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John Frederick Bond 17 December 1932 25 September 2012 was an English professional football player and manager. He played from 1950 until 1966 for West Ham United, making 444 appearances in all competitions and scoring 37 goals. He was a member of the West Ham side which won the 195758 Second Division and the 1964 FA Cup. He also played for Torquay United until 1969. He managed seven different Football League clubs, and was the manager of the Norwich City side which made the 1975 Football League Cup Final and the Manchester City side which made the 1981 FA Cup Final. He is the father of Kevin Bond, a former footballer and coach.
Playing career
Bond was born in Dedham, Essex. He played for North-East Essex Schools and Essex Army cadets before joining West Ham United in March 1950 from Colchester Casuals, his league debut coming two seasons later in a 21 away win against Coventry City. Bond had been spotted playing by West Ham assistant-manager Ted Fenton when he was manager with Colchester United. He had convinced manager Charlie Paynter to offer Bond a contract and Bond turned professional in March 1950. His ability as a goal-scoring right-back soon resulted in him gaining a regular place in the Hammers side, his partnership with Noel Cantwell proving particularly useful. As West Ham won the Second Division title in 195758, Bond missed only one game, and scored eight goals. At this time he was also selected for the England 'A' side. A popular favourite of the fans at Upton Park, he was usually referred to as 'Muffin' because of his ability to kick like a mule. In 1959, he was tried as a centre forward, scoring twice in one game against Bolton Wanderers and a hat-trick against Chelsea in February 1960.
By 1963, Bond was in competition for the right-back position with Joe Kirkup, but was picked for the 1964 FA Cup Final win at Wembley towards the end of his Upton Park career, but missed out on the European Cup Winners' Cup Final victory the following season, despite playing four times in the earlier rounds of the competition. He played his final match for the club on 17 April 1965, a 10 away defeat to Leicester City. He played 381 league games for the Hammers, in which he scored 32 times. In January 1966, Bond left to join Torquay United, then managed by his former West Ham teammate Frank O'Farrell, on a free transfer. He was awarded a testimonial at West Ham in May 1966, but was unable to play due to a groin injury.
He played 130 league games for the Gulls, scoring 12 goals, and helped Torquay to promotion at the end of his first season. He retired in 1969, having already opened a sweet shop Bondy's Tuck Shop in the Torre area of Torquay.
Coaching and managerial career
Bond's coaching career began when he joined the staff at Gillingham having been turned down on applying for the manager's job at Torquay United, and in May 1970 he replaced Freddie Cox as manager of Bournemouth, who were then known by their original and still official name of Bournemouth and Boscombe Athletic. He is usually credited with the change of club name to its current name of A.F.C. Bournemouth. Bond led the club to promotion as Fourth Division runners-up at the end of his first season, and almost to promotion again the following season, as Bournemouth finished third in the Third Division. His son Kevin has also managed Bournemouth.
Norwich City
His successes at Bournemouth led to him being appointed Norwich City manager in November 1973, replacing Ron Saunders. This followed a period of negotiations between the two clubs, Norwich eventually paying £10,000 in compensation for the acquisition of Bond and his chief coach Ken Brown. Bond continued his successes at Norwich, signing players such as Martin Peters, Ted MacDougall and Phil Boyer.
The end of the 197374 season saw Norwich relegated in last place, but the following season he guided them back to the top flight at the first attempt, and also to the League Cup Final, which they lost 10 to Aston Villa at Wembley. He then managed to keep Norwich in the top flight, despite the financial constraints he was under, until resigning to manage Manchester City in October 1980, taking his assistants John Benson and John Sainty with him.
Manchester City
City had made a very poor start to the 198081 season when he took over, costing Malcolm Allison his job. Bond galvanised the side by signing experienced reinforcements to complement promising youngsters at the club, oversaw an upturn in results which saw City finish in a more respectable mid-table position, whilst the following season saw a 10th-place finish and was highlighted by a 31 win over Liverpool at Anfield.
The end of his first season in charge at Maine Road saw Bond lead City out at Wembley for the FA Cup Final against Tottenham Hotspur, a game they lost 32, made famous by Ricky Villa's goal the game also featured a volley by City's Steve MacKenzie. Bond resigned from City in February 1983, with the side ninth in the table. Thereafter, under John Benson, City plummeted towards the relegation zone and were relegated on the final day.
During their FA Cup run, Bond guided Manchester City to a 60 win over former club Norwich City at Maine Road in the fourth round. At the end of this thrilling game, Bond jumped from an upper tier of the stand into the players' tunnel, in order that he could offer his commiserations to son Kevin, who was playing for Norwich. An act which Danny Baker describes as attempted a little James Bond in the Match of the Eighties nostalgia TV show 16 years later.
Burnley and beyond
In June 1983, Bond took over at Burnley, newly relegated to Division Three and with high expectations of going straight back up. He brought in some of his previous players from Manchester City, selling players such as Trevor Steven, Lee Dixon and Brian Laws, the previous season's player of the year, who were all destined for greater things. He was not well liked amongst the fans and left in August 1984 after Burnley had finished 12th.
In December 1984 he was appointed manager of Swansea City who were struggling to avoid being relegated from the First to Fourth Divisions in successive seasons. He immediately released some of the younger players most notably Dean Saunders to bring in some older heads. They ended the season just one place clear of relegation, but the following season started badly and with the Swans on the brink of bankruptcy, Bond left on 20 December 1985 and Swansea were relegated at the end of the season to complete their demise since the John Toshack era.
On 22 January 1986, Bond was appointed manager of Birmingham City and failed to prevent their relegation from Division One, seven consecutive defeats at the end of the season sealing their fate. The following season, Birmingham struggled again, eventually finishing just one place away from relegation to Division Three. This was not good enough for the Birmingham board and Bond was sacked on 27 May 1987.
He was appointed assistant manager to Asa Hartford at Shrewsbury Town in January 1990, and a year later, in January 1991, was appointed manager after Hartford's dismissal. At the end of the 199091 season, Shrewsbury narrowly avoided relegation from the Third Division, but the following season, Bond failed to keep them up, and Shrewsbury were relegated back to the bottom flight by now renamed Division Three by the Premier League shake-up. When Shrewsbury went to Burnley Bond was advised by the police not to attend. The following season saw Shrewsbury finish ninth, and at the end of July 1993, Bond resigned, along with the Shrewsbury chairman.
Managerial statistics
After management
He then worked as a football commentator for BBC Radio Five Live, before returning to coaching, assisting his son Kevin who was manager at Stafford Rangers, mainly in a scouting capacity. In November 1998, Bond was appointed manager at Witton Albion, who were struggling in the Northern Premier League First Division, but eventually finished in a healthy eighth place. In September 1999, Bond, by now nearing his 67th birthday, was brought out of retirement by Wigan Athletic manager John Benson to assist with coaching and scouting in a consultancy position. He left Wigan after less than 12 months following Benson's move to the role of director of football.
In November 2009, he appeared on the Sky Sports programme Time of Our Lives, where he, along with Ken Brown, Ronnie Boyce and presenter Jeff Stelling looked back on their era at West Ham. This programme was repeated on the day after his death in memory of him.
Bond died on 25 September 2012 aged 79.
References
General
Specific
Category:1932 births
Category:2012 deaths
Category:People from Dedham, Essex
Category:English footballers
Category:Association football defenders
Category:West Ham United F.C. players
Category:Torquay United F.C. players
Category:English Football League players
Category:English football managers
Category:A.F.C. Bournemouth managers
Category:Norwich City F.C. managers
Category:Manchester City F.C. managers
Category:Burnley F.C. managers
Category:Swansea City A.F.C. managers
Category:Birmingham City F.C. managers
Category:Shrewsbury Town F.C. managers
Category:Witton Albion F.C. managers
Category:English Football League managers
Category:BBC sports presenters and reporters
Category:English association football commentators
Category:London XI players
Category:English Football League representative players
Category:Association football coaches
Category:Association football scouts |
Martti Sakari Vainio born 30 December 1950 is a Finnish former long-distance runner. In Finland he is recognized as the last of the great runners of the famous V-line, the previous ones being Juha Väätäinen, Lasse Virén, and Pekka Vasala. Each of them won at least one gold medal either at the Summer Olympics or the European Athletics Championships in the 1970s. Vainio's accomplishments are tarnished though, for testing positive for PEDs on at least two occasions. One of those events was the 1984 Olympic Games where he was disqualified and stripped of his medal and later suspended from sport.
His achievements in major athletic championships include gold in the 10,000 metres race 1978 European Championships in Athletics in Prague and bronze in the same distance at the 1982 European Championships in Athletics in Athens. At the 1983 World Championships in Athletics he dropped to fourth place in the 10,000 metres race, but claimed the bronze in the 5000 metres in a close finish decided by a lunge over the finish line.
Career
Early career 197277
Martti Vainio started systematic training at the age of 20 in the autumn of 1971 with his coach Aulis Potinkara. He received his first national championships medal in 1974 when he finished third in 5000 metres after Seppo Tuominen and Rune Holmén. In the same year he ran his first 10,000 m race with the result 29:09.6. He broke the 29-minutes barrier for the first time in 1976. The same year he was second at the Finnish Championships in Athletics in 10,000 metres after Pekka Päivärinta and was selected to his first Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. However, he did not qualify for the 10,000 metres final, finishing as the second fastest runner to be eliminated from the final. He won his first Finnish Championship in 1977 when he beat Kaarlo Maaninka by 0.9 seconds in 10,000 metres.
Years of success 197882
Vainio used strategy in the 1978 European Championships 10,000 metres race, spending most of the race drifting off the lead pack until the 8,500-metre mark. Due to the fast and steady pace, the other runners some of them presumably better kickers than Vainio had exhausted themselves, and Vainio only needed to sprint the last lap in 58.4 seconds to win the race. Especially notable was Brendan Foster falling from the lead to fourth place in the last 130 metres. His winning time 27:30.99 improved his personal best by 28.7 seconds. Later at the same championships Vainio was sixth in the 5,000 metres race. At the Track & Field News annual world ranking Vainio was second in 10,000 metres after world record breaker Henry Rono, and tenth in 5000 metres.
Because of his international breakthrough, Vainio was one of the potential gold medal candidates prior to the 1980 Summer Olympics. Vainio was also known for his tough training programs, and during the winter 1980 he ran over 300 kilometres per week during his four-month-long training camp in New Zealand. Later believing he had overtrained and suffered some unspecified stomach problems, Vainio did not succeed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, finishing 13th in the 10,000 metres final and 11th in the 5,000 metres final.
Despite the disappointment of the Olympics, Vainio returned to the top of the world in 1981 in the 10,000 metres. He won the Bislett Games in Oslo in 27:45.50 and represented Europe at the 1981 IAAF World Cup in Rome, finishing fifth running a 27:48.62. At the Track & Field News annual world ranking he was fourth after Werner Schildhauer, Geoff Smith, and Mohamed Kedir.
In the following year 1982, Vainio succeeded again at the European Championships in Athens, where he won a bronze medal behind Alberto Cova and Werner Schildhauer in 10,000 metres running a 27:42.51. He competed in 5,000 metres as well and finished 8th. At the Track & Field News annual world ranking, Vainio end of year raking was seventh in 10,000 metres.
World Championships in Helsinki 1983
After the 1982 season, collaboration between Vainio and coach Potinkara ended amicably and Vainio started to train by himself. However, certain people started to influence his training; among them was Jouko Elevaara, known as the coach of Kaarlo Maaninka. Vainio has stated that he started to use hormones in the autumn of 1982 to avoid the detrimental effects of overtraining in his preparation for the first World Championships in Helsinki, the capital of his home country, Finland. According to Vainio, the first hormone ampullas were obtained from Palermo in the autumn of 1982.
The 10,000 metres final was held on the third day of the Helsinki Championships. It was a slow race which was decided in the last lap. Vainio finished fourth with the time 28:01.37, missing the gold medal by only 0.33 seconds and bronze by 0.11 seconds. The home audience was very impressed with his achievement, since they knew slow-paced races were not his best strategicly. The gold medal was won again by Alberto Cova.
The 5000 metres final was held on the final day of the Championships. Vainio delighted the Finnish audience with a bronze medal. The tight race again culminated in the final metres with Eamonn Coghlan as the overwhelming champion. As in the 10,000 metres race, Werner Schildhauer took the silver, beating Vainio by 0.14 seconds. Vainio won his bronze medal in an extraordinary way; he flung himself in the last 5 metres and fell flat on his face. As a result, he beat Dmitri Dmitriyev, who was fourth, by 0.04 seconds. Vainio considers this race to be the most sentimental event in his career.
After the Championships, Vainio competed in Weltklasse Zürich and finished fourth in 5000 metres with his personal best 13:20.07. At the Track & Field News annual world ranking, Vainio was fourth in 5000 metres and seventh in 10,000 metres.
Doping case at the Olympics 1984
In 1984, Vainio started his season by finishing third at the Rotterdam Marathon with a personal record of 2:13:04. After the race he was drug tested organized by the Finnish Athletics Association. The test did not have official status and was merely considered to be a control test to help Finnish athletes avoid getting caught testing positive for doping in international championships. Therefore, only an A-sample was taken and not a B-sample, which is only used to confirm if a positive result came from the A-sample. Vainio's A-sample tested positive for anabolic steroids with no B-sample to confirm it. So the head coach of the Finnish Athletics Federation, Antti Lanamäki, delegated Timo Vuorimaa, the head coach of long-distance runners, to inform Vainio about the test result. Vuorimaa informed Vainio only by mentioning that there was something strange in his test sample, not providing detailed information about the substance. Vainio believed that he had only been using testosterone and not anabolic steroids at all. Therefore, he decided in the future to stop administering the drug earlier so it would be out of his system prior to anticipated tests.
In June 1984, he competed five times in the 5000 metres, the weakest result being 13:30.40, and once in 10,000 metres with his second best PR result 27:41.75. At the Bislett Games on 28 June, he broke Lasse Virén's Finnish record in 5000 metres and finished second after Fernando Mamede with a time of 13:16.02. In July, he competed only three times; twice in the Finnish Championships on 68 July in Kajaani, where he took the gold medals in both the 5000 13:24.99 and 10,000 metres 28:06.85, and the third time improving his 3000 metres record to 7:44.42 in Varkaus on 12 July. According to a Vainio interview in 2004, he took his next injection after the Rotterdam Marathon around 10 July, and was sure that this time period would be long enough to allow metabolism to take its effect and ensure a negative test at the Olympics.
10,000 metres final was run on 6 August. Vainio took the lead after 5700 metres and only Alberto Cova was able to follow him. When the final lap started, these two runners were well over 100 metres ahead of the other runners. This time, hovewer, Vainio was not able to challenge Cova, who took the gold with the time 27:47.54. Vainio won silver with the time 27:51.10. Mike McLeod was third with a time of 28:06.22. Vainio also qualified for the 5000 metres final, but was disqualified after testing positive for Metenolone following the 10,000 metres final. His cheating caused him to be stripped of his medal and a lifetime ban.
Vainio's positive test result was a big scandal and provoked public indignation. Although Vainio's positive doping test after the Rotterdam Marathon was unofficial because of the missing B-sample, the failed drug test at the Olympics forced Finnish Athletics Association to disqualify all of Vainio's results after Rotterdam in 1984 and to discharge Antti Lanamäki from his duties. Vainio himself did not want to provide detailed information about the incident because he, himself was still investigating the reasons for the positive test result. Finnish mass media demanded an explanation, and one story released to the public alleged that Vainio's training partner, janitor Alpo Nyrönen, had given Vainio a hormone injection by accident, instead of the intended Vitamin B injection. Vainio himself released the explanation about the confusion between anabolic steroids and testosterone only several years after the incident.
There is still some speculation and controversy around the Olympics 10,000 metres race. Alberto Cova has confessed the use of blood transfusion in his career and therefore Mike McLeod, originally third at the finish line, claims he should be awarded the gold medal. However, Vainio considers himself to be the second best runner in the 10,000 metres race until the end of his life despite his failed drug tests.
Although the Finnish Athletics Association disqualified all of Vainio's results from the summer of 1984, he was still internationally recognized. At the Track & Field News annual world ranking, he was fourth in 10,000 metres and eighth in 5000 metres.
Return to the track, 198688
Initially, Vainio received a lifelong ban from competitive athletics, but after the Finnish Athletics Association made a plea for a reprieve, it was shortened to 18 months. In 1986, Vainio returned to the track and ran 10,000 metres at the Bislett Games in 27:44.57. At the European Championships, he placed seventh in the 10,000 metres final with a time 28:08.72 and sixth in the 5000 metres final with the time 13:22.67. At the Track and Field News annual world ranking, Vainio was sixth in 10,000 metres.
In 1987 Vainio concentrated on 10,000 metres and ran 27:42.65 in Helsinki on 2 July. The World Championships 10,000 metres race ended in a farce. The first half of the race was slow, 5000 metres lap time being only 14:13.07. At 5800 metres, Paul Kipkoech changed pace and left other runners behind. Francesco Panetta, Salvatore Antibo and Vainio started their pursuit a little bit later and were not able to properly challenge Kipkoech. Subsequently, Kipkoech was far ahead of the other runners and the officials decremented the lap table, which displays the remaining laps for the runners, immediately after Kipkoech passed the finish line after each round. As a result, Vainio and some other runners became confused about the remaining laps, started their sprint 400 metres too early and finished the race after 9600 metres. Some runners continued the race after their first finish, but Vainio was too tired to realize the situation. Vainio also competed in the Marathon but did not finish. At the Track & Field News annual world ranking, Vainio was recognized as the seventh best runner in 10,000 metres.
In 1988 Vainio ran 10,000 metres in 28:02.04 at the Bislett Games, but that was not enough to convince the Finnish Olympic Committee, and he was not picked for the Olympics team.
Masters World Records 1991
Vainio returned to the track once again in 1991. He ran the age group M40 Masters world record in 3000 meters 8:05.08 in Mikkeli on 12 June. Later, he also improved the 10,000 metres world record 28:30.88 at the Fanny Blankers-Koen Games in Hengelo on 25 June. At the World Masters Athletics Championships in Turku, he won the M40 10,000 metres with the result 29:16.88.
Trivia
During his career 197491 Vainio competed 80 times in 10,000 metres. He ran 68 times below the 29-minute barrier, 24 times below 28:10, and 10 times below 28 minutes.
Vainio's winning time at the 1978 European Championships in Prague 27:30.99 is still the Finnish record and European Championship record.
Vainio's 10,000 metres time 28:30.58 in 1991 is still the World record of the age group M40.
Vainio achieved five Finnish Championships in 5000 metres 1978, 1980, 1981, 1982, and 1987 and eight in 10,000 metres 1977, 1978, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1986, and 1987. He won the Finnish Championship in cross country running four times in 1981, 1983, 1986 and 1987.
After his sports career, Martti Vainio has worked in the travel industry.
See also
Use of performance-enhancing drugs in the Olympic Games
List of doping cases in sport
References
External links
Tilastopaja profile for Martti Vainio in Finnish
Track & Field News Men's World Rankings, 19472002
Category:1950 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Hamina
Category:Finnish male long-distance runners
Category:Finnish sportspeople in doping cases
Category:Athletes track and field at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Category:Athletes track and field at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Category:Athletes track and field at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Category:Olympic athletes of Finland
Category:Doping cases in athletics
Category:Competitors stripped of Summer Olympics medals
Category:World Athletics Championships medalists
Category:World record holders in masters athletics
Category:European Athletics Championships medalists
Category:European champions for Finland
Category:Finnish masters athletes |
Christopher Paul LiPuma born March 23, 1971 is a former professional ice hockey defenseman.
Biography
LiPuma was born in Chicago, Illinois. As a youth, he played in the 1984 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with the Chicago Young Americans minor ice hockey team.
LiPuma played 72 games in the National Hockey League: 64 with the Tampa Bay Lightning and eight with the San Jose Sharks.
He is also well known for his play in the International Hockey League.
Career statistics
References
External links
Category:1971 births
Category:American men's ice hockey defensemen
Category:Atlanta Knights players
Category:Baton Rouge Kingfish players
Category:Chicago Wolves IHL players
Category:Ice hockey people from Illinois
Category:Kentucky Thoroughblades players
Category:Kitchener Rangers players
Category:Living people
Category:Nashville Knights players
Category:Orlando Seals ACHL players
Category:Orlando Seals WHA2 players
Category:Orlando Solar Bears IHL players
Category:Sportspeople from Chicago
Category:San Antonio Dragons players
Category:San Jose Sharks players
Category:Tampa Bay Lightning players
Category:Undrafted National Hockey League players |
The Knuckey Peaks are a group of isolated peaks southeast of the McLeod Nunataks and west of the Doggers Nunataks in Enderby Land, Antarctica. The peaks were discovered and positioned in December 1958 by an Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions dog-sledge party, and were named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia for Graham A. Knuckey, a surveyor at Mawson Station in 1958 and a member of the dog-sledge party.
References
Category:Mountains of Enderby Land |
Niesłuchowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bodzanów, within Płock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately west of Bodzanów, south-east of Płock, and north-west of Warsaw.
References
Category:Villages in Płock County |
Seurre is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.
This commune lies at the crossroad of routes to Dijon, Chalon-sur-Saône, Dole, Beaune, and Louhans.
Population
See also
Communes of the Côte-d'Or department
References
INSEE
External links
Non official site of Seurre
Category:Communes of Côte-d'Or
Category:Burgundy |
Ramón Salvador Cabrera born November 5, 1989 is a Venezuelan professional baseball catcher for the Long Island Ducks of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. He has played in Major League Baseball MLB for the Cincinnati Reds in 2015 and 2016.
Career
Pittsburgh Pirates
On June 23, 2009, Cabrera signed as an undrafted free agent. He was invited to the 2012 spring training with the Pirates In November 2012, the Pittsburgh Pirates added Cabrera to the 40-man roster to protect him from the Rule 5 Draft.
Detroit Tigers
On December 5, 2012, Cabrera was traded to the Detroit Tigers in exchange for Andy Oliver.
Pittsburgh Pirates second stint
He was claimed off waivers by the Pirates on August 13, 2014. The Pirates designated Cabrera on November 20, 2014, and released him on November 24.
Cincinnati Reds
On December 9, 2014, Cabrera signed a minor league deal with the Cincinnati Reds. He played for the Louisville Bats of the Class AAA International League. The Reds promoted Cabrera to the major leagues on September 1, 2015. He made his major league debut on September 5. On November 28, 2016, Cabrera was designated for assignment. He was non-tendered on December 2.
Miami Marlins
On January 12, 2017, Cabrera signed a minor league contract with the Miami Marlins that included an invitation to spring training. He elected free agency on November 6, 2017.
Long Island Ducks
On May 14, 2018, Cabrera signed with the Long Island Ducks of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. He re-signed with the Ducks for the 2019 season, and became a free agent following the season. Cabrera re-signed with the Ducks for the 2020 season on January 27, 2020.
See also
List of Major League Baseball players from Venezuela
References
External links
Category:Living people
Category:1989 births
Category:Altoona Curve players
Category:Bradenton Marauders players
Category:Cincinnati Reds players
Category:New Orleans Baby Cakes players
Category:Sportspeople from Caracas
Category:Toledo Mud Hens players
Category:Venezuelan expatriate baseball players in the United States
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Category:Venezuelan Summer League Pirates players
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Category:Major League Baseball players from Venezuela |
Nenunnanu I Am There is a 2004 Telugu film produced by D.Sivaprasad Reddy on Kamakshi Movies banner, directed by V. N. Aditya. Starring Nagarjuna Akkineni, Arti Agarwal and Shriya Saran in the lead roles with Subbaraju and Mukesh Rishi in supporting roles and music by M. M. Keeravani was a big asset to the film. This movie was then dubbed in Tamil as Chandramadhi and in Hindi as Vishwa - The He-Man. The film recorded as Super Hit at the box-office.
Plot
Venu Nagarjuna Akkineni is an orphan and a contractor at Vizag port. Anu Shriya Saran is a student in classical singing. Sruthi Arti Agarwal is Anu's friend. Anu makes an attempt to elope with her boyfriend Arun Subbaraju. Arun is the son of business tycoon JP Mukesh Rishi. JP sends police across to nab Anu. As police nab Arun, Venu rescues Anu. Anu's father disassociates himself from his daughter. Then Venu takes Anu to his place and gives assurance. Venu finds out where Arun is and gets Anu married to him. JP tells his son that Venu and Anu have an affair as they live together in the same house. Arun gets suspicious about Anu's character and leaves the marriage venue immediately after the marriage. Anu is back in Venu's place. Venu is in the mission of locating Arun and convince him to come back to Anu. As Anu and Venu spend more time together, they get closer. Venu never takes advantage of it and treats Anu like a good friend. Anu pines for Arun but comes to know that Arun will marry the Minister's daughter. Venu goes to the engagement venue and tries to stop Arun from getting engaged. Anu comes and slaps Arun, saying that their marriage is over. She goes for a singing competition with Venu accompanying her. She wins the competition as well as her father's love. Arun, meanwhile tries to kill Venu but accidentally gets an electric shock. He gets paralysed for life. JP seeks revenge. Sruthi falls for Venu. Anu goes back to her father's house and now, being unmarried, thinks over her relationship with Venu. She realises that she loves Venu. Venu, too, reveals among his friends that he loves Anu, but will never tell her. Sruthi overhears both Anu and Venu's feelings and decides to sacrifice her love for Venu. Her parents decide to get her married to Venu. Sruthi refuses to marry Venu and tells them everything. Sruthi's mother gets angry and asks Anu to arrange her daughter's and Venu's wedding. Anu gets heartbroken but thinks that it's better for everyone. Sruthi goes to Venu and tells him that Anu, too, loves him. Anu is kidnapped by JP and his goons.
Venu goes to save Anu. After a big fight, he is able to defeat JP and save Anu, but Anu is stabbed. Sruthi comes and she takes Anu to the hospital. Venu comes to the hospital later. Anu asks the doctors to allow her to meet Venu before treating her. Anu and Venu confess their love for each other. Anu is successfully operated upon and finally united with Venu, with everyone's, including Sruthi's mother's, wishes.
Cast
Soundtrack
The music was composed by M. M. Keeravani. All songs Were blockbusters. Music Was released on ADITYA Music Company. Especially the song E Shwasalo sung by Chithra was a huge hit and was a big part in helping the success of the film. This song remains as one of best songs in Chithra's Career.
Box-office performance
The film collected 22.7 crores and had a 50-day run in 125 centres and a 100-day run in 42 centres. It was one of the highest grossers in Nagarjuna's career while major business was from A centers
References
External links
Category:Telugu-language films
Category:Indian films
Category:2004 films
Category:Films scored by M. M. Keeravani
Category:Indian romance films
Category:Films featuring an item number
Category:2000s Telugu-language films |
Mediavia ildefonsa is a species of snout moth in the genus Mediavia. It was described by Schaus in 1922. It is found in Guatemala.
References
Category:Moths described in 1922
Category:Epipaschiinae |
Roberto Ivan Fergonzi born March 11, 1983 in Buenos Aires, Argentina is an Argentine professional footballer. Fergonzi began playing football in the youth academy of local side River Plate. He played for professional clubs in Argentina, Ecuador, Indonesia, Singapore, Uruguay and Bolivia
Teams
2002-2003: Defensores de Belgrano
2004: Juventud Alianza
2004: Club Atletico Villa Atuel
2005: Club Atletico Acassuso
2006: Persiba Balikpapan
2007: Durazno FC
2008: Manta FC
2008: Deportivo Azogues
2009: Imbabura S.C.
