Datasets:

masakhane

/

afriqa_wiki_en_fr_100

like 2

Follow

Masakhane NLP 88

least 2003, as well as in Pakistan. Such theories may feature claims that vaccines are part of a secret anti-Islam plot, and have been linked to fatal mass shootings and bombings at vaccine clinics in both countries. Science and technology. Global warming. A global warming conspiracy theory typically alleges that the science behind global warming has been invented or distorted for ideological or financial reasons. Many have promoted such theories, including former US President Donald Trump, US Senator James Inhofe, British journalist Christopher Booker, and Viscount Christopher Monckton. Weather and earthquake control projects. Numerous theories pertain to real or

List of conspiracy theories

alleged weather-controlling projects. Theories include the debunked assertion that HAARP, a radio-technology research program funded by the US government, is a secret weather-controlling system. Some theorists have blamed 2005's Hurricane Katrina on HAARP. HAARP has also been suggested to have somehow caused earthquakes, such as the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami or the 2013 Saravan earthquake. Some HAARP-related claims refer to mind-control technology. Also of interest to conspiracy theorists are cloud-seeding technologies. These include a debunked allegation that the British military's Project Cumulus caused the fatal 1952 Lynmouth

List of conspiracy theories

Flood in Devon, England, and claims concerning a secret project said to have caused the 2010 Pakistan floods. MKUltra. Genuine American research in the 1950s and 1960s into chemical interrogation and mind-control techniques were followed by many conspiracy theories (like Project Monarch), especially following CIA Director Richard Helm's 1973 order to destroy all files related to the project. These theories include the allegation that the mass fatality at Jonestown in 1978 was connected to an MKUltra experiment. Flat Earth. Flat Earth theory first emerged in 19th-century England, despite the Earth's spherical nature having been known since

List of conspiracy theories

at least the time of Pythagoras. It has in recent years been promoted by American software consultant Mark Sargent through the use of YouTube videos. Flat-earther conspiracy theorists hold that planet Earth is not a sphere, and that evidence has been faked or suppressed to hide the fact that it is instead a disc, or a single infinite plane. The conspiracy often implicates NASA. Other claims include that GPS devices are rigged to make aircraft pilots wrongly believe they are flying around a globe. RFID chips. Radio frequency identification chips (RFID), such as are implanted into pets as a

List of conspiracy theories

means of tracking, have drawn the interest of conspiracy theorists who posit that this technology is secretly widely implanted in humans. Former Whitby, England town councilor Simon Parkes has promoted this theory, which may be related to conspiracy theories concerning vaccination, electronic banking and the Antichrist. Technology suppression. Numerous theories pertain to the alleged suppression of certain technologies and energies. Such theories may focus on the Vril Society Conspiracy, allegations of the suppression of the electric car by fossil-fuel companies (as detailed in the 2006 documentary "Who Killed the Electric Car?"), and the Phoebus cartel, set up in 1924

List of conspiracy theories

, which has been accused of suppressing longer-lasting light bulbs. Other long-standing allegations include the suppression of perpetual motion and cold fusion technology by government agencies, special interest groups, or fraudulent inventors. Promoters of alternative energy theories have included Thomas Henry Moray, Eugene Mallove, and convicted American fraudster Stanley Meyer. Weaponry. Conspiracy theorists often attend to new military technologies, both real and imagined. Subjects of theories include: the alleged Philadelphia Experiment, a supposed attempt to turn a US Navy warship invisible; the alleged Montauk Project, a supposed government program to learn about mind control and time travel; and the

List of conspiracy theories

so-called "tsunami bomb", which is alleged to have caused the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Other theories include Peter Vogel's debunked claim that an accidental explosion of conventional munitions at Port Chicago was in fact a nuclear detonation, and a theory promoted by the Venezuelan state-run TV station ViVe that the 2010 Haiti earthquake was caused by a secret US "earthquake weapon". Targeted Individuals. Conspiracy theorists claim that government agents are utilizing directed energy weapons and electronic surveillance to harass members of the population. Theorists often cite research into psychotronic weapons, the Cuban Health Attacks, and the Microwave

List of conspiracy theories

Auditory Effect as proof of their theory. There are over 10,000 people who identify as Targeted Individuals. The "Targeted Individual" phenomenon has been featured on episodes of "Conspiracy Theory with Jesse Ventura" and History Channel's "In Search Of...". False history. Some theories claim that the dates of historical events have been deliberately distorted. These include the phantom time hypothesis of German conspiracy theorist Heribert Illig, who in 1991 published an allegation that 297 years had been added to the calendar by establishment figures such as Pope Sylvester II in order to position themselves at the millennium. A comparable theory

List of conspiracy theories

, known as the New Chronology, is most closely associated with Russian theorist Anatoly Fomenko. Fomenko holds that history is many centuries shorter than is widely believed and that numerous historical documents have been fabricated, and legitimate documents destroyed, for political ends. Adherents of such ideas have included chess grandmaster Garry Kasparov. Another claim is that world governments have hidden evidence for an advanced worldwide civilization with access to free energy and partially populated by giants called Tartaria, which was destroyed in the 1800s by a great "mud flood" cataclysm, causing its remains to be buried. Outer space. Scientific space programs

List of conspiracy theories

are of particular interest to conspiracy theorists. The most prolific theories allege that the US Moon landings were staged by NASA in a film studio, with some alleging the involvement of director Stanley Kubrick. The Soviet space program has also attracted theories that the government concealed evidence of failed flights. A more recent theory, emergent following the activities of hacker Gary McKinnon, suggests that a secret program of crewed space fleets exists, supposedly acting under the United Nations. Conspiracy theorists have long posited a plot by organizations such as NASA to conceal the existence of a large planet in the

List of conspiracy theories

Solar System known as Nibiru or Planet X which is alleged to pass close enough to the Earth to destroy it. Predictions for the date of destruction have included 2003, 2012 and 2017. The theory began to develop following the publication of "The 12th Planet" (1976), by Russian-American author Zecharia Sitchin, was given its full form by Nancy Lieder, and has since been promoted by American conspiracy theorist and End Times theorist David Meade. The notion received renewed attention during the period prior to the solar eclipse of 21 August 2017. Other conspiracy theorists in 2017 also predicted Nibiru

List of conspiracy theories

would appear, including Terral Croft and YouTube pastor Paul Begley. Sports. Boxing. Boxing has featured in conspiracy theories, such as the claims that the second Ali-Liston fight and the first Bradley-Pacquiao fight were fixed. Shergar. The theft and disappearance of the Irish-bred racehorse Shergar in 1983 has prompted many conspiracy theorists to speculate about involvement by the Mafia, the IRA and Colonel Gaddafi. Rigged selection processes. The "frozen envelope theory" suggests that the National Basketball Association rigged its 1985 draft lottery so that Patrick Ewing would join the New York Knicks. Theorists claim that a lottery envelope

