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[ { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "我們今天的協調會就跟我在院裡主持的一樣,就是會有兩份,一份是跟院處做成一般的會議紀錄,另外一個是會做逐字紀錄,逐字紀錄是大家都有10個工作天可以修改,不管是用化名,我們也有這樣的情況,或者是實質去修改自己發言的內容,只要上下文還算連貫一致,都可以的,所以不用擔心會被斷章取義等等,雖然我最近被斷章取義滿厲害的,但是應該不會有這樣的狀況。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "大家文來文往都看過了,其實文來文往的壞處是雙方的爭點沒有辦法對焦的情況,所以才特別請院處的朋友、財政部的朋友們一起來想一下我們在現有的法律裡面,特別是全民健保法裡面第一類落進去的話,就不會落到第二類去的話,如果第二類落不進去才會落到第二類去,這樣的精神應該怎麼樣在不具有僱用關係的,也就是勞動合作社無一定雇主的社員的情況之下去解釋這一件事,我想這個是最上面的,這個如果定位比較清楚的話,其他的其實都是執行的細節而已,法律的層級因為我想我們的立法者在立法時,對於勞動合作社也不一定是每個人都非常清楚,所以其實我們也不是只有在這一件事上,在幾乎所有的法律上,只要跟勞動合作社有關的,都會發現大家沒有考慮到勞動合作社性質的情況,所以這並不是任何部會朋友們的問題。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "但是就像立法者允許一些行政的解釋空間,我們要確保各部會的解釋,不要同樣的法律文字,但是做出不同的解釋,這樣子讓民間會五所依循,所以主要是要有一致的依循,先請內政部這邊先把努力看到主要的爭點來作一點說明,我們再來集思廣益看看如何解決。" }, { "speaker": "陳佳容", "speech": "政委及各位代表大家午安,首先真的要感謝政委願意對這樣的問題專程撥出一個時間來,真的非常感謝,全部的勞動合作社都很關注。" }, { "speaker": "陳佳容", "speech": "我想兩次的文都有看到,我想衛福部對於勞動合作社原則無一定雇主部分是沒有爭執,所以我們解讀應該在第二類的部分沒有問題,那個爭點是在第34條解釋的部分。" }, { "speaker": "陳佳容", "speech": "因為我們在解讀上很清楚第1類第1目至第3目的被保險人之投保單位,如果前面是成立的,然後是屬於第2類的。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "第34條就不適用。" }, { "speaker": "陳佳容", "speech": "是。所以在這裡會繞不出來,覺得明明寫得這麼清楚,怎麼彼此兩個部會的落差這麼多,我想這裡應該是處理第34條就足夠了。" }, { "speaker": "盧胤雯", "speech": "我們把目前兩個做法用很簡單的PPT先跟大家說明,好不好?我們直接進到第34條,這個是依第34條的架構來做的。" }, { "speaker": "盧胤雯", "speech": "投保單位我們說是雇主,雇主是要付兩種保費,第一種是一般保險費,他的算法都有提,就像投保的金額變成費率,是有負擔一個比率,現在是60%,一家平均眷口數,現在爭點在於補充保險費,投保單位支付的薪資總額要減掉受僱員工投保金額的總額再乘以補充保險的費率,這中間差在哪裡?" }, { "speaker": "盧胤雯", "speech": "我講一個比較具體的,像電子業,員工薪水一個月是拿5萬、10萬,但是有非常高額的年終獎金,對財政部來說,這個人的年收入是不只月投保金額,有很大的gap是在獎金,所以當時為了這一個部分,我們把這個錢在補充保費來作反映,所以會有補充保費的規範,我先把過去的故事先跟大家報告。" }, { "speaker": "盧胤雯", "speech": "回到內政部或者是衛福部,衛福部、內政部都是投保單位,內政部除了要發給員工薪資以外,還會付什麼錢?我們會有需要來部裡演講的老師,他拿到的也是「50」,他是我們的員工嗎?他不是,所以這個需要加總在這裡面,這個是沒有被扣到的,我們結算以後這一塊沒有扣到的,我們會有一個補充保險費。" }, { "speaker": "盧胤雯", "speech": "我們再往下看第二張,下面這張表是現有健保署實務運作時這樣算的,補充保險費提到是支付薪資總額,這個怎麼算的?是不拘發放的形式、也不論發放的對象,這個是我們之間很大的誤解,明明是第1類第1至3目,發給的對象是不拘的,我衛福部是第1類第1目,但是我會發給那一些可能來演講的老師,不見得是這個,有可能第2至6類,都有可能,所以現在的問題會出在這裡,這個是我們可能要溝通的點,我是不是先說明到這裡?" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "先確認一下,縱使不是第34條適用的狀態,實務上按照補充保險費的規定,其實並沒有特別說一定是第幾類,事實上我們看到補充保險費,像第1至6類的第31條也有補充保險費的相關規定。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "簡單來講,你的主張是補充保險費的這個概念,可能是跟第34條脫鉤的,是這樣嗎?" }, { "speaker": "盧胤雯", "speech": "我們科長先補充。" }, { "speaker": "蔣翠蘋", "speech": "跟政委報告,這個部分就是在講第34條,大家解讀跟內政部解讀不一樣的是,我們的第1至3目是在界定投保單位,如果本身是一個第1目至第3目的投保單位,發出去的薪資所得還是沒有對象,你找一個人來兼差,你不會知道是第幾類的,本身衛福部是第1類的投保單位,只要是這個投保單位,就是符合第34條的對象,發出去的總薪資就通通要負擔雇主的責任,薪資有可能負擔的是一般受僱員工即公務員,也有可能是來這邊打工的,打工的有可能不會在這邊加保,才會有一個發出去的薪資總數,扣掉投保金額,表示投保金額已經負擔過一般保險費了,那個差額是雇主沒有負擔到責任的部分,是用收取補充保險費的方式,基本上第34條的精神就是在這邊,只要有僱用員工,無論是兼差或者是全職的,都應該要跟雇主的責任,這樣才可以避免會用兼職員工來取代全職員工,這對員工來說也是一種保障,以上說明。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "我先確認文意,你的意思是第1類第1目至第3目被保險人之投保單位,這個是從第15條來的定義嗎?你剛剛已經講說這不是跟著我們分類被保險人,也就是第10條的分法,而是跟著第15條的分法嗎?" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "所以假設現在有一個勞合社並沒有僱用任何的員工,他當然就不能成為投保單位。" }, { "speaker": "蔣翠蘋", "speech": "不好意思,再補充一下,如果本身雇主沒有僱用任何一個人,他也會去成立投保單位,所以要有沒有申請成立。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "對。我現在是勞合社,我沒有僱用任何員工,就連我的理事主席也不是雇員的情況下,你的意思是不管第10條來看,第15條來看,反正就不成立投保單位。如果不成立投保單位的話,您剛剛所說的,像第1類第1目至第3目,也就是第29條的那個定義就不能適用在他的頭上?" }, { "speaker": "盧胤雯", "speech": "第34條。" }, { "speaker": "蔣翠蘋", "speech": "對,就不適用第34條。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "這個是第一件事,而第29條也是一樣的。凡是在這邊有提到所屬之投保單位,只要是有「投保單位」這四個字出現的時候,必須要先成立投保單位再成立,如果一個勞合社沒有成立投保單位,意思是沒有雇員的話,當然這一整件事都不存在。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "所以從我看起來,有一個勞合社既有僱用的一些人,他實際上成立了那些人的投保單位,但是又主張他的社員其實不算,這個時候是產生兩邊認定上的瑕疵,對不對?" }, { "speaker": "蔣翠蘋", "speech": "(點頭)" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "看內政部這邊,謝謝。" }, { "speaker": "陳佳容", "speech": "剛剛衛福部的長官有提到「不拘發放形式,不論發放對象」,這個是對應哪一個條文?第二個,第34條來看,我們的爭點在於受僱這一件事,因為社員不是雇主,如何來定義「受僱」?因為跟勞動部的僱用關係的解釋是不是不一樣?因為我們應該是以勞動部的僱用關係來看受僱的定義。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "他們講得滿清楚的,意思是在這邊擴充了「其受僱者」那四個字的定義,這邊講起來是包含委外兼職、演講等等,這一些當然其實以勞動部看起來沒有監督指揮關係等等,但是這邊預防頓逃進這個關係裡面,所以只要有拿給付的錢都算叫做第34條裡面的「其受僱者」。" }, { "speaker": "蔣翠蘋", "speech": "「的薪資所得」。