2010: Club Real Potosí
2011: Geylang International FC
2013- Sport Club Corinthians USA
Gallery
References
External links
Category:1983 births
Category:Argentine footballers
Category:Living people
Category:Club Real Potosí players
Category:Association footballers not categorized by position |
Megachile macleayi is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1907.
References
Macleayi
Category:Insects described in 1907 |
Political Scrapbook was a left wing political blog. The site was described as influential by The Independent and was viewed, along with outlets such as Left Foot Forward, as part of a cohort of British left-wing blogs which attracted significant interest from the media. The site was likened to Paul Staines' anti-establishment Guido Fawkes blog, although Staines has claimed It's hard to create a leftwing version of me because of political correctness. In 2011 the site was ranked by Wikio as the 7th most influential political blog in the UK and was voted as Total Politics' 2nd best left-wing blog in 2011.
Political Scrapbook was edited by Laurence Durnan, who stated he set the site up to make life difficult for the right.
In April 2018, the website suddenly announced that The Scrapbook team are currently taking a break from the site to work on a number of other exciting projects, which remained unspecified.
They also stated Apologies in advance for the lack of posts. Keep an eye on our Twitter for further updates in due course. Their Twitter site has not received an update since the same day.
See also
ConservativeHome
The Canary political blog
References
External links
Political Scrapbook
Political Scrapbook on Twitter
Category:2009 establishments in the United Kingdom
Category:British political blogs
Category:Internet properties established in 2009
Category:Left-wing politics in the United Kingdom |
Ricardo Gallego Redondo born 8 February 1959 in Madrid is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a defensive midfielder.
Most of his professional career was associated to Real Madrid, for which he appeared in more than 300 official games in nearly ten years, winning a total of ten major titles.
Gallego gained almost 45 caps for Spain, representing the nation in two World Cups and as many European Championships.
Club career
A product of La Liga powerhouse Real Madrid's youth system, Gallego made a quick impression with the first team, appearing in 26 matches in his debut year and being a midfield mainstay during the subsequent seasons as he totalled 250 first division matches with the conquest of, among others, four leagues, two Spanish cups and back-to-back UEFA Cups 198586; blessed with physical and technical ability alike, he could operate with equal efficiency as sweeper.
In the 198687 campaign, Gallego contributed with 37 games and two goals more than 3,000 minutes of play as Real Madrid won the national championship, also reaching the semifinals of the domestic cup. On 15 March 1987, however, he unluckily landed on Miguel de Andrés' knee, and the Athletic Bilbao player ended his career after that game, a 21 win at the San Mamés Stadium.
After a brief spell with Italy's Udinese Calcio, Gallego returned to Spain and Madrid, playing two seasons with Rayo Vallecano in the second division and contributing with 31 matches in his second and last, for an eventual promotion. Retiring at 33, he then worked with his last club in directorial capacities.
International career
Gallego played 42 times for Spain, his debut coming in a preparation match for the impending FIFA World Cup on home soil, a 24 February 1982 win with Scotland: after replacing FC Barcelona's Víctor Muñoz in the second half, he closed the score at 30.
After being used only once during that World Cup, Gallego turned into an essential defensive element in the following two competitions: UEFA Euro 1984 a runner-up finish and the 1986 FIFA World Cup, retiring from international play after Euro 88. In mid-August 2011 he reunited with former Spain and Real Madrid teammate José Antonio Camacho, acting as his assistant in the China national team.
International goals
Honours
Real Madrid
La Liga: 198586, 198687, 198788, 198889
Copa del Rey: 198182, 198889
Supercopa de España: 1988
Copa de la Liga: 1985
UEFA Cup: 198485, 198586
Castilla
Copa del Rey: Runner-up 197980
References
External links
Biography at Real Madrid Fans
Category:1959 births
Category:Living people
Category:Sportspeople from Madrid
Category:Spanish footballers
Category:Madrilenian footballers
Category:Association football midfielders
Category:La Liga players
Category:Segunda División players
Category:Real Madrid Castilla footballers
Category:Real Madrid CF players
Category:Rayo Vallecano players
Category:Serie A players
Category:Udinese Calcio players
Category:Spain youth international footballers
Category:Spain under-21 international footballers
Category:Spain B international footballers
Category:Spain international footballers
Category:1982 FIFA World Cup players
Category:UEFA Euro 1984 players
Category:1986 FIFA World Cup players
Category:UEFA Euro 1988 players
Category:Spanish expatriate footballers
Category:Expatriate footballers in Italy
Category:UEFA Cup winning players |
Grevillea monticola, commonly known as the holly leaf grevillea, is a shrub of the genus Grevillea native to a small area in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia.<ref name=FB>{{FloraBase|name=Grevillea monticola|id=2042}}</ref>
The evergreen spreading to erect shrub typically grows to a height of and has non-glaucous branchlets. It has simple flat undissected leaves with a blade that is in length and wide. It blooms from June to October and produces a terminal raceme irregular inflorescence with white or cream flowers. Later it forms rugose ellipsoidal or ovoid glabrous fruit that is long.G. monticola'' regenerates from seed only.
It is found in the Darling Range east of Perth between Pingelly, Beverley and Wandering. It is found in woodland areas with Jarrah and Wandoo and can grow in sandy or loamy soils overlaterite, granite and ironstone.
See also
List of Grevillea species
References
monticola
Category:Endemic flora of Western Australia
Category:Eudicots of Western Australia
Category:Proteales of Australia
Category:Taxa named by Carl Meissner |
Mallavoodoo is a Brazilian instrumental music group formed by Thales Silveira bass, Alexandre Bicudo guitar, Mário Lobo keyboards and saxophone and Misael Barros drums.
History
In 1983 in the United States Silveira and Lobo met as students at Boston's Berklee College of Music. They returned to Recife in 1987 to perform in the city's nightclubs and play with various local musicians. In 1992, Bicudo joined the group. The trio's first name was Palladium. Later, the trio was renamed Tusch.
The band was founded as Mallavoodoo in 1996 in Recife, Pernambuco, when Perrelli joined the trio. The band's influences included rock and roll, progressive rock, jazz and blues, and its songs combined classical and electric instruments.
Initially, João Maurício served as vocalist. However, he left the group after a short time. Mallavoodoo, now a quintet, began playing at a Recife nightclub, Santório Geral.
However, the group preferred playing instrumental music and gradually included their own songs in their repertoire. Mallavoodoo's four instrumentalists Silveira, Bicudo, Lobo and Perrelli stayed together for ten years, and recorded the band's first album, O inverno e a garça, which was released in 2001. The production of this album, which cost 28,000 reais, was financed by Jayme da Fonte Hospital and Recife City Hall. A show was held to celebrate the release in Shopping Sítio da Trindade, Recife, in 2001.
In 2006, Perrelli was replaced by Barros, another very experienced musician. The group's new lineup recorded its second album in the same year, Soma. Both albums were produced by Thales Silveira and financed by Recife City Hall.
Since its inception, the band has played in many festivals around Brazil and especially Pernambuco. Among all the events which the group performed in, the most traditional were: Recife Jazz Festival and Festival de Inverno de Garanhuns.
In both albums, Mallavoodoo sought new directions for contemporary instrumental music. Their members usually play instrumental covers of the songs of bands such as the Beatles and Deep Purple, with no vocals. Mallavoodoo is considered one of the main instrumental music groups in Brazil's Pernambuco state.
Discography
2001: O inverno e a garça
2006: Soma
References
External links
Mallavoodoo official site
Mallavoodoo in Música de Pernambuco site
Category:Pernambuco
Category:Brazilian instrumental musical groups
Category:Brazilian jazz ensembles
Category:Brazilian rock music groups
Category:Musical groups established in 1996
Category:1996 establishments in Brazil |
Plasmatronics is a company, founded by former Air Force Weapons Laboratory now Phillips Laboratory scientist Dr. Alan E. Hill, which produced a plasma speaker design. This was first demonstrated at the 1978 Winter Consumer Electronics Show.
The product was effectively a loudspeaker with an integrated amplifier; however, it used a gas plasma, sourced from a helium tank in the back of the unit, as a near-massless driver. The plasma driver only reproduced the higher frequencies as a tweeter; the lower frequencies used a conventional woofer driver.
While praised for accurate sound reproduction at demonstrations, the system had a number of disadvantages, including high cost, periodic handling of heavy compressed helium cylinders, and ozone emissions that may become hazardous in an enclosed room.
External links
website dedicated to the plasmatronics loudspeaker
The Art of Speaker Design
Category:Loudspeaker manufacturers
Category:Audio equipment manufacturers of the United States |
Ludvig Engsund born March 16, 1993 is a Swedish ice hockey goaltender. He is currently playing with Rögle BK of the Swedish Swedish Hockey League.
References
External links
Category:1993 births
Category:Living people
Category:Swedish ice hockey goaltenders
Category:Rögle BK players |
Charles Lawrence may refer to:
Charles Lawrence British Army officer 17091760, British Army officer and Governor of Nova Scotia, 17561760
Charles Lawrence Liverpool merchant 1776-1853, Chairman of the Liverpool & Manchester Railway
Charles Lawrence cricketer 18281916, Anglo-Australian cricketer
Charles Lawrence mathematician, American bioinformatician and mathematician
Charles Lawrence priest 18471935, Archdeacon of Suffolk 19011917
Charles B. Lawrence 18201883, American jurist
Charles Drummond Lawrence 18781975, judge for the United States Customs Court
Charles Frederick Lawrence 18731940, English antiquarian
Charles Radford Lawrence 1915-1986, African-American sociologist and Episcopal Church USA official
Charles S. Lawrence 18921970, United States army colonel
Charles Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence of Kingsgate 18551927, Chairman of the London and North Western Railway
Charles Lawrence, 2nd Baron Trevethin 18791959, British peer
USS Charles Lawrence DE-53, a 1943 Buckley-class destroyer escort
See also
Charles Laurence 19312013, actor and playwright
Charles Lawrance 18821950, designer of aircraft engines
Lawrence, Charles |
Duke Wen of Qi ; died 804 BC was from 815 to 804 BC the tenth recorded ruler of the State of Qi during the Western Zhou Dynasty of ancient China. His personal name was Lü Chi 呂赤, ancestral name Jiang 姜, and Duke Wen was his posthumous title.
Duke Wen's father Duke Li of Qi was a despotic ruler, and in 816 BC the people of Qi rebelled and tried to make the son of Duke Hu of Qi, Duke Li's grand-uncle, the new ruler. Duke Li was killed by the rebels, but Duke Hu's son also died in the fighting. Subsequently, Duke Wen ascended the throne, and executed 70 people who were responsible for his father's death.
Duke Wen reigned for 12 years and died in 804 BC. He was succeeded by his son, Duke Cheng of Qi.
Family
Parents:
Prince Wuji ; d. 816 BC, ruled as Duke Li of Qi from 824816 BC
Sons:
Prince Tuo ; d. 795 BC, ruled as Duke Cheng of Qi from 803795 BC
Prince Gao , the grandfather of Gao Xi , who was the progenitor of the Gao lineage
Daughters:
Qi Jiang
Married Marquis Mu of Jin d. 785 BC in 808 BC, and had issue Marquis Wen of Jin, Huan Shu of Quwo
References
Category:Monarchs of Qi state
Category:9th-century BC Chinese monarchs
Category:804 BC deaths
Category:Year of birth unknown |
Lieutenant Colonel Terence Brandram Hastings Otway DSO, 15 June 1914 23 July 2006 was an officer in the British Army, best known for his role as commander of the paratroop assault on the Merville Battery on D-Day.
Early life
Otway was born in Cairo, Egypt on 15 June 1914 at the American Hospital, he returned with the family to England in 1915 where he stayed while his father served in France. From December 1918 to autumn 1921 he lived in Rushbrooke, County Cork, Ireland. The family returned to England where Terence attended the local Council school at Thame, Buckinghamshire, followed by Watford Grammar School. In the last 6 months of 1923, he became severely ill with whooping cough. As a result, on medical advice he was sent to Dover College where the sea air would help lungs that were in a poor state. He was at the Junior school until 1928 and the senior school until 1932.
Early military career
In January 1933, Otway entered the Royal Military College, Sandhurst reaching the rank of Cadet Sergeant and passing out 18th of 200. Although this gave him eligibility to join the Indian Army, he chose the British and, in August 1934, was commissioned into the 2nd Battalion of the Royal Ulster Rifles, based at Gravesend.
In the summer of 1935, Otway required a serious middle ear operation at The Royal Naval Hospital, Chatham. During convalescence his pub-crawling companion was the Crown Prince of Spain who was in the next room.
In autumn 1935, Otway was posted to 1st Battalion, based in Hong Kong. He travelled by P & O liner to take up his post as Intelligence Officer. In May 1937, he was posted to Hong Kong HQ Cipher staff. In August 1937 he was promoted to Lieutenant and rejoined the battalion who were posted to Shanghai as part of the international force sent to protect the settlement from the Japanese who had invaded China. The battalion suffered four months of constant bombing, shelling and machine-gun fire from the Japanese, losing twenty killed. In December 1937, the battalion was posted to Rawalpindi, then part of India. On return from six weeks leave the battalion was posted to Razani, North West Frontier. Otway was appointed Signals Officer.
Early wartime service
In August 1939, during three months leave, Otway married Stella Whitehead, daughter of Basil Whitehead of Bovey Tracey, Devon, a retired Colonial Police Officer, who had been Chief of Police in Penang, Malaya. Terence and Stella returned to Rawalpindi, but Stella flew home in April 1940, while the battalion returned by sea to Oxford for conversion to mechanised infantry from the camels, mules and horses they had been using in India.
In December 1940, Otway was promoted to Major. He went to Staff College in June 1941, passing out 4th of 200 in December 1941. During 1942 he served as a Staff Officer in London, responsible for briefings and briefing papers for the War Cabinet. In July 1943 he returned to the Royal Ulster Rifles as a Company Commander. The battalion was part of the 6th Airborne Division.
Normandy
In August 1943, Otway transferred to the Parachute Regiment to become Second-in-Command of the 9th Battalion. In March 1944, he was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel and took over as Commanding Officer.
The Normandy landings - the invasion of Europe took place in June 1944. The 9th were dropped in the night before to secure vital objectives, particularly to neutralise the Merville Gun Battery.
In spite of severe problems in the landing, his battalion took the Merville Battery. Otway started with about 750 men, few of whom had seen action before; of the 150 who took part in the attack, 65 had been either killed or wounded by the end of the action, which saved a great many Allied lives.
His numerically weak and all but exhausted battalion then pushed into Le Plein, where they encountered stiffening resistance and, despite their depleted numbers, took Château St Come on the ridge, and succeeded in beating off two enemy attacks, each of several hours duration, by a regiment of 21st Panzer Division.
Two days later during a routine tour of his positions, a stray shell landed close to Otway. He was diagnosed with severe concussion and on 19 July 1944 was subsequently evacuated to hospital in Cardiff, then graded unfit for a return to active service, and was posted as a Staff Officer to the War Office.
Otway was awarded the Distinguished Service Order DSO in October 1944 for his outstanding leadership in the actions at Merville and Le Plein. The citation for his DSO stated that his utter disregard for personal danger had been an inspiration to all his men.
Service in Asia
He was regraded category 'A' in May 1945 and posted as Commanding Officer of the 1st Battalion King's Regiment Liverpool Wingate's Burma Force in Rawalpindi with instructions to turn them into the 15th King's Parachute Battalion, part of 77th Indian Parachute Brigade attached to the 2nd Indian Airborne Division. In September 1945, Terence was appointed GSO1 at Division which was posted to Karachi, where in December Stella and his son, Michael joined him. After one year Terence was posted to the War Office as a GSO1 and the family returned home. His task was to write the official history of Airborne Forces. Originally restricted, it finally became available to the public in 1990 as Army Airborne Forces in the Second World War to mark their 50th anniversary.
Post-war career
Disillusioned with the post-war Army, Otway resigned his commission in January 1948. He joined the Colonial Development Corporation as Assistant General Manager, The Gambia, transferring a year later as a General Manager to Nyasaland. In June 1949 he was invalided back to the UK and banned from further service in the East.
Between 1949 and 1965 Otway worked in the area of sales and management, starting by selling life insurance as a learning experience and culminating as General Manager for Kemsley Newspapers later Thomson Newspapers and then as Managing Director of the Empire News, a Sunday paper with a circulation of 5.5 million. After the Thomson take-over Terence resigned over financing requirements of the papers.
He started an import/export business specialising in toys and gifts with a shop in Knightsbridge. The business prospered until, in 1965, a change in Value Added Tax law effectively killed it. After a brief period with Outward Bound, Otway joined Scotia Investments Ltd., a public company in the Leisure field, as Administrative Controller in 1966. In 1975, he sensed an impending scandal over misuse of funds and resigned, joining the London Chamber of Commerce with responsibility for membership. He retired in 1979, but retained various connections with business in non-executive directorships.
Retirement
During retirement, he continued to remain active particularly in areas relating to the welfare of soldiers and their widows, as well as historical aspects of The Parachute Regiment, especially in respect of monuments in Normandy, France. He became known as 'Colonel X' when fighting for the rights of serviceman's' widows and their pensions. He was instrumental in persuading the Government to change their miserly attitude. In 1991, aged 76, he still had the energy to take up the cases of three guardsmen seriously injured during a training exercise in Canada, publicising the issue and successfully putting pressure on the Government for adequate compensation for the men.
In 1995, his health and energy undiminished, he was still pruning branches, perched on a ladder, from a tree in the garden of his home in Tadworth, Surrey, to some consternation of his third wife Jeannie. He was also involved on the fringes in the case for the release of Lee Clegg, a paratrooper imprisoned for murder after a shooting in Northern Ireland at the time of the troubles.
Honours and awards
When he met the German commander of the battery in 1993 he admitted that he did not have the guts to refuse the proferred hand, but said afterwards that he could not forget his men, shot by the Germans as they hung helpless in trees. He shooed away picknickers from the battery, which is now a memorial and museum, declaring: I don't like people eating and drinking where my men died.
The citizens of Merville-Franceville-Plage in Normandy, France, decided to honour Otway by the placing of a bust depicting him at the age of 29 at the time of D-Day and the assault on the battery. This was unveiled in the grounds of the Merville Battery Museum on 7 June 1997 by himself, Raymond Triboulet, a leader of the French Resistance during the war, and Olivier Paz, the Mayor. The bust was sculpted by Vivienne Mallock who had also created busts of John Howard, Bernard Law Montgomery and Richard Nelson Gale. There was a large family gathering to witness the ceremony and twenty-one people sat down to dinner that night at the Moulin du Pre, a local restaurant, converted from a farmhouse, coincidentally the same farmhouse against which Otway landed on the night before D-Day.
In 2001, he was awarded the Légion d'Honneur, and more recently had a new road near the battery named after him Rue Colonel Otway.
In 2007 his medals and beret were donated to the Merville Battery Museum by his wife, Jean. Visitors can now see the DSO and Légion d'honneur, along with a description of the battle by Terence taken from a BBC documentary.
Film and media
For the 50th anniversary, Mark Fielder produced a documentary called 'D-Day: Turning the Tide' in which Charles Wheeler, a D-Day landings veteran, visited the area of the Merville Battery and interviewed some of the protagonists, including Lt. Col. Terence Otway, and Raimund Steiner - the commander of the battery at the time of the assault. The documentary also features Maj John Howard who led the glider-borne attack on Pegasus Bridge.
In 2004, for the D-Day 60th Anniversary programming, the BBC commissioned a drama-documentary entitled D-Day 6 June 1944 which included interviews with members of both the Allied and German armed forces, along with dramatisations of some of the key scenes. Terence described the battle, and his character was played by Philip Rham. The film was later released on DVD.
Notes
Citations
External links
The 6th Airborne Division in Normandy
The Merville Battery museum
Obituary in the Telegraph
Obituary in the Times
Otway Family Tree maintained by Mark Otway
Roll call: Lieutenant-Colonel Terence B H Otway, DSO
Imperial War Museum Interview from 1989
Imperial War Museum Interview from 1991
9th Parachute Battalion Reunion Club Website
Category:1914 births
Category:2006 deaths
Category:British Army personnel of World War II
Category:British Parachute Regiment officers
Category:Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Category:Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur
Category:Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst
Category:People educated at Watford Grammar School for Boys
Category:People educated at Dover College
Category:Royal Ulster Rifles officers
Category:Operation Overlord people |
This is a list of Suzhou Rail Transit stations.
Stations
stations |
The Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow, often known simply as the Avro Arrow, was a delta-winged interceptor aircraft designed and built by Avro Canada. The CF-105 held the promise of Mach 2 speeds at altitudes exceeding and was intended to serve as the Royal Canadian Air Force's RCAF primary interceptor into the 1960s and beyond.
The Arrow was the culmination of a series of design studies begun in 1953 that examined improved versions of the Avro Canada CF-100 Canuck. After considerable study, the RCAF selected a dramatically more powerful design, and serious development began in March 1955. The aircraft was intended to be built directly from the production line, skipping the traditional hand-built prototype phase. The first Arrow Mk. 1, RL-201, was rolled out to the public on 4 October 1957, the same day as the launch of Sputnik I.
Flight testing began with RL-201 on 25 March 1958, and the design quickly demonstrated excellent handling and overall performance, reaching Mach 1.9 in level flight. Powered by the Pratt & Whitney J75, another three Mk. 1s were completed, RL-202, RL-203 and RL-204. The lighter and more powerful Orenda Iroquois engine was soon ready for testing, and the first Mk 2 with the Iroquois, RL-206, was ready for taxi testing in preparation for flight and acceptance tests by RCAF pilots by early 1959.
On 20 February 1959, Prime Minister of Canada John Diefenbaker abruptly halted the development of the Arrow and its Iroquois engines before the scheduled project review to evaluate the program could be held. Canada tried to sell the Arrow to the US and Britain, but no agreements were concluded. Two months later, the assembly line, tooling, plans and existing airframes and engines were ordered to be destroyed. The cancellation was the topic of considerable political controversy at the time, and the subsequent destruction of the aircraft in production remains a topic for debate among historians and industry pundits. This action effectively put Avro out of business and its highly skilled engineering and production personnel scattered...
Design and development
Background
In the post-Second World War period, the Soviet Union began developing a capable fleet of long-range bombers with the ability to deliver nuclear weapons across North America and Europe. The main threat was principally from high-speed, high-altitude bombing runs launched from the Soviet Union travelling over the Arctic against military bases and built-up industrial centres in Canada and the United States. To counter this threat, Western countries developed interceptors that could engage and destroy these bombers before they reached their targets.
A. V. Roe Canada Limited had been set up as a subsidiary of the Hawker Siddeley Group in 1945, initially handling repair and maintenance work for aircraft at Malton, Ontario Airport, today known as Toronto Pearson International Airport. The next year the company began the design of Canada's first jet fighter for the Royal Canadian Air Force RCAF, the Avro CF-100 Canuck all-weather interceptor. The Canuck underwent a lengthy and troubled prototype stage before entering service seven years later in 1953. Nevertheless, it went on to become one of the most enduring aircraft of its class, serving in a variety of roles until 1981.
Recognizing that the delays that affected the development and deployment of the CF-100 could also affect its successor, and the fact that the Soviets were working on newer jet-powered bombers that would render the CF-100 ineffective, the RCAF began looking for a supersonic, missile-armed replacement for the Canuck even before it had entered service. In March 1952, the RCAF's Final Report of the All-Weather Interceptor Requirements Team was submitted to Avro Canada.
Higher speeds
Avro engineering had been considering supersonic issues already at this point. Supersonic flight works in a very different fashion and presents a number of new problems. One of the most critical, and surprising, was the sudden onset of a new form of drag, known as wave drag. The effects of wave drag were so strong that engines of the era could not provide enough power to overcome it, leading to the concept of a sound barrier.
German research during the Second World War had shown the onset of wave drag was greatly reduced by using airfoils that varied in curvature as gradually as possible. This suggested the use of thinner airfoils with much longer chord than designers would have used on subsonic aircraft. These designs were impractical because they left little internal room in the wing for armament or fuel.
The Germans also discovered it was possible to trick the airflow into the same behaviour if a conventional thicker airfoil was used swept rearward at a sharp angle, creating a swept wing. This provided many of the advantages of a thinner airfoil while also retaining the internal space needed for strength and fuel storage. Another advantage was that the wings were clear of the supersonic shock wave generated by the nose of the aircraft.
Almost every fighter project in the postwar era immediately applied the concept, which started appearing on production fighters in the late 1940s. Avro engineers explored swept-wing and tail modifications to the CF-100 known as the CF-103, which had proceeded to wooden mock-up stage. The CF-103 offered improved transonic performance with supersonic abilities in a dive. The basic CF-100 continued to improve through this period, and the advantages were continually eroded. When a CF-100 broke the sound barrier on 18 December 1952, interest in the CF-103 waned.
Delta wings
Another solution to the high-speed problem is the delta wing. The delta wing had many of the same advantages of the swept wing in terms of transonic and supersonic performance, but offered much more internal room and overall surface area. This provided more room for fuel, an important consideration given the inefficient early jet engines of the era, and the large wing area provided ample lift at high altitudes. The delta wing also enabled slower landings than swept wings in certain conditions.
The disadvantages of the design were increased drag at lower speeds and altitudes, and especially higher drag while maneuvering. For the interceptor role these were minor concerns, as the aircraft would be spending most of its time flying in straight lines at high altitudes and speeds, mitigating these disadvantages.
Further proposals based on the delta wing resulted in two versions of the design known as C104: the single engine C104/4 and twin-engined C104/2. The designs were otherwise similar, using a low-mounted delta-wing and sharply raked vertical stabilizer. The primary advantages of the C104/2 were its twin-engine reliability and a larger overall size, which offered a much larger internal weapons bay. The proposals were submitted to the RCAF in June 1952.
AIR 7-3 and C105
Intensive discussions between Avro and the RCAF examined a wide range of alternative sizes and configurations for a supersonic interceptor, culminating in RCAF Specification AIR 7-3 in April 1953. AIR 7-3 called specifically for a two crew, twin engine, aircraft with a range of for a normal low-speed mission, and for a high-speed interception mission. It also specified operation from a runway; a Mach 1.5 cruising speed at an altitude of ; and manoeuvrability for 2 g turns with no loss of speed or altitude at Mach 1.5 and . The specification required five minutes from starting the aircraft's engines to reaching altitude and Mach 1.5. It was also to have turn-around time on the ground of less than . An RCAF team led by Ray Foottit visited US aircraft producers and surveyed British and French manufacturers before concluding that no existing or planned aircraft could fulfill these requirements.