List of conspiracy theories

was chilled so that it could be identified by touch. A similar "hot balls theory", promoted by Scottish football manager David Moyes, suggests that certain balls used in draws for UEFA competitions have been warmed to achieve specific outcomes. 1984 Firecracker 400. The 1984 Firecracker 400 at Daytona International Speedway in Daytona, Florida, was the first NASCAR race to be attended by a sitting US president, Ronald Reagan, and was driver Richard Petty's 200th and final career victory. Rival driver Cale Yarborough's premature retirement to the pit road has prompted conspiracy theorists to allege that organizers fixed the

List of conspiracy theories

race in order to receive good publicity for the event. Ronaldo and the 1998 World Cup Final. On the day of the 1998 World Cup Final, Brazilian striker Ronaldo suffered a convulsive fit. Ronaldo was initially removed from the starting lineup 72 minutes before the match, with the teamsheet released to a stunned world media, before he was reinstated by the Brazil coach shortly before kick off. Ronaldo "sleepwalked" through the final, with France winning the game. The nature of the incident set off a trail of questions and allegations which persisted for years, with Alex Bellos writing in "The

List of conspiracy theories

Guardian", "When Ronaldo's health scare was revealed after the match, the situation's unique circumstances lent itself to fabulous conspiracy theories. Here was the world's most famous sportsman, about to take part in the most important match of his career, when he suddenly, inexplicably, fell ill. Was it stress, epilepsy, or had he been drugged?" Questions also circulated into who made Ronaldo play the game. The Brazil coach insisted he had the final say, but much speculation focused on sportswear company Nike, Brazil's multimillion-dollar sponsor—whom many Brazilians thought had too much control—putting pressure on

List of conspiracy theories

the striker to play against medical advice. New England Patriots. The New England Patriots have also been involved in numerous conspiracy theories. During their AFC Championship over the Jacksonville Jaguars, several conspiracy theories spread stating that the referees helped the Patriots advance to Super Bowl LII. However, sports analyst Stephen A. Smith stated the Jaguars were not robbed, but that they had no one to blame but themselves for the loss. There were also conspiracy theories regarding the Super Bowl LI matchup between the Patriots and the Atlanta Falcons stating that the game was rigged while others said the Falcons

List of conspiracy theories

made questionable play-calls at the end of the game that resulted in them blowing a 28–3 lead. List of conspiracy theories This is a list of conspiracy theories that are notable. Many conspiracy theories relate to clandestine government plans and elaborate murder plots. Conspiracy theories usually deny consensus or cannot be proven using the historical or scientific method, and are not to be confused with research concerning verified conspiracies such as Germany's pretense for invading Poland in World War II. In principle, conspiracy theories are not always false by default and their validity depends on evidence just

List of conspiracy theories

Committee on the Present Danger Committee on the Present Danger The Committee on the Present Danger (CPD) is the name used by a succession of American neoconservative and anti-communist foreign policy interest groups. Throughout its four iterations—in the 1950s, the 1970s, the 2000s, and 2019, it has tried to influence all the presidential administrations since Harry S. Truman, achieving notable success during the Reagan administration. Overview. The committee first met in 1950, founded by Tracy Voorhees, to promote the plans proposed in NSC 68 by Paul Nitze and Dean Acheson. It lobbied the government directly and sought to influence public opinion through a

Committee on the Present Danger

publicity campaign, notably a weekly radio broadcast on the Mutual Broadcasting System throughout 1951. This iteration was effectively disbanded after 1952, following the appointment of Voorhees and others to senior positions in the administration. It was privately revived in March 1976 to try to influence the presidential candidates and their advisors. After Jimmy Carter won the election, CPD went public again and spent the next four years lobbying, particularly against détente and the SALT II agreement. Its hawkish conclusions influenced the CIA's future reporting on the Soviet threat. This iteration of the CPD provided 33 officials to the Ronald

Committee on the Present Danger

Reagan administration, plus Reagan himself. History. First CPD (1950s). On 12 December 1950, James Conant, Tracy Voorhees and Vannevar Bush announced the creation of the committee on the Present Danger. The group was formed in order to support the Truman Administration's remilitarization plans contained within NSC 68. The 'present danger' to which the group's title referred was "the aggressive designs of the Soviet Union", the CPD announced. Second CPD (1970s). On 11 November 1976, the second iteration was announced. The name of this version of the committee was "borrow[ed]" from the 1950s version, and was not a direct

Committee on the Present Danger

successor. Some of its members lobbied for, and were members of, the 1976 Team B, providing an opposing view to the CIA's "Team A". Thirty-three officials of the Reagan administration were CPD members, including Director of Central Intelligence William Casey, National Security Advisor Richard V. Allen, United States Ambassador to the United Nations Jeane Kirkpatrick, Secretary of the Navy John Lehman, Secretary of State George Shultz, and Assistant Secretary of Defense Richard Perle. Reagan himself was a member in 1979. Third CPD (2004). In June 2004, "The Hill" reported that a third incarnation of CPD was being planned

Committee on the Present Danger

, to address the War on Terrorism. This incarnation of the committee was still active as of 2008. The head of the 2004 CPD, PR pro and former Reagan adviser Peter D. Hannaford, explained, "we saw a parallel" between the Soviet threat and the threat from terrorism. The message that CPD will convey through lobbying, media work and conferences is that the war on terror needs to be won, he said. Members of the 2004 CPD included Vice President for Policy Larry Haas, Senator Joseph I. Lieberman, former CIA director R. James Woolsey Jr., former National Security Advisor to President Reagan

Committee on the Present Danger

, Robert C. McFarlane, and Reagan administration official and 1976 Committee founder Max Kampelman. At the July 20, 2004 launching of the 2004 CPD, Lieberman and Senator Jon Kyl were identified as the honorary co-chairs. Fourth CPD (2019). The fourth CPD was established on March 25, 2019, branding itself "Committee on the Present Danger: China" (CPDC). Members include both China-focused specialists and others without specific experience related to the country, and are predominantly conservative. Criticisms. The fourth iteration of CPD, focused on China, has been criticized as promoting a revival of Red Scare politics in the United States, and

Committee on the Present Danger

for its ties to conspiracy theorist Frank Gaffney and conservative activist Steve Bannon. David Skidmore, writing for "The Diplomat", saw it as another instance of "adolescent hysteria" in US diplomacy, as another of the "fevered crusades [which] have produced some of the costliest mistakes in American foreign policy". Committee on the Present Danger The Committee on the Present Danger (CPD) is the name used by a succession of American neoconservative and anti-communist foreign policy interest groups. Throughout its four iterations—in the 1950s, the 1970s, the 2000s, and 2019, it has tried to influence all the presidential administrations since

