Datasets:

pszemraj

/

flan-subsets-deduped

like 3

Definition: In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision. Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. The four incorrect answers are other holding statements. You should find the correct option. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted. Input: to arbitrate is not as broad and expansive as defendants contend. Although I recognize that generally agreements to arbitrate should be broadly construed to effectuate the purpose behind the Federal Arbitration Act, 9 U.S.C. 1, et seq., nevertheless, the parties can only be compelled to arbitrate a dispute if in fact they agreed to do so. The necessary inquiry then is whether in fact the parties before the court agreed to arbitrate the dispute contained in this lawsuit. See Volt Information Sciences, Inc. v. Board of Trustees of Leland Stanford Junior University, 489 U.S. 468, 478, 109 S.Ct. 1248, 103 L.Ed.2d 488 (1989) ("the FAA does not require parties to arbitrate when they have not agreed to do so"); State of N.Y. v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York, 90 F.3d 58, 62 (2d. Cir.1996) (<HOLDING>); see also Oldroyd v. Elmira Savings Bank, Holding statements: (A) holding that claim was not subject to mandatory arbi tration because the parties specifically excluded it from the general arbitration clause (B) holding that whether in federal or state court a challenge to the validity of the contract as a whole and not specifically to the arbitration clause within it must go to the arbitrator and not the court (C) holding that because a valid arbitration clause existed the parties had to arbitrate all disputes when the subject matter of the dispute has a reasonable relationship to the subject matter of the contract (D) holding that a mandatory arbitration clause does not preclude litigating a federal statutory claim (E) holding that the analogy to arbi tration agreement is not persuasive in part because the principal feature of an arbitration agreement is that the contracting parties agree they will not submit their controversy to a court of law in the first instance Output:

(A)

fc-sni-casehold

572c382d0bc8d4bfa1ea2efa52ae925caffca6272739747f1956040947c0d71e

In this task, you will be shown an extract from a movie plot. You need to read the extract and create questions that can be answered from the extract. Once you create a question you also need to provide the correct answer for it. Write your answer like "Question: your question, Answer: your answer". The questions should be well-formed and grammatically correct. The questions should be completely answerable from the given passage and should not require any external knowledge. Subjective questions are not allowed. Short answers containing words that are present in the passage are preferred. Create questions that result in factoid answers. A simple rule of thumb to decide whether a question is a factoid or not is to see if two different people with average reading/comprehension skills would come up with the same answer after reading the passage. One example is below. Q: Twenty-year-old Will Hunting of South Boston is a self-taught, genius-level intellect, though he works as a janitor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and spends his free time drinking with his friends, Chuckie (Ben Affleck), Billy (Cole Hauser) and Morgan (Casey Affleck). When Professor Gerald Lambeau (Stellan Skarsgard) posts a difficult mathematics problem as a challenge for his graduate students, Will solves the problem anonymously, stunning both the graduate students and Lambeau himself. As a challenge to the unknown genius, Lambeau posts an even more difficult problem. Lambeau chances upon Will solving the problem but Will flees the scene. That night at a bar, Will meets Skylar (Minnie Driver), a British student about to graduate from Harvard, who plans on attending medical school at Stanford and gives Will her phone number before leaving. A: Question: How old is Will Hunting in the movie ?, Answer: Twenty years Rationale: This is a good question which results in a factoid answer, and the answer is correct too. Q: Maurice Faugel, just released from prison after serving a six-year sentence, meets a friend, Gilbert, who is appraising the value of jewels from a recent heist. Maurice is planning a robbery the next day with two accomplices, Silien and Remy. Maurice kills Gilbert with Gilbert's own gun and steals the jewels as well as a large sum of money. It is later revealed that Gilbert killed Maurice's girlfriend Arlette to keep her from informing the police when Maurice was sent to prison six years prior. Maurice leaves the house just as Nuttheccio and Armand, prominent gangsters, arrive to collect the loot. Maurice buries the jewels, money, and gun under a lamppost.Maurice spends the evening at his girlfriend Therese's apartment. Silien arrives the next day with Maurice's friend Jean to deliver equipment for the robbery that evening. When Silien leaves, he uses a payphone to call Inspector Salignari.That evening, Maurice and Remy leave to rob a home in affluent Neuilly. Meanwhile, Silien comes to Therese's apartment, then beats her and ties her to a wall radiator, demanding to know the address of the robbery. The police arrive at the robbery. Inspector Salignari corners Maurice and Remy, fatally shooting Remy. Maurice and Salignari shoot at one another; Maurice is hit in the shoulder, and Salignari is killed. Maurice leaves the gun in Remy's hand and continues to run away. He passes out just before a car pulls up to the curb.Maurice wakes up in Jean's apartment, but neither Maurice nor Jean's wife Anita know who brought him there. Maurice resolves to find Silien, who he believes informed the police. He leaves Anita with a diagram showing where he buried the jewels, money, and gun, telling her to give it to Jean if something happens to him.Because the police know that Silien called Salignari, they assume he has information on the botched robbery. They question him, hoping to get the name of Remy's accomplice, but Silien tells them he wasn't the informant. He mentions that he hopes to get out of the criminal underworld and live in a house he has built in Ponthierry. It is revealed that the car that rescued Maurice has been found wrecked, with Therese's body inside.The police also suspect Maurice for the murder of Gilbert. They threaten to falsely implicate Silien in a drug case unless he helps them find Maurice. Silien complies and Maurice is found. Maurice claims that Gilbert was killed while Maurice was in another room of the house. The police offer to let him go if he has information on the robbery in Neuilly, but Maurice claims he has no information. He is jailed, where he meets a prisoner named Kern.Silien finds the buried jewels, money, and gun beneath the lamppost. He visits Nuttheccio's club and speaks to Fabienne, a former girlfriend. He offers to get her out of her relationship with Nuttheccio if she will testify that Nuttheccio and Armand killed Gilbert. She agrees. Silien kills Nuttheccio and plants the jewels in his safe, while Fabienne calls Armand to tell him Nuttheccio has found the stolen jewels and wants to see him. When Armand arrives, Silien kills him, staging the scene to make it look like they killed one another.With Nuttheccio and Armand dead and framed for Gilbert's murder, Maurice is released from prison. He still believes that Silien informed on him, so Jean and Silien reveal that Silien was not the informant and had in fact been maneuvering to get Maurice out of prison. Though Silien was a friend of Salignari, he did not inform him of the robbery. However, he recognized Therese as one of Salignari's informants. The night of the robbery, Silien called Salignari to invite him to dinner, and Salignari revealed that he would be arresting two burglars in Neuilly. Silien got the address from Therese and went to Neuilly to avert a disaster. He arrived in time to pick up Maurice and take him to Jean's apartment.Silien announces that he will be moving in with Fabienne at his home in Ponthierry, and that he is going there now. However, while in prison, Maurice arranged for his cellmate Kern to kill Silien, promising the money he stole from Gilbert in exchange. Kern is waiting at Silien's home, and Maurice rushes there to tell him that the hit is off.Maurice manages to arrive in Ponthierry before Silien but Kern shoots him, apparently mistaking him for Silien. When Silien arrives, he sees Maurice's body on the ground. With his dying breath, Maurice warns him that someone is waiting behind a partition. Silien shoots at the screen, killing Kern, but Silien is also fatally shot. A:

Question: What is Nuttheccio?, Answer: prominent gangsters

fc-sni-duorc

289d680eaef0502a2254d1a9b46dd83778abfdd28c9a73ccc2546aff3694da6f

Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage. Context: Is a perioperative metastatic screening programme indicated in patients presenting with primary operable breast cancer and no signs of distant metastases?', 'The impact of staging results (chest X-ray, bone scanning, liver ultrasound) for prognosis, treatment, quality of life and costs was retrospectively analysed in 1 076 patients with an operable breast cancer and no clinical signs of metastases.', 'Staging examinations revealed 30 (2.8 %) distant metastases, 130 (12.1 %) suspect findings and excluded metastases in 916 (85.1 %) patients. Further diagnostic procedures confirmed distant metastases in 7 (5.4 %) and excluded them in 123 (94.6 %) out of 130 patients with suspect findings. Distant metastases were detected more frequently with increasing tumor size (pT < or = 2.0 cm: 1.6 %, pT 2.1-5.0 cm: 3.0 %, respectively pT > 5.0 cm: 15.1 %; p < 0.001) and increasing number of involved axillary lymph nodes (pN0: 1.4 %, pN1-3 +: 1.8 %, pN4-9 +: 4.0 %, pN > 10 +: 12.5 %; p < 0.001). Due to false positive findings 123 (11.4 %) patients had to live for a significant period of time with the psychological distress of suspected metastatic disease. The abandonment of a perioperative screening in 1 076 patients saves costs of at least euro 259,366.68. Answer: In breast cancer patients without clinical signs of tumor spread perioperative screening for metastases is not warranted because of low frequency of metastases, false positive findings, missing therapeutic consequences and high costs.

Is [ A perioperative screening for metastatic disease indicated in patients with primary breast cancer and no clinical signs of tumor spread ]?

fc-sni-pubmed_qa

5dadeeb1b30681118b5fcfdb1cbc53036768336d4c7230e4debe824aeba98fde

TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a context paragraph of the tweet and question. Your task is to generate right answer of given question based on given context tweet paragraph. PROBLEM: Context: When you walk down the street and see your ex 9GAG (@9GAG) February 2, 2015 Question: what do you see SOLUTION: your ex PROBLEM: Context: 'THE BIG BANG THEORY' pays tribute to Leonard Nimoy by ending its latest episode with the following image & caption: Superhero Feed (@SuperheroFeed) March 6, 2015 Question: what show pays tribute to leonard nimoy? SOLUTION: the big bang theory PROBLEM: Context: Enough with the slanderous attacks. @SenJohnMcCain and all our veterans - particularly POWs have earned our respect and admiration. Jeb Bush (@JebBush) July 18, 2015 Question: how were the attacks described by jeb bush? SOLUTION:

slanderous.

fc-sni-tweetqa

9e4510eb529ec5aea61c59224632aac54ea3a8853b397391df46336b7713b57e

In this task you are given a small conversation between two persons and 4 options on how the conversation should continue. Your job is to choose the most reasonable option. The conversation and the options are separated by a newline character. Each dialogue in the conversation are separated by a comma. F and M indicate female and male, respectively. M: Guess who I met in the street? Michelle. ,F: Michelle, my old school friend. I thought she was teaching English in China. ,M: Yes, she came back yesterday because her father fell off the stairs and broke his right leg. ,F: Oh, poor uncle Jack. Did George come back, too? ,M: No, he had to stay and take care of their 7 year old daughter. ,F: How long will she stay here this time? ,M: About a week and she said she would come and visit us tomorrow morning. ,F: Great. But I think we should go to the hospital to see uncle Jack first. (A) M: I didn't hear you. Please could you tell me again? (B) M: Michelle plans to see us before leaving for China next month, so we have time. (C) M: OK. Michelle will visit us tomorrow morning with George and their 7-year old kid. (D) M: But Michelle is coming to see us today in a moment later, so there's little time.

A

fc-sni-mutual

0b4ce4bd012d4e30c986840985bfdf0c4de524df6b87bd0eb097e0b0df7b6af7

You will be given three sentences. Read them, then identify a noun phrase (person, place, or thing) or event that is shared between all three sentences. As the output, write the span of the text corresponding to that phrase in each sentence. Keep the order of the sentences, that is, your answer should look like: 1: *a phras from sentence 1e* 2: *a phras from sentence 2* 3: *a phrase from sentence 3* Ex Input: 1: It may help scientists better understand why Yellowstone 's previous eruptions , in prehistoric times , were some of Earth 's largest explosions in the last few million years . 2: Volcanic activity triggers 2,000 to 3,000 small earthquakes per year , and the shake and shock waves travel at different speeds through molten , hot and other rock . 3: Scientist measured the thousands of small earthquakes in Yellowstone to scan the earth underneath it . Ex Output: 1: Yellowstone 's previous eruptions 2: 2,000 to 3,000 small earthquakes per year 3: small earthquakes in Yellowstone Ex Input: 1: Through an emission of sound waves , sensations are projected through the air and to the user . 2: What you 're feeling , what sort of pressure , the tactile sensation given by an object or surface . 3: A tactile sensation is provided by ultrasonic waves , which alter air pressure . Ex Output: 1: sensations 2: the tactile sensation given by an object or surface 3: A tactile sensation Ex Input: 1: The fight for voting rights was just beginning . 2: One thing not right on the 50th anniversary of the Selma marches is the sad fact that the Edmund Pettus Bridge has n't been renamed the John Lewis Bridge . 3: Douglas Brinkley : Site where voting rights battle was fought should be named for John Lewis . Ex Output:

1: The fight for voting rights 2: the Selma marches 3: voting rights battle

fc-sni-points_of_correspondence

f97b1181e81ff8bd8d79d464a79caa67e5be053e9302b1dd2abc8ffeeff551f2

Detailed Instructions: In this task, the input is a set of dialogues between a user and an assistant. You need to find the dialogue that is basically a response given to a question or an aspect of the user. Q: How small is the population? I'm not sure about that, but I can tell you that Nauru has no official capital but its biggest city is Yaren. Lower courts in Nauru consist of the District Court and the Family Court, both of which are run by a Resident Magistrate who is also the Registrar of the Supreme Court. No capital, I didn't know that. What can you tell me about the economy? Do you have anymore information on the politics there? A:

Lower courts in Nauru consist of the District Court and the Family Court, both of which are run by a Resident Magistrate who is also the Registrar of the Supreme Court.

fc-sni-curiosity_dialogs

1068516c02927e25d5b5830bccdd69c523f5eedd056c4e749e5f5440a0deb64a

In this task, you're given a story (which contains five sentences only). Your task is to find all the characters which are available in the given story. Sentence1: It was a Sunday morning and I wanted to visit the beach. Sentence2: I took the train to get to my destination. Sentence3: When I arrived I swam in the ocean. Sentence4: Afterwards I tanned in the sand. Sentence5: I finally went home when it started to get dark outside.

I (myself)

fc-sni-storycommonsense

b5a7d2235c76d9bad095a34a774bd0db2a026e07f77200a7af45d2eb190e3919

You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task. In this task, you are given a review of movie. Your task is to classify given movie review into two categories: 1) positive, and 2) negative based on its content. For a movie that gets no respect there sure are a lot of memorable quotes listed for this gem. Imagine a movie where Joe Piscopo is actually funny! Maureen Stapleton is a scene stealer. The Moroni character is an absolute scream. Watch for Alan The Skipper Hale jr. as a police Sgt. Solution: positive Why? There is an expression of appreciation in this movie review, hence we can say it's positive. New input: I saw this movie the first time at about twelve o'clock on a Saturday evening. It really is the perfect time for this one. I have never, EVER seen a movie that was actually more predictable and drenched with stereotypes. If you want to see a thrilling action movie, don't watch it because you might lose the will to live halfway through. However, if you want a good laugh, please watch it! I even bought the Chuck Norris 3DVD collection thanks to my enjoyable Saturday night. What especially struck me is that every scene that would be expensive to make was copy-pasted from a Discovery documentary or an old TV-special on the US Army. Furthermore I was amazed by the fact that they didn't put the slightest effort in making the production look real. Afghanistan is, as far as I can remember, nowhere near any sea and yet with a single click Deke escapes from the terrorists sand-castle with his jet-pack and is taken away by a submarine (probably Discovery). Later on in the movie, Deke throws an Islam terrorist against the wall. In the slow motion scene you can beautifully see the long hairs of the Korean stuntman flap in the air when smashed against the wall. Gotta love it. I recommend you watch it with some friends and a good amount of beer though, only then you'll understand why I've been mad enough to spend 6,99 euro's on the box. Solution:

negative

fc-sni-imdb

83962e911a55a060aeb451f83b38a2c7b41cc62ea3f8f59d56927860786f0caf

Given a document, generate a short title of the document. The title should convey the main idea/event/topic about which the document is being written. Note that URLs in the text have been replaced with [Link]. [EX Q]: How vitiated Bill Clinton seemed at the last Democratic convention. Some of his appetites at least had waned.With a pencil neck and a sagging jacket he clambered gamely onto the stage after Hillary's acceptance speech and played happily with the red balloons that fell from the ceiling. When the couple repeatedly reminded the crowd of their new status as grandparents it was to suggest very different associations in voters' minds. Yet let us not forget the sex crimes of which the younger stronger Bill Clinton was very credibly accused in the 1990s. Juanita Broaddrick reported that when she was a volunteer on one of his gubernatorial campaigns she had arranged to meet him in a hotel coffee shop. At the last minute he had changed the location to her room in the hotel where she says he very violently raped her . She said she fought against Clinton throughout a rape that left her bloodied. At a different Arkansas hotel he caught sight of a minor state employee named Paula Jones and Jones says he sent a couple of state troopers to invite her to his suite where he exposed his penis to her and told her to kiss it. Kathleen Willey said that she met him in the Oval Office for personal and professional advice and that he groped her rubbed his erect penis on her and pushed her hand to his crotch. It was a pattern of behavior; it included an alleged violent assault; the women involved had far more credible evidence than many of the most notorious accusations that have come to light in the past five weeks. But Clinton was not left to the swift and pitiless justice that today's accused men have experienced. Rather he was rescued by a surprising force: machine feminism. The movement had by then ossified into a partisan operation and it was willingeagerto let this friend of the sisterhood enjoy a little droit de seigneur. A resolution expressing the sense of the Senate that Juanita Broaddrick never received a fair hearing for her charge of rape against the then-Attorney General of Arkansas William Jefferson Clinton later President of the United States. condemns the actions which Ms. Broaddrick alleges occurred in Little Rock Arkansas in 1978 by then-State of Arkansas Attorney General William Jefferson Clinton as unacceptable and outrageous to be condemned by all people of all races creeds and religions; pledges to do everything in its power including holding public hearings to probe the underlying causes of this brutal alleged rape by William Jefferson Clinton and an alleged threat to silence the victim by Hillary Rodham Clinton to make sure that the United States does not return to the days when such brutality and violence against women along with threats to silence them were deemed acceptable; calls on the Federal Bureau of Investigation the Department of Justice the White House and all other Federal law enforcement agencies to conduct an immediate full and fair investigation into all of the facts of the case; calls upon each Senator and every citizen of the United States in his or her own way through his or her church synagogue mosque workplace or social organization to join in denouncing and getting others to denounce this outrageous alleged rape of a defenseless woman and pledges to join in efforts to bring an end to rape and an end to the fear and hatred which underlie it and to encourage all Americans to dedicate themselves to ending sexual violence in the United States. Senators Mitch McConnell John McCain Susan Collins and others like Ted Cruz and Mike Lee have condemned Judge Moore in the strongest terms and have called for his withdrawal from the Senate race. There should be no problem with these Senators and those who agree with them on the House side introducing identical resolutions that promise the American people and Ms. Broaddrick that they will at last take a serious look at her charges and act to educate the American people that both the Senate and the House will not stand for this kind of behavior as alleged by Ms. Broaddrick . Or others who accused the Clintons like Paula Jones and Kathleen Willey. Will this launch a demand from Democrats to do the same to President Trump? Doubtless and having seen the allegations the American people elected him anyway. Nothing new has emerged since the President took office. The Broaddrick allegation on the other hand did not emerge until 1999 and Broaddrick herself says that NBC News withheld its explosive graphic interview with her until it was too late to affect the Clinton impeachment trial. Bill Clinton would never be on a ballot with this spectacular charge in the public domain. Will they do it? Will Moore opponent Doug Jones pledge to support such a resolution investigating the Clintons and the Broaddrick rape accusation if elected to the Senate? But if all of a sudden so many Senators and Congressmen and Congresswomen are racing to microphones to say they are outraged? Then they need to do something about Juanita Broaddrick and what happened with the Clintons. To hold one hearing after another about Hollywood's sex problem. To name names and hold people accountable. The addition of Ted Cruz and Mike Lee to this fight bodes well for Juanita Broaddrick and finally and at last holding Bill Clinton and Hillary Clinton responsible for their deeds. As even some notable liberals like the Atlantic and MSNBC's Chris Hayes are finally doing. The real question now? There is no excuse for this kind of behavior. Period. So where are the McCains and Flakes and other GOP insiders in and out of the Senate and the House in holding to account not just Roy Moore but their friends and fellow Establishment insiders? Will they bring about the Clinton reckoning as the Atlantic asks? Will they finally turn their Senate spotlight on the infamous Ted Kennedy/Chris Dodd "waitress sandwich" and the behavior of their own colleagues? Will these Senators put their time and actions in the Senate where they now say they really stand? Will they finally give Juanita Broaddrick her due? [EX A]: Will the House and Senate Condemn Bill and Hillary Clinton? [EX Q]: When the three-pointers are falling and the good vibes are flowing Otto Porter Jr. celebrates his shots with a signature pose. As he jogs back on defense Porter leans forward holding three fingers so close to the court he could pick up loose change. On Friday night the threes kept falling the vibes were right and Porter often did his thing in the Washington Wizards' 121-103 win over the Houston Rockets. Porter made the deep perimeter his home against the NBA's leading three-point shooting team. In the first quarter Porter's three makes from beyond the arc matched the team total for the Rockets. He added three more in the fourth getting an early rest as Washington turned a showdown with one of the top teams in the Western Conference into a blowout. Porter's seven three-pointers tied a career high and he finished with a game-high 26 points (on 9-for-16 shooting) to go with a team-high seven assists. Bradley Beal and Kelly Oubre Jr. added 21 points each and John Wall finished with 17 and four assists but defined his game on the defensive end with five steals. [EX A]: Jekyll meet Hyde: Wizards bounce back from Hawks loss by thumping Rockets [EX Q]: Only a year ago CPAC found itself in controversy for having scheduled as a keynote speaker Milo Yiannopoulos the potty-mouthed homosexual enfant terrible. When old video revealed that Milo had once been frighteningly blase about sex with teenage boys CPAC made a dramatic show of disavowing Milo. Many fellow travelers came forward to defend Milo . We viewed child molestation as detestable but we consistently condemned it even if this meant denouncing homosexual subculture. Milo 's survival of childhood sex abuse explained much of his aberrant and disorderly behavior. Why did so many conservatives goad Milo on for years then turn on him once his past abuse cast a pall on his public witness? For the type of conservatives who flock to CPAC think-tank parvenus Ann Coulter fans Fox News oracles College Republicans emulators of Laura Ingraham and Steven Crowder conservatism mixes rebellion wit professionalism and prestige. They sense that pointy-headed political correctness and taxes are bad while anti-liberal snark and a rising Dow Jones are good. They delight in mocking liberals who embarrass themselves and relish the indignant outrage they feel when gazing on liberalism at its worst: transgender bathrooms campus madness Harvey Weinstein hypocrisy or historical illiteracy. Such mainstream young and urbane conservatives do not necessarily like being told to show restraint self-critique and repentance. The influence of libertarians in the CPAC universe explains what happened with Milo and provides some context for the banishment of Mass Resistance. Milo provided too much fun for anyone to slow him down until the seriousness of his past with sexual abuse made "conservatives" reconsider their allegiance to him . When Milo was de-platformed I thought he was the canary in the coal mine. Maybe not. By trying to get a seat at CPAC's table Mass Resistance tested the viability of the Burkean-colorful-libertarian alliance. I lead Mass Resistance's Texas chapter. I know that our partisans defend their beliefs with dogged sincerity. I also know that libertarians find us embarrassingly old-fashioned and Burkean mainstream conservatives fear we will not play well in Georgetown. [EX A]:

Postcard from a Coal Mine: CPAC 2018

fc-sni-persent

2038e592aa781953a254e0f99e17bdaeba39e74a6a7883427522f5fbb0f03af9

TASK DEFINITION: Given a document, generate a short title of the document. The title should convey the main idea/event/topic about which the document is being written. Note that URLs in the text have been replaced with [Link]. PROBLEM: Markelle Fultz has struggled shooting the ball both in the preseason and regular season. According to his agent Fultz had his shoulder drained after an injury that is apparently so bad that he "literally cannot raise up his arms to shoot." It's unclear if Fultz will miss any time with the injury but the Philadelphia 76ers ought to be cautious with their No. 1 draft pick. One week into his NBA career Philadelphia 76ers rookie Markelle Fultz is reportedly dealing with a shoulder injury that sounds worrisome. According to ESPN's Adrian Wojnarowski Fultz the No. 1 pick of the 2017 draft had his right shoulder drained one week before the season because of a shoulder injury. Fultz's agent Raymond Brothers told Wojnarowski that Fultz "literally cannot raise up his arms to shoot the basketball." Brothers said Fultz wanted to play through the pain for the team. The injury has apparently completely changed the way Fultz shoots the ball something the NBA world started to notice in the preseason. Fultz who shot 47% from the field in college and 41% from three was suddenly pushing the ball in front of him most noticeably on free throw attempts. Biggest problem with Fultz free throw is that he starts it at shoulder height. Needs to start at waist level for rhythm and POWER pic.twitter.com/CExnUgao4r a BBALLBREAKDOWN (@bballbreakdown) October 9 2017 It's only gotten worse during the season. Fultz is averaging 6.0 points per game on 33% shooting and has not yet attempted a three-pointer. His free throw shooting hasn't gotten any better either as he's shooting 50% on 12 attempts. Markelle Fultz free throw shooting form is hard to watch. During preseason 76ers coach Brett Brown said he thought Fultz 's shoulder was bothering him more than he let on. However the 76ers apparently did not think the injury was bad enough to have Fultz sit. The effects have been obvious. Fultz was the consensus No. 1 pick in the draft for his ability to play both guard positions. Fultz can handle the ball get to the rim and break down defenses or play off the ball and spread the floor with his shooting. Yet through four games Fultz hasn't taken a shot beyond 14 feet. SOLUTION: Markelle Fultz reportedly 'cannot raise his arms' to shoot because of shoulder injury PROBLEM: A senator forcefully delivered the stick and chipping Collins' glass elephant Washington (CNN) During bipartisan talks between senators to discuss passing a funding bill to end the government shutdown Sen. Susan Collins whose office was being used for the negotiations figured out a civil way to create discussion. One Republican senator describing the incident told CNN the stick was successful but on one occasion one of the other senators was speaking while another asked a question and then turned with another quick longer louder question. The member who was holding the stick "forcefully delivered" the stick across the room -- but it missed its mark and caused damage to a shelf in Collins ' office. A glass elephant sitting on a shelf owned by Collins became the casualty with the stick chipping it a little bit. SOLUTION: Susan Collins had senators use talking stick in bipartisan meetings PROBLEM: Perhaps no major event in modern U.S. history has spawned more widespread doubt than the assassination of President John F. Kennedy in Dallas in November 1963 . The official account: One man Lee Harvey Oswald did it. The unofficial theory: Well there are many. The JFK assassination is back in the news as the deadline for releasing a final batch of government documents related to the investigation approaches. Back in 1992 Congress passed a law ordering that all remaining papers be released by Oct. 26 2017 that's this Thursday. President Trump could still decide to keep some information secret on national security grounds but he seems inclined to allow everything to be released on schedule. Will this last dossier of evidence put the conspiracy theories to rest? That's unlikely. Despite plenty of evidence to the contrary most Americans have believed that more than one person was involved in Kennedy 's death since almost the moment of the assassination . According to a new FiveThirtyEight-commissioned SurveyMonkey poll of 5 130 adults conducted Oct. 17 to Oct. 20 2017 only 33 percent of Americans believe that one man was responsible for the assassination . A majority 61 percent think that others were involved in a conspiracy. In pretty much every demographic most respondents believed that Oswald didn't act alone. Most people believe JFK wasn't killed by Oswald alone Respondents' beliefs about President John F. Kennedy's death according to a poll conducted Oct. 17-20 2017 GROUP ONE MAN KILLED JFK OTHERS WERE INVOLVED Overall 33% 61% Male 33 62 Female 32 60 White 38 56 Hispanic 22 72 Black 19 76 College graduate 42 52 No college degree 29 65 White college graduate 48 46 White without a college degree 33 60 Registered voter 35 61 Not registered 25 69 18-34 35 60 35-64 31 62 65 and older 32 60 Republican 36 60 Democrat 36 61 Independent no lean 24 70 Voted for Hillary Clinton in 2016 38 59 Voted for Donald Trump in 2016 35 61 Source: SurveyMonkey That's not say that every group believes in a conspiracy theory at equal rates. African-Americans (76 percent) and Hispanics (72 percent) are far more likely than whites (56 percent) to believe that Oswald didn't act alone. The government of course has a history of lying to the black community which may be why African-Americans are more likely to think the government isn't telling the whole story about Kennedy 's death and other major news stories. In our SurveyMonkey poll the 33 percent of people who believe that one man killed Kennedy is higher than it's been in any yearly average of polling since 1966. That was the year before New Orleans District Attorney Jim Garrison publicly accused the government of enacting a huge cover-up to conceal the fact that the president had been killed by anti-Communist extremists in the CIA. He later prosecuted a man he believed was involved in the conspiracy and though he lost his conspiracy case in court Garrison and his theory went on to be immortalized in Oliver Stone's 1991 film "JFK." Although the movie made millions of dollars and fanned the flames of conspiracy it did not seem to have much impact on American opinion overall the percentage of Americans who believed in a conspiracy remained pretty stable before and after the film's release. Why is it though that belief in a lone gunman has grown by over 20 percentage points in the past two decades? It could be that conspiracy theorists' inability to provide proof has hurt their appeal to the public. It's also possible that recent computerized evidence seeming to prove Oswald acted alone has gotten through to Americans. Finally it could be a simple matter of demographic changes. The percentage of Americans who have at least a college degree continues to rise and SurveyMonkey found that 42 percent of Americans with at least a college degree believed Oswald acted alone compared to 29 percent with less than a college degree. In fact a slight plurality of whites with at least a college degree actually believed one man was responsible for the death of Kennedy . Whatever the cause of the recent upswing in the popularity of the lone assassin theory most Americans still think that there was a conspiracy and that more than one man was responsible for Kennedy 's death. Perhaps if the government releases the final documents on the assassination that will put conspiracy theories about the murder to rest. But chances are it won't. SOLUTION:

Most People Believe In JFK Conspiracy Theories

fc-sni-persent

b967ceab0d14100b8c1752034210fb59be6d387323b830b867f75890f79bc986

In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match. The fringe of a blanket is just visible beneath the central image of this work, and the central figure wears a brown wristband with a small tassel. In the background, a large glass bowl lined with paper and filled with flowers is held by a black servant, who looks with a terrified wonder at the central figure of this work. That central figure wears medium wooden heels with a silver strap and has a bow tied around her neck with black lace, and is sitting on a couch holding onto a tan blanket with one hand and covering her vagina with her other hand. For 10 pointsname this painting of a nude prostitute by douard Manet.

Fine Arts

fc-sni-qanta

27b9e8e3b3a104cb78f945dffe0c5e0c56c43624e53f0ffe835e32f4a4944c41

Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a Reddit post as a text. Your task is to generate a title for this text. The title should start with "TIFU by", followed by a situation that caused humor. The title should contain 7-12 words, ideally. Problem:Text: i got this message out of nowhere from someone i served in the army with. without even thinking i replied with "you son of a bitch, how are you?", as if i was just being playful. but nope. he was insulted and i made an ass out of myself. i tried to apologize, but i haven't received a message back. i guess my social skills are as bad i was told. Solution:

TIFU by accidentally insulting a friend over the phone.

fc-sni-reddit_tifu_dataset

690f7628cd83dbe20018bfd08014d21a916f2c9ae4210a53f7a77f341467cbc9

In this task, you are given a question. You have to answer the question based on your information. Input: Consider Input: Who did the singer of That's My Pa play in High Noon? Output: Ben Miller Input: Consider Input: Where are the headquarters of the organization through which Nedal Hussein has won the Asia Pacific super featherweight title? Output: San Juan, Puerto Rico Input: Consider Input: Who is more european, Ana Ivanovic or Jimmy Arias?

Output: Ana Ivanovic

fc-sni-hotpotqa

b042b7efd6b628c7feccb9509b20eaa331a8da043b968cc2c34a52934ef98ebb

In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length. -------- Question: Aims: To determine the seroprevalence of canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) in New Zealand dogs, and to explore associations with age, sex, breed, month, and geographical region of sampling and reported presence of clinical signs suggestive of respiratory disease. Methods: A total of 1,015 canine serum samples were randomly selected from submissions to a diagnostic laboratory between March and December 2014, and were analysed for CRCoV antibodies using a competitive ELISA. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine associations between seroprevalence of CRCoV and breed category, age, sex, sampling month, region, and reported health status of dogs. Results: Overall, 538/1,015 (53.0%) samples were seropositive for CRCoV, with 492/921 (53.4%) positive dogs in the North Island and 46/94 (49%) in the South Island. Age of dog, sampling month, region, and presence of abnormal respiratory signs were included in the initial logistic regression model. Seroprevalence was higher in dogs aged 3 compared with 2 years (p < 0.01). The lowest seroprevalence was observed in July (30/105; 28.5%) and August (32/100; 32%), and the highest in June (74/100; 74%). Seroprevalence in dogs from Auckland was higher than in dogs from the Hawkes Bay, Manawatu, Marlborough, and Waikato regions (p < 0.05). Abnormal respiratory signs (coughing, nasal discharge, or sneezing) were reported for 28/1,015 (2.8%) dogs sampled. Seroprevalence for CRCoV tended to be higher among dogs with respiratory signs (67.9 (95% CI = 47.6-83.4)%) than dogs with no reported respiratory signs (52.6 (95% CI = 49.5-55.7)%). Conclusions: Serological evidence of infection with CRCoV was present in more than half of the dogs tested from throughout New Zealand. Differences in CRCoV seroprevalence between regions and lack of seasonal pattern indicate that factors other than external temperatures may be important in the epidemiology of CRCoV in New Zealand. Clinical relevance: Our data suggest that CRCoV should be included in investigations of cases of infectious canine tracheobronchitis, particularly if these occur among dogs vaccinated with current vaccines, which do not include CRCoV antigens. Answer: A serological survey of canine respiratory coronavirus in New Zealand Question: Gene expression studies require appropriate normalization methods for proper evaluation of reference genes. To date, not many studies have been reported on the identification of suitable reference genes in buffaloes. The present study was undertaken to determine the panel of suitable reference genes in heat-stressed buffalo mammary epithelial cells (MECs). Briefly, MEC culture from buffalo mammary gland was exposed to 42 C for one hour and subsequently allowed to recover at 37 C for different time intervals (from 30 m to 48 h). Three different algorithms, geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper softwares, were used to evaluate the stability of 16 potential reference genes from different functional classes. Our data identified RPL4, EEF1A1, and RPS23 genes to be the most appropriate reference genes that could be utilized for normalization of qPCR data in heat-stressed buffalo MECs. Answer: Identification of Appropriate Reference Genes for qRT-PCR Analysis of Heat-Stressed Mammary Epithelial Cells in Riverine Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) Question: Epidemiological studies have observed that the seasonal peak incidence of influenza virus infection is sometimes separate from the peak incidence of human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) infection, with the peak incidence of hRSV infection delayed. This is proposed to be due to viral interference, whereby infection with one virus prevents or delays infection with a different virus. We investigated viral interference between hRSV and 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus (A[H1N1]pdm09) in the ferret model. Infection with A(H1N1)pdm09 prevented subsequent infection with hRSV. Infection with hRSV reduced morbidity attributed to infection with A(H1N1)pdm09 but not infection, even when an increased inoculum dose of hRSV was used. Notably, infection with A(H1N1)pdm09 induced higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and immune mediators in the ferret than hRSV. Minimal cross-reactive serological responses or interferon -expressing cells were induced by either virus 14 days after infection. These data indicate that antigen-independent mechanisms may drive viral interference between unrelated respiratory viruses that can limit subsequent infection or disease. Answer:

Investigating Viral Interference Between Influenza A Virus and Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus in a Ferret Model of Infection

fc-sni-coda_19

45eae6f0ab3db9f8873a29ca201be280b5f4f12d45a12e631c1b3d65e6a0ec4e

In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length. Q: Background: The development of a protective vaccine against canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is an alternative approach for interrupting the domestic cycle of Leishmania infantum. Given the importance of sand fly salivary proteins as potent immunogens obligatorily co-deposited during transmission of Leishmania parasites, their inclusion in an anti-Leishmania vaccine has been investigated in the last few decades. In this context, we previously immunized dogs with a vaccine composed of L. braziliensis antigens plus saponin as the adjuvant and sand fly salivary gland extract (LBSapSal vaccine). This vaccine elicited an increase in both anti-saliva and anti-Leishmania IgG isotypes, higher counts of specific circulating CD8 + T cells, and high NO production. Methods: We investigated the immunogenicity and protective effect of LBSapSal vaccination after intradermal challenge with 1 10 7 late-log-phase L. infantum promastigotes in the presence of sand fly saliva of Lutzomyia longipalpis. The dogs were followed for up to 885 days after challenge. Results: The LBSapSal vaccine presents extensive antigenic diversity with persistent humoral and cellular immune responses, indicating resistance against CVL is triggered by high levels of total IgG and its subtypes (IgG1 and IgG2); expansion of circulating CD5 + , CD4 + , and CD8 + T lymphocytes and is Leishmania-specific; and reduction of splenic parasite load. Conclusions: These results encourage further study of vaccine strategies addressing Leishmania antigens in combination with proteins present in the saliva of the vector. A: LBSapSal-vaccinated dogs exhibit increased circulating T-lymphocyte subsets (CD4 + and CD8 + ) as well as a reduction of parasitism after challenge with Leishmania infantum plus salivary gland of Lutzomyia longipalpis **** Q: Understanding viral transmission dynamics within populations of reservoir hosts can facilitate greater knowledge of the spillover of emerging infectious diseases. While bat-borne viruses are of concern to public health, investigations into their dynamics have been limited by a lack of longitudinal data from individual bats. Here, we examine capture-mark-recapture (CMR) data from a species of Australian bat (Myotis macropus) infected with a putative novel Alphacoronavirus within a Bayesian framework. Then, we developed epidemic models to estimate the effect of persistently infectious individuals (which shed viruses for extensive periods) on the probability of viral maintenance within the study population. We found that the CMR data analysis supported grouping of infectious bats into persistently and transiently infectious bats. Maintenance of coronavirus within the study population was more likely in an epidemic model that included both persistently and transiently infectious bats, compared with the epidemic model with non-grouping of bats. These findings, using rare CMR data from longitudinal samples of individual bats, increase our understanding of transmission dynamics of bat viral infectious diseases. A: Persistent infections support maintenance of a coronavirus in a population of Australian bats (Myotis macropus) **** Q: DNA and RNA modifications have important functions, including the regulation of gene expression. Existing methods based on short-read sequencing for the detection of modifications show difficulty in determining the modification patterns of single chromosomes or an entire transcript sequence. Furthermore, the kinds of modifications for which detection methods are available are very limited. The Nanopore sequencer is a single-molecule, long-read sequencer that can directly sequence RNA as well as DNA. Moreover, the Nanopore sequencer detects modifications on long DNA and RNA molecules. In this review, we mainly focus on base modification detection in the DNA and RNA of mammals using the Nanopore sequencer. We summarize current studies of modifications using the Nanopore sequencer, detection tools using statistical tests or machine learning, and applications of this technology, such as analyses of open chromatin, DNA replication, and RNA metabolism. A:

Recent advances in the detection of base modifications using the Nanopore sequencer ****

fc-sni-coda_19

5975c7d12b64f8dd4544c8d6e2334248dc7b7138f2139339e436a59590f5e997

In this task, you are given a context, a subject, a relation, and many options. Based on the context, from the options select the object entity that has the given relation with the subject. Answer with text (not indexes). Q: Context: The Kabardino-Balkar Republic ("Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika"; Kabardian: - , "Qbrdei-Baqr Respublic"; Karachay-Balkar: - , "Qabart-Malqar Respublika"), or Kabardino-Balkaria ("Kabardino-Balkariya"), is a federal subject of Russia (a republic) located in the North Caucasus. As of the 2010 Census, its population was859,939 on 12,500 square km. Its capital is Nalchik., Russia (from the Rus'), also officially known as the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 140million people at the end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern, about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara., Khadzhimurat Magomedovich Akkaev ( Russian : ) ( born March 27 , 1985 in Tyrnyauz , Kabardino - Balkaria ) is a Russian weightlifter of Balkar descent . He competed in the men 's 94 kg at the 2004 Summer Olympics where he won a silver medal . He is 178 cm / 5 ft 10 tall and weighs 105 kg / 231 lb. At the 2008 Summer Olympics he won the bronze medal in the 94 kg category , with a total of 402 kg. Akkaev has moved up into 105 kg weight category as a replacement for Dmitry Lapikov and Dmitry Klokov . He won the 2011 European Weightlifting Championships in Kazan , with a total of 425 kg He became the 2011 World Champion in Paris , beating his compatriot Dmitry Klokov by 2 kg with a total of 430 kg. Akkaev was scheduled to compete at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the 105 kg class but was forced to withdraw due to a back injury ., Nalchik (Kabardian: //) is the capital city of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Russia, situated at an altitude of in the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains; about northwest of Beslan in the Republic of North OssetiaAlania. It covers an area of . Population was , The Balkars are a Turkic people of the Caucasus region, one of the titular populations of Kabardino-Balkaria. Their Karachay-Balkar language is of the Ponto-Caspian subgroup of the Northwestern (Kipchak) group of Turkic languages., Tyrnyauz is a town and the administrative center of Elbrussky District of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Russia, located on the main road leading to the Upper Baksan valley area and on the main climbing route for Mount Elbrus. Population: Tyrnyauz is the largest town in the Baksan Valley and an essential provisioning point for trips into the Elbrus region., The North Caucasus (or Ciscaucasia) is the northern part of the Caucasus region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea and within European Russia. , The Caucasus or Caucasia is a region at the border of Europe and Asia, situated between the Black and the Caspian seas., Mount Elbrus ( "Whamxwa" tr. "Ialbuzi"; Ossetian: "Halbruz") is the highest mountain in Russia and in Europe, and the tenth most prominent peak in the world. A dormant volcano, Elbrus forms part of the Caucasus Mountains in Southern Russia, near the border with Georgia. , Elbrussky District (Kabardian: ) is an administrative and a municipal district (raion), one of the ten in the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Russia. It is located in the western and southwestern parts of the republic. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Tyrnyauz. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was36,260, with the population of Tyrnyauz accounting for 57.9% of that number., Subject: khadzhimurat akkayev, Relation: place_of_birth, Options: (A) caucasia (B) caucasus (C) center (D) georgia (E) march (F) nalchik (G) north caucasus (H) novosibirsk (I) of (J) petersburg (K) republic (L) russia (M) samara (N) tyrnyauz (O) volcano A: nalchik **** Q: Context: Northern Ireland (; Ulster Scots: "") is a top-level constituent unit of the United Kingdom in the northeast of Ireland. It is variously described as a country, province, region, or "part" of the United Kingdom, amongst other terms. Northern Ireland shares a border to the south and west with the Republic of Ireland. In 2011, its population was 1,810,863, constituting about 30% of the island's total population and about 3% of the UK's population. Established by the Northern Ireland Act 1998 as part of the Good Friday Agreement, the Northern Ireland Assembly holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters, while other areas are reserved for the British government. Northern Ireland co-operates with the Republic of Ireland in some areas, and the Agreement granted the Republic the ability to "put forward views and proposals" with "determined efforts to resolve disagreements between the two governments"., Belfast is the capital and largest city of Northern Ireland, the second largest on the island of Ireland, and the heart of the tenth largest Primary Urban Area in the United Kingdom. On the River Lagan, it had a population of 286,000 at the 2011 census and 333,871 after the 2015 council reform. Belfast was granted city status in 1888., A Primary Urban Area (PUA) is an area defined by the Department for Communities and Local Government in the United Kingdom as a statistical tool for analysing the major cities of England, originating as part of their "State of the English Cities" report and database., The River Lagan (Ulster Scots: "Lagan Watter") is a major river in Northern Ireland which runs 53.5 miles (86km) from the Slieve Croob mountain in County Down to Belfast where it enters Belfast Lough, an inlet of the Irish Sea. The River Lagan forms much of the border between County Antrim and County Down in the east of Ulster. It rises as a tiny, fast-moving stream near to the summit of Slieve Croob; Transmitter Road runs nearby. From here it continues on its journey to Belfast through Dromara, Donaghcloney and Dromore. On the lower slopes of the mountain, it is joined by another branch from Legananny (Cratlieve) Mountain, just opposite Slieve Croob. At Dromara, about four miles from its source, its height above the sea is 390ft (119m). As the river continues on its journey to Belfast, it turns east to Magheralin into a broad plain between the plateaus of Antrim and Down., Ireland (Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the North Atlantic. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel, the Irish Sea, and St George's Channel. Ireland is the second-largest island of the British Isles, the third-largest in Europe, and the twentieth-largest on Earth., The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of , the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union., Billy ( Bill ) McCracken ( 29 January 1883 , Belfast -- 20 January 1979 ) was a Northern Irish association football player . His position was defender . McCracken played for the English club Newcastle United from 1904 to 1924 , helping them win three League titles and the FA Cup . McCracken was so adept at catching the opposing teams forwards offside that he forced a change in the rules of the game . In total he played 432 games for Newcastle , scoring 8 goals . After leaving Newcastle he went on to become Hull City manager in 1923 and he took them to the FA Cup semi-final in 1930 . He left the club a year later . He later had a short term in charge of Gateshead F.C. , before managing Millwall F.C. from 1933 -- 1936 . He later went on to manage the now defunct Aldershot F.C. McCracken is one of just a few players whose actions have brought changes the Laws Of Football when , as a centre - half at Newcastle , he masterminded the technique of making opposition forwards ruled '' offside '' when the rules stated that 3 defenders must be between the attacking player and the goal line . So successful was McCracken 's defensive ploy that the Offside Rule was changed to '' 2 defenders '' between the foremost attacker and the goal line '' . His team mates while playing for Ireland included Archie Goodall , Billy Scott , Jack Kirwan and Robert Milne ., Subject: billy mccracken, Relation: country_of_citizenship, Options: (A) earth (B) england (C) great britain (D) ireland (E) northern ireland (F) united kingdom A: northern ireland **** Q: Context: Molochna River ("Molochnaya"), is a river in the Zaporizhia Oblast of south Ukraine. Literally the name of the river translates as Milky. The river is connected with the German origin Mennonite culture, once based in the southeastern region of Ukraine since 1804 as Molotschna colony which was part of the Russian Empire at that time., Ukraine (tr. ) is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the east and northeast, Belarus to the northwest, Poland and Slovakia to the west, Hungary, Romania, and Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively. Ukraine is currently in territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean Peninsula which Russia annexed in 2014 but which Ukraine and most of the international community recognise as Ukrainian. Including Crimea, Ukraine has an area of , making it the largest country entirely within Europe and the 46th largest country in the world. It has a population of about 44.5 million, making it the 32nd most populous country in the world., Zaporizhzhia Oblast (translit. "Zaporiz'ka oblast"; also referred to as Zaporizhzhya "") is an oblast (province) of southern Ukraine. Its capital is Zaporizhzhia. The oblast covers an area of 27,183km, and its population was at a January 2013., Melitopol (translit. "Melitopol") is a city in Zaporizhia Oblast (region) of the southeastern Ukraine. It is situated on the Molochna River that flows through the eastern edge of the city and into the Molochnyi Liman, which eventually joins the Sea of Azov. Population: ., Oksana Lyubtsova ( Ukrainian : in Melitopol ) is a female tennis player . As a professional , her highest career singles ranking is World No. 149 , achieved on 21 July 2008 , her highest career doubles ranking is World No. 254 , achieved on 27 April 2009 . Lyubtsova has won five ITF Singles Titles and three ITF Doubles Titles . Lyubtsova played in her first WTA Tour event when she qualified to play in the 2009 Open GDF Suez . She lost in the first round to the 4th seeded Polish teenager Agnieszka Radwaska 6 -- 1 , 6 -- 1 . Her highest WTA singles ranking is 141st , which she reached on 21 July 2008 ., Zaporizhzhia (pronounced ), or Zaporozhye (, transcript. "Zaporozh'ye", formerly Alexandrovsk) is a city in southeastern Ukraine, situated on the banks of the Dnieper River. It is the administrative center of the Zaporizhia Oblast (province). Administratively, it is incorporated as a city of oblast significance and serves as an administrative center of Zaporizhia Raion, though it does not belong to the raion. Currently the city is the sixth largest in Ukraine. Population: ., The Sea of Azov ("Azovs'ke more/Azovke more") is a sea in Eastern Europe. To the south it is linked by the narrow (about ) Strait of Kerch to the Black Sea, and it is sometimes regarded as a northern extension of the Black Sea. The sea is bounded in the north by mainland Ukraine, in the east by Russia, and in the west by the Crimean Peninsula. The Don and Kuban are the major rivers that flow into it. The Sea of Azov is the shallowest sea in the world, with the depth varying between . There is a constant outflow of water from the Sea of Azov to the Black Sea., Subject: oxana lyubtsova, Relation: country_of_citizenship, Options: (A) belarus (B) hungary (C) moldova (D) slovakia (E) ukraine A:

ukraine ****

fc-sni-wiki_hop

7a51385a70182fa506b31ed2715a45c33df65ecc1065f4307fa0bcf39764013f

Definition: You are given a review of Amazon's food products. Your task is to divide them into two classes: negative or positive, depending on the content of the review. Input: I bought this as a gift for a friend who likes exotic salts, and it was a hit with him. It was well packaged with no breakage. (Some of the reviews have mentioned that they received broken containers.) The wooden holder is nice but not all that permanent. I would recommend this for someone who'd like to sample various kinds of salt and doesn't mind paying a high price. The reason I gave it four and not five stars was the price. Output:

Positive

fc-sni-amazon_fine_food_reviews

fe3bdf10ed590c4d29b6971f1bcc019747c319263a6417daf4d1feb74d41312c

Your task is to generate the next utterance in a given dialogue. You will be given a few sentences describing the personality of the person who is making the dialogue, and a history of the dialogue after that. Each line in the history is said by one of the two participants in the conversation. Example Input: Personality: I'm a Christian. I love to read. My favorite movie genre is horror. My favorite author is Stephen king. Chat history: -Hi! how are you doing? -I'm great, living the life of a 25 year man. -Nice, I am living the life of a Christian. -I have a Jesus cross in my truck. Example Output: That's good. I wear one all the time. Example Input: Personality: My mom went crazy when I was three and i'ven T seen her since. My dog is my best friend. I am an accountant. My hair is black and curly. Chat history: -How are you doing today? -I'm great, I don't sleep much though. -I understand that. Sometimes I've problems if my dog is not near me. -That is absolutely great just fantastic. -It is. He's my best friend. -I have a best friend. -What is your best friend like? -We love eating steak together. Example Output: Yummy. What do you look like? Example Input: Personality: I have two dogs. I work as a secretary at an insurance agency. I'm close to both of my brothers. I travel every year to Disney world. Chat history: -Good morning! How is your morning going? -I own 2 wonderful dogs! -That's nice. I am ready to go cut down a lot of trees today. Example Output:

Chop chop, I am a secretary at the insurance agency I work at.

fc-sni-personachat

18bbb7dc7fba0839801395085f4d9cb944de93ab6fedcf5118df05da99f01361

Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage. Q: Context: Irisin is a newly identified myokine which can promote energy expenditure. Urotensin II (UII) is identified as the most potent mammalian vasoconstrictor to date. Previous studies showed that UII can aggravate insulin resistance while irisin alleviate insulin resistance. Through this study, it is our aim to elucidate if UII can induce insulin resistance and also have an association with the irisin level in hemodialysis (HD) patients.', 'One hundred and twenty-eight patients on maintenance hemodialysis treatment and forty healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. Blood irisin concentrations and UII concentrations were measured by ELISA and RIA respectively. The body composition was analyzed by bioelectrical impedance.', 'The serum irisin levels and UII levels were both significantly lower in HD patients in comparison to that of the healthy subjects. The serum irisin levels were lower in HD patients with protein energy wasting than those of the patients without protein energy wasting. The independent determinants of circulating Ln (irisin) (the natural logarithm of irisin) were UII lean body mass and patients with protein energy wasting. Answer: Our results are the first to provide the clinical evidence of the association among irisin, UII, and protein energy wasting. Our results hint that UII and protein energy wasting might inhibit the release or synthesis of irisin from skeletal muscles in HD patients. A:

Is irisin Associated with Urotensin II and Protein Energy Wasting in Hemodialysis Patients?

fc-sni-pubmed_qa

79160edccbba829d5cc1f84b061550d3759a93430ffee030f80e413f7828f1a6

Definition: In this task, the input is a set of dialogues between a user and an assistant. You need to find the dialogue that is basically a response given to a question or an aspect of the user. Input: Alright, that is interesting, anything else on politics? What can you tell me about Kuwait? Moving on, what can you tell me about politics then? You're Welcome! Kuwait is the largest cultural center in the Middle east. It has a small and rich economy. It has about 96 billion barrels of crude oil reserves. The country makes a lot of money by selling oil. Output:

Kuwait is the largest cultural center in the Middle east. It has a small and rich economy. It has about 96 billion barrels of crude oil reserves. The country makes a lot of money by selling oil.

fc-sni-curiosity_dialogs

67925c1234f42eb6360cfb270ca518ef63def59578f9e1a8ee92d01d08e08706

In this task, you are given two simple actions (associated with "A", "B"). You must identify which action is considered less ethical. Do not generate anything else apart from one of the following characters: 'A', 'B'. Ex Input: (A) not wanting my future kid to go to public school (B) not wanting to go out with my sister Ex Output: A Ex Input: (A) being upset with how my boyfriend handled my birthday (B) not wanting the dog we just adopted Ex Output: B Ex Input: (A) feeling no remorse or sympathy towards a depressed and (maybe) suicidal girl who cheated on my best friend three times (B) calling out my roommate for not adequately caring for her cat Ex Output:

A

fc-sni-scruples

d8b06748bd4c68a2c0db3d910487eb3483bd08eeb42f6a0433fef42d719bc45c

Given a document, generate a short title of the document. The title should convey the main idea/event/topic about which the document is being written. Note that URLs in the text have been replaced with [Link]. SONARI GLINTON BYLINE: I'm doing what millions of people do on the day before Thanksgiving - standing in the parking lot of my grocery store. And when I'm finished with this story I'm going to pick up some sweet potatoes scallions and garlic for my Thanksgiving dinner. GLINTON: Oh boy do I remember. Now that's Marshal Cohen. He's a retail analyst with The NPD Group. And we've made a bit of a tradition to check in on each other on the holiday. Cohen says retailers are coming to their senses egged on by the consumer. GLINTON : So who won (laughter)? GLINTON : According to The NPD Group and some other consumer studies in 2014 the most popular time for shopping during the Thanksgiving season was Thanksgiving at 6 p.m. whereas in 2016 the most popular time was Black Friday at noon. GLINTON: OK here's the most interesting thing about all this. According to Elizabeth Currid-Halkett - she's an economic geographer at the University of Southern California - we're less materialistic. GLINTON: Currid-Halkett and her doctoral student Hyojung Lee have been looking at spending patterns not just during the holidays. GLINTON: Currid-Halkett says it's not just the rich. She has a book called "The Sum Of Small Things." She says the economy is mature. We've made a lot of stuff and we have a lot of stuff. And to be super scientific we're getting tired of all of it and kind of scaling back. GLINTON : All right you heard it from the expert. The time you spend with your family is more important than getting a deal. OK it's getting real in this parking lot. I got to run in. Happy Thanksgiving everyone. Sonari Glinton NPR News Los Angeles. Transcript provided by NPR Copyright NPR.

How Black Friday Has Evolved Throughout The Years

fc-sni-persent

4d0bad05c41dc6a2e614032d8bc6141cc7671a5554fc519d2477ff5390612dbd

Given a document, generate a short title of the document. The title should convey the main idea/event/topic about which the document is being written. Note that URLs in the text have been replaced with [Link]. [EX Q]: The peer-to-peer lender LendingClub is on the cusp of being investigated by the US Department of Justice and the Securities and Exchange Commission and it is in emergency talks to coax more buyers onto its platform to shore up the business. LendingClub made the disclosures in a regulatory filing on Monday. It follows the shock ousting of LendingClub founder and CEO Renaud Laplanche last week after an internal review. The stock crashed 26% on the day and is down over 50% since then. The board cited issues with "data integrity and contract approval monitoring and review processes" for Laplanche's exit as well as issues surrounding an apparent financial conflict of interest in an investment Laplanche made in a company doing business with LendingClub . The forced exit of Laplanche has sent LendingClub into a full-blown crisis that threatens the very core of its business. UPDATE: Since publication LendingClub has provided BI with the following statement: LendingClub was founded in 2007 and is a peer-to-peer lender; consumers can take out loans of up to $40 000 (27 654) supplied by a third party that are then packaged up and sold to institutional investors who want to receive the stream of interest payments in return. It matches lenders with investors a little like UK companies such as Zopa. LendingClub says: But Laplanche also failed to disclose his personal interest in a fund that LendingClub was considering investing in and The Journal claims he had invested millions in that fund so it could buy LendingClub's loans effectively to boost demand. The vehicle which Bloomberg said was Cirrix Capital bought $114.5 million worth of LendingClub loans in the first quarter of the year according to Monday's filing. LendingClub director John Mack and Laplanche are all investors in Cirrix according to Bloomberg. Cirrix is now helping Lending Club with emergency funding. LendingClub claims to take no credit risk itself but it clearly has some exposure to the risk if it is investing in a fund that is buying its loans. Discussing LendingClub 's investment in the vehicle that bought the loans LendingClub says it "determined none of these events were required to be recognized or disclosed." As a result of the whole fiasco LendingClub has received a grand jury subpoena from the US Department of Justice and has been contacted by the SEC it said in a filing on Monday. The company says "no assurance can be given as to the timing or outcome of these matters. " LendingClub also warns that it may face legal proceedings over the whole thing but it says it doesn't think any liabilities from an eventual judgment will have a "material effect on its financial condition." LendingClub is already facing two class-action lawsuits in the US both filed since the start of the year. One filed in California accuses the company of "making materially false and misleading statements in the registration statement and prospectus issued in connection with the IPO regarding among other things the company's business model compliance with regulatory matters and their impact on the company 's business operations and future results." Another lodged in New York claims people "received loans through the company 's platform that exceeded states' usury limits in violation of state usury and consumer protection laws." ' The company may need to use its own funds to purchase these loans' [EX A]: LendingClub faces DOJ SEC investigations could buy more of its loans [EX Q]: Co-chairman Bob Weinstein and chief operating officer David Glasser who has been expected to move into the CEO role as the company confronts a post-Harvey future told employees in a video conference that they were completely blindsided by the waves of reports documented by the Times and the New Yorker. Lance Maerov the board member who handled the contract negotiations said in an interview with the Times that he had been told of settlements but said that he had assumed they were used to cover up consensual affairs. Glasser declined to comment to the newspaper as did Bob Weinstein . Tarak Ben Ammar and Richard Koenigsberg the other members of the board did not respond to messages from the Times. Ben Ammar told French television on Wednesday night that Weinstein had "violated the charter and we fired him within the hour." The Franco-Tunisian businessman was referring to the company's code of conduct that employees of TWC sign which covers "verbal physical sexual and racist aggression." He told news channel LCI that he couldn't speak about the ongoing investigation convened by the board but said the company has "proof." He did not elaborate. He also noted that Weinstein re-signed the code of conduct in 2015 after revelations that he had groped Italian model Ambra Battilana Guttierez. An audio recording captured when Gutierrez worked with New York City police and wore a wire in a subsequent encounter with Weinstein proved damning but did not result in any charges as prosecutors declined to move forward with a case citing insufficient evidence. [EX A]: Weinstein Company board reportedly knew about payoffs to women since 2015 [EX Q]: Michael Reagan says a dramatically different America where people have stopped caring about each other is to blame for the Valentine's Day massacre at a Florida high school. "Society has absolutely imploded society has changed " Reagan a veteran political commentator and the oldest son of President Ronald Reagan told host Miranda Khan on Newsmax TV's "America Talks Live." It is a far cry Reagan said from when he was growing up as a young man in California the son of famous movie star and future California governor and U.S. president. "When I went to school back in the 1950s they had a rifle club the school provided us rifles and bullets " Reagan recalled. "They went hunting in the afternoon after school. They took their shotguns to school. Reagan is the author of "Lessons My Father Taught Me: The Strength Integrity and Faith of Ronald Reagan " written with Jim Denney and published by Humanix. [EX A]:

Michael Reagan on Shooting: Society Has 'Absolutely Imploded'

fc-sni-persent

2de282e13e6853424b2733f9fe9a6e3db7dea1f86212bceecccc2cff6217e594

In this task, you're given a pair of sentences, sentence 1 and sentence 2. Your job is to write a single word that describes the genre that the two sentences belong to, such as face-to-face, government, letters, 9/11, slate, telephone, travel, verbatim, oup, fiction. Example input: Sentence 1: Next to the MGM Grand you will find M and M World. Sentence 2: The candy has many fans who love its attractions. Example output: travel Example explanation: The places are specifically pointed out and referred to as attractions. Q: Sentence 1: buy a whole knew metric set yeah well i think you know it's something that's going to take quite some time to happen but i i still don't think that they're doing all that it's going to take to make it happen you know it's going to happen slowly no matter what but there's going to have to be a lot more education involved than there is right now to get it to to get it to switch over Sentence 2: It will be fast to switch to metric set. A:

telephone

fc-sni-multinli

868a7e4f5ab1a04b9ef6c103efc051052d156654727e3269dd91ab4a087e8c80

Detailed Instructions: In this task, you're given a story (which contains five sentences only). Your task is to find all the characters which are available in the given story. Problem:Sentence1: Sylvia was a girl scout. Sentence2: She had been selling cookies. Sentence3: When she had delivered all of them, she realized she had extras. Sentence4: She took them to her mom's work. Sentence5: There, she was able to sell the rest. Solution:

Mom's work, Sylvia, Mom

fc-sni-storycommonsense

744835d3e02714242efedaae10b9ee4894f5d0a7f85dac65026add745dc28b1e

Given the Target and Argument texts detect the stance that the argument has towards the topic. There are three types of stances "in favor", "against", and "neutral". Q: Topic: More troops to Afghanistan under Obama Argument: Afg is backward, cannot be salvaged by US. A: against **** Q: Topic: Assisted suicide Argument: Euthanasia would not cut health care costs by very much. A: against **** Q: Topic: Michigan and Florida delegates in 2008 US elections Argument: Seating Michigan and Florida delegates in 2008 gives a voice to voters there. A:

in favor ****

fc-sni-starcon

6dc47b92c8900b3a21c1b3817e8dfd86c01286700a46002414934c6148673013

In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is a highly sensitive and selective isothermal amplification technique, operating at 37e42 C, with minimal sample preparation and capable of amplifying as low as 1e10 DNA target copies in less than 20 min. It has been used to amplify diverse targets, including RNA, miRNA, ssDNA and dsDNA from a wide variety of organisms and samples. An ever increasing number of publications detailing the use of RPA are appearing and amplification has been carried out in solution phase, solid phase as well as in a bridge amplification format. Furthermore, RPA has been successfully integrated with different detection strategies, from end-point lateral flow strips to real-time fluorescent detection amongst others. This review focuses on the different methodologies and advances related to RPA technology, as well as highlighting some of the advantages and drawbacks of the technique.

Recombinase polymerase amplification: Basics, applications and recent advances

fc-sni-coda_19

a6ae886b2920ff738e4b36cf104df57124fcbb285e6c04354ce7761cd765678d

Q: In this task you are given a small conversation between two persons and 4 options on how the conversation should continue. Your job is to choose the most reasonable option. The conversation and the options are separated by a newline character. Each dialogue in the conversation are separated by a comma. F and M indicate female and male, respectively. F: London Hotel, how can I help you please? ,M: Yes, I'd like to book a room for this week in the name of Henry Brown. ,F: Fine. Would you like a single room, a double room or a twin room? ,M: Double, please. My son will be with me. ,F: OK. Could you tell me which day, sir? ,M: Wednesday to Friday. Now check out on Saturday morning. ,F: OK. What time will you be here on Wednesday? ,M: About 5:30 PM. Can we book a table for dinner? We'd like to eat about half an hour after we get there. ,F: Certainly. (A) M: Okay, we will be there on Wednesday about 5:00 PM and then we want to eat around 5:30. (B) M: Okay, we will be there on Wednesday about 5:30 PM and then we want to eat around 6:00. (C) M: Okay, we will be there on Friday about 5:30 PM and then we want to eat around 6:00. (D) M: I didn't hear you. Please could you tell me again? A:

B

fc-sni-mutual

e29252ebd2144509fbc1a0f33a83d1123c1727cda4df24336f30b8d3f8875c06

You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task. In this task, you're given passages that contain mentions of names of people, places, or things. Some of these mentions refer to the same person, place, or thing. Your job is to write questions that evaluate one's understanding of such references. Good questions are expected to link pronouns (she, her, him, his, their, etc.) or other mentions to people, places, or things to which they may refer. Do not ask questions that can be answered correctly without understanding the paragraph or having multiple answers. Avoid questions that do not link phrases referring to the same entity. For each of your questions, the answer should be one or more phrases in the paragraph, and it should be unambiguous. Passage: Austin Millbarge is a basement-dwelling codebreaker at the Pentagon who aspires to escape his under-respected job to become a secret agent. Emmett Fitz-Hume, a wisecracking, pencil-pushing son of an envoy, takes the foreign service exam under peer pressure. Millbarge and Fitz-Hume meet during the test, on which Fitz-Hume openly attempts to cheat after an attempt to bribe his immediate supervisor in exchange for the answers backfires. Millbarge, however, was forced to take the test, having had only one day to prepare after his supervisor gives him a two week old notice leaving him vulnerable to fail and stay behind in the Pentagon trenches at his expense. Needing expendable agents to act as decoys to draw attention away from a more capable team, the DIA decides to enlist the two, promote them to be Foreign Service Operatives, put them through minimal training, and then send them on an undefined mission into Soviet Central Asia. Meanwhile, professional agents are well on their way to reaching the real objective: the seizure of a mobile SS-50 ICBM launcher. The main team takes a loss, while Millbarge and Fitz-Hume escape enemy attacks and eventually encounter Karen Boyer, the only surviving operative from the main team. In the Pamir Mountains of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic, the trio overpowers a mobile missile guard unit using hastily constructed extraterrestrial outfits and tranquilizer guns. Following orders in real-time from the intelligence agency (operating from a military bunker located deep under an abandoned drive-in theater), they begin to operate the launcher. At the end of their instructions, the vehicle launches the ICBM into space, targeting an unspecified area in the United States. Thinking they have begun a nuclear war, the American agents and their Soviet counterparts pair up to have sex before the world ends. Output:

What are Millbarge and Fitz-Hume to the DIA?

fc-sni-quoref

b863857157d7090f18d371a785adfabc3e88370ba846d7cd4aec842daea5c9e9

In this task, you're given the title of a five-sentence story, the first four sentences, and two options for the fifth sentence as a and b. Your job is to pick the sentence option that seamlessly connects with the rest of the story, indicating your choice as 'a' or 'b'. If both sentences are plausible, pick the one that makes more sense. Ex Input: Title: Fries. Sentence 1: Nico had a big craving for french fries! Sentence 2: But she had no money and her mom had none to borrow her. Sentence 3: Then her mom smiled and said not to worry - Nico would get her fries! Sentence 4: As Nico watched, her mom grated and oil-fried potatoes. Choices: a. She loved playing in the ice. b. The homemade fries were even better than Nico had thought! Ex Output: b Ex Input: Title: Cereal Disappointment. Sentence 1: I've always liked pumpkin. Sentence 2: So when I saw pumpkin flavored Puffins cereal, I bought it. Sentence 3: But when I tried it at home, I tasted no pumpkin. Sentence 4: And there was too much sugar as well. Choices: a. When Lilo came home from the groomer, he looked beautiful and clean. b. I regret buying the cereal. Ex Output: b Ex Input: Title: The Dog House.. Sentence 1: The dog went outside in the yard. Sentence 2: There was something new in the yard. Sentence 3: The dog sniffed it. Sentence 4: The dog went inside it and slept. Choices: a. Betty's family ate sandwiches at home instead. b. The dog liked its new dog house. Ex Output:

b

fc-sni-rocstories

bc22e0b8d6742f4a7f4ca0ab803871277decdb55fd28eda1ce7f1236bf7b4467

Definition: Given a comment, classify it into a 'hate' speech or 'not hate' speech. Answer using 'hate' or 'not hate'. Input: There is more history of men hitting women with no provocations. So, that is where the 'no hitting women' comes from. Ijs...let's be real. However, I have never hit a man or kicked him in the balls. I'm from the school of 'you hit me, imma hit you back'! Man, woman, child you can get it. And trust ima TRY to hit you harder than you hit me bc, you dont want this smoke. However, I do not stand with women hitting men and not EXPECTING retaliation. That's wack. Put your grown panties on and take the consequences. Slaps, punches and especially ball kicking should only be used to get away from an attack, not a reason to prove your point or your emotions. I dont think this is about equality bc men/women can be douches! This is about an equal response to a unprovoked attack against ANY GENDER. Output:

not hate

fc-sni-ethos

09b616d68c69a226fc0b0d7df2455fa5814d4d7473244cf2d2dfd2ac5b6b370e

Given the task definition and input, reply with output. You are given a paragraph (Passage), a question (Question) and two answer options (Option1 and Option2). Your task is to find the correct answer (and return the string of the correct option, not option1/2) for the given question from the given options and based on the given passage. Answer of the question can be found directly from the passage. Passage: Today I we n't to the store and got my favorite poster . The poster was a picture of the power puff girls . As I unrolled the poster I checked around my room for a clear spot on the wall to put the poster . I thought it would be as simple as that but one side of the poster was falling down before the other side was put up . With the help of my big brother he held one side of the poster so I could tape each side carefully . After I was done taping the poster to the wall I stepped back slowly to see the poster on my wall . It is always a good thing to double check , the poster may be slanted and then you would have to start all over . Question: When did they search for a spot to put the poster? Option1: after they printed the poster Option2: After bringing the poster home.

After bringing the poster home.

fc-sni-mcscript

f37dde524c122e08cbe9824710f0094ce6aaff52259651715d1bf43e5a8c1e51

In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length. Q: RSV, PIVs, and HMPV are members of the Paramyxoviridae family. The epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment of each of these viruses are discussed separately. RSV has two subtypes, A and B, with the former typically causing more severe disease. While both subtypes can simultaneously circulate during outbreaks, a few distinct genotypes of each subtype can predominate within a community. The dominant strains can also shift yearly. This shifting of viral strains, along with the waning protective immunity from natural infection, might account for frequent re-infections throughout life [38] . RSV usually causes mild and self-limited URTI in healthy older children and nonelderly adults, but certain patient populations are at risk for developing severe RSV infection, including premature or very young infants, elderly patients with comorbidities, or immunocompromised hosts [39] [40] [41] . RSV has been associated with apnea in young or preterm infants [42] and can cause severe LRTI in children including bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and acute respiratory failure [42] . Among adults infected with RSV, more than 80% are symptomatic, and lower respiratory tract signs and symptoms can occur in a quarter of the patients [43] . Signs of URTI include cough, rhinorrhea, and conjunctivitis, and compared to influenza, RSV is more frequently associated with nasal congestion, ear and sinus involvement, productive cough, and longer duration of illness [43] . A:

Respiratory Viral Infections in Transplant Recipients

fc-sni-coda_19

8de28baeea99029b4e6b8a4505b1c75253260c2955062432df67ea224a0f86e6

Detailed Instructions: In this task, you will be shown an extract from a movie plot. You need to read the extract and create questions that can be answered from the extract. Once you create a question you also need to provide the correct answer for it. Write your answer like "Question: your question, Answer: your answer". The questions should be well-formed and grammatically correct. The questions should be completely answerable from the given passage and should not require any external knowledge. Subjective questions are not allowed. Short answers containing words that are present in the passage are preferred. Create questions that result in factoid answers. A simple rule of thumb to decide whether a question is a factoid or not is to see if two different people with average reading/comprehension skills would come up with the same answer after reading the passage. Q: The film begins with an excerpt from the documentary Blind Spot: Hitler's Secretary (2002), featuring the real Traudl Junge expressing her guilt and shame for admiring Hitler in her youth. The film continues showing Hitler (Bruno Ganz) hiring Junge (Alexandra Maria Lara) as his secretary at the Wolf's Lair in East Prussia in November 1942.The story resumes on 20 April 1945, the Fuhrer's birthday, during the Battle of Berlin. A loud artillery blast wakes up Traudl, Gerda Christian and Constanze Manziarly in the room they share. Down in the Fuhrerbunker, Hitler is informed by Wilhelm Burgdorf that Berlin is under attack and then by Karl Koller that the Red Army has advanced to within 12 kilometres (7.5mi) of central Berlin.At Hitler's birthday reception, Reichsfuhrer-SS Heinrich Himmler and his SS adjutant Hermann Fegelein plead with Hitler to leave the city. Instead, Hitler declares, "I will defeat them in Berlin, or face my downfall." Himmler leaves to negotiate surrender terms with the Western Allies, behind Hitler's back. In another part of the city, a group of Hitler Youth members are bolstering defenses. Peter, one of the members, is urged by his father to desert but refuses.In yet another part of the city, SS physician Ernst-Gunther Schenck convinces a general to allow him to ignore an evacuation order and is then requested by Brigadefuhrer Wilhelm Mohnke to bring any available medical supplies to the Reich Chancellery. Meanwhile, Hitler discusses his new scorched earth policy with his Minister of Armaments, Albert Speer, while Eva Braun holds a party for the bunker inhabitants that is broken up by artillery shells.The next day, while his unit is fighting off the Red Army, General Helmuth Weidling is summoned to the bunker to await execution for ordering a retreat to the west. After explaining to Hans Krebs and Burgdorf that it was a misunderstanding, Weidling is promoted by Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel to oversee Berlin's crumbling defences. Hitler orders an attack from Felix Steiner's unit to stem the Soviet advance army groups which at this point only exist on paper. Later, Hitler is informed by Krebs and Alfred Jodl that Steiner physically could not mount the attack. Dismissing everyone from the room except for Keitel, Jodl, Krebs, and Burgdorf, Hitler flies into a furious rage against what he perceives are traitorous actions against him and finally acknowledges that the war is lost. However, he is determined to stay in Berlin to the bitter end, even if it means killing himself, saying "But, gentlemen, if you believe I'm going to leave Berlin, you are seriously mistaken. I'd rather blow my brains out."After seeing conscripted civilians of the Volkssturm needlessly gunned down in battle, General Mohnke confronts Joseph Goebbels, their commander, about the slaughter. Goebbels tells Mohnke that he has no pity for the civilians, as they chose their fate. Hitler loses his sense of reality and orders Field Marshal Keitel to find Admiral Karl Donitz, who Hitler believes is gathering troops in the north, and help him plan an offensive to recover the Romanian oil fields.Later on, Martin Bormann interrupts a meeting between Hitler, Goebbels, and Walther Hewel to read a message from Luftwaffe chief Hermann Goring requesting permission to assume command and become head-of-state. Hitler responds by stripping Goring of his rank, ordering his arrest, and naming Robert Ritter von Greim as his replacement. Hitler then receives further upsetting news when Speer informs him that he has defied Hitler's scorched earth policy orders. Hitler does not punish Speer, but he does not shake his hand as Speer leaves.At dinner, Hitler receives a report that Himmler has contacted Folke Bernadotte in an attempt to negotiate surrender. Hitler orders von Greim and his mistress, test pilot Hanna Reitsch to find Himmler and that his adjutant Fegelein to be brought to him. After being informed by Otto Gunsche that Fegelein has deserted, Hitler orders Fegelein executed for treason.Reichsphysician SS Ernst-Robert Grawitz, the head of the German Red Cross also responsible for Nazi human medical experiments, asks Hitler for permission to evacuate Berlin for fear of reprisal from the Soviets for his actions. When he does not get it, Grawitz goes home and kills himself and his family with grenades. That night, Fegelein is arrested and executed by an RSD squad.News grows even grimmer as Weidling reports to Hitler there are no reserves left, and Mohnke reports that the Red Army is only 300 to 400 metres from the Reich Chancellery. Hitler reassures the officers that General Walther Wenck's 12th Army will save them. After Hitler leaves the conference room, the generals all agree that is impossible. After midnight, Hitler dictates his last will and testament to Traudl, before marrying Eva Braun. Hitler orders Goebbels to leave Berlin, but Goebbels refuses.Hitler summons Dr. Schenck, Dr. Werner Haase, and nurse Erna Flegel to the bunker to thank them for their medical services for the wounded. Dr. Haase explains to Hitler the best method for suicide as well as for administering poison to Hitler's dog, Blondi. Hitler eats his final meal and then bids farewell to the bunker staff. He then gives Magda Goebbels his own Golden Party Badge Number 1. Emotionally overcome by the gesture, Magda tries to convince Hitler to reconsider suicide, but Hitler does not. Hitler and Eva then kill themselves and, as per his orders, are cremated in the Chancellery garden.Meanwhile, Krebs meets with Marshal Vasily Chuikov of the Red Army to negotiate peace terms but returns unsuccessful. Goebbels berates his generals, reminding them Hitler forbade them to surrender. Hans Fritsche leaves the room to try and take matters into his own hands, only to nearly be shot by an angry Burgdorf.After this, with the help of SS Dr. Ludwig Stumpfegger, Magda kills her six young children with cyanide. She and her husband then walk up to the Chancellery garden, where Goebbels shoots his wife and then turns the gun on himself. The remaining staff in the bunker begin to evacuate, while Krebs and Burgdorf commit suicide. Weidling broadcasts to the city that Hitler is dead and that he will be seeking an immediate ceasefire.Traudl, Gerda, and the remaining SS troops that managed to leave the bunker are sticking with Schenck, Mohnke, and Gunsche as they try to flee the city. Hewel manages to join them, but after word reaches them of the surrender he and several others shoot themselves. The same thing happens to many others the group comes across. Meanwhile, the child soldiers have all fallen victim to the Soviet charge except for Peter, who also discovers that a Greifkommando or Feldgendarmerie squad has executed his parents.While the Red Army ranks are only streets away, Traudl decides to leave. Peter pulls her through the masses, but she blunders into a celebrating drunken Red Army soldier. Peter tugs her arm, and she hastens away. At a ruined bridge, Peter finds a bicycle and they pedal away from Berlin. The epilogue then tells the fates of the other characters and one final excerpt from the 2002 documentary, where the real life Traudl appears before the credits. A:

Question: What does Grawitz use to kill himself and his family?, Answer: Grenades

fc-sni-duorc

dc29fde6baac6b25f2fc4f02cff9a70d519fdc9771a97fb0334066c828e6195c

Teacher:In this task, you are given Wikipedia articles on a range of topics, we ask you to write a question based on the content of the articles that can be answered in a binary manner i.e. True or False. Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Povidone-iodine -- Povidone-iodine is a broad spectrum antiseptic for topical application in the treatment and prevention of wound infection. It may be used in first aid for minor cuts, grazes, burns, abrasions and blisters. Povidone-iodine exhibits longer lasting antiseptic effects than tincture of iodine, due to its slow absorption via soft tissue, making it the choice for longer surgeries. Chlorhexidine provides similar results, but with equal toxicity concerns. Student:

is povidone iodine the same as iodine tincture

fc-sni-boolq

a95f3401a7353e527f04ce6b75fef7e2c1b3c56c1c88937038349a983497fed8

Instructions: In this task, you are given a question. You have to answer the question based on your information. Input: When was the English actress, writer, and comedian born who was a star in Girls on Top and in French and Saunders? Output:

11 October 1957

fc-sni-hotpotqa

dd2d85baebfc75eeacfc8d496f527fd6ed3f170e5b86251a35d6eca9ffc16af0

Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length. Memory B cells that are generated during an infection or following vaccination act as sentinels to guard against future infections. Upon repeat antigen exposure memory B cells differentiate into new antibody-secreting plasma cells to provide rapid and sustained protection. Some pathogens evade or suppress the humoral immune system, or induce memory B cells with a diminished ability to differentiate into new plasma cells. This leaves the host vulnerable to chronic or recurrent infections. Single cell approaches coupled with next generation antibody gene sequencing facilitate a detailed analysis of the pathogen-specific memory B cell repertoire. Monoclonal antibodies that are generated from antibody gene sequences allow a functional analysis of the repertoire. This review discusses what has been learned thus far from analysis of diverse pathogen-specific memory B cell compartments and describes major differences in their repertoires. Such information may illuminate ways to advance the goal of improving vaccine and therapeutic antibody design.

Insights From Analysis of Human Antigen-Specific Memory B Cell Repertoires

fc-sni-coda_19

aa1323fedb640d2a0f4cf5fabbf970a36545d0351cb1eb44722c0e338e1ace3b

In this task you will be given a claim and a perspective. You should determine whether that perspective supports or undermines the claim. If the perspective could possibly convince someone with different view, it is supporting, otherwise it is undermining. claim: Tablets should replace textbooks in K-12 schools. perspective: Replacing textbooks with tablets can lead to dangerous consequences for human and environmental health. undermine claim: The federal minimum wage should be increased. perspective: If minimum wage is increase so would the economy. The more money consumers have, the more consumers buy, thus also increasing the economy. support claim: The world should go vegan. perspective: A vegetarian diet provides a more healthful form of iron than a meat-based diet.

support

fc-sni-perspectrum

2b4adb39255151f359edb97e315be64f790458d3f4508a60741f8c4ff119dd5b

Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. [Q]: In an interview with Fox News, Mr Trump called Mr Tillerson, 64, a "world-class player" who has made "massive deals". As Exxon CEO Mr Tillerson has had business ties with Russia's leadership and is said to have a good relationship with President Vladimir Putin. He has criticised sanctions against Russia for its annexation of Crimea. In an interview Fox News Sunday, Mr Trump praised Mr Tillerson, saying: "He's a world-class player. He's in charge of an oil company that's pretty much double the size of its next nearest competitor." Mr Trump added that Mr Tillerson knows many of the players and he knows them well. He does massive deals in Russia." Republican Senator John McCain expressed "concern" about Mr Tillerson's potential links to Russian President Vladimir Putin, whom the senator called "a thug, a bully and a murderer", during an interview with Fox News on Saturday. However, speaking on to CBS on Sunday, he said the Senate would give Mr Tillerson a "fair hearing" should he be selected by Mr Trump. Mr Tillerson is likely to be named America's top diplomat next week. NBC News reports that ex-US ambassador to the UN John Bolton may serve as his deputy. Former New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani withdrew himself from consideration for the post last week. Under scrutiny: Analysis by Barbara Plett Usher, BBC News, Washington This is the latest twist in Donald Trump's weeks-long search for a top diplomat: he has been considering close to a dozen candidates with significantly different views and backgrounds. Transition officials say he has finally settled on Rex Tillerson although there has been no official announcement. The long-time oil executive does not have any diplomatic experience but he has done business with many foreign governments, including in Russia where he has developed a good relationship with President Vladimir Putin. That is one reason his nomination would be closely scrutinised by lawmakers - especially in the wake of intelligence assessments that Russian hackers acted covertly to promote Mr Trump's campaign. [A]: Trump praises Exxon's Rex Tillerson tipped for top diplomat [Q]: The football fans had queued overnight at a ticket office in the north-eastern state of Bahia, but fighting broke out as soon as it opened. The Arena Fonte Nova stadium cost $330m (217m) - about $50m over budget. Meanwhile, a builder was killed in an accident at another world cup venue. Raimundo Nonato Lima Costa, 49, a construction worker at the Amazon Arena in Manaus, reportedly fell from a height of about 5m (16 feet). Maracana delays Nobody was arrested after the clashes at the Arena Fonte Nova in Salvador, police said. The company in charge of the new stadium issued a statement saying it would improve on the shortcomings that became apparent on Friday. Witnesses said there were no barriers to separate the ticket booth queues. Lately, a series of events have led to criticism of Brazil's planning for the world's biggest football event. The inauguration date of iconic Maracana stadium in Rio de Janeiro, set to host the final next year, has been delayed repeatedly. Originally due reopening in December 2012, its first match is now scheduled for 27 April. Last week, the mayor of Rio de Janeiro added to the embarrassment closing the stadium due to host the athletics events at the 2016 Olympics, which was being used to replace Maracana at major football matches. Eduardo Paes told the media that a structural survey revealed a risk of the roof of collapsing at certain circumstances, including winds over 60km/h (40mph). The stadium built in 2007 and also massively over budget is to remain shut as a safety measure until further notice, but the organisers of the Olympic Games say they are confident it will be ready in time for 2016. Elsewhere, the president of Corinthians, the Brazilian club in charge of building the Itaquera stadium in Sao Paulo, recently admitted its construction could be stopped for lack of cash, which might risk it failing to be ready on time for the competition. The stadium is due to host the opening match of the World Cup. The president of the international football body Fifa, Sepp Blatter, recently said he was confident Brazil would finish preparations in time for the World Cup and the Confederations Cup, a smaller tournament that takes place a year before. [A]: Police uses tear gas in row at Brazil World Cup stadium [Q]: Paul Harvey, 80, originally improvised the composition after being given four notes to play by his son. A clip of the performance, which went viral, was intended to show how musical ability can survive memory loss. On Sunday, the single of Four Notes - Paul's Tune was aired on Radio 4's Broadcasting House for the first time. Despite being diagnosed with dementia late last year, Harvey, a composer from Sussex, has continued to be able to play piano pieces from memory and create new ones. His son, Nick, who posted the video in September, said it had been an "old party trick" of his father's to request four random notes and then improvise a song. In the video, which has had more than 60,000 likes, Nick picked F natural, A, D and B natural for his father to play. After the clip went viral, the performance was aired on Broadcasting House for World Alzheimer's Day on 21 September. This prompted listeners to ask the BBC to have the performance orchestrated, which led to the BBC Philharmonic's involvement. 'A new lease of life' Hearing the recording of the single for the first time, Paul, who was joined by his son on the programme, said: "It was very, very moving and very thrilling at the same time... "It's quite amazing that all this has happened, and in my 81st year. It's fantastic. "It's given me a new lease of life and after we've all finished here I'll go to the piano and find another four notes." Nick said: "It was amazing - it was absolutely gorgeous." Arlene Phillips, the choreographer and former Strictly Come Dancing judge whose father had Alzheimer's, and is an Alzheimer Society's ambassador, said the piece was "so beautiful". She said: "It's just incredible that four notes can stir so many mixed emotions." Jason Warren, professor of neurology at the Dementia Research Centre at University College London, said one reason people with dementia can continue to play music is because it "makes sense on its own terms". "So unlike a lot of the tests and the things we might ask people with dementia to do in the clinic, for example, or in their everyday lives, music to some extent is almost self-contained." However, he said what Paul did in his piece was "remarkable by any standard, because what that also shows is his creativity". Nick said it was hoped the single would be released on all major steaming platforms on Sunday, 1 November. All proceeds will be split between the Alzheimer's Society and Music for Dementia. [A]:

Paul Harvey: Single gives 'new lease of life' to composer with dementia

fc-sni-xlsum

a08fabb9dd2822dec309bb5218a6a7e1003b7219a8c55c231a65fc9cfd22b896

In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3. Example Input: Question: Which of the lines that uses the A-series trains began first? Passage 1:NSB Class 73 () is a class of 22 electric multiple units built by Adtranz for the Norwegian State Railways. The four-car trains were modifications of Class 71, which was again based on the Swedish X2. The A-series consists of 16 intercity trains; they were delivered in 1999 and 2000 and are used on the Bergen, Dovre and Srland Lines. The intercity service was branded as Signatur until 2003. The B-series consists of six regional trains delivered in 2002 and used on the stfold Line. The regional trains were originally part of the Agenda concept. The trains have a power output of and a maximum speed of . They have an overall length of and have a capacity for 208 seated passengers in the A-series and 250 in the B-series. The trains have a tilting mechanism allowing for faster travel through curves. Passage 2:Sculptures of Tubman have been placed in several American cities. A 1993 Underground Railroad memorial fashioned by Ed Dwight in Battle Creek, Michigan features Tubman leading a group of slaves to freedom. In 1995, sculptor Jane DeDecker created a statue of Tubman leading a child, which was placed in Mesa, Arizona. Copies of DeDecker's statue were subsequently installed in several other cities, including one at Brenau University in Gainesville, Georgia. It was the first statue honoring Tubman at an institution in the Old South. The city of Boston commissioned Step on Board, a 10-foot-tall bronze sculpture by artist Fern Cunningham placed at the entrance to Harriet Tubman Park in 1999. It was the first memorial to a woman on city-owned land. Swing Low, a 13-foot statue of Tubman by Alison Saar, was erected in Manhattan in 2008. In 2009, Salisbury University in Salisbury, Maryland unveiled a statue created by James Hill, an arts professor at the university. It was the first sculpture of Tubman placed in the region where she was born. Passage 3:Creditsafe was founded in 1997 in Oslo, Norway with the idea of using the then emerging technology of the internet to supply business information to a market of smaller and medium-sized businesses by selling over the telephone and delivering reports over the internet. Following the Norwegian launch Creditsafe established an office in Gothenburg Sweden in 1998 before moving to the UK in 2000. Creditsafe re-located the UK sales operation to Caerphilly in South Wales in 2002. In 2006 Creditsafe France was launched in Roubaix near Lille. Additional entities were later launched in Dublin in Ireland in 2007, The Hague in the Netherlands in 2008, Berlin, Germany in 2010, Brussels, Belgium in 2011 and Turin in Italy in 2013. Creditsafe moved outside Europe in 2012 with the founding of Creditsafe United States in Allentown, Pennsylvania. Since launching in the USA, Creditsafe have now increased its US workforce by opening a new office in Tempe, Arizona Creditsafe established a shared service centre in Cardiff Bay, Wales in 2006 which has grown to support the sales operations around the world. In September 2016, Creditsafe set up its own operation in Japan. has its offices in Fukuoka and Tokyo Example Output: 1 Example Input: Question: What are the 4 major's of the PBA? Passage 1:Fin Donnelly (born May 27, 1966) is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the House of Commons of Canada to represent the electoral district of Port MoodyCoquitlam. He is a member of the New Democratic Party. Donnelly was first elected as a member of parliament in a by-election on November 9, 2009, in the New WestminsterCoquitlam electoral district. In the one year he spent in the 40th Canadian Parliament, he acted as the party's fisheries critic and introduced six private member bills. He was re-elected in 2011 and in the ensuing 41st Parliament he re-introduced the same six bills, two of which, concerning the crime of luring a child were adopted, were adopted in the Safe Streets and Communities Act. He also introduced the bill titled Ban on Shark Fin Importation Act which was voted upon but defeated by the Conservative Party majority. He acted was the official opposition's critic on Fisheries and Oceans until the 2012 leadership election after which Tom Mulcair moved him over to critic on Western Economic Diversification and then demoted him to role of deputy critic. Donnelly again won re-election in the 2015 federal election and was promoted back to fisheries critic. In the 42nd Parliament he re-introduced his previous bill to make closed containment facilities mandatory for commercial finfish aquaculture but the bill was defeated. Passage 2:The PBA Tournament of Champions is one of the four major PBA (Professional Bowlers Association) bowling events. The inaugural event, held by the PBA in , featured all 25 PBA Tour title-holders to date, and was won by PBA Hall of Famer Joe Joseph, who had qualified for the tournament only four events prior. In , the tournament featured all champions since the 1962 event, before officially becoming an annual event in 1966 (at that time featuring the most recent 48 tour champions). From 1965 to 1993, Firestone Tire sponsored the Tournament of Champions. From 1965 until 1994, the tournament was contested at Riviera Lanes (now AMF Riviera Lanes) in Fairlawn, Ohio near the long-time Firestone World Headquarters in Akron, Ohio. In a notable opening match at the 1967 Tournament of Champions finals, Jack Biondolillo rolled the first-ever nationally televised 300 game. Oddly, Biondolillo would only tally a 188 score in his next match (a victory), before being eliminated in his third match with a 172 score. Biondolillo's feat was not matched until , when Sean Rash rolled the TOC's second televised perfect game in the second match of the stepladder finals. The tournament has also seen a pair of televised 299 games, by Don Johnson () and Mika Koivuniemi (). The 2011 event also featured the lowest-ever game bowled in a nationally televised PBA event as well as the largest pin differential in a PBA match, when Koivuniemi defeated Tom Daugherty in the semifinals, 299100. Passage 3:Byce was drafted in the 11th round by the Boston Bruins in the 1985 NHL Entry Draft while attending James Madison Memorial High School, and joined up with the team during the 198990 NHL playoffs, playing eight games and scoring two goals. Over the next two seasons he played twenty-one regular season games for Boston, scoring two goals and three assists for five points, collecting six penalty minutes. He spent much of his tenure in the minors, playing in the American Hockey League for the Maine Mariners and then the Baltimore Skipjacks following his trade to the Washington Capitals in February 1992. He never played for the Capitals. In 1993, he moved to the Milwaukee Admirals of the International Hockey League followed by a spell in Sweden's Elitserien for HV71. He returned to North America with short spells at the AHL with the Portland Pirates and IHL with the San Diego Gulls, he returned to the Admirals for a second spell. He then spent four seasons with the Long Beach Ice Dogs between 1995 and 1999, leading the team in his first year with 39 goals when the Ice Dogs were playing in Los Angeles before relocating to Long Beach. He was traded to the Utah Grizzlies during the 199899 season. He played one more season in the now defunct British Ice Hockey Superleague for the London Knights before retiring in 2000. Example Output: 2 Example Input: Question: What is the birth date of the person who won the most votes in Searcy County in the 2016 presidential election? Passage 1:Rigden was editor of the American Journal of Physics from 1975 to 1985. In 1987, he joined the American Institute of Physics, where he served as Director of Physics Programs. In 1992, he was appointed Director of Development of the National Science Standards Project at the National Academy of Sciences. In 1995, he was elected chairman of the History of Physics Forum of the American Physical Society (of which he was a fellow). He also served on committees for the American Association of Physics Teachers, the American Physical Society, the American Association for the Advancement of Science (of which he was also a fellow), and the National Academy of Sciences. He served as a National Science Foundation (NSF) consultant to the country of India in 1968 and again in 1969. He was the United States Representative to the International Science Exhibition in Rangoon Burma in 1970. He was also a Fulbright Fellow to Burma in 1971 and to Uruguay in 1975. Passage 2:In 1996 Jeffrey was selected as Deputy Chief of Mission to the American Embassy Kuwait, and served during Operation Desert Fox and the evacuation of Embassy Kuwait. In 1999 he returned to Turkey, as Deputy Chief of Mission. After serving as Ambassador to Albania from 2002 to 2004, he was selected by Secretary of State Colin Powell and Ambassador John Negroponte to bridge the transition from the Coalition Provisional Authority to the new U.S. Embassy in Baghdad, and subsequently served as Deputy Chief of Mission from 2004 to 2005. He served as Charge d'Affaires in Baghdad before returning to Washington to serve as Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice's Special Advisor for Iraq from 2006 to 2007. Jeffrey then served as Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for Near Eastern Affairs, covering broader Middle East policy matters, including co-chairing the Interagency Iran Policy Group. Passage 3:Along with adjacent Newton County, Searcy is unique among Arkansas counties in being traditionally Republican in political leanings even during the overwhelmingly Democratic "Solid South" era. This Republicanism resulted from their historical paucity of slaves, in turn created by infertile soils unsuitable for intensive cotton farming, and produced support for the Union during the Civil War. These were the only two counties in Arkansas to be won by Alf Landon in 1936, Wendell Willkie in 1940, Charles Evans Hughes in 1916, and even Calvin Coolidge in 1924. In Presidential elections post-1932, Harry S. Truman and Jimmy Carter are the only Democrats to carry the county. In the 1992 election George H. W. Bush won his second-highest margin in the state, and the Republican nominee has received over 60 percent in Presidential elections from 2000 to 2012 inclusive. In 2016, Searcy County voted over 79 percent for Donald Trump, while former Arkansas First Lady Hillary Clinton received just 16 percent. Example Output:

3

fc-sni-iirc

d2e3d4721e9512d152c8db694116840b37b56e4679b2b5479e97c6a728a19668

Q: In this task, you are given a sentence. You are expected to recognize the name of gene or protein. Although there might be several correct answers, you need to write one of them. Approximately 35 % of the glucocorticoid receptors can be labeled covalently when intact thymocytes are treated with 100 nM [ 3H ] dexamethasone - 21 - mesylate for 30 min at 4 degrees . A:

glucocorticoid receptors

fc-sni-jnlpba_corpus

5f741a0758382ad528d79c405951b8624a66364a81b31a3324b72347454cbb85

In this task, you are given a part of an article. Your task is to generate headline (title) for this text. Preferred headlines are under fifteen words. Input: Consider Input: This paper presents complexity analysis and variational methods for inference in probabilistic description logics featuring Boolean operators, quantification, qualified number restrictions, nominals, inverse roles and role hierarchies. Inference is shown to be PEXP-complete, and variational methods are designed so as to exploit logical inference whenever possible. Output: Complexity Analysis and Variational Inference for Interpretation-based Probabilistic Description Logics Input: Consider Input: In many domains it is desirable to assess the pref erences of users in a qualitative rather than quan titative way. Such representations of qualitative preference orderings form an important compo nent of automated decision tools. We propose a graphical representation of preferences that re flects conditional dependence and independence of preference statements under a ceteris paribus (all else being equal) interpretation. Such a rep resentation is often compact and arguably natural. We describe several search algorithms for domi nance testing based on this representation; these algorithms are quite effective, especially in spe cific network topologies, such as chainand tree structured networks, as well as polytrees. Output: Reasoning With Conditional Ceteris Paribus Preference Statements Input: Consider Input: The online Markov decision process (MDP) is a generalization of the classical Markov decision process that incorporates changing reward functions. In this paper, we propose practical online MDP algorithms with policy iteration and theoretically establish a sublinear regret bound. A notable advantage of the proposed algorithm is that it can be easily combined with function approximation, and thus large and possibly continuous state spaces can be efficiently handled. Through experiments, we demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed algorithm.