In 1955 Avro estimated the performance of the Arrow Mk 2 with Iroquois as follows, from the January 1955 British evaluation titled Evaluation of the CF.105 as an All Weather Fighter for the RAF: Max speed Mach 1.9 at 50,000 ft, Combat speed of Mach 1.5 at 50.000 feet and 1.84 G without bleeding energy, time to 50,000 ft of 4.1 minutes, 500-foot per minute climb ceiling of 62,000 feet, 400 nm radius on a high-speeds mission, 630 nm radius on a low-speed mission, Ferry range is not given, but estimated at 1,500 nm. Page 162 Avro Aircraft & Cold War Aviation by R.L Whitcomb
Avro submitted their modified C105 design in May 1953, essentially a two-man version of the C104/2. A change to a shoulder-mounted wing allowed rapid access to the aircraft's internals, weapons bay, and engines. The new design also allowed the wing to be built as a single structure sitting on the upper fuselage, simplifying construction and improving strength. The wing design and positioning required a long main landing gear that still had to fit within the thin delta wing, presenting an engineering challenge. Five different wing sizes were outlined in the report, ranging between ; the sized version was eventually selected.
The primary engine selection was the Rolls-Royce RB.106, an advanced two-spool design offering around . Backup designs were the Bristol Olympus OL-3, the US-built Curtiss-Wright J-67 version of the OL-3, or the Orenda TR.9 engines.
Armament was stored in a large internal bay located in a belly position, taking up over one third of the aircraft fuselage. A wide variety of weapons could be deployed from this bay, such as the Hughes Falcon guided missile, the CARDE Velvet Glove air-to-air missile, or four general-purpose 1,000 lb bombs. The Velvet Glove radar-guided missile had been under development with the RCAF for some time, but was believed unsuitable for supersonic speeds and lacked development potential. Consequently, further work on that project was cancelled in 1956.
In July 1953, the proposal was accepted and Avro was given the go-ahead to start a full design study under the project name: CF-105. In December, CA$27 million was provided to start flight modelling. At first, the project was limited in scope, but the introduction of the Soviet Myasishchev M-4 Bison jet bomber and the Soviet Union's testing of a hydrogen bomb the next month dramatically changed Cold War priorities. In March 1955, the contract was upgraded to CA$260 million for five Arrow Mk.1 flight-test aircraft, to be followed by 35 Arrow Mk. 2s with production engines and fire-control systems.
Production
In order to meet the timetable set by the RCAF, Avro decided that the Arrow program would adopt the Cook-Craigie plan. Normally a small number of prototypes of an aircraft were hand built and flown to find problems, and when solutions were found these changes would be worked into the design and then the production line would be set up. In a Cook-Craigie system, the production line was set up first and a small number of aircraft were built as production models. Any changes would be incorporated into the jigs while testing continued, with full production starting when the test program was complete. As Jim Floyd noted at the time, this was a risky approach: ...it was decided to take the technical risks involved to save time on the programme... I will not pretend that this philosophy of production type build from the outset did not cause us a lot of problems in Engineering. However, it did achieve its objective.
In order to mitigate risks, a massive testing program was started. By mid-1954, the first production drawings were issued and wind tunnel work began, along with extensive computer simulation studies carried out both in Canada and the United States using sophisticated computer programs. In a related program, nine instrumented free-flight models were mounted on solid fuel Nike rocket boosters and launched from Point Petre over Lake Ontario while two additional models were launched from the NASA facility at Wallops Island, Virginia, over the Atlantic Ocean. These models were for aerodynamic drag and stability testing, flown to a maximum speed of Mach 1.7+ before intentionally crashing into the water.
Experiments showed the need for only a small number of design changes, mainly involving the wing profile and positioning. To improve high-alpha performance, the leading edge of the wing was drooped, especially on outer sections, a dog-tooth was introduced at about half-span to control spanwise flow, and the entire wing given a slight negative camber which helped control trim drag and pitch-up. The area rule principle, made public in 1952, was also applied to the design. This resulted in several changes including the addition of a tailcone, sharpening the radar nose profile, thinning the intake lips, and reducing the cross-sectional area of the fuselage below the canopy.
The construction of the airframe was fairly conventional, with a semi-monocoque frame and multi-spar wing. The aircraft used a measure of magnesium and titanium in the fuselage, the latter limited largely to the area around the engines and to fasteners. Titanium was still expensive and not widely used because it was difficult to machine.
The Arrow's thin wing required aviation's first hydraulic system to supply enough force to the control surfaces, while using small actuators and piping. A rudimentary fly-by-wire system was employed, in which the pilot's input was detected by a series of pressure-sensitive transducers in the stick, and their signal was sent to an electronic control servo that operated the valves in the hydraulic system to move the various flight controls. This resulted in a lack of control feel; because the control stick input was not mechanically connected to the hydraulic system, the variations in back-pressure from the flight control surfaces that would normally be felt by the pilot could no longer be transmitted back into the stick. To re-create a sense of feel, the same electronic control box rapidly responded to the hydraulic back-pressure fluctuations and triggered actuators in the stick, making it move slightly; this system, called artificial feel, was also a first.
In 1954, the RB.106 program was cancelled, necessitating the use of the backup Wright J67 engine instead. In 1955, this engine was also cancelled, leaving the design with no engine. At this point, the Pratt & Whitney J75 was selected for the initial test-flight models, while the new TR 13 engine was developed at Orenda for the production Mk 2s.
After evaluating the engineering mock-ups and the full-scale wooden mock-up in February 1956, the RCAF demanded additional changes, selecting the advanced RCA-Victor Astra fire-control system firing the equally advanced United States Navy Sparrow II in place of the MX-1179 and Falcon combination. Avro vocally objected on the grounds that neither of these were even in testing at that point, whereas both the MX-1179 and Falcon were almost ready for production and would have been nearly as effective for a very large saving in cost. The Astra proved to be problematic as the system ran into a lengthy period of delays, and when the USN cancelled the Sparrow II in 1956, Canadair was quickly brought in to continue the Sparrow program in Canada, although they expressed grave concerns about the project as well and the move added yet more expense.
Rollout and flight testing
Go-ahead on the production was given in 1955. The rollout of the first CF-105, marked as RL-201, took place on 4 October 1957. The company had planned to capitalize on the event, inviting more than guests to the occasion. Unfortunately for Avro, the media and public attention for the Arrow rollout was dwarfed by the launch of Sputnik the same day.
The J75 engine was slightly heavier than the PS-13, and therefore required ballast to be placed in the nose to return the centre of gravity to the correct position. In addition, the Astra fire-control system was not ready, and it too, was replaced by ballast. The otherwise unused weapons bay was loaded with test equipment.
RL-201 first flew on 25 March 1958 with Chief Development Test Pilot S/L Janusz Żurakowski at the controls. Four more J75-powered Mk 1s were delivered in the next 18 months. The test flights, limited to proof-of-concept and assessing flight characteristics, revealed no serious design faults. The CF-105 demonstrated excellent handling throughout the flight envelope, in large part due to the natural qualities of the delta-wing, but responsibility can also be attributed to the Arrow's Stability Augmentation System. The aircraft went supersonic on its third flight and, on the seventh, broke at while climbing. A top speed of Mach 1.98 was achieved, and this was not at the limits of its performance. An Avro report made public in 2015 clarifies that during the highest speed flight, the Arrow reached Mach 1.90 in steady level flight, and an indicated Mach number of 1.95 was recorded in a dive. Estimates up to Mach 1.98 likely originated from an attempt to compensate for lag error, which was expected in diving flight.
Although no major problems were encountered during the initial testing phase, some minor issues with the landing gear and flight control system had to be rectified. The former problem was partly due to the tandem main landing gear being very narrow, in order to fit into the wings; the leg shortened in length and rotated as it was stowed. During one landing incident, the chain mechanism used to shorten the gear in the Mark 1 gear jammed, resulting in incomplete rotation. In a second incident with Arrow 202 on 11 November 1958, the flight control system commanded elevons full down at landing; the resulting reduction in weight on the gears reduced the effective tire friction, ultimately resulting in brake lockup and subsequent gear collapse. A photograph taken of the incident proved that inadvertent flight control activation had caused the accident. The only occasion when a test flight was diverted occurred on 2 February 1959, when a TCA Viscount crash-landed in Toronto, necessitating a landing at CFB Trenton.
The stability augmentation system also required much fine-tuning. Although the CF-105 was not the first aircraft to use such a system, it was one of the first of its kind, and was problematic. By February 1959, the five aircraft had completed the majority of the company test program and were progressing to the RCAF acceptance trials.
Political issues
From 1953, some senior Canadian military officials at the chiefs of staffs began to question the program. The chiefs of staff of the army and navy were both strongly opposed to the Arrow, since substantial funds were being diverted to the air force, while Air Marshal Hugh Campbell, RCAF Chief of Staff, backed it right up until its cancellation. In June 1957, when the governing Liberals lost the federal election and a Progressive Conservative government under John Diefenbaker took power, the aircraft's prospects began to noticeably change. Diefenbaker had campaigned on a platform of reining in what the Conservatives claimed was rampant Liberal spending. Nonetheless, by 1958, the parent company had become Canada's third largest business enterprise and had primary interests in rolling stock, steel and coal, electronics, and aviation with 39 different companies under the A. V. Roe Canada banner.
In August 1957, the Diefenbaker government signed the NORAD North American Air Defense Agreement with the United States, making Canada a partner with American command and control. The USAF was in the process of completely automating their air defence system with the SAGE project, and offered Canada the opportunity to share this sensitive information for the air defence of North America. One aspect of the SAGE system was the Bomarc nuclear-tipped anti-aircraft missile. This led to studies on basing Bomarcs in Canada in order to push the defensive line further north, even though the deployment was found to be extremely costly. Deploying the missiles alone was expected to cost C$164 million, while SAGE would absorb another C$107 million, not counting the cost of improvements to radar; in all, it was projected to raise Canada's defence spending as much as 25 to 30, according to George Pearkes, then minister of national defence.
Defence against ballistic missiles was also becoming a priority. The existence of Sputnik had also raised the possibility of attacks from space, and, as the year progressed, word of a missile gap began spreading. An American brief of the meeting with Pearkes records his concern Canada could not afford defensive systems against both ballistic missiles and manned bombers. It is also said Canada could afford the Arrow or Bomarc/SAGE, but not both.
By 11 August 1958, Pearkes requested cancellation of the Arrow, but the Cabinet Defence Committee CDC refused. Pearkes tabled it again in September and recommended installation of the Bomarc missile system. The latter was accepted, but again the CDC refused to cancel the entire Arrow program. The CDC wanted to wait until a major review on 31 March 1959. They cancelled the Sparrow/Astra system in September 1958. Efforts to continue the program through cost-sharing with other countries were then explored. In 1959, Pearkes would say the ballistic missile was the greater threat, and Canada purchased Bomarc in lieu of more airplanes.
Operational history
Foreign interest
Canada unsuccessfully tried to sell the Arrow to the US and Britain. The aircraft industry in both countries was considered a national interest and the purchase of foreign designs was rare.
Nevertheless, from 1955 onwards, the UK had shown considerable interest in the Arrow. Desiring a high-performance interceptor like the Arrow, the RAF began the F.155 program in 1955, projecting a service entry date of 1962. As the program continued, it was clear the aircraft would not be ready by that date, and attention turned to interim designs that could be in service by the late 1950s to cover this period. At first, consideration was given to a thin-wing version of the Gloster Javelin that would provide moderate supersonic performance, along with the extremely high performance but short range Saunders-Roe SR.177.
In April 1956, the UK's Air Council recommended a purchase of 144 Arrows to fill the role of the thin-wing Javelin. These would be powered by UK engines; the Bristol Olympus 7R thrust dry, with reheat, the Rolls-Royce Conway Stage 4 thrust dry, with reheat, or de Havilland Gyron thrust dry, with reheat.
Procurement of the Arrow from Canada, and setting up a production line in the UK, was studied, the unit price per aircraft built in the UK being estimated at £220,000 each for a production run of 100 aircraft, as opposed to the estimate of £150,000 per aircraft for the thin wing Javelin. The CF-105 would serve as a stopgap until the UK's F.155 project came to fruition, but with the F.155 due in 1963 and the Arrow not likely to reach the RAF before 1962, there was little point in proceeding.
The infamous 1957 Defence White Paper, described as the biggest change in military policy ever made in normal times, led to the cancellation of almost all British manned fighter aircraft then in development, and completely curtailed any likelihood of a purchase. In January 1959, the UK's final answer was no; Britain countered with an offer to sell Canada the English Electric Lightning.
The French government expressed an interest in the Iroquois engine for an enlarged version of the Dassault Mirage IV bomber, the Mirage IVB. This was one of several engines being considered, including the Olympus, with an order for 300 Iroquois being considered. Acting on media speculation that the Iroquois engine program was also in jeopardy of being cancelled, the French government chose to end negotiations in October 1958 and opted for an upgraded version of the indigenous Snecma Atar, instead. There was never an explanation for this decision offered by the French government, even after Avro tried to offer the Iroquois as a private venture.
In the US, the 1954 interceptor was well underway, and would ultimately introduce the Convair F-106 Delta Dart, an aircraft with many similarities to the Arrow. More advanced designs were also being considered, notably the Mach 3 Republic XF-103, and by the time the Arrow was flying, the much more advanced North American XF-108. Both of these programs were cancelled during the mock-up stage, as it was believed the need for a manned interceptor of very high-performance simply did not exist as the Soviets were clearly moving their strategic force to ICBMs. This argument added weight to the justification of cancelling the Arrow. In 1958, Avro Aircraft Limited president and general manager Fred Smye elicited a promise from the USAF to supply, free, the fire control system and missiles and if they would allow the free use of their flight test centre at... Edwards AFB.
Cancellation
The Arrow's cancellation was announced on 20 February 1959. The day became known as Black Friday in the Canadian aviation industry. Diefenbaker claimed the decision was based on a thorough examination of threats and defensive measures, and the cost of defensive systems. More specifically, the cost would have needed to be amortized over hundreds of manufactured models. At the time the trend was away from conventional bombers that the Avro Arrow could intercept and towards atmospheric weapons like intercontinental ballistic missiles, according to Global News. As a result, the foreign demand for the Avro Arrow had declined substantially. Canada's alternative to the Arrow was to purchase some American McDonnell F-101 Voodoo interceptors and Bomarc B missiles.
The decision immediately put 14,528 Avro employees, as well as nearly 15,000 other employees in the Avro supply chain of outside suppliers, out of work. Declassified records show Avro management was caught unprepared by the suddenness of the announcement by the government; while executives were aware that the program was in jeopardy, they expected it to continue until the March review. It was widely believed during this lead-up to the review, the first Arrow Mk 2, RL-206, would be prepared for an attempt at both world speed and altitude records.
An attempt was made to provide the completed Arrows to the National Research Council of Canada as high-speed test aircraft. The NRC refused, noting that without sufficient spare parts and maintenance, as well as qualified pilots, the NRC could make no use of them. A similar project initiated by the Royal Aircraft Establishment Boscombe Down had resulted in Avro vice-president engineering Jim Floyd's preparing a transatlantic ferry operation. This proposal, like others from the United States, was never realized.
Aftermath
Within two months of the project cancellation, all aircraft, engines, production tooling and technical data were ordered scrapped. Officially, the reason given for the destruction order from cabinet and the chiefs of staff was to destroy classified and secret materials used in the Arrow and Iroquois programs. The action has been attributed to Royal Canadian Mounted Police fears that a Soviet mole had infiltrated Avro, later confirmed to some degree in the Mitrokhin Archives.
Rumours had circulated that Air Marshal W. A. Curtis, a World War I ace who headed Avro, had ignored Diefenbaker and spirited one of the Arrows away to be saved for posterity. These rumours were given life in a 1968 interview, when Curtis was asked directly if the rumour was true. He replied, I don't want to answer that. He proceeded to question the wisdom of printing the story of a missing Arrow, and wondered whether it would be safe to reveal the existence of a surviving airframe only nine years later. If it is in existence it may have to wait another 10 years. Politically it may cause a lot of trouble. The legend endures that one of the prototypes remains intact somewhere.
Following the cancellation of the Avro Arrow project, CF-105 chief aerodynamicist Jim Chamberlin led a team of 25 engineers to NASA's Space Task Group to become lead engineers, program managers, and heads of engineering in NASA's manned space programsprojects Mercury, Gemini and Apollo. The Space Task Group team eventually grew to 32 Avro engineers and technicians, and became emblematic of what many Canadians viewed as a brain drain to the United States. Among the former Arrow team engineers to go south were Tecwyn Roberts NASA's first flight dynamics officer on Project Mercury and later director of networks at the Goddard Space Flight Center John Hodge flight director and manager on the cancelled Space Station Freedom project, Dennis Fielder director of the Space Station Task Force, later the Space Station, Owen Maynard chief of the LM engineering office in the Apollo Program Office and Rod Rose technical assistant for the Space Shuttle program. Many other engineers, including Jim Floyd, found work in either the UK or the United States. Work undertaken by both Avro Canada and Floyd benefited supersonic research at Hawker Siddeley, Avro Aircraft's UK parent, and contributed to programs such as the HSA.1000 supersonic transport design studies, influential in the design of the Concorde.
In 1961, the RCAF obtained 66 McDonnell CF-101 Voodoo aircraft, one of the American designs the RCAF originally rejected, to serve in the role originally intended for the Avro Arrow. The controversy surrounding this acquisition, and Canada's acquiring nuclear weapons for the Voodoos and Bomarcs eventually contributed to the collapse of the Diefenbaker government in 1963.
Although nearly everything connected to the CF-105 and Orenda Iroquois programs was destroyed, the cockpit and nose gear of RL-206, the first Mk 2 Arrow, and two outer panels of RL-203's wings were saved and are on display at the Canada Aviation and Space Museum in Ottawa, alongside an Iroquois engine.
With specifications comparable to then-current offerings from American and Soviet design bureaus, at the time of its cancellation, the Arrow was considered by one aviation industry observer to be one of the most advanced aircraft in the world. The Arrow's cancellation eventually led to the end of Avro Aircraft Limited Canada and its president and general manager, Crawford Gordon Jr. was fired shortly afterward. In 1962, the Hawker Siddeley Group formally dissolved A. V. Roe Canada and transferred all its assets to Hawker Siddeley's newly formed subsidiary, Hawker Siddeley Canada. According to Bill Gunston:
The nose cone section of Avro Arrow RL-206, currently on display at the Canada Aviation and Space Museum in Ottawa, was smuggled out of the Avro Aircraft plant in Malton by members of the RCAF Flying Personnel Medical Establishment, a detachment of RCAF Station Downsview on Avenue Road in Toronto, where it resided for many years and was employed in high-altitude work. The commanding officer of the Flying Personnel Medical Establishment, Wing Commander Roy Stubbs, provides this prologue to the former aircraft:
In 2012, the Avro Arrow was proposed to be built as an alternative to the proposed Canadian purchase of F-35 aircraft. The proposal was rejected by Ottawa.
Variants
Mark 1
The Arrow Mark 1 was the initial version powered by two Pratt & Whitney J75 turbojet engines that produced of thrust each. The Mk 1 was used for development and flight testing. Five were completed.
Mark 2
The Mk 2 version was to be fitted with the Orenda PS-13 Iroquois engines and would be evaluated by RCAF acceptance pilots as well as Avro test pilots. The new PS-13S engines were designed to produce each. The Astra/Sparrow fire control system had been terminated by the government in September 1958 with all aircraft to employ the Hughes/Falcon combination. At the time of cancellation of the entire program, the first Arrow Mk 2, RL-206, was ready for taxi trials; Avro expected it to break the world speed record, but it never flew.
Top speed would have been limited by atmospheric frictional heating, according to project engineer James Floyd, [t]he aluminum alloy structure which we favoured was good for speeds greater than a Mach number of 2.
Other designs
Avro Canada had a wide range of advanced Arrow variants under development at the time of project cancellation. Frequent mention is made of an Arrow that could have been capable of Mach 3, similar to the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25. This was not the production version, but one of the design studies, and would have been a greatly modified version of the Arrow Mk 2, featuring revised engine inlets and extensive use of carbon steel and titanium to withstand airframe heating. The Mark 2A and Mark 3 were also to have updated engines, capable of producing each, increasing the maximum takeoff weight by and flight ceiling to 70,000 ft.
In 2010, in the context of ongoing controversy surrounding the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement, as an alternative to continued support of the troubled F-35, a group of individuals began lobbying Ottawa to consider domestic production of an updated version of the Avro Arrow, using modern materials and engines but keeping the Arrow's proven basic design. The group feels that a modernized Arrow would out-perform the F-35 in speed, range and maximum altitude, among others, while admitting that the Arrow lacks the F-35's stealth characteristics. In 2012, the Harper government publicly rejected the bid, saying the redesigned Arrow program was risky, would take too long to develop, and would be too expensive.
Avro Arrow replicas
A replica Arrow built by Allan Jackson was used in The Arrow, a Canadian Broadcasting Corporation CBC production. He began building a full-scale replica of the Arrow in 1989, and was approached by the producers of the Arrow miniseries in 1996, then about 70 complete, who made an offer to complete the construction if the replica could be used for the production. It was used on the miniseries and several public appearances at air shows. The replica was later donated to the Reynolds-Alberta Museum in his home town of Wetaskiwin, Alberta. While in a temporary outdoor collection, it was damaged in a wind storm in 2009. It has since been repaired, but is no longer on public display.
The Avro Museum, based out of Calgary/Springbank Airport CYBW west of Calgary, Alberta, Canada, is building a 2/3rd scale, manned, high performance flying replica of the Avro Arrow officially known as ARROW II to Canadian Aviation Experimental Aircraft Regulations in order to become an airshow demonstration aircraft. Construction began in October 2007, and by 2012 the fuselage was completed and passed its first MDRA inspection, and now has a serial number. Powered by a pair of Pratt & Whitney JT-15D-4s, the ARROW II is to have a top speed of approximately 500 knots and a range of 1,800 miles. Current projections show a final cost of the project at approximately one million dollars and it was hoped that ground tests would start in about 2016 with the first flight to follow. The 2018 Annual report from the museum updates the previous predictions, and states
We look forward to more exciting progress in the coming year as we work towards the goal of having the Arrow II on its landing gear and able to be presented as a work in progress static display at the 2019 Springbank Airshow.
The Canadian Air and Space Museum CASM, previously located at the Toronto/Downsview Airport CYZD, featured a full-size replica Arrow built by volunteers with materials supplied by local aerospace firms. With a metal structure, the replica features many authentic-looking components including landing gear constructed by Messier-Dowty, the original Arrow primary landing gear sub-contractor. Painted by Bombardier Inc. at their Downview plant in the colours of Arrow 25203, the Arrow replica was rolled out for a media event on 28 September 2006 and was on public display on 89 October 2006 to commemorate the 49th anniversary of the original aircraft's rollout in 1957. CASM was closed in 2011 when the hangar was rebuilt for use by a college.
This replica was in storage at Toronto Pearson Intl Airport CYYZ after being displayed at the Toronto International Centre across the road from where the actual aircraft were built for a technology trade show that ran from 30 September to 4 October 2013. In late 2019, Milan Kroupa brought the replica to Edenvale Airport CNV8, south of Georgian Bay in Southern Ontario. It is currently on display in a hangar for people to see. Tours are available every Tuesday at 2,3 and 4pm as well as on special weekends, go to their website for details.
Avro Arrow scale models
Between 1954 and 1957, nine Avro Arrow models, scaled at one-eighth size or about long, are believed to have been launched, using rockets, over Lake Ontario from Point Petre in Prince Edward County, Ontario as part of the process for testing the hull design. Two others were launched in Virginia. They travelled at supersonic speeds as onboard sensors sent data back to shore. After many attempts to find the models, a new search was started in late July 2017. The Raise the Arrow project was a joint venture by several companies, the Canadian Coast Guard and the Royal Canadian Military Institute. A Thunderfish autonomous submarine, equipped with an AquaPix interferometric synthetic aperture sonar, was being used to survey the relevant area of the lake bottom. Any scale models found will be restored and displayed at the Canada Aviation and Space Museum in Ottawa and the National Air Force Museum of Canada in Trenton, Ontario.
In September 2017, the Raise the Arrow project confirmed the discovery of one of the models at the bottom of Lake Ontario. It was recovered in August 2018.
Destroyed plans re-discovered
On January 6, 2020, CBC News announced that the Arrow's plans, long thought to have been destroyed, were kept. Ken Barnes, a senior draftsman on the project in 1959, was ordered to destroy all documents related to the Avro Arrow project. Instead, he quietly took the blueprints home where they remained stored for decades. The blueprints are currently on display in the Touch the Sky: The Story of Avro Canada exhibit at the Diefenbaker Canada Centre at the University of Saskatchewan until April 2020.
Prospective operator
Royal Canadian Air Force Arrow was cancelled before entering service.
Specifications Arrow Mk 1
Notable appearances in media
In 1997, the CBC broadcast their two-part miniseries, The Arrow. The production used a combination of archival film, remote-control flying models and computer animation for the static, ground and flying sequences. Although highly acclaimed, receiving praise from film historian and former Avro employee Elwy Yost and winner of numerous awards including the Gemini that year, the miniseries was also criticized for its docu-drama style and departing from a strict factual account. The continued rebroadcasts and accompanying DVD releases have served to re-animate the controversy over the Arrow's cancellation and introduce the story to a new generation.
See also
References
Notes
Citations
Bibliography
Abzug, Malcolm J. and E. Eugene Larrabee. Airplane Stability and Control: A History of the Technologies that made Aviation Possible. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2002. .
Anderson, John D. Jr. Fundamentals of Aerodynamics. New York: McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering, Fifth Edition 2008, First Edition 1984. .
Andrew, Christopher and Vasili Mitrokhin. The Mitrokhin Archive: The KGB in Europe and the West. Eastbourne, East Sussex, UK: Gardners Books, 2000. .
Bothwell, Robert and William Kilbourn. C.D. Howe: A Biography. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1979. .
Campagna, Palmiro. Storms of Controversy: The Secret Avro Arrow Files Revealed. Toronto: Stoddart, third paperback edition, 1998. .
Campagna, Palmiro. Requiem for a Giant: A.V. Roe Canada and the Avro Arrow. Toronto: Dundurn Press, 2003. .
Dow, James. The Arrow. Toronto: James Lorimer and Company Publishers, 1979. .
Floyd, James. The Canadian Approach to All-Weather Interceptor Development. The Fourteenth British Commonwealth Lecture. The Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society, Volume 62, no. 576, December 1958.
French, Francis and Colin Burgess. Into that Silent Sea: Trailblazers of the Space Era, 19611965 Outward Odyssey: A People's History of Space. Lincoln Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 2007. .
Gainor, Chris. Arrows to the Moon: Avro's Engineers and the Space Race. Burlington, Ontario: Apogee, 2001. .
Gainor, Chris. Who Killed the Avro Arrow? Edmonton: Folklore Publishing, 2007. .
Gunston, Bill. Fighters of the Fifties. North Branch, Minnesota: Specialty Press, 1981. .
Isinger, Russell. Flying Blind: The Politics of the Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow Programme. The Evolution of Air Power in Canada 1919 to the Present Day and Beyond. Winnipeg: Department of National Defence, Papers presented at the 2nd Air Force Historical Conference, volume II, 1997.
Isinger, Russell. The Avro Arrow. Canada: Confederation to Present. CD-ROM. Edmonton: Chinook Multimedia Inc., 2001. .
Isinger, Russell. The Avro Arrow. The Oxford Companion to Canadian History. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 2004. .
Isinger, Russell. The Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow Programme: Decisions and Determinants. MA Thesis, University of Saskatchewan, 1997.