Committee on the Present Danger

Maximal torus Maximal torus In the mathematical theory of compact Lie groups a special role is played by torus subgroups, in particular by the maximal torus subgroups. A torus in a compact Lie group "G" is a compact, connected, abelian Lie subgroup of "G" (and therefore isomorphic to the standard torus T). A maximal torus is one which is maximal among such subgroups. That is, "T" is a maximal torus if for any torus "T"′ containing "T" we have "T" = "T"′. Every torus is contained in a maximal torus simply by dimensional considerations. A noncompact Lie group need not have any

Maximal torus

nontrivial tori (e.g. R). The dimension of a maximal torus in "G" is called the rank of "G". The rank is well-defined since all maximal tori turn out to be conjugate. For semisimple groups the rank is equal to the number of nodes in the associated Dynkin diagram. Examples. The unitary group U("n") has as a maximal torus the subgroup of all diagonal matrices. That is, "T" is clearly isomorphic to the product of "n" circles, so the unitary group U("n") has rank "n". A maximal torus in the special unitary group SU("n") ⊂ U("n") is just the intersection

Maximal torus

of "T" and SU("n") which is a torus of dimension "n" − 1. A maximal torus in the special orthogonal group SO(2"n") is given by the set of all simultaneous rotations in any fixed choice of "n" pairwise orthogonal planes (i.e., two dimensional vector spaces). Concretely, one maximal torus consists of all block-diagonal matrices with formula_2 diagonal blocks, where each diagonal block is a rotation matrix. This is also a maximal torus in the group SO(2"n"+1) where the action fixes the remaining direction. Thus both SO(2"n") and SO(2"n"+1) have rank "n". For example, in the rotation group SO(3) the

Maximal torus

maximal tori are given by rotations about a fixed axis. The symplectic group Sp("n") has rank "n". A maximal torus is given by the set of all diagonal matrices whose entries all lie in a fixed complex subalgebra of H. Properties. Let "G" be a compact, connected Lie group and let formula_3 be the Lie algebra of "G". The first main result is the torus theorem, which may be formulated as follows: This theorem has the following consequences: Root system. If "T" is a maximal torus in a compact Lie group "G", one can define a root system as follows

Maximal torus

. The roots are the weights for the adjoint action of "T" on the complexified Lie algebra of "G". To be more explicit, let formula_5 denote the Lie algebra of "T", let formula_3 denote the Lie algebra of formula_7, and let formula_8 denote the complexification of formula_3. Then we say that an element formula_10 is a root for "G" relative to "T" if formula_11 and there exists a nonzero formula_12 such that for all formula_14. Here formula_15 is a fixed inner product on formula_3 that is invariant under the adjoint action of connected compact Lie groups. The root system, as a

Maximal torus

subset of the Lie algebra formula_5 of "T", has all the usual properties of a root system, except that the roots may not span formula_5. The root system is a key tool in understanding the classification and representation theory of "G". Weyl group. Given a torus "T" (not necessarily maximal), the Weyl group of "G" with respect to "T" can be defined as the normalizer of "T" modulo the centralizer of "T". That is, Fix a maximal torus formula_20 in "G;" then the corresponding Weyl group is called the Weyl group of "G" (it depends up to isomorphism on the

Maximal torus

choice of "T"). The first two major results about the Weyl group are as follows. We now list some consequences of these main results. The representation theory of "G" is essentially determined by "T" and "W". As an example, consider the case formula_21 with formula_22 being the diagonal subgroup of formula_7. Then formula_24 belongs to formula_25 if and only if formula_26 maps each standard basis element formula_27 to a multiple of some other standard basis element formula_28, that is, if and only if formula_26 permutes the standard basis elements, up to multiplication by some constants. The Weyl group in this

Maximal torus

case is then the permutation group on formula_30 elements. Weyl integral formula. Suppose "f" is a continuous function on "G". Then the integral over "G" of "f" with respect to the normalized Haar measure "dg" may be computed as follows: where formula_32 is the normalized volume measure on the quotient manifold formula_33 and formula_34 is the normalized Haar measure on "T". Here Δ is given by the Weyl denominator formula and formula_35 is the order of the Weyl group. An important special case of this result occurs when "f" is a class function, that is, a function invariant under conjugation

Maximal torus

. In that case, we have Consider as an example the case formula_37, with formula_22 being the diagonal subgroup. Then the Weyl integral formula for class functions takes the following explicit form: Here formula_40, the normalized Haar measure on formula_22 is formula_42, and formula_43 denotes the diagonal matrix with diagonal entries formula_44 and formula_45. Maximal torus In the mathematical theory of compact Lie groups a special role is played by torus subgroups, in particular by the maximal torus subgroups. A torus in a compact Lie group "G" is a compact, connected, abelian Lie subgroup of "G" (and therefore isomorphic to the

Maximal torus

24 Hour Party People 24 Hour Party People 24 Hour Party People is a 2002 British biographical comedy-drama film about Manchester's popular music community from 1976 to 1992, and specifically about Factory Records. It was written by Frank Cottrell Boyce and directed by Michael Winterbottom. The film was entered into the 2002 Cannes Film Festival to positive reviews. It begins with the punk rock era of the late 1970s and moves through the 1980s into the rave and DJ culture and the "Madchester" scene of the late 1980s and early 1990s. The main character is Tony Wilson (played by Steve Coogan), a

24 Hour Party People

news reporter for Granada Television and the head of Factory Records. The narrative largely follows his career, while also covering the careers of the major Factory artists, especially Joy Division and New Order, A Certain Ratio, The Durutti Column and Happy Mondays. The film is a dramatisation based on a combination of real events, rumours, urban legends and the imaginings of the scriptwriter, as the film makes clear. In one scene, one-time Buzzcocks member Howard Devoto (played by Martin Hancock) is shown having sex with Wilson's first wife in the toilets of a club; the real Devoto, an

24 Hour Party People

extra in the scene, turns to the camera and says, "I definitely don't remember this happening." The fourth wall is frequently broken, with Wilson (who also acts as the narrator) frequently commenting on events directly to camera as they occur, at one point declaring that he is "being postmodern, before it's fashionable". The actors are often intercut with real contemporary concert footage, including the Sex Pistols gig at the Lesser Free Trade Hall. Plot. In 1976 television presenter Tony Wilson sees the Sex Pistols perform at the Manchester Lesser Free Trade Hall for the first time. Inspired, Wilson

24 Hour Party People

starts a weekly series of punk rock shows at a Manchester club, where the newly formed Joy Division perform, led by the erratic, brooding Ian Curtis. Wilson founds a record label, Factory Records, and signs Joy Division as the first band; the contract is written in Wilson's blood and gives the Factory artists full control over their music. He hires irascible producer Martin Hannett to record Joy Division, and soon the band and label have a hit record. In 1980, just before Joy Division is to tour the United States, Curtis hangs himself. Joy Division rename themselves New Order

