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Sir <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Iqbal" id="mwiA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Muhammad Iqbal">Muhammad Iqbal</a>'s presidential address in <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allahabad" id="mwiQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Allahabad">Allahabad</a> introduces the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-nation_theory" id="mwig" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Two-nation theory">two-nation theory</a> and outlines a vision for the creation of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" id="mwiw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>.<sup about="#mwt83" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-14"}}' id="cite_ref-14" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_29#cite_note-14" id="mwjA" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 14;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwjQ">[14]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-14"><cite about="#mwt80" class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFFyzie2021">Fyzie, Faiyaz Ahmad (9 November 2021). <a class="external text" href="https://theprint.in/opinion/allama-iqbal-his-two-nation-theory-and-the-ideas-in-his-poetry-that-were-anti-national/763177/" id="mwCFg" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"Allama Iqbal, his two-nation theory and the ideas in his poetry that were anti-national"</a>. <i id="mwCFk">ThePrint</i><span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwCFo">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwCFs">8 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span about="#mwt80" class="Z3988" id="mwCFw" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=ThePrint&amp;rft.atitle=Allama+Iqbal%2C+his+two-nation+theory+and+the+ideas+in+his+poetry+that+were+anti-national&amp;rft.date=2021-11-09&amp;rft.aulast=Fyzie&amp;rft.aufirst=Faiyaz+Ahmad&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheprint.in%2Fopinion%2Fallama-iqbal-his-two-nation-theory-and-the-ideas-in-his-poetry-that-were-anti-national%2F763177%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+29"></span></span>

Japan renounces the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Naval_Treaty" id="mwkQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Washington Naval Treaty">Washington Naval Treaty</a> of 1922 and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Naval_Treaty" id="mwkg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="London Naval Treaty">London Naval Treaty</a> of 1930.<sup about="#mwt89" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-15"}}' id="cite_ref-15" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_29#cite_note-15" id="mwkw" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 15;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwlA">[15]</span></a></sup><sup about="#mwt93" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-16"}}' id="cite_ref-16" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_29#cite_note-16" id="mwlQ" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 16;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwlg">[16]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-15"><cite about="#mwt86" class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFNevins1935">Nevins, Allan (1935). "Japan Denounces the Naval Treaty". <i id="mwCGA">Current History</i>. <b id="mwCGE">41</b> (5): 581–585. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISSN_(identifier)" id="mwCGI" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a><span id="mwCGM" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2641-080X" id="mwCGQ" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">2641-080X</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./JSTOR_(identifier)" id="mwCGU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a><span id="mwCGY" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/45337519" id="mwCGc" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">45337519</a>.</cite><span about="#mwt86" class="Z3988" id="mwCGg" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Current+History&amp;rft.atitle=Japan+Denounces+the+Naval+Treaty&amp;rft.volume=41&amp;rft.issue=5&amp;rft.pages=581-585&amp;rft.date=1935&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F45337519%23id-name%3DJSTOR&amp;rft.issn=2641-080X&amp;rft.aulast=Nevins&amp;rft.aufirst=Allan&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+29"></span></span>

The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Free_State" id="mwmg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a> is replaced by a new state called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" id="mwmw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a> with the adoption of a new <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Ireland" id="mwnA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Constitution of Ireland">constitution</a>.<sup about="#mwt98" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-17"}}' id="cite_ref-17" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_29#cite_note-17" id="mwnQ" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 17;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwng">[17]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-17"><cite about="#mwt95" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFO'Leary2004">O'Leary, Philip (2004). <i id="mwCHc">Gaelic Prose in the Irish Free State, 1922-1939</i>. Pennsylvania State University Press. p.<span id="mwCHg" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>19. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwCHk" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwCHo" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/978-0-271-03010-4" id="mwCHs" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-271-03010-4"><bdi id="mwCHw">978-0-271-03010-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span about="#mwt95" class="Z3988" id="mwCH0" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Gaelic+Prose+in+the+Irish+Free+State%2C+1922-1939&amp;rft.pages=19&amp;rft.pub=Pennsylvania+State+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-271-03010-4&amp;rft.aulast=O%27Leary&amp;rft.aufirst=Philip&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+29"></span></span>

In the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Great_Fire_of_London" id="mwog" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Second Great Fire of London">Second Great Fire of London</a>, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luftwaffe" id="mwow" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a> fire-bombs <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" id="mwpA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="London">London</a>, England, killing almost 200 civilians during <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" id="mwpQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup about="#mwt103" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-18"}}' id="cite_ref-18" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_29#cite_note-18" id="mwpg" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 18;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwpw">[18]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-18"><cite about="#mwt100" class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFAllbeson2015">Allbeson, Tom (September 2015). <a class="external text" href="https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/107159/1/Allbeson%20-%20Visualizing%20Wartime%20Destruction%20and%20Postwar%20Reconstruction.pdf" id="mwCIE" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"Visualizing Wartime Destruction and Postwar Reconstruction: Herbert Mason's Photograph of St. Paul's Reevaluated"</a> <span class="cs1-format" id="mwCII">(PDF)</span>. <i id="mwCIM">The Journal of Modern History</i>. <b id="mwCIQ">87</b> (3): 532–578. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./Doi_(identifier)" id="mwCIU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F682677" id="mwCIY" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">10.1086/682677</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./S2CID_(identifier)" id="mwCIc" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a><span id="mwCIg" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146192502" id="mwCIk" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">146192502</a>.</cite><span about="#mwt100" class="Z3988" id="mwCIo" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Modern+History&amp;rft.atitle=Visualizing+Wartime+Destruction+and+Postwar+Reconstruction%3A+Herbert+Mason%27s+Photograph+of+St.+Paul%27s+Reevaluated&amp;rft.volume=87&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=532-578&amp;rft.date=2015-09&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F682677&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A146192502%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft.aulast=Allbeson&amp;rft.aufirst=Tom&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Forca.cardiff.ac.uk%2Fid%2Feprint%2F107159%2F1%2FAllbeson%2520-%2520Visualizing%2520Wartime%2520Destruction%2520and%2520Postwar%2520Reconstruction.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+29"></span></span>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Air_Lines_Flight_401" id="mwqw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Eastern Air Lines Flight 401">Eastern Air Lines Flight 401</a> (a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_L-1011_TriStar" id="mwrA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Lockheed L-1011 TriStar">Lockheed L-1011 TriStar</a>) crashes in the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_Everglades" id="mwrQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Florida Everglades">Florida Everglades</a> on approach to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami_International_Airport" id="mwrg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Miami International Airport">Miami International Airport</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida" id="mwrw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Florida">Florida</a>, killing 101 of the 176 people on board.<sup about="#mwt108" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-19"}}' id="cite_ref-19" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_29#cite_note-19" id="mwsA" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 19;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwsQ">[19]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-19"><cite about="#mwt105" class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFRanter">Ranter, Harro. <a class="external text" href="https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19721229-0" id="mwCI4" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"ASN Aircraft accident Lockheed L-1011-385-1 TriStar 1 N310EA Everglades, FL"</a>. Aviation Safety Network<span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwCI8">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwCJA">8 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span about="#mwt105" class="Z3988" id="mwCJE" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=ASN+Aircraft+accident+Lockheed+L-1011-385-1+TriStar+1+N310EA+Everglades%2C+FL&amp;rft.pub=Aviation+Safety+Network&amp;rft.aulast=Ranter&amp;rft.aufirst=Harro&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faviation-safety.net%2Fdatabase%2Frecord.php%3Fid%3D19721229-0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+29"></span></span>

A <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_LaGuardia_Airport_bombing" id="mwtQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="1975 LaGuardia Airport bombing">bomb explodes</a> at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaGuardia_Airport" id="mwtg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="LaGuardia Airport">LaGuardia Airport</a> in New York City, killing 11 people and injuring more than 75.<sup about="#mwt113" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-20"}}' id="cite_ref-20" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_29#cite_note-20" id="mwtw" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 20;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwuA">[20]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-20"><cite about="#mwt110" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFMartin2011">Martin, Gus, ed. (2011). <i id="mwCJU">The SAGE Encyclopedia of Terrorism</i>. Vol.<span id="mwCJY" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>1 (2nd<span id="mwCJc" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>ed.). SAGE. p.<span id="mwCJg" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>341. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwCJk" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwCJo" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/978-1-4129-8017-3" id="mwCJs" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4129-8017-3"><bdi id="mwCJw">978-1-4129-8017-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span about="#mwt110" class="Z3988" id="mwCJ0" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+SAGE+Encyclopedia+of+Terrorism&amp;rft.pages=341&amp;rft.edition=2nd&amp;rft.pub=SAGE&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4129-8017-3&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+29"></span></span>