Isinger, Russell and D.C. Story. The Plane Truth: The Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow Programme. In The Diefenbaker Legacy: Politics, Law, and Society Since 1957. Regina: Canadian Plains Research Centre, 1980. .
Lukasiewicz, Julius. Canada's Encounter with High-Speed Aeronautics. Technology and Culture. The International Quarterly Journal of the Society for the History of Technology, Volume 27, No. 2, April 1986.
Milberry, Larry, ed. Sixty Years: The RCAF and CF Air Command 19241984. Toronto: Canav Books, 1984. .
Page, Ron, Richard Organ, Don Watson and Les Wilkinson the Arrowheads. Avro Arrow: The Story of the Avro Arrow from its Evolution to its Extinction. Erin, Ontario: Boston Mills Press, 1979, reprinted Stoddart, 2004. .
Payne, Stephen. Canadian Wings: A Remarkable Century of Flight. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre, 2006. .
Peden, Murray. Fall of an Arrow. Toronto: Stoddart Publishing, 2003, First edition 1978. .
Pigott, Peter. Flying Canucks II: Pioneers of Canadian Aviation. Toronto: Dundurn Press Ltd, 1997.
Shaw, E.K. There Never was an Arrow. Toronto: Steel Rail Educational Publishing, 1979. .
Smye, Fred and Randy. Canadian Aviation and the Avro Arrow. Oakville, Ontario: Amazon/Kindle ebook, August 2014. .
Stewart, Greig. Arrow Through the Heart: The Life and Times of Crawford Gordon and the Avro Arrow. Toronto: McGraw-Hill-Ryerson, 1998. .
Stewart, Greig. Shutting Down the National Dream: A.V. Roe and the Tragedy of the Avro Arrow. Toronto: McGraw-Hill-Ryerson, 1991. .
Stursberg, Peter. Diefenbaker: Leadership Gained: 195662. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1975. .
Supersonic Sentinel. Rare Avro Arrow film footage. Available from Arrow Digital Archives ARC; also includes extra footage of the Arrow in flight and some footage of the Avro Jetliner 1950.
Valiquette, Marc-Andre. Destruction of a Dream: The Tragedy of Avro Canada and the CF-105 Arrow, Volume 1. Montreal: Marc-Andre Valiquette self-published, 2009. .
Valiquette, Marc-Andre. Supersonic Dreams: At the Dawn of a New Era, Volume 2. Montreal: Marc-Andre Valiquette self-published, 2010. .
Waechter, David. Flight Test: The Avro Arrow and a Career in Aeronautical Engineering. Kitchener: David Waechter self-published, 2015. .
Whitcomb, Randall. Avro Aircraft and Cold War Aviation. St. Catharine's, Ontario: Vanwell, 2002. .
Whitcomb, Randall. Cold War Tech War. The Politics of America's Air Defense. Burlington, Ontario: Apogee Books, 2008. .
Zuk, Bill. The Avro Arrow Story: The Impossible Dream. Calgary: Altitude Publishing, 2006. .
Zuk, Bill. The Avro Arrow Story: The Revolutionary Airplane and its Courageous Test Pilots. Calgary: Altitude Publishing, 2005. .
Zuk, Bill. Janusz Zurakowski: Legends in the Sky. St. Catharine's, Ontario: Vanwell, 2004. .
Zuuring, Peter. Arrow Countdown. Kingston, Ontario: Arrow Alliance Press, 2001. .
Zuuring, Peter. Arrow First Flight. Kingston, Ontario: Arrow Alliance Press, 2002. .
Zuuring, Peter. Arrow Rollout. Kingston, Ontario: Arrow Alliance Press, 2002. .
Zuuring, Peter. The Arrow Scrapbook. Kingston, Ontario: Arrow Alliance Press, 1999. .
Zuuring, Peter. Iroquois Rollout. Kingston, Ontario: Arrow Alliance Press, 2002. .
Additional resources
Library and Archives Canada is the official repository of most government documents relating to the Avro CF-105 Arrow project, though there are many documents at the Department of National Defence's Directorate of History and Heritage as well. Almost all Avro Arrow documents have now been declassified.
There Never Was an Arrow was broadcast on the CBC in March 1980 available as an extra on the Arrow Docu-Drama DVD. Clips from the program can be seen at CBC.
External links
Aerospace Heritage Foundation of Canada
Arrow Digital Archives
Avro Arrow Historica Minute
Avro Arrow Home Page, the longest running Avro Arrow page
Canada Aviation and Space Museum, remains of the RL-206 Avro Arrow and other components on display
Canadian Air and Space Museum, home of an Avro Arrow replica
CBC Digital Archives: The Avro Arrow, Canada's Broken Dream
The Great Arrow Debate editorial on canavbooks.com
ARROW A World-leading Intercepter sic by Avro Aircraft a 1957 Flight article by Bill Gunston
Royal Canadian Air Force Avro CF-105 Arrow Mk.1
The Avro Arrow & her pilot J. Zurakowski
A new hunt for Avro Arrow models in the depths of Lake Ontario: This time the search will be different By Alexandra Sienkiewicz, CBC News, Posted: 14 July 2017
Category:Aviation history of Canada
CF-105
Category:1950s Canadian fighter aircraft
Category:Tailless delta-wing aircraft
Category:Military history of Canada
Category:Abandoned military aircraft projects of Canada
Category:Cancelled aircraft projects
Category:Twinjets
Category:Aircraft first flown in 1958
Category:High-wing aircraft |
Komarnica is a small settlement in the Slovene Hills in the Municipality of Cerkvenjak in northeastern Slovenia. Traditionally the area was part of Styria. It is now included in the Drava Statistical Region.
References
External links
Komarnica at Geopedia
Category:Populated places in the Municipality of Cerkvenjak |
The Château d'Artigny was built between 1919 and 1928 in the Commune of Montbazon, in the department of Indre-et-Loire, France.
The First Castles
Having originally been constructed around the keep of Montbazon, an advanced bastion, during the Hundred Years' War, the Château d'Artigny was incorporated into the line of defences established along the Indre River. It was subsequently demolished in 1769 by its owner, Joseph Testard de Bouranis, the king's treasurer, who replaced it with his private residence. This survived the Revolution and was modified in the 19th Century.
François Coty
It was on 30 July 1912 when Joseph Spoturno, also known as François Coty, bought the château. Born on 3 May 1874 in Ajaccio, he was a wealthy and renowned perfumer and media magnate, as well as politician, councillor for Bastia and mayor of his native town in 1931.
On a journey around Touraine he was captivated by the location but, feeling the building to be badly placed on the cliff overlooking the Indre, he had the château demolished and rebuilt 12 metres further away on foundations different from the current ones. Measuring 60 metres by 18 metres and 27 tall, it was a mirror image, except for two windows fewer on each floor, of the château at Épinay-Champlâtreux which was constructed by the architect Jean-Michel Chevotet between 1751 and 1757. There was also a chapel which was a copy of the one at the Palace of Versailles, albeit a quarter of the size. The chapel was connected by an underground passage to a crypt made for François Coty and his descendants.
The period from 1919 to 1928 marked the partial end of this major project. Coty, employed 150 people architects, master builders, sculptors, carvers, tile setters, painters, craftsmen and labourers. Denys Puech, the official sculptor a receiver of the Prix de Rome constructed an 18th-century style allegory on the tympanum of the pediment of the central front section overlooking the Indre valley.
This magnificently decorated, marble covered residence included four master apartments, its own generating station, air conditioning, a tailor's and a bootmaker's, a barber's, cold storage for the lady of the house's furs, as well as a walk-in dressing room containing 78 closets, to name but a few of the luxuries.
From 1929 up until Coty's death in 1934 at his residence at Louveciennes acquired in 1923, he lived for half of the year at Artigny with his family. During this time, he was waited on by 40 servants, employed several guards to watch his 1,300 hectare estate, which in one fell swoop included seven kilometres of river, French gardens, orchard greenhouses, several farms, three mills, a hunting lodge, a rectory and abandoned school buildings.
The office of the Monsieur de Montbazon was located on the first floor and had pride of place in a circular room topped with a dome. The dome was painted with a trompe loeil fresco by Charles Hoffbauer, a receiver of the Grand Prix de Rome 1924, and depicted a costume ball with friends and family at the château, in which it was possible to recognise Coty's son-in-law, Paul Dubonnet as a sparrow with a glass in his hand. It was also possible to see the actresses Mary Marquet, Edwige Feuillère and Cécile Sorel, the ballet masters Serge Lifar and Serge Diaghilev, the painter Foujita, and the Aga Khan.
After Coty
Following the Crash of 1929, a luxurious lifestyle, a disastrous divorce, and the expense of his political magazine LAmi du Peuple, his fortune had been heavily eaten into. The perfumer's art collections were therefore sold at auction in 124 lots at the Galerie Charpentier in Paris on 30 November and 1 December 1936. After his death, the château was confiscated on the order of his numerous creditors.
In 1940, at the time when the French capital was relocated to Tours, the château had been identified as a potential shelter by a local aide-de-camp of Admiral Darlan and was subsequently occupied by the Department of the Navy. In 1941 it lay empty for a few months before being occupied by German troops until 1942, who in the meantime had painted the château brown to act as camouflage. Finally, it served as an annexe of Tours hospital, catering for the seriously wounded.
Coty's family once again took possession of the château in 1947 and were made several offers. The projects to convert it into the head office of Indre-et-Loires general council or into a holiday park were not followed up so the heirs began to carve up the enormous estate.
After two years, in the course of which the library was converted into a lounge bar offering a unique collection of cognac, armagnac, port and whisky, it was opened at the end of 1961, under the name of the Relais d'Artigny, becoming the first hotel company in Centre-Val de Loire. The wine cellar holds around 45,000 bottles of French wine, the finest collection in the world of Touraine wines. Since opening, Artigny has welcomed a number of personalities such as the Queen Mother and in 1963 Haile Selassie I, the last emperor of Ethiopia.
On 2425 November 1973, under the guise of the establishment's annual closing, the finance ministers of the G5 countries met in the château for the International Monetary Conference, with Valéry Giscard d'Estaing presiding for France.
In April 1976, an inconspicuous meeting took place between the French President and his future successor, François Mitterrand at the château.
Artigny still belongs to the family hotel group, Grandes Étapes Françaises, whose president is Pierre Traversac. The château-hotel has 65 bedrooms, two dining rooms and a spa.
Category:Châteaux in Indre-et-Loire
Category:Houses completed in 1928
Category:Hotels in France |
Indra Sistemas, S.A. is a Spanish information technology and defense systems company. Indra is listed on the Bolsa de Madrid and is a constituent of the IBEX 35 index.
Indra is organized around three business areas: information technologies, simulation & automatic test equipment, and defense electronic equipment.
Indra's portfolio ranges from consultancy, project development, and systems and applications integration to outsourcing of IT systems and business processes. This offer is structured into two primary segments: solutions and services.
Indra claims to focus on systems and solutions including outsourcing and application maintenance, and business processes where technology is a strategic and differentiating element BPO.
Approximately a third of the company's annual revenues come from international markets. By geographical areas, Europe and the United States are the two international markets with the greatest weight and growth for Indra. Latin America is also a geographical area in which Indra is operating.
The following are among Indra's main business areas:
Air traffic control systems where it is one of the world's largest suppliers; Indra claims that a third of the world's air traffic is managed by systems developed by the company
Ticketing systems developed for rapid transit systems such as those in Madrid, Barcelona, Paris, Lisbon, Shanghai, Athens, Buenos Aires, Mumbai and Santiago de Chile
Financial services
Energy
Electoral technology and processes
Aircraft simulators
Defense
Health information systems
Shareholders structure
According to official information, the current shareholder structure of the company is the following:
References
External links
Category:Companies based in the Community of Madrid
Category:Information technology companies of Spain
Category:Spanish brands
Category:Defence companies of Spain
Category:IBEX-35
Category:1993 establishments in Spain
Category:Consulting firms established in 1993
Category:Companies listed on the Madrid Stock Exchange
Category:International information technology consulting firms |
Nikolai Markarov March 18, 1933, Baku June 28, 2008, Moscow Soviet Russian artist and sculptor.
A member of the USSR Union of Artists 1975
Biography and professional activity
In 1956 Nikolai Markarov graduated from the Baku Art School. Then he enrolled and graduated from the Moscow State Academic Art Institute named after V.I. Surikov, being qualified as a sculptor - artist and continued to live and work in Moscow.
From 1963 to 1965 Nikolai worked as a sculptor in a sculptural production factory of RSFSR. In 1965 Nikolai Markarov was invited to Moscow Architectural Institute State Academy MarchI first as a teacher at the Department of the figure, and then as a sculptor, where he was working for over 13 years.
In 1975 N. Markarov was admitted to the USSR Union of Artists on the recommendation of members of the Union of artists - sculptors A. Stemkovsky, D. Shakhovsky and N. Lavinsky, who believed that N. Markarov entered the list of the thirty best sculptors of the USSR.
Besides the main work of the sculptor -artist N. Markarov illustrated books, wrote poetry and prose.
Lev Feodorovich Dyakonitsyn, Academician of the Russian Academy of Arts, the European Academy of Arts and Sciences, the French Academy of Sciences and Arts, the artist and art critic, at the opening ceremony of N. Markarovs exhibition at the Art Gallery Dresden in autumn 2013 said:
Nikolai Markarov managed to find in his work such a hand movement, a line that would talk about the nature of a man and of the divinity of a man. We are captivated by so soft, friendly, love game of the artist with paper space. It's a very rare, just exceptional phenomenon. Nowadays such masters are few. I think that he will be recalled very often. His wealth of nature is not confined only to graphics. Nikolai Markarov was also a theater artist and a poet, and an illustrator of many books, including his own ones. He was gifted by nature and did not know restraints in his imagination, and this fantasy is a kind of discovery of the world for us. The main theme of Nikolai Markarov is the image of beauty, the image of a woman, his companion or just the one met by his enamored eye, a caught character, and he immediately embodies them with simple means. Nikolai Markarov seems to catch a glimpse of a face in a crowd; he grabs beautiful faces and wants to remember them, as found little treasures. Sometimes these images are pinched out, the line is so solid, being the formula of the character, and the other vice versa are very lazy, very naughty. It is this combination of confidence and freedom that is particularly interesting, because the artist was coming from one method to another and was not afraid to experiment. Nikolai Markarov has left wonderful heritage for us. The artist remains alive for us, a living master, who tells us that we need to endure routine and everyday life philosophically patiently and even heroically and try to rise above it. Nikolai Markarov entered a cohort of selected artists, who knew how and what to say.
Group exhibitions
1946 - The children's exhibition of sculpture, I prize for sculpture The last hours of Taras Bulbas life on the fire, Baku
1961 All-Union Art Exhibition, Moscow
1962 - Graphics of Transcaucasia, Moscow
1967 - All-Union Exhibition of small form sculptures, Moscow
1967 - All-Union Exhibition of young graphic artists, Moscow
1974 - All-Union Exhibition of sculptors, Moscow
1980 - The Moscow exhibition of sculptors, Moscow
1985 - All-Union Exhibition of sculptors, Moscow
1990 - Exhibition of Moscow sculptors, Moscow
1995 - Exhibition of Moscow sculptors in the open air, Moscow
1997 - Exhibition of Moscow sculptors, House of Artists, Moscow
2000 - Exhibition Gifts of Moscow Artists , Moscow
2004 - Regional Art Gallery, Vologda
2009 - Exhibition Black on white , Art Museum, Yaroslavl
2013 - Nadja Brykinas Gallery, Zurich
2013 - Exhibition The Triumph of Venus. Nude in Art , Art Museum, Yaroslavl
There were also exhibitions in Moscow in libraries named after Nekrasov, Bogolyubov, the Club of railwaymen, publishing house of the magazine Working Woman, etc.
Personal exhibitions
2009 - The Institute of Heritage named after Likhachev, Moscow
2010 - The gallery of Higher Artistic and Technical Workshops, Moscow Institute of Architecture, Moscow
2011 - Picture gallery, Podolsk
2012 - Nadja Brykinas Gallery, Moscow
2013 - Art Gallery Dresden, Gostinny Dvor, Moscow
2013 Art Gallery Dresden, International multifunctional Center of Arts, Moscow
Podolsk TV presented the exhibition of Nikolai Markarovs works on June 15, 2011
Collection of his works in museums
The State Russian Museum, the graphics department, St. Petersburg
State History Museum, St. Petersburg
Art Museum, Yaroslavl
Regional Art Gallery, Vologda
Art Gallery, Podolsk
Museum of the Moscow Architectural Institute, Moscow
Museum of the Patriotic War on Poklonnaya Hill, Moscow
Nadja Brykinas Gallery, Zurich Switzerland
Art Gallery Dresden, Moscow
Literary activity
Anthology of Russian free verse. M., Publisher Prometheus, 1991. 348 pp.,
Origins, almanac. M., Publisher RIF «ROY , 2006. 321 pp.,
N. Markarov. Selected works in 6 volumes. M., Publisher magazine Youth, 2010,
Book graphics
Prokofiev S.L., Sapgir G.V., Grishin V.G. Ruddy cheeks, M., Physical Education and Sport, 1987,
Kharazyan E.G. TAY - CI ancient Chinese Gymnastics, Tver Regional Council VDFSO union, order number 498
Kharazyan E.G. Tips of the three doctors, M., RIF ROY , 2005,
Rezina U., Stories, M., 2006,
Publications about Markarov
Roy G.S., Almanac Origins 2006
Academician sculptor Burganov A.N., Kazantsev A., Bogolyubov magazine №7, July 2008
G. Avetisyan, magazine Armenian Church Russian Diocese of the Armenian Apostolic Church Moscow №4, April 2008
Pushchin V., the newspaper The Coach series
Gabrieljan N. Nine lines of Nikolai Markarov newspaper Interlocutor of Armenia №10, October 2013
Catalogues
Nikolai Markarov. Overheard song. Nadja Brykinas Gallery, 2012.
Black & White Russian and European Graphics of the 20th Century. Yaroslavl Art Museum. Gallery 2.36, 2009.
Nikolai Markarov, sculptures, drawings, poems. Teachers of MARCHI, Moscow Architectural Institute. Gallery of Higher Artistic and Technical Workshops, 2010
Souvenirs of Yaroslavl Art Museum
N. Markarov. Nine lines, 1963, souvenir plate, porcelain, diameter 12 cm, IC Zhukov YarDecal, 2009
N. Markarov. In Banja bath, 1960, souvenir plate, porcelain, diameter 12 cm, IC Zhukov YarDecal, 2009
N. Markarov. Nine lines, 1963, souvenir plate, porcelain, diameter 12 cm, IC Zhukov YarDecal, 2013
N. Markarov. In Banja bath, 1960, souvenir plate, porcelain, diameter 12 cm, IC Zhukov YarDecal, 2013
Poetry
***
The watch is implacable:
It will work even when taken off the wrist and set aside.
V.4, p. 228
***
Immortality?
We′ve sliced it into centuries and seconds!
V.4, p. 228
***
Oh Lord, pardon me, could it be true that I do see now what You mean?
V.4, p. 219
***
I inherit all that has been invented by mankind:
the Paper, the Three Nails, and the Atomic Mushroom.
V.4, p. 215
ABOUT A MIRROR
The sky was the colour of soil,
His hair was colour of soil,
Hands and bare feet were colour of soil,
There went a dirty man
On a dirty land.
And there was in his bosom
A small round mirror without a rim.
And now and then
When it was light for him like a day
He took his glass,
Mapped sweat and dust off
And cleaned until
It became bright,
As bright as the sky.
And the sky was clean in it
Like a glass.
And not looking into it
He put it again in his bosom
And went on going.
ABOUT AN ARM-CHAIR
I ordered an arm-chair.
But in good time
It wasnt ready.
And when it was ready
The lacquer didnt stick.
When it stopped sticking,
Lost its luster.
And I went to the wood,
Where a stump waited.
All I needed was
To flick the bug off
To seat myself on the stump.
External links
Register of professional artists of the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union, Russian Abroad , the Russian Federation and the former Soviet Union republics 18th - 21st centuries.
ArtRu.info - Persons
Poems.ru - N.N. Markarov s poems
About N.N. Markarovs exhibition in Podolsk
Gogol.ru about N.N. Markarovs exhibition in the gallery of Higher Artistic and Technical Workshops
News: Nadja Brykina's Gallery exhibition of N.N. Markarov
Art Fair Art Paris Art Fair Nadja Brykina Gallery
Press release of a personal exhibition of N. Markarov in Art Gallery Dresden
Afisha.ru about exhibition of N.N. Markarov Art Gallery Dresden
Арт-релиз.ру Art reliz.ru about N. Markarovs exhibition in Art Gallery Dresden
Art booth at the Art Museum of Yaroslavl. Souvenirs for the exhibition Black on White
The content of the 7th issue of Journal of Bogolyubov
Poster of Bogolyubov library, literary and musical composition of poetry and prose of Nikolai Markarov
Category:1933 births
Category:People from Baku
Category:2008 deaths
Category:Russian male sculptors
Category:Soviet sculptors
Category:20th-century sculptors |
Junu , also Romanized as Jūnū is a village in Zagheh Rural District, Zagheh District, Khorramabad County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 114, in 23 families.
References
Junu Saju Peter is the CEO of International Affairs. Private agent. Current location is unknown. Last spotted in India.
Category:Towns and villages in Khorramabad County |
Ellis is a city in Ellis County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 2,062.
History
The Kansas Pacific Railway built a water station at the site of present-day Ellis in 1867 and then purchased the site under the Homestead Act. Three years later, in 1870, the U.S. Post Office Department opened a post office at Ellis, marking the town's foundation. Kansas Pacific laid out the town in 1873, establishing a depot, a hotel, and a few shops. That same year, settlers from Syracuse, New York, and later from Louisville, Kentucky, arrived to work for the railroad. The first church opened in Ellis in 1873, the first school in 1874. Starting in 1875 and for the rest of the 1870s, Ellis was a cowtown, serving as a shipping point for cattle herds from the south. Bukovina Germans began settling in the area in 1886. Ellis incorporated as a city in January 1888.
Ellis was once a sundown town, where African Americans living in Nicodemus were not welcome after dark.
Geography
Ellis is located at 38.936211, -99.559269, at an elevation of 2,119 feet 646 m. Located in northwestern Kansas on Interstate 70, Ellis is west-northwest of Hays, the county seat. It is approximately northwest of Wichita and west of Kansas City.
Ellis lies on the western edge of the Smoky Hills region of the Great Plains. Big Creek, a tributary of the Smoky Hill River, runs east through the city and has been dammed to form a long, narrow reservoir, Big Creek Lake.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land.
Climate
On average in Ellis, January is the coolest month, and July is both the warmest month and the wettest month. The hottest temperature recorded in Ellis was 110 °F 43 °C in 2003; the coldest temperature recorded was -24 °F -31 °C in 1989.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the 2010 census, there were 2,062 people, 868 households, and 556 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,718.3 people per square mile 663.5/km². There were 959 housing units at an average density of 799.2 per square mile 299.7/km². The racial makeup of the city was 97.9 White, 0.2 African American, 1.0 from other races, and 0.8 from two or more races. Hispanics and Latinos of any race were 3.0 of the population.
There were 868 households of which 31.0 had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.6 were married couples living together, 4.0 had a male householder with no wife present, 7.4 had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.9 were non-families. 31.5 of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.5 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32, and the average family size was 2.91.
In the city, the population was spread out with 25.1 under the age of 18, 6.7 from 18 to 24, 26.0 from 25 to 44, 26.7 from 45 to 64, and 15.5 who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.6 males age 18 and over.
The median income for a household in the city was $40,682, and the median income for a family was $57,750. Males had a median income of $40,511 versus $25,982 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,568. 6.8 of families and 10.9 of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.5 of those under age 18 and 13.8 of those age 65 or over.
Economy
As of 2012, 69.3 of the population over the age of 16 was in the labor force. 1.4 was in the armed forces, and 67.9 was in the civilian labor force with 66.5 being employed and 1.5 unemployed. The composition, by occupation, of the employed civilian labor force was: 32.1 in management, business, science, and arts; 24.3 in sales and office occupations; 14.8 in production, transportation, and material moving; 14.5 in service occupations; and 14.2 in natural resources, construction, and maintenance. The three industries employing the largest percentages of the working civilian labor force were: educational services, and health care and social assistance 28.8; retail trade 14.9; and construction 11.3.
The cost of living in Ellis is relatively low; compared to a U.S. average of 100, the cost of living index for the community is 81.1. As of 2012, the median home value in the city was $85,300, the median selected monthly owner cost was $1,036 for housing units with a mortgage and $397 for those without, and the median gross rent was $564.
Government
Ellis has a mayor-council form of government with a city council consisting of six members. The mayor and all council members are elected for two-year terms. The council meets on the first and third Mondays of each month.
Ellis lies within Kansas's 1st U.S. Congressional District. For the purposes of representation in the Kansas Legislature, the city is located in the 40th district of the Kansas Senate and the 110th district of the Kansas House of Representatives.
Education
Primary and secondary education
Unified School District 388 is based in Ellis and operates two public schools in the city:
Washington Grade School Grades K-6
Ellis High School 7-12
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Salina oversees one Catholic school in Ellis: St. Mary Grade School Pre-K-6.
The Ellis Railroaders have won the following Kansas State High School championships:
1985 Boys Track & Field - Class 3A
2009 Girls Track & Field - Class 2A
2016 Speech - Class 2A
2017 Speech - Class 2A
2018 Speech - Class 2A
Infrastructure
Transportation
Interstate 70 and U.S. Route 40 run concurrently east-west immediately north of Ellis. Kansas Highway 247 K-247 runs north-south from I-70 to 3rd Street in northern Ellis.
Union Pacific Railroad operates one freight rail line, the Kansas Pacific KP line, through Ellis. It runs east-west through the city.
Utilities
The city government's Public Works department is responsible for sanitation, sewer maintenance, and water provision and distribution. Midwest Energy, Inc. provides electricity to local residents. Eagle Communications and Golden Belt Telephone provide landline telephone service and offer cable television. Most residents use natural gas for heating fuel; service is provided by Midwest Energy, Inc.
Media
The Ellis Review is the local newspaper, published weekly.
Ellis is in the Wichita-Hutchinson, Kansas television market.
Culture
Points of interest
Ellis is the site of Walter P. Chrysler Boyhood Home and Museum. Chrysler, founder of the Chrysler Corporation, grew up in Ellis. When he was 17, he began his career working in the railroad roundhouse, where he became a machinist's apprentice and developed his expertise for metal working and machinery. In the summer of 1993, the Chrysler Corporation recognized Chrysler's hometown by sponsoring a parade and Chrysler festival, attended by several members of the Chrysler family. A prototype Dodge Viper was loaned to the museum for one year.
Founded in 1994, the Ellis Railroad Museum features items and photographs from Ellis's railroading past. A model train exhibit is also on display. Outside the museum is a miniature railroad that runs on a one-mile 1.6 km loop track, called the BK&E Railroad. This stands for the Buddy King and Ellis Railroad, named for its primary donor the late Francis Buddy King, a former mayor of Ellis who died in office in 1994.