24 Hour Party People

and record a hit single, "Blue Monday". Wilson opens a nightclub, the Haçienda; business is slow at first, but eventually the club is packed each night. Wilson signs another hit band, Happy Mondays, led by Shaun Ryder, and the ecstasy-fuelled rave culture is born. Despite the apparent success, Factory Records is losing money. Every copy of "Blue Monday" sold loses five pence, as the intricate packaging by Peter Saville costs more than the single's sale price. Wilson pays for New Order to record a new album in Ibiza, but after two years, they still have not delivered a

24 Hour Party People

record. He pays for the Happy Mondays to record their fourth studio album in Barbados, but Ryder spends all the money on drugs. When Wilson finally receives the album, he finds that Ryder has refused to record vocals, and all the tracks are instrumentals. At the Haçienda, ecstasy use is curbing alcohol sales and attracting gang violence. The Factory partners try to save the business by selling the label to London Records, but when Wilson reveals that the label does not hold contracts with any of its artists, the deal falls through. While smoking marijuana on the roof of Haçienda

24 Hour Party People

after its closing night, Wilson has a vision of God, who assures Wilson he has earned a place in history. Cast. Cameos Reception and awards. The film holds a Metacritic score of 85/100. Roger Ebert gave it four out of four stars. The film was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival. In 2019, "The Guardian" ranked the film 49th in its 100 best films of the 21st century list. Empire gave it 4 out of 5 stars, highlighting the films director. As usual with anything even remotely related to Factory Records, the film received its

24 Hour Party People

own FAC catalogue number – posthumously, in a sense, as Factory had already been bankrupt for nearly a decade. "24 Hour Party People" is known as FAC 401, being first on the hundred that features other video & multimedia releases. "24 Hour Party People" holds a "Certified Fresh" rating of 86% based on one-hundred reviews. The site's consensus states: "The colorful, chaotic 24 Hour Party People nimbly captures the spirit of the Manchester music scene." Soundtrack. The soundtrack to "24 Hour Party People" features songs by artists closely associated with Factory Records who were depicted in the film. These include

24 Hour Party People

Happy Mondays, Joy Division (later to become New Order) and The Durutti Column. Manchester band the Buzzcocks are featured, as are The Clash. The album begins with "Anarchy in the U.K." by the Sex Pistols, the band credited in the film with inspiring Factory Records co-founder Tony Wilson to devote himself to promoting music. New tracks recorded for the album include Joy Division's "New Dawn Fades", from a concert performance by New Order with Moby and Billy Corgan. Other songs in the film. Several songs appear in the film but are not on the soundtrack album, including: 24

24 Hour Party People

Leconte de Lisle Leconte de Lisle Charles Marie René Leconte de Lisle (; 22 October 1818 – 17 July 1894) was a French poet of the Parnassian movement. He is traditionally known by his surname only, Leconte de Lisle". Biography. Leconte de Lisle was born on the French overseas island of La Réunion, in the Indian Ocean. He spent his childhood there and later in Brittany. Among his friends in those years was the musician Charles Bénézit. His father, an army surgeon who brought Leconte up with great severity, sent him to travel in the East Indies intending to prepare him for a business career

Leconte de Lisle

. However, after returning from this journey, the young man preferred to complete his education in Rennes, Brittany, specializing in Greek, Italian and history. In 1845 he settled definitively in Paris. He was involved in the French Revolution of 1848 which ended with the overthrow of the Orleans King Louis-Philppe of France, but took no further part in politics after the Second Republic was declared. His first volume, "La Vénus de Milo", attracted to him a number of friends many of whom were passionately devoted to classical literature. However, as a writer he is most famous for his three collections

Leconte de Lisle

of poetry: "Poèmes antiques" (1852), "Poèmes barbares" (1862), "Poèmes tragiques" (1884). He is also known for his translations of Ancient Greek tragedians and poets, such as Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides and Horace. Leconte de Lisle played a leading role in the Parnassian poetic movement (1866) and shared many of the values of other poets of this generation, bridging the Romantic and Symbolist periods. Although Leconte de Lisle was a fervent Republican, during the reign of Napoleon III he accepted the pensions and decorations offered to him by the Emperor. This was held against him after the fall of the Second Empire

Leconte de Lisle

and its replacement by the Third Republic, in 1871. However, Leconte de Lisle redeemed himself with the new government by writing two democratically-oriented books entitled "A People's History of the French Revolution" and "A People's History of Christianity", respectively. These works earned him a post as Assistant Librarian at the Luxembourg Palace in 1873; in 1886 he was elected to the French Academy, in succession to Victor Hugo. Personal life. Leconte de Lisle married Anna Adélaïde Perray (March 29, 1833 - September 8, 1916), daughter of Jacques Perray and Amélie Leconte, in Paris on September 10, 1857; they

Leconte de Lisle

had no children. Leconte de Lisle died on 17 July 1894 at Voisins in the township of Louveciennes, to the west of Paris. Works. As well as poetry, Leconte de Lisle produced a number of theatrical plays, lyrical works, translations, and historical works. His works are shown below, in chronological order. Leconte de Lisle Charles Marie René Leconte de Lisle (; 22 October 1818 – 17 July 1894) was a French poet of the Parnassian movement. He is traditionally known by his surname only, Leconte de Lisle". Biography. Leconte de Lisle was born on the French overseas island of La Réunion, in

Leconte de Lisle

St Michael's Isle St Michael's Isle St Michael's Isle ( or ), more commonly referred to as Fort Island, is an island in Malew parish in the Isle of Man, noted for its attractive ruins. It covers an area of , is about long from west to east, and is connected to the Langness Peninsula, near Derbyhaven, by a narrow causeway. The island itself is made of rocky slate and the soil is very acidic. Nevertheless, it has important communities of maritime plants. There is evidence for human activity on the island from the Mesolithic period onwards and there are two ancient buildings on

St Michael's Isle

the island. Both are in a state of ruin and closed to the public, though there are a number of walks which allow visitors to explore the surroundings. St Michael's Chapel, a 12th-century chapel, is on the south side of the island. This Celtic-Norse chapel was built on the site of an older Celtic . The island is the site of two great battles for the control of the Isle of Man in 1250 and 1275, when England, Scotland and the Manx were fighting for control of the island. The Manx won the first battle, but 25 years

St Michael's Isle

later they lost control to Scotland. Derby Fort. Derby Fort, a 17th-century fort, is at the eastern end of the island. It was built by James Stanley, the 7th Earl of Derby and Lord of Mann in 1645, during the English Civil War, to protect the then busy port of Derbyhaven. The island is a bird sanctuary. St Michael's Isle St Michael's Isle ( or ), more commonly referred to as Fort Island, is an island in Malew parish in the Isle of Man, noted for its attractive ruins. It covers an area of , is about long from west