Czech writer, philosopher and dissident <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Václav_Havel" id="mwvA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Václav Havel">Václav Havel</a> is elected the first post-communist President of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovakia" id="mwvQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>.<sup about="#mwt118" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-21"}}' id="cite_ref-21" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_29#cite_note-21" id="mwvg" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 21;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwvw">[21]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-21"><cite about="#mwt115" class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFNiland2011">Niland, Lauren (19 December 2011). <a class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/from-the-archive-blog/2011/dec/19/from-the-archive-vaclav-havel-president-1989" id="mwCKE" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"29 December 1989: Václav Havel becomes president of Czechoslovakia"</a>. <i id="mwCKI">The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwCKM">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwCKQ">5 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span about="#mwt115" class="Z3988" id="mwCKU" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&amp;rft.atitle=29+December+1989%3A+V%C3%A1clav+Havel+becomes+president+of+Czechoslovakia&amp;rft.date=2011-12-19&amp;rft.aulast=Niland&amp;rft.aufirst=Lauren&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2Ffrom-the-archive-blog%2F2011%2Fdec%2F19%2Ffrom-the-archive-vaclav-havel-president-1989&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+29"></span></span>

The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikkei_225" id="mwwg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Nikkei 225">Nikkei 225</a> for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Stock_Exchange" id="mwww" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Tokyo Stock Exchange">Tokyo Stock Exchange</a> hits its all-time intra-day high of 38,957.44 and closing high at 38,915.87, serving as the apex of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_asset_price_bubble" id="mwxA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Japanese asset price bubble">Japanese asset price bubble</a>.<sup about="#mwt123" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-22"}}' id="cite_ref-22" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_29#cite_note-22" id="mwxQ" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 22;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwxg">[22]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-22"><cite about="#mwt120" class="citation web cs1" id="mwCKk"><a class="external text" href="http://uk.finance.yahoo.com/q/hp?s=%5EN225&amp;b=1&amp;a=00&amp;c=1980&amp;e=1&amp;d=00&amp;f=1992&amp;g=m" id="mwCKo" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"Nikkei 225 Historical prices, Nikkei 225 stocks"</a>. <i id="mwCKs">Yahoo Finance UK</i><span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwCKw">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwCK0">27 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span about="#mwt120" class="Z3988" id="mwCK4" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Yahoo+Finance+UK&amp;rft.atitle=Nikkei+225+Historical+prices%2C+Nikkei+225+stocks&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.finance.yahoo.com%2Fq%2Fhp%3Fs%3D%255EN225%26b%3D1%26a%3D00%26c%3D1980%26e%3D1%26d%3D00%26f%3D1992%26g%3Dm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+29"></span>.</span>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_Collor_de_Mello" id="mwyg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Fernando Collor de Mello">Fernando Collor de Mello</a>, president of Brazil, tries to resign amidst corruption charges, but is then impeached.<sup about="#mwt128" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-23"}}' id="cite_ref-23" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_29#cite_note-23" id="mwyw" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 23;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwzA">[23]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-23"><cite about="#mwt125" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFFigueiredo2010">Figueiredo, Argelina Cheibub (2010). Llanos, Mariana; Marsteintredet, Leiv (eds.). <i id="mwCLI">Presidential Breakdowns in Latin America: Causes and Outcomes of Executive Instability in Developing Democracies</i> (1st<span id="mwCLM" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. p.<span id="mwCLQ" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>115. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwCLU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwCLY" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/978-0-230-10581-2" id="mwCLc" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-10581-2"><bdi id="mwCLg">978-0-230-10581-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span about="#mwt125" class="Z3988" id="mwCLk" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Presidential+Breakdowns+in+Latin+America%3A+Causes+and+Outcomes+of+Executive+Instability+in+Developing+Democracies&amp;rft.pages=115&amp;rft.edition=1st&amp;rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-230-10581-2&amp;rft.aulast=Figueiredo&amp;rft.aufirst=Argelina+Cheibub&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+29"></span></span>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_Airlines_Flight_278" id="mw0A" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Turkish Airlines Flight 278">Turkish Airlines Flight 278</a> (a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_737_Classic" id="mw0Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Boeing 737 Classic">Boeing 737-400</a>) crashes on approach to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Ferit_Melen_Airport" id="mw0g" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Van Ferit Melen Airport">Van Ferit Melen Airport</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van,_Turkey" id="mw0w" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Van, Turkey">Van, Turkey</a>, killing 57 of the 76 people on board.<sup about="#mwt133" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-24"}}' id="cite_ref-24" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_29#cite_note-24" id="mw1A" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 24;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mw1Q">[24]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-24"><cite about="#mwt130" class="citation web cs1" id="mwCL0">Ranter, Harro. <a class="external text" href="https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19941229-0" id="mwCL4" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 737-4Y0 TC-JES Van Airport (VAN)"</a>. <i id="mwCL8">aviation-safety.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwCMA">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwCME">21 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span about="#mwt130" class="Z3988" id="mwCMI" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=aviation-safety.net&amp;rft.atitle=ASN+Aircraft+accident+Boeing+737-4Y0+TC-JES+Van+Airport+%28VAN%29&amp;rft.aulast=Ranter&amp;rft.aufirst=Harro&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faviation-safety.net%2Fdatabase%2Frecord.php%3Fid%3D19941229-0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+29"></span></span>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guatemala" id="mw2Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a> and leaders of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guatemalan_National_Revolutionary_Unity" id="mw2g" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity">Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity</a> sign a peace accord ending a 36-year <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guatemalan_Civil_War" id="mw2w" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Guatemalan Civil War">civil war</a>.<sup about="#mwt138" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-25"}}' id="cite_ref-25" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_29#cite_note-25" id="mw3A" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 25;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mw3Q">[25]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-25"><cite about="#mwt135" class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFDarling1996">Darling, Juanita (30 December 1996). <a class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-12-30-mn-13866-story.html" id="mwCMY" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"Signing of Accord Ends 35-Year Civil War in Guatemala"</a>. <i id="mwCMc">Los Angeles Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwCMg">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwCMk">5 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span about="#mwt135" class="Z3988" id="mwCMo" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Signing+of+Accord+Ends+35-Year+Civil+War+in+Guatemala&amp;rft.date=1996-12-30&amp;rft.aulast=Darling&amp;rft.aufirst=Juanita&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1996-12-30-mn-13866-story.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+29"></span></span>

Leaders of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_Rouge" id="mw4Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Khmer Rouge">Khmer Rouge</a> apologize for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodian_genocide" id="mw4g" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Cambodian genocide">Cambodian genocide</a> that claimed over one million lives.<sup about="#mwt143" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-26"}}' id="cite_ref-26" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_29#cite_note-26" id="mw4w" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 26;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mw5A">[26]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-26"><cite about="#mwt140" class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFKoiwai1999">Koiwai, Mayura (January 1999). <a class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/openview/1cedf89778b3c314246bbf97d0f1f22a/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&amp;cbl=32034" id="mwCM4" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"Regional report: Cambodia"</a>. <i id="mwCM8">Peacekeeping &amp; International Relations</i>. <b id="mwCNA">28</b> (1): 14<span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwCNE">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwCNI">12 December</span> 2022</span> <span id="mwCNM" typeof="mw:Entity">–</span> via ProQuest.</cite><span about="#mwt140" class="Z3988" id="mwCNQ" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Peacekeeping+%26+International+Relations&amp;rft.atitle=Regional+report%3A+Cambodia&amp;rft.volume=28&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=14&amp;rft.date=1999-01&amp;rft.aulast=Koiwai&amp;rft.aufirst=Mayura&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fopenview%2F1cedf89778b3c314246bbf97d0f1f22a%2F1%3Fpq-origsite%3Dgscholar%26cbl%3D32034&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+29"></span></span>

The last known speaker of <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkala_Sami_language" id="mw6A" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Akkala Sami language">Akkala Sami</a> dies, rendering the language extinct.<sup about="#mwt148" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-27"}}' id="cite_ref-27" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_29#cite_note-27" id="mw6Q" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 27;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mw6g">[27]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-27"><cite about="#mwt145" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" id="mwCNg"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070411023150/http://www.galdu.org/govat/doc/nordisk_samekonvensjon.pdf" id="mwCNk" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"Nordisk samekonvensjon"</a> <span class="cs1-format" id="mwCNo">(PDF)</span> (in Swedish). Archived from <a class="external text" href="http://www.galdu.org/govat/doc/nordisk_samekonvensjon.pdf" id="mwCNs" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format" id="mwCNw">(PDF)</span> on 11 April 2007<span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwCN0">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwCN4">2014-02-07</span></span>.</cite><span about="#mwt145" class="Z3988" id="mwCN8" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Nordisk+samekonvensjon&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.galdu.org%2Fgovat%2Fdoc%2Fnordisk_samekonvensjon.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+29"></span><link about="#mwt145" href="./Category:CS1_Swedish-language_sources_(sv)" id="mwCOA" rel="mw:PageProp/Category"/></span>