Notable people
Notable individuals who were born in and/or have lived in Ellis include:
Walter Chrysler 1875-1940, founder of the Chrysler Corporation
Gallery
Historic Images of Ellis, Special Photo Collections at Wichita State University Library
References
Further reading
Guide Map of the Best and Shortest Cattle Trail to the Kansas Pacific Railway; Kansas Pacific Railway Company; 1875. Read OnlineMap
External links
City
City of Ellis
Ellis - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
Ellis USD 388, local public school district
St. Mary's Elementary, private catholic school
Historical
Ellis Railroad Museum
Pictures
Historic Images of Ellis, Wichita State University Library
Maps
Ellis City Map, KDOT
Topo Map of Ellis area, USGS
Category:Bukovina German diaspora
Category:Cities in Kansas
Category:German-American culture in Kansas
Category:Cities in Ellis County, Kansas
Category:1870 establishments in Kansas
Category:Sundown towns in Kansas |
Ricwin, Ricuin, Richwin, or Richovin died 25 June 841 was the Count of Nantes from 831 to 841. A Rihwinus comes witnessed the will of Charlemagne in 811.
A fidelis of Louis the Pious, Ricwin was named count in the Nantais and the Breton March after the exile of Lambert I. In 832, with Rainier, Bishop of Vannes, he opposed the creation of Redon Abbey by Saint Conwoïon, supported by Nominoë. Ricwin died in the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye fighting on the side of Charles the Bald.
Category:841 deaths
Category:Medieval French nobility
Category:9th-century French people
Category:Year of birth unknown |
La Habana Airport is an airport northeast of San Pedro, a village in the Beni Department of Bolivia.
See also
Transport in Bolivia
List of airports in Bolivia
References
External links
OpenStreetMap - La Habana Airport
HERE/Nokia - La Habana
Category:Airports in Bolivia
Category:Bolivia transport-related lists |
Federico Visconti 16171693 was an Italian Cardinal and Archbishop of Milan from 1681 to 1693.
Early life
Federico Visconti was born in Milan on 4 December 1617, to count Carlo of the House of Visconti, last of six brothers. He studied in the College of Brera in Milan and later he was admitted at the Collegio Borromeo in Pavia and graduated in law at the University of Bologna. Advised by his uncle Francesco Borromeo, bishop of Cremona, he entered in the clerical state and moved to Rome. However he soon returned to Milan, where he served as diocesan priest. In 1644 he became a lawyer, from 1646 to 1662 he was primicerio third position of the chapter of the Cathedral of Milan, from 1651 to 1652 prefect of Biblioteca Ambrosiana.
In 1658 he was sent to Rome by the chapter of the Cathedral, where Pope Alexander VII appointed him referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature. Entered in the administration of the Papal States, he served as governor of Tivoli, Città di Castello and Montalto. Returned in 1667 to Rome, he became an auditor judge of the Roman Rota, an office he held until 1681.
Archbishop of Milan
On 23 June 1681 Federico Visconti was appointed Archbishop of Milan. He was consecrated bishop on 10 August 1681 in Rome by the hands of Cardinal Gasparo di Carpegna. On 1 September of the same year he was appointed Cardinal Priest of Santi Bonifacio e Alessio, and he made his solemn entrance in Milan as Archbishop on next 11 January 1682.
Federico Visconti was a typical bishop shaped by the Counter-Reformation. He took very seriously his service, condemned the licentious uses of the population and fought the Protestantism in Valtellina, erecting a sanctuary in Lezzeno and forbidding almost any contact of the population with the Protestant soldiers who passed throughout North Italy.
Following the example of Saint Charles Borromeo, he visited, from 1682 to 1689, all the 67 pieves which composed the large diocese, and in September 1687 he celebrated the 37th diocesan synod.
Federico Visconti maintained good relations with the Spanish government who ruled the Duchy of Milan, and with this aim he waived the right of asylum in the churches for the deserters, and he asked the population to support with offerings the Battle of Vienna against the Ottoman Empire.
He participated in the Conclaves of 1689 and 1691, but he was forced due to an illness to leave the Conclave before the election of the pope. He died in Milan on 7 January 1693, and his remains were buried in the north nave of the Cathedral of Milan.
References
Category:1617 births
Category:1693 deaths
Category:Archbishops of Milan
Category:17th-century Roman Catholic archbishops
Category:Italian cardinals
Federico
Category:Burials at Milan Cathedral |
Azagny virus AZGV is an Orthohantavirus found in West African pygmy shrews. The virus was named after the Azagny National Park, where some sample collecting occurred.
References
Category:Hantaviridae |
Arje is a village and municipality in Gulmi District in the Lumbini Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2239 persons living in 427 individual households.
References
External links
UN map of the municipalities of Gulmi District
Category:Populated places in Gulmi District |
Hollywood Chainsaw Hookers is a 1988 American comedy horror B-movie directed by Fred Olen Ray, and starring Gunnar Hansen, Linnea Quigley, Jay Richardson and Michelle Bauer.
Plot summary
When private detective Jack Chandler Jay Richardson tries to track down a teenage runaway Linnea Quigley, he runs into a cult of Egyptian chainsaw-worshipping prostitutes led by The Master Gunnar Hansen.
Cast
Linnea Quigley as Samantha
Gunnar Hansen as The Stranger
Jay Richardson as Jack Chandler
Dawn Wildsmith as Lori
Michelle Bauer as Mercedes
Esther Elise as Lisa
Tricia Burns as Ilsa
Fox Harris as Hermie
Jimmy Williams as Bo
Dukey Flyswatter as Jake The Bartender
Dennis Mooney as Mick Harris
Release
At the time, the UK video release was not allowed to have the word Chainsaw in the title, so the film was released simply as Hollywood Hookers a drawing of a chainsaw replaced the missing word on the cover sleeve.
Production
The film begins with the disclaimer The chainsaws used in this motion picture are real and dangerous! They are handled here by seasoned professionals. The makers of this motion picture advise strongly against anyone attempting to perform these stunts at home. Especially if you are naked and about to engage in strenuous sex. The film ends with the promise of the sequel Student Chainsaw Nurses, which was never made.
Reception
Hollywood Chainsaw Hookers received mixed reviews from critics and audiences, earning a Rotten Tomatoes Want-To-See score of 33.
Home media
Hollywood Chainsaw Hookers has been released on VHS, DVD and Blu-ray format.
In the United States, the film was released in a '20th Anniversary Widescreen Edition' DVD on August 5, 2008. It was made available on Blu-ray in two individual editions on January 9, 2015, with a standard edition and a signed 'Special Limited Edition' of 1000 copies.
In the United Kingdom, the film was released on DVD on July 10, 2000. 88 Films has released the film on Blu-ray on March 23, 2015 as part of the 'Slasher Classics Collection'. It is placed at #6 in the collection and like the other released in the collection it contains a reversible sleeve.
Sources
References
External links
Hollywood Chainsaw Hookers at BadMovies.org
Category:Films directed by Fred Olen Ray
Category:1988 films
Category:American films
Category:English-language films
Category:1988 horror films
Category:American comedy horror films
Category:Transgender-related films
Category:1980s slasher films
Category:Slasher comedy films
Category:American slasher films
Category:American exploitation films |
Harold Orlob 3 June 1883 25 June 1982 was a native of Logan, Utah who became a major composer and lyricist for Broadway theatre productions.
He composed his best-known song I Wonder Who's Kissing Her Now in 1909, with lyrics by Will M. Hough and Frank R. Adams, selling the song to Joseph E. Howard. When the song unexpectedly became a hit, Howard presented it as his own work for several years.
Orlob became a prolific composer for Broadway. Among his works were the short run of Corianton: An Aztec Lovestory, a work pushed through by Orestes U. Bean's salesmanship and based on the novel Corianton by B. H. Roberts. His most successful show was Listen Lester, which ran for 272 performances between 1918 and 1919. It included the song Waiting, recorded by several artists of that era.
In 1939 Orlob produced the film ...One Third of a Nation.... Returning to Broadway musicals, in 1943 he produced Hairpin Harmony which would become a legendary flop, closing after three performances. He continued to write songs as well as a symphonic work, Recreation.
In 1947 I Wonder Who's Kissing Her Now was used as the title song of a movie about Joe Howard, leading to renewed popularity for the song. At this time Orlob brought suit to declare himself the composer, eventually reaching an out-of-court settlement with Howard for the two of them to receive joint credit. Orlob did not claim royalties.
References
External links
Harold Orlob Papers
Category:1883 births
Category:1982 deaths
Category:People from Logan, Utah
Category:American male composers
Category:American composers
Category:American Latter Day Saints
Category:American male songwriters
Category:Songwriters from Utah |
Virbia hypophaea is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1901. It is found in Costa Rica and Brazil.
Subspecies
Virbia hypophaea hypophaea Costa Rica
Virbia hypophaea tenuimargo Rothschild, 1922 Brazil
References
Category:Moths described in 1901
hypophaea |
Xanthophyllum bullatum is a species of plant in the family Polygalaceae. It is a tree endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. It is threatened by habitat loss.
References
bullatum
Category:Endemic flora of Peninsular Malaysia
Category:Trees of Peninsular Malaysia
Category:Vulnerable plants
Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
Bay City is an Australian children's television series that first screened on the Seven Network in 1993. The thirteen part series follows the lives of four children in a small city on Australia's west coast.
Bay City was produced by Douglas Stanley, directed by Andrew Prowse and Howard Rubie and written by Roger Vaughan Carr, Ken Kelso, Murray Oliver and Trevor Todd.
Cast
Michael Muntz as Mike Walker
Wendy Strehlow as Sue Walker
Christopher Fare as Steve Walker
Isla Fisher as Vanessa Walker
Rachel Goodman as Joanne Zandona
Shayne Vea as Luke Carter
See also
List of Australian television series
References
External links
Bay City at the Australian Television Information Archive
Category:Seven Network shows
Category:Australian children's television series
Category:1993 Australian television series debuts
Category:1993 Australian television series endings
Category:2010s Australian television series
Category:English-language television programs |
Wayne High School is a secondary public school with an enrollment of more than 1,600. located in Huber Heights, Ohio, north of Dayton, Ohio.
Facilities
The construction of new buildings for five elementary schools, a new junior high, and a new high school was completed in 2012. Usage of the new high school building began in January 2013.
The five elementary schools and single junior high that feed Wayne High School are as follows:
Charles Huber Elementary
Monticello Elementary
Rushmore Elementary
Valley Forge Elementary
Wright Brothers Elementary
Weisenborn Junior High
The old high school comprised seven separate single-story buildings connected by covered walkways: Filbrun Hall including the cafeteria, library, music rehearsal hall, and woodworking and metalworking shops, Hawke Hall, Storck Hall, Douglass Hall, Shank Hall, Alumni Hall, and the Gymnasium and Auditorium.
The Gymnasium and Auditorium were retained for continued usage.
The new building covers approximately 292,000 square feet. The building includes a new and larger gymnasium.
Athletics
Wayne High School competes interscholastically in boys and girls sports as a member of the Greater Western Ohio Conference GWOC.
Wayne's current athletic director and head football coach is Jay Minton.
Boys Sports
Baseball
Basketball
Bowling
Cross Country
Football
Golf
Soccer
Swimming
Tennis
Volleyball
Girls Sports
Basketball
Bowling
Cheerleading
Cross Country
Track & Field
Wrestling
Golf
Soccer
Softball
Swimming
Tennis
Track & Field
Volleyball
In its 50+ year history, Wayne's varsity football team has won several conference championships and has played in the OHSAA playoff tournament eighteen times. In 1999, 2010, 2014, and 2015, the team made it to the Division I state championship game, losing all four times. They are one of only two Division I schools in the Dayton area to play for a state championship. The other being Wayne's principal rival Centerville High School, who have advanced to the state title game only once.
Wayne High School Men's basketball won the 2015 Div 1 State Title under coach Travis Trice.
The football and soccer teams play home games at Good Samaritan Athletic Field at Heidkamp Stadium. Within the last five years renovations have been made to the stadium, which now boasts a synthetic turf surface and new seating. Plans were also made to add a permanent stadium entrance.
AFJROTC
The school also has an Air Force Junior ROTC program that was created in 1975. It is the OH-091 Ohio 91st unit. Earning distinguished unit with merit in 2018 and community service with excellence in 2019, the unit does a lot to help out their community. The cadets of the program take part in many extracurricular activities, ceremonies, and are very active in community volunteering. Activities they have include CyberPatriot, drill team, raider fitness team, drone team, Orienteering, Colour guard, and academic bowl team.
They wear the issued uniforms once a week wearing their ABU's once every 3 weeks. The JROTC program stresses military discipline, with a curriculum that emphasizes study of military science and military history. Successful completion of 2 years grants a P.E. waiver and 3 years grants a $3,000 scholarship to the community college Sinclair.
Previous squadron commanders include Lukas Yaney, Kelsey Fitzpatrick, Kristan Buchan, Madison Perry, and Muryssa Baldwin.
Ohio High School Athletic Association State Championships
Boys track and field 1995, 2000
Boys basketball - 2015
Boys Bowling - 2016
Notable alumni
Will Allen, NFL safety
Tina Bockrath, Playboy Playmate of the Month May 1990
Kelley Deal, musician
Kim Deal, musician
Dallas Egbert, sixteen-year-old child prodigy whose four-week disappearance in 1979 was incorrectly attributed to steam tunnels and Dungeons & Dragons
Marcus Freeman, former Ohio State linebacker, former NFL linebacker
Victor Heflin, former NFL defensive back
Vince Heflin, former NFL wide receiver
Mike Mickens, former NFL cornerback
Braxton Miller, former Ohio State quarterback and current wide receiver for the Cleveland Browns
George Muller, former University of Texas basketball center 1987-90
Greg Orton, former Purdue University wide receiver, former NFL wide receiver, Super Bowl Champion with the New England Patriots.
Kyle Swords, former professional soccer player
Travis Trice, former Michigan State basketball player
Larry Turner, former Eastern Kentucky offensive lineman, former NFL offensive lineman
Jerel Worthy, former Michigan State defensive tackle, NFL defensive tackle
Notes and references
External links
Wayne High School
http://www.greatschools.org/ohio/huber-heights/3956-Wayne-High-School/reviews/
Category:High schools in Montgomery County, Ohio
Category:Public high schools in Ohio |
Arnad ; Issime ; is a town and comune in the Aosta Valley region of northwestern Italy.
See also
Vallée d'Aoste Lard d'Arnad
Category:Cities and towns in Aosta Valley |
Sapolai Yao born 15 September 1982 is a Papua New Guinean long-distance runner. He competed in the 3000 metres steeplechase at the 2015 World Championships in China without reaching the final.
Competition record
Personal bests
1500 metres 4:11.48 Brisbane 2004
3000 metres 8:45.55 Brisbane 2006
5000 metres 15:28.94 Brisbane 2006
3000 metres steeplechase 9:28.00 Adelaide 2007
References
External links
Category:1982 births
Category:Living people
Category:Papua New Guinean male long-distance runners
Category:Papua New Guinean steeplechase runners
Category:World Athletics Championships athletes for Papua New Guinea
Category:Place of birth missing living people
Category:Athletes track and field at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Category:Athletes track and field at the 2010 Commonwealth Games
Category:Commonwealth Games competitors for Papua New Guinea
Category:Male steeplechase runners
Category:Oceanian Athletics Championships winners |
Vorobeytsevo is a rural locality a village in Sukhonskoye Rural Settlement, Mezhdurechensky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 7 as of 2002.
Geography
The distance to Shuyskoye is 12.5 km. Matveytsevo is the nearest rural locality.
References
Category:Rural localities in Vologda Oblast
Category:Rural localities in Mezhdurechensky District, Vologda Oblast |
The Tolyatti bus bombing occurred on October 31, 2007, during the morning rush hour when a bomb exploded on a passenger bus in Tolyatti a city in Samara Oblast. The blast killed at least 8 people and injuring about 50 in what Irina Doroshenko, a spokeswoman for the investigative wing of the local prosecutor's office, said could be a terrorist attack. At the beginning of the investigation, it was believed to be the work of terrorists from the North Caucasian Federal District. Early reports indicated possible involvement of Chechen terrorist Doku Umarov. However, the officials later named a 21-year-old Evgeny Vakhrushev, who also died in the blast, as the only person to be responsible for the tragedy.
References
Category:21st-century mass murder in Russia
Category:Attacks in 2007
Category:Mass murder in 2007
Category:Terrorist incidents in Russia in 2007
Category:Tolyatti
Category:October 2007 events in Europe |
Sakoinsé is a town in the Kokologho Department of Boulkiemdé Province in central western Burkina Faso. It has a population of 6,686. The local park is home to the town's skateboarding scene, and features several large half-pipes.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Category:Populated places in Boulkiemdé Province |
The Milwaukee Brewers served as a replacement team late in the 1884 Union Association season. Called the Cream Citys by both local papers, they had a record of 8-4. The team came to the UA from the Northwestern League, as did the St. Paul Saints, and were managed by Tom Loftus. They played their home games at the Wright Street Grounds.
Although their season was brief, it was highlighted by a 5-0 no-hitter tossed by Ed Cushman on September 28 and an 18-strikeout game by Henry Porter on Oct. 3.
They joined the new Western League for the 1885 season before folding and being replaced by a separate Milwaukee Brewers team that played the following year in the Northwestern League.
1884 season
The 1884 Milwaukee Brewers were a replacement team in the Union Association, joining the league from the Northwestern League along with the St. Paul Saints. They played their first game on September 27, going 84 to finish the season with the second-best winning percentage in the league, behind only the league champion St. Louis Maroons. This was the only season this version of the team existed, and indeed the only season the Union Association existed.
Season standings
Record vs. opponents
Roster
Player stats
Batting
Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs
Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs
Pitching
Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
References
Category:Union Association baseball teams
Category:Northwestern League teams
Category:Defunct Western League teams
Category:Baseball teams established in 1884
Category:Sports clubs disestablished in 1885
Category:1884 establishments in Wisconsin
Category:1885 disestablishments in Wisconsin
Category:Professional baseball teams in Wisconsin
Category:Baseball in Milwaukee
Category:Defunct baseball teams in Wisconsin |
Woad may refer to:
Isatis tinctoria, a flowering plant also known as glastum.
Culture and entertainment
National Anthem of the Ancient Britons, also known as Woad, a humorous song popular in the 1920s.
WOAD AM, an American radio station.
WRKS, a radio station 105.9 FM licensed to Pickens, Mississippi, United States, which held the call sign WOAD-FM from January 2004 to July 2009
Picts, referred to as woads in King Arthur 2004 film, a tribal confederation of peoples who lived in what is today eastern and northern Scotland during the Late Iron Age and Early Medieval periods,
See also
WOAD disambiguation
Wode disambiguation
Woady Yaloak River |
Naga Hills Sign Language was a village sign language of India. Early in the 20th century, a high incidence of deafness was observed among communities of the Naga hills. A sign language was used by both deaf and hearing members of the community. Ethnologist and political officer John Henry Hutton wrote:
References
Category:Village sign languages
Category:Languages of India
Category:Extinct languages of Asia
Category:Extinct sign languages |
Elections to Mid Bedfordshire District Council were held on 2 May 1991. All 53 seats were up for election.
Result
Gains and losses in the results table are compared with the 1987 district council election.
Ward Results
All results are listed below:
Figures on turnout were taken from Plymouth University's Elections Centre, which gives the number of registered voters, and the percentage turnout for each ward. The number of ballots cast for each ward was calculated from these. Percentage change in turnout is compared with the same ward in the 1987 District Council election.
The percentage of the vote for each candidate was calculated compared with the number of ballots cast in the ward. Note that in a ward with more than one seat, voters were allowed to place as many crosses on the ballot paper as seats. The percentage change for each candidate is compared with the same candidate in the 1987 District Council election.
Candidates who were members of the council before the election are marked with an asterisk.
Ampthill
Arlesey
Aspley
Biggleswade Ivel
Biggleswade Stratton
Blunham
Campton & Meppershall
Clifton & Henlow
Clophill
Cranfield
Flitton, Greenfield & Pulloxhill
Flitwick East
Flitwick West
Harlington
Haynes & Houghton Conquest
Langford
Marston
Maulden
Northill
Old Warden & Southill
Potton
Sandy All Saints
Sandy St Swithuns
Shefford
Shillington & Stondon
Stotfold
Wensley
Westoning
Woburn
Wrest
Notes
References
1991
Category:1991 English local elections |
Tommaso Cascella 18901968 was an Italian painter, known for brightly colored landscapes.
Biography
He was born in Ortona in the Abruzzo. He trained in the Liceo Artistico of Giuseppe Misticoni. His younger siblings, Basilio, Michele 19071941, and Gioacchino were all painters. Tommaso traveled to Paris in 1909. Their house in Pescara is now the Museo Basilio Cascella.
References
Category:1890 births
Category:1968 deaths
Category:People from Ortona
Category:20th-century Italian painters
Category:Italian male painters |
Sitež is a settlement in the Municipality of Majšperk in northeastern Slovenia. It lies in the Haloze Hills on the regional road from Majšperk to Žetale. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Drava Statistical Region.
References
External links
Sitež at Geopedia
Category:Populated places in the Municipality of Majšperk |
Jean-Claude Amoureux born 4 March 1956 is a French sprinter. He competed in the men's 100 metres at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
References
Category:1956 births
Category:Living people
Category:Athletes track and field at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Category:French male sprinters
Category:Olympic athletes of France
Category:Place of birth missing living people |
Voalavo is a genus of rodent in the subfamily Nesomyinae, found only in Madagascar. Two species are known, both of which occur in mountain forest above 1250 m 4100 ft altitude; the northern voalavo lives in northern Madagascar and eastern voalavo is restricted to a small area in the central part of the island. The genus was discovered in 1994 and formally described in 1998. Within Nesomyinae, it is most closely related to the genus Eliurus, and DNA sequence data suggest that the current definitions of these two genera need to be changed.
Species of Voalavo are small, gray, mouse-like rodents, among the smallest nesomyines. They lack the distinctive tuft of long hairs on the tail that is characteristic of Eliurus. The tail is long and females have six mammae. In Voalavo, there are two glands on the chest absent in Eliurus that produce a sweet-smelling musk in breeding males. In the skull, the facial skeleton is long and the braincase is smooth. The incisive foramina openings in the front part of the palate are long and the bony palate itself is smooth. The molars are somewhat hypsodont high-crowned, though less so than in Eliurus, and the third molars are reduced in size and complexity.
Taxonomy
A specimen of the genus was first collected in 1994 in Anjanaharibe-Sud, northern Madagascar. The genus was named Voalavo in 1998 by Michael Carleton and Steven Goodman, with a single species, the type northern voalavo, restricted to the Northern Highlands of Madagascar. The generic name Voalavo is a Malagasy word for rodent. A second species, eastern voalavo, was named by Goodman and colleagues in 2005 from the region of Anjozorobe in the Central Highlands. The two Voalavo species are closely related and quite similar, but differ in various subtle morphological characters mainly measurements and by 10 in the sequence of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b.
Voalavo is part of the subfamily Nesomyinae, which includes nine genera that are all restricted to Madagascar. Before the discoveries of Monticolomys published in 1996 and Voalavo 1998, all of the known genera within Nesomyinae were quite distinct from each other, so much so that phylogenetic relationships among them long remained obscure. Like Monticolomys closely related to Macrotarsomys, however, Voalavo shows clear similarities to another nesomyine genus, Eliurus. In their description of Voalavo, Carleton and Goodman argued that, although closely related, Eliurus and Voalavo form separate monophyletic groups; but a 1999 molecular phylogenetic study by Sharon Jansa and colleagues, who compared cytochrome b sequences among nesomyines and other rodents, found that northern voalavo was more closely related to Grandidier's tufted-tailed rat than to other species of Eliurus. This finding called into question the separate generic status of Voalavo. However, tissue samples of Petter's tufted-tailed rat, a species that is thought to be closely related to Grandidier's tufted-tailed rat, were not available, so this species could not be included in the study. Data from nuclear genes also supports the relationship between northern voalavo and Grandidier's tufted-tailed rat, but Petter's tufted-tailed rat remains genetically unstudied and the taxonomic issue has not been resolved.
Molecular phylogenetic analysis of nuclear DNA supports a close relationship between Eliurus, Voalavo, and two other nesomyine genera, Gymnuromys and Brachytarsomys. These genera are more distantly related to the other nesomyine genera and even more distantly to the other subfamilies of the family Nesomyidae, which occur in mainland Africa.
Description
Voalavo is a small rodent resembling a mouse with gray fur. Species of the genus are among the smallest known nesomyines, close in size only to Monticolomys koopmani. In terms of external morphology, Voalavo is barely different from Eliurus; fur coloration patterns, general morphology of the feet, and number of mammae six are all the same in both genera. However, all species of Eliurus have a pronounced tuft of elongated hairs at the tip of the tail, a feature that is absent in Voalavo, although the latter does have slightly longer hairs near the tip. The tail is longer than the head and body. Relative tail length in northern voalavo 136 of head and body length is comparable to that of the longest-tailed species of Eliurus, Grandidier's tufted-tailed rat and Petter's tufted-tailed rat, but V. antsahabensis has a somewhat shorter tail. Furthermore, the pads of the feet are larger in Eliurus, and specifically, the thenar pad located at the middle of the tarsus is circular and fairly small in Voalavo, but longer and larger in Eliurus. On the chest, Voalavo species have a gland that produces a sweet-swelling musk in breeding males; this gland is absent in Eliurus. Unlike all other nesomyines but Brachyuromys, Voalavo lacks an entepicondylar foramen, an opening on the humerus upper forelimb bone.
The skull of Voalavo also resembles that of Eliurus, with a long facial skeleton, an hourglass-shaped interorbital region between the eyes, and a smooth interorbital region and braincase, without ridges or shelves. Other shared characteristics include an essentially featureless bony palate, without many pits and ridges, and a broad mesopterygoid fossa the opening behind the palate. In other characteristics, Voalavo resembles some but not all species of Eliurus. For example, the length of the incisive foramina matches the maximum seen in Eliurus species in this case, in Major's tufted-tailed rat and White-tipped tufted-tailed rat. The back margin of the incisive foramen is rounded in eastern voalavo, but angular in northern voalavo. The two species also differ in the shape of the suture dividing line between the maxillary and palatine bones, which is straight in eastern voalavo, but more curved in northern voalavo. The capsular process, a projection at the back of the mandible lower jaw that houses the root of the lower incisor, is indistinct in Voalavo, a feature it shares with Grandidier's tufted-tailed rat, Major's tufted-tailed rat, and Petter's tufted-tailed rat, but not the other species of Eliurus.
Other features of the skull distinguish the two genera. The tegmen tympani, the roof of the tympanic cavity, is much reduced in Voalavo relative to Eliurus. The subsquamosal fenestrae, openings in the squamosal bone at the back of the skull, are larger in Voalavo than in Eliurus. The zygomatic plate, a plate at the sides of the skull that roots the front part of the zygomatic arches cheekbones, is narrower in Voalavo, and lacks a clear zygomatic notch a notch formed by a projection at the front of the zygomatic plate, which is present in Eliurus. Among nesomyines, only Brachytarsomys has a more reduced zygomatic notch.