Output: Online Markov decision processes with policy iteration

fc-sni-peer_read

b89243d113555b3a53d89fa206e6642e08cf7af2fc3e10dee5ac214b9229db83

In this task, you are given a public comment from online platforms. You are expected to classify the comment into two classes: threat and non-threat. Threat is a statement that someone will be hurt or harmed, especially if the person does not do something in particular. One example is below. Q: Comment: Enough already. Cut the head off this snake. A: Threat Rationale: This comment conveys a violent threat to someone. Q: Comment: This op-ed is unbelievably vague even for Samuelson. Half of it is composed of 'weasel' words. "Seems, seemed, conceivable, thinks, could be flawed, arguably, caveats, suggest." He should just admit that he doesn't have a clue and move on; but who would pay him for that? A:

Non-threat

fc-sni-jigsaw

aff0bfce867da811f6eb750f859b5da80f30d4335f49508128f0fc415840ddc6

Detailed Instructions: You are shown a conversation between a user and system. Identify who has spoken the indicated sentence based on the conversation. Q: Sentence1: Yes, I'd like more information on one in the centre area please. Sentence2: There are 18 colleges that match. Do youhave any preferences in terms of locations? Sentence3: There are many options. May I suggest Christ's College? Sentence4: That sounds good. May I have the postcode, phone number and address. Sentence5: Christ's college is at saint andrew's street, no fee, phone number 0122333490, postcode cb23bu. Is there anything else I can help you with today? Sentence6: I am looking to visit some places of interest while I am in Cambridge. Perhaps some colleges? Question: Who has spoken the sentence 1? (A) User (B) System A:

Answer: (B) System

fc-sni-multi_woz_v22

106a75571015698744dc8ae0e24abba0402048995c8455eace4f51d9641507bf

In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision. Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. The four incorrect answers are other holding statements. You should find the correct option. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted. are reversed with instructions that he be re-sentenced under a correctly calculated score sheet. Cooper also asserts the same argument for his 41.712-month sentence on the delivery of cocaine charge. The question, however, is whether this error is harmless because Cooper was sentenced as a habitual felony offender. While the 41.712-month sentence happened to be equal to the minimum guidelines sentence under the incorrectly calculated score sheet, the guidelines scoresheet is legally irrelevant because Cooper was habitualized. See 775.084(4)(h), Fla. Stat. (2002)("A sentence imposed under this section is not subject to s. 921.002 [The Criminal Punishment Code]."); Tannihill v. State, 848 So.2d 442, 444 (Fla. 4th DCA 2003); LaFleur v. State, 812 So.2d 545, 546 (Fla. 4th DCA 2002)(<HOLDING>); Kenon v. State, 780 So.2d 258, 261 (Fla. 5th Holding statements: (A) holding habitual sentence rendered guidelines scoresheet irrelevant (B) holding defendant sentenced to term equal to maximum guidelines sentence under improperly calculated sentencing guidelines scoresheet was not entitled to be resentenced because defendant was habitualized such that sentencing guidelines score sheet was irrelevant and the sentence imposed was not illegal (C) holding if the plea agreement was not conditioned on the sentencing guidelines an appellant is not entitled to relief because his sentence is not illegal (D) holding that defendant entitled to resentencing if the sentence imposed under the unconstitutional 1995 sentencing guidelines would constitute an impermissible departure sentence under the 1994 guidelines (E) holding that defendant should be resentenced where district court imposed a sentence under an erroneously calculated guidelines range even where the sentence imposed fell within the correct range

(B)

fc-sni-casehold

b518673154a4acd25dfbc6e3bfa6706d30ebf55e68ad1dceb7ba79d871f32d36

In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match. -------- Question: This mythological figure died when a piece of a boat fell on him while he was sleeping. While on the island of Lemnos, this man fathered twin sons with Hypsipyle. Although not Cadmus, this man sowed a field with dragon's teeth as part of a series of tasks. Those tasks were given to him by King Aeetes, who ruled the island of Colchis. This man's uncle Pelias recognized him from his single sandal, and sent him on a mission where had gained the assistance of a sorceress. This man married Medea during a quest in which he searched for the golden fleece. For 10 points, name this hero, the leader of the Argonauts. Answer: Social Science Question: Japan's Chikyu Hakken is trying to reach this region, and n-waves travel along its upper boundary. Post-perovskite forms in the bottommost part of this region, the D double prime layer. P-waves slow down and S-waves disappear past the bottom of this region, and its top features a P-wave velocity jump from approximately seven to approximately eight kilometers per second. The low velocity zone of the asthenosphere is found in the upper part of this region. It is sandwiched between the Gutenburg discontinuity and the Moho, and this layer's namesake plumes form hotspots. For 10 points, name this layer of the earth between the crust and the core. Answer: Science Question: Although completely surrounded, this rulers use of wagons and firearms at the Battle of Khanwa resulted in his victory over Rana Sanga, a leader of Mewar, and he initially rose to prominence as the ruler of Fergana. Muhammad Shaybani took Samarkand from this man, only for him to regain it shortly after, and in the meantime this ruler captured Kabul. This ruler defeated Ibrahim Lodhi at the First Battle of Panipat, which marked the beginning of an empire that would last three centuries until its replacement by the British Raj in India. For 10 points, name this father of Humayun and grandfather of Akbar, the founder of the Mughal Dynasty. Answer:

Fine Arts

fc-sni-qanta

789cb6be02760f46a9f62527864d139af74c64d81d13ead3107a420777d1e945

Teacher:In this task, you are given a question and a context passage. You have to answer the question based on the given passage. Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: A set goal or milestone that a company sets for itself can also be referred to as a?, Context: BSkyB's direct-to-home satellite service became available in 10 million homes in 2010, Europe's first pay-TV platform in to achieve that milestone. Confirming it had reached its target, the broadcaster said its reach into 36% of households in the UK represented an audience of more than 25m people. The target was first announced in August 2004, since then an additional 2.4m customers had subscribed to BSkyB's direct-to-home service. Media commentators had debated whether the figure could be reached as the growth in subscriber numbers elsewhere in Europe flattened. Student:

target

fc-sni-adversarial_qa

71da5942e3b7a7962ab4959a7fc33ebacaace067aa247b1118531b2cd2c4f2c7

Instructions: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match. Input: After a request from Antoine Gambaud [gam-BO], he began a correspondence with Fermat to establish a new field of mathematics. Throughout this foundation, this mathematician and philosopher relied on a preexisting arrangement of numbers, which gave coefficients to the types of equations with which he dealt. FTP, name this philosopher author of Penses and Provincial Letters, and mathematician, whose co-founding of probability employed a triangle now named in honor of him. Output:

Social Science

fc-sni-qanta

07308bfcf186f86315bc4a0791758f2991d642b5180073b239e2d3c9389844db

Given reviews from Amazon, classify those review based on their content into two classes: Negative or Positive. -------- Question: The Story is appropriate and some parts are really funny but some of it is horrible (sickest humor he's done in any of his movies that I've seen). Definately not for kids. I expected better after Mr. Deeds. Adam Sandler is really talented and there is no reason he has to produce such trash. I love the Chanukah Song! I'm not a Jew but it makes me want to celebrate Chanukah.There are only two real redeeming features of the movie. These are the little old man Whitey, because he loves everyone in his actions even though they treat him like ..., and Stone's repentence (for lack of a better word) at the end. Answer: Negative Question: Like all of her Scarpetta mystery novels, Patricia Cornwell has proven again that she must have been one dynamite of a Coroner when she was practicing. She has a wealth of information in her books and it is so interesting to follow as she progresses to solving the mystery. I've never enjoyed reading as much as when I pick up a Cornwell novel. Answer: Positive Question: My daughter received this item as a Christmas gift. About a month ago it just stopped working. We have had several emails and phone calls back and forth to the company, "Creative" is an accurate name for them...they are creative about honoring the 90 day warranty by putting you off until you are out of warranty. They have promised three times to email me the forms to have it fixed or replaced...and nothing yet. I emailed the company again today. They do not have a customer service number that is toll free, and I am about done running up my phone bill.We were happy with it for the first 60 days or so, but now, I will never buy another "Creative" product again, based on their customer service. Answer:

Negative

fc-sni-amazon_polarity

b57453fbd275082e6207e34c2795fb3a760f6c8a94ec25a5381c9f0d04165a2d

Your task is to extract the thesis of an opinionated news article by selecting some of its text segments. The thesis is a summarization of what the author wants to persuade the reader of. Your answer should consist of segments of the given text. Note that you are not allowed to combine different sentences. Q: Free community college isn't a joke for families who spend half their income to send a child. In the United States today, the odds of getting a degree are more tightly linked to family income than ever before, thanks to skyrocketing college costs and insufficient and misallocated federal and state financial aid funds . Although the federal government distributes about $170bn a year in financial aid to many types of students attending many types of schools , many low-income families still have to pay too much . Low-income families often end up paying about 40% of their family income for a member to attend community college - and , for four-year colleges, the bill can add up to a whopping 59% of a family's earnings . Even middle-class families may be asked to spend or borrow a quarter of their annual income to finance one child's attendance at a public university , while the costs of a private one are yet higher . As a result, many families of modest means are unable to afford college . Students from middle- and low-income families have also become more likely to drop out from public colleges and universities, leaving with debts they can't afford to pay back rather than degrees . But these are more than just personal tragedies : they represent a significant loss to America's economy and competitiveness for decades to come . On Friday, President Obama offered a simple, universal solution: free tuition for two years at community colleges for students who maintain a 2.5 grade point average, attend at least half-time and make steady progress towards completing their program . The federal government would cover three-quarters of the average cost of community college , and participating states would be expected to pick up the rest . The last time a president did something this bold on higher education was the original Higher Education Act of 1965 . Then, President Lyndon Johnson had a huge Democratic majority in Congress to support his proposal . President Obama, on the other hand, faces a tougher road in a government run by Republicans who are reluctant to support spending more money to help poor and middle class people - yet they should forego partisanship and take this legislation seriously . Instead of being available only to the poorest students(like Pell grants) free community college tuition would be available for all . The most powerful and enduring American social policies - Social Security, infrastructure investments like the highway system and indeed public education itself- have always benefitted everyone . As it stands now , America's outdated student aid policies simply aren't fulfilling their mission and are instead actively failing to make college affordable for all students . And, unlike many other proposals to fix the twin problems of college affordability and student debt focused on four-year programs, free community college has the potential to meet the immediate needs of employers , who often say that they cannot find potential candidates with needed skills . Community college programs in fields like nursing, technology and even management are designed to give students the skills that employers need more quickly than the average bachelor's degree program . Obama's plan is far from perfect . It is not a catch-all solution , and other major problems in American higher education still need to be addressed- including for-profit colleges that consume vast amounts of federal aid dollars but often leave students with little more than terrible debt burdens . The costs of private and public four-year institutions should not be ignored , so that the number of bachelor degree graduates will again rise . And the President's proposal only gives students a discount on tuition , which is just one part (albeit a major one) of the cost of going to school . Yet there is no question that Congress should, if anything, seek to outdo Obama with an even more ambitious proposal, rather than negotiate to reduce his package . They should not let this proposal die upon arrival . Families can't afford to wait through more years of inaction . [Editor's note: The author advised the White House on this effort, but was not compensated for her work .] A:

As a result, many families of modest means are unable to afford college Students from middle- and low-income families have also become more likely to drop out from public colleges and universities, leaving with debts they can't afford to pay back rather than degrees

fc-sni-news_editorials

8528d3a03974abd89d7bbb859f791c85c516c0fbe74e5685a702bfe21464c7a0

TASK DEFINITION: Classify the given tweet into the three categories: (1) 'Hate Speech', (2) 'Offensive' and (3) 'Neither'. 'Hate Speech' is kind of a threating statement or sometimes include call for violence while 'offensive' statement just offensds someone. 'Neither' is when it doesn't fall into Hate Speech or Offensive category. PROBLEM: 🍪 RT @Ms_SadaClay: I love salad RT"@viaNAWF: Anyway fuck you hoes, eat a salad." SOLUTION: Offensive PROBLEM: #CelebrityLeakedPhotos YEAH> NOW YOU KNOW how it feels knowing the #NSA is on all our phones. Quit whining like #muslim #bitches. SOLUTION: Offensive PROBLEM: RT @CloutGod: Horrible rapper #1 Tyga - Most trash rapper ever "She want a yellow nigga, corn on the cob" I smacked my mom when I heard him SOLUTION:

Hate Speech

fc-sni-hate_speech_offensive

3183c5ae30434a94df65fe1c17a365cb3f6b5586bbb43f1abddeaa98ffed7972

Detailed Instructions: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match. Q: A specific form of this process is graphically represented as "dumbbell shaped" and is alternatively called vicariant. In a 1977 paper, Jared Diamond discussed the "inter-archipelagial" and "continental" method of this process, the latter of which is only applicable to birds. Two ways in which this process can occur are ploidy changes, and hybridization, and it can also occur due to adaptive radiation. The rate of the occurrence of this process is often disrupted in punctuated equilibrium, and it exists in peripatric, sympatric, and allopatric varieties. For 10 points, name this biological process which makes a group of organisms unable to interbreed with another. A:

Science

fc-sni-qanta

c6626ca035493ece092d309dd1e65d1a9a1b3bd698204908228e7703a3294730

TASK DEFINITION: You are given a paragraph (Passage), a question (Question) and two answer options (Option1 and Option2). Your task is to find the correct answer (and return the string of the correct option, not option1/2) for the given question from the given options and based on the given passage. Answer of the question can be found directly from the passage. PROBLEM: Passage: I was sight seeing and wanted to take some pictures , so I brought my camera with me . At the first sight I got my camera out of the case , took off the lens cap , turned it on , and looked through the viewfinder . Before I could even focus on the scenery , I noticed the red " low battery " light blinking on the screen . I turned the camera back off , and dug around in the camera bag to find a new battery which had a full charge . I was careful to look at the direction in which I took it out , because sometimes I forget the right way to insert the new battery , even though there is a diagram on the inside of the compartment . I placed the old battery back in my camera bag , and then I inserted the new battery into the compartment . I clicked the cover back in place and turned the camera back on . When I looked through the viewfinder this time , I had a full battery and was ready to take all the pictures I could want ! Question: What did the person open? Option1: The battery compartment on the camera. Option2: The camera's battery. SOLUTION: The battery compartment on the camera. PROBLEM: Passage: I made a dentist appointment for today in order to have my cavity filled . So I made sure to brush my teeth very well , ensuring to get every crevice on both sides of my mouth . I also flossed my teeth to ensure that when I arrived at the dentist , they would see that I have taken good care of my teeth . In fact , I stressed in a T-shirt , a pair of jeans , and a pair of sneakers to that I could be as comfortable as possible . I drank a tall glass of water , then grabbed my car keys and headed out the door into the car . I started the ignition in May my way to the dentist office , and once I arrived , i.e. found a parking spots for the car , then went inside . Once inside , I told the receptionist that I had an appointment with my dentist , she gave me a clipboard and told me to fill out the information and have a seat . I sat down in the waiting area , filled out the form on the clipboard , and waited for my name to be called . Question: What did they anticipate having done? Option1: Captivity filling Option2: teeth whitening SOLUTION: Captivity filling PROBLEM: Passage: Today I took a trip to the library . The library is so much fun because there are so many different books to see there . When I got to the library I walked up and down the aisles looking for the perfect book for me . I asked the librarian to help me find one . She looked on her computer and found a great book about horses but it had already been taken home by someone else . So she looked again and found a cool book about basketball . After I got the book off of the shelf , I took it over to the counter and gave it to a lady behind the desk . She asked for my library card . I gave her the card and she scanned it and my book . Then she gave me a slip of paper that said I needed to bring the book back in two weeks . Question: What was the book about? Option1: slip of paper Option2: basketball SOLUTION:

basketball

fc-sni-mcscript

3a9008afe3bb27f42e48be8764ec27e726fc3057c7794df07e19110d93d3fe2f

Given reviews from Amazon, classify those review based on their content into two classes: Negative or Positive. Example input: I've read this book with much expectation, it was very boring all through out the book Example output: Negative Example explanation: Review writer does not like the book because it was boring, therefore it is a negative review. Q: While I will readily admit that Trevor has incredible command of the English language, what is even more displayed in Felicia's Journey is the lack of a sympathetic character. The title character-a young, pregnant runaway searching for her baby's father-should have been one with whom you could sympathize. Instead, Trevor's love affair with language never quite manages to include his characters, leading to an unsatisfying reading experience. Couple the lack of emotion with a depressing ending, and you have a book best suited to gathering dust. A:

Negative

fc-sni-amazon_polarity

dca19eb50f124fd07397e0072ce898c59a73aa9a93531ea4f46695a379d97890

You are given two sentences(Sentence1 and Sentence2). Answer "Yes" if these sentences are a paraphrase of one another, otherwise answer "No". Q: Sentence1: OpForce 3.0 supports Solaris , IBM AIX , Red Hat Linux and Windows ., Sentence2: The OpForce product currently works with Solaris , AIX , Red Hat Linux and Windows servers . A:

Yes

fc-sni-mrpc

5f54cc6b1561ad1885a8ed9f73aab08badb58212050a1380544e793b0e43424c

Definition: You are given a paragraph (Passage), a question (Question) and two answer options (Option1 and Option2). Your task is to find the correct answer (and return the string of the correct option, not option1/2) for the given question from the given options and based on the given passage. Answer of the question can be found directly from the passage. Input: Passage: Last year my husband and I attended a community theater production of '' Man of La Mancha '' . It was held at a very nice modern theater that is part of a community center in a nearby town . I enjoy the music in '' Man of La Mancha '' very much . The play started at 8:00 p.m. and since there were no reserved seats , we left early . We drove in our car to the theater . We arrived at 7:30 . They gave us a program which contained a lot of information about the play , the actors and production crew , and the community theater company in general . We read that program until the play started . When the lights went down in the '' house '' -LRB- which is what they call the audience part of the theater , where you sit -RRB- , an orchestra began to play . The music at the beginning is called '' the overture . '' They played the overture for about five minutes . Then the curtain went up and the play began . There was some dancing , and as this was a play about Don Quixote and Sancho Panza , the two main characters rode '' pretend '' horses which were like boxes around their waists but you could see their legs underneath . '' Man of La Mancha '' is a funny story with a sad ending because Don Quixote -LRB- really the author Miguel de Cervantes -RRB- goes to prison . There was an intermission in the middle of the performance where they stopped the action , put the lights on in the '' house '' -LRB- where the audience sits -RRB- , and we went out into the lobby of the theater to buy a Coke . We knew the play was over when the stage curtain was lowered for the final time . The curtain did go up again , one more time , as the actors came out onstage and we applauded them . We had also applauded them after every song during the play . Then the house lights went up for the final time , we left the theater , got into our car and went home . Question: The show consisted of what, along with several acts? Option1: a play about Don Quiote and Sancho Panza Option2: intermission Output:

a play about Don Quiote and Sancho Panza

fc-sni-mcscript

d723ed5df7a826509c78f9eb02f33f4dd21be6cafeab60574f7c8e3ebd235a48

In this task, you're given a story (which contains five sentences only). Your task is to find all the characters which are available in the given story. [Q]: Sentence1: This morning I started my day full energy. Sentence2: I cleaned the glass coffee and lamp tables. Sentence3: I scrubbed the bathroom like it belonged in a five star hotel. Sentence4: I cooked Tuna Croquettes, Fennel rice and made a strawberry salad. Sentence5: Now it's evening and I am tired with no more energy. [A]: I (myself) [Q]: Sentence1: Alfredo realizes that his stereo system at home is getting old. Sentence2: He decides to look for a replacement. Sentence3: Alfredo buys a great stereo system on sale at a local store. Sentence4: He sets it up at home and it sounds great! Sentence5: Alfredo feels happy now that he has a new stereo system at home. [A]: Alfredo [Q]: Sentence1: Harry was being sued for defamation. Sentence2: He was confident he would win so he didn't hire a lawyer. Sentence3: He lost the case. Sentence4: He was ordered to pay the plaintiff. Sentence5: Harry realized he should have hired a lawyer. [A]:

Plaintiff, Harry

fc-sni-storycommonsense

2be34d66616ed4d8bbee6083a1b1e54de8004fff8d5616453339666bbde2efcd

instruction: In this task you will be given some text dialogue and you need to infer the underlying emotion of the text. The possible emotions are happy, sad, angry, or other. question: i don't have money for that you should get a job and save up nobody gives me job answer: sad question: hum not serious how you know not woman answer: other question: ok u are okay what is your surname answer:

other

fc-sni-emo

318cdf80f0da3f43e155cdd53420a26451c4dc0c99475b29b7a04b80e14e6056

Q: You are shown a conversation between a user and system. Identify who has spoken the indicated sentence based on the conversation. Sentence1: Thank you! I'm actually looking for places to go in town, some type of entertainment. Sentence2: I booked you a grey audi from nusha to j restaurant, to pick you up at 8:15. Contact number is 07366723589. Is there anything else I can do? Sentence3: it should leave by 08:15 Sentence4: How about nusha? It's in the south. Sentence5: No, I need a taxi from Nusha to the restaurant. Sentence6: No, thank you. That's all I need today. Sentence7: I don't have any information on the entrance fee, but their postcode is cb17dy. Can I help you with anything else? Sentence8: I'm looking for a cheap restaurant in the centre. Sentence9: I have 15 different restaurants matching your preferences, would you like a specific type of food? Sentence10: I hope you have a great stay. Goodbye. Sentence11: That sounds great. Can i get the postcode and is there a entrance fee? Sentence12: No, any one will be fine. Will you pick one and send me the phone number and postcode? Sentence13: Okay, what time do you need the taxi for? Sentence14: Okay, what time would you like to arrive in Nusha? Sentence15: The phone number to J restaurant is 01223307581. Sentence16: Yes, I need a taxi to get from the restaurant to Nusha. Question: Who has spoken the sentence 14? (A) User (B) System A:

Answer: (A) User

fc-sni-multi_woz_v22

d20377f0d4b79dfab24327d410a30b713a979fa7a02453e64a98448451e7ac9e

You will be given a context, a subject and a relation. Your task is to generate a question based on the subject and relation. The generated question should include the given subject. Try to use a minimum number of words that are not present in either context, subject or relation while generating question. [EX Q]: Context : Marc Perrin de Brichambaut was born in Rabat, Morocco. Subject : Marc Perrin de Brichambaut Relation : occupation [EX A]: What was Marc Perrin de Brichambaut's career? [EX Q]: Context : Sean Dunphy (30 November 1937 -- 17 May 2011) was an Irish singer who represented Ireland at the 1967 Eurovision Song Contest, achieving second place with ''If I Could Choose''. Subject : Sean Dunphy Relation : occupation [EX A]: What was Sean Dunphy's occupation? [EX Q]: Context : Joachim du Bellay, Firmin-Didot et cie, 1930 Estaunie, John Charpentier, Francis Ambriere, Firmin-Didot et cie, 1932 Les grandes vacances, 1939-1945, Les Editions de la nouvelle France, 1946, (reprint Editions du Seuil, 1956) The long holiday Translator Elaine P. Halperin, Publisher Ziff-Davis Pub. Co., 1948 Le solitaire de la Cervara, V. Attinger, 1947 The exiled, Staples Press, 1951 Le Maroc, Les Documents d'art, 1952 Theatre et collectivite, Flammarion, 1953 Le Siecle des Valmore, Seuil, 1987 Mademoiselle Mars et Marie Dorval: au theatre et dans la vie, Seuil, 1992 Talma, ou l'histoire au theatre, Madeleine Ambriere, Francis Ambriere, Editions de Fallois, 2007, ISBN 978-2-87706-638-9 Subject : Francis Ambriere Relation : award received [EX A]:

Which award was honoured to Francis Ambriere?

fc-sni-question_&_answer_zre

97abd1f267267415fcdc2724390a86b42a16ec67ea988c629319073fc403012f

In this task, you are given books product reviews in English language. The goal is to classify the review as "POS" if the overall sentiment of the review is positive or as "NEG" if the overall sentiment of the review is negative. [EX Q]: Not worth Saving . People have called Chuck Palahniuk's writing many things: Neo Goth, Modern Goth., New Goth....just dont get the idea that its all about whiny teenagers wearing black and griping about their latent vampire powers through bad poetry. No, Palahniuk writes a different kind of book without all of the grim color and stale mythology, but he maintains the same themes: deterioration of the human condition, lack of moral fiber in today's society, and the danker recesses of the human psyche. Survivor tackles these topics with dazzling success and even enters a few new contenders to the mix such as commercialism, consumerism, and materialism. And this is all very old news to absolutely everybody but me, because Chuck Palahniuk has been around for a while now. It was only until recently I decided to pick up one of his paperbacks at the suggestion of my thugish Top 8 Myspace friend with too much facial hair and the clown tattoo. Now, the way I like my stories told is with a good opening page, a large use of style, and a frugal use on the words. Typically, I don't read too many novels over 300 pages long. I have read plenty of longer books in the past, and all too often the only thing that separates a long story from a short one is that the author of a short book knows how to consolidate his word use and when to shut up. I'm happy to say Chuck Palahniuk is such a writer by all counts. Like any good stylist, his words flow like water straight from the page into your brain as the protagonist's situation is fleshed out. Survivor opens in the first person with a single man on a plane preparing to crash into the Australian Outback. He's the last surviving member of a death cult who has made some strange decisions...some better than others. At this time he is known the world over as a great spiritual leader, Anti Christ figure, and media mogul. There are many misconceptions about who he is and why he's on said death plane, and he'd like to set the record straight with the help of the jets black box. And from there we meet the narrator, Tender Branson, now in the past tense and living in humble times as a religious servant. Members from his cult are killing themselves left and right, so the government gives Branson his own psychotherapist and puts him on suicide watch. But Branson is way past believing anything the church filled his mind with, and is more interested in telling other people to kill themselves after they find one of his phony suicide hotline numbers stuck to the side of a bus stop. He works for a couple that is very well off, and through his years of service has accumulated a library's worth of useful housekeeping tips. The reader is educated, in detail, how to properly remove tear stains from pillow cases, urine from drapes, bullet holes in walls, and blood from fur coats. Everyday situations are presented from the most warped of perspectives, and depending on the readers attitude, this may either be disturbing or refreshing. Example: Is learning that everyone you love will someday die from owning and loving upwards of six hundred pet Goldfishes that have all died strike you as ironic, or sad? Are you intrigued by romances sparked in a cemetery, or turned off? How about an over analytic shrink who convinces a hypochondriac that he has multiple problems in an attempt identify and cure just one? Clever, or whatever? If you're leaning towards the former with any of these, I might have an author to recommend. The characters are wonderful, and I took to them like a kid to a black van with candy. They have no need for convention. They have their own means of courtship, their own philosophies forged in solitude and cynicism, their own reasons for being attracted to someone else, and their own reasons for living and dying. But none of this is to say that everything is Mentos and Diet Coke. While I've never read another Palahniuk book, I have seen Fight Club, a filmed adaptation if his book, and the voice of the protagonist in that story is very similar to the voice in this one. I couldn't even read a sentence here without hearing Edward Norton's voice, so similar were the personalities. Both had a very sardonic tone towards everything modern and cynical one liners about the status quo. Sloppy, but Ill let it pass. Did I mention that everything I just said only applies to the first half of the book? The second half falls to pieces and leaves what could have been over arching themes or meanings in smouldering shambles. It's a shame really. The first one hundred and fifty pages of Survivor read very much like something I might very well write ten years from now, whereas the second half was more like the rough draft of something I could write now. Character actions break the bank of plausibility and some scenes read like the author is trying to beat you over the head with some point that you just can't make out. For a book that started out so strong, I was left with a story that ultimately delivered nothing but the comical and poignant one liners it offered along the way. But hey, that's life, isn't it? Well sure, its life, and its shaggy dog story telling too, but read both halves and tell me that something wasnt wasted from the first one. Threads were coming together. If the book had stayed on course all the way through, I'd be using this review to announce Chuck Palahniuk as my new favorite author, and maybe Survivor as a favorite book. Unfortunately, the second half was so lacking, I can barely recommend it as a whole. But there's no reason that good writing should go to waste. Use the first two chapters here to qualify yourself for all of Palahniuk's writings. You can do it in one sitting and be introduced to a wonderful mind and voice. From there you can hopscotch the Palahniuk library with some assurance that everything will be A-OK in your tragedy of choice. [EX A]: NEG [EX Q]: A Great Book about a complete Fraud! . I've always had a thought about "REVERAND" Jackson, and this book proves it! Jesse jackson isn't black - He's just a white man that's so full of s**t tha his body long ago lost the ability to absorb it [EX A]: POS [EX Q]: Engaging exercises to train your intuition . Famous mathematicians have often emphasized the role of visual intuition; e.g., Hilbert: "Who does not always use along with the double inequality a > b > c the picture of three points following one another on a straight line as the geometrical picture of the idea "between"? Who does not make use of drawings of segments and rectangles enclosed in one another, when it is required to prove with perfect rigor a difficult theorem on the continuity of functions or the existence of points of condensation?" (from his famous address at the 1900 International Congress). This book is a collection of well over 100 one-page proofs, collected from various sources. The topics range from number theory to calculus, and most of them require no advanced mathematics. Typically there is a statement of a result, with a labelled diagram showing how it is "proved"; in some cases there are a few auxiliary equations along with the picture. These are not simple, often requiring quite a bit of thought before the "Aha!" moment. Working through them is a valuable exercise for the student of mathematics--having seen, e.g., six different visual proofs of the Pythagorean theorem, one comes to really *understand* the result, not just "follow the logic". I have not encountered any better way than this book to "see" how mathematical truth is discovered and proved. It can be valuable as a supplement to courses through precalculus and elementary calculus. Perhaps one of its best uses is to inspire teachers to present results in a more lively way then "definition-theorem-proof" or "just memorize it" [EX A]:

POS

fc-sni-cls

700df212588dc3d0c931bf9a3f0fcb536129b6ba0c7ad571a1586e3cec9adbb2

In this task, you're given a sentence and your task is to generate a simplified sentence that focuses on lexical paraphrasing from the original sentence given in the input. [Q]: it was originally thought that the debris thrown up by the collision filled in the smaller craters. [A]: originally , it was thought that smaller craters were filled in with debris from the collision. [Q]: the two former presidents were later separately charged with mutiny and treason for their roles in the 1979 coup and the 1980 gwangju massacre. [A]: the two former presidents were separately charged with mutiny and treason for their roles in the 1979 coup and 1980 gwangju massacre. [Q]: the nhl instituted the icing rule on march 13 , 1939. [A]:

the nhl instituted the " icing rule " on march 13 , 19.

fc-sni-turk

5668fd59dd6ad707ba19da36ac66a7e3b47ebd2bb11b6c5837d44734f28a4580

Classify the given a piece of financial news into three classes: positive, negative, and neutral. Output must be 'positive', 'negative', or 'neutral'. [Q]: Finnish lifting equipment maker Konecranes HEL : KCR1V said on 29 July 2009 it has raised its stake in Austrian manipulator maker ACS Konecranes to 80 % and bought German sector player Knight Europe . [A]: positive [Q]: Operating profit totalled EUR 83.0 mn , up from EUR 23.5 mn year-on-year . [A]: positive [Q]: Other measures included increasing synergies and economies of scale within the Grimaldi Group and personnel adjustments , divestments and redelivery of excess tonnage . [A]:

neutral

fc-sni-financial_phrasebank

447f6f72c04756531c5b3a2fe3bcc6c91e0940539112a92906a16d355f4976ce

In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match. The beginnings of this court case can be traced back to the efforts of George Rappelyea, who wished to promote the mining industry in Dayton. Its defendant had violated the Butler Act. The defense attorney in this case called the prosecutor up to the stand and questioned him about the validity of the Bible. Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan were the main figures of, for 10 points, what 1925 court case whose defendant, a high school teacher, broke the law by teaching about evolution

History

fc-sni-qanta

c713dcc6c66720ba71299891f87674e409d0b09215582a7e6e3160153099f179

Given an open-ended topic (movie name, a persons name, an event, sports, etc) generate a simple trivia-type question. [Q]: dolore [A]: Which operatic character has a son called Dolore? [Q]: bronzino [A]: Which Florentine painter 1535-1607 used the name Bronzino after the death of his 'uncle'? [Q]: arthur slugworth [A]:

Which author created the characters 'Veruca Salt', 'Augustus Sloop' and 'Arthur Slugworth'?

fc-sni-freebase_qa

23b530f7426e4a7fc19025cc3ea3f03aa7944b88046b61ad3e5329f7ff2ac465

In this task, you're given a story (which contains five sentences only). Your task is to find all the characters which are available in the given story. Ex Input: Sentence1: George was playing outside in the backyard. Sentence2: He came across a frog. Sentence3: George grabbed the frog and put it in a jar. Sentence4: He decided to give the frog to his mom as a present. Sentence5: His mom screamed and told George to put it outside. Ex Output: George, Mom Ex Input: Sentence1: Alex was at the lake with his family. Sentence2: Some of the people were out on a boat. Sentence3: Suddenly an intense storm came rolling in. Sentence4: Everyone was worried about the people in the boat. Sentence5: Luckily, they had stopped on a beach and kept themselves safe. Ex Output: Some of the people, His family, Alex Ex Input: Sentence1: Olivia loved space. Sentence2: The idea that she was such a small speck in a huge world amazed her. Sentence3: One day she went to a planetarium. Sentence4: She was again dumbfounded by the reality of it all. Sentence5: She knew she wanted space to be a part of her future career. Ex Output:

Olivia

fc-sni-storycommonsense

51eeb089f39ee5788e8bb95556b543c842964e404518d28fa99de8218077f49b

Definition: In this task, you will be presented with a question and you have to answer the question based on your knowledge. Your answers should be as short as possible. Input: What is the age of the genus that suggests that it was attacked by the larger carnivore before both died and were buried together ? Output:

Late Triassic

fc-sni-hybridqa

8c7aa648142e79ea25749739d4014db917702c451a998f34acc9bb7b536b02df

You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task. In this task, you are given a Reddit post as a text. Your task is to generate a title for this text. The title should start with "TIFU by", followed by a situation that caused humor. The title should contain 7-12 words, ideally. Text: title speaks for itself really... i just wasted $1500 of my parents' money. i feel terrible. edit: i guess it wasn't that i took the wrong class, but the class i was taking wouldn't transfer credits over to my university. so really it was my negligence to do more research in the matter. gg Solution: TIFU by taking the wrong class for 2 weeks and only realizing it today Why? This title is appropriate for the given text post because the focus of this post is about a humorous situation caused by "taking the wrong class". New input: Text: this guy i was seeing said something that really hurt me the other day and i wrote up a really emotional message which i didn't send because i wanted to calm down before talking about it with him and i wanted to reread it so i didn't end up sounding like i was just being unjustifiably crazy, so i hit copy on my phone before clearing the text space to stop myself from accidentally hitting send. then this morning, i thought i had copied some email text to my dissertation supervisor to make sure i was on track but instead sent him the emotional message meant for the guy i was seeing. my supervisor responded with "i'm sorry but what i said is my job. i'm here to help your project and i didn't intend on my research advice to be hurtful but i'm not here to play games so you may want to consider changing supervisors if you can't handle what i have to say." Solution:

TIFU by sending a really emotional text message to my dissertation supervisor

fc-sni-reddit_tifu_dataset

a9bde532074b9eee2a67ce5cab82048b1965a840db3f2982832ab692e082acc8

In this task, you're given a pair of sentences, sentence 1 and sentence 2. Your job is to write a single word that describes the genre that the two sentences belong to, such as face-to-face, government, letters, 9/11, slate, telephone, travel, verbatim, oup, fiction. [Q]: Sentence 1: As she was about to ring it, he arrested her hand. Sentence 2: She was going to ring the village bell to warn everyone. [A]: fiction [Q]: Sentence 1: First, auditors should not perform management functions or make management decisions. Sentence 2: Auditors should perform management duties. [A]: government [Q]: Sentence 1: Start out at San Casciano in Val di Pesa, 17 km (11 miles) south of Florence, with a bonus for art-lovers of a Simone Martini Crucifixion and other Sienese works in the church of La Misericordia. Sentence 2: The Simone Martini Crucifixion is the most valuable work in the church of La Misericordia. [A]:

travel

fc-sni-multinli

de1c304194f3a80510738889041e9ddaf65052827b25b8d80ba8587a6de82612

In this task, you are given a context paragraph of the tweet and question. Your task is to generate right answer of given question based on given context tweet paragraph. -------- Question: Context: InsideHoops.com NBA @InsideHoopsThe Philadelphia 76ers signed guard Chasson Randle to a second 10-day contract today: , 12:02:29 AM Question: what kind of contract did chasson randle get? Answer: a second 10 day contract Question: Context: We made Oprah's #FavoriteThings2015! See us in the December issue of @o_magazine and at . Burt's Bees Baby™️ (@BurtsBeesBaby) November 5, 2015 Question: what company product line just made it to oprah's list? Answer: burts bees baby Question: Context: As I told @JoyAnnReid, I will not be attending #Inauguration. I will be at home in Cleveland. #IStandWithJohnLewis Rep. Marcia L. Fudge (@RepMarciaFudge) January 15, 2017 Question: where is rep fudge home Answer:

cleveland

fc-sni-tweetqa

0f4520dd54814dba98e09051cece8c548c6197514bb09706cebb2d76ffb18e60

In this task, you are given a part of an article. Your task is to generate headline (title) for this text. Preferred headlines are under fifteen words. Q: Natural language inference (NLI) is a fundamentally important task in natural language processing that has many applications. The recently released Stanford Natural Language Inference (SNLI) corpus has made it possible to develop and evaluate learning-centered methods such as deep neural networks for the NLI task. In this paper, we propose a special long short-term memory (LSTM) architecture for NLI. Our model builds on top of a recently proposed neutral attention model for NLI but is based on a significantly different idea. Instead of deriving sentence embeddings for the premise and the hypothesis to be used for classification, our solution uses a matching-LSTM that performs word-by-word matching of the hypothesis with the premise. This LSTM is able to place more emphasis on important word-level matching results. In particular, we observe that this LSTM remembers important mismatches that are critical for predicting the contradiction or the neutral relationship label. Our experiments on the SNLI corpus show that our model outperforms the state of the art, achieving an accuracy of 86.1% on the test data. A:

Learning Natural Language Inference with LSTM

fc-sni-peer_read

7ba8230fa32e29d496fe09230f3134ccf6cc6b53ca850e8ba88fd66073f6f659

In this task, you are given a review of movie. Your task is to classify given movie review into two categories: 1) positive, and 2) negative based on its content. Mark Frechette stars as Mark, a college radical leftist. Mark is accused of killing a cop during a campus riot, and he flees all the way to the desert. He does so by stealing a small plane at the local airport, and flies it himself. Once out flying over the desert, Mark spots a car from the air. A young woman named Daria steps out, and sees Mark circling in the plane. Mark swoops the plane very low several times, causing Daria to duck or get hit. When he lands, he becomes acquainted with Daria, who is strangely charmed by Mark's aerial highjinks. After engaging in soulful conversation for hours, Mark and Daria get naked, and make love in the sand. But with Mark evading the law, they realize that he needs to keep running. So Mark and Daria's brief tryst is quite poignant, because it doesn't get to develop into a full-blown romance.Zabriski Point was the Eraserhead of the early 70s. Both films have a rambling, vague quality, along with complicated meanings and characters. Frechette was as reckless in person, as his character was in this film. A few years after making Zabriski Point, Frechette robbed a bank in real life. While serving his prison sentence, Mark died an ignoble death. He was killed by a 150 lb. weight, which fell on him when he was weightlifting. The best thing about this movie was the splendid cinematography, and special visual effects. The incredible, slow-motion scenes of debris floating in the air after an explosion, were a stroke of genius. Although not as ground-breaking a film as Easy Rider was, Zabriski Point still resonated with the early 70s counterculture. I recommend it, for those who like avant-guard films which showcase the upheaval, of the youth rebellion during the early 70s. positive THE TEMP (1993) didn't do much theatrical business, but here's the direct-to-video rip-off you didn't want, anyway! Ellen Bradford (Mel Harris) is the new woman at Millennium Investments, a high scale brokerage firm, who starts getting helpful hints from wide-eyed secretary Deidre (Sheila Kelley). Deidre turns out to be an ambitious daddy's girl who will stop at nothing to move up the corporate ladder, including screwing a top broker she can't stand and murdering anyone who gets on her bad side. She digs up skeletons in Ellen's closet, tries to cause problems with her husband (Barry Bostwick), kills while making it look like she is responsible, kidnaps her daughter and tries to get her to embezzle money from the company.Harris and Kelley deliver competent performances, the supporting cast is alright and it's reasonably well put-together, but that doesn't fully compensate for a script that travels down a well-worn path and offers few surprises. negative OK, so I rented this clown-like-Chainsaw-Massacre-esquire film, not expected much, but I did like the novel approach to a serial killer film. (from the back of the box is the following synopsis) "At first, it was just a joke - a myth around the campfire - for five friends staying at a remote cabin in the Texas woods. But when they began to disappear one-by-one, replaced by scattered, bloodied body parts and voodoo effigies, the remaining few scramble for their lives. But he's out there. And he's sick. And all he wants is blood..." So obviously from the get-go it doesn't make sense: why is this clown in the woods to begin with? Why a clown? Why are their dolls with the word "food" drawn on them? Why why why? Hardly anything gets answered in this 1 hour 30 min. bore fest except where this clown lives. The characters are dumb guys, dumb girls, and a hell of a lot of bitchiness. One in particular is a girl whom they brought from a restaurant up the road, whom they thought they should help because she was getting hassled by some guy she knew. What warrants that as an excuse to bring a girl into your circle of friends or their cabin? She, of course, begins planting seeds of jealousy, having the men have sex with her by feeding their dumb minds everything they want to hear.The music was an average affair (standard frantic keyboard music like in every horror film without differences). The actors seemed to be brought from some soap opera the way they complained and whined about everything. The idea that the main guy in the film takes this girl to the cabin as their first date makes for a horrible date, but of course, she unrealistically gives herself to him on the first night of getting to know him. There was hardly a budget spent of anything, it seems, but there was a clown outfit and plenty of cheap $1-store dolls lying around in the woods, which was a horribly bland place to shoot this whole movie (been done too many times). I was also waiting for the clown to jump into the house to kill the remaining 4 characters of the film (in through the glass maybe), but nothing exciting like that ever entered the film. I guess you were just supposed to like the clown being a killer or something.I had to give the film a 3. It was an interesting premise (clown as the Texas Chainsaw Massacre character, essentially) and I'll give them a star for acting serious all the way through when the movie could've totally been a B-movie-style video, but they opted for the more legitimate style of video. But ultimately, I probably would've felt like renting the Killer Klowns from Mars video again before going back to check this out. Ah, but that cover art...pretty awesome drawing.

negative

fc-sni-imdb

f79c3e722c02d5d2064882fd598be3d4df8379add86548998d5093aef8855082

TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you're given passages that contain mentions of names of people, places, or things. Some of these mentions refer to the same person, place, or thing. Your job is to write questions that evaluate one's understanding of such references. Good questions are expected to link pronouns (she, her, him, his, their, etc.) or other mentions to people, places, or things to which they may refer. Do not ask questions that can be answered correctly without understanding the paragraph or having multiple answers. Avoid questions that do not link phrases referring to the same entity. For each of your questions, the answer should be one or more phrases in the paragraph, and it should be unambiguous. PROBLEM: Passage: Set in Casablanca shortly after World War II, escaped Nazi war criminal Heinrich Stubel has steadily murdered three different managers of the Hotel Casablanca. Disguised as a Count Pfferman, Stubel's goal is to reclaim the stolen art treasures that he has hidden in the hotel. However, the only way he can do this undetected is by murdering the hotel's managers and running the hotel himself. The newest manager of Hotel Casablanca is former motel proprietor Ronald Kornblow, who is very much unaware that he has been hired because no one else will dare take the position. Inept Kornblow takes charge of the hotel, and eventually crosses paths with Corbaccio, owner of the Yellow Camel company, who appoints himself as Kornblow's bodyguard, aided and abetted by Stubel's valet Rusty. In his many efforts to murder Kornblow, Stubel sends beautiful Beatrice Reiner to romance the clueless manager. Before Stubel can make his escape to the airfield with the loot, Kornblow, his friends, and Miss Reiner invade his hotel room and sneak from suitcase to closet and back again to unpack his bags, which serves to drive him thoroughly mad. Arrested on false charges, Kornblow, Corbaccio and Rusty eventually crash Stubel's plane into a police station where the brothers expose Stubel as an escaped Nazi. SOLUTION: What is the full name of the person who plans on running the hotel himself? PROBLEM: Passage: With MacCallum's year of financial support over, Thomson's financial future became uncertain. He briefly looked into applying for a position as a park ranger, but balked after seeing that it could take months for the application to go through. Instead, he considered working in an engraving shop over the winter. He made little effort to sell his paintings, preferring to give them away, though he brought in some money from the paintings he sold. In mid-November, he donated In Algonquin Park to an exhibition organized to raise money for the Canadian Patriotic Fund. It was sold to Marion Long for $50 (equivalent to CAD$1,100 in 2018).In the spring of 1915, Thomson returned to Algonquin Park earlier than he had in any previous year and had already painted twenty-eight sketches by April 22. From April through July, he spent much of his time fishing, assisting groups on several different lakes, and sketching when he had time. In July, he was invited to send paintings to the Nova Scotia Provincial Exhibition in September. Because he was in Algonquin Park, his friends selected three works to sendtwo unidentified works from 1914 and the sketch Canadian Wildflowers. From the end of September to mid-October, he spent his time at Mowat, a village on the north end of Canoe Lake. By November, he was at Round Lake with Tom Wattie and Dr. Robert McComb. In late November, he returned to Toronto and moved into a shack behind the Studio Building that Harris and MacCallum fixed up for him, renting it for $1 a month.In 1915, MacCallum commissioned MacDonald, Lismer and Thomson to paint decorative panels for his cottage on Go-Home Bay. In October of that year, MacDonald went up to take dimensions. Thomson produced four panels which were probably meant to go over the windows. In April 1916, when MacDonald and Lismer went to install them, they found that MacDonald's measurements were incorrect and the panels did not fit. SOLUTION: What is the name of the person who made little effort in selling his paintings? PROBLEM: Passage: Metallica is an American heavy metal band. The band was formed in 1981 in Los Angeles, California by drummer Lars Ulrich and vocalist/guitarist James Hetfield, and has been based in San Francisco, California for most of its career. The group's fast tempos, instrumentals and aggressive musicianship made them one of the founding "big four" bands of thrash metal, alongside Megadeth, Anthrax and Slayer. Metallica's current lineup comprises founding members Hetfield and Ulrich, longtime lead guitarist Kirk Hammett and bassist Robert Trujillo. Guitarist Dave Mustaine (who went on to form Megadeth) and bassists Ron McGovney, Cliff Burton and Jason Newsted are former members of the band. Metallica earned a growing fan base in the underground music community and won critical acclaim with its first five albums. The band's third album, Master of Puppets (1986), was described as one of the heaviest and most influential thrash metal albums; its eponymous fifth album, Metallica (1991), the band's first to root predominantly in heavy metal, appealed to a more mainstream audience, achieving substantial commercial success and selling over 16 million copies in the United States to date, making it the best-selling album of the SoundScan era. After experimenting with different genres and directions in subsequent releases, the band returned to its thrash metal roots with the release of its ninth album, Death Magnetic (2008), which drew similar praise to that of the band's earlier albums. In 2000, Metallica led the case against the peer-to-peer file sharing service Napster, in which the band and several other artists filed lawsuits against the service for sharing their copyright-protected material without consent; after reaching a settlement, Napster became a pay-to-use service in 2003. Metallica was the subject of the acclaimed 2004 documentary film Some Kind of Monster, which documented the troubled production of the band's eighth album, St. Anger (2003), and the internal struggles within the band at the time. In 2009, Metallica was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. The band wrote the screenplay for and starred in the 2013 IMAX concert film Metallica: Through the Never, in which the band performed live against a fictional thriller storyline. SOLUTION:

What are the first names of the people who are current members of Metallica?

fc-sni-quoref

4266ebeff4ec146a642958fa9cf74bedb548090061bc5870ee79cd07f3243dbc

In this task you are given a small conversation between two persons and 4 options on how the conversation should continue. Your job is to choose the most reasonable option. The conversation and the options are separated by a newline character. Each dialogue in the conversation are separated by a comma. F and M indicate female and male, respectively. M: When will we meet at the cinema? ,F: Tom can leave school at 4:00 o'clock. I may get there at 5:00 o'clock. Let's say 6:00 o'clock. (A) M: So let' meet at 6:00 o'clock. (B) M: So let' meet at 5:00 o'clock at the restaurant. (C) M: I'm sorry, I don't understand. Could you say it again? (D) M: So let' meet at 6:00 o'clock at the restaurant. A M: I would like to make a hotel reservation. ,F: What day will you arrive? ,M: I will arrive on May fourteenth. ,F: How long will you stay? ,M: I need the room for 3 nights. (A) F: So, you are gonna leave Shanghai on May 14th. (B) F: I am really sorry, I did not catch that. Would you slow down, please? (C) F: On May 16th, you will go to the United States, right? (D) F: Sir, you can check in our hotel on May 17th. B M: Most of our customers are foreigners. How many foreign languages can you speak, Elizabeth? ,F: Two, French and Spanish. ,M: And how well can you speak them? ,F: Well, French was my best subject at school. I can read and write it pretty well. ,M: And how about your Spanish? ,F: It's not as good as my French. I can speak it well. But my written Spanish isn't good. (A) M: I didn't hear you. Please could you tell me again? (B) M: Okay, I understand. So you are weak in writing in Spanish. (C) M: Okay, I understand. So you are good at writing in Spanish. (D) M: Okay, I understand. So you are weak in speaking in Spanish.

B

fc-sni-mutual

9c0662b4f5c96fc17df6003975e649f9745178eba54054690e223ab151af012d

Instructions: In this task, you are given a context, a subject, a relation, and many options. Based on the context, from the options select the object entity that has the given relation with the subject. Answer with text (not indexes). Input: Context: The Georgia National Guard is the National Guard of the U.S. state of Georgia, and consists of the Georgia Army National Guard and the Georgia Air National Guard. (The Georgia State Defense Force is the third military unit of the Georgia Department of Defense, part of the Government of Georgia.) The Constitution of the United States specifically charges the National Guard with dual federal and state missions. The state functions range from limited actions during non-emergency situations to full scale law enforcement of martial law when local law enforcement officials can no longer maintain civil control., The Georgia State Defense Force (GSDF, GASDF, or SDF) is an unpaid, volunteer component of the Georgia Department of Defense, serving in support of the national and state constitutions under direction of the governor and the adjutant general of Georgia. As a State Defense Force, members serve alongside the Georgia Army National Guard and the Georgia Air National Guard., The Army National Guard (ARNG), in conjunction with the Air National Guard, is a militia force and a federal military reserve force of the United States. They are simultaneously part of two different organizations, the National Guard of the Several States, Territories and the District of Columbia (also referred to as the "Militia of the United States"), and the National Guard of the United States. The Army National Guard is divided into subordinate units stationed in each of the 50 states, three territories, and the District of Columbia, and operates under their respective governors., A military reserve force is a military organisation composed of citizens of a country who combine a military role or career with a civilian career. They are not normally kept under arms and their main role is to be available to fight when a nation mobilises for total war or to defend against invasion. Reserve forces are generally not considered part of a permanent standing body of armed forces. The existence of reserve forces allows a nation to reduce its peacetime military expenditures while maintaining a force prepared for war. It is analogous to the historical model of military recruitment before the era of standing armies., The Air National Guard (ANG), also known as the Air Guard, is a federal military reserve force as well as the militia air force of each U.S. state, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the territories of Guam and the U.S. Virgin Islands. It, along with each state's Army National Guard component, makes up the National Guard of each state and the districts, commonwealths and territories as applicable., Martial law is the imposition of the highest-ranking military officer as the military governor or as the head of the government, thus removing all power from the previous executive, judicial branches of government. It is usually imposed temporarily when the government or civilian authorities fail to function effectively (e.g., maintain order and security, or provide essential services)., The Georgia Air National Guard (GA ANG) is the air force militia of the U.S. state of Georgia. It is, along with the Georgia Army National Guard, an element of the Georgia National Guard., The National Guard of the United States, part of the reserve components of the United States Armed Forces, is a reserve military force, composed of National Guard military members or units of each state and the territories of Guam, of the Virgin Islands, and of Puerto Rico, as well as of the District of Columbia, for a total of 54 separate organizations. All members of the National Guard of the United States are also members of the militia of the United States as defined by . National Guard units are under the dual control of the state and the federal government., The Georgia Army National Guard is the Army National Guard component of the Georgia National Guard , administratively part of the Georgia Department of Defense . It consists of more than 11,100 citizen - soldiers training in more than 79 hometown armories and regional facilities across the state . Georgia 's Army Guard is the eighth largest in the nation and includes combat , combat support and combat service support units . When activated under Title 10 , the Georgia Army National Guard is a component of the United States Army and is absorbed into the National Guard of the United States . Nationwide , the Army National Guard comprises approximately one half of the US Army 's available combat forces and approximately one third of its support organization . National coordination of various state National Guard units are maintained through the National Guard Bureau . When activated under Title 32 , the Georgia Army National Guard remains under state command as it fulfills a federally assigned mission ., Subject: georgia army national guard, Relation: instance_of, Options: (A) air force (B) armed forces (C) army (D) component (E) department (F) direction (G) district (H) era (I) function (J) government (K) governor (L) invasion (M) law (N) limited (O) military (P) military reserve force (Q) military unit (R) militia (S) nation (T) officer (U) part (V) range (W) ranking (X) scale (Y) security (Z) state ([) three (\) training (]) war Output:

military unit

fc-sni-wiki_hop

5de19b04b2eaa7e0f96511c543ed8fb00e1645ab4d7685712a6ee7b8efb2a1bc

In this task, you are given the abstract of a research paper. Your task is to generate a summary of this abstract. Your summary should not be very short, but it's better if it's not more than 30 words. Q: The practical usage of reinforcement learning agents is often bottlenecked by the duration of training time. To accelerate training, practitioners often turn to distributed reinforcement learning architectures to parallelize and accelerate the training process. However, modern methods for scalable reinforcement learning (RL) often tradeoff between the throughput of samples that an RL agent can learn from (sample throughput) and the quality of learning from each sample (sample efficiency). In these scalable RL architectures, as one increases sample throughput (i.e. increasing parallelization in IMPALA (Espeholt et al., 2018)), sample efficiency drops significantly. To address this, we propose a new distributed reinforcement learning algorithm, IMPACT. IMPACT extends PPO with three changes: a target network for stabilizing the surrogate objective, a circular buffer, and truncated importance sampling. In discrete action-space environments, we show that IMPACT attains higher reward and, simultaneously, achieves up to 30% decrease in training wall-time than that of IMPALA. For continuous control environments, IMPACT trains faster than existing scalable agents while preserving the sample efficiency of synchronous PPO. A:

IMPACT helps RL agents train faster by decreasing training wall-clock time and increasing sample efficiency simultaneously.

fc-sni-scitldr

2697a9718c6fc083a326457c31dff91ca88b542a01c593e6fa8558b675ef7814

In this task, you will be shown an extract from a movie plot. You need to read the extract and create questions that can be answered from the extract. Once you create a question you also need to provide the correct answer for it. Write your answer like "Question: your question, Answer: your answer". The questions should be well-formed and grammatically correct. The questions should be completely answerable from the given passage and should not require any external knowledge. Subjective questions are not allowed. Short answers containing words that are present in the passage are preferred. Create questions that result in factoid answers. A simple rule of thumb to decide whether a question is a factoid or not is to see if two different people with average reading/comprehension skills would come up with the same answer after reading the passage. When Officer Derek Washington [Ron Hall], LAPD special division, meets up with avampire and makes the mistake of putting that fact into his report, he isplaced on administrative lead and told to take a long vacation. However, Derekwas right. Gustoff Slovak [Mel Novak] is, indeed, a vampire. Once a vampire hunter, Slovakmade the mistake of tasting a vampire's blood, which turned him into the verything he hunted. Derek is on a mission to destroy Slovak.Fortunately, Derek has Samantha Morris [Merry Everest], editor of an Internet magazinethat "explores the news most media shy away from" on his side. When Derek isabout to be carved up by two of Slovak's vampires, it is Samantha who breaks inand sets him loose, and it is Samantha who introduces him to Master Kao [Gerald Okamura],vampire hunter and master of the martial arts. It is Kao who helps Derek honehis fighting skills.When Derek tries to confront Slovak, the police are called, and Derek endsup being taken down to headquarters. Derek tries to convince Captain Hall [Eric Von Kritlow] thatSlovak is a vampire, but Hall doesn't believe him. Hall should have listened.When he orders Derek to apologize to Slovak, Derek kicks Slovak in the balls.Slovak changes into a vampire and bites everyone in the room. He then cornersDerek in a dark room and bites him, too.Derek is turning into a vampire, but not totally...yet. He storms Slovak'shouse again, killing a bunch of vampires. Some other vampire hunters show up.Their vampirometer shows that Derek is at 70% vampire, so they try to destroyhim, but Derek kills them first. Some big vampire wearing tattered clothes andyelling "Argh!" attacks Derek, but Derek bests him, too.Meanwhile, Kao is fighting vampires that have invaded the house lookingfor Cassandra. Turns out that Kao was trained as a vampire hunter by Slovakhimself, but Kao chose not to follow Slovak when he went vampire. Slovak bitesKao. Derek comes home to find Kao injured, and Kao begs Derek to destroy him.Derek stabs Kao then burns his body.The last half hour of the movie has Derek fighting just about everyoneelse in the movie -- vampires, vampire hunters, friends, relatives, and police,until Slovak shows up with Cassandra and hitches her to some sort of machine.When there is no one left except Slovak and Derek, they have at each other.Slovak stabs Derek, which causes Derek to sprout his vampire teeth. Derek ripsopen the curtains, letting the sun stream in. Slovak slumps, and Derek finisheshim off. Derek carries Cassandra out and tells her to let the world know thatvampires are very real, then he goes off into the nowhere, calling himself the"first vampire assassin."