The UK settles its <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-American_loan" id="mw7g" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Anglo-American loan">Anglo-American loan</a>, post-WWII loan debt.<sup about="#mwt153" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-28"}}' id="cite_ref-28" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_29#cite_note-28" id="mw7w" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 28;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mw8A">[28]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-28"><cite about="#mwt150" class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFThornton2006">Thornton, Philip (29 December 2006). <a class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/britain-pays-off-final-instalment-of-us-loan-after-61-years-430118.html" id="mwCOQ" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"Britain pays off final instalment of US loan - after 61 years"</a>. <i id="mwCOU">The Independent</i><span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwCOY">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwCOc">9 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span about="#mwt150" class="Z3988" id="mwCOg" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Independent&amp;rft.atitle=Britain+pays+off+final+instalment+of+US+loan+-+after+61+years&amp;rft.date=2006-12-29&amp;rft.aulast=Thornton&amp;rft.aufirst=Philip&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Fnews%2Fbritain-pays-off-final-instalment-of-us-loan-after-61-years-430118.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+29"></span></span>

A <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-204" id="mw9A" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Tupolev Tu-204">Tupolev Tu-204</a> airliner <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Wings_Airlines_Flight_9268" id="mw9Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Red Wings Airlines Flight 9268">crashes in a ditch</a> between the airport fence and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3_highway_(Russia)" id="mw9g" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="M3 highway (Russia)">M3 highway</a> after overshooting a runway at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vnukovo_International_Airport" id="mw9w" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Vnukovo International Airport">Vnukovo International Airport</a> in Moscow, Russia, killing five people and leaving three others critically injured.<sup about="#mwt158" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-29"}}' id="cite_ref-29" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_29#cite_note-29" id="mw-A" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 29;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mw-Q">[29]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-29"><cite about="#mwt155" class="citation news cs1" id="mwCOw"><a class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/dec/29/russian-passenger-jet-crashes-moscow-vnukovo" id="mwCO0" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"Russian passenger jet crashes at Moscow's Vnukovo airport"</a>. <i id="mwCO4">The Guardian</i>. 29 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwCO8">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwCPA">9 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span about="#mwt155" class="Z3988" id="mwCPE" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&amp;rft.atitle=Russian+passenger+jet+crashes+at+Moscow%27s+Vnukovo+airport&amp;rft.date=2012-12-29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2012%2Fdec%2F29%2Frussian-passenger-jet-crashes-moscow-vnukovo&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+29"></span></span>

A <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_2013_Volgograd_bombings" id="mw_Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="December 2013 Volgograd bombings">suicide bomb attack</a> at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd_railway_station" id="mw_g" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Volgograd railway station">Volgograd-1 railway station</a> in the southern Russian city of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" id="mw_w" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a> kills at least 18 people and wounds 40 others.<sup about="#mwt163" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-30"}}' id="cite_ref-30" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_29#cite_note-30" id="mwAQA" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 30;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwAQE">[30]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-30"><cite about="#mwt160" class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFKarpov2013">Karpov, Sergei (29 December 2013). <a class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-blast-idUSBRE9BS02S20131229" id="mwCPU" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"Suicide bomber kills at least 16 at Russian train station"</a>. <i id="mwCPY">Reuters</i><span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwCPc">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwCPg">9 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span about="#mwt160" class="Z3988" id="mwCPk" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Reuters&amp;rft.atitle=Suicide+bomber+kills+at+least+16+at+Russian+train+station&amp;rft.date=2013-12-29&amp;rft.aulast=Karpov&amp;rft.aufirst=Sergei&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-russia-blast-idUSBRE9BS02S20131229&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+29"></span></span>

Seven-time <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_One" id="mwAQQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Formula_One_World_Drivers'_Champions" id="mwAQU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions">champion</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Schumacher" id="mwAQY" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Michael Schumacher">Michael Schumacher</a> suffers a massive head injury while skiing in the French Alps.<sup about="#mwt168" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-31"}}' id="cite_ref-31" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_29#cite_note-31" id="mwAQc" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 31;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwAQg">[31]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-31"><cite about="#mwt165" class="citation news cs1" id="mwCP0"><a class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/25542340" id="mwCP4" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"Schumacher injured in skiing accident"</a>. <i id="mwCP8">BBC Sport</i><span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwCQA">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwCQE">17 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span about="#mwt165" class="Z3988" id="mwCQI" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+Sport&amp;rft.atitle=Schumacher+injured+in+skiing+accident&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fsport%2Fformula1%2F25542340&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+29"></span></span>

A large explosion at the airport in the southern Yemeni city of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden" id="mwAQw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Aden">Aden</a> kills at least 22 people and wounds 50.<sup about="#mwt173" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-32"}}' id="cite_ref-32" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_29#cite_note-32" id="mwAQ0" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 32;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwAQ4">[32]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-32"><cite about="#mwt170" class="citation news cs1" id="mwCQY"><a class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-55484436" id="mwCQc" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"Yemen war: Deadly attack at Aden airport as new government arrives"</a>. <i id="mwCQg">BBC News</i>. 31 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwCQk">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwCQo">2 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span about="#mwt170" class="Z3988" id="mwCQs" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=Yemen+war%3A+Deadly+attack+at+Aden+airport+as+new+government+arrives&amp;rft.date=2020-12-31&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-55484436&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+29"></span></span>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Petrinja_earthquake" id="mwARE" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="2020 Petrinja earthquake">A magnitude 6.4 earthquake</a> hits near the town of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrinja" id="mwARI" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Petrinja">Petrinja</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisak-Moslavina_County" id="mwARM" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Sisak-Moslavina County">Sisak-Moslavina County</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia" id="mwARQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, killing seven people.<sup about="#mwt178" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-33"}}' id="cite_ref-33" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_29#cite_note-33" id="mwARU" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 33;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwARY">[33]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-33"><cite about="#mwt175" class="citation news cs1" id="mwCQ8"><a class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-55474230.amp" id="mwCRA" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"Croatia earthquake: Seven dead as rescuers search rubble for survivors"</a>. <i id="mwCRE">BBC News</i>. 29 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwCRI">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwCRM">21 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span about="#mwt175" class="Z3988" id="mwCRQ" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=Croatia+earthquake%3A+Seven+dead+as+rescuers+search+rubble+for+survivors&amp;rft.date=2020-12-29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-55474230.amp&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+29"></span></span>

The second and final edition of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_of_Justinian" id="mwEQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Code of Justinian">Code of Justinian</a> comes into effect in the Byzantine Empire.<sup about="#mwt15" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-1"}}' id="cite_ref-1" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_30#cite_note-1" id="mwEg" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 1;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwEw">[1]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-1"><cite about="#mwt12" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1" id="mwBrg">"Codex Justinianus". <i id="mwBrk"><a href="./Oxford_Dictionary_of_Byzantium" id="mwBro" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium">Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium</a></i>. <a href="./New_York_City" id="mwBrs" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="New York City">New York</a> &amp; <a href="./Oxford" id="mwBrw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>: <a href="./Oxford_University_Press" id="mwBr0" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. 1991. p.<span id="mwBr4" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>474. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwBr8" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwBsA" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/0195046528" id="mwBsE" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/0195046528"><bdi id="mwBsI">0195046528</bdi></a>.</cite><span about="#mwt12" class="Z3988" id="mwBsM" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Codex+Justinianus&amp;rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+Byzantium&amp;rft.place=New+York+%26+Oxford&amp;rft.pages=474&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft.isbn=0195046528&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+30"></span></span>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Glenmama" id="mwFw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Battle of Glenmama">Battle of Glenmama</a>: The combined forces of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munster" id="mwGA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Munster">Munster</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Meath" id="mwGQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Kingdom of Meath">Meath</a> under king <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Boru" id="mwGg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Brian Boru">Brian Boru</a> inflict a crushing defeat on the allied armies of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leinster" id="mwGw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Leinster">Leinster</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Dublin" id="mwHA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Kingdom of Dublin">Dublin</a> near <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyons_Hill" id="mwHQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Lyons Hill">Lyons Hill</a> in Ireland.

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1066_Granada_massacre" id="mwIQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="1066 Granada massacre">Granada massacre</a>: A <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" id="mwIg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Islam">Muslim</a> mob storms the royal palace in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granada" id="mwIw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Granada">Granada</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crucifixion" id="mwJA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Crucifixion">crucifies</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews" id="mwJQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Jews">Jewish</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vizier" id="mwJg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Vizier">vizier</a> Joseph ibn Naghrela and massacres most of the Jewish population of the city.

<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundred_Years'_War_(1415–53)" id="mwKg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Hundred Years' War (1415–53)">Hundred Years' War</a>: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_La_Rochelle_(1419)" id="mwKw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Battle of La Rochelle (1419)">Battle of La Rochelle</a>.

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wars_of_the_Roses" id="mwLw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Wars of the Roses">Wars of the Roses</a>: Lancastrians kill the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_of_York,_3rd_Duke_of_York" id="mwMA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York">3rd Duke of York</a> and win the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Wakefield" id="mwMQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Battle of Wakefield">Battle of Wakefield</a>.