St Michael's Isle

Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal is a Primary Reserve infantry regiment of the Canadian Army. Lineage. Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal originated in Montreal, Quebec on 18 June 1869 as "The Mount Royal Rifles". It was redesignated as the "65th Battalion, Mount Royal Rifles" on 5 November 1869, as the "65th Regiment "Mount Royal Rifles"" on 8 May 1900 as the "65th Regiment "Carabiniers Mont-Royal"" on 1 August 1902, as "Les Carabiniers Mont-Royal" on 29 March 1920, as "Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal" on 15 April 1931, as the "2nd (Reserve) Battalion, Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal" on

Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal

7 November 1940 and finally as "Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal" on 15 November 1945. Upon redesignation as Les Carabiniers Mont-Royal on 29 March 1920 it was organized as a two-battalion regiment with the 1st Battalion (perpetuating the 69th Battalion (Canadien-Français), CEF) on the Non-Permanent Active Militia order of battle, and the 2nd Battalion (perpetuating the 150th Battalion (Carabiniers Mont-Royal), CEF) on the Reserve order of battle. The reserve unit was disbanded on 14 December 1936. On 4 May 1951, Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal mobilized two temporary Active Force companies designated "E" and "F" Company. "E

Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal

Company was reduced to nil strength upon its personnel being incorporated into the 1st Canadian Infantry Battalion (later the 3rd Battalion, The Canadian Guards) for service in Germany with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. It was disbanded on 29 July 1953. F" Company was initially used as a reinforcement pool for "E" Company. On 15 May 1952, it was reduced to nil strength, upon its personnel being absorbed by the newly formed 2nd Canadian Infantry Battalion (later the 4th Battalion, The Canadian Guards) for service in Korea with the United Nations. "F" Company was disbanded on 29 July 1953. Perpetuations

Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal

. Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal perpetuate the 2nd and 3rd Battalions (City of Montreal) (1812–15), Longue-Pointe and Pointe-Claire Divisions (1812–15), the 69th Battalion (Canadien-Français), CEF and the 150th Battalion (Carabiniers Mont-Royal), CEF. Operational history. North-West Rebellion. The battalion was mobilized for active service, under the designation 65th Mounted Rifles, "Mount Royal Rifles" on 10 April 1885. It served in the Alberta Column of the North West-Field Force. The battalion was removed from active service on 24 July 1885. The Great War. Details of the regiment were placed on active service on 6 August 1914 for

Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal

local protective duty. The 69th Battalion (Canadien-Français), CEF was authorized on 10 July 1915 and embarked for Britain on 17 April 1916. The battalion provided reinforcements to the Canadian Corps in the field until 4 January 1917, when its personnel were absorbed by the 10th Reserve Battalion, CEF. The battalion was disbanded on 30 August 1920. 150th Battalion (Carabiniers Mont-Royal), CEF, was authorized on 22 December 1915 and embarked for Britain on 29 September 1916. The battalion provided reinforcements to the Canadian Corps in the field until February 1917, when it was allotted to the 14th Infantry Brigade

Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal

, 5th Canadian Division in England. On 15 February 1918 its personnel were absorbed by the 10th Reserve Battalion, CEF. The battalion was disbanded on 29 November 1918.21 The Second World War. The regiment mobilized the Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal, CASF for active service on 1 September 1939. It was redesignated as the 1st Battalion, Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal, CASF on 7 November 1940. It embarked for garrison duty in Iceland with "Z" Force on 1 July 1940. On 31 October 1940 it was transferred to Great Britain. The regiment took part in OPERATION JUBILEE, the raid on Dieppe on 19

Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal

August 1942. It returned to France on 7 July 1944, as part of the 6th Canadian Infantry Brigade, 2nd Canadian Infantry Division, and it continued to fight in North-West Europe until the end of the war. The overseas battalion was disbanded on 15 November 1945. The regiment mobilized the 3rd Battalion, Les Fusiliers de Mont-Royal, CASF for active service on 12 May 1942. It served in Canada in a home defence role as part of Military District No. 5 and the 7th Canadian Infantry Division. The battalion was disbanded on 15 October 1943. War In Afghanistan. The regiment

Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal

contributed an aggregate of more than 20% of its authorized strength to the various Task Forces which served in Afghanistan between 2002 and 2014. Battle honours. In the list below, battle honours in capitals were awarded for participation in large operations and campaigns, while those in lowercase indicate honours granted for more specific battles. Battle honours in bold type are emblazoned on the regimental colour. Regimental associations. Former members may join the active associations from the Officers Mess and the Sergents Mess. L'Association les Anciens Sergents Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal accepts retired members of the Junior Ranks Mess as associate

Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal

members. Regimental headquarters. The address of Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal is: Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal Museum. Raoul Adolphe Brassard (1877-1927), an officer of the 65th Regiment, served as the architect for the Armoury of the Fusiliers Mont-Royal in Montreal. The museum features uniforms, medals, patches, photographs and other unit memorabilia. It is open on Tuesday evenings and by appointment. The museum collects, preserves, and shows, documents, artifacts, photos which illustrate the military life of our regiment in the city of Montreal in all aspects of life in peace and in war. The Museum is affiliated with: CMA, CHIN

Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal

, OMMC and Virtual Museum of Canada. Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal is a Primary Reserve infantry regiment of the Canadian Army. Lineage. Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal originated in Montreal, Quebec on 18 June 1869 as "The Mount Royal Rifles". It was redesignated as the "65th Battalion, Mount Royal Rifles" on 5 November 1869, as the "65th Regiment "Mount Royal Rifles"" on 8 May 1900 as the "65th Regiment "Carabiniers Mont-Royal"" on 1 August 1902, as "Les Carabiniers Mont-Royal" on 29 March 1920, as "Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal" on 15 April 1931, as the "2nd (Reserve

Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal

BBC Prime BBC Prime BBC Prime was the BBC's general entertainment TV channel in Europe, Middle East, Africa, South Asia and Asia Pacific from 30 January 1995 until 11 November 2009, when it was replaced by BBC Entertainment. Launch. BBC Prime was launched at 19:00 GMT on Thursday, 26 January 1995 when the former BBC World Service Television was split into two separate television stations: Programming. The channel broadcast drama, comedy and lifestyle programmes which it repeated on a monthly basis. Every day since the channel's 2000 rebrand, it allocated six hours per day to educational programmes from BBC Learning

BBC Prime

(shown in the European small hours, between 01:00 and 07:00 CET); this practice was abandoned on 23 July 2006 "with the intention of improving the relevance and appeal of the channel to the widest audience". It also included a special children's strand, using the CBBC brand and idents, by the name of CBBC on BBC Prime, or CBBC Prime. When it first launched, BBC Prime also carried programming from the former ITV company Thames Television, since BBC Worldwide had a joint venture with Thames's parent company, Pearson and Cox Communications, known as European Channel Management. However, this was