Question: Whom is the vampire?, Answer: Slovak

fc-sni-duorc

8a8d4185eddc2a51f767379d4db575be7201b9190e3341289e3bc60fb926836e

In this task, you are given a review of movie. Your task is to classify given movie review into two categories: 1) positive, and 2) negative based on its content. [EX Q]: From the decrepit ranks of the already over-saturated 'Hillybilly Horror' sub-genre comes this woeful tale of a vacationing family terrorized by inbred rednecks. Sound familiar? Well it most definitely should to anyone with even a cursory knowledge of the horror genre. There is absolutely new here. The film seems content to recycle all thee old worn out cliches (deformed hicks, a peaceful family turned gun-toting killers when push comes to show, the rebellious daughter, the one 'freak' who's good at heart, etcetera...), but does even that half-heartedly enough to make this an utter waste of time. This is forgettable dreck, but humorously enough lead J.D. Hart once starred in a movie called "Films that Suck" earlier in his career, quite an ironic omen indeed.My Grade: D- [EX A]: negative [EX Q]: WOW! What - a - movie !!!!!!!!!!! I'm not at all a fan of contemporary Italian directors. Usually I don't like dramas. I am not a Will Smith super fan even thinking that he is a very good actor......but this movie ! It is such a great movie with a such original script and so good direction and so well acting...wow...it is stunning. This movie captured my attention minute by minute and I even did not like "The pursuit of happiness" (maybe also because i did not like the acting of Will's son who is a very bad actor while children usually seems all natural born actors, I saw him also last night in "The day the earth stood still" and I confirmed my sensation that Jaden can't act). I don't want to write spoilers and so i don't talk about the story but what I can say is that this movie talks about Love, Death and other feelings which i don't like to watch in movies....but THIS MOVIE is such a super great movie. If you have a minimum of heart you'll don't regret watching it [EX A]: positive [EX Q]: This movie never made it to theaters in our area, so when it became available on DVD I was one of the first to rent it. For once, I should listened to the critics and passed on this one.Despite the excellent line up of actors the movie was very disappointing. I can see now why it went straight to video. I had thought that with Bloom, Ledger, and Rush it could have some value. All have done wonderful work in the past. The movie was slow moving and never pulled me in. I failed to develop much empathy for the characters and had to fight the urge to fast-forward just to get to the end. I do not recommend this film even if you are thinking of renting it for only for 'eye candy' purposes. It won't satisfy even that. [EX A]:

negative

fc-sni-imdb

95c5cd18243c6927a877522e38260319062066b64e3c9ed1aefb843a56d0fd74

In this task, the input is a set of dialogues between a user and an assistant. You need to find the dialogue that is basically a response given to a question or an aspect of the user. -------- Question: ok great can you tell me more about the country other interesting facts how what can you tell me about Bening The music included Native Folk, French Cabaret, American Rock, Funk and Soul, and Congolese Rumba. I do not have anymore information about the etymology, but I can tell you that the country was home to a vibrant and innovative music scene. ok great thanks do you have any more information about the music scene. What kind of music? Answer: The music included Native Folk, French Cabaret, American Rock, Funk and Soul, and Congolese Rumba. Question: That's impressive! Can you tell me more about the Portuguese in Bissau? Sorry I can't provide additional information on that but I can tell you a history fact. In the 19th century the Portuguese were really secure in Bissau, that they regarded the neighboring coastline their own territory and also up north in part of present South Senegal. Cool, well that's all I need to know for now. Thanks for your help! It seems like there have been some bad things done there. What else can you tell me about how slavery affected Guinea-Bissau? In the 19th century, it was colonized as Portuguese Guinea. Answer: In the 19th century, it was colonized as Portuguese Guinea. Question: Hi! Can you tell me some fun facts about Lahore? I sure do. Lahore played an important role in the independence movements of both India and Pakistan . Awesome! Do you have anything about their culture? I apologize not at this time. I do have information about its cityscape. Rebuilding efforts under Ranjit Singh and his successors were influenced by Mughal practices , and Lahore was known as the ' City of Gardens ' during the Ranjit Singh period . No worries! Is there more you have on the culture? Answer:

I sure do. Lahore played an important role in the independence movements of both India and Pakistan .

fc-sni-curiosity_dialogs

be59550f227aad16839ac8ebeb23e7e045ccdb4bccc53a5d66ecbc575da64e70

In this task, you are given a Reddit post as a text. Your task is to generate a title for this text. The title should start with "TIFU by", followed by a situation that caused humor. The title should contain 7-12 words, ideally. Q: Text: obligatory this didn't happen today but like 4 years ago. so i was on a date with this guy that i was crushing on hard and i invited him back to my apartment to play video games. this was only like the third time we'd ever hung out, so we barely knew each other. well, we ended up turning the games into a competition and the loser of each round had to drink. we both got pretty drunk and passed out snuggled up on the couch. all was going well until i woke up feeling nauseous, so i ran to the toilet and threw up. when i tried to flush it, the toilet started overflowing. i was freaking out, grabbing the plunger, trying to unclog it but nothing was working. in my drunken stupor i didn't even think to turn the water off. well all this noise woke the guy up and he comes into the bathroom and slips on the wet tile and gets covered in my vomit flood. he realized what was going on and just looked at me with a horrified expression... needless to say, i really fucked that date up. A:

TIFU by causing a vomit flood.

fc-sni-reddit_tifu_dataset

ef940cd01c6184800cf9ed0df832bf8e13eda026a184cc84a9ce3bc473293d0a

Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a question. You have to answer the question based on your information. Q: Scott Carpenter was the second American to orbit the Earth, after the first American orbited the Earth, circling it three times, in what year? A:

1962

fc-sni-hotpotqa

6bdaa003d98e5369740182fc321a928d10c7420cca8351dffab67cf766545bf5

Given a sentence, generate what should be the most likely next statement. The next statement should be reasonable and logically correct. Q: A man wearing headphones is in a studio, speaking into a microphone. Other men A:

play in a room covered with yoga tape and style ensues.

fc-sni-swag

5d52d3bac1f98435b4908e3c378953dbf41f7d3179cd5b728f372f6d99f3edda

Definition: You are shown a conversation between a user and system. Identify who has spoken the indicated sentence based on the conversation. Input: Sentence1: No, that's ok. I just wanted to know the arrival time. Thanks. Sentence2: No, that sounds great! I also need to travel by train from Cambridge to Peterborough. Sentence3: thank you and enjoy your stay! Sentence4: To clarify, you need to leave cambridge by train to peterborough? I can help you with that. What day and time? Sentence5: I'm looking for a museum to visit. Sentence6: I have 23 to choose from. Do you have a preference on location to help narrow the search? Sentence7: Well, museum of archaelogy and anthropology is located at university of cambridge, downing street, cb23dz, centre. Would you like another musuem? Sentence8: I need to leave on Friday sometime after 18:00. Sentence9: I have a few options, the earliest leaves at Cambridge at 18:06 and arrives in Peterborough at 18:56. Tickets are available, would you like to book? Sentence10: 23? I had no idea! I was looking for postcodes, areas and addresses. Question: Who has spoken the sentence 7? (A) User (B) System Output:

Answer: (B) System

fc-sni-multi_woz_v22

4788d619813393bc85c6f36a58e569360b18ab5a5da4000c84170707dea67055

Definition: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match. Input: One of this man's sons was devoured when the supply of human flesh he had been feeding his horses ran out. This man found his nephew's corpse carried to shore by a dolphin, and his twin sons were killed by their mother Tyro. He marked his cattle's hooves to prove that they had been stolen, and then raped the thief's daughter, Anticlea [an-TEE-clee-ah]. This man left the Underworld after his wife Merope [MEH-roh-pay] failed to perform proper funeral rites; earlier, he had narrowly escaped death by chaining up Thanatos. Name this king of Corinth who was condemned in Tartarus to eternally push a boulder up a hill. Output:

Social Science

fc-sni-qanta

539957e889957420dd4cc39e2c8deff171482a144f65b5ae00204c1fab2340f7

Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a Reddit post as a text. Your task is to generate a title for this text. The title should start with "TIFU by", followed by a situation that caused humor. The title should contain 7-12 words, ideally. Problem:Text: so this just happened. i'm just finishing my closing shift at work. we have a tap that kind of leaks in the kitchen. all you have to do to make it stop leaking is turn it hard. i turned the tap until it would normally be off, but it was still leaking. i thought "well maybe it's getting worse", so i turned a bit harder. there was a snap, and now the tap just sort of rotates and doesn't do anything. however, the tap's turned off. so that's good. Solution:

TIFU by trying to turn off a tap

fc-sni-reddit_tifu_dataset

049e23b45afb1d29390fd64a91567778ae6ad57d4efa62dc1ba421e4cfddf27f

In this task, you are given two simple actions (associated with "A", "B"). You must identify which action is considered less ethical. Do not generate anything else apart from one of the following characters: 'A', 'B'. Q: (A) calling the fuzz on my noisy neighbour (B) breaking up over text A: B **** Q: (A) getting mad at my sister for (somewhat directly) causing my puppy to pee on the floor (B) snapping at my husband after he asked the same question for 6 days straight A: B **** Q: (A) making money from a tragedy (B) not leaving with my mom to be with my dying grandpa so I can work instead A:

A ****

fc-sni-scruples

bfe753387e134a56c1281a20d3152750bb5f586a75c887bb0a6e45e1eea4786e

Given scientific fact as input, generate the question from this fact such that it can be answered from the input. Q: Water and humidity is the critical factor for the survival of segmented worms. A: What is the critical factor for the survival of segmented worms? **** Q: Climate map type of map would show average temperatures and rainfall. A: What type of map would show average temperatures and rainfall? **** Q: Reduced family size is the key to the demographic transition. A:

What is the key to the demographic transition? ****

fc-sni-scitail

6b6a49eb5a4c21754f289d8e0a18bfbd42e5dede29e783ef8bd1554a3e87c12f

Part 1. Definition In this task, the input is a set of dialogues between a user and an assistant. You need to find the dialogue that is basically a response given to a question or an aspect of the user. Part 2. Example Hi. I want information about Namibia. Nmbia is a country in southern Africa. Do you have information about the media there? What about it? Interesting! What can you tell me about the politics and government? Answer: Nmbia is a country in southern Africa. Explanation: This is a good example. The output is the response to the question asked by the user. Part 3. Exercise That's good to know if ever I get a chance to visit the island. Thank you for all the great information! Are there a lot of tourists that visit the island? You are welcome. Goodbye The mountain Mont Pelee, is the island's most dramatic feature. It was formed about 400,000 years ago. Unfortunately, it has an eruption 5/8/1902 that destroyed Saint-Pierro and killed 28,000 people in 2 minutes. Oh that's terrible. Has there been any activity from Mont Pelee since then? Has it changed the island in any way? Answer:

The mountain Mont Pelee, is the island's most dramatic feature. It was formed about 400,000 years ago. Unfortunately, it has an eruption 5/8/1902 that destroyed Saint-Pierro and killed 28,000 people in 2 minutes.

fc-sni-curiosity_dialogs

f379b4f665741c98aed9eb57cedf28d9c753e849de5894d4ecae0cd48f7755fb

In this task, you are given the abstract of a research paper. Your task is to generate a summary of this abstract. Your summary should not be very short, but it's better if it's not more than 30 words. -------- Question: Generative adversarial networks are a learning framework that rely on training a discriminator to estimate a measure of difference between a target and generated distributions. GANs, as normally formulated, rely on the generated samples being completely differentiable w.r.t. the generative parameters, and thus do not work for discrete data. We introduce a method for training GANs with discrete data that uses the estimated difference measure from the discriminator to compute importance weights for generated samples, thus providing a policy gradient for training the generator. The importance weights have a strong connection to the decision boundary of the discriminator, and we call our method boundary-seeking GANs (BGANs). We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm with discrete image and character-based natural language generation. In addition, the boundary-seeking objective extends to continuous data, which can be used to improve stability of training, and we demonstrate this on Celeba, Large-scale Scene Understanding (LSUN) bedrooms, and Imagenet without conditioning. Answer: We address training GANs with discrete data by formulating a policy gradient that generalizes across f-divergences Question: Developing agents that can learn to follow natural language instructions has been an emerging research direction. While being accessible and flexible, natural language instructions can sometimes be ambiguous even to humans. To address this, we propose to utilize programs, structured in a formal language, as a precise and expressive way to specify tasks. We then devise a modular framework that learns to perform a task specified by a program as different circumstances give rise to diverse ways to accomplish the task, our framework can perceive which circumstance it is currently under, and instruct a multitask policy accordingly to fulfill each subtask of the overall task. Experimental results on a 2D Minecraft environment not only demonstrate that the proposed framework learns to reliably accomplish program instructions and achieves zero-shot generalization to more complex instructions but also verify the efficiency of the proposed modulation mechanism for learning the multitask policy. We also conduct an analysis comparing various models which learn from programs and natural language instructions in an end-to-end fashion. Answer: We propose a modular framework that can accomplish tasks specified by programs and achieve zero-shot generalization to more complex tasks. Question: Modern neural networks often require deep compositions of high-dimensional nonlinear functions (wide architecture) to achieve high test accuracy, and thus can have overwhelming number of parameters. Repeated high cost in prediction at test-time makes neural networks ill-suited for devices with constrained memory or computational power. We introduce an efficient mechanism, reshaped tensor decomposition, to compress neural networks by exploiting three types of invariant structures: periodicity, modulation and low rank. Our reshaped tensor decomposition method exploits such invariance structures using a technique called tensorization (reshaping the layers into higher-order tensors) combined with higher order tensor decompositions on top of the tensorized layers. Our compression method improves low rank approximation methods and can be incorporated to (is complementary to) most of the existing compression methods for neural networks to achieve better compression. Experiments on LeNet-5 (MNIST), ResNet-32 (CI- FAR10) and ResNet-50 (ImageNet) demonstrate that our reshaped tensor decomposition outperforms (5% test accuracy improvement universally on CIFAR10) the state-of-the-art low-rank approximation techniques under same compression rate, besides achieving orders of magnitude faster convergence rates. Answer:

Compression of neural networks which improves the state-of-the-art low rank approximation techniques and is complementary to most of other compression techniques.

fc-sni-scitldr

d683f1ee02dcafa21ef2f7b6291b4899858e5dde924b8f628fc54a778b4cc000

Detailed Instructions: In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision. Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. The four incorrect answers are other holding statements. You should find the correct option. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted. Q: if the absence of sufficient evidence to the contrary ..."); Douglas by Kelly v. Bd. of Edu., 127 Ill.App.3d 79, 82 Ill.Dec. 211, 468 N.E.2d 473, 476 (1984) (finding that where a school's window pane fell on plaintiff while she was sitting at her desk, plaintiff was entitled to a directed verdict based on res ipsa loqui-tur); Moore v. Atchison, 28 Ill.App.2d 340, 171 N.E.2d 393 (1960) (finding that directed verdict for the plaintiff was proper where there was no direct evidence as to why two trains collided, even though the defendant showed that the equipment was properly inspected and in excellent working order, because the circumstances made the inference of negligence so strong that reasonable men could not reject it); Silvern v. Barbagallo, 195 N.Y.S.2d 32 (N.Y.Sup.Ct.1959) (<HOLDING>); Richard Equipment Corp. v. Manhattan Indus. Holding statements: (A) holding that the injured passenger of a cab was entitled to summary judgment against the driver because the prima facie proof is so convincing that the inference of negligence is inescapable (B) holding the standard of proof in summary judgment rulings is the same as it would be at trial (C) holding the plaintiff satisfies the burden of a prima facie case by a preponderance of the evidence (D) holding that because the plaintiff was not disabled for the purposes of the ada this court need not to address the other elements of the prima facie case (E) holding that a prima facie case is subject to independent review A:

(A)

fc-sni-casehold

cf340e5aa7f2f67db7272831f8ed9bd15ea7ea1127f6cc4496c0a754e208b54b

Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case. In this task, you are given books product reviews in English language. The goal is to classify the review as "POS" if the overall sentiment of the review is positive or as "NEG" if the overall sentiment of the review is negative. Example: Hopeful for those who seek harmony in the world . I wouldn't recommend this to anyone who thinks that religious wars, repression of individual spirits or rape of the earth are good things. Those who seek peace, harmony, celebration of each of us and respect for our earth will find this hopeful Output: POS The overall sentiment of the review is positive as the reviewer mentions positive expressions such as 'hopeful', 'will find this helpful' etc.. Hence, the label is 'POS'. New input case for you: modern, yes; but very few homes available as prefabs . I was disappointed with this book. It includes profiles of 15 architectural firms. Seven of those profiles were of firms that have done one-off architect-designed homes made largely of pre-existing materials (usually shipping containers). That is not my definition of a prefab house. To me, a prefab house is one that I can order to be built on my lot. Of the eight firms that offer prefab houses, for three of them only computer-generated images were presented (not photos of real houses). That leaves only five firms offering prefab houses ready for market. Of those, one builds 10 houses per year in Finland. Another is in Australia. Two offer only really small homes (generally intended as second homes). The book does include (small) design plans and many photos for most of the houses. However, the fact that very few of those homes are available for me to purchase makes the book almost useless. [... Output:

NEG

fc-sni-cls

31e150c5bc8b8418c9a959b8fd581449d4294492a532f1192384a2b378bc9ef3

Teacher:In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length. Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Fifty-five volunteers treated with either intranasal recombinant interferon (rIFN; 2 x 10 6 IV/day) or placebo for 15 days were exposed to coronavirus by direct intranasal inoculation on the eighth day of treatment. Symptom scores were recorded, and cultures of virus were taken daily for all volunteers for seven days after inoculation. Nineteen (73%) of the 26 placebo recipients met symptom-score criteria for a cold, compared with 12 (41070) of the IFN recipients (P = .02). The mean nasal symptom scores in the placebo and IFN groups were 9.2 and 5.4, respectively (P = .03), and the mean total symptom scores in the two groups were 23.2 and 9.4, respectively (P = .003). The mean number of days with a total symptom score >4 was 1.6 in the placebo recipients and 0.5 in the rIFN recipients (P = .02). Prophylactic intranasal rIFN effectively shortened the duration and reduced the severity of coronavirus cold symptoms. Student:

Prevention of Experimental Coronavirus Colds with Intranasal (l-2b Interferon

fc-sni-coda_19

44e2c1cf3098db0cafe94429dd5a865224468a57c4b68ef1e6142c51329f9e2f

Teacher:In this task, you will be presented with a context from an academic paper and a question separated with a . You have to answer the question based on the context. Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Although cursing is frequent in tweets, they represent just 1.15% of all words used BIBREF21 . In contrast, we found 5.72% of all words posted by gang member accounts to be classified as a curse word, which is nearly five times more than the average curse word usage on Twitter. The clouds also reflect the fact that gang members often talk about drugs and money with terms such as smoke, high, hit, and money, while ordinary users hardly speak about finances and drugs. We also noticed that gang members talk about material things with terms such as got, money, make, real, need whereas ordinary users tend to vocalize their feelings with terms such as new, like, love, know, want, look, make, us. Question: What are the differences in language use between gang member and the rest of the Twitter population? Student:

Although cursing is frequent in tweets, they represent just 1.15% of all words used BIBREF21 . In contrast, we found 5.72% of all words posted by gang member accounts to be classified as a curse word gang members talk about material things with terms such as got, money, make, real, need whereas ordinary users tend to vocalize their feelings with terms such as new, like, love, know, want, look, make, us

fc-sni-qasper

54473a58967ed0f45cc45a2d269725d664254377abe10c2f8633580729831b98

You will be given a context, a subject and a relation. Your task is to generate a question based on the subject and relation. The generated question should include the given subject. Try to use a minimum number of words that are not present in either context, subject or relation while generating question. [EX Q]: Context : Kerstin Hesselgren (14 January 1872 -- 19 August 1962) was a Swedish politician. Subject : Kerstin Hesselgren Relation : sex or gender [EX A]: Which gender is Kerstin Hesselgren? [EX Q]: Context : Titania is a character in William Shakespeare's play A Midsummer Night's Dream. Subject : Titania Relation : spouse [EX A]: What is Titania's spouse's name? [EX Q]: Context : Antoine Touron (5 September 1686 -- 2 September 1775) was a French Dominican biographer and historian. Subject : Antoine Touron Relation : date of death [EX A]:

What date did Antoine Touron die?