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Anne's_War" id="mwNw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Queen Anne's War">Queen Anne's War</a>: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Moore_Sr." id="mwOA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="James Moore Sr.">James Moore</a>, Governor of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_of_Carolina" id="mwOQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Province of Carolina">Province of Carolina</a>, abandons the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_St._Augustine_(1702)" id="mwOg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Siege of St. Augustine (1702)">Siege of St. Augustine</a>.

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_1812" id="mwPg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>: British soldiers <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Buffalo" id="mwPw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Battle of Buffalo">burn Buffalo</a>, New York.

The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_St._Louis_(1816)" id="mwQw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Treaty of St. Louis (1816)">Treaty of St. Louis</a> between the United States and the united <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odawa" id="mwRA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Odawa">Ottawa</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ojibwe" id="mwRQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ojibwe">Ojibwa</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potawatomi" id="mwRg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Potawatomi">Potawatomi</a> Indian tribes is proclaimed.

The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_St._Louis_(1825)" id="mwSg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Treaty of St. Louis (1825)">Treaty of St. Louis</a> between the United States and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shawnee" id="mwSw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Shawnee">Shawnee</a> Nation is proclaimed.

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadsden_Purchase" id="mwTw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Gadsden Purchase">Gadsden Purchase</a>: The United States buys land from Mexico to facilitate <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport" id="mwUA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Rail transport">railroad</a> building in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" id="mwUQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Southwestern United States">Southwest</a>.

Following the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wounded_Knee_Massacre" id="mwVQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Wounded Knee Massacre">Wounded Knee Massacre</a>, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army" id="mwVg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakota_people" id="mwVw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Lakota people">Lakota</a> warriors face off in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drexel_Mission_Fight" id="mwWA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Drexel Mission Fight">Drexel Mission Fight</a>.<sup about="#mwt20" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-2"}}' id="cite_ref-2" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_30#cite_note-2" id="mwWQ" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 2;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwWg">[2]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-2"><cite about="#mwt17" class="citation web cs1" id="mwBsc"><a class="external text" href="http://www.buffalosoldiers-washington.com/MajorHenrySep24.html" id="mwBsg" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"Major Guy V. Henry and the 9th Cavalry's Great Cavalry Ride"</a>. Buffalo Soldiers Greater Washington DC Chapter 9th and 10th (Horse) Cavalry Association<span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwBsk">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwBso">30 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span about="#mwt17" class="Z3988" id="mwBss" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Major+Guy+V.+Henry+and+the+9th+Cavalry%27s+Great+Cavalry+Ride&amp;rft.pub=Buffalo+Soldiers+Greater+Washington+DC+Chapter+9th+and+10th+%28Horse%29+Cavalry+Association&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buffalosoldiers-washington.com%2FMajorHenrySep24.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+30"></span></span>

Filipino patriot and reform advocate <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/José_Rizal" id="mwXg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="José Rizal">José Rizal</a> is executed by a Spanish <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Execution_by_firing_squad" id="mwXw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Execution by firing squad">firing squad</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila" id="mwYA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Manila">Manila</a>.

Canadian <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_hockey" id="mwYw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> player <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernie_McLea" id="mwZA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ernie McLea">Ernie McLea</a> scores the first <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hat-trick" id="mwZQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Hat-trick">hat-trick</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Cup" id="mwZg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Stanley Cup">Stanley Cup</a> play, and the Cup-winning goal as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal_Victorias" id="mwZw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Montreal Victorias">Montreal Victorias</a> defeat the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winnipeg_Victorias" id="mwaA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Winnipeg Victorias">Winnipeg Victorias</a> 6–5.

The British <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony_of_Natal" id="mwbA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Colony of Natal">Colony of Natal</a> annexes <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulu_Kingdom" id="mwbQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Zulu Kingdom">Zululand</a>.

The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_Expedition" id="mwcw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Discovery Expedition">Discovery Expedition</a> under <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Falcon_Scott" id="mwdA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Robert Falcon Scott">Robert Falcon Scott</a> attained a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farthest_South" id="mwdQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Farthest South">Farthest South</a> at 82°17′S in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctica" id="mwdg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a>.<sup about="#mwt25" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-3"}}' id="cite_ref-3" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_30#cite_note-3" id="mwdw" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 3;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mweA">[3]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-3"><cite about="#mwt22" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFCrane"><a href="./David_Crane_(historian)" id="mwBs8" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="David Crane (historian)">Crane, David</a> (2005). <i id="mwBtA">Scott of the Antarctic: A Life of Courage, and Tragedy in the Extreme South</i>. London: <a href="./HarperCollins" id="mwBtE" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. pp.<span id="mwBtI" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>214 215. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwBtM" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwBtQ" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/978-0-00-715068-7" id="mwBtU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-715068-7"><bdi id="mwBtY">978-0-00-715068-7</bdi></a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./OCLC_(identifier)" id="mwBtc" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a><span id="mwBtg" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/60793758" id="mwBtk" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">60793758</a>.</cite><span about="#mwt22" class="Z3988" id="mwBto" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Scott+of+the+Antarctic%3A+A+Life+of+Courage%2C+and+Tragedy+in+the+Extreme+South&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pages=214+215&amp;rft.pub=HarperCollins&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F60793758&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-00-715068-7&amp;rft.aulast=Crane&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+30"></span></span>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iroquois_Theatre_fire" id="mwfA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Iroquois Theatre fire">A fire at the Iroquois Theater</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago" id="mwfQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Chicago">Chicago, Illinois</a> kills at least 605.

Former <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idaho" id="mwgQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Idaho">Idaho</a> Governor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Steunenberg" id="mwgg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Frank Steunenberg">Frank Steunenberg</a> is assassinated at the front gate of his home in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldwell,_Idaho" id="mwgw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Caldwell, Idaho">Caldwell</a>.

The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-India_Muslim_League" id="mwhw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="All-India Muslim League">All-India Muslim League</a> is founded in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhaka" id="mwiA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Dhaka">Dacca</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Bengal" id="mwiQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="East Bengal">East Bengal</a>, British India (later <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhaka,_Bangladesh" id="mwig" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Dhaka, Bangladesh">Dhaka, Bangladesh</a>).

Russian mystic and advisor to the Tsar <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigori_Yefimovich_Rasputin" id="mwjg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Grigori Yefimovich Rasputin">Grigori Yefimovich Rasputin</a> is murdered by a loyalist group led by Prince <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix_Yusupov" id="mwjw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Felix Yusupov">Felix Yusupov</a>. His frozen, partially-trussed body was discovered in a Petrograd river three days later.

The last <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Hungarian_monarch" id="mwkg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Coronation of the Hungarian monarch">coronation in Hungary</a> is performed for King <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_Austria" id="mwkw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Charles I of Austria">Charles IV</a> and Queen <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zita_of_Bourbon-Parma" id="mwlA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Zita of Bourbon-Parma">Zita</a>.

The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" id="mwmA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Soviet Union">Union of Soviet Socialist Republics</a> (USSR) <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Creation_of_the_USSR" id="mwmQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Treaty on the Creation of the USSR">is formed</a>.

The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Metro_Ginza_Line" id="mwnQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Tokyo Metro Ginza Line">Ginza Line</a>, the first <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_transit" id="mwng" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Rapid transit">subway line</a> in Asia, opens in Tokyo, Japan.

The Italian Air Force <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolo_hospital_airstrike" id="mwog" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Dolo hospital airstrike">bombs a Swedish Red Cross hospital</a> during the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Italo-Abyssinian_War" id="mwow" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Second Italo-Abyssinian War">Second Italo-Abyssinian War</a>.

The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flint_sit-down_strike" id="mwpw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Flint sit-down strike">Flint sit-down strike</a> hits General Motors.

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subhas_Chandra_Bose" id="mwqw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Subhas Chandra Bose">Subhas Chandra Bose</a> raises the flag of Indian independence at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Blair" id="mwrA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Port Blair">Port Blair</a>.

King <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_II_of_Greece" id="mwsA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="George II of Greece">George II of Greece</a> declares a regency, leaving the throne vacant.

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War" id="mwtA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>: King <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_I_of_Romania" id="mwtQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Michael I of Romania">Michael I of Romania</a> is forced to abdicate by the Soviet Union-backed Communist government of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania" id="mwtg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Romania">Romania</a>.