BBC Prime

dissolved in 1998. BBC Prime explained their decision to schedule older programmes in addition to newer ones: "For the majority of our viewers, who are European and African nationals, this is the first chance to see these programmes, and often the only way to view them." Funding. Unlike the BBC's domestic channels, and some of their foreign channels paid for by the UK Foreign Office, BBC Prime was funded by subscription available either as part of a satellite package or as a stand-alone channel. It was also funded by adverts placed on the channel in breaks, and because

BBC Prime

of this, it was not available in the UK. Much of BBC Prime's programming was available to watch through BBC One, Two or the UKTV network, part owned by the BBC and showing archive programming. Presentation. BBC Prime's first ident consisted of five different diamonds shining, at first by each other, and then all of them, in a black background, with the BBC Prime logo placed in the bottom right corner. The logo at the time had the BBC logo, with "Prime" written in all capitals below in the Trajan Bold font. The ident had another version which

BBC Prime

had a jazz-styled music. After the BBC went on its major rebrand, on 4 October 1997, BBC Prime rebranded for the first time. The logo now had the BBC blocks, with "Prime" in all capitals in the Gill Sans font next to it. The idents were designed by Martin Lambie-Nairn (along with the whole 1997 BBC branding) and start with epileptic water scenes with full of colours, before settling on the main part of the ident, which features the water in a blue to orange gradient with ripples and two marbles, reflected and inverted by each other. The

BBC Prime

logo is placed at the bottom. On 4 December 2000, BBC Prime rebranded for the second time, also created by Lambie-Nairn. The idents were known as "Festival" and featured cartoon draws of famous UK sights, like the Big Ben, the Tower Bridge or the Stonehenge, shooting fireworks, followed by the looped, 15-second long sequence with exploding firework animations. The idents had a xylophone-and-trumpet music, with firework sounds playing in the background. Like the 1997 idents, the logo is placed at the bottom. BBC Prime's final rebrand took place on 23 July 2006 with BBC Learning

BBC Prime

's discontinuation. The logo featured the 1997 logo being placed inside a turquoise circle (although the 1997 logo remained in use as the DOG). The idents consisted of differently coloured circles as people who do different situations, like going on a rollercoaster, jumping and swimming in the pool, or the grass being clipped with a lawnmower. These idents were used until BBC Prime was completely replaced by BBC Entertainment on 11 November 2009. Availability. The channel was available in many areas through satellite and cable television In order to cater to a wider audience, who do not have English as

BBC Prime

their first language, BBC Prime carried subtitles in Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, Czech, Polish, Romanian, Hungarian, Italian, Hebrew and Serbian. The Asian service also had subtitles in Chinese, Thai, and Korean. A similar channel, called BBC Japan, launched in Japan on 1 December 2004, but ceased broadcasting on 30 April 2006 owing to problems with its local distributor. Replacement. In September 2006 it was announced that the BBC Prime brand was to be phased out and replaced by BBC Entertainment, one of a number of new international channels planned by BBC Worldwide. The process began with the Asian services, which switched

BBC Prime

on 6 October 2006, followed by the South African service on 1 September 2008. BBC Prime was completely replaced by BBC Entertainment on 11 November 2009. BBC Prime BBC Prime was the BBC's general entertainment TV channel in Europe, Middle East, Africa, South Asia and Asia Pacific from 30 January 1995 until 11 November 2009, when it was replaced by BBC Entertainment. Launch. BBC Prime was launched at 19:00 GMT on Thursday, 26 January 1995 when the former BBC World Service Television was split into two separate television stations: Programming. The channel broadcast drama, comedy and lifestyle programmes which

BBC Prime

One Crimson Night One Crimson Night One Crimson Night is a two-disc live album and DVD by Swedish power metal band HammerFall. The album was recorded during band's concert at Lisebergshallen, Sweden. DVD containing this live footage along with bonus materials was released by Nuclear Blast on 29 June 2004. The cover artwork was created by Samwise Didier. One Crimson Night One Crimson Night is a two-disc live album and DVD by Swedish power metal band HammerFall. The album was recorded during band's concert at Lisebergshallen, Sweden. DVD containing this live footage along with bonus materials was released by

One Crimson Night

Monroeville Monroeville Monroeville may refer to: Monroeville Monroeville may refer to:

Monroeville

George Selwyn George Selwyn George Selwyn may refer to: George Selwyn George Selwyn may refer to:

George Selwyn

François Coppée François Coppée François Edouard Joachim Coppée (26 January 1842 – 23 May 1908) was a French poet and novelist. Biography. Coppée was born in Paris to a civil servant. After attending the Lycée Saint-Louis he became a clerk in the ministry of war and won public favour as a poet of the Parnassian school. His first printed verses date from 1864. In 1869, his "Poème modernes" (among others "La Grève de forgerons") were quite successful. In the same year, Coppée's first play, "Le Passant", starring Sarah Bernhardt and Madame Agar, was received with approval at the Odéon theatre, and

François Coppée

later "Fais ce que dois" (1871) and "Les Bijoux de la délivrance" (1872), short poetic dramas inspired by the Franco-Prussian War, were applauded. After holding a post in the library of the senate, Coppée was chosen in 1878 as archivist of the Comédie Française, an office he held till 1884. In that year, his election to the Académie française caused him to retire from all public appointments. He was made an officer of the Legion of Honour in 1888. Coppée was famed as "le poète des humbles" (the poet of the humble). His verse and prose focus on plain

François Coppée

expressions of emotion, patriotism, the joy of young love, and the pitifulness of the poor. Coppée continued to write plays, mostly serious dramas in verse, two of which were composed in collaboration with Armand d'Artois. The performance of a short episode of the Commune, "Le Pater", was prohibited by the government in 1889. Coppée published his first prose work in 1875 and went on to publish short stories, an autobiography of his youth, a series of short articles on miscellaneous subjects, and "La Bonne Souffrance," a popular account of his reconversion to the Roman Catholic Church. His conversion was due

François Coppée

to a severe illness which twice brought him close to death. Coppée was also interested in public affairs, joining the most violent section of the Nationalist movement (while remaining contemptuous of the apparatus of democracy) and taking a leading part against Alfred Dreyfus in the Dreyfus affair. He was one of the founders of the Ligue de la patrie française, which originated in 1898 with three young academics, Louis Dausset, Gabriel Syveton and Henri Vaugeois, who wanted to show that Dreyfusism was not accepted by all at the University. They launched a petition that attacked Émile Zola and what many

