token
sequence
label
sequence
[ "ruled", "egypt", "bc", "cleopatra", "fell", "roman", "empire", "became", "roman", "province", "success", "ancient", "egyptian", "civilization", "came", "partly", "ability", "adapt", "conditions", "nile", "river", "valley", "agriculture", "predictable", "flooding", "controlled", "irrigation", "fertile", "valley", "produced", "surplus", "crops", "supported", "dense", "population", "social", "development", "culture", "resources", "spare", "administration", "sponsored", "mineral", "exploitation", "valley", "surrounding", "desert", "regions", "early", "development", "independent", "writing", "system", "organization", "collective", "construction", "agricultural", "projects", "trade", "surrounding" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "regions", "military", "intended", "assert", "egyptian", "dominance", "motivating", "organizing", "activities", "bureaucracy", "elite", "scribes", "religious", "leaders", "administrators", "control", "pharaoh", "ensured", "cooperation", "unity", "egyptian", "people", "context", "elaborate", "system", "religious", "beliefs", "many", "achievements", "ancient", "egyptians", "include", "quarrying", "surveying", "construction", "techniques", "supported", "building", "monumental", "pyramids", "temples", "obelisks", "system", "mathematics", "practical", "effective", "system", "medicine", "irrigation", "systems", "agricultural", "production", "techniques", "first", "known", "planked", "boats", "egyptian", "faience", "glass" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "technology", "new", "forms", "literature", "earliest", "known", "peace", "treaty", "made", "hittites", "ancient", "egypt", "left", "lasting", "legacy", "art", "architecture", "widely", "copied", "antiquities", "carried", "far", "corners", "world", "monumental", "ruins", "inspired", "imaginations", "travelers", "writers", "millennia", "newfound", "respect", "antiquities", "excavations", "early", "modern", "period", "europeans", "egyptians", "led", "scientific", "investigation", "egyptian", "civilization", "greater", "appreciation", "cultural", "legacy", "history", "bc", "nbsp", "bc", "nile", "lifeline", "region" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "much", "human", "history", "fertile", "floodplain", "nile", "gave", "humans", "opportunity", "develop", "settled", "agricultural", "economy", "sophisticated", "centralized", "society", "became", "cornerstone", "history", "human", "civilization", "nomadic", "modern", "human", "hunter", "gatherers", "began", "living", "nile", "valley", "end", "middle", "pleistocene", "years", "ago", "late", "paleolithic", "period", "arid", "climate", "northern", "africa", "became", "increasingly", "hot", "dry", "forcing", "populations", "area", "concentrate", "along", "river", "region", "predynastic", "period", "typical", "naqada", "ii", "jar", "decorated", "gazelles", "predynastic", "period", "predynastic" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "early", "dynastic", "times", "egyptian", "climate", "much", "less", "arid", "today", "large", "regions", "egypt", "covered", "treed", "savanna", "traversed", "herds", "grazing", "ungulates", "foliage", "fauna", "far", "prolific", "environs", "nile", "region", "supported", "large", "populations", "waterfowl", "hunting", "would", "common", "egyptians", "also", "period", "many", "animals", "first", "domesticated", "nbsp", "bc", "small", "tribes", "living", "nile", "valley", "developed", "series", "cultures", "demonstrating", "firm", "control", "agriculture", "animal", "husbandry", "identifiable", "pottery", "personal" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "items", "combs", "bracelets", "beads", "largest", "early", "cultures", "upper", "southern", "egypt", "badarian", "culture", "probably", "originated", "western", "desert", "known", "high", "quality", "ceramics", "stone", "tools", "use", "copper", "early", "tomb", "painting", "nekhen", "naqada", "possibly", "gerzeh", "culture", "badari", "followed", "naqada", "culture", "amratian", "naqada", "gerzeh", "naqada", "ii", "semainean", "naqada", "iii", "brought", "number", "technological", "improvements", "early", "naqada", "period", "predynastic", "egyptians", "imported", "obsidian", "ethiopia", "used", "shape", "blades", "objects" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "cultures", "eastern", "mediterranean", "near", "east", "east", "initiating", "period", "egypt", "mesopotamia", "relations", "naqada", "culture", "manufactured", "diverse", "selection", "material", "goods", "reflective", "increasing", "power", "wealth", "elite", "well", "societal", "personal", "use", "items", "included", "combs", "small", "statuary", "painted", "pottery", "high", "quality", "decorative", "stone", "vases", "cosmetic", "palettes", "jewelry", "made", "gold", "lapis", "ivory", "also", "developed", "ceramic", "glaze", "known", "faience", "used", "well", "roman", "period", "decorate", "cups", "amulets", "figurines", "last", "predynastic", "phase", "naqada", "culture", "began", "using", "written", "symbols" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "eventually", "developed", "full", "system", "hieroglyphs", "writing", "ancient", "egyptian", "language", "early", "dynastic", "period", "c", "bc", "early", "dynastic", "period", "approximately", "contemporary", "early", "sumerian", "akkadian", "civilisation", "mesopotamia", "ancient", "elam", "third", "centurybc", "egyptian", "priest", "manetho", "grouped", "long", "line", "kings", "menes", "time", "dynasties", "system", "still", "used", "today", "began", "official", "history", "king