanitation practices like removal and destruction of fruit rot affected, dried bunches, shed nuts and the crowns of the palms affected by bud or crown rots may help to reduce the year round survival of the pathogen inoculum Adopt proper spacing and avoid over crowding in bud rot prone gardens. Bud rot can be managed by drenching the rhizosphere region with potassium phosphonate or salt of phosphorous acid Biological Control measures = Application of Pseudomonas fluorescens 1.0 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 5 grams per kilogram seed Chemical Control measures = Prophylactic spraying of 1percent Bordeaux mixture Remove all the affected tissue of the crown region and drenching the crown with Copper oxychloride 0.25 percent . Apply Bordeaux paste and protect it from rain till normal shoot emerges. (Dissolve 100 gram of Copper sulphate and 100 gram of quick lime each in 500millilitres water separately and mix to form 1 litre of Bordeaux paste) Spraying the palms with Metalaxyl 35 Emulsifiable concentrate at the rate of 2 grams per liter of water. Spraying the palms with Dimethomorph at the rate of 1 gram per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Arecanut and Pest or Disease name is Crown chocking and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = In infected palms, the deficiency of nutrients, particularly nitrogen and zinc has been observed. Hence, nutrient management is important Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Application of borax at the rate of 50 grams per palm to the arecanut basin. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Arecanut and Pest or Disease name is Inflorescence caterpillar and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Cut and burn the infested female flowers and inflorescence Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Open the spadices and spray Malathion 50 Emulsifiable concentrate at the rate of 2 millilitre per liter of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Arecanut and Pest or Disease name is Inflorescence die back and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Field sanitation practices include removal and burning of infected dried bunches to reduce the inoculum level in the garden should be strictly followed Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Spraying of Mancozeb or Carbendazim +Mancozeb at 2gram per litre . </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Arecanut and Pest or Disease name is Kole roga and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Field sanitation practices include collection and destruction of the infected nuts and other plant parts should be strictly followed Prophylactic spraying of 1 percent Bordeaux mixture at least three times at an interval of 45 days i. e. just before the onset of south-west monsoon,during the monsoon period and if the monsoon prolongs, a third spray is essential Cover the fresh bunches after first spray with polythene bags to avoid new or further infections Biological Control measures = Spraying of Vegetables oils from groundnut, sesame, sunflower protect the palm from disseases Chemical Control measures = Spraying of Carbendazim 12 percent + Mancozeb 63 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 2 grams per litre of water Spraying of Azoxytrobin 11 percent + Tebuconazole 18.3 percent Suspension concentrate at the rate of 0.9millilitre per litre of water Spraying Captan 70 percent + Hexaconazole 5 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 2 grams per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Arecanut and Pest or Disease name is Leaf blight and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Collection and destruction of diseased plant parts helps in reduction of inoculum load of this disease. Chemical Control measures = Spraying of 0.3 percent Mancozeb results in effective management this disease. Spraying of Azoxystrobin 18.2 percent + Cyproconazole 7.3 percent Suspension concentrate at the rate of 1millilitre per litre of water Spraying Chlorothalonil 40.0 percent + Difenoconazole 4.0 Suspension concentrate at the rate of 2 millilitres per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Arecanut and Pest or Disease name is Spindle bug and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = placement of thiamethoxam 25 Wettable granules of (2 gram) in perforated poly-sachets in the inner most two leaf axils of areca palms during April- May spraying with Thiamethoxam 25 Wettable granules (0.25 gram per litre water) in and around the spindle and inner whorl of leaves.. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Arecanut and Pest or Disease name is White grub and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Provide adequate drainage facilities in the garden Collection and destruction of adult beetles during their peak period of emergence in the evening hours between 6.30 to7.30 PM, usually after 8 to10 days of pre-monsoon shower Digging and forking of soil around basin of palm to a depth of 10 to 15 centimeters during May to June and September to October Application of organic amendments like neem cake at the rate of 2 kilograms per palm per year is recommended during the onset of south west and north east monsoon. This practice will facilitate regeneration of new roots. Stagnating water for 24 hour for grubs to come out from soil Biological Control measures = Application of liquid formulation of entomopathogenic nematode (Steinernema carpocapsae) at 1.5 billion infective juveniles per hectare Application of Metarhizium anisopliae 10 percent Granules (Colony Forming Unit count 1 X 10 power 8 per gram) at 250 kilograms per acre. Chemical Control measures = Imidacloprid 17.8 Soluble liquid (0.25 millilitre per Litre at 2 Litre per palm) around the root zone Spray Imidacloprid 17.8 Soluble concentrate at the rate of 2.5millilitres per liter of water in the interspaces of arecanut palm to ward off early instars of root grub Application of phorate 10 Granules at 15 grams per tree to soil at 3 to 4 weeks after adult emergence Spraying Bifenthrin 8 percent + Clothianidin 10 percent Suspension concentrate at the rate of 1millilitre per litre of water Spray Fipronil 40 percent + Imidacloprid 40 percent Water dispersible granules at the rate of 1.5 to 2millilitres per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Arecanut and Pest or Disease name is White mite and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Provide proper irrigation Cut and remove the dried leaves due to mite attack Biological Control measures = Conserve predatory mites, Amblyseius channabasavanni which will check the population of phytophagous mites Chemical Control measures = Spray dimethoate 30 Emulsifiable concentrate at the rate of 1.5millilitre per liter of water on the lower leaf surface Spray Hexythiazox 3.5 percent + Diafenthiuron 42 percent Water dispersible granules at the rate of 1.2grams per litre of water Spray Propargite 50 percent + Bifenthrin 5 percent Suspoemulsion at the rate of 2millilitres per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Arecanut and Pest or Disease name is Yellow leaf disease and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Balanced nutrient management (NPK at the rate of 100:40:140 grams per palm per year), organic manure application at the rate of 12 kilogram per palm per year and an additional dose of super phosphate (1 kilograms per palm) along with provision of summer irrigation can improve the condition of the palms Mildly affected areas: Removal of all the diseased palms and replanting with disease free seedlings Biological Control measures = Apply organic manure at 12 kilogram each of compost and green leaves per palm per year Chemical Control measures = Spray of Imidacloprid 200 Soluble concentrate at the rate of 0.5 millilitre per litre water Spray of Thiamethoxam 25 Water dispersible granules at the rate of 1 to 1.5 grams per litre. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Ash Gourd and Pest or Disease name is Aphid and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Follow mustard trap crop IPM as mustard will attract all aphids after fl owering and main crop will be spared of the pest incidence Chemical Control measures = Spray Dimethoate 30 % EC at 0.8-1.2 ml/litre water Spray of Acephate 75 % SP at 1-1.25 g/litre water Spray of Dinotefuran 4 % + Acephate 50% w/w/ SG at 1.5-2g/litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Ash Gourd and Pest or Disease name is Downy mildew and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Crop should be grown with wide spacing in well-drained soil Air movement and sunlight exposure helps in checking the disease initiation and development Biological Control measures = Apply Psedomonas flourescens at 1 kg/acre Chemical Control measures = Spray of Azoxystrobin 18.2% w/w + Difenoconazole 11.4% w/w SC at 1ml/litre of water Spray Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP at 2g/litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Ash Gourd and Pest or Disease name is Fruit fly and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Soil application of neem cake @ 250 kg/ha immediately after germination and repeat at flowering followed by sprays of neem soap 1% at 10 days interval after flowering. Crush pumpkin 1 kg and add 100 gm jaggery and 10 ml Malathion and keep in the plot (4-6 places per acre).Adults are attracted to the fermenting pumpkin and lay eggs and get killed. Repeat the process 2-3 times in the cropping season Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Mix methyl eugenol + malathion 50 EC at 1:1 ratio and keep 10 ml of the bait in polythene bags @ 25/ha Spraying the crop with Indoxacarb 14.5 SC @ 0.5 ml/litre of water at fruit formation/ripening is very effective.. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Ash Gourd and Pest or Disease name is Gummy stem blight and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Avoid exotic hybrids and varieties due to high degree of susceptibility Summer ploughing and green manuring followed by Trichoderma application Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Drenching of Carbendazim 50% WP at 1g/litre of water at collar region Seed treatment with Carbendazim 50% WP at 2g/kg of seeds. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Ash Gourd and Pest or Disease name is Leaf beetle and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Plough the fields just after harvesting destroy the hibernating adults Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Spray Dimethoate 30 % EC at 0.8-1.2 ml/litre water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Ash Gourd and Pest or Disease name is Leaf miner and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Soil application of neem cake @ 250 kg/ha immediately after germination Destroy cotyledon leaves with leaf mining at 7 days after germination Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Spray of Acephate 50% + Imidacloprid 1.8% SP at 0.75-1g/litre of water Spray of Deltamethrin 0.72% + Buprofezin 5.65% EC at 1500ml/ha. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Ash Gourd and Pest or Disease name is Mosaic virus and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Management of the disease involves destruction of diseased hosts and weeds Virus free seeds must be used to check the seed transmission Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Spray Acephate 50%+ Imidacloprid 1.8% SP at 2g/litre of water Spray Profenofos 40% + Cypermethrin 4% EC at 1.5-2ml/litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Ash Gourd and Pest or Disease name is Powdery mildew and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Use tolerant line Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Foliar spray of Carbendazim 50% WP at 1g/litre of water Foliar application of Azoxystrobin 18.2% w/w + Difenoconazole 11.4% w/w SC 1ml/ litreof water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Asparagus and Pest or Disease name is Aphid and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Mowing, chopping up, and then incorporating ferns during the dormant season may substantially reduce eggs in the area. Biological Control measures = Release parasites, such as Diaeretiella rapae Chemical Control measures = Spray Acephate 50%+ Imidacloprid 1.8% SP at 2g/litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Asparagus and Pest or Disease name is Army worm and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Management of weed around and in field Spraying Azadirachtin 00.03% WSP (300 PPM) Neem Oil Based at 5ml/litre of water Bird perches @ 4-8/ acre should be erected for facilitating field visits of predatory birds. Biological Control measures = Spraying of Bacillus thuringiensis var. krustaki at rate of 1g/litre water Chemical Control measures = Spray Emamectin Benzoate 1.5% + Profenofos 35% w/w WDG at 1.2g/litre of water Spraying of Spinosad 45 % SC at 0.3-0.5ml/litre water Spray Flubendiamide 20 % WG at 0.5 g/litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Asparagus and Pest or Disease name is Beetles and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Begin scouting plants in April and early May, as soon as asparagus spears emerge. Early harvest of spears cuts short the beetle’s life cycle Hand pick the adults and larvae from plants and drop them in a pail of soapy water. Wipe spears of eggs when you harvest. Chemical Control measures = Spray of Quinalphos 25 % EC at 2ml/litre of water Spray Malathion 50% EC at 1.5-2ml/litre of water Spray Imidacloprid 17.80 % SL at 0.3-0.5ml/litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Asparagus and Pest or Disease name is Cutworm and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Management of weed around and in field Spraying Azadirachtin 00.03% WSP (300 PPM) Neem Oil Based at 5ml/litre of water Biological Control measures = Spraying of Bacillus thuringiensis var. krustaki at rate of 1g/litre water Chemical Control measures = Spray Emamectin Benzoate 1.5% + Profenofos 35% w/w WDG at 1.2g/litre of water Spraying of Spinosad 45 % SC at 0.3-0.5ml/litre water Spray Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 at SC @ 80 ml/acre. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Asparagus and Pest or Disease name is Fusarium crown rot and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Treat seed with hot water or disinfectants to produce disease-free seedlings Do not establish new plantings where asparagus has been grown within the past five years Biological Control measures = Soil Treatment: 2.5 kg of Pseudomonas fluorescens 0.5% WP Spread uniformly over a hectare of land Apply Pseudomonas fluorescens 1.0% WP at 5 kg/ha enriched FYM at 5 tons/ha to the soil before sowing Chemical Control measures = Apply Metalaxyl M 4% + Mancozeb 64% WP at 5g/litre of water applied 30 to 60 days before the first cutting and again just before harvest Spray Mancozeb 63% + Carbendazim 12% WP at 1g/litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Asparagus and Pest or Disease name is Mosaic virus and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Follow mustard trap crop IPM as mustard will attract all aphids after flowering and main crop will be spared of the pest incidence Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Spray Dimethoate 30 % EC at 0.8-1.2 ml/litre water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Asparagus and Pest or Disease name is Purple spot and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Good field sanitation Last season's fern growth, which is the primary inoculum source, should be burned (where permitted), chopped and incorporated, or removed from the field before new spears emerge. Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Spraying Azoxystrobin 23% SC at 0.5-1ml/litre water Spray Chlorothalonil 75% WP at 2g/litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Asparagus and Pest or Disease name is Rust and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Provide adequate irrigation during the spring and summer fern period so that plants are neither over- nor under-watered Orient rows with the prevailing wind, if possible, to allow free flow of air through the field At the end of the fern season, cut and destroy diseased fern Chemical Control measures = Spraying of Hexaconazole 5% SC at 2ml/litre of water Spray Azoxystrobin 18.2% w/w + Cyproconazole 7.3% w/w SC at 1ml/litre of water Spray Pyraclostrobin 133 g/l + Epoxiconazole 50g/l SE at 1ml/litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Asparagus and Pest or Disease name is Seedling blight and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = The destruction of the plant debris and volunteer asparagus seedlings helps to reduce the primary fungus inoculum in spring Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Spray Mancozeb 63% + Carbendazim 12% WP at 1g/litre of water Spray of Captan 50% WP at 2.5g/litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Avacado and Pest or Disease name is Algal leaf spot and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Clean up fallen leaves and remove diseased leaves from the plant. Good sanitation practices will help control this disease Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Spraying of Copper Oxychloride 50% WP at 2-2.5g/litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Avacado and Pest or Disease name is Anthracnose and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Provide adequate drainage in flat areas. Plant on cambered beds Keep the field dry by planting avocadoes 6 metres (20 feet) by 6 metres (20 feet). Plant further apart in wetter areas. rune trees at the start of the dry season, to reduce shading and the amount of diseased material on the tree and in the fields Remove diseased leaves and fruits from the field Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Note: Spray fungicides when the trees start to flower and continue every two to three weeks up to one week before harvesting. Rotating chemicals is important to prevent the fungus from getting used to the chemical. Spray Chlorothalonil 75% WP at 2g/litre of water Spraying of Copper Oxychloride 50% WP at 2-2.5g/litre of water Spray Cymoxanil 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP at 2g/litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Avacado and Pest or Disease name is Avacado sunblotch viroid and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Removal of sunblotch-expressing or symptomless carrier trees is the primary mode for the control of disease spread ASBVd was reported to be inactivated in infected tissue following exposure to 56°C for 15 minutes Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Dipping pruning and propagating tools in solutions of 20% sodium hypochlorite, 2% formaldehyde + 2% sodium hydroxide, or 6% hydrogen peroxide . </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Avacado and Pest or Disease name is Avocado scab and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Remove scabby fruits from the orchard as they often become primary sources of inoculum the following year if left in the trees during harvest Remove dead branches and twigs from the orchard to prevent spreading the disease as it can survive on dead material for a long time Prune the canopies regularly to improve air circulation and the penetration of sunlight Biological Control measures = Encourage the presence of natural enemies (predatory thrips, green lacewings and parasitoids) Chemical Control measures = Spray Acephate 50%+ Imidacloprid 1.8% SP at 