François Coppée

saw as an internationalist, pacifist left-wing conspiracy. Charles Maurras gained the interest of the writer Maurice Barrès, and the movement gained the support of three eminent personalities: the geographer Marcel Dubois, the poet François Coppée and the critic and literature professor Jules Lemaître. Criticism. The poet Arthur Rimbaud, a young contemporary of Coppée, published numerous parodies of Coppée's poetry. Rimbaud's parodies were published in "L'Album Zutique" (in 1871? 1872?). Most of these poems parody the style ("chatty comfortable rhymes" that were "the delight of the enlightened bourgeois of the day") and form (alexandrine couplets arranged in ten

François Coppée

line verses) of some short poems by Coppée. Rimbaud published them under the name "François Coppée". The poet Lautréamont cited his "Grève de Forgerons" in the list of the "penpushers" to be absolutely ignored ("Poèsie, Part I"). ″Pour Toujours" (1892) François Coppée François Edouard Joachim Coppée (26 January 1842 – 23 May 1908) was a French poet and novelist. Biography. Coppée was born in Paris to a civil servant. After attending the Lycée Saint-Louis he became a clerk in the ministry of war and won public favour as a poet of the Parnassian school. His first printed verses date from

François Coppée

Stephan A. Hoeller Stephan A. Hoeller Stephan A. Hoeller is an American author, scholar, and neo-Gnostic bishop. Career. An author and scholar of Gnosticism and Jungian psychology, Hoeller is Regionary Bishop of Ecclesia Gnostica. Hoeller was ordained to the priesthood of the American Catholic Church by Bishop Lowell P. Wadle in 1958. He was consecrated to the Gnostic episcopate by Richard Duc de Palatine on April 9, 1967. Ronald Powell (who took the ecclesiastical name Richard Jean Chretien Duc de Palatine) had established a modern-day Gnostic church, the Pre-Nicene Gnostic Catholic Church, in England during the 1950s - de Palatine received

Stephan A. Hoeller

his successions from British independent prelate Hugh de Wilmott-Newman in 1953. After the death of Duc de Palatine in the 1970s, Hoeller abbreviated the church's name, in Latin form, to Ecclesia Gnostica. He has continued to serve as bishop of the Ecclesia Gnostica for over four decades. Hoeller has lectured in Australia, New Zealand, England, Sweden, Norway, Iceland, Hungary, Germany, and the United States. He is a former member of the lecturing faculty of the late Manly P. Hall's Philosophical Research Society, and a national speaker for the Theosophical Society in America. Since 1963 he has been

Stephan A. Hoeller

Director of Studies for the Gnostic Society centered in Los Angeles, where he has lectured every Friday evening for many decades. He was a frequent contributor to "Gnosis" magazine; and has also written for "Quest Magazine" and for many professional journals. He is Professor Emeritus of Comparative Religion at the College of Oriental Studies in Los Angeles, California. Stephan A. Hoeller Stephan A. Hoeller is an American author, scholar, and neo-Gnostic bishop. Career. An author and scholar of Gnosticism and Jungian psychology, Hoeller is Regionary Bishop of Ecclesia Gnostica. Hoeller was ordained to the priesthood of the American Catholic

Stephan A. Hoeller

Claude Joseph Dorat Claude Joseph Dorat Claude Joseph Dorat (31 December 1734 – 29 April 1780) was a French writer, also known as Le Chevalier Dorat. He was born in Paris, of a family consisting of generations of lawyers, and he joined the corps of the king's musketeers. He became fashionable for his work, "Réponse d'Abélard à Héloise" ("Abelard's Answer to Heloise"), and followed up this first success with a number of heroic epistles, "Les Victimes de l'amour, ou lettres de quelques amants célébres" (1776) ("Victims of Love, or Letters from some famous lovers"). Besides light verse he wrote comedies, fables and

Claude Joseph Dorat

, among other novels, "Les Sacrifices de lamour, ou lettres de la vicomtesse de Senanges et du chevalier de Versenay" (1771). He tried to cover his failures as a dramatist by buying up large numbers of seats for performances, and his books were lavishly illustrated by good artists and expensively produced, in order to secure their success. Nevertheless, he managed to attract hatred both of the "philosophe" party as well as of their arch-enemy, Charles Palissot de Montenoy, and thus cut himself off from the possibility of academic honours. "Le Tartufe littéraire" (1774) attacked La Harpe and Palissot, and at

Claude Joseph Dorat

the same time D'Alembert and Mlle de Lespinasse. Claude Joseph Dorat Claude Joseph Dorat (31 December 1734 – 29 April 1780) was a French writer, also known as Le Chevalier Dorat. He was born in Paris, of a family consisting of generations of lawyers, and he joined the corps of the king's musketeers. He became fashionable for his work, "Réponse d'Abélard à Héloise" ("Abelard's Answer to Heloise"), and followed up this first success with a number of heroic epistles, "Les Victimes de l'amour, ou lettres de quelques amants célébres" (1776) ("Victims of Love, or Letters from some famous lovers

Claude Joseph Dorat

V&S Group V&S Group V&S Group ("V&S Vin & Sprit AB"), founded in 1917, is an international producer and distributor of alcoholic beverages. The group is currently owned by Pernod Ricard. Headquartered in Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, the group employs approximately 2,500 people. Until 1994, the group had the position of a national alcohol monopoly for production and distribution, but this was abolished when Sweden joined the European Union in 1995. However, the Swedish alcohol retailing monopoly, operated by Systembolaget, is still in force. On March 31, 2008 it was announced that the Swedish government intended to sell V & S Group to

V&S Group

Pernod Ricard for 5.626 billion euro, corresponding to 55 billion Swedish kronor. The deal was approved and finalized on July 24, 2008 at an estimated value of 5.69 billion euro. The acronym "V&S" comes from the name "Vin & Sprit", literally meaning "Wine & Liquor." Organization and brands. V&S Group is divided into three main areas: Production and distribution. The production of the group's international spirits takes place in Sweden, Denmark, Great Britain, and St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Production of their local and regional spirits takes place primarily in Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Germany, and Poland. In Northern Europe, V&S Group

V&S Group

is the largest importer and distributor of wine. The group offers their own brands of wine and also produces brands by well-known international companies. Distribution in the Nordic area is primarily handled through the group's distribution centers in Sweden, Denmark, and Finland. V&S Group is represented by the subsidiary V&S Norway in Norway, by V&S Eesti in Estonia, and by the company V&S Luksusowa Zielona Góra in Poland. In the United States, distribution was handled by Future Brands, LLC, a joint-venture with Fortune Brands. In most other regions of the world, distribution was handled by Maxxium, which

V&S Group

was also partly owned by the group. Sales. About three-quarters of the group's sales come from spirits, whereas the remaining quarter comes from wine. Vodka is their largest selling spirit, in which Absolut holds the highest sales figures. Geographically, North America is the group's single biggest market, accounting for 43% of total sales in 2007. The Swedish market accounts for one-sixth (approximately 15%) of sales. As volume is concerned, the group sold 158.4 million liters of spirits and 83.7 million liters of wine, totaling 242.1 million liters of product. V&S Group V&S Group ("V&S Vin & Sprit