", "named", "meni", "menes", "greek", "believed", "united", "two", "kingdoms", "upper", "lower", "egypt", "narmer", "palette", "depicts", "unification" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "lucrative", "critical", "trade", "routes", "levant", "increasing", "power", "wealth", "kings", "early", "dynastic", "period", "reflected", "elaborate", "mastaba", "tombs", "mortuary", "cult", "structures", "abydos", "used", "celebrate", "deified", "king", "death", "strong", "institution", "kingship", "developed", "kings", "served", "legitimize", "state", "control", "land", "labour", "resources", "essential", "survival", "growth", "ancient", "egyptian", "civilization", "old", "kingdom", "bc", "major", "advances", "architecture", "art", "technology", "made", "old", "kingdom", "fueled", "increased" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "agricultural", "productivity", "resulting", "population", "made", "possible", "well", "developed", "central", "administration", "ancient", "egypt", "'s", "crowning", "achievements", "giza", "pyramids", "great", "sphinx", "constructed", "old", "kingdom", "direction", "vizier", "state", "officials", "collected", "taxes", "coordinated", "irrigation", "projects", "improve", "crop", "yield", "drafted", "peasants", "work", "construction", "projects", "established", "justice", "system", "maintain", "peace", "order", "khafre", "enthroned", "rising", "importance", "central", "administration", "egypt", "new", "class", "educated", "scribes", "officials", "arose", "granted", "estates", "king", "payment", "services", "kings", "also", "made", "land" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "grants", "mortuary", "cults", "local", "temples", "ensure", "institutions", "resources", "worship", "king", "death", "scholars", "believe", "five", "centuries", "practices", "slowly", "eroded", "economic", "vitality", "egypt", "economy", "could", "longer", "afford", "support", "large", "centralized", "administration", "power", "kings", "diminished", "regional", "governors", "called", "nomarchs", "began", "challenge", "supremacy", "office", "king", "coupled", "severe", "droughts", "bc", "believed", "caused", "country", "enter", "year", "period", "famine", "strife", "known" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "first", "intermediate", "period", "first", "intermediate", "period", "bc", "egypt", "'s", "central", "government", "collapsed", "end", "old", "kingdom", "administration", "could", "longer", "support", "stabilize", "country", "'s", "economy", "regional", "governors", "could", "rely", "king", "help", "times", "crisis", "ensuing", "food", "shortages", "political", "disputes", "escalated", "famines", "small", "scale", "civil", "wars", "yet", "despite", "difficult", "problems", "local", "leaders", "owing", "tribute", "king", "used", "new", "found", "independence", "establish", "thriving", "culture", "provinces", "control", "resources", "provinces", "became", "economically", "richer", "demonstrated" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "larger", "better", "burials", "among", "social", "classes", "bursts", "creativity", "provincial", "artisans", "adopted", "adapted", "cultural", "motifs", "formerly", "restricted", "royalty", "old", "kingdom", "scribes", "developed", "literary", "styles", "expressed", "optimism", "originality", "period", "free", "loyalties", "king", "local", "rulers", "began", "competing", "territorial", "control", "political", "power", "bc", "rulers", "herakleopolis", "controlled", "lower", "egypt", "north", "rival", "clan", "based", "thebes", "intef", "family", "took", "control", "upper", "egypt", "south", "intefs", "grew", "power", "expanded" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "control", "northward", "clash", "two", "rival", "dynasties", "became", "inevitable", "around", "bc", "northern", "theban", "forces", "nebhepetre", "mentuhotep", "ii", "finally", "defeated", "herakleopolitan", "rulers", "reuniting", "two", "lands", "inaugurated", "period", "economic", "cultural", "renaissance", "known", "middle", "kingdom", "middle", "kingdom", "bc", "amenemhat", "iii", "last", "great", "ruler", "middle", "kingdom", "kings", "middle", "kingdom", "restored", "country", "'s", "stability", "prosperity", "thereby", "stimulating", "resurgence", "art", "literature", "monumental", "building", "projects", "mentuhotep", "ii", "eleventh", "dynasty", "successors", "ruled", "thebes", "vizier", "amenemhat", "upon", "assuming", "kingship" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "beginning", "twelfth", "dynasty", "around", "bc", "shifted", "kingdom", "'s", "capital", "city", "itjtawy", "located", "faiyum", "itjtawy", "kings", "twelfth", "dynasty", "undertook", "far", "sighted", "land", "reclamation", "irrigation", "scheme", "increase", "agricultural", "output", "region", "moreover", "military", "reconquered", "territory", "nubia", "rich", "quarries", "gold", "mines", "laborers", "built", "defensive", "structure", "eastern", "delta", "called", "walls", "ruler", "defend", "foreign", "attack", "kings", "secured", "country", "militarily", "politically", "vast", "agricultural", "mineral", "wealth", "disposal" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "mining", "activities", "however", "combined", "severe", "nile", "floods", "later", "reign", "strained", "economy", "precipitated", "slow", "decline", "second", "intermediate", "period", "later", "thirteenth", "fourteenth", "dynasties", "decline", "canaanite", "settlers", "began", "assume", "greater", "control", "delta", "region", "eventually", "coming", "power", "egypt", "hyksos