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "我有聽懂,對,「的薪資所得」,所以意思是即使定性上不是「其受僱者」,他的薪資所得還是進入第34條的範圍,對不對?" }, { "speaker": "蔣翠蘋", "speech": "(點頭)" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "這邊的意思是「不是受僱者,單位投保金額顯然是0」,即使是0,支付薪資大於0,大於0就全部算進去了,意思是不是這樣?" }, { "speaker": "蔣翠蘋", "speech": "對。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "只要是人類,不分本國、外國人?" }, { "speaker": "蔣翠蘋", "speech": "要看有沒有符合財政部的屬性。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "要看「薪資所得」四字是交給財政部去定義。" }, { "speaker": "蔣翠蘋", "speech": "依他們的定義。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "也就是「薪資所得」四字的定義。這個進入所得稅法的涵括範圍內?" }, { "speaker": "蔣翠蘋", "speech": "是。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "所以按照所得稅法所定義的那一種薪資所得,無論是不是按照勞動基準法所定義的「受僱」,基本上都算作我們減號的左邊,右邊如果不該當,也就是不是受僱者,你就填0,這一筆錢還是要扣起來,意思是這樣?" }, { "speaker": "蔣翠蘋", "speech": "是。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "這樣滿清楚的。" }, { "speaker": "陳佳容", "speech": "這樣的問題是,以投保單位來看,勞動合作有行政人員,他是僱用關係,所以超過5個就是變成勞保單位,也就是變成兩種狀況,他就是一個投保單位,也就是就會進到第34條的投保認定,如果不是投保單位就不是,所以同樣的狀況底下,也就是無一定雇主的社員所組織的,但是有僱用行政人員的時候,結果是不一樣的,因此結果差異滿大的,負擔滿重的,我們希望有一個統一的、通用的一般解釋方式來處理。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "因為到「薪資所得」四字的時候,我們就進到賦稅署的範圍裡面了,進入到你們的守備範圍。因為這裡面的兩邊主張,其實我細看也不完全一樣,這邊會認為薪資所得按照所得稅法,其實意思是「凡公教軍警公私事業之薪資勞務之所得」的部分,也就是在第14條的部分。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "我們剛剛講到這整套的情況,扣掉行政人員,不曉得財政部怎麼看?" }, { "speaker": "吳君泰", "speech": "跟政委、長官報告,原則上就像剛剛提到的,所得的定義裡面,有關於薪資所得,就像剛剛所提到第14條相關的規定,當然除了本法的規定以外,我們也會針對不同的行為所衍生可能所得的情況來做一些解釋,所以其實像這個案子的勞合社,也就是目前沒有僱用關係的個人社員,因為基本上在這個型態上提供相關的勞務來獲得相關的報酬,所以今年3月7日發了一個解釋令,針對這樣子型態,我們不以有沒有僱用關係,因為也沒有說一定要有僱用關係才有薪資所得,我們其實是框有沒有勞務的型態,因此我們針對沒有僱用關係,但確實是提供勞務所獲得的報酬,這部分我們就把它認定是屬於所得稅法薪資的所得。" }, { "speaker": "吳君泰", "speech": "在薪資所得的規範下來之後,針對勞合社有開立免扣繳憑單的義務在,因為本身就是要開立扣繳憑單,所以在3月7日發的解釋令裡面,一併註明的是這一些勞合社要做什麼事。" }, { "speaker": "吳君泰", "speech": "因為是跟勞務買售人代收個人社員提供的報酬,然後全數轉給個人社員,這一塊我們當時解說這部分沒有課營業稅的問題,所以當時這個案子基本上是有營業稅的情況,所以我們才做了營業稅相關的解釋。" }, { "speaker": "吳君泰", "speech": "因為這要整個來看,所以會衍生個人社員有所謂的勞務報酬,就有衍生到薪資所得的部分,因此才會整個連續下來,就會衍生現在兩個部會針對全民健康保險法第34條到底要不要補充保費的爭議。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "感謝,我先確認一下我聽到的,如果不對,請跟我講。