V&S Group

BBC Canada BBC Canada BBC Canada was a Canadian English language specialty channel that mostly broadcast television series originally produced by the BBC, the public-service broadcaster of the United Kingdom. The channel was owned by Corus Entertainment (80% & managing partner) and BBC Studios (20%). History. Alliance Atlantis (AAC) was granted a broadcast licence for a Category 2 speciality service covering "entertainment, drama and documentary programming". BBC Canada, by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) in November 2000. Alliance also received licenses for channels including National Geographic, IFC, and The Health Network, launched as Discovery Health. The channel was launched

BBC Canada

on 7 September 2001 as a joint venture between AAC and BBC Worldwide. To promote the launch of BBC Canada's 2007 fall season, a 16-page British-style tabloid insert called the "BBC Telly" was published in the "Toronto Star". Toronto-based Pilot PMR created the campaign. On 28 January 2008, a joint venture between Canwest and Goldman Sachs Capital Partners known as CW Media bought Alliance Atlantis and gained AAC's interest in BBC Canada. On 27 October 2010, the channel's ownership changed once again as Shaw Communications gained control of BBC Canada as a result of

BBC Canada

its acquisition of Canwest and Goldman Sachs' interest in CW Media. On 13 May 2011, BBC Canada was separated from the now-defunct children's channel BBC Kids due to its ownership changing hands to Knowledge Network. On 1 April 2016, Shaw Media was sold to Corus Entertainment. BBC Canada also earned several sister networks to go with the existing ones. In a notice to subscribers posted in early November 2020, Corus sister company Shaw Direct indicated that the channel would be shutting down on 31 December 2020. In March 2021, Blue Ant Media, a company owned by former Alliance

BBC Canada

Atlantis executive Michael MacMillan which already owns the Canadian version of BBC Earth, announced that its HIFI channel would be rebranded as a Canadian version of the BBC's international entertainment channel brand BBC First on March 16. Several programs that had been carried by BBC Canada prior to its closure, including "Top Gear" and "Antiques Roadshow", were picked up by BBC First. Programming. While BBC Canada was part-owned by the BBC, not all of the BBC's programmes aired on BBC Canada. In general, while BBC Worldwide and its affiliated operations have a "first look" at the corporation

BBC Canada

's output, this right only applies so long as BBC Worldwide pays no less than what the BBC Commercial Agency, which is at arm's length, judges to be a particular property's value. Furthermore, while BBC Canada served a similar purpose to the BBC America channel available in the United States, there are also significant differences between the programming rights owned by the two channels. This meant that much of the BBC's output (and, for that matter, BBC America's original programming) aired on other Canadian channels which have either co-produced the programmes or simply bid more

BBC Canada

for the Canadian broadcast rights. Conversely, many of the British series that did air on the channel are not sourced from the BBC, with some having originally been produced by or aired on other British channels, such as the privately owned ITV or the independent public-service broadcaster Channel 4. Despite its British focus, BBC Canada was licensed as a Canadian channel and was not exempt from the CRTC's broadcasting regulations that required it to carry a quota of Canadian content. This meant that in addition to British programmes, it also broadcast a number of Canadian series, which according

BBC Canada

to the channel's licence were required to "explore or [be] informed by Canada's relationship to the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth". Canadian programmes that aired on the channel included repeats of "Disaster DIY" and "Holmes Inspection". In the early 2010s, the channel began airing American series featuring British personalities, such as the American version of the Gordon Ramsay programme "Kitchen Nightmares" (it has also in the past carried the British parent series "Ramsay's Kitchen Nightmares"), and repeat airings of the American dramas "House" and "Elementary" (each of which has a British actor in the lead role). Many

BBC Canada

of the channel's programmes, whether British, American or Canadian, were shared with other Corus Entertainment channels such as the Global Television Network, Showcase, HGTV Canada and Food Network Canada. BBC Canada did not ordinarily carry BBC News programming, as the BBC World News channel is also widely available in Canada, and BBC News also has a long-standing content-sharing agreement with the CBC. On the rare occasions that BBC Canada did carry news coverage, coverage may have been produced by Corus-owned Global News instead of the BBC, such as with the wedding of Prince William and Catherine

BBC Canada

Middleton. BBC Canada HD. In October 2016, Corus Entertainment launched BBC Canada HD, a 1080i high definition simulcast of the standard definition feed. The HD feed was only available on Telus Optik TV and Shaw Direct. The HD simulcast was shut down on 31 December 2020. Related properties. Apart from the television channel, BBC Worldwide directly operates a BBC Canada Shop website which sells merchandise related to British television series such as "Top Gear", "Little Britain" and "Doctor Who". BBC Canada BBC Canada was a Canadian English language specialty channel that mostly broadcast television series originally produced by the BBC

BBC Canada

Jeanne Julie Éléonore de Lespinasse Jeanne Julie Éléonore de Lespinasse Jeanne Julie Éléonore de Lespinasse (9 November 1732 – 23 May 1776) was a French salon holder and letter writer. She held a prominent salon in Paris during the Enlightenment. She is best-known today, however, for her letters, first published in 1809, which offer compelling accounts of two tragic love affairs. Early life. Julie-Jeanne-Éléonore de Lespinasse was born in Lyon, the illegitimate daughter of Julie-Claude-Hilaire d’Albon, who was the sole heir of an old family. Her mother, who was married to the Comte d'Albon, separated from her husband at the time

Jeanne Julie Éléonore de Lespinasse

of her birth, and the baby was baptized as the daughter of two fictitious persons, 'Claude Lespinasse' and his wife 'Julie Navarre'. The mystery of who her father really was did not get cleared up until her first careful biographer, the Marquis de Ségur, established that she was the daughter of Gaspard de Vichy-Chamrond, whose sister, Marie Anne de Vichy-Chamrond, marquise du Deffand, ran a famous Paris salon. Looked down on for her poverty and illegitimate birth, Mlle de Lespinasse had an unhappy childhood marked by neglect. She acquired a basic education at a convent, but she was

Jeanne Julie Éléonore de Lespinasse

largely self-educated, an impressive feat given that she was later able to hold her own among France's top intellectuals. In 1754, Madame du Deffand, who recognized her niece's extraordinary gifts, persuaded her to come to Paris as her companion. The salons. Julie moved into Mme du Deffand's apartments in the Convent of St. Joseph, where Mme du Deffand's salon attracted diplomats, aristocrats, philosophers, and politicians. The relationship lasted ten years until 1764, when Mme du Deffand became jealous of the younger woman's increasing influence with the younger generation of salon attendees and a quarrel

Jeanne Julie Éléonore de Lespinasse