", "second", "intermediate", "period", "bc", "hyksos", "around", "bc", "power", "middle", "kingdom", "kings", "weakened", "western", "asian", "people", "called", "hyksos", "already", "settled", "delta", "seized", "control", "egypt", "established", "capital", "avaris" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "forcing", "former", "central", "government", "retreat", "thebes", "king", "treated", "vassal", "expected", "pay", "tribute", "hyksos", "foreign", "rulers", "retained", "egyptian", "models", "government", "identified", "kings", "thereby", "integrating", "egyptian", "elements", "culture", "invaders", "introduced", "new", "tools", "warfare", "egypt", "notably", "composite", "bow", "horse", "drawn", "chariot", "retreating", "south", "native", "theban", "kings", "found", "trapped", "canaanite", "hyksos", "ruling", "north", "hyksos'", "nubian", "allies", "kushites", "south", "years", "vassalage", "thebes", "gathered", "enough", "strength", "challenge", "hyksos" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "conflict", "lasted", "years", "bc", "kings", "seqenenre", "tao", "ii", "kamose", "ultimately", "able", "defeat", "nubians", "south", "egypt", "failed", "defeat", "hyksos", "task", "fell", "kamose", "'s", "successor", "ahmose", "successfully", "waged", "series", "campaigns", "permanently", "eradicated", "hyksos'", "presence", "egypt", "established", "new", "dynasty", "new", "kingdom", "followed", "military", "became", "central", "priority", "kings", "sought", "expand", "egypt", "'s", "borders", "attempted", "gain", "mastery", "near", "east", "new", "kingdom", "bc", "c" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "bc", "new", "kingdom", "pharaohs", "established", "period", "unprecedented", "prosperity", "securing", "borders", "strengthening", "diplomatic", "ties", "neighbours", "including", "mitanni", "empire", "assyria", "canaan", "military", "campaigns", "waged", "tuthmosis", "grandson", "tuthmosis", "iii", "extended", "influence", "pharaohs", "largest", "empire", "egypt", "ever", "seen", "beginning", "merneptah", "rulers", "egypt", "adopted", "title", "pharaoh", "reigns", "hatshepsut", "queen", "established", "pharaoh", "launched", "many", "building", "projects", "including", "restoration", "temples", "damaged", "hyksos", "sent", "trading", "expeditions", "punt", "sinai" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "tuthmosis", "iii", "died", "bc", "egypt", "empire", "extending", "niya", "north", "west", "syria", "fourth", "cataract", "nile", "nubia", "cementing", "loyalties", "opening", "access", "critical", "imports", "bronze", "wood", "new", "kingdom", "pharaohs", "began", "large", "scale", "building", "campaign", "promote", "god", "amun", "whose", "growing", "cult", "based", "karnak", "also", "constructed", "monuments", "glorify", "achievements", "real", "imagined", "karnak", "temple", "largest", "egyptian", "temple", "ever", "built", "around", "bc", "stability", "new", "kingdom", "threatened", "amenhotep", "iv", "ascended", "throne" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "instituted", "series", "radical", "chaotic", "reforms", "changing", "name", "akhenaten", "touted", "previously", "obscure", "sun", "deity", "aten", "supreme", "deity", "suppressed", "worship", "deities", "moved", "capital", "new", "city", "akhetaten", "modern", "day", "amarna", "devoted", "new", "religion", "artistic", "style", "death", "cult", "aten", "quickly", "abandoned", "traditional", "religious", "order", "restored", "subsequent", "pharaohs", "tutankhamun", "ay", "horemheb", "worked", "erase", "mention", "akhenaten", "'s", "heresy", "known", "amarna", "period", "four", "colossal", "statues", "ramesses", "ii", "flank" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "conjectured", "confederation", "seafarers", "aegean", "sea", "first", "coined", "french", "egyptologist", "g", "maspero", "somewhat", "misleading", "term", "sea", "peoples", "encompasses", "ethnonyms", "lukka", "sherden", "shekelesh", "teresh", "eqwesh", "denyen", "sikil", "tjekker", "weshesh", "peleset", "philistines", "footnote", "modern", "term", "sea", "peoples", "refers", "peoples", "appear", "several", "new", "kingdom", "egyptian", "texts", "originating", "islands", "use", "quotation", "marks", "association", "term", "sea", "peoples", "title", "intended", "draw", "attention", "problematic", "nature", "commonly", "used", "term", "noteworthy", "designation", "sea" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "temple", "amun", "thebes", "accumulated", "vast", "tracts", "land", "wealth", "expanded", "power", "splintered", "country", "third", "intermediate", "period", "third", "intermediate", "period", "bc", "following", "death", "ramesses", "xi", "bc", "smendes", "assumed", "authority", "northern", "part", "egypt", "ruling", "city", "tanis", "south", "effectively", "controlled", "high", "priests", "amun", "thebes", "recognized", "smendes", "name", "time", "libyans", "settling", "western", "delta", "chieftains", "settlers", "began", "increasing", "autonomy", "libyan", "princes", "took", "control", "delta" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "th", "dynasty", "pharaoh", "taharqa", "created", "empire", "nearly", "large", "new", "kingdom", "'s", "twenty", "fifth", "dynasty", "pharaohs", "built", "restored", "temples", "monuments", "throughout", "nile", "valley", "including", "memphis", "karnak", "kawa", "jebel", "barkal", "period", "nile", "valley", "saw", "first", "widespread", "construction", "pyramids", "many", "modern", "sudan", "since", "middle", "kingdom", "assyrian", "siege", "egyptian", "fortified", "city", "scene", "assyrian", "conquest", "egypt", "probably", "referring", "capture", "memphis", "bc", "sculpted", "bc", "ashurbanipal", "british", "museum", "egypt", "'s", "far", "reaching", "prestige", "declined", "considerably", "toward", "end" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "third", "intermediate", "period", "foreign", "allies", "fallen", "assyrian", "sphere", "influence", "bc", "war", "two", "states", "became", "inevitable", "bc", "assyrians", "began", "assyrian", "conquest", "egypt", "reigns", "taharqa", "successor", "tanutamun", "filled", "constant", "conflict", "assyrians", "egypt", "enjoyed", "several", "victories", "ultimately", "assyrians", "pushed", "kushites", "back", "nubia", "occupied", "memphis", "sacked", "temples", "thebes", "late", "period", "bc", "assyrians", "left", "control", "egypt", "series", "vassals", "became", "known", "saite", "kings" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "formal", "title", "pharaoh", "ruled", "egypt", "iran", "leaving", "egypt", "control", "satrap", "successful", "revolts", "persians", "marked", "th", "centurybc", "egypt", "never", "able", "permanently", "overthrow", "persians", "following", "annexation", "persia", "egypt", "joined", "cyprus", "phoenicia", "sixth", "satrapy", "achaemenid", "persian", "empire", "first", "period", "persian", "rule", "egypt", "also", "known", "twenty", "seventh", "dynasty", "ended", "bc", "egypt", "regained", "independence", "series", "native", "dynasties", "last", "dynasties", "thirtieth", "proved", "last", "native", "royal" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "house", "ancient", "egypt", "ending", "kingship", "nectanebo", "ii", "brief", "restoration", "persian", "rule", "sometimes", "known", "thirty", "first", "dynasty", "began", "bc", "shortly", "bc", "persian", "ruler", "mazaces", "handed", "egypt", "alexander", "great", "without", "fight", "ptolemaic", "period", "bc", "portrait", "ptolemy", "vi", "philometor", "wearing", "double", "crown", "egypt", "bc", "alexander", "great", "conquered", "egypt", "little", "resistance", "persians", "welcomed", "egyptians", "deliverer", "administration", "established", "alexander", "'s", "successors", "macedonian", "ptolemaic", "kingdom", "based", "egyptian", "model", "based" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "new", "capital", "city", "alexandria", "city", "showcased", "power", "prestige", "hellenistic", "rule", "became", "seat", "learning", "culture", "centered", "famous", "library", "alexandria", "lighthouse", "alexandria", "lit", "way", "many", "ships", "kept", "trade", "flowing", "city", "ptolemies", "made", "commerce", "revenue", "generating", "enterprises", "papyrus", "manufacturing", "top", "priority", "hellenistic", "culture", "supplant", "native", "egyptian", "culture", "ptolemies", "supported", "time", "honored", "traditions", "effort", "secure", "loyalty", "populace", "built", "new", "temples", "egyptian", "style", "supported", "traditional", "cults", "portrayed" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "pharaohs", "traditions", "merged", "greek", "egyptian", "gods", "syncretized", "composite", "deities", "serapis", "classical", "greek", "forms", "sculpture", "influenced", "traditional", "egyptian", "motifs", "despite", "efforts", "appease", "egyptians", "ptolemies", "challenged", "native", "rebellion", "bitter", "family", "rivalries", "powerful", "mob", "alexandria", "formed", "death", "ptolemy", "iv", "addition", "rome", "relied", "heavily", "imports", "grain", "egypt", "romans", "took", "great", "interest", "political", "situation", "country", "continued", "egyptian", "revolts", "ambitious", "politicians", "powerful", "opponents", "near", "east", "made", "situation" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "unstable", "leading", "rome", "send", "forces", "secure", "country", "province", "empire", "roman", "period", "bc", "ad", "fayum", "mummy", "portraits", "epitomize", "meeting", "egyptian", "roman", "cultures", "egypt", "became", "province", "roman", "empire", "bc", "following", "defeat", "mark", "antony", "ptolemaic", "queen", "cleopatra", "vii", "octavian", "later", "emperor", "augustus", "battle", "actium", "romans", "relied", "heavily", "grain", "shipments", "egypt", "roman", "army", "control", "prefect", "appointed", "emperor", "quelled", "rebellions", "strictly", "enforced", "collection", "heavy", "taxes", "prevented" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "attacks", "bandits", "become", "notorious", "problem", "period", "alexandria", "became", "increasingly", "important", "center", "trade", "route", "orient", "exotic", "luxuries", "high", "demand", "rome", "although", "romans", "hostile", "attitude", "greeks", "towards", "egyptians", "traditions", "mummification", "worship", "traditional", "gods", "continued", "art", "mummy", "portraiture", "flourished", "roman", "emperors", "depicted", "pharaohs", "though", "extent", "ptolemies", "former", "lived", "outside", "egypt", "perform", "ceremonial", "functions", "egyptian", "kingship", "local" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "administration", "became", "roman", "style", "closed", "native", "egyptians", "mid", "first", "century", "ad", "christianity", "took", "root", "egypt", "originally", "seen", "another", "cult", "could", "accepted", "however", "uncompromising", "religion", "sought", "win", "converts", "pagan", "egyptian", "greco", "roman", "religions", "threatened", "popular", "religious", "traditions", "led", "persecution", "converts", "christianity", "culminating", "great", "purges", "diocletian", "starting", "eventually", "christianity", "christian", "emperor", "theodosius", "introduced", "legislation", "banned", "pagan", "rites", "closed", "temples", "alexandria", "became", "scene", "great" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "anti", "pagan", "riots", "public", "private", "religious", "imagery", "destroyed", "consequence", "egypt", "'s", "native", "religious", "culture", "continually", "decline", "native", "population", "continued", "speak", "language", "ability", "read", "hieroglyphic", "writing", "slowly", "disappeared", "role", "egyptian", "temple", "priests", "priestesses", "diminished", "temples", "sometimes", "converted", "churches", "abandoned", "desert", "fourth", "century", "roman", "empire", "divided", "egypt", "found", "eastern", "empire", "capital", "constantinople", "waning", "years", "empire", "egypt", "fell", "sasanian", "persian", "army", "sasanian", "conquest" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "egypt", "recaptured", "byzantine", "emperor", "heraclius", "finally", "captured", "muslim", "rashidun", "army", "ending", "byzantine", "rule", "government", "economy", "administration", "commerce", "pharaoh", "usually", "depicted", "wearing", "symbols", "royalty", "power", "pharaoh", "absolute", "monarch", "country", "least", "theory", "wielded", "complete", "control", "land", "resources", "king", "supreme", "military", "commander", "head", "government", "relied", "bureaucracy", "officials", "manage", "affairs", "charge", "administration", "second", "command" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "vizier", "acted", "king", "'s", "representative", "coordinated", "land", "surveys", "treasury", "building", "projects", "legal", "system", "archives", "regional", "level", "country", "divided", "many", "administrative", "regions", "called", "nomes", "governed", "nomarch", "accountable", "vizier", "jurisdiction", "temples", "formed", "backbone", "economy", "places", "worship", "also", "responsible", "collecting", "storing", "kingdom", "'s", "wealth", "system", "granaries", "treasuries", "administered", "overseers", "redistributed", "grain", "goods", "much", "economy", "centrally", "organized" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "strictly", "controlled", "although", "ancient", "egyptians", "use", "coinage", "late", "period", "use", "type", "money", "barter", "system", "standard", "sacks", "grain", "'", "'deben''", "weight", "roughly", "copper", "silver", "forming", "common", "denominator", "workers", "paid", "grain", "simple", "laborer", "might", "earn", "nbsp", "sacks", "nbsp", "kg", "nbsp", "lb", "grain", "per", "month", "foreman", "might", "earn", "nbsp", "sacks", "nbsp", "kg", "nbsp", "lb", "prices", "fixed", "across", "country", "recorded", "lists", "facilitate", "trading", "example", "shirt", "cost", "five", "copper", "deben", "cow", "cost", "deben", "grain", "could" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "nobility", "priests", "physicians", "engineers", "specialized", "training", "field", "unclear", "whether", "slavery", "understood", "today", "existed", "ancient", "egypt", "difference", "opinions", "among", "authors", "punishment", "ancient", "egypt", "ancient", "egyptians", "viewed", "men", "women", "including", "people", "social", "classes", "essentially", "equal", "law", "even", "lowliest", "peasant", "entitled", "petition", "vizier", "court", "redress", "ref", "name", "ucjohnson", "ref", "although", "slaves", "mostly", "used", "indentured", "servants", "able", "buy", "sell", "servitude", "work", "way", "freedom", "nobility", "usually" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "treated", "doctors", "workplace", "men", "women", "right", "sell", "property", "make", "contracts", "marry", "divorce", "receive", "inheritance", "pursue", "legal", "disputes", "court", "married", "couples", "could", "property", "jointly", "protect", "divorce", "agreeing", "marriage", "contracts", "stipulated", "financial", "obligations", "husband", "wife", "children", "marriage", "end", "compared", "counterparts", "ancient", "greece", "rome", "even", "modern", "places", "around", "world", "ancient", "egyptian", "women", "greater", "range", "personal", "choices", "legal", "rights", "opportunities", "achievement", "women", "hatshepsut" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "cleopatra", "vii", "even", "became", "pharaohs", "others", "wielded", "power", "divine", "wives", "amun", "despite", "freedoms", "ancient", "egyptian", "women", "often", "take", "part", "official", "roles", "administration", "aside", "royal", "high", "priestesses", "apparently", "served", "secondary", "roles", "temples", "much", "data", "many", "dynasties", "likely", "educated", "men", "ref", "name", "ucjohnson", "legal", "system", "seated", "scribe", "saqqara", "fifth", "dynasty", "egypt", "scribes", "elite", "well", "educated", "assessed", "taxes", "kept", "records", "responsible", "administration", "head", "legal", "system", "officially" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "pharaoh", "responsible", "enacting", "laws", "delivering", "justice", "maintaining", "law", "order", "concept", "ancient", "egyptians", "referred", "ma'at", "although", "legal", "codes", "ancient", "egypt", "survive", "court", "documents", "show", "egyptian", "law", "based", "common", "sense", "view", "right", "wrong", "emphasized", "reaching", "agreements", "resolving", "conflicts", "rather", "strictly", "adhering", "complicated", "set", "statutes", "ref", "name", "ucjohnson", "local", "councils", "elders", "known", "''kenbet''", "new", "kingdom", "responsible", "ruling", "court", "cases", "involving", "small", "claims", "minor", "disputes", "serious", "cases", "involving", "murder", "major", "land", "transactions", "tomb", "robbery" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "referred", "''great", "kenbet''", "vizier", "pharaoh", "presided", "plaintiffs", "defendants", "expected", "represent", "required", "swear", "oath", "told", "truth", "cases", "state", "took", "role", "prosecutor", "judge", "could", "torture", "accused", "beatings", "obtain", "confession", "names", "co", "conspirators", "whether", "charges", "trivial", "serious", "court", "scribes", "documented", "complaint", "testimony", "verdict", "case", "future", "reference", "punishment", "minor", "crimes", "involved", "either", "imposition", "fines", "beatings", "facial", "mutilation" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "exile", "depending", "severity", "offense", "serious", "crimes", "murder", "tomb", "robbery", "punished", "execution", "carried", "decapitation", "drowning", "impaling", "criminal", "stake", "punishment", "could", "also", "extended", "criminal", "'s", "family", "beginning", "new", "kingdom", "oracles", "played", "major", "role", "legal", "system", "dispensing", "justice", "civil", "criminal", "cases", "procedure", "ask", "god", "yes", "question", "concerning", "right", "wrong", "issue", "god", "carried", "number", "priests", "rendered", "judgement", "choosing", "one", "moving" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "forward", "backward", "pointing", "one", "answers", "written", "piece", "papyrus", "ostracon", "agriculture", "nakht", "menna", "thebes", "eighteenth", "dynasty", "combination", "favorable", "geographical", "features", "contributed", "success", "ancient", "egyptian", "culture", "important", "rich", "fertile", "soil", "resulting", "annual", "inundations", "nile", "river", "ancient", "egyptians", "thus", "able", "produce", "abundance", "food", "allowing", "population", "devote", "time", "resources", "cultural", "technological", "artistic", "pursuits", "land", "management", "crucial", "ancient", "egypt", "taxes", "assessed", "based", "amount" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "land", "person", "owned", "farming", "egypt", "dependent", "cycle", "nile", "river", "egyptians", "recognized", "three", "seasons", "''akhet''", "flooding", "''peret''", "planting", "''shemu''", "harvesting", "flooding", "season", "lasted", "june", "september", "depositing", "river", "'s", "banks", "layer", "mineral", "rich", "silt", "ideal", "growing", "crops", "floodwaters", "receded", "growing", "season", "lasted", "october", "february", "farmers", "plowed", "planted", "seeds", "fields", "irrigated", "ditches", "canals", "egypt", "received", "little", "rainfall", "farmers", "relied", "nile", "water", "crops", "march", "may", "farmers", "used", "sickles" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "harvest", "crops", "threshed", "flail", "separate", "straw", "grain", "winnowing", "removed", "chaff", "grain", "grain", "ground", "flour", "brewed", "make", "beer", "stored", "later", "use", "ancient", "egyptians", "cultivated", "emmer", "barley", "several", "cereal", "grains", "used", "make", "two", "main", "food", "staples", "bread", "beer", "flax", "plants", "uprooted", "started", "flowering", "grown", "fibers", "stems", "fibers", "split", "along", "length", "spun", "thread", "used" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "force", "fed", "dough", "fatten", "nile", "provided", "plentiful", "source", "fish", "bees", "also", "domesticated", "least", "old", "kingdom", "provided", "honey", "wax", "ancient", "egyptians", "used", "donkeys", "oxen", "beasts", "burden", "responsible", "plowing", "fields", "trampling", "seed", "soil", "slaughter", "fattened", "ox", "also", "central", "part", "offering", "ritual", "horses", "introduced", "hyksos", "second", "intermediate", "period", "camels", "although", "known", "new", "kingdom", "used", "beasts", "burden", "late", "period" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "also", "evidence", "suggest", "elephants", "briefly", "utilized", "late", "period", "largely", "abandoned", "due", "lack", "grazing", "land", "cats", "dogs", "monkeys", "common", "family", "pets", "exotic", "pets", "imported", "heart", "africa", "sub", "saharan", "african", "lions", "reserved", "royalty", "herodotus", "observed", "egyptians", "people", "keep", "animals", "houses", "late", "period", "worship", "gods", "animal", "form", "extremely", "popular", "cat", "goddess", "bastet", "ibis", "god", "thoth", "animals", "kept" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "maps", "known", "gold", "mine", "region", "wadi", "hammamat", "notable", "source", "granite", "greywacke", "gold", "flint", "first", "mineral", "collected", "used", "make", "tools", "flint", "handaxes", "earliest", "pieces", "evidence", "habitation", "nile", "valley", "nodules", "mineral", "carefully", "flaked", "make", "blades", "arrowheads", "moderate", "hardness", "durability", "even", "copper", "adopted", "purpose", "ancient", "egyptians", "among", "first", "use", "minerals", "sulfur", "cosmetic", "substances", "egyptians", "worked", "deposits", "lead", "ore", "galena", "gebel", "rosas" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "make", "net", "sinkers", "plumb", "bobs", "small", "figurines", "copper", "important", "metal", "toolmaking", "ancient", "egypt", "smelted", "furnaces", "malachite", "ore", "mined", "sinai", "workers", "collected", "gold", "washing", "nuggets", "sediment", "alluvial", "deposits", "labor", "intensive", "process", "grinding", "washing", "gold", "bearing", "quartzite", "iron", "deposits", "found", "upper", "egypt", "utilized", "late", "period", "high", "quality", "building", "stones", "abundant", "egypt", "ancient", "egyptians", "quarried", "limestone", "along", "nile", "valley", "granite", "aswan", "basalt", "sandstone", "wadis", "eastern", "desert" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "deposits", "decorative", "stones", "porphyry", "greywacke", "alabaster", "carnelian", "dotted", "eastern", "desert", "collected", "even", "first", "dynasty", "ptolemaic", "roman", "periods", "miners", "worked", "deposits", "emeralds", "wadi", "sikait", "amethyst", "wadi", "el", "hudi", "trade", "hatshepsut", "'s", "trading", "expedition", "land", "punt", "ancient", "egyptians", "engaged", "trade", "foreign", "neighbors", "obtain", "rare", "exotic", "goods", "found", "egypt", "predynastic", "period", "established", "trade", "nubia", "obtain", "gold", "incense", "also", "established", "trade", "palestine", "evidenced", "palestinian", "style", "oil", "jugs", "found", "burials" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "first", "dynasty", "pharaohs", "egyptian", "colony", "stationed", "southern", "canaan", "dates", "slightly", "first", "dynasty", "narmer", "egyptian", "pottery", "produced", "canaan", "exported", "back", "egypt", "second", "dynasty", "latest", "ancient", "egyptian", "trade", "byblos", "yielded", "critical", "source", "quality", "timber", "found", "egypt", "fifth", "dynasty", "trade", "punt", "provided", "gold", "aromatic", "resins", "ebony", "ivory", "wild", "animals", "monkeys", "baboons", "egypt", "relied", "trade", "anatolia", "essential", "quantities", "tin", "well", "supplementary", "supplies", "copper", "metals", "necessary", "manufacture" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "bronze", "ancient", "egyptians", "prized", "blue", "stone", "lapis", "lazuli", "imported", "far", "away", "afghanistan", "egypt", "'s", "mediterranean", "trade", "partners", "also", "included", "greece", "crete", "provided", "among", "goods", "supplies", "olive", "oil", "language", "historical", "development", "egyptian", "language", "northern", "afro", "asiatic", "language", "closely", "related", "berber", "semitic", "languages", "second", "longest", "known", "history", "language", "sumerian", "written", "c", "bc", "middle", "ages", "remaining", "spoken", "language", "longer", "phases", "ancient", "egyptian", "old", "egyptian", "middle", "egyptian", "classical", "egyptian", "late", "egyptian", "demotic" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "coptic", "egyptian", "writings", "show", "dialect", "differences", "coptic", "probably", "spoken", "regional", "dialects", "around", "memphis", "later", "thebes", "ancient", "egyptian", "synthetic", "language", "became", "analytic", "later", "late", "egyptian", "developed", "prefixal", "definite", "indefinite", "articles", "replaced", "older", "inflectional", "suffixes", "change", "older", "verb", "subject", "object", "word", "order", "subject", "verb", "object", "egyptian", "hieroglyphic", "hieratic", "demotic", "scripts", "eventually", "replaced", "phonetic", "coptic", "alphabet", "coptic", "still", "used", "liturgy", "egyptian", "orthodox", "church", "traces", "found", "modern", "egyptian" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "arabic", "sounds", "grammar", "ancient", "egyptian", "consonants", "similar", "afro", "asiatic", "languages", "include", "pharyngeal", "emphatic", "consonants", "voiced", "voiceless", "stops", "voiceless", "fricatives", "voiced", "voiceless", "affricates", "three", "long", "three", "short", "vowels", "expanded", "late", "egyptian", "nine", "basic", "word", "egyptian", "similar", "semitic", "berber", "triliteral", "biliteral", "root", "consonants", "semiconsonants", "suffixes", "added", "form", "words", "verb", "conjugation", "corresponds", "person", "example", "triconsonantal", "skeleton", "''''''", "semantic", "core", "word", "'hear'", "basic", "conjugation" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
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[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "cursive", "form", "writing", "called", "hieratic", "quicker", "easier", "formal", "hieroglyphs", "may", "read", "rows", "columns", "either", "direction", "though", "typically", "written", "right", "left", "hieratic", "always", "written", "right", "left", "usually", "horizontal", "rows", "new", "form", "writing", "demotic", "became", "prevalent", "writing", "style", "form", "writing", "along", "formal", "hieroglyphs", "accompany", "greek", "text", "rosetta", "stone", "around", "first", "century", "ad", "coptic", "alphabet", "started", "used", "alongside", "demotic", "script", "coptic", "modified", "greek", "alphabet", "addition", "demotic" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "signs", "although", "formal", "hieroglyphs", "used", "ceremonial", "role", "fourth", "century", "towards", "end", "small", "handful", "priests", "could", "still", "read", "traditional", "religious", "establishments", "disbanded", "knowledge", "hieroglyphic", "writing", "mostly", "lost", "attempts", "decipher", "date", "byzantine", "islamic", "periods", "egypt", "discovery", "rosetta", "stone", "years", "research", "thomas", "young", "jean", "fran", "ois", "champollion", "hieroglyphs", "substantially", "deciphered", "literature", "writing", "first", "appeared", "association", "kingship", "labels", "tags", "items", "found", "royal", "tombs" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "primarily", "occupation", "scribes", "worked", "''per", "ankh''", "institution", "house", "life", "latter", "comprised", "offices", "libraries", "called", "house", "books", "laboratories", "observatories", "best", "known", "pieces", "ancient", "egyptian", "literature", "pyramid", "coffin", "texts", "written", "classical", "egyptian", "continued", "language", "writing", "bc", "late", "egyptian", "spoken", "new", "kingdom", "onward", "represented", "ramesside", "administrative", "documents", "love", "poetry", "tales", "well", "demotic", "coptic", "texts", "period", "tradition", "writing", "evolved" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "new", "kingdom", "vernacular", "language", "often", "employed", "write", "popular", "pieces", "like", "story", "wenamun", "instruction", "former", "tells", "story", "noble", "robbed", "way", "buy", "cedar", "lebanon", "struggle", "return", "egypt", "bc", "narrative", "stories", "instructions", "popular", "instructions", "onchsheshonqy", "well", "personal", "business", "documents", "written", "demotic", "script", "phase", "egyptian", "many", "stories", "written", "demotic", "greco", "roman", "period", "set", "previous", "historical", "eras", "egypt" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "independent", "nation", "ruled", "great", "pharaohs", "ramesses", "ii", "culture", "daily", "life", "ostrakon", "hunting", "lion", "spear", "dog", "lower", "class", "occupations", "ancient", "egyptians", "farmers", "tied", "land", "dwellings", "restricted", "immediate", "family", "members", "constructed", "mudbrick", "designed", "remain", "cool", "heat", "day", "home", "kitchen", "open", "roof", "contained", "grindstone", "milling", "grain", "small", "oven", "baking", "bread", "ceramics", "served", "household", "wares", "storage", "preparation", "transport", "consumption", "food", "drink", "raw", "materials", "walls" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "painted", "white", "could", "covered", "dyed", "linen", "wall", "hangings", "floors", "covered", "reed", "mats", "wooden", "stools", "beds", "raised", "floor", "individual", "tables", "comprised", "furniture", "egyptians", "celebrated", "feasts", "festivals", "accompanied", "music", "dance", "ancient", "egyptians", "placed", "great", "value", "hygiene", "appearance", "bathed", "nile", "used", "pasty", "soap", "made", "animal", "fat", "chalk", "men", "shaved", "entire", "bodies", "cleanliness", "perfumes", "aromatic", "ointments", "covered", "bad", "odors", "soothed", "skin", "clothing", "made", "simple", "linen", "sheets", "bleached", "white", "men" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
[ "women", "upper", "classes", "wore", "wigs", "jewelry", "cosmetics", "children", "went", "without", "clothing", "maturity", "age", "age", "males", "circumcised", "heads", "shaved", "mothers", "responsible", "taking", "care", "children", "father", "provided", "family", "'s", "income", "music", "dance", "popular", "entertainments", "could", "afford", "early", "instruments", "included", "flutes", "harps", "instruments", "similar", "trumpets", "oboes", "pipes", "developed", "later", "became", "popular", "new", "kingdom", "egyptians", "played", "bells", "cymbals", "tambourines", "drums", "imported", "lutes", "lyres", "asia", "sistrum" ]
[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
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[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
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[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
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[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
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[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
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[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
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[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
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[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
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[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
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[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
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[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
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[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
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[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
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[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
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[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
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[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
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[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
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[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
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[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
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[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
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[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]
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[ "Humanities", "History", "Ancient history", "Ancient Egypt" ]