An RAF <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avro_Lancaster" id="mwug" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Avro Lancaster">Avro Lancaster</a> bomber <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_Luqa_Avro_Lancaster_crash" id="mwuw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="1952 Luqa Avro Lancaster crash">crashes</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luqa" id="mwvA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Luqa">Luqa</a>, Malta after an engine failure, killing three crew members and a civilian on the ground.<sup about="#mwt30" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-4"}}' id="cite_ref-4" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_30#cite_note-4" id="mwvQ" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 4;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwvg">[4]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-4"><cite about="#mwt27" class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFCaruana2012">Caruana, Richard (30 December 2012). <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215180324/https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/60-years-ago-lancaster-crashes-into-luqa-village.451515" id="mwBt4" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"60 years ago: Lancaster crashes into Luqa village"</a>. <i id="mwBt8"><a href="./Times_of_Malta" id="mwBuA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Times of Malta">Times of Malta</a></i>. Archived from <a class="external text" href="https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/60-years-ago-lancaster-crashes-into-luqa-village.451515" id="mwBuE" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">the original</a> on 15 February 2020.</cite><span about="#mwt27" class="Z3988" id="mwBuI" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Times+of+Malta&amp;rft.atitle=60+years+ago%3A+Lancaster+crashes+into+Luqa+village&amp;rft.date=2012-12-30&amp;rft.aulast=Caruana&amp;rft.aufirst=Richard&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofmalta.com%2Farticles%2Fview%2F60-years-ago-lancaster-crashes-into-luqa-village.451515&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+30"></span></span>

The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Investigation_(Finland)" id="mwwg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="National Bureau of Investigation (Finland)">Finnish National Bureau of Investigation</a> is established to consolidate <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_investigation" id="mwww" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Criminal investigation">criminal investigation</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_intelligence" id="mwxA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Criminal intelligence">intelligence</a> into a single agency.<sup about="#mwt35" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-5"}}' id="cite_ref-5" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_30#cite_note-5" id="mwxQ" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 5;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwxg">[5]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-5"><cite about="#mwt32" class="citation web cs1" id="mwBuY"><a class="external text" href="https://www.calendarz.com/on-this-day/december/30/national-bureau-of-investigation-finland" id="mwBuc" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"Events on December 30 in history: National Bureau of Investigation (Finland)"</a>. <i id="mwBug">CalendarZ</i>. 30 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwBuk">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwBuo">30 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span about="#mwt32" class="Z3988" id="mwBus" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=CalendarZ&amp;rft.atitle=Events+on+December+30+in+history%3A+National+Bureau+of+Investigation+%28Finland%29&amp;rft.date=2022-12-30&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.calendarz.com%2Fon-this-day%2Fdecember%2F30%2Fnational-bureau-of-investigation-finland&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+30"></span></span>

The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guatemalan_Air_Force" id="mwyg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Guatemalan Air Force">Guatemalan Air Force</a> sinks several Mexican fishing boats alleged to have breached maritime borders, killing three and sparking <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico-Guatemala_conflict" id="mwyw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Mexico-Guatemala conflict">international tension</a>.

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeroflot_Flight_L-51" id="mwzw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Aeroflot Flight L-51">Aeroflot Flight L-51</a> crashes near <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liepāja_International_Airport" id="mw0A" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Liepāja International Airport">Liepāja International Airport</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liepāja" id="mw0Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Liepāja">Liepāja</a>, Latvia, killing 43.<sup about="#mwt40" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{"name":"asn"},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-asn-6"}}' id="cite_ref-asn_6-0" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_30#cite_note-asn-6" id="mw0g" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 6;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mw0w">[6]</span></a></sup>

Vietnam War: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Linebacker_II" id="mw1w" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Operation Linebacker II">Operation Linebacker II</a> ends.

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stella_Sigcau" id="mw2w" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Stella Sigcau">Stella Sigcau</a>, Prime minister of the South African <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantustan" id="mw3A" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Bantustan">Bantustan</a> of Transkei, is ousted from power in a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987_Transkei_coup_d'état" id="mw3Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="1987 Transkei coup d'état">bloodless military coup</a> led by General <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_Holomisa" id="mw3g" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Bantu Holomisa">Bantu Holomisa</a>.<sup about="#mwt45" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-7"}}' id="cite_ref-7" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_30#cite_note-7" id="mw3w" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 7;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mw4A">[7]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-7"><cite about="#mwt42" class="citation web cs1" id="mwBvg"><a class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-12-30-mn-21764-story.html" id="mwBvk" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"Army Stages Coup in Black S. Africa Area: General Takes Over in Transkei Region, Charges Corruption"</a>. <i id="mwBvo">The Los Angeles Times</i>. 30 December 1987<span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwBvs">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwBvw">25 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span about="#mwt42" class="Z3988" id="mwBv0" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Los+Angeles+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Army+Stages+Coup+in+Black+S.+Africa+Area%3A+General+Takes+Over+in+Transkei+Region%2C+Charges+Corruption&amp;rft.date=1987-12-30&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1987-12-30-mn-21764-story.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+30"></span></span>

Israel establishes <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplomatic_recognition" id="mw5A" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Diplomatic recognition">diplomatic relations</a> with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_See" id="mw5Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Holy See">Vatican City</a> and also upgrades to full diplomatic relations with Ireland.

Proposed budget cuts by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" id="mw6Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a> spark protests from 250,000 workers who shut down services across Israel.

In the worst incident in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algeria" id="mw7Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>'s insurgency, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilaya_of_Relizane_massacres_of_30_December_1997" id="mw7g" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Wilaya of Relizane massacres of 30 December 1997">Wilaya of Relizane massacres</a>, 400 people from four villages are killed.

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizal_Day_bombings" id="mw8g" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Rizal Day bombings">Rizal Day bombings</a>: A series of bombs explode in various places in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manila" id="mw8w" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a>, Philippines within a period of a few hours, killing 22 and injuring about a hundred.

A fire in the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/República_Cromañón_nightclub_fire" id="mw9w" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="República Cromañón nightclub fire">República Cromagnon nightclub</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buenos_Aires" id="mw-A" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, Argentina, kills 194.

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_Storm_Zeta_(2005)" id="mw_A" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Tropical Storm Zeta (2005)">Tropical Storm Zeta</a> forms in the open Atlantic Ocean, tying the record for the latest <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_cyclone" id="mw_Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Tropical cyclone">tropical cyclone</a> ever to form in the North Atlantic basin.

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid–Barajas_Airport" id="mwAQE" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Madrid–Barajas Airport">Madrid–Barajas Airport</a> is <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Madrid-Barajas_Airport_bombing" id="mwAQI" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="2006 Madrid-Barajas Airport bombing">bombed</a>.

The Indonesian passenger ferry <a about="#mwt46" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"MV","href":"./Template:MV"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Senopati Nusantara"}},"i":0}}]}' href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MV_Senopati_Nusantara" id="mwAQU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="MV Senopati Nusantara" typeof="mw:Transclusion">MV<span typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><i>Senopati Nusantara</i></a> sinks in a storm, resulting in at least 400 deaths.

Former <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Iraq" id="mwAQg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="President of Iraq">President of Iraq</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" id="mwAQk" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Execution_of_Saddam_Hussein" id="mwAQo" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Execution of Saddam Hussein">is executed</a>.

A segment of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanzhou–Zhengzhou–Changsha_pipeline" id="mwAQ4" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Lanzhou–Zhengzhou–Changsha pipeline">Lanzhou–Zhengzhou–Changsha pipeline</a> ruptures in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaanxi" id="mwAQ8" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>, China, and approximately <span about="#mwt47" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"convert","href":"./Template:Convert"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"150000"},"2":{"wt":"L"},"3":{"wt":"usgal"},"abbr":{"wt":"on"}},"i":0}}]}' id="mwARA" typeof="mw:Transclusion">150,000</span><span about="#mwt47" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><span about="#mwt47">L (40,000</span><span about="#mwt47" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><span about="#mwt47">US</span><span about="#mwt47" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><span about="#mwt47">gal)</span> of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel" id="mwARE" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Diesel fuel">diesel oil</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_River_oil_spill" id="mwARI" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Yellow River oil spill">flows down</a> the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wei_River" id="mwARM" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Wei River">Wei River</a> before finally reaching the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_River" id="mwARQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a>.

A suicide bomber <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_Chapman_attack" id="mwARc" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Camp Chapman attack">kills</a> nine people at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_Operating_Base_Chapman" id="mwARg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Forward Operating Base Chapman">Forward Operating Base Chapman</a>, a key facility of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" id="mwARk" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" id="mwARo" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>.

More than 100 people are killed when anti-government forces <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_2013_Kinshasa_attacks" id="mwAR4" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="December 2013 Kinshasa attacks">attack</a> key buildings in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa" id="mwAR8" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" id="mwASA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a>.