Like Eliurus, Voalavo has moderately high-crowned hypsodont molars with crowns that consist not of discrete cusps, but of transverse laminae plates that generally lack longitudinal connections. However, Eliurus molars are slightly more hypsodont than those of Voalavo. The third upper and lower molars are smaller relative to the second molars in Voalavo than in Eliurus. Perhaps as a consequence, the upper third molar lacks discrete laminae in Voalavo, and the lower third molar has only two laminae three in Eliurus. There are three roots under each upper molar and two under each lower.
Distribution and ecology
Both species of Voalavo occur in montane forest. Northern voalavo is restricted to the Northern Highlands, where it is found at altitude in Marojejy and Anjanaharibe-Sud. The known range of eastern voalavo is restricted to the vicinity of Anjozorobe at altitude. Although most of the between the ranges of the two species consists of montane forestsuitable habitat for Voalavothe area is bisected by the low-lying Mandritsara Window, which may serve as a barrier between the two species. Subfossil remains of Voalavo have been found in the former Mahajanga Province northwestern Madagascar.
Very little is known of the ecology of eastern voalavo, but northern voalavo is thought to be largely terrestrial with some scansorial tree-climbing abilities. It is active during the night, bears up to three young per litter, and probably eats fruits and seeds. Various parasites have been recorded on northern voalavo, including mites and Eimeria.
Conservation status
Because eastern voalavo has a small range that is threatened by the practice of slash-and-burn agriculture known in Madagascar as tavy, it is listed on the IUCN Red List as Endangered. Although V. gymnocaudus also has a small range, it is mostly within protected areas, and this species is therefore listed as Least Concern.
References
Literature cited
Category:Voalavo
Category:Mammals of Madagascar
Category:Taxa named by Steven M. Goodman
Category:Rodent genera |
Amaninatakilebte was a Meroitic king who ruled in the 6th century, probably between 538 to 519 BC at Napata. He succeeded King Analmaye and was in turn succeeded by King Karkamani. Like others of his dynasty, he was discovered buried among the pyramid chambers at Nuri, specifically Nuri 10. These remains, along with engraved blocks at Meroe, are the only known records of the ruler. Also significant is the gold cylinder discovered with the ruler in this pyramid, not unlike those found buried with King Aspelta in Nuri 8, but the function of which remains obscure.
According to Herodotus, the Persian King, Cambyses attempted an invasion of Meroe in about 525 BC that possibly occurred during the reign of Amaninatakilebte.
References
Category:6th-century BC monarchs of Kush
Category:Kings of Kush |
Sun Zhaoliang ; born 28 May 1996 is a Chinese footballer who currently plays for Liaoning FC in the China League One.
Club career
Sun Zhaoliang went to Portugal for further training as a part of the Chinese Football Association's Project in 2011. He played for Pombal, Real Massamá and Sacavenense's youth academy between 2011 and 2015. Sun made his senior debut with Campeonato de Portugal club Pinhalnovense in the 201516 season. He moved to fellow Campeonato de Portuga side União Torreense in July 2016.
On 24 January 2017, Sun returned to China and signed a contract with his hometown club Liaoning FC in the Chinese Super League. He made his debut for Liaoning on 21 April 2017 in a 21 away defeat against Guangzhou Evergrande as the benefit of the new rule of the league that at least one Under-23 player must be in the starting line-up and was substituted off in the 18th minute. In January 2018, his former club Changchun Yatai submitted a claim to the Chinese Football Association for his ownership.
Career statistics
Statistics accurate as of match played 3 November 2018.
References
External links
Category:1996 births
Category:Living people
Category:Chinese footballers
Category:Footballers from Shenyang
Category:C.D. Pinhalnovense players
Category:S.C.U. Torreense players
Category:Liaoning F.C. players
Category:Portuguese Second Division players
Category:Chinese Super League players
Category:China League One players
Category:Association football forwards
Category:Chinese expatriate footballers
Category:Expatriate footballers in Portugal
Category:Chinese expatriate sportspeople in Portugal |
Dennis Powell 12 December 1924 - 27 May 1993 was a Welsh boxer who fought between 1946 and 1954. Powell became Welsh area champion in both light heavyweight and heavyweight divisions in 1949, holding onto the heavyweight title until beaten by Tommy Farr in 1951. He remained Welsh light heavyweight champion throughout his career and in 1953 he challenged for the British light heavyweight title vacated by Randolph Turpin, taking the belt after defeating George Walker.
Boxing career
Powell began fighting professionally in the mid-1940s and his first recorded fight was against Tommy Smythe of Ireland on 17 December 1946. During 1947 he fought on four occasions, mainly in the Midlands and Liverpool area of England, despite remaining based in the village of Four Crosses in Wales. His early career was fairly successful, finishing 1947 without loss. He continued this success into 1948 with a victory over Jack 'Red' O'Hara on 8 January, but then lost to Jeff Morris of Mansfield who, despite having never won a fight in ten attempts, put Powell down ten times in a four-round bout. Powell fared no better in his next two matches, losing both on points, before knocking out Danny O'Brien in Chester in February.
On 16 February 1948 Powell faced Gerry McDermott, who later that year would become Irish heavyweight champion. Powell failed to last a round, being counted out. His form continued to fluctuate throughout the rest of the year, failing to string two wins together until he defeated Allan Cooke and Len Bennett in December. Those two victories were the start of the most successful period of Powell's professional career, with a run of 13 wins. This period also saw Powell fighting more in his home country of Wales, beating future Welsh middleweight champion Tommy Davies on his way to challenging Jack Farr for the Wales light heavyweight title. Farr had held the Welsh title since April 1948, and the two men met at Newtown in Powys on 9 July 1949. Despite giving away ten and a half pounds to his opponent, Powell stopped Farr in the first round to take the title. Within a month Powell took a second Welsh title when he challenged George James for the Welsh heavyweight belt. His stoppage of James in the second round gave him the championship title and ended James' career. In November 1949, Powell made his only defense of his Welsh light heavyweight title, beating Swansea based fighter Doug Richards. He ended the year with a points decision win over Australian Jackie Marr at the Royal Albert Hall in London, an undercard fight to the British bantamweight contest between Teddy Gardner and Danny O'Sullivan.
In early 1950, Powell faced Southern area champion and British title hopeful Mark Hart, beating the London-based fighter on points. Powell then faced a string of over-seas fighters including Bernardo Pacini Italy, American Mel Brown United States, Jean Declercq Belgium and Dutch champion Willy Schagen. Although Powell beat Pacini and Declercq, he was outclassed twice by Schagen, and despite a valiant comeback after being floored early on by Brown, a cut eye forced him to retire against the Minnesota fighter. 1951 saw Powell take three victories in the first half of the year, including a points decision over Victor d'Haes, who just six months later would become the Belgian light heavyweight champion. Then on 7 July, Powell faced Tommy Farr in a defense of his Welsh heavyweight title. The bout was scheduled for twelve rounds and, unusually, was held outside Wales in Shropshire. Powell lasted until the sixth round but lost via a technical knockout.
1952 was a more productive year for Powell. He fought regularly throughout the year and recorded wins over South African Billy Wood and then future Midlands area champion Don Scott, before finally beating Northern Ireland's Paddy Slavin, an opponent he had failed to defeat on their previous two encounters. Just two weeks after beating Slavin, Powell faced another fighter from Northern Ireland, Garnett Denny. The Denny fight went the distance with the decision going against Powell. A rematch was quickly arranged and two months later they met again in Newtown, this time the result went to Powell with Denny being disqualified in the third round. He finished the year with victories over George Walker and Dennis Lockton.
In 1953 Randolph Turpin vacated his light heavyweight British title, leaving the title open. Powell and Walker were selected to challenge for the belt and on the 25 March 1953 the two men met at The Stadium in Liverpool. The fight was scheduled for 15 rounds but the referee stopped the contest in the eleventh with the decision going to Powell making him the British light heavyweight champion. The championship match was a vicious and bloody affair and it took its toll on both boxers. Walker was badly injured and fought only a few times more before retiring to become a minder for East End gangster Billy Hill, while Powell required twenty stitches to his face and in the eyes of one observer was never quite the same man again. Just seven months after taking the title, Powell was challenged for his British title by Alex Buxton. The fight failed to reach the distance, with Powell losing by technical knockout in the tenth. He fought professionally just twice more, ending his career with a loss to Polly Smith in July 1954.
See also
List of British light-heavyweight boxing champions
References
External links
Category:1924 births
Category:1993 deaths
Category:Welsh male boxers
Category:Sportspeople from Abergavenny
Category:Light-heavyweight boxers |
The 1965 Richmond Spiders football team represented the University of Richmond in the 1965 NCAA football season. The Spiders were led by 15th year head coach Ed Merrick and played their home games at City Stadium. They were members of the Southern Conference. The 1965 campaign marked Merrick's final year as head coach after Richmond finished with a winless 010 06 SoCon record.
Schedule
References
Richmond
Category:Richmond Spiders football seasons
Category:College football winless seasons
Richmond Spiders f |
REDIRECT Virginia State Route 14 |
Elpis, minor planet designation: 59 Elpis, is a large main belt asteroid that orbits the Sun with a period of 4.47 years. It is a C-type asteroid, meaning that it is very dark and carbonaceous in composition. In the Tholen scheme it has a classification of CP, while Bus and Binzen class it as type B.
Elpis was discovered by Jean Chacornac from Paris, on September 12, 1860. It was Chacornac's sixth and final asteroid discovery.
A controversy arose over the naming of Elpis. Urbain Le Verrier, director of the Paris Observatory, at first refused to allow Chacornac to name the object, because Leverrier was promoting a plan to reorganize asteroid nomenclature by naming them after their discoverers, rather than mythological figures. A protest arose among astronomers. At the Vienna Observatory, Edmund Weiss, who had been studying the asteroid, asked the observatory's director, Karl L. Littrow, to name it. Littrow chose Elpis, a Greek personification of hope, in reference to the favorable political conditions in Europe at the time. In 1862, Leverrier permitted Chacornac to choose a name, and he selected Olympia at the suggestion of John Russell Hind. However, Elpis is the name that stuck.
Elpis has been studied by radar.
References
External links
Category:Background asteroids
Elpis
Elpis
Elpis
Category:CP-type asteroids Tholen
Category:B-type asteroids SMASS
18600912 |
Sir James Boleyn died 1561 was a courtier in the reign of Henry VIII of England and chancellor of the household of his niece, Anne Boleyn, the second wife of Henry VIII. He was thus the granduncle of Elizabeth I. James was the son of Sir William Boleyn and his wife, Lady Margaret Butler. His eldest brother was Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire.
Marriage
James married Elizabeth Wood, who was one of the principal witnesses against their niece, Anne Boleyn, when she was arrested for adultery, incest and conspirining to kill the king. James is described as someone who shared Anne Boleyn's reformist beliefs. He and the king debated scripture with Hugh Latimer.
James died in 1561.
References
Retha M. Warnicke, 1989, The Rise and Fall of Anne Boleyn, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989, p. 157
Category:English courtiers
James
Category:Year of birth unknown
Category:Knights Bachelor
Category:Members of the Parliament of England for Norfolk
Category:16th-century English people |
Zoltowski, Żółtowski is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Frank B. Zoltowski, Australian astronomer
Maciej Żółtowski born 1971, Polish conductor
Marceli Żółtowski 18121901, Polish politician |
Austrarchaea harmsi is a species of spider in the family Archaeidae. It is endemic to Australia.
References
Category:Spiders described in 2011
Category:Archaeidae |
Scenic Roots is an album by the progressive bluegrass Maryland band The Seldom Scene.
Track listing
If You Ever Change Your Mind Carl Jackson, Stuart 02:07
Lots in a Memory Wes Golding 03:41
The Wrath of God Delmore, Delmore 02:34
Before I Met You Lewis, Rader, Seitz 03:13
Red Georgia Clay Coleman, Pyrtle 02:25
I've Cried My Last Tear over You Delmore, Jackson 02:57
Not in My Arms Coleman, Pyrtle 02:24
Highway of Heartache Carl Jackson, Rushing 03:17
Long Black Veil Dill, Wilkin 04:12
Last Call to Glory Duffey 02:38
Distant Train Coleman, Pyrtle 02:24
How Mountain Girls Can Love Rakes 02:06
Personnel
Lou Reid - vocals, guitar, mandolin
John Duffey - mandolin, vocals
Ben Eldridge - banjo, guitar, vocals
Mike Auldridge - Dobro, guitar, vocals
T. Michael Coleman - bass, vocals
References
External links
Official site
Category:1990 albums
Category:The Seldom Scene albums
Category:Sugar Hill Records bluegrass albums |
Nancy Levinson is an editor and writer working at the intersection of journalism, scholarship, architecture, and urbanism. She has been the editor and executive director of Places journal since 2008. She was the Founding Director of the Phoenix Urban Research Lab at The Design School at Arizona State University, and a founding editor of Harvard Design Magazine at the Harvard Graduate School of Design.
Education
Levinson gained her BA from Yale University and her Master of Architecture from the University of Pennsylvania.
Career
Levinson began her career with a short period in architectural practice before moving into architectural journalism. She has published in a wide range of media, both professional and scholarly, including the Journal of Planning Literature, Yale Journal of Architecture, I.D., Metropolis, Landscape Architecture, The Christian Science Monitor, and Architectural Record, for which she was a contributing editor. She has also edited books for the Princeton Architectural Press and contributed chapters to Architecture and Film, edited by Mark Lamster, and Judging Architectural Value. Levinson also spent a period as editor in the archives at the Canadian Centre for Architecture.
In 1997 Levinson co-founded Harvard Design Magazine, the biannual publication of the Harvard University Graduate School of Design, with William Saunders, and continued co-editing the publication until 2001. Issues she directed and edited addressed a wide range of topics, including metropolitan form, monuments, spectacle culture, and post-communist Eastern Europe. From September 2004 until November 2006 Levinson wrote Pixel Points for the Arts Journal, an early manifestation of architectural blogging.
Levinson became the founding director of the Phoenix Urban Research Lab and Professor of Practice at the Design School at Arizona State University in 2007. She was appointed editor of Places Journal in 2008, replacing long-time editor Donlyn Lyndon, and maintained both roles until she was appointed full-time at Places.
Levinson also contributes to architectural culture as a design juror and public speaker.
Editorial practice
Levinson focuses on the opportunities presented by digital and online media for reaching new audiences and expanding the impact of scholarly work. Under Levinsons editorship, Places moved from print to online and built a substantial and wide-ranging interdisciplinary readership. Levinson has expanded the mandate of the journal under the tagline Public scholarship on architecture, landscape, and urbanism. Her editorial direction is described as harnessing the moral and investigative power of public scholarship to promote equitable cities and sustainable landscapes.
Levinson has led funding campaigns to support the research and publication on topics that might not otherwise be addressed. This has resulted in funding from the Graham Foundation for three initiatives History of the Present: Cities in Transition, Future Archive and the Writers Fund. The Inequality Chronicles, a series investigating racial, social and economic inequality in American cities, was funded by The Kresge Foundation.
Levinson has also used Places as a foundation on which to build a range of related enterprises that seek to expand participation, readership and the dissemination of scholarship on the built environment. Initiatives include Places Books, a collaboration between Places and Princeton Architectural Press. The first in the series is Where are the Women Architects? by Despina Stratigakos, which has been well received across academia and the architectural profession. The Places Reading List is a collaborative tool that allows readers to share knowledge and generate content.
References
Category:Year of birth missing living people
Category:Living people
Category:Architecture critics
Category:American editors
Category:Women editors
Category:American architecture writers
Category:Women architects
Category:University of Pennsylvania alumni
Category:Yale University alumni |
Eugenia koolauensis, commonly known as Koolau eugenia or nioi, is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it could previously be found on the islands of Molokai and Oahu; today populations only exist on the latter. This is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.
This is one of two Eugenia species native to Hawaii, and the only endemic. It is a shrub or tree grows 2 to 7 meters tall. The tips of the branches and the undersides of the leaves are hairy. White flowers occur in the leaf axils
Habitat
It inhabits dry gulches and ridges in coastal mesic and mixed mesic forests on the Koolau and Waianae Ranges. Associated plant species include maile Alyxia oliviformis, ahakea lau nui Bobea elatior, Carex meyenii, uluhe Dicranopteris linearis, kōlea lau nui Myrsine lessertiana, olopua Nestegis sandwicensis, hala pepe Pleomele halapepe, ālaa Pouteria sandwicensis, alahee Psydrax odorata, hao Rauvolfia sandwicensis, and pūkiawe Styphelia tameiameiae.
It is threatened by habitat loss and recently Puccinia psidii, a non-native fungal disease.
In 2008 there were fewer than 300 mature plants in the Koolau Range and only three in the Waianae Range. It is extirpated from the island of Molokai, where its former habitat was cleared for pineapple fields.
Gallery
References
External links
koolauensis
Category:Plants described in 1932
Category:Endemic flora of Hawaii
Category:Trees of Hawaii
Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
Kathy Jordan and Martina Navratilova were the defending champions but only Navratilova competed that year with Lori McNeil.
McNeil and Navratilova lost in the final 67, 62, 64 against Katrina Adams and Zina Garrison.
Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.
Lori McNeil / Martina Navratilova Final
Katrina Adams / Zina Garrison Champions
Rosalyn Fairbank / Candy Reynolds Quarterfinals
Penny Barg / Mercedes Paz Semifinals
Draw
References
1988 Virginia Slims of Houston Doubles Draw
Category:Virginia Slims of Houston
Category:1988 WTA Tour
Virginia Slims of Houston
Category:1988 in American tennis |
Dolichoderus doriae is a species of ant in the genus Dolichoderus. It was described by Emery in 1887.
Distribution and habitat
Colonies occur in areas with heavy forests and will inhabit both wet and dry sclerophyll in New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory and Victoria.
Nests are commonly under soil or around the edges of stones and branches that appear on ground level, or in some cases will nest in rotten wood at bases of trees, and during warm weather workers and their brood will form balls on ground surfaces, and will forage in trails on the ground or on trees.
References
Category:Dolichoderus
Category:Hymenoptera of Australia
Category:Insects described in 1887 |
Baad Bhanjyang is a village and former Village Development Committee that is now part of Chandragiri Municipality in Kathmandu District in Province No. 3 of central Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 3,779 and had 817 houses in it.
References
Category:Populated places in Kathmandu District |
The East Arm Little Calumet River, also known as the Little Calumet River East Branch, is a portion of the Little Calumet River that begins just east of Holmesville, Indiana in New Durham Township in LaPorte County and flows west to Porter County and the Port of Indiana-Burns Waterway.
History
Although its origins are unclear, the Calumet name seems to reflect the nature of the river. It may have come from the Old French word chalemel, which has to do with reeds, or it might be a corruption of the Potawatomi word gekelemuk, which means a low body of deep still water.
In 1822 Joseph Bailly born Honore Gratien Joseph Bailly de Messein established a homestead and fur trading business at the now historic Bailly Homestead, a part of Indiana Dunes National Park, on the east bank of the Little Calumet River in Porter, Indiana. The Potawatomis brought the beaver pelts by canoe to Bailly in the spring of the year and then he shipped them to Mackinac, from whence they were traded to Montreal and then Europe. By 1830, the beavers were depleted and Bailly opened a tavern on the Fort Dearborn to Detroit Road present day U.S. Hwy. 12. The fur trading era in northwestern Indiana had come to an end.
Until 1926 the river continued west to Illinois as the Little Calumet River proper, but excavation of the Burns Waterway caused the flow from the eastern arm of the Little Calumet River to be diverted directly into Lake Michigan at Burns Harbor, Indiana.
Watershed and course
The East Arm of the Little Calumet River flows west under the Indiana Toll Road and into Round Lake at Holmesville, then is joined by Carver Ditch on the right, and then on the left by Reynolds Creek, Sand Creek, Coffee Creek, Salt Creek and by the Little Calumet River west arm, then exits via the Burns Waterway into Lake Michigan.
The watershed begins in the physiographic unit known as the Valparaiso Morainal Area. The Valparaiso Moraine, located south of the Lacustrine Plain, is an arc-shaped moraine complex that parallels the southern shore of Lake Michigan. The moraine divides LaPorte and Porter County into northern and southern drainage areas. The area north drains into Lake Michigan; south of the moraine water drains to the Kankakee River. Numerous kettle lakes sit on the moraine.
Habitat and wildlife
A great blue heron Ardea herodias rookery was protected and made part of the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore in 1980. The herons, numbering 98 nesting pairs as of 2001, have made their home on the eastern portion of the wet woods along the Little Calumet River for more than 60 years. They return to the region after wintering in the southeast and south central States.
Beaver Castor canadensis were hunted for their fur since the era of the French trappers only to be extirpated from Indiana in the nineteenth century. In 1935 re-introductions of Wisconsin and Michigan beaver into Indiana were successful and the aquatic herbivorous mammal was spotted in the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore beginning in 1968. Whitaker reported in 1994 that beaver were trapped in the river north of Chesterton and that he had found signs of beaver in the lower portions of the river. Beaver create wetlands which remove sediment and pathogens and increase trout and salmon abundance as their ponds make ideal fish-rearing habitat. Research in the western United States, found that extensive loss of beaver ponds resulted in an 89 reduction in coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch smolt summer production and an almost equally detrimental 86 reduction in critical winter habitat carrying capacity. Contrary to popular myth, most beaver dams do not pose barriers to trout and salmon migration, although they may be restricted seasonally during periods of low stream flows.
The nonvenomous northern water snake Nerodia sipedon inhabits the river, where it often winters in the rubble around bridges, and is often seen near Bailly's Homestead.
In June 2015, the Little Calumet River East Branch Watershed Management Plan was produced via a partnership led by Save the Dunes.
Pollution and conservation
Portions of the lower river and its Salt Creek tributary are now protected by Indiana Dunes National Park. The Heron Rookery protects a mid-section and a portion of the headwaters including part of Round Lake is protected by the 106 acre Little Calumet Headwaters Nature Preserve, part of the 160 acre Red Mill County Park, established in 2002.
The East Arm Little Calumet River watershed is listed as impaired for Mercury Fish Consumption Advisory, PCB Fish Consumption Advisory, and Pathogens.
Recreation
The lower part of the Little Calumet River, along with Salt Creek and Trail Creek, is stocked by the Indiana Department of Natural Resources with steelhead trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, and coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch. These fish are non-native potamodromous salmonids from the West Coast which run up from Lake Michigan to the creeks where they were stocked in an attempt to spawn, although Indiana's creeks are too warm for significant salmonid reproduction, requiring regular re-stocking.
See also
List of rivers of Indiana
Calumet River
Indiana Dunes National Park
Heron Rookery
History of the Indiana Dunes
Joseph Bailly Homestead
References
External links
Saves the Dunes non-profit conservation organization
Northwest Indiana Paddling Association
Category:Rivers of Indiana
Category:Bodies of water of Porter County, Indiana
Category:Rivers of LaPorte County, Indiana |
Marie Sophie de Courcillon 6 August 1713 4 April 1756 was a French noblewoman and Duchess of Rohan-Rohan as well as Princess of Soubise by marriage. She was the granddaughter of Philippe de Courcillon, better known as the marquis de Dangeau. She was praised for being a cultured woman for the age and held a fashionable salon at the Hôtel de Soubise in Paris. She was painted by Nattier.
Biography
Marie Sophie was the only child of Philippe Egon de Courcillon 16841709 styled as the marquis de Courcillon and his wife Françoise de Pompadour, Duchess of La Valette. Her paternal grandfather was Philippe de Courcillon, the famous marquis de Dangeau and memoir writer of the court of Louis XIV.
Through her paternal grandmother, Countess Sophia of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort, she was a cousin of the ruling Landgraves of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort, originally a county of the Holy Roman Empire. Another first cousin was Ernest Leopold, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg.
Her first cousins included Charles Philippe d'Albert de Luynes, Duke of Luynes; she was a second cousin Charles Louis d'Albert de Luynes another famous memoir writer of the court of Louis XV.
Mademoiselle de Courcillon was married twice. Firstly to Charles François d'Albert d'Ailly, son of Louis Auguste d'Albert de Luynes and Marie Anne Romaine de Beaumanoir. The couple married on 17 January 1729. She was thus known as the Duchess of Pecquigny.
The couple had a daughter who died young and little information exists. Soon after, Louis Auguste himself died and Marie Sophie was a widow at the age of 17.
Her second husband was Hercule Mériadec de Rohan, Duke of Rohan-Rohan, son of François de Rohan, Prince de Soubise and the beautiful Anne de Rohan-Chabot. Hercule Mériadec was a widower, his first wife Anne Geneviève de Lévis dying in 1727. The couple were married in Paris on 2 September 1732.
The duke of Rohan-Rohan was a member of the House of Rohan and had the prestigious rank of Foreign Princes at Versailles. This entitled Marie Sophie, styled as the Princess of Rohan Madame la princesse de Rohan the style of Highness.
The bride was 44 years younger than the groom; Marie Sophie was closer to her daughter-in-law the Princess of Guéméné 17041780.
To celebrate the union, her husband commissioned Germain Boffrand to redecorate the interior of the Hôtel de Soubise, the Parisian townhouse of the Rohan's. She kept a fashionable salon at the hôtel.
In 1737, it was she who presented Anne Marie Louise de La Tour d'Auvergne to the court at Versailles. Anne Marie Louise was wife of Charles de Rohan, Prince of Soubisegrandson of Hercule Mériadec and his heir.
Her husband died in 1749 in Paris. She was the mistress of Duke de Richelieu, who lost his last wife, born Élisabeth Sophie de Lorraine in 1740. She died in Paris at the age of 42.
With her, the Courcillon family died out. She was buried on 7 April 1756 at the Église de La Merci in Paris, the traditional burial place of the Soubise line of the House of Rohan in the presence of her late husband's grandchildren and the Archbishop of Bordeaux, the Cardinal de Rohan.
Titles and styles
6 August 1713 17 January 1729: Mademoiselle de Courcillon
17 January 1729 14 July 1731: The Duchess of Pecquigny
14 July 1731 2 September 1732: The Dowager Duchess of Pecquigny
2 September 1732 26 January 1749: Her Highness the Princess of Rohan
26 January 1749 4 April 1756: Her Highness the Dowager Princess of Rohan
Ancestry
References and notes
Category:1713 births
Category:1756 deaths
Category:French Roman Catholics
Category:18th-century French people
Marie Sophie
Marie Sophie
Category:House of Albert
Marie Sophie
Marie Sophie
Category:French duchesses
Category:French salon-holders |
Robert Sweeney may refer to:
Robert Augustus Sweeney 18531890, American, two time recipient of the Medal of Honor
Robert E. Sweeney 19242007, American politician
Robert K. Sweeney born 1949, American politician
See also
Bob Sweeney disambiguation |
Shoal Bay is a locality in the Northern Territory of Australia located about east of the territory capital of Darwin.
The locality is named after the nearby bay which was named in 1839 by Commander Wickham and Lieutenant Stokes during HMS Beagle's third survey expedition.
The 2016 Australian census which was conducted in August 2016 reports that Shoal Bay had no people living within its boundaries.
Shoal Bay is located within the federal division of Lingiari, the territory electoral division of Nelson and the local government area of the Litchfield Municipality.