2g/litre of water Spraying of Copper Oxychloride 50% WP at 2-2.5g/litre of water Spray of Difenoconazole 25% EC at 15ml/100 litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Avacado and Pest or Disease name is Bacterial soft rot and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Avoid damaging vegetables when weeding and during harvest Harvest only during dry conditions Carefully handle sweet potatoes during all stages of production. Biological Control measures = Treat the seeds with Streptocycline 100 ppm for 30 mins kill both internally and externally seed borne bacterium Chemical Control measures = Place bleeching powder @ 10 g per plant in small cloth bags at the base of plants Application of bleaching powder at 10 to 5.06 kg/acre controls the disease.. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Avacado and Pest or Disease name is Black streak and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Maintaining plant health with good fertilizer and water practices, and preventing stress Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = . </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Avacado and Pest or Disease name is Persea mites and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Ensure the tree is adequately fertilized, pruned properly and irrigated to avoid unnecessary stress to the tree which can make them more susceptible to mite attack Chemical Control measures = Spray Ethion 40% + Cypermethrin 5% EC at 2-2.5ml/litre of water Spray Hexythiazox 3.5% + Diafenthiuron 42% WDG at 1.2g/litre of water Spray Propargite 50 % + Bifenthrin 5 % w/w SE at 2ml/litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Avacado and Pest or Disease name is Phytophthora root rot and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Avoid soils and soil conditions favorable to root rot development,including poorly drained, saline, or pathogen-infested soils Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Fosetyl-Al (Aliette®) or potas- sium phosphonate can be applied as soil drench, foliar spray, trunk paint, trunk injection (buffered) or with irrigation water (buffered solution). </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Avacado and Pest or Disease name is Stem end rot and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Prune out dead limbs and twigs. Dispose of dead wood and old fruit away from trees. Prune and harvest only during dry conditions Provide sufficient irrigation with appropriate placement of high quality water. Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Spray Captan70%+ Hexaconazole 5%WP at 2g/litre of water Spray Mancozeb 63% + Carbendazim 12% WP at 1g/litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Avacado and Pest or Disease name is Thrips and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Add coarse organic mulch (composted yard waste) beneath trees and maintain the mulch layer 6 inches thick to help reduce the survival of thrips that drop from trees to pupate Setting of sticky traps at 25/acre Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Spray Indoxacarb 14.5% + Acetamiprid 7.7% SC at 0.8-1ml/litre of water Spray Acephate 50%+ Imidacloprid 1.8% SP at 2g/litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Avacado and Pest or Disease name is Western avacado leaf roller and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Pruning trees so that terminal foliage does not touch helps to prevent leafroller movement between trees Biological Control measures = Use of egg parasitoid, Trichogramma platneri at 100,000 parasites/acre/season at least 2 releases a week apart during the period ofpeak egg laying Spraying of Bacillus thuringiensis var. krustaki at rate of 1g/litre water Chemical Control measures = Spray Profenofos 40% + Cypermethrin 4% EC at 1.5-2ml/litre of water Spray Chlorpyriphos 50% + Cypermethrin 5% EC w/w at 2ml/litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Bajra and Pest or Disease name is Cercospora leaf spot and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Use disease-free seed for planting Remove all debris after harvest Good aeration with proper sunlight penetration reduces pathogen growth Biological Control measures = Treat the seeds with Trichoderma viride at 4 gram per kilograms of seeds Chemical Control measures = Application of Microized Wettable Sulphur 80 percent Wettable powder at 3 to 5 grams per litre of water Spray Chlorothalonil 75 percent Wettable powder at 2 grams per litre of water Spray Mancozeb 63 percent + Carbendazim 12 percent Wettable powder at 1 gram per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Bajra and Pest or Disease name is Cutworm and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Management of weed around and in field Spraying Azadirachtin 00.03 percent Water soluble powder (300 Parts Per Million) Neem Oil Based at 5 millilitre per litre of water Biological Control measures = Spraying of Bacillus thuringiensis variety krustaki at rate of 1gram per litre water Chemical Control measures = Spray Emamectin Benzoate 1.5 percent + Profenofos 35 percent Water dispersible granules at 1.2 grams per litre of water Spraying of Spinosad 45 percent Suspension concentrate at 0.3 to 0.5 millilitre per litre water Spray Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 percent Suspension concentrate at the rate of 0.5 millilitres per litre. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Bajra and Pest or Disease name is Downy mildew and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Grow downy mildew resistant varieties CO7,WCC 75, CO(Cu)9, TNAU-Cumbu Hybrid-CO9 Infested plants should be removed up to 45 days of sowing as and when the symptoms are noticed. Biological Control measures = Apply Psedomonas flourescens at 1 kilogram per acre Chemical Control measures = Spray Metalaxyl 8 percent + Mancozeb 64 percent Wettable powder at 2 grams per litre of water Spray of Azoxystrobin 18.2 percent + Difenoconazole 11.4 percent Suspension concentate at 1millilitre per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Bajra and Pest or Disease name is Ergot and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Adjust the date of sowing so that the crop does not flower during September- October when high rainfall and high humidity favor the disease. Grow resistant varieties such as ICMS-7703, ICMV-155, WC-C75 Biological Control measures = Basal soil application of neem cake at 150 Kilogram per acre Chemical Control measures = Spray Carbendazim 50 percent Wettable powder 1gram per litre water or Mancozeb 75 percent Water dispersible granules at 2 grams per litre of water when 5 to10 percent flowers have opened and again at 50 percent flowering stage Seed treatment with Captan 50 percent Wettable powder at 4 grams per kilogram of seed.. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Bajra and Pest or Disease name is Rust and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Remove the alternate hosts of rust such as brinjal Biological Control measures = Neem oil 3percent twice at 10 days intervals from initial disease appearance Chemical Control measures = Spray Mancozeb 2 to 5 grams per acre. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Bajra and Pest or Disease name is Shoot fly and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Use resistant varieties like Co-1, CSH 15R, Maldandi and Hagari, M35-1, Swati, SPV 491, IS - 18551, 5566, 5285, 5613, ICSV 700, ICSV 705, Phule Yashoda, CSH 7, CSH 8 Sow bajra immediately at the onset of monsoon rains to minimise shootfly damage Use higher seed rate (12.5 kilogram per hectare) and remove the shoot fly damaged seedlings at the time of thinning or raise nursery and transplant only healthy seedlings. Biological Control measures = Neem seed kernel extract 5percent Chemical Control measures = Seed treatment with imidacloprid 70 Water dispersible powder at the rate of 10 grams per kilogram of seeds Spray Dimethoate 30 Emulsifiable concentrate 1 to 1.3 millilitre per litre Spray of Oxydemeton-methyl 25 percent Emulsifiable concentrate at 2 millilitres per litre water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Bajra and Pest or Disease name is Smut and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Collect smutted earheads in cloth bags and destruct by dipping in boiling water. Deep summer ploughing helps to incorporate spores deep into the soil. Biological Control measures = Use Trichoderma viride (6 grams per kilogram seeds) and raw cow milk or raw goat milk (about 18hours in 50 percent dilution with water) as seed treatment. Chemical Control measures = Seed treatment with Captan 50 percent Wettable powder at 4 grams per kilogram of seed. Seed dressing with sulphur at 4 grams per kilogram seed.. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Bajra and Pest or Disease name is Stem borer and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Sowing the lab lab or cowpea as an intercrop to minimise stemborer damage (Sorghum: Lab lab or cowpea 4:1). Set up of light traps 10 to 12 per acre till mid night to monitor, attract and kill adults of stem borer Biological Control measures = Azadirachtin 0.03percent 400 millilitre per acre Chemical Control measures = Apply in the leaf whorls Carbofuran 3 percent Granules at 6.8 kilograms per acre Spray Profenophos 40 percent + Cypermethrin 4 percent Emulsifiable concentrate at 1 millilitre per litre of water . </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Bajra and Pest or Disease name is Striga and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Provide adequate irrigation neither over- nor under-watered Orient rows with the prevailing wind, if possible, allow free flow of air through the field Destroy volunteer plants and weeds in and around the fields Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Spraying of Hexaconazole 5 percent Suspension concentrate at 2 millilitres per litre of water Spray Azoxystrobin 18.2 percent + Cyproconazole 7.3 percent Suspension concentrate at 1millilitre per litre of water Spray Pyraclostrobin 133 grams per litre + Epoxiconazole 50 grams per litre Suspoemulsion at 1millilitre per litre of water Atrazine (1kilogram) + Hand weeding + 2,4-D sodium salt (5grams per litre) + urea (20 grams per litre). </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Bajra and Pest or Disease name is White grub and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Provide adequate drainage facilities in the garden Collection and destruction of adult beetles during their peak period of emergence in the evening hours between 6.30 to 7.30 PM, usually after 8 to10 days of pre-monsoon shower Digging and forking of soil during MayJune and September-October Application of organic amendments like neem cake 150 kilograms per hectare Biological Control measures = Application of liquid formulation of entomopathogenic nematode (Steinernema carpocapsae) at 1.5 billion infective juveniles per acre Apply Beauveria brongniortii at 2.5 kilogram per acre Chemical Control measures = Spray Chlorpyrifos 20 percent Emulsifiable concentrate 1.5 to 2.5 millilitre per litre Spray Imidacloprid 17.8 Soluble concentrate at the rate of 2.5 millilitres per liter of water to ward off early instars of root grub Spraying Bifenthrin 8 percent + Clothianidin 10 percent Suspension concentrate at 1millilitre per litre of water Spray Fipronil 40 percent + Imidacloprid 40 percent Water dispersible granules at 1.5 to 2 millilitres per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Bamboo and Pest or Disease name is Aphid and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Applications of resin soap or Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) 5%, Neem oil (2%) at early stage of population build up Biological Control measures = Spray Verticillium lecani (Lecanicillium) at 2-3 ml/ Litre of Water Use Beauveria bassiana at 2-3ml/litre of water Chemical Control measures = Spray Dimethoate 30 % EC at 0.8-1.2 ml/litre water Spray of Acephate 75 % SP at 1-1.25 g/litre water Spray of Dinotefuran 4 % + Acephate 50% w/w/ SG at 1.5-2g/litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Bamboo and Pest or Disease name is Bamboo mite and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Ensure the tree is adequately fertilized and irrigated to avoid unnecessary stress to the tree which can make them more susceptible to mite attack Chemical Control measures = Spray Ethion 40% + Cypermethrin 5% EC at 2-2.5ml/litre of water Spray Hexythiazox 3.5% + Diafenthiuron 42% WDG at 1.2g/litre of water Spray Propargite 50 % + Bifenthrin 5 % w/w SE at 2ml/litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Bamboo and Pest or Disease name is Bamboo mosaic virus and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Use virus free planting materials Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Dipping pruning and propagating tools in solutions of 20% sodium hypochlorite, 2% formaldehyde + 2% sodium hydroxide, or 6% hydrogen peroxide. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Bamboo and Pest or Disease name is Black sooty mold and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Control honeydew-producing insects as well as ants Good water management is essential. The plants need a steady supply of moisture, but at the same time, the soil should drain well so that it doesn’t stay soggy for long A location with plenty of bright sunlight promotes good health and vigor. Chemical Control measures = Spraying 1% starch solution causes formation of flakes on the sooty mass which results in removal of sooty mass Early instar nymphs can be controlled by spraying 1.7 ml Imidacloprid 17.8 SL 0.3ml /litre of water Spraying Dinotefuran 4 % + Acephate 50% w/w/ SG at 0.8-1g/litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Bamboo and Pest or Disease name is Decay rot and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Avoid Overwatering of the plants All affected roots must be trimmed off and discarded. Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Spraying of Copper Oxychloride 50% WP at 2-2.5g/litre of water Dusting with Sulphur (25 kg/ha) or by spraying wettable Sulphur at 3g/litre of water twice at flowering stage at 15 days interval.. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Bamboo and Pest or Disease name is Leaf miner and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Soil application of neem cake @ 250 kg/ha immediately after germination Destroy cotyledon leaves with leaf mining at 7 days after germination Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Spray of Acephate 50% + Imidacloprid 1.8% SP at 0.75-1g/litre of water Spray of Deltamethrin 0.72% + Buprofezin 5.65% EC at 1500ml/ha. </s>