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vandals" id="mwEw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Vandals">Vandals</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alans" id="mwFA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Alans">Alans</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suebi" id="mwFQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Suebi">Suebians</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossing_of_the_Rhine" id="mwFg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Crossing of the Rhine">cross the Rhine</a>, beginning an invasion of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaul" id="mwFw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Gaul">Gaul</a>.<sup about="#mwt20" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-2"}}' id="cite_ref-2" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_31#cite_note-2" id="mwGA" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 2;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwGQ">[2]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-2"><cite about="#mwt17" class="citation book cs1" id="mwB1A"><a class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/empiresbesiegedt00time/page/38/mode/2up" id="mwB1E" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow"><i id="mwB1I">Empires besieged<span id="mwB1M" typeof="mw:DisplaySpace"> </span>: time frame--AD 200-600</i></a>. Alexandria, Va.<span id="mwB1Q" typeof="mw:DisplaySpace"> </span>: Time-Life Books. 1988. p.<span id="mwB1U" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>38. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwB1Y" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwB1c" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/978-0-8094-6416-6" id="mwB1g" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8094-6416-6"><bdi id="mwB1k">978-0-8094-6416-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwB1o">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwB1s">5 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span about="#mwt17" class="Z3988" id="mwB1w" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Empires+besieged+%3A+time+frame--AD+200-600&amp;rft.pages=38&amp;rft.pub=Alexandria%2C+Va.+%3A+Time-Life+Books&amp;rft.date=1988&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8094-6416-6&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fempiresbesiegedt00time%2Fpage%2F38%2Fmode%2F2up&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+31"></span></span>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" id="mwHQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> general <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belisarius" id="mwHg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Belisarius">Belisarius</a> completes the conquest of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicily" id="mwHw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, defeating the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostrogoths" id="mwIA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ostrogoths">Gothic</a> garrison of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" id="mwIQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Palermo">Palermo</a> (Panormos), and ending his <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consul" id="mwIg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Consul">consulship</a> for the year.<sup about="#mwt25" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-3"}}' id="cite_ref-3" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_31#cite_note-3" id="mwIw" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 3;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwJA">[3]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-3"><cite about="#mwt22" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFKruse2019">Kruse, Marion (4 October 2019). <i id="mwB2A">The Politics of Roman Memory: From the Fall of the Western Empire to the Age of Justinian</i>. University of Pennsylvania Press. p.<span id="mwB2E" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>117. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwB2I" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwB2M" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-5162-3" id="mwB2Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-5162-3"><bdi id="mwB2U">978-0-8122-5162-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span about="#mwt22" class="Z3988" id="mwB2Y" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Roman+Memory%3A+From+the+Fall+of+the+Western+Empire+to+the+Age+of+Justinian&amp;rft.pages=117&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&amp;rft.date=2019-10-04&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8122-5162-3&amp;rft.aulast=Kruse&amp;rft.aufirst=Marion&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+31"></span></span>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Englefield" id="mwKA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Battle of Englefield">Battle of Englefield</a>: The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikings" id="mwKQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Vikings">Vikings</a> clash with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ealdorman" id="mwKg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ealdorman">ealdorman</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Æthelwulf_of_Berkshire" id="mwKw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Æthelwulf of Berkshire">Æthelwulf of Berkshire</a>. The invaders are driven back to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading,_Berkshire" id="mwLA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Reading, Berkshire">Reading</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_East_Anglia" id="mwLQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Kingdom of East Anglia">East Anglia</a>); many <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danes" id="mwLg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Danes">Danes</a> are killed.<sup about="#mwt30" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{"name":"Smith1980"},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Smith1980-4"}}' id="cite_ref-Smith1980_4-0" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_31#cite_note-Smith1980-4" id="mwLw" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 4;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwMA">[4]</span></a></sup>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" id="mwNA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" id="mwNQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry<span id="mwNg" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>IV</a> is forced to abdicate in favor of his son, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" id="mwNw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry<span id="mwOA" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>V</a>, in <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingelheim" id="mwOQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ingelheim">Ingelheim</a>.<sup about="#mwt35" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-5"}}' id="cite_ref-5" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_31#cite_note-5" id="mwOg" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 5;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwOw">[5]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-5"><cite about="#mwt32" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFRobinson2003">Robinson, I. S. (2003) [1999]. <i id="mwB3U">Henry IV of Germany, 1056–1106</i>. Cambridge University Press. p.<span id="mwB3Y" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>336. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwB3c" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwB3g" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/0-521-54590-0" id="mwB3k" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-54590-0"><bdi id="mwB3o">0-521-54590-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span about="#mwt32" class="Z3988" id="mwB3s" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Henry+IV+of+Germany%2C+1056%E2%80%931106&amp;rft.pages=336&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.isbn=0-521-54590-0&amp;rft.aulast=Robinson&amp;rft.aufirst=I.+S.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+31"></span></span>

The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lý_dynasty" id="mwPw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Lý dynasty">Lý dynasty</a> of Vietnam ends after 216 years by the enthronement of the boy emperor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trần_Thái_Tông" id="mwQA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Trần Thái Tông">Trần Thái Tông</a>, husband of the last Lý monarch, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lý_Chiêu_Hoàng" id="mwQQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Lý Chiêu Hoàng">Lý Chiêu Hoàng</a>, starting the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trần_dynasty" id="mwQg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Trần dynasty">Trần dynasty</a>.<link about="#mwt36" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"citation needed","href":"./Template:Citation_needed"},"params":{"date":{"wt":"September 2022"}},"i":0}}]}' href="./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" id="mwQw" rel="mw:PageProp/Category" typeof="mw:Transclusion"/><link about="#mwt36" href="./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_September_2022" rel="mw:PageProp/Category"/><sup about="#mwt36" class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" id="mwRA" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:Entity">[</span><i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i><span typeof="mw:Entity">]</span></sup>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_I_of_Aragon" id="mwSA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="James I of Aragon">James I the Conqueror</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Aragon" id="mwSQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="King of Aragon">King of Aragon</a>, enters Medina Mayurqa (now known as <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palma,_Majorca" id="mwSg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Palma, Majorca">Palma</a>, Spain), thus consummating the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conquest_of_Majorca" id="mwSw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Conquest of Majorca">Christian reconquest</a> of the island of <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majorca" id="mwTA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Majorca">Majorca</a>.<sup about="#mwt41" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-6"}}' id="cite_ref-6" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_31#cite_note-6" id="mwTQ" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 6;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwTg">[6]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-6"><cite about="#mwt38" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" id="CITEREFF._Xavier_Hernández_CardonaXavier_Rubio_Campillo2010">F. Xavier Hernández Cardona; Xavier Rubio Campillo (October 2010). <i id="mwB38">Breve Historia de la guerra antigua y medieval (Brief history of the old and medieval war)</i> (in Spanish). Fareso. p.<span id="mwB4A" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>211. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwB4E" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwB4I" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/9788497639743" id="mwB4M" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/9788497639743"><bdi id="mwB4Q">9788497639743</bdi></a>.</cite><span about="#mwt38" class="Z3988" id="mwB4U" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Breve+Historia+de+la+guerra+antigua+y+medieval+%28Brief+history+of+the+old+and+medieval+war%29&amp;rft.pages=211&amp;rft.pub=Fareso&amp;rft.date=2010-10&amp;rft.isbn=9788497639743&amp;rft.au=F.+Xavier+Hern%C3%A1ndez+Cardona&amp;rft.au=Xavier+Rubio+Campillo&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+31"></span><link about="#mwt38" href="./Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" id="mwB4Y" rel="mw:PageProp/Category"/></span>

The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Battle_of_Cannanore" id="mwUg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="First Battle of Cannanore">First Battle of Cannanore</a> commences, seeing the first use of the naval <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_of_battle" id="mwUw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Line of battle">line of battle</a>.<link about="#mwt42" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"citation needed","href":"./Template:Citation_needed"},"params":{"date":{"wt":"September 2022"}},"i":0}}]}' href="./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" id="mwVA" rel="mw:PageProp/Category" typeof="mw:Transclusion"/><link about="#mwt42" href="./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_September_2022" rel="mw:PageProp/Category"/><sup about="#mwt42" class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" id="mwVQ" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:Entity">[</span><i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i><span typeof="mw:Entity">]</span></sup>

The British <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_India_Company" id="mwWQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> is chartered.<sup about="#mwt47" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-7"}}' id="cite_ref-7" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_31#cite_note-7" id="mwWg" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 7;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwWw">[7]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-7"><cite about="#mwt44" class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFLow1875">Low, C. R. (1875). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L-IRAAAAYAAJ" id="mwB4o" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"History of the Indian Navy: Chapter I. 1600-1622"</a>. <i id="mwB4s">The United Service Magazine</i> (3). H. Colburn: 148<span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwB4w">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwB40">5 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span about="#mwt44" class="Z3988" id="mwB44" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+United+Service+Magazine&amp;rft.atitle=History+of+the+Indian+Navy%3A+Chapter+I.+1600-1622&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=148&amp;rft.date=1875&amp;rft.aulast=Low&amp;rft.aufirst=C.+R.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL-IRAAAAYAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+31"></span></span>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_II_of_England" id="mwYQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="James II of England">James II of England</a> is named <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_of_Normandy" id="mwYg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Duke of Normandy">Duke of Normandy</a> by <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" id="mwYw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV of France</a>.

The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_expedition_to_Valdivia" id="mwZw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="English expedition to Valdivia">expedition of John Narborough</a> leaves <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corral_Bay" id="mwaA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Corral Bay">Corral Bay</a>, having surveyed the coast and lost four hostages to the Spanish.<sup about="#mwt52" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-8"}}' id="cite_ref-8" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_31#cite_note-8" id="mwaQ" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 8;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwag">[8]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-8"><cite about="#mwt49" class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFUrbina2017"><a href="./Ximena_Urbina" id="mwB5I" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ximena Urbina">Urbina, María Ximena</a> (2017). <a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4067%2FS0718-22442017000200011" id="mwB5M" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"La expedición de John Narborough a Chile, 1670: defensa de Valdivia, rumores de indios, informaciones de los prisioneros y la creencia en la ciudad de los Césares"</a> <span id="mwB5Q" typeof="mw:Entity">[</span>John Narborough Expedition to Chile, 1670: Defense of Valdivia, Indian Rumors, Information on Prisoners, and the Belief in the City of the Césares<span id="mwB5U" typeof="mw:Entity">]</span>. <i id="mwB5Y">Magallania</i>. <b id="mwB5c">45</b> (2): 11–36. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./Doi_(identifier)" id="mwB5g" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" id="mwB5k" title="Freely accessible"><a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4067%2FS0718-22442017000200011" id="mwB5o" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">10.4067/S0718-22442017000200011</a></span>.</cite><span about="#mwt49" class="Z3988" id="mwB5s" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Magallania&amp;rft.atitle=La+expedici%C3%B3n+de+John+Narborough+a+Chile%2C+1670%3A+defensa+de+Valdivia%2C+rumores+de+indios%2C+informaciones+de+los+prisioneros+y+la+creencia+en+la+ciudad+de+los+C%C3%A9sares&amp;rft.volume=45&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=11-36&amp;rft.date=2017&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4067%2FS0718-22442017000200011&amp;rft.aulast=Urbina&amp;rft.aufirst=Mar%C3%ADa+Ximena&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4067%252FS0718-22442017000200011&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+31"></span></span>

The first <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huguenot" id="mwbg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Huguenot">Huguenots</a> set sail from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" id="mwbw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="France">France</a> to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_of_Good_Hope" id="mwcA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Cape of Good Hope">Cape of Good Hope</a>.

Empress <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_Russia" id="mwdA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Elizabeth I of Russia">Elizabeth I of Russia</a> issues her <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukase" id="mwdQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ukase">ukase</a> incorporating <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Prussia" id="mwdg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Russian Prussia">Königsberg into Russia</a>.

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Guinness" id="mweg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Arthur Guinness">Arthur Guinness</a> signs a 9,000-year lease at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling" id="mwew" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Pound sterling">£</a>45 per annum and starts brewing <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinness" id="mwfA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Guinness">Guinness</a>.

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" id="mwgA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Quebec_(1775)" id="mwgQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Battle of Quebec (1775)">Battle of Quebec</a>: British forces repulse an attack by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_Army" id="mwgg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> General <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Montgomery" id="mwgw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Richard Montgomery">Richard Montgomery</a>.

<i id="mwhw"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efimeris" id="mwiA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Efimeris">Efimeris</a></i>, the oldest Greek newspaper of which issues have survived till today, is published for the first time.

The incorporation of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore" id="mwjA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a> as a city.

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramercy_Park" id="mwkA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Gramercy Park">Gramercy Park</a> is deeded to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" id="mwkQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="New York City">New York City</a>.

The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" id="mwlQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> skipped this date in order to align the country with the rest of Asia, as the trading interest switched to China, Dutch East Indies and neighboring territories after Mexico gained independence from Spain on 27<span id="mwlg" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>September 1821. In the islands, Monday, 30<span id="mwlw" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>December 1844 was immediately followed by Wednesday, 1<span id="mwmA" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>January 1845.<sup about="#mwt58" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-9"}}' id="cite_ref-9" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_31#cite_note-9" id="mwmQ" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 9;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwmg">[9]</span></a></sup><sup about="#mwt62" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-10"}}' id="cite_ref-10" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_31#cite_note-10" id="mwmw" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 10;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwnA">[10]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-9"><cite about="#mwt55" class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFLaskow2015">Laskow, Sarah (December 30, 2015). <a class="external text" href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/in-1844-the-philippines-skipped-a-day-and-it-took-decades-for-the-rest-of-the-world-to-notice" id="mwB58" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"In 1844, the Philippines Skipped a Day, And It Took Decades for the Rest of the World to Notice"</a>. Atlas Obscura<span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwB6A">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwB6E">2023-04-19</span></span>.</cite><span about="#mwt55" class="Z3988" id="mwB6I" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=In+1844%2C+the+Philippines+Skipped+a+Day%2C+And+It+Took+Decades+for+the+Rest+of+the+World+to+Notice&amp;rft.pub=Atlas+Obscura&amp;rft.date=2015-12-30&amp;rft.aulast=Laskow&amp;rft.aufirst=Sarah&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlasobscura.com%2Farticles%2Fin-1844-the-philippines-skipped-a-day-and-it-took-decades-for-the-rest-of-the-world-to-notice&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+31"></span></span>

A dinner party is held inside a life-size model of an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguanodon" id="mwoA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Iguanodon">iguanodon</a> created by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Waterhouse_Hawkins" id="mwoQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins">Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins</a> and Sir <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Owen" id="mwog" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Richard Owen">Richard Owen</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_London" id="mwow" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="South London">south London</a>, England.

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Victoria" id="mwpw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> chooses <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottawa" id="mwqA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>, then a small <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logging" id="mwqQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Logging">logging</a> town, as the capital of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_of_Canada" id="mwqg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Province of Canada">Province of Canada</a>.

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War" id="mwrg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" id="mwrw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> signs an act that admits <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Virginia" id="mwsA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a> to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" id="mwsQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a>, thus dividing <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia" id="mwsg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> in two.<sup about="#mwt70" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-11"}}' id="cite_ref-11" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_31#cite_note-11" id="mwsw" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 11;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwtA">[11]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-11"><cite about="#mwt64" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFRiceBrown1993">Rice, Otis K.; Brown, Stephen Wayne (1993). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-GcC_XbfuUEC" id="mwB68" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow"><i id="mwB7A">West Virginia: A History</i></a>. Lexington, Ky.: University Press of Kentucky. pp.<span id="mwB7E" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>149–150. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwB7I" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwB7M" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/9780813118543" id="mwB7Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/9780813118543"><bdi id="mwB7U">9780813118543</bdi></a></cite><span about="#mwt64" class="Z3988" id="mwB7Y" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=West+Virginia%3A+A+History&amp;rft.place=Lexington%2C+Ky.&amp;rft.pages=149-150&amp;rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&amp;rft.date=1993&amp;rft.isbn=9780813118543&amp;rft.aulast=Rice&amp;rft.aufirst=Otis+K.&amp;rft.au=Brown%2C+Stephen+Wayne&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-GcC_XbfuUEC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+31"></span>; <link about="#mwt67" data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"},"body":{"extsrc":""},"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"cite journal ","href":"./Template:Cite_journal"},"params":{"last1":{"wt":"Kesavan"},"first1":{"wt":"Vasan"},"last2":{"wt":"Paulsen"},"first2":{"wt":"Michael Stokes"},"year":{"wt":"2002"},"title":{"wt":"Is West Virginia Unconstitutional?"},"journal":{"wt":"California Law Review"},"volume":{"wt":"90"},"issue":{"wt":"2"},"pages":{"wt":"319–325"},"doi":{"wt":"10.2307/3481282"},"jstor":{"wt":"3481282"},"url":{"wt":"http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/californialawreview/vol90/iss2/1/"}},"i":0}}]}' href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403" id="mwB7c" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion"/><cite about="#mwt67" class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFKesavanPaulsen2002">Kesavan, Vasan; Paulsen, Michael Stokes (2002). <a class="external text" href="http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/californialawreview/vol90/iss2/1/" id="mwB7g" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"Is West Virginia Unconstitutional?"</a>. <i id="mwB7k">California Law Review</i>. <b id="mwB7o">90</b> (2): 319–325. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./Doi_(identifier)" id="mwB7s" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3481282" id="mwB7w" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">10.2307/3481282</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./JSTOR_(identifier)" id="mwB70" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a><span id="mwB74" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3481282" id="mwB78" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">3481282</a>.</cite><span about="#mwt67" class="Z3988" id="mwB8A" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=California+Law+Review&amp;rft.atitle=Is+West+Virginia+Unconstitutional%3F&amp;rft.volume=90&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=319-325&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3481282&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3481282%23id-name%3DJSTOR&amp;rft.aulast=Kesavan&amp;rft.aufirst=Vasan&amp;rft.au=Paulsen%2C+Michael+Stokes&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscholarship.law.berkeley.edu%2Fcalifornialawreview%2Fvol90%2Fiss2%2F1%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+31"></span></span>