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "簡單來講,按照3月7日的想法,大概可以分成兩種,一個是勞合社的雇員,這樣是給付報酬,給付報酬是薪資所得,也就是把薪資給付到帳戶裡面,第二種情況是沒有僱用關係,也就是勞合社的社員,這個是轉付薪資報酬,但是仍然是薪資報酬,但是這兩個主要的差別,其實是在營業稅上,而不是在所得稅上,因為薪資報酬的所得稅是一樣的,是這個意思嗎?" }, { "speaker": "吳君泰", "speech": "屬性都是薪資報酬。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "對,依照衛福部這邊施行細則第55條,以財政部的這個函情況下,無論如何是算作薪資報酬,所以才會回到剛剛第34條的這邊,也就是放到減號的右邊去,對不對?" }, { "speaker": "蔣翠蘋", "speech": "左邊。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "當然右邊一直都是0,這個沒有任何人有爭議。財政部的想法是非常清楚。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "現在主要的狀態是,我們知道勞合社都在等今天討論的結果,我們實務上也知道勞合社有時就會聘行政人員,所以會成立投保單位,如果今天做成了,大家都不改任何立場、函釋或者怎麼樣的話,當然可以預見的是,有一些勞合社,可能會想盡辦法不要成立投保單位,然後把行政人員想辦法用另外的組織形態,或者是透過直接購買行政的這一件事,會把它化整為零、不成立僱用關係,想盡辦法不要讓自己變成投保單位,變成落入不是第1類,整個從來不可能落入第1類的狀況,這個是實務,因為上有政策、下有對策。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "這個情況,我不知道你們之前有沒有碰到過,或者是會覺得這一種情況要怎麼樣處理?" }, { "speaker": "盧胤雯", "speech": "我先說明,因為這個修法是102年,也就是二代健保之後才入法的,確實像政委所提到的,102年辦的時候,導致滿大的財政,因為每個單位都沒有編,好比衛福部也一樣,尤其社福團體來澄清,我們也有很多勞務委外,他就沒有編,假設今天是某大學來跟衛福部或者某社福團體來標衛福部的案子,所以他是一個投保單位。" }, { "speaker": "盧胤雯", "speech": "他除了幫他可能會聘的研究人員或者是工作人員來加勞健保之外,現在又衍生一個投保單位又要有補充保費,這個錢並沒有算進去。行政院當時有函覆當時的衛生署,也就是得動用預備金,而後都要編列一般預算,這一件事當時就有函釋,請大家務要幫忙,也就是這個錢要算進來。" }, { "speaker": "盧胤雯", "speech": "當時的情況一直到現在,#大部分比較有經驗的投保單位,多數都知道這一件事會變成雇主的成本,所以在管理費上反映。#salary因此為何在上次協調會的時候,這個案子的起因就是這個合作勞動社去跟榮總標了案子,榮總的錢是來自於退輔會,退輔會當時也同意你把這個成本反映到管理費,他ok的,所以這一件事沒有人不願意出這個錢。" }, { "speaker": "盧胤雯", "speech": "誤會在於可能我們講得還不夠清楚,為了這一件事,我們也要求了健保署,在成立投保單位的時候,要讓投保單位知道他還有這個成本,這一件事也已經要求六個分署都要去作宣導,我們也都有盯健保署,他們也有回饋給我們,都有在做,但是可能做得不夠,這一點我們會努力,多數是清楚的,可能問題出在真的沒有講清楚。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "真的,我們跟勞合社的對談上,他們沒有收到這個訊息。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "很抱歉,我剛剛問的問題不是這個,我剛剛問的問題是,在施行細則第44條裡面有提到如果一個投保單位180天都沒有人真的成為他的保險對象,那這樣的話,其實是可以註銷的,註銷之後就不再有投保單位的適格,也就不再成為投保單位,這個時候當然剛剛講的那一些都跟他一點關係都沒有。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "我剛剛具體的詢問是,今天的這個結果一旦出來、公布了,我可以預見的是,假設現在只有一個行政人員,就可以想盡辦法弄成不是投保對象,不管是什麼方法,這個時候只要等180天,就完全消失在視線之內,你們有沒有碰過什麼情況或者是想法?" }, { "speaker": "盧胤雯", "speech": "我們內部確實對這個有做過討論,也清楚這個就是不患寡、患不均。" }, { "speaker": "盧胤雯", "speech": "所以這個法是從102年當時到現在,我們也發現這個問題,坦白來講,上有政策、下有對策,所以我們內部也有在討論,當時訂了這個之後,可能會發現有一些還不夠周延,這個我們確實會在下一次修法時,這一件事會把它一次補上,讓人家覺得不夠公平的,以後內部的……" }, { "speaker": "蔣翠蘋", "speech": "我再補充一下,將來的方向其實是原本的立法原意,只是當時寫條文的時候有限定投保單位,也就是變成你有投保單位,才去做補充保費的扣取,但是原本的精神就如政委所說的,你有薪資給付,有人幫你做事,就是要負擔雇主的責任,不是負擔一般保險費,不然就是用補充保險費的方式來負擔。" }, { "speaker": "蔣翠蘋", "speech": "如果本身跟他真的沒有僱用關係,因為本來就沒有在考慮僱用關係,也就是考慮勞務報酬,如果認為是代收轉付的話,副座報告有其源頭,應該把源頭納入考慮來承攬這一些業務的時候,補充說明。