fc-sni-question_&_answer_zre

462b85cf9a0bb68f4287ba521ec2f0e01c51e3c3b03b8f792a9f38d1d583e12d

You will be given a summary of a story. You need to create a question that can be answered from the story. You can create a question about characters, events, facts and beliefs, etc. Your question should be specific, try not to use pronouns instead of full names. As the stories are sometimes movie plots, they will contain actor names in parentheses. You should not use those names. Only use character names. Try to ask a question about all parts of the plot, not just the beginning. Example Input: The story is told in three main arcs, with most of it occurring during a 24-month period beginning and ending at Thanksgiving parties hosted by Hannah (Mia Farrow) and her husband, Elliot (Michael Caine). Hannah serves as the stalwart hub of the narrative; most of the events of the film connect to her. Elliot becomes infatuated with one of Hannah's sisters, Lee (Barbara Hershey), and eventually begins an affair with her. Elliot attributes his behavior to his discontent with his wife's self-sufficiency and resentment of her emotional strength. Lee has lived for five years with a reclusive artist, Frederick (Max Von Sydow), who is much older. She finds her relationship with Frederick no longer intellectually or sexually stimulating, in spite of (or maybe because of) Frederick's professed interest in continuing to teach her. She leaves Frederick after he discovers her affair with Elliot. For the remainder of the year between the first and second Thanksgiving gatherings, Elliot and Lee carry on their affair despite Elliot's inability to end his marriage to Hannah. Lee finally ends the affair during the second Thanksgiving, explaining that she is finished waiting for him to commit and that she has started dating someone else. Hannah's ex-husband Mickey (Woody Allen), a television writer, is present mostly in scenes outside of the primary story. Flashbacks reveal that his marriage to Hannah fell apart after they were unable to have children because of his infertility. However, they had twins who are not biologically his, before divorcing. He also went on a disastrous date with Hannah's sister Holly (Dianne Wiest) when they were set up after the divorce. A hypochondriac, he goes to his doctor complaining of hearing loss, and is frightened by the possibility that it might be a brain tumor. When tests prove that he is perfectly healthy, he is initially overjoyed, but then despairs that his life is meaningless. His existential crisis leads to unsatisfying experiments with religious conversion to Catholicism and an interest in Krishna Consciousness. Ultimately, an unsuccessful suicide attempt leads him to find meaning in his life after unexpectedly viewing the Marx Brothers' Duck Soup in a movie theater. The revelation that life should be enjoyed, rather than understood, helps to prepare him for a second date with Holly, which this time blossoms into love. Holly's story is the film's third main arc. A former cocaine addict, she is an unsuccessful actress who cannot settle on a career. After borrowing money from Hannah, she starts a catering business with April (Carrie Fisher), a friend and fellow actress. Holly and April end up as rivals in auditions for parts in Broadway musicals, as well as for the affections of an architect (Sam Waterston). Holly abandons the catering business after the romance with the architect fails and decides to try her hand at writing. The career change forces her once again to borrow money from Hannah, a dependency that Holly resents. She writes a script inspired by Hannah and Elliot, which greatly upsets Hannah. It is suggested that much of the script involved personal details of Hannah and Elliot's marriage that had been conveyed to Holly through Lee (having been transmitted first from Elliot). Although this threatens to expose the affair between Elliot and Lee, Elliot soon disavows disclosing any such details. Holly sets aside her script, and instead writes a story inspired by her own life, which Mickey reads and admires greatly, vowing to help her get it produced and leading to their second date. A minor arc in the film tells part of the story of Norma (Maureen O'Sullivan) and Evan (Lloyd Nolan). They are the parents of Hannah and her two sisters, and still have acting careers of their own. Their own tumultuous marriage revolves around Norma's alcoholism and alleged affairs, but the long-term bond between them is evident in Evan's flirtatious anecdotes about Norma while playing piano at the Thanksgiving gatherings. By the time of the film's third Thanksgiving, Lee has married someone she met while taking classes at Columbia, while Hannah and Elliot have reconciled their marriage. The film's final shot reveals that Holly is married to Mickey and that she is pregnant. Example Output: Who becomes infatuated by Lee? Example Input: Trevor Garfield is an African American high school science teacher at Roosevelt Whitney High School, a high school in the Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhood of Brooklyn. Dennis Broadway, a gangster student to whom he had given a failing grade threatens to murder him, writing the number 187 (the California police code for homicide) on every page in a textbook. The administration ignores the threat, and Dennis ambushes Garfield in the hallway, stabbing him in the back and side abdominal area multiple times with a shiv. Fifteen months after surviving, Garfield, now a substitute teacher, has relocated to John Quincy Adams High School in the San Fernando Valley area of Los Angeles, but trouble starts again when he substitutes an unruly class of rejects, including a Chicano tag crew by the name of "Kappin' Off Suckers" (K.O.S.). Their leader, Benito "Benny" Chac n, a felon attending high school as a condition of probation, makes it clear to Garfield that there will be no mutual respect. The tension mounts when a fellow teacher, Ellen Henry, confides that Benny has threatened her life, an action against which the administration of the school refuses to take action, fearing legal threats. After Benny murders a rival tagger in cold blood, he disappears, and Benny's unstable tag partner, C sar, takes over as leader. When C sar steals Garfield's family heirloom watch, the principal is more concerned about a lawsuit and refuses to take action. Ellen and Garfield develop a close friendship that approaches the beginnings of a relationship, but is stymied by Garfield's destabilizing behavior and his confrontations with the K.O.S.. Garfield's past garners the unwanted admiration of Dave Childress, an alcoholic history teacher who carries guns at the school. The conflict between Garfield and the K.O.S. escalates with the killing of Jack, Ellen's dog. C sar, after spraying cartoon graffiti depicting a dead dog, is shot with a syringe filled with morphine attached to the end of an arrow. He passes out, and wakes up to find one of his fingers cut off. C sar recovers the finger and it is reattached, with the letters "R U DUN" ("are you done?") tattooed as a warning. A student Garfield has tutored, Rita Mart nez, a Chicana, faces abuse from both the K.O.S. and Childress, and drops out. The school administration is mired in bureaucracy and unable to intervene. After Benny is found dead in the Los Angeles River, apparently of a drug overdose, it is revealed that Garfield took matters into his own hands, killing Benny and severing C sar's finger. Garfield lets Ellen leave as she disavows his actions. The K.O.S. plan to murder Garfield. At Garfield's house, the gang forces Garfield into a contest of Russian roulette with C sar. The latter's resolve is shaken as Garfield talks about the lost-cause lifestyle he has led. Hesitating at his turn, C sar watches as Garfield, offering to take his turn for him, takes the revolver and shoots himself in the head. Driven by his sense of honor and ignoring the protests of his horrified friends, C sar insists on taking his rightful turn and ends up killing himself . On graduation day, Rita, who completes her studies along with former K.O.S. member Stevie, offers a tribute to Garfield by reading an essay about him. The essay incorporates the theme of the Pyrrhic victory and Ellen leaves the school. Example Output: What school is Trevor Garfield a teacher? Example Input: Jackie Brown is a flight attendant for a small Mexican airline. To make ends meet, she smuggles money from Mexico into the United States for Ordell Robbie, a black-market gun runner living in the Los Angeles metropolitan area under the ATF's close watch, forcing him to use couriers. Ordell learns that another of his couriers, Beaumont Livingston, has been arrested. Assuming that Livingston will become an informant in order to avoid jail time, Ordell arranges for bail with bondsman Max Cherry, then coaxes Livingston into a car trunk and murders him. Acting on information Beaumont had already shared, ATF agent Ray Nicolette and LAPD detective Mark Dargus intercept Jackie as she returns to the United States with Ordell's cash and some cocaine that Brown was unaware was stashed in her bag. Initially refusing to cut a deal, she is sent to jail which alerts Ordell that she might also be a threat to inform. Having received payment from Ordell, Max picks up Jackie from the jail and begins to develop an attraction to her. Ordell arrives at Jackie's house intending to murder her but she surprises him by pulling a gun surreptitiously taken from Max's glove compartment. Jackie negotiates a deal with Ordell to pretend to help the authorities while smuggling in $550,000 of Ordell's money, enough to allow him to retire. To carry out this plan, Ordell is counting on Melanie Ralston, an unambitious, stoned surfer girl with whom he lives, and Louis Gara, a friend and former cellmate. Unaware of Jackie and Ordell's plan to smuggle in $550,000, Nicolette and Dargus devise a sting to catch Ordell during a transfer of $50,000. Unbeknownst to all, Jackie plans to double-cross everyone and keep $500,000 for herself. She recruits Max to assist with her plan and offers him a cut. In the Del Amo Mall on the day of the transfer, Jackie enters a dressing room to try on a new suit. She has told Ordell that she will swap bags there with Melanie, supposedly passing off the $550,000 under the nose of Nicolette, who has been told that the exchange is to take place in the food court. Instead, the bag she gives Melanie contains only $50,000 and the rest is left behind in the dressing room for Max to pick up. Jackie then feigns despair as she calls Nicolette and Dargus out from hiding, claiming Melanie took all the money and ran. In the parking lot, Melanie mocks Louis until he loses his temper and shoots her. Louis confesses this to Ordell. Ordell is livid when he discovers that most of the money is gone, and he realizes that Jackie is to blame. When Louis mentions that during the hand-off he saw Max Cherry in the store's dress department and thought nothing of it, Ordell kills him and leaves with the bag. Ordell turns his anger toward Max, who informs him that Jackie is frightened for her life and is waiting in Max's office to hand over the money. A menacing Ordell holds Max at gunpoint as they enter the darkened office. Jackie suddenly yells that Ordell has a gun, and Nicolette jumps from a hiding place and shoots him dead. Having had her charges dropped for cooperating with the ATF, and now in possession of the money as well as Ordell's car, Jackie decides to leave the country and travel to Madrid, Spain. She invites Max to go along with her, but he declines. Jackie shares a meaningful moment with Max, kisses him goodbye, and leaves as Max takes a phone call. Moments later, Max cuts the call short and seems to contemplate his decision to stay behind as Jackie drives away. Example Output:

What does Max Cherry do to Beaumont Livingston?

fc-sni-narrativeqa

1a7759380eb90bad61c19cda37a0818ca1a2bfc60027987634e28be02ee5144a

Given a sentence, generate what should be the most likely next statement. The next statement should be reasonable and logically correct. Q: She downs her tea cup of rum at a gulp. A herd of horses A:

soar over the camp toward her ranch.

fc-sni-swag

583a2dfd8d7febdd5aa8e9d05c764afb920706541894acb41cc19c5f57cae2a2

You are given a review of Amazon's food products. Your task is to divide them into two classes: negative or positive, depending on the content of the review. Ex Input: I tried it, but I just didn't like it. Not a good tasting sugar substitute in my opinion. I'd rather do without sugar than use this again. Ex Output: Negative Ex Input: Got this for my brother who is on Jorge Cruise diet and decided to try one for myself. It actually tastes pretty good. Ex Output: Positive Ex Input: Well, after trying a lot of brands, this is probably the best beef jerky I ever tasted! Ex Output:

Positive

fc-sni-amazon_fine_food_reviews

27e12facbba0fd1153f439098fa7d2a19974b305a1858a75c76cdccc802987e7

In this task, you are given a question and a context passage. You have to answer the question based on the given passage. Q: Which of the following words is in English: Iglesia, Nacional, or Church?, Context: The biggest Presbyterian church is the National Presbyterian Church in Mexico (Iglesia Nacional Presbiteriana de Mexico), which has around 2,500,000 members and associates and 3000 congregations, but there are other small denominations like the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church in Mexico which was founded in 1875 by the Associate Reformed Church in North America. The Independent Presbyterian Church and the Presbyterian Reformed Church in Mexico, the National Conservative Presbyterian Church in Mexico are existing churches in the Reformed tradition. A:

Church

fc-sni-adversarial_qa

1981862bfcba437dd4e1b7dc677ca8036130d1dd5339907300437eeb8bfd0d5c

In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill. One example is below. Q: SECTION 1. LIABILITY OF BUSINESS ENTITIES PROVIDING USE OF FACILITIES TO NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS. (a) Definitions.--In this section: (1) Business entity.--The term ''business entity'' means a firm, corporation, association, partnership, consortium, joint venture, or other form of enterprise. (2) Facility.--The term ''facility'' means any real property, including any building, improvement, or appurtenance. (3) Gross negligence.--The term ''gross negligence'' means voluntary and conscious conduct by a person with knowledge (at the time of the conduct) that the conduct is likely to be harmful to the health or well-being of another person. (4) Intentional misconduct.--The term ''intentional misconduct'' means conduct by a person with knowledge (at the time of the conduct) that the conduct is harmful to the health or well-being of another person. (5) Nonprofit organization.--The term ''nonprofit organization'' means-- (A) any organization described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from tax under section 501(a) of such Code; or (B) any not-for-profit organization organized and conducted for public benefit and operated primarily for charitable, civic, educational, religious, welfare, or health purposes. (6) State.--The term ''State'' means each of the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, any other territory or possession of the United States, or any political subdivision of any such State, territory, or possession. (b) Limitation on Liability.-- (1) In general.--Subject to subsection (c), a business entity shall not be subject to civil liability relating to any injury or death occurring at a facility of the business entity in connection with a use of such facility by a nonprofit organization if-- (A) the use occurs outside of the scope of business of the business entity; (B) such injury or death occurs during a period that such facility is used by the nonprofit organization; and (C) the business entity authorized the use of such facility by the nonprofit organization. (2) Application.--This subsection shall apply-- (A) with respect to civil liability under Federal and State law; and (B) regardless of whether a nonprofit organization pays for the use of a facility. (c) Exception for Liability.--Subsection (b) shall not apply to an injury or death that results from an act or omission of a business entity that constitutes gross negligence or intentional misconduct, including any misconduct that-- (1) constitutes a crime of violence (as that term is defined in section 16 of title 18, United States Code) or act of international terrorism (as that term is defined in section 2331 of title 18) for which the defendant has been convicted in any court; (2) constitutes a hate crime (as that term is used in the Hate Crime Statistics Act (28 U.S.C. 534 note)); (3) involves a sexual offense, as defined by applicable State law, for which the defendant has been convicted in any court; or (4) involves misconduct for which the defendant has been found to have violated a Federal or State civil rights law. (d) Superseding Provision.-- (1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2) and subsection (e), this Act preempts the laws of any State to the extent that such laws are inconsistent with this Act, except that this Act shall not preempt any State law that provides additional protection from liability for a business entity for an injury or death with respect to which conditions under subparagraphs (A) through (C) of subsection (b)(1) apply. (2) Limitation.--Nothing in this Act shall be construed to supersede any Federal or State health or safety law. (e) Election of State Regarding Nonapplicability.--This Act shall not apply to any civil action in a State court against a business entity in which all parties are citizens of the State if such State enacts a statute-- (1) citing the authority of this subsection; (2) declaring the election of such State that this Act shall not apply to such civil action in the State; and (3) containing no other provision. A: Shields a business entity from civil liability relating to any injury or death occurring at a facility of that entity in connection with a use of such facility by a nonprofit organization if: (1) the use occurs outside the scope of business of the business entity; (2) such injury or death occurs during a period that such facility is used by such organization; and (3) the business entity authorized the use of such facility by the organization. Makes this Act inapplicable to an injury or death that results from an act or omission of a business entity that constitutes gross negligence or intentional misconduct, including misconduct that: (1) constitutes a hate crime or a crime of violence or act of international terrorism for which the defendant has been convicted in any court; or (2) involves a sexual offense for which the defendant has been convicted in any court or misconduct for which the defendant has been found to have violated a Federal or State civil rights law. Preempts State laws to the extent that such laws are inconsistent with this Act, except State law that provides additional protection from liability. Specifies that this Act shall not be construed to supersede any Federal or State health or safety law. Makes this Act inapplicable to any civil action in a State court against a business entity in which all parties are citizens of the State if such State, citing this Act's authority and containing no other provision, enacts a statute declaring the State's election that this Act shall not apply to such action in the State. Rationale: This Bill focuses on shielding business entities from civil liability relating to an injury or death depending on the conditions of injury, hence the generated summary is correct. Q: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ''Detroit Economic Competitiveness Act''. SEC. 2. DETROIT JOBS TRUST FUND. (a) In General.--Subchapter A of chapter 98 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the following new section: ''SEC. 9512. DETROIT JOBS TRUST FUND. ''(a) Creation of Trust Fund.--There is established in the Treasury of the United States a trust fund to be known as the 'Detroit Jobs Trust Fund', consisting of such amounts as may be appropriated or credited to such fund as provided in this section or section 9602(b). ''(b) Transfers to Trust Fund.--There are hereby appropriated to the Detroit Jobs Trust Fund amounts equivalent to receipts in the Treasury of taxes (including all income, excise, and employment taxes whether imposed with respect to individuals or businesses) imposed under this title (with respect to periods after the date of the enactment of this section) which are (as determined by the Secretary) attributable to Detroit, Michigan. The city of Detroit, Michigan, shall provide the Secretary such information as the Secretary may request for purposes of making the determinations required under this subsection. For purposes of this subsection, the taxes imposed on a corporation or other business entity shall not be treated as attributable to Detroit, Michigan, merely because the headquarters of such corporation or entity is located in Detroit, Michigan. ''(c) Expenditures.-- ''(1) In general.--Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, amounts in the Detroit Jobs Trust Fund shall (without need of any further appropriation) be distributed annually by the Secretary to the city of Detroit, Michigan, to carry out the purposes described in paragraph (2). ''(2) Use of expenditures.--Amounts distributed to the city of Detroit, Michigan, under this section shall be used for the following purposes and in the following order of priority: ''(A) First, of the amounts distributed with respect the annual period not in excess of the Detroit income tax suspension hold harmless amount, for any purpose determined by the city government of Detroit, Michigan. ''(B) Second, for payment of principal and interest on any general obligation issued by the city of Detroit, Michigan (to the extent of such obligations). ''(C) Third, for payment of principal and interest on obligations to which section 103 applies and the proceeds of which were used for the public schools of the city of Detroit, Michigan (to the extent of such obligations). ''(D) Fourth, for jobs development, public safety, education, business infrastructure, or public infrastructure (to the extent consistent with the plan described in paragraph (4)). ''(3) Restriction on distributions.--No distribution shall be made by the Secretary under paragraph (1) unless-- ''(A) the city of Detroit, Michigan, does not impose an income tax with respect to the period to which such distribution relates, ''(B) such city has reduced the aggregate property taxes imposed by an amount not less than the reduction in the payment obligations of such city by reason of the payments described in paragraph (2), ''(C) all prior distributions made to the city under paragraph (2) were used by the city in a manner consistent with the requirements of paragraph (2), and ''(D) such city has provided such information to the Comptroller General of the United States as the Comptroller General may request to carry out section 2(b) of the Detroit Economic Competitiveness Act. ''(4) 5-year development plan.--A plan is described in this paragraph if such plan-- ''(A) is a 5-year plan describing development goals for Detroit, Michigan, and detailing how distributions for purposes described in paragraph (2)(D) will be spent, ''(B) has been approved by simple majority vote of the City Council of Detroit, Michigan (after consultation with the Detroit Board of Education), and ''(C) has been submitted to, and approved by, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, and the Secretary of Education. No distribution shall be made under paragraph (1) for a purpose described in paragraph (2)(D) unless a plan described in this paragraph is in effect and all prior such distributions for such purposes were used in accordance with such plan. ''(5) Special rules during period of plan development.-- During the period during which the plan described in paragraph (4) is developed (but not in excess of the 5-month period beginning on the date of the first distribution under paragraph (1)), amounts distributed may be used concurrently for the purposes described in subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) of paragraph (2). ''(6) Detroit income tax suspension hold harmless amount.-- ''(A) In general.--For purposes of paragraph (2)(A), the term 'Detroit income tax suspension hold harmless amount' means the amount (as determined by the Secretary) of revenue collected by the city of Detroit pursuant to the income tax imposed by such city during the calendar year preceding the calendar year which includes the date of the enactment of this section. ''(B) Cross reference.--For provision which requires suspension of the Detroit income tax, see paragraph (3)(A). ''(C) Tax returns may still be required.--The city of Detroit, Michigan, shall not be treated as failing to satisfy the requirement of paragraph (3)(A) with respect to any period merely because taxpayers are required to file tax returns and report income with respect to such period. ''(7) Amounts made available not to reduce other funding.-- Amounts distributed to the city of Detroit, Michigan, under this section shall supplement, and not supplant, any other funding (including any Federal funding) for such city. ''(d) Termination.--No amount shall be distributed from, or appropriated to, the Detroit Jobs Trust Fund after the 5-year period beginning on the date of the enactment of this section. Any amounts remaining in such Trust Fund at the end of such period shall be transferred to the general fund of the Treasury. The 5-year period specified in this subsection shall not be renewed or extended.''. (b) GAO Reports.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall submit an annual report to Congress which-- (1) describes the manner and purposes for which distributions made from the Detroit Jobs Trust Fund have been used, (2) describes the extent to which progress has been made toward meeting the development goals under the plan described in section 9512(c)(4) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as added by this section) and whether such progress is consistent with meeting such goals, and (3) includes any recommendations the Comptroller General may have regarding improvements to the program described in section 9512 of such Code. The first such annual report shall be submitted not later than 90 days after the 1-year period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act and the last such annual report shall be submitted not later than 90 days after the date on which the Detroit Jobs Trust Fund terminates pursuant to section 9512(d) of such Code. (c) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for subchapter A of chapter 98 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the following new item: ''Sec. 9512. Detroit Jobs Trust Fund.''. SEC. 3. ZERO CAPITAL GAINS RATE FOR CERTAIN NEW INVESTMENTS IN DETROIT, MICHIGAN. (a) In General.--Subchapter Y of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the following new part: ''PART IV--CERTAIN NEW INVESTMENTS IN DETROIT, MICHIGAN ''Sec. 1400V. Zero capital gains rate for certain new investments in Detroit, Michigan. ''SEC. 1400V. ZERO CAPITAL GAINS RATE FOR CERTAIN NEW INVESTMENTS IN DETROIT, MICHIGAN. ''(a) In General.--Gross income does not include any qualified capital gain from the sale or exchange of a specified new investment held for more than 1 year. ''(b) Specified New Investment.--For purposes of this section-- ''(1) In general.--The term 'specified new investment' means-- ''(A) any qualified stock, ''(B) any qualified partnership interest, and ''(C) any qualified business property. ''(2) Qualified stock.-- ''(A) In general.--Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the term 'qualified stock' means any stock in a domestic corporation if-- ''(i) such stock is acquired by the taxpayer during the 1-year period beginning on the date of the enactment of this section, at its original issue (directly or through an underwriter) from the corporation solely in exchange for cash, ''(ii) as of the time such stock was issued, such corporation was a specified Detroit business (or, in the case of a new corporation, such corporation was being organized for purposes of being a specified Detroit business), and ''(iii) during substantially all of the taxpayer's holding period for such stock, such corporation qualified as a specified Detroit business. ''(B) Redemptions.--A rule similar to the rule of section 1202(c)(3) shall apply for purposes of this paragraph. ''(3) Qualified partnership interest.--The term 'qualified partnership interest' means any capital or profits interest in a domestic partnership if-- ''(A) such interest is acquired by the taxpayer during the 1-year period beginning on the date of the enactment of this section, from the partnership solely in exchange for cash, ''(B) as of the time such interest was acquired, such partnership was a specified Detroit business (or, in the case of a new partnership, such partnership was being organized for purposes of being a specified Detroit business), and ''(C) during substantially all of the taxpayer's holding period for such interest, such partnership qualified as a specified Detroit business. A rule similar to the rule of paragraph (2)(B) shall apply for purposes of this paragraph. ''(4) Qualified business property.-- ''(A) In general.--The term 'qualified business property' means tangible property if-- ''(i) such property was acquired by the taxpayer by purchase (as defined in section 179(d)(2)) during the 1-year period beginning on the date of the enactment of this section, ''(ii) the original use of such property in Detroit, Michigan, commences with the taxpayer, and ''(iii) during substantially all of the taxpayer's holding period for such property, substantially all of the use of such property was in a specified Detroit business of the taxpayer. ''(B) Special rule for substantial improvements.-- The requirements of clauses (i) and (ii) of subparagraph (A) shall be treated as satisfied with respect to-- ''(i) property which is substantially improved by the taxpayer before the end of the period described in subparagraph (A)(i), and ''(ii) any land on which such property is located. The determination of whether a property is substantially improved shall be made under clause (ii) of section 1400B(b)(4)(B), except that 'the date of the enactment of section 1400V' shall be substituted for 'December 31, 1997' in such clause. ''(c) Qualified Capital Gain.--For purposes of this section-- ''(1) In general.--Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the term 'qualified capital gain' means any gain recognized on the sale or exchange of-- ''(A) a capital asset, or ''(B) property used in the trade or business (as defined in section 1231(b)). ''(2) Gain before enactment not qualified.--The term 'qualified capital gain' shall not include any gain attributable to periods before the date of the enactment of this section. ''(3) Certain rules to apply.--Rules similar to the rules of paragraphs (3), (4), and (5) of section 1400B(e) shall apply for purposes of this subsection. ''(d) Specified Detroit Business.--For purposes of this section, the term 'specified Detroit business' means any enterprise zone business (as defined in section 1397C), determined-- ''(1) without regard to subsections (b)(6) and (c)(5) thereof, ''(2) by substituting '80 percent' for '50 percent' in subsections (b)(2) and (c)(1) thereof, ''(3) by treating Detroit, Michigan, as an empowerment zone (and by treating no area other than Detroit, Michigan, as an empowerment zone). ''(e) Certain Rules To Apply.--For purposes of this section, rules similar to the rules of paragraphs (6) and (7) of subsection (b), and subsections (f) and (g), of section 1400B shall apply; except that for such purposes section 1400B(g)(2) shall be applied by substituting 'before the date of the enactment of section 1400V' for 'before January 1, 1998, or after December 31, 2014'. ''(f) Regulations.--The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be appropriate to carry out the purposes of this section, including regulations to prevent the abuse of the purposes of this section.''. (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of parts for subchapter Y of chapter 1 of such Code is amended by adding at the end the following new item: ''Part IV. Certain New Investments in Detroit, Michigan''. (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to property acquired after the date of the enactment of this Act. A:

Detroit Economic Competitiveness Act - Amends the Internal Revenue Code to establish the Detroit Jobs Trust Fund to finance economic development in Detroit, Michigan. Requires the Secretary of the Treasury to make annual distributions from such Fund to the city of Detroit for payment of debt obligations and for job development, public safety, education, and business and public infrastructure. Prohibits any distributions unless the city of Detroit: (1) does not impose an income tax during a period of distribution, (2) has made specified reductions in aggregate property taxes, (3) has used prior distributions as required under this Act, (4) has provided required information to the Comptroller General (GAO), and (5) has implemented a five-year plan describing development goals for Detroit and detailing how distributions from the Trust Fund will be spent. Terminates such Fund five years after enactment of this Act. Requires GAO to submit annual reports to Congress describing the use of distributions from the Trust Fund, the extent to which progress has been made in meeting the plan's development goals, and Comptroller General recommendations for improving the program established under this Act. Excludes from gross income capital gain from the sale or exchange of investment property used in trade or business in Detroit.

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