American Civil War: The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Stones_River" id="mwtw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Battle of Stones River">Battle of Stones River</a> begins near <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murfreesboro,_Tennessee" id="mwuA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Murfreesboro, Tennessee">Murfreesboro, Tennessee</a>.<sup about="#mwt75" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-12"}}' id="cite_ref-12" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_31#cite_note-12" id="mwuQ" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 12;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mwug">[12]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-12"><cite about="#mwt72" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFAnn_E._Holmes2015">Ann E. Holmes (9 March 2015). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iufHBgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA4" id="mwB8Q" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow"><i id="mwB8U">Diverse Excursions in the Southeast: Paleozoic to Present</i></a>. Geological Society of America. p.<span id="mwB8Y" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>4. <a class="mw-redirect" href="./ISBN_(identifier)" id="mwB8c" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a><span id="mwB8g" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span><a href="./Special:BookSources/978-0-8137-0039-7" id="mwB8k" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8137-0039-7"><bdi id="mwB8o">978-0-8137-0039-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span about="#mwt72" class="Z3988" id="mwB8s" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Diverse+Excursions+in+the+Southeast%3A+Paleozoic+to+Present&amp;rft.pages=4&amp;rft.pub=Geological+Society+of+America&amp;rft.date=2015-03-09&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8137-0039-7&amp;rft.au=Ann+E.+Holmes&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiufHBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA4&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+31"></span></span>

<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Benz" id="mwvg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Karl Benz">Karl Benz</a>, working in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannheim" id="mwvw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Empire" id="mwwA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="German Empire">Germany</a>, files for a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patent" id="mwwQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Patent">patent</a> on his first reliable <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-stroke_engine" id="mwwg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Two-stroke engine">two-stroke gas engine</a>. He was granted the patent in 1879.

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Edison" id="mwxg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a> demonstrates <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incandescent_light_bulb" id="mwxw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Incandescent light bulb">incandescent lighting</a> to the public for the first time, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menlo_Park,_New_Jersey" id="mwyA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Menlo Park, New Jersey">Menlo Park, New Jersey</a>.

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozaffar_ad-Din_Shah_Qajar" id="mwzg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar">Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar</a> signs the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_Constitution_of_1906" id="mwzw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Persian Constitution of 1906">Persian Constitution of 1906.</a><sup about="#mwt80" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-13"}}' id="cite_ref-13" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_31#cite_note-13" id="mw0A" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 13;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mw0Q">[13]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-13"><cite about="#mwt77" class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFGreat_Britain._Foreign_and_Commonwealth_Office1927">Great Britain. Foreign and Commonwealth Office (1927). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GNIMAQAAIAAJ" id="mwB88" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow"><i id="mwB9A">British and Foreign State Papers</i></a>. H.M. Stationery Office. p.<span id="mwB9E" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>75.</cite><span about="#mwt77" class="Z3988" id="mwB9I" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=British+and+Foreign+State+Papers&amp;rft.pages=75&amp;rft.pub=H.M.+Stationery+Office&amp;rft.date=1927&amp;rft.au=Great+Britain.+Foreign+and+Commonwealth+Office&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGNIMAQAAIAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+31"></span></span>

The first ever <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Times_Square_Ball" id="mw1Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Times Square Ball">ball drop</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Times_Square" id="mw1g" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Times Square">Times Square.</a><sup about="#mwt85" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-14"}}' id="cite_ref-14" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_31#cite_note-14" id="mw1w" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 14;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mw2A">[14]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-14"><cite about="#mwt82" class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFFeuer2009">Feuer, Alan (December 27, 2009). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/27/nyregion/27ball.html?ref=nyregion&amp;gwh=DFA1FDC3A94D96DE864D020AB6405314" id="mwB9Y" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"Deconstructed – Times Square Ball – Lots of Sparkle for a Swift Fall"</a>. <i id="mwB9c">The New York Times</i>. <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125103445/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/27/nyregion/27ball.html?ref=nyregion&amp;gwh=DFA1FDC3A94D96DE864D020AB6405314" id="mwB9g" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Archived</a> from the original on 25 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwB9k">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwB9o">January 15,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span about="#mwt82" class="Z3988" id="mwB9s" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Deconstructed+%E2%80%93+Times+Square+Ball+%E2%80%93+Lots+of+Sparkle+for+a+Swift+Fall&amp;rft.date=2009-12-27&amp;rft.aulast=Feuer&amp;rft.aufirst=Alan&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F12%2F27%2Fnyregion%2F27ball.html%3Fref%3Dnyregion%26gwh%3DDFA1FDC3A94D96DE864D020AB6405314&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+31"></span></span>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Essex_(CV-9)" id="mw3A" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="USS Essex (CV-9)">USS <i id="mw3Q">Essex</i></a>, first aircraft carrier of a 24-ship class, is <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship_commissioning" id="mw3g" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ship commissioning">commissioned.</a><sup about="#mwt90" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-15"}}' id="cite_ref-15" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_31#cite_note-15" id="mw3w" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 15;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mw4A">[15]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-15"><cite about="#mwt87" class="citation web cs1" id="mwB98"><a class="external text" href="https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/e/essex-iv.html" id="mwB-A" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"Essex IV (CV-9)"</a>. <i id="mwB-E">NHHC</i><span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwB-I">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwB-M">2020-12-26</span></span>.</cite><span about="#mwt87" class="Z3988" id="mwB-Q" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=NHHC&amp;rft.atitle=Essex+IV+%28CV-9%29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.navy.mil%2Fcontent%2Fhistory%2Fnhhc%2Fresearch%2Fhistories%2Fship-histories%2Fdanfs%2Fe%2Fessex-iv.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+31"></span></span>

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" id="mw4w" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="World War II">World War II</a>: The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Navy" id="mw5A" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> defeats the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriegsmarine" id="mw5Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Kriegsmarine">Kriegsmarine</a> at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Barents_Sea" id="mw5g" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Battle of the Barents Sea">Battle of the Barents Sea</a>. This leads to the resignation of <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Admiral" id="mw5w" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Grand Admiral">Grand Admiral</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Raeder" id="mw6A" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Erich Raeder">Erich Raeder</a> a month later.<sup about="#mwt95" class="mw-ref reference" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-16"}}' id="cite_ref-16" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref"><a href="./December_31#cite_note-16" id="mw6Q" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 16;"><span class="mw-reflink-text" id="mw6g">[16]</span></a></sup>

<span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-16"><cite about="#mwt92" class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFKappes">Kappes, Irwin. <a class="external text" href="https://www.german-navy.de/kriegsmarine/articles/feature5.html" id="mwB-g" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"The Battle of the Barents Sea"</a>. <i id="mwB-k">www.german-navy.de</i>. <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211006170208/https://www.german-navy.de/kriegsmarine/articles/feature5.html" id="mwB-o" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-10-06<span class="reference-accessdate" id="mwB-s">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" id="mwB-w">2021-12-31</span></span>.</cite><span about="#mwt92" class="Z3988" id="mwB-0" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.german-navy.de&amp;rft.atitle=The+Battle+of+the+Barents+Sea&amp;rft.aulast=Kappes&amp;rft.aufirst=Irwin&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.german-navy.de%2Fkriegsmarine%2Farticles%2Ffeature5.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADecember+31"></span></span>

World War II: <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Nordwind" id="mw7g" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Operation Nordwind">Operation Nordwind</a>, the last major <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wehrmacht" id="mw7w" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> offensive on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_II)" id="mw8A" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Western Front (World War II)">Western Front</a>, begins.

President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" id="mw9A" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> officially proclaims the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proclamation_2714" id="mw9Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Proclamation 2714">end of hostilities</a> in World War II.

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War" id="mw-Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>: The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Plan" id="mw-g" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a> expires after distributing more than US$13.3 billion in foreign aid to rebuild <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Europe" id="mw-w" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a>.

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" id="mw_w" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="General Motors">General Motors</a> becomes the first U.S. corporation to make over US$1 billion in a year.

The <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_Television" id="mwAQM" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Romanian Television">Romanian Television</a> network begins its first broadcast in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucharest" id="mwAQQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>.

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RTÉ" id="mwAQg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="RTÉ">RTÉ</a>, Ireland's state broadcaster, launches its first national television service.

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland" id="mwAQw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland">The Central African Federation</a> officially collapses, subsequently becoming <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambia" id="mwAQ0" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Zambia">Zambia</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi" id="mwAQ4" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Malawi">Malawi</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodesia" id="mwAQ8" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a>.

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Bédel_Bokassa" id="mwARM" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Jean-Bédel Bokassa">Jean-Bédel Bokassa</a>, leader of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_African_Republic" id="mwARQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a> army, and his military officers <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Sylvestre_coup_d'état" id="mwARU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Saint-Sylvestre coup d'état">begin a coup d'état</a> against the government of <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Central_African_Republic_and_Central_African_Empire" id="mwARY" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="List of heads of state of the Central African Republic and Central African Empire">President</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Dacko" id="mwARc" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="David Dacko">David Dacko</a>.