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "我綜整一下我聽到的,從衛福部的立場,重點不是算第1類第1至3目,而是最後有薪資所得出現,總有某一個人要補充上這個保費,這個人當然可以發案子給勞合社的這個單位,而不是勞合社本身,因為我們瞭解勞合社並沒有什麼他覺得自己就是轉付而已,但是畢竟他是薪資,所以這個薪資必須在某一個程度上被人負擔到。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "所以這邊的概念如果找勞合社的話,其實也瞭解到勞合社自己就是雇主、雇員,根本沒有雇主、雇員的關係,也就是一人公司不成立投保單位,也不是投保單位,這樣的情況下,概念上未來最理想的情形下,這個還是要付,但說不定是派工作給他的人去接收,也就是讓做勞務單位所接收,並不是一人公司沒有成立投保單位來負擔,但是這個時候要溝通非常清楚,不管是這邊負擔或者是那邊負擔,總是要有人負擔,意思是不是這樣?" }, { "speaker": "蔣翠蘋", "speech": "是。" }, { "speaker": "陳佳容", "speech": "謝謝政委釐清。我們的困難是,剛剛政委有提到合作社並不是勞務買售人,是從勞務買售人那邊拿到錢轉給社員,所以理論上要付的是勞務買售人。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "是付薪資給勞動者。" }, { "speaker": "陳佳容", "speech": "一個很完美的例子是公務機關,他沒有問題,但在市場上是很難轉嫁,我們在看這個條文的時候,他並不是僱用關係,如何轉嫁給別人?如果是家庭僱用的話,那個部分怎麼講得清楚?如何跟勞務買售人要這一筆錢,一定是自己吸收,因為轉嫁不出去。" }, { "speaker": "陳佳容", "speech": "勞務承攬有很多的狀況,講的例子是所謂公開招標的方式,如果不是呢?他去承攬的部分,轉嫁不出去都是社員去承擔,不管是稅的問題或是其他的問題,都是社員要自己承擔這一塊。" }, { "speaker": "盧胤雯", "speech": "我們內部也跟健保署極力溝通,目前唯一能夠鬆口的是,買售人若非投保單位可以放寬,但是要跟健保署舉證,這個可以。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "好比像勞合社不是投保單位,假設行政人員想辦法都變不見了,然後又接另外一家勞合社之類的案子……" }, { "speaker": "蔣翠蘋", "speech": "他的意思是買的對象並不是榮總,而是跟個人買。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "理解,但是如果跟不是個人買。" }, { "speaker": "陳佳容", "speech": "比如家庭的清潔需求,買售人就不是投保單位。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "但是#社間合作,也可能兩邊都不是投保單位#invoice。" }, { "speaker": "蔣翠蘋", "speech": "是。內政部的長官是勞動合作社是一個單位,但是跟承攬對象並不是投保單位,這一個部分我們討論是有放寬的空間。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "我想要講的是,我是寫程式的,我參數改成這樣子,一定弄一個沒有行政人員的勞合社來接案子,想辦法把社間合作給有成立投保單位真正出現的勞合社,這樣子不是投保單位,你放寬了,不負健保的責任,這邊成立投保單位也無所謂,反正你這邊放寬還是可以僱行政人員。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "我專門找7個人,說不定是這7個勞合社的理事主席,一起成立一個代收轉付勞動合作社,這也是一種勞動,代收轉付也很累,我就不要請行政人員。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "這樣自動是不是放寬之後,突然這一件事就解決了?" }, { "speaker": "蔣翠蘋", "speech": "我懂政委的意思,我確認一下政委的意思。" }, { "speaker": "蔣翠蘋", "speech": "是不是提供勞務者本身先弄成不是投保單位,把工作包給一個是投保單位的,假設他又被財政部認定是代收轉付的薪資所得,這樣就回到剛剛所講的,這不是我們的立法原意,我們的立法原意是只要你有給出去薪資所得,這一些將來是……只是現在的法規。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "我理解。所謂現行法規的灰色地帶,如果今天要把這個灰色地帶講清楚,這邊馬上就會變成鑽漏洞……如果是合法的,就不會叫「鑽漏洞」,財政部叫「節稅」或什麼之類的。" }, { "speaker": "吳君泰", "speech": "「避稅」。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "對,就是避保費的一招就會出現,按照這邊的講法其實不是立法原意,有一天法律修改以後,白色地帶還是會被框進來,但是目前這邊放寬的話,實務上會出現這個情況,大家並沒有說有什麼狀態,因為我們如果要說這樣子,就是要區分個人不是投保單位,去請勞合社來清潔家裡,還有七個理事主席組成虛擬的代收轉付勞合社來作清潔狀態,這其實是沒有辦法區分的,因為從健保署的角度來看,都不是投保單位,都不是在你的視線之內。" }, { "speaker": "盧胤雯", "speech": "我們的好奇是,因為轉嫁到這個人,那個人在財政部的個人薪資所得,那一段的扣稅,因為勞務就不是投保單位,是個人,因此他省了這個,但是多了那個。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "不是個人,是另外一家勞合社,這裡沒有個人。" }, { "speaker": "盧胤雯", "speech": "喔!對。" }, { "speaker": "蔣翠蘋", "speech": "政委的腦筋轉得很快。" }, { "speaker": "陳佳容", "speech": "都有可能。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "因為這個情況跟他等180天,然後也在你們的視線裡消失,其實是非常像的,我們也沒有辦法防堵這個,然後不照顧到你們本來細則就已經明訂180天之後他就消失,因為他沒有再僱任何人的情況,我們現在很難回溯說要防堵這個,不然真的要回去改那個細則了,看起來這是合理避保費的做法,如果我的理解沒有錯的話。" }, { "speaker": "陳佳容", "speech": "所以衛福部的建議是,有沒有可行,我們還是用舉證的方式,雖然是一個投保單位,是就他僱用行政人員的部分來作補充保費,但是社員是屬於無一定雇主,是不是可以用舉證的方式造冊,然後給健保署來作處理?" }, { "speaker": "蔣翠蘋", "speech": "舉證什麼?" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "#內政部的提議是保持是投保單位,不需要想辦法找一個代收轉付勞合社來當中間的白手套,而是自己成立白手套的切分點,這邊是代收轉付,那邊是僱用給付,我的兩個名冊給付明細等等都給健保署#invoice,健保署就可以說:「我雖然成立了投保單位,但是他是虛擬的,不是非僱用關係這邊的投保單位,以我對你們細則的理解,其實沒有辦法做到這一件事。」確實沒有辦法,我看起來細則裡面不存在這個認定的空間。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "可以整個放寬買售人不是投保單位,這一件事勞合社當然就放寬,免負擔補充保費,但是很難說這個勞合社裡面的那一個員工算在薪資裡面,但是他的社員不算在社員裡面,因這部分已經切給財政部了,其實不是他們可以認定的。" }, { "speaker": "陳佳容", "speech": "所以是由勞合社來作舉證,等於是代收轉付的這一塊。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "但無論怎麼舉證都還是薪資,我們現在說的放寬是買售人非投保單位的狀態,這個狀態之所以可行,是因為他可以在代收轉付成立的情況下還是可以說,如果買售人非投保單位的狀態出現的話,其實你不需要在這邊給名冊或不給名冊,因為這個狀態一旦出現,你就自動放寬,你給名冊反而增加他們的管理成本,以我的理解,而且事實上不可能集合,因為你們合作社是社務的主管機關,除了相信你之外,到底還有什麼別的辦法?" }, { "speaker": "陳佳容", "speech": "但是這樣輔導很困難,有好幾套標準、制度在運作。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "就看衛福部有沒有什麼想法