References
Category:Suburbs of Darwin, Northern Territory |
Floyd Wilson Baker October 10, 1916 November 17, 2004 was an American professional baseball third baseman, who played Major League Baseball MLB for the St. Louis Browns 19431944, Chicago White Sox 19451951, Washington Senators 19521953, Boston Red Sox 19531954, and Philadelphia Phillies 19541955. During a 13-season career, Baker posted a .251 batting average, with one home run, and 196 RBI, in 874 games played.
Early years
Baker was born in Luray, Virginia, United States. He gained early recognition as a left-handed batter and right-handed thrower in amateur clubs and broke into the minor leagues in 1938.
Major league career
In 1943, Baker earned his first trial in the major leagues with the St. Louis Browns, after hitting .326 for a minor league club at San Antonio, Texas, in 1942. Two seasons later, Baker was playing with the Chicago White Sox, where his first batting mark was .317 in 1950. The previous year, he led the American League for fielding, with .978. His best statistical season came in 1949 when he achieved a .251 batting average, 40 RBI, 101 hits, 15 doubles, 4 triples, and played 125 gamesall career-highs. Also in 1949, he tied the major league mark for first baseman, taking part in three double plays in one game.
In 1961, he was hired as the third base coach for the Minnesota Twins, a position he held until 1964. Baker served as a scout for the Twins until his retirement in 1995.
Later years
During his career as a scout, Baker was based in Youngstown, Ohio, where his feats as a player for the Youngstown Browns were part of local baseball lore. In 1977, The Youngstown Vindicator reported: Floyd Baker, who thrilled local Middle-Atlantic League fans with his classy fielding, still has his hand in the game. A local resident, Baker scouts for Minnesota. Baker, incidentally, started a triple play in the first game he played here.
Floyd Baker died in Youngstown at the age of 88. He was buried in Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery.
References
External links
Floyd Baker at SABR Baseball BioProject
Floyd Baker at The Baseball Page
Category:1916 births
Category:2004 deaths
Category:Baseball players from Virginia
Category:Boston Red Sox players
Category:Chicago White Sox players
Category:Major League Baseball coaches
Category:Major League Baseball scouts
Category:Major League Baseball third base coaches
Category:Major League Baseball third basemen
Category:Mayfield Clothiers players
Category:Milwaukee Brewers minor league players
Category:Minnesota Twins coaches
Category:Minnesota Twins scouts
Category:People from Luray, Virginia
Category:People from the Shenandoah Valley
Category:Philadelphia Phillies players
Category:St. Louis Browns players
Category:San Antonio Missions players
Category:Sportspeople from Youngstown, Ohio
Category:Springfield Browns players
Category:Toledo Mud Hens players
Category:Washington Senators 190160 players
Category:Washington Senators 190160 scouts
Category:Youngstown Browns players |
Descender is the debut solo album by American singer/songwriter Andrew Wyatt of the indie dance trio Miike Snow. In a departure from his work with his main project and work as a producer, Wyatt recorded the album in Prague backed by a 75-piece orchestra, with guest appearances by The Libertines' Anthony Rossomando, Interpol's touring bassist Brad Truax, and Tortoise's John Herndon.
Track listing
Horse Latitudes 4:07
Harlem Boyzz 3:07
Cluster Subs 2:59
She's Changed 2:33
And Septimus... 3:31
It Won't Let You Go 3:56
Descender Death Of 1000 Cuts 2:37
In Paris They Know How To Build A Monument 3:16
There Is A Spring 3:49
References
Category:2013 albums |
This is a list of some of the terrorist, alleged terrorist or suspected terrorist incidents which took place in February 2018, including incidents by violent non-state actors for political, religious, or ideological motives.
Guidelines
To be included, entries must be notable have a stand-alone article and described by a consensus of reliable sources as terrorism.
List entries must comply with the guidelines outlined in the manual of style under MOS:TERRORIST.
Casualties figures in this list are the total casualties of the incident including immediate casualties and later casualties such as people who succumbed to their wounds long after the attacks occurred.
Casualties listed are the victims. Perpetrator casualties are listed separately e.g. x +y indicate that x victims and y perpetrators were killed/injured.
Casualty totals may be underestimated or unavailable due to a lack of information. A figure with a plus + sign indicates that at least that many people have died e.g. 10+ indicates that at least 10 people have died the actual toll could be considerably higher. A figure with a plus + sign may also indicate that over that number of people are victims.
If casualty figures are 20 or more, they will be shown in bold. In addition, figures for casualties more than 50 will also be underlined.
Incidents are limited to one per location per day. If multiple attacks occur in the same place on the same day, they will be merged into a single incident.
In addition to the guidelines above, the table also includes the following categories:
List
Total incidents:
See also
List of terrorist incidents in 2018
References
*Terrorist
02 |
Jason Parham born 1986 is senior writer at Wired and the founder and editor-in-chief of the literary magazine Spook. He was previously an editor at Gawker and The Fader, and his work has also appeared in The New York Times Book Review, The Awl, The Atlantic, The Village Voice, and The New York Times Magazine. Parham is from Los Angeles, California and grew up in the Ladera Heights area.
Career
Prior to joining Wired, Parham had also been an editor at Gawker, The Fader and Complex, drawing particular notice for commentary on a range of topics including Outkast, Ferguson, police brutality, and diversity in book publishing, journalism and other media. Wired described Parham's tenure at Gawker as one of the sites more visible advocates for inclusion.
Brooklyn Magazine named the veteran writer and editor to its 2016 list of 100 Most Influential People in Brooklyn Culture. Honoring Parham on a 32 Under 32 list of individuals who exhibit the professionalism, hard work, values and talents to lead the reimagining of possibilities for tomorrows business culture, Magic Johnson described Parham as a successful writer and cultural connoisseur.
Spook
At age 26, Parham founded the literary magazine Spook. He published the first issue in June 2012, and subsequent issues annually.
Naming Spook to its list of 30 Indie Magazines You Need to Know in 2013, Complex described the journal as a progressive, independent magazine featuring literary works like poetry and short fiction, as well as covering topics related to art and culture. Only on its second issue, Spook is turning into a highly regarded news source with a global consciousness. Brooklyn Magazine called it a gorgeous literary magazine and Salon said Spook is bringing a more nuanced, careful, thoughtful, complete vision of blackness into publishing...eclectic with beautiful prose, brilliantly cross-secting the diversity of American intellectual life.
References
External links
Jason Parham
Spook
Category:Living people
Category:21st-century American male writers
Category:1986 births
Category:American magazine editors
Category:Wired magazine people
Category:Literary editors
Category:African-American writers
Category:Cultural critics
Category:Writers from Los Angeles |
Rudy Kennedy born Rudi Karmeinsky October 24, 1927 November 10, 2008 was a British rocket scientist, Holocaust survivor, and a protester for Jewish causes. He spent a substantial period of his youth in German concentration camps of Auschwitz, Mittelbau-Dora, and Bergen-Belsen. After liberation, he worked as a rocket scientist and led the campaign for compensation for the survivors of the German policy of extermination through labour.
Early life
Kennedy was born on October 24, 1927 in Rosenberg now Olesno, Poland, a place near Breslau, Germany now Wrocław, Poland. He was six years of age when Hitler was elected and had to face antisemitism and physical attacks from other boys when he went to school, as he was the only Jewish boy in class. After fighting back against boys from the school who had attacked him, Kennedy's father then enrolled him to an all-Jewish school in Breslau. Rudy's whole family, which consisted of his father Ewald, mother Adele and a younger sister Käthe, moved to Breslau in 1939. By 1941, Kennedy started working as an electrician with his father.
Rudy's family was forcibly relocated by the Schutzstaffel SS to Auschwitz concentration camp in 1943. At his father's direction, he lied about his age at the concentration campclaiming to be 18 years of age although he was just 15. His sister and mother were immediately sent to a gas chamber and killed, while Rudy and his father were employed for work. Rudy's father was sent to IG Farben rubber factory, while Rudy was put to work on building roads where the life expectancy was 6 weeks at most. Rudy's father managed to get him a job in the IG Farben factory where he quickly identified a fault with an electrical system and was kept on to work indoors working for Siemens. Two months later, Rudy's father was killed by the SS when he collapsed due to exhaustion and was deemed unfit for work, sent to the camp hospital and given a phenol injection. Rudy endured cruel beatings at work and realized that he too would be killed if his work wasn't good enough.
As the Soviet Red Army approached, the SS evacuated the camp in January 1945. Rudy was sent to Mittelbau-Dora to work in a missile factory where he joined a group of prisoners who tried to hinder the production by urinating or throwing sand into the rocket guidance systems. In April 1945 he was sent to Bergen-Belsen where he was deprived of food and survived only by eating grass. Though the British liberated the camp, they didn't know what to do with the thousands of diseased prisoners, but they didn't want them to go out and mix with the general population. Rudy escaped from the camp with 5 other inmates and they made their way to Hannover.
He married Gitti and had two surviving children Katie and Steve at the time of his death.
Post-World War II career as a rocket scientist
Rudy emigrated to the United Kingdom in 1946. He attended college and started working for English Electric as a rocket scientist. He left the company to participate in a joint venture in rocketry and medical engineering with Rolf Schild and Peter Epstein, giving birth to Huntleigh Electronics, a £200 million company. Rudy setup his own company, named Digital Electronics in the 1970s. After selling Digital Electronics, he worked as a board member of Roche Pharmaceuticals.
Campaign
Rudy founded Association of Claims for Jewish Slave Labour Compensation and led the campaign in the 1990s that put pressure on German companies that had co-operated with the Nazi's Extermination through labor program to admit responsibility and pay reparations to those who had been forced to work as slave laborers. A BBC Storyville documentary, I Was a Slave Labourer followed the progress of the campaign. Among the companies accused of complicit with the Nazi policy and targeted by the campaign were IG Farben, Volkswagen and Mercedes Benz. The campaign group were approached by a firm of class-action lawyers who held that they could obtain damages in the US courts against the companies who were complicit with the Nazi policy. The lawsuit saw only partial success for the plaintiffs; the companies agreed to pay a maximum of £5,000 to each survivor for their sufferings in the concentration camps as a goodwill gesture without any legal responsibility to do so. Some of the American lawyers who originally promised to act free of charge, accepted millions of dollars for themselves. Kennedy was dissatisfied with the deal and continued campaigning, speaking at public meetings and protesting at IG Farben shareholder meetings until he started suffering from Alzheimer's.
In August 2000 the German Parliament passed a law to create the Foundation Remembrance, Responsibility and Future which provided individual humanitarian payments to former forced labourers and other victims of National Socialism. From 2001 to 2007 a total of € 4.4 billion was paid out to more than 1.66 million people in almost 100 countries.
External links
Kennedy's testimony for USC Shoah foundation
References
Category:1927 births
Category:2008 deaths
Category:People from Olesno
Category:People from the Province of Upper Silesia
Category:British people of German-Jewish descent
Category:German Jews
Category:Rocket scientists
Category:British Jews
Category:Holocaust survivors
Category:Auschwitz concentration camp survivors
Category:Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp survivors
Category:Bergen-Belsen concentration camp survivors |
Boom chick and variants such as chicka may refer to:
on and off beats see back beat, as in Carter scratch
Boom Chicka Boom
bass and snare drum, as in beatboxing
Chick Chick Boom |
The Red Gaurs Thai: กระทิงแดง Krathing Daeng were an extreme right-wing paramilitary organization active in Thailand during the 1970s. The Red Gaurs played a key role in the 6 October 1976 massacre of students and activists at Thammasat University. The organization derives its name from the gaur /ɡaʊər/, Bos gaurus, also called the Indian bison, the largest extant bovine. The gaur is native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia.
Establishment and activities
It was set up by the Internal Security Operations Command ISOC of the Thai military to counter the country's students movement after the democratic revolution of October 1973. Major-General Sudsai Hasadin has been reported being its main organizer. From mid-1974 on, the paramilitary organization's units were publicly armed with firearms and grenades. Afterwards, they enjoyed practical immunity to criminal prosecution, or even warnings from police or army staff. The Red Gaurs violently attacked demonstrators at the protests against individual articles of the 1974 constitution, against U.S. military bases in Thailand, and at the protests against the return of deposed military dictators Thanom Kittikachorn and Praphas Charusathien.
In August 1975, the group assaulted the Thammasat University, trying to burn down the school building. Assassinations of labor and peasants union officials namely of the Peasants Federation of Thailand, as well as progressive politicians, and grenade attacks on crowds have been attributed to the Red Gaurs. The organization's militants often attacked and injured photojournalists who tried to take pictures of them and their guns. The Red Gaurs interfered in the campaign for the 1976 parliamentary election by harassing candidates and attacking political parties they perceived as leftist in particular the New Force Party. Besides, the Red Gaurs were also employed to guard road construction crews against attacks in areas with communist insurgents.
Membership and support
The ultra-royalist vigilante group focused its activities on Bangkok. Its membership consisted mainly of discontent young unemployed, vocational school students and high school drop-outs. The majority of their key cadres however, were veterans of the Vietnam War or former mercenaries in Laos, and former army soldiers dismissed for disciplinary infractions. The Krathing Daeng militants were well paid, provided with free liquor, taken on drinking sprees, and to brothels paid for with public funds.
They were heavily funded and backed by the United States government. The US provided at least 250 million baht to help organize the Red Gaurs. Paul M. Handley, the author of The King Never Smiles, an unofficial biography of King Bhumibol Adulyadej, reports that the king also gave support to both the Red Gaurs and the Village Scouts, another patriotic anti-leftist paramilitary organization.
See also
Nawaphon
Village Scouts
References
Category:20th century in Thailand
Category:History of Thailand
Category:Paramilitary organizations based in Thailand
Category:Anti-communism in Thailand
Category:Far-right politics in Thailand |
Topos may refer to:
Topos plural topoi a type of category in mathematics
Classifying topos a topos that categorifies the models of a structure in another topos
Effective topos a topos that captures the idea of effectivity in mathematics
Étale topos the category of étale sheaves
Topos theory the theory of mathematical topoi
Rhetoric topos topoi in rhetorical invention
Literary topos topoi in literary theory
Los Topos California theatre troup
Oo-Topos interactive science-fiction game
Topical logic reasoning from commonplace topoi
Topo climbing plural topos description of a climbing route
Topos de Reynosa FC a Mexican football club
Topos de Tlatelolco a non-for-profit rescue organization based in Mexico
Topos hyperuranionos Platonic realm of archetypes
Topos V a sculpture by Eduardo Chillida, displayed in Barcelona
See also
Topo disambiguation |
Le Torquesne is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.
Population
See also
Communes of the Calvados department
References
INSEE statistics
External links
Category:Communes of Calvados department
Category:Calvados communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia |
Juan López born 14 February 1926, date of death unknown was a Uruguayan sprinter. He competed in the men's 100 metres at the 1948 Summer Olympics.
Competition record
References
Category:1926 births
Category:Year of death missing
Category:Athletes track and field at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Category:Uruguayan male sprinters
Category:Olympic athletes of Uruguay
Category:Place of birth missing |
is a Japanese insurance company. It has its corporate headquarters in the Kamiyacho MT Building 神谷町MTビル Kamiyachō MT Biru in Toranomon, Minato, Tokyo and its Osaka offices in Chuo-ku, Osaka.
As of April 1, 2012 it has about 23,000 agencies throughout Japan, 172 sales offices, and 109 claims offices.
History
It was founded on April 18, 1918.
In 2011 Chartis Japan Capital Co, a unit of the American International Group Inc., acquired 43.59 of the outstanding shares not already owned Fuji Fire and Marine. On March 30, 2011 Chartis was to own 98.25 of Fuji Fire and Marine, making it a wholly owned subsidiary. Fuji Fire and Marine was to be delisted from the stock exchanges as a result.
References
External links
Fuji Fire and Marine Insurance
Fuji Fire and Marine Insurance
Category:Financial services companies established in 1918
Category:Insurance companies based in Tokyo
Category:American International Group
Category:Japanese companies established in 1918
Category:Marine insurance companies |
César Eduardo Portillo Brown born September 26, 1968 in Barcelona, Anzoátegui is a retired male basketball player 2.06 metres from Venezuela, who played as a center during his career.
High school and college
Portillo attended high school in the United States at Miami High School in Miami, Florida. There, Portillo led Miami High to a state title, with teammate and future NBA player Doug Edwards. Portillo was named a Parade All-American as a senior.
After his standout high school career, César Portillo committed to the University of Florida. His time there was cut short after only four games as his Scholastic Aptitude Test SAT came into question and he was asked to re-take the test. Instead, Portillo transferred to Palm Beach Community College to play.
Following a junior college season where he averaged 19.5 points, 9.9 rebounds and 3.2 blocks per game, Portillo signed with the University of South Alabama. Portillo played two years for South Alabama, leading them to the NCAA Tournament as a junior.
International career
Portillo's first international experience came as a 14-year-old guard as he was a part of Venezuela's entry to the 1983 Pan American Games. He later competed for the Venezuela national basketball team in his familiar post position at the 1989 Campeonato Sudamericano 4th place and at the 1990 FIBA World Championship, where the team finished in 11th place.
References
External links
Profile
Category:1968 births
Category:Living people
Category:Basketball players at the 1983 Pan American Games
Category:Centers basketball
Category:Cocodrilos de Caracas players
Category:Florida Gators men's basketball players
Category:Gaiteros del Zulia players
Category:Junior college men's basketball players in the United States
Category:Liga ACB players
Category:Marinos B.B.C. players
Category:Parade High School All-Americans boys' basketball
Category:People from Barcelona, Venezuela
Category:South Alabama Jaguars men's basketball players
Category:Venezuelan expatriate basketball people in the United States
Category:Venezuelan men's basketball players |
Batushka stylized in Cyrillic as БАТЮШКА is a Polish black metal band formed by Krzysztof Drabikowski. Their music and lyrics, which are written exclusively in Old Church Slavonic language, are inspired by the Eastern Orthodox Church. The band members wear habits and eastern orthodox schemas during live performances to conceal their identities, and remain anonymous. In contrast with many other black metal bands, they use seven and eight string guitars.
Name
The word Batushka Russian Cyrillic: Батюшка is the titular equivalent of a hieromonk in Eastern Orthodoxy or, broadly, of any Orthodox priest. The transcription used by the band is improper, another possible transcription of Батюшка into Latin would be Batyushka.
History
Batushka was founded in Białystok, Poland on the spring of 2015 by multi instrumentalist Krzysztof Derph Drabikowski on his home studio; Sphieratz Productions in Sobolewo, he came up with the idea of combining black metal and traditional liturgical songs of the Orthodox Church after reading comments on YouTube videos of Orthodox music, saying how Gods hymns are more metal than any satanic black metal music out there.
Throughout the first quarter of 2015, Drabikowski proceeded to compose and record the music, write the lyrics, paint the artwork for the album and create the band's overall concept by himself until deciding to bring Marcin Bielemiuk to re-record the drum parts in acoustic percussion. Drabikowski originally invited his friend and former Heuresis bandmate Lech to do the vocal parts but dropped out of the project because he didn't know how to write old Church Slavonic.
In July 2015, before adding the finishing touches on the album, Drabikowski recruited Hermh vocalist Bartłomiej Krysiuk to record the vocals. The album was completed in the following months and Drabikowski convinced Krysiuk and Bielemiuk to make Batushka an anonymous project, according to Drabikowski this was decided in order for the listeners to focus on the musical experience itself, as such and for the next year the band's line up remained unknown to the public and started using monikers in Cyrillic to further conceal their identities.
The group released the single Yekteníya VII in November 2015, prior to their debut album Литоургиіа Litourgiya English: Lithurgy in December. Both recordings were released through Witching Hour Productions, owned by vocalist Bartłomiej Krysiuk. The album was critically acclaimed, with various sites naming Litourgiya one of the best metal albums of 2015, it also became a commercial hit in the Polish metal scene. The album's overwhelming success prompted the band to start touring due to massive demand from various European festivals. The band's live line up featured a total of 8 performers: Drabikowski on lead guitars, Krysiuk on lead vocals, and Bielemiuk on drums alongside 3 backing vocalists, a bassist, and a rhythm guitarist.
Following some regional touring, concerts in Russia and Belarus were also planned, but were canceled due to protests and alleged death threats made against them. This incident also ended the public anonymity of the band's core line up since Drabikowski started doing interviews explaining the situation.
In 2016, together with the Behemoth and Bölzer, the group embarked on a concert tour in Poland called Rzeczpospolita Niewierna English translation: The Republic of the Unfaithful. In 2017 they performed at Wacken Open Air and Brutal Assault.
In October 2017, the band were signed to Metal Blade Records in the US and rereleased Litourgiya worldwide in both physical media and digital platforms, the signing of the band, however, was done without the knowledge and involvement of founder and main composer Krzysztof Drabikowski.
In April 2018, Marcin Bielemiuk left the project for undisclosed reasons. A year later on May 24, 2019, he stated on a Facebook post that he was fired by Drabikowski after he criticized his attitude and behaviour toward him, Krysiuk and the rest of the band's live performers.
Split with key members
On 23 December 2018, Drabikowski announced via the Batushka Instagram account that he had decided to part ways with vocalist Bartłomiej Krysiuk due to innappropriate behaviour on his part. In the same post, Drabikowski stated that There were attempts to take my creation Batushka away from me and the upcoming album Панихида English: Requiem will not feature his voice.
The following week, the post was taken down and a new post stated that Drabikowski was told earlier this month that he would not participate in Batushka activities as we move into 2019 and that any pages operated by him were to be shut down based on a claim based on intellectual property and trademark ownership.
In a counter-claim, Drabikowski uploaded a video statement claiming that Krysiuk had been pressing him to release the new album and, when he disagreed, Krysiuk then hired musicians to produce an album that he planned to release as the new Batushka record, behind [his] back. He also stated that he had taken legal action, being advised by his lawyer to not say anything further and that pictures on the website and Facebook page were of Krysiuk and people like his son pretending to be Batushka.
On 6 May 2019, Drabikowski released an update on the court proceedings, stating that the court decided that Bartłomiej Krysiuk cannot tour under the name Batushka or release new music under the moniker until the proceedings are over. Despite the uncertainty of the band's status, tour dates have been committed to from June 2019 and onward. Krysiuk also stated that he had no intention of honoring the court's decision. A month later Krysiuk posted an update where his legal team succeeded in appealing a reversal of the court's decision that forbade him from using the Batushka moniker for touring and merchandising while the case proceeds, however, Drabikowski is still allowed to use the band name in various capacities in spite of Krysiuk's attempts at censoring him through bans and takedowns on Bandcamp and social media.
On 13 May 2019, Drabikowski's Batushka released a song through their own YouTube account from their upcoming album Панихида English: Requiem, called Песнь I English: Ode 1.
On 15 May 2019, Krysiuk's Batushka released the first single through Metal Blade's YouTube account from their upcoming album Господи English: God Almighty, called Chapter I: The Emptiness Polunosznica Полунощница. Their album is scheduled to be released on 12 July 2019.
Subsequent music videos were made for the songs Wieczernia, Liturgiya, Utrenia and Pierwyj Czas but due to backlash from supporters of Drabikowski all music videos had the likes/dislikes and comment sections disabled on YouTube. Posts about Batushka on Metal Blade's Instagram also had their comments disabled. These actions stirred even more fan backlash.
On 27 May 2019, Drabikowski's Batushka released a new full-length album called Панихида Panihida English: Requiem and was very well received by both critics and fans alike.
On 12 July 2019, Krysiuk's Batushka released a full-length album called Hospodi English: God Almighty, the album received mixed reviews from critics and was panned by the vast majority of the band's fans.
In the wake of the public falling out and ensuing drama between Drabikowski and Krysiuk several parody bands using variations of the Batushka name emerged online as a widespread meme, each also claiming to be the true Batushka, the most notable being Batyushka an instrumental band claiming to be from Russia and being actual Orthodox priests and adhering to the Orthodox dogma.
Despite the public backlash, Krysiuk's version of the band continues to tour and play at various festivals, notably replacing Dimmu Borgir at Bloodstock Open Air. However, most of those shows have been poorly received, reportedly including boos and chants of Krzysztof at a 2018 show in Poland. In September 6, Krysiuk's Batushka uploaded a trailer for a documentary titled Batushka: Uncovering the Truth, about the name dispute and the split between Krysiuk and Drabikowski. The announcement was again poorly received by fans, with accusations of Krysiuk trying to sway public opinion in his favor. Amidst the backlash, Krysiuk's band canceled Australian and North American tours with fellow Polish band Hate. While no official reason was given for the former, Krysiuk later released a statement saying both tours were cancelled due to the costs of the legal battle. Krysiuk later stated the planned European tour would proceed and revealed plans to work on new music, but in January 6, the European tour was announced to be indefinitely postponed due to an unspecified member of Krysiuk's band having to undergo medical treatment. All three tours are suspected to have been cancelled due to poor ticket sales.
After a prolonged silence, Krzysztof Drabikowski announced on 9 September 2019 that he will be performing Panihida live in its entirety with a new line up at the MonteRay Club in Kiev on 9 November 2019, the performance was very well received and was reportedly a sold-out event for the venue. Drabikowsky has also expressed his hopes of going on a proper tour in 2020. In late October, several dates were confirmed for Drabikowski's version of the band's European tour, and will take place in 2020, with confirmed dates for 3 January, at the Czech Republic, on the Barrack Club in Ostrava, 4 January, in Austria, at Haufgasse in Vienna, and will also play at Wolfszeit Festival on 27 to 29 August in Germany near the town of Crispendorf. Drabikowski's Batushka also joined Malevolent Creation on their European tour from February to March 2020; the tour was a success with many sold out venues, however the tour was cut short in March 11th, due to the 201920 coronavirus pandemic, the band's scheduled performances at Poland were canceled due to safety concerns. In January 19, 2020 it was announced that Drabikowski's Batushka will be also performing at the fifth México Metal Fest at Monterey on November 14th, 2020. It is also confirmed that Drabikowski's Batushka will perform at the Latvian ethnographic and crafts festival Zobens un Lemess on 5 to 7 June held in Bauska castle grounds.
Members
Up until the dispute
Христофор Krzysztof Derph Drabikowski guitars, bass, vocals, drums
Варфоломей Bartłomiej Bart Krysiuk lead vocals
Former
Мартин Marcin Beny Bielemiuk drums 20152018
Live members up until the dispute
Błażej Kasprzak backing vocals 20162018
Черный Монах Patryk G. backing vocals 20162018
Jaca Jacek Wiśniewski backing vocals 20162018
Paluch Artur Grassmann bass 20162018
Wdowa Paweł Wdowski guitars 20162018
P. Paweł Bartulewicz guitars 2016
Jatzo Jacek Łazarow drums 2018
Батюшка
Лех vocals 2018present
Черный Монах Patryk G. backing vocals 2018present
Jatzo Jacek Łazarow drums 2018present
Krysiuk's Batushka
Paweł Jaroszewicz drums 2018present
Paluch Artur Grassmann bass 2018present
P. Paweł Bartulewicz guitars 2018present
Błażej Kasprzak backing vocals 2018present
Jaca Jacek Wiśniewski backing vocals 2018present
Krzysztof Kingbein drums 2019present
Discography
Studio albums
Батюшка
Litourgiya Witching Hour Productions, 2015
Panihida Sphieratz Productions, 2019
Krysiuk's Batushka
Hospodi Metal Blade Records, 2019
External links
Batushka on Encyclopaedia Metallum
References
Category:Polish black metal musical groups
Category:Polish musical trios
Category:Metal Blade Records artists |
Christopher Shea Nickell born 1958/1959 is an American lawyer from Kentucky who is an Associate Justice of the Kentucky Supreme Court.
Education
Nickell earned a Bachelor of Arts from DePauw University in 1981 and a Juris Doctor from the University of Kentucky College of Law in 1984.
Legal career
Prior to being appointed as a judge, he practiced law for 22 years.
State court service
In 2006, Nickell was elected to be a Judge of the Kentucky Court of Appeals.
Kentucky Supreme Court service
On February 6, 2019, Nickell announced he was running for the seat on the Kentucky Supreme Court vacated by the retirement of Bill Cunningham. He was elected on November 5, 2019, defeating state senator Whitney Westerfield. He was sworn into office on December 11, 2019.
Teaching
He served as an instructor at Murray State University teaching Insurance and Risk Management and he also taught at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill teaching jurisprudence.
Associations and memberships
He has been a member of the Paducah Lions Club since 1989. He is also an Eagle Scout, he has been recognized as a Kentucky Colonel, Honorary Captain of the Belle of Louisville and a Sagamore of the Wabash. He is a Life Sponsor of Ducks Unlimited. He is also a 32 Degree Mason, a Silver Life Member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, a Life Fellow of the Kentucky Bar Foundation, a Gideon, and a deacon at Paducah's Heartland Church.
Personal
Nickell and his wife, Carolyn S. Watson are both a Melvin Jones Fellow.
Electoral history
References
External links
Category:1950s births
Category:Living people
Category:20th-century American lawyers
Category:21st-century American judges
Category:21st-century American lawyers
Category:Baptists from Kentucky
Category:DePauw University alumni
Category:Eagle Scouts
Category:Judges of the Kentucky Court of Appeals
Category:Kentucky lawyers
Category:Kentucky Supreme Court Justices
Category:Murray State University faculty
Category:University of Kentucky College of Law alumni
Category:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill faculty |
The 196162 Landsdelsserien was a Norwegian second-tier football league season, the last named Landsdelsserien.
The league was contested by 55 teams, divided into a total of seven groups from four districts; Østland/Søndre, Østland/Nordre, Sørland/Vestre and Møre/Trøndelag. The seven group winners qualified for promotion play-offs to compete for two spots in the 1963 1. divisjon. Sarpsborg and Gjøvik-Lyn won the play-offs and were promoted to the top flight. Due to a format change in the league system, 45 teams were relegated to the 1963 3. divisjon.
Tables
District Østland/Søndre
District Østland/Nordre
District Sørland/Vestland
Group A
Group B
Group C
District Møre/Trøndelag
Møre
Trøndelag
Promotion play-offs
First round
Sørland/Vestland
Results
Haugar 20 Start
Start 24 Os
Os Os 32 Haugar
Møre/Trøndelag
Kvik 00 Aalesund
Aalesund 20 Kvik
Aalesund won 20 on aggregate and qualified for the final round.
Final round
Results
Sarpsborg 20 Os
Os 03 Sarpsborg
Sarpsborg won 50 on aggregate and were promoted to the 1. divisjon.
Gjøvik-Lyn 11 Aalesund
Aalesund 12 Gjøvik-Lyn
Gjøvik-Lyn won 32 on aggregate and were promoted to the 1. divisjon.
Relegation play-offs
Raufoss 40 Sparta
Sparta 22 Raufoss
Raufoss won 62 on aggregate and remained in 2. divisjon. Sparta were relegated to the 3. divisjon.
References
Category:1. divisjon seasons
Category:1961 in Norwegian football
Category:1962 in Norwegian football
Norway |
The Pibroch was a Clyde puffer that was built in Glasgow during 1957. It was one of the last of that type of vessel to survive.
The Pibroch today
The Pibroch is currently resting in West Ireland along the N59 highway in Co. Galway.
The Pibroch, built at Bowling, Scotland in 1957 as a diesel-engined boat for the Scottish Malt Distillers, had been lying at Letterfrack, County Galway, Ireland, in desperate need of restoration, since 2002. The Pibroch deteriorated further as time passed, and her bulkheads began to give way. In 2010 she was sold and was subsequently scrapped. A sister-ship, the Julia T., Lies in 30 m of water in Killary Bay some 300 yards off Lettergesh.
References
The Pibroch
Category:Merchant ships of Scotland
Category:1957 ships |
Leonardów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zgierz, within Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately east of Zgierz and north of the regional capital Łódź.
The village has a population of 60.
References
Category:Villages in Zgierz County |
Cyndaty is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Siemiątkowo, within Żuromin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in East-Central Poland.
References
Cyndaty |
Patrick Lanshaw born October 6, 1982, better known by his stage name Lil Wyte, is an American rapper. He is a member of the rap collective Hypnotize Minds and owner of the independent label Wyte Music.
Early life
Growing up in Frayser, Lil Wyte discovered his rapping talent at a young age as he could rap Sir Mix-a-Lot's entire song Baby Got Back completely. He participated in freestyle battles at high school when he was in ninth grade. Lanshaw rapped with his friend Lil Black, who inspired him to use the pseudonym Lil Wyte and write songs instead of freestyling.
Lanshaw dropped out of high school, but eventually earned his high school diploma.
Music career
Lil Wyte was part of a local rap group, the Shelby Forest Click.
The group's home-made demo tape came to the attention of Three 6 Mafia. Juicy J and DJ Paul one song in particular is said to have gotten him signed with a song titled Memphiz Playaz. Three 6 Mafia signed the rapper and worked later with his debut album. Lil Wyte appeared on Project Pat's song Crash da Club from his album Layin' da Smack Down in 2002. His debut album Doubt Me Now was released in 2003 and it became popular, selling over 135,000 copies without promotion. The album Doubt Me Now featured Juvenile, Three 6 Mafia, Frayser Boy, La Chat and Josey Scott. The album had 3 popular songs Oxycotton, My Smoking Song, and Acid.
He has been described as rapid lyricist,
Personal life
Lil Wyte passed up the opportunity of writing the song It's Hard out Here for a Pimp, because he could not relate to the lyrics of having more than one woman.
Lil Wyte used three strains of marijuana to create his own strain of medical cannabis called OG WYTE Kush. It's available in 11 states. The three original strains are Og Kush, White Widow and Grand Daddy Purp.
In 2012 he was arrested in Clarksville, Tennessee for DUI and drug possession.
Discography
Studio albums
Mixtapes
2008: Cocaine & Kush
2009: Cocaine Kush 2 Love, Hate, Betrayal
2009: Wyte Christmas
2010: Wyte Christmas 2 Let It SNO
2011: Wyte Christmas 3
2012: Wyte Out
2012: Wyte Boyz Wasted with Barzz & J.P
2013: Wyte Out Pt. 2
2013: July 16 with JellyRoll
2013: Wyte Christmas 4
2014: Wyte Lytes with DJ Hylyte
2016: Wyte Christmas 6 with DJ Ritz
Guest appearances
References
External links
Talkin' Ain't Walkin' | Lil Wyte
Category:1982 births
Category:Living people
Category:American crunk musicians
Category:American male rappers
Category:American music industry executives
Category:Asylum Records artists
Category:Businesspeople from Tennessee
Category:Horrorcore artists
Category:Rappers from Memphis, Tennessee
Category:Southern hip hop musicians
Category:Underground rappers
Category:21st-century American rappers
Category:21st-century American male musicians |
The Evangelical Presbyterian Church in England and Wales EPCEW is a reformed and conservative evangelical denomination in both England and Wales with churches in Germany and Sweden. Founded in 1996, the denomination is small but growing.
History
In 1986, a Presbyterian conference was held in a Free Church of Scotland chapel in London, where a vision of a new Presbyterian denomination in England was proposed, which was to be faithful to Scripture and adhere to the Westminster Confession. As a consequence, the Presbyterian Association in England was formed in 1987 from several small Christian groups and existing congregations with efforts at church planting following. In 1991, an interim Presbytery was formed with congregations in Blackburn, Cambridge, Chelmsford, Durham and Hull to work towards the establishment of the new denomination. This came to fruition in 1996, taking the name, Evangelical Presbyterian Church in England and Wales.
Church Planting
In 2000, two congregations in Cardiff, Immanuel and Bethel, were accepted into communion. The EPCEW has grown significantly since its founding with a number of congregations joining the EPCEW and others being planted by existing churches. The denomination recently planted a church in the Salford/Manchester area and is working to establish church plants in Oxford, Lincoln, and Sunderland. They are actively looking to plant churches throughout England and Wales.
Denominational growth has been steady:
Congregations
As of 2018, the denomination has twenty congregations at:
England
Blackburn and Ribchester
Bury St Edmunds
Cambridge
Chelmsford
Cheltenham Naunton Lane
Cheltenham Whaddon Road
Durham
Hexham
Hull
Oxford
Newcastle
Salford
Sheffield
Sunderland
Solihull
Wales
Barry
Cardiff Bethel
Cardiff Immanuel
Sweden
Tranås, Sweden
Germany
Berlin, Germany
Westminster Presbyterian Theological Seminary
Several EPCEW ministers were instrumental in the recent founding of Westminster Presbyterian Theological Seminary in Gateshead, UK. WPTS aims to equip men to hold fast to Gods faithful Word, with a particular focus on preparation for planting churches in the UK and continental Europe. The school is committed to the Westminster Standards, experiential Calvinism, Presbyterian Church government, ordinary means of grace ministry, and the regulative principle of worship. The seminary offers a range of courses accredited through Greenville Presbyterian Theological Seminary, including the Master of Divinity MDiv.
Publications
The denomination publishes The Presbyterian Network in Spring and Autumn with theological and pastoral articles and news from its congregations.
International Organisations
Along with the Free Church of Scotland and the Free Church of Scotland Continuing, the denomination is one of the three members of the International Conference of Reformed Churches from Great Britain, and one of seven European Christian denominations who founded the European Conference of Reformed Churches. The denomination has a co-operative agreement with the Presbyterian Church in America.
References
Category:Christian organizations established in 1996
Category:Religious organisations based in England
Category:Religious organisations based in Wales
Category:Presbyterian denominations in Europe
Category:Presbyterian denominations established in the 20th century
Category:Presbyterianism in the United Kingdom
Category:Presbyterianism in England
Category:Presbyterianism in Wales
Category:Reformed denominations in the United Kingdom |
is a Japanese way to serve hot tofu. Silken firm tofu, cut into cubes, is lightly dusted with potato starch or cornstarch and then deep fried until golden brown. It is then served in a hot tentsuyu broth made of dashi, mirin, and shō-yu Japanese soy sauce, with finely chopped negi a type of spring onion, grated daikon or katsuobōshi dried bonito flakes sprinkled on top.
History
Agedashi dōfu is an old and well-known dish. It was included in a 1782 Japanese all-tofu cookbook entitled Tofu Hyakuchin literally One hundred Tofu, along with other tofu dishes such as chilled tofu hiyayakko and simmered tofu yudofu.
Other agedashi dishes
While agedashi dōfu is the best-known agedashi dish, some other dishes may be prepared with similar techniques. These include , using eggplant.
See also
List of tofu dishes
References
Category:Japanese cuisine
Category:Deep fried foods
Category:Tofu dishes
Category:Vegetarian dishes of Japan
Category:Soy-based foods |
Metarranthis obfirmaria, the yellow-washed metarranthis, is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found in eastern North America, from Nova Scotia and southern Canada to Georgia, west to Kansas.
The wingspan is 2636 mm. Adults are on wing from late April to July.
The larvae feed on Vaccinium, Prunus and Quercus species.
External links
Bug Guide
Images
Metarranthis obfirmaria in Louisiana
Category:Hypochrosini |
The Encyclopedia of Earth abbreviated EoE is an electronic reference about the Earth, its natural environments, and their interaction with society. The Encyclopedia is described as a free, fully searchable collection of articles written by scholars, professionals, educators, and other approved experts, who collaborate and review each other's work. The articles are written in non-technical language and are intended to be useful to students, educators, scholars, and professionals, as well as to the general public. The authors, editors, and even copy editors are attributed on the articles with links to biographical pages on those individuals.
The Encyclopedia of Earth is a component of the larger Earth Portal part of the Digital Universe project, which is a constellation of subject-specific information portals that contain news services, structured metadata, a federated environmental search engine, and other information resources. The technology platform for the Encyclopedia of Earth is a modified version of MediaWiki, which is closed to all but approved users. Once an article is reviewed and approved it is published to a public site. The EoE was launched in September 2006 with about 360 articles, and as of November 30, 2010 had 7,678 articles.
Authoring and publishing process
Contributors to the Encyclopedia of Earth are made up of scientists, educators, and professionals within the environmental field. Contributors are vetted by the Environmental Information Coalition EIC Stewardship Committee, the governing body of the Encyclopedia of Earth, before they are given access to the author's wiki. Within the wiki, where they operate under their real names and are given attribution for the published articles.
Articles are written, edited, and published in a two-step process:
Content for the Encyclopedia is created, maintained, and governed by group of experts via a restricted-access wiki that uses a modified version of MediaWiki.
Upon completion, content is reviewed and approved by Topic Editors, and then published to the free public site.
Content may be continuously revised and updated on the authors' wiki, but revised articles require review and re-approval before revisions are displayed on the public site.
Contributors are designated as Authors or Topic Editors. Contributors can create, write and edit freely on all content within the Encyclopedia. Topic Editors act as reviewers of articles on topics upon which they are judged to have a high level of expertise. Articles, when written, are assigned by Encyclopedia staff to Topic Editors for review and, if appropriate, approval and automatic publication to the public site. As of early 2009, EoE staff were reporting that there were approximately 1,200 contributors from 60 different countries on the Encyclopedia.
The EoE has about 70 as of late 2010 Content Partners, organizations that have a written agreement to provide their content to the Encyclopedia. Content Partners include organizations like the World Wildlife Fund, Conservation International, and American Meteorological Society.
The EoE also cites Content Sources, organizations that have content in the public domain which is used in the Encyclopedia. In this category are various government agencies and Wikipedia. The Encyclopedia of Earth has a specific policy on use of Wikipedia content which requires authors and editors to carefully review and approve such content before using it and includes the following statement at the bottom of the article:
Note on Wikipedia Content:
The authors of the content derived from Wikipedia are not identified. The Encyclopedia of Earth Authors and Topic Editors listed at the top of this article may have significantly modified the content derived from Wikipedia with original content or content drawn from other sources. The Encyclopedia of Earth Topic Editors listed at the top of this article has reviewed all of the content, including that derived from Wikipedia, and approved its accuracy for use in the Encyclopedia of Earth. See Encyclopedia of Earth Policy on use of Wikipedia Content for further details.
The Authors, Topic Editors, Copy Editors, Content Partners, and Content Sources, are all attributed on the articles with links to biographical pages on those individuals and institutions. This is part of the EoE's stated policy of transparency.
The Encyclopedia has a stated policy regarding neutrality and fairness that requires articles, when touching upon any issue of controversy, to represent every different view on a subject that attracts a significant portion of adherents, with each such view and its arguments or evidence being expressed as fairly and sympathetically as possible. According to this neutrality policy, the Encyclopedia itself does not advocate positions on environmental issues.
Content
The Encyclopedia includes content somewhat more varied than a traditional encyclopedia or other related efforts like Wikipedia or Citizendium. In addition to traditional articles, the Encyclopedia includes: ebooks, lectures, reports, and speeches. These source documents are locked on the authors' wiki and are therefore fixed. EoE staff report that some college professors are beginning to write up their lecture notes to result in full courses within the Encyclopedia. Two projects that use the EoE as a content repository and resource are the Climate, Adaptation, Mitigation, E-Learning CAMEL project and the Online Clearinghouse for Education And Networking - Oil Interdisciplinary Learning OCEAN-OIL project.
Copyright policy
Content is governed by the Creative Commons license known as Attribution-Share Alike. This license permits anyone to 1 copy, distribute, and display material, 2 revise, edit, remix, tweak, and build upon material, and to make commercial use of material, subject to these conditions:
Attribution. Users must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor.
Share Alike. If users alter, transform, or build upon this work, they may distribute the resulting work only under a license identical to the Attribution-Share Alike license.
Organization and people
The Encyclopedia of Earth is being created by the Environmental Information Coalition EIC, an open membership group of scientists, educators, and organizations. The EIC defines the roles and responsibilities for individuals and institutions involved in the Coalition, as well as the editorial guidelines for the Encyclopedia. An EIC Stewardship Committee functions as the primary working group that develops and enforces policies and guidelines for the Encyclopedia, with input from Topic Editors and Authors.
The Secretariat for the EIC is the National Council for Science and the Environment NCSE, based in Washington D.C., USA. NCSE is a 501c3non-profit organization with a mission to improve the scientific basis for environmental decisionmaking and specializes in programs that foster collaboration between diverse institutions, communities and individuals. We work closely with those creating and using environmental knowledge, including research, education, environmental, and business organizations, as well as governmental bodies at all levels.
The Stewardship Committee comprises:
Arnold Bloom, University of California at Davis
Nancy Golubiewski, Auckland Council
Jennifer Hammock, Smithsonian/Encyclopedia of Life
Andy Jorgensen, University of Toledo
Ida Kubiszewski, Australian National University
Mark McGinley, Lingnan University
Emily Monosson
Michael Pidwirny University of British Columbia Okanagan
The International Advisory Board for the Encyclopedia is listed as Rita Colwell, Robert W. Corell, Robert Costanza, Mohamed H. A. Hassan, Thomas Homer-Dixon, Andrew J. Hoffman, Stephen P. Hubbell, Simon A. Levin, Bonnie J. McCay, David W. Orr, Rajendra K. Pachauri, Frank Sherwood Rowland, and B. L. Turner.
Migration to MediaWiki
On May 5, 2016 the editorial board announced that the encyclopedia would be migrating to the open source MediaWiki platform.
On November 16, 2016 the new web address was announced via email as being http://editors.eol.org/eoearth/wiki/Main_Page.
See also
Museum of the Earth
References
External links
Encyclopedia of Earth Public Page
Category:21st-century encyclopedias
Category:Internet properties established in 2006
Category:Online encyclopedias
Category:English-language encyclopedias
Category:American online encyclopedias
Category:Encyclopedias of science |
Entropy is a board game by Augustine Carreno published in 1994. It is played on a square board divided into 5×5 cells, with seven black and seven white pieces set up as in the Korean board game Five Field Kono. The object is to be first to go from the initial position, in which all the player's pieces can move, to a position in which none can. A piece is able to move only when it is in contact, orthogonally or diagonally, with at least one other piece of the same type.
References
External links
Entropy game rules
Category:Board games introduced in 1994
Category:Abstract strategy games |
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Harries graph or Harries 3-10-cage is a 3-regular undirected graph with 70 vertices and 105 edges.
The Harries graph has chromatic number 2, chromatic index 3, radius 6, diameter 6, girth 10 and is Hamiltonian. It is also a 3-vertex-connected and 3-edge-connected non-planar cubic graph. It has book thickness 3 and queue number 2.
The characteristic polynomial of the Harries graph is
History
In 1972, A. T. Balaban published a 3-10-cage graph, a cubic graph that has as few vertices as possible for girth 10. It was the first 3-10-cage discovered but it was not unique.
The complete list of 3-10-cage and the proof of minimality was given by O'Keefe and Wong in 1980. There exist three distinct 3-10-cage graphsthe Balaban 10-cage, the Harries graph and the HarriesWong graph. Moreover, the HarriesWong graph and Harries graph are cospectral graphs.
Gallery
References
Category:Individual graphs
Category:Regular graphs |
Tu Dongxu ; born 13 November 1991 is a Chinese footballer who plays for China League Two side Kunshan FC.
Club career
Tu Dongxu started his professional football career in 2010 when he was promoted to Guangzhou Evergrande's squad for the 2010 China League One campaign. On 18 July 2012, he made his senior debut in the fourth round of 2012 Chinese FA Cup against Henan Jianye. Failing to establish himself within the first team, Tu was loaned to China League Two side Meizhou Hakka in 2013 and China League One side Guangdong Sunray Cave in 2014. Tu moved to Meizhou Hakka on free transfer in January 2015.
Tu joined Chinese Super League side Guangzhou R&F in February 2016. He played for Guangzhou R&F reserve team in the 2016 season. Tu was loaned to Hong Kong Premier League side R&F, which was the satellite team of Guangzhou R&F, in February 2017. He made his debut on 18 February 2017 in a 43 away win against Hong Kong FC. He was appointed as team captain in late February after Min Junlin left the club. Tu terminated his contract with the club in the summer of 2017.
Tu signed for China League Two side Meixian Techand in July 2017. On 29 July 2017, he scored his first goal for the club in a 31 win over Chengdu Qbao. He made 11 appearances and scored once in the 2017 season as Meixian Techand won promotion to the China League One.
Career statistics
1League Cups include Hong Kong Senior Challenge Shield, Hong Kong League Cup and Hong Kong Sapling Cup.
2Appearances in China League One play-offs.
Honours
Club
Guangzhou Evergrande
Chinese Super League: 2011, 2012
China League One: 2010
Chinese FA Cup: 2012
References
External links
Category:1991 births
Category:Living people
Category:Chinese footballers
Category:Footballers from Guangzhou
Category:Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao F.C. players
Category:Meizhou Hakka F.C. players
Category:Guangdong Sunray Cave players
Category:Guangzhou R&F F.C. players
Category:R&F Hong Kong players
Category:Guangdong South China Tiger F.C. players
Category:Association football defenders
Category:Chinese Super League players
Category:China League One players
Category:Hong Kong Premier League players |
Lee Bycel is an American Reform rabbi, rabbinic educator and social activist. He served as dean of the Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion in Los Angeles for 15 years, as western regional executive director of American Jewish World Service, and, in 2017, retired from Congregation Beth Shalom of the Napa Valley. He is an adjunct professor of Jewish Studies & Social Justice with the Swig Program in Jewish Studies and Social Justice at the University of San Francisco.
Early life and education
Bycel grew up in Huntington Park, California. Bycel spent his 1977 honeymoon with his wife Judy in the Soviet Union opposing discrimination against Soviet Jews . They now have two adult sons and three grandchildren.
Bycel received a B.A. in Philosophy from the University of California at Berkeley, was ordained as a rabbi at the Hebrew Union College, and received a doctorate from the Claremont School of Theology.
Humanitarian work and activism
Bycel has done humanitarian work in Chad and Darfur. With the International Medical Corps, he has led relief trips to Kenya, Rwanda and Sudan, and has also done relief work in Haiti and Ethiopia.
Bycel traveled extensively to mobilize support for the people of Darfur.
He served as president of the Human Rights Commission of Los Angeles County.
Honors
He has received the Humanitarian Award of the National Conference for Community and Justice.
On November 7, 2014, he received an honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters decree from Hebrew Union College - Jewish Institute of Religion. The degree was presented by chancellor David Ellenson of the college, at the dedication of the new synagogue building for Congregation Beth Shalom of the Napa Valley, and that congregation's 60th anniversary celebration.
Congregational work
Congregation Rodef Sholom, San Rafael, California 1979-1982
Anshe Chesed Fairmount Temple, Beachwood, Ohio 1998 - 2000
Congregation Beth Shalom of the Napa Valley, Napa, California. 2012present
Executive and board service
Bycel has served on the board of MAZON: A Jewish Response to Hunger and as president of the Brandeis-Bardin Institute. He served as executive director of the Redford Center, founded by Robert Redford to collaborate in cultivating creative, action-based solutions to some of todays most compelling civic, environmental and social challenges. Along with Redford and Teri Heyman, he was an executive producer of the documentary film Watershed: Exploring a New Water Ethic for the New West, about western water issues.
He is a senior moderator at the Aspen Institute, and operates a consulting business called CedarStreet Leadership.
On April 10, 2014, President Barack Obama announced his intention to nominate Bycel as a member of the United States Holocaust Memorial Council. He now serves on the council's Committee of Conscience.
References
External links
CedarStreet Leadership
Category:American Reform rabbis
Category:21st-century rabbis
Category:Living people
Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni
Category:Year of birth missing living people |
ISO 3166-2:CW is the entry for Curaçao in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization ISO, which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions e.g., provinces or states of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.
Currently no ISO 3166-2 codes are defined in the entry for Curaçao. The territory has no defined subdivisions.
Curaçao, a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, is officially assigned the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code . Moreover, it is also assigned the ISO 3166-2 code under the entry for the Netherlands.
Changes
The following changes to the entry have been announced in newsletters by the ISO 3166/MA since the first publication of ISO 3166-2 in 1998:
References
External links
ISO Online Browsing Platform: CW
Curaçao, Statoids.com
2:CW
Category:Geography of Curaçao |
Sophie Hitchon born 11 July 1991 is a British hammer thrower. She is the British record-holder with a throw of 74.54 metres, set when winning the Olympic bronze medal at the 2016 Rio Games, Great Britain's first ever Olympic medal in the event. She also reached the hammer final at the 2012 London Olympics, and is the 2010 World Junior Champion, the 2013 European U23 Champion, and the 2014 Commonwealth Games bronze medallist.
Early life
Hitchon was born in Burnley, Lancashire, and attended Wellfield Church Primary School and Ivy Bank Business and Enterprise College. She is studying for a BSc in Business and Sport Management from the University of Hertfordshire.
Achievements
In April 2007, Hitchon set a new UK Under 17 Women's record with a throw of 49.61m at the Kingston-upon-Hull AC Open meeting.
The previous record was 48.94m achieved by Frances Miller of Elgin Harriers at the 2001 IAAF World Youth Championships in Debrecen, Hungary.
In March 2008, at the age of 16, Hitchon set a new junior record with a throw of 59.74m at the UK Throws event in Birmingham, followed by a 59.49m throw at the Blackpool Open Meeting the same weekend.
In July 2009, Hitchon won bronze in the hammer at the European Junior Championships. In doing so she also improved her own national junior record to 63.18m and took Britain's first ever European Junior medal in the women's hammer.
A year later, Hitchon was captain of the UK women's team at the IAAF World Junior Championships Moncton, Canada, 1925 July, as well as remaining the UK junior hammer record holder.
In July 2011, Hitchon represented the UK in the European Under-23 Championships in Ostrava, Czech Republic 1417 July, taking the bronze medal.
At the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Hitchon achieved a bronze medal in the women's Hammer throw with a distance of 68.72m. This was her first success at a senior level championship.
At the 2016 Rio Olympics, Hitchon achieved a bronze medal in the woman's Hammer throw with a distance of 74.54 metres on her final attempt, setting a new GB record in the process. It also made her the first British hammer thrower to win an Olympic medal and ended a 28-year Olympic medal drought for GB in women's field events since Fatima Whitbread's silver at Seoul in 1988.
International competitions
q = in qualifying
References
Category:1991 births
Category:Living people
Category:English female hammer throwers
Category:Sportspeople from Burnley
Category:Olympic athletes of Great Britain
Category:Athletes track and field at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Category:Athletes track and field at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Category:Commonwealth Games competitors for England
Category:Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics
Category:Athletes track and field at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Category:Athletes track and field at the 2018 Commonwealth Games
Category:World Athletics Championships athletes for Great Britain
Category:Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for England
Category:Olympic bronze medallists for Great Britain
Category:Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Category:Olympic bronze medalists in athletics track and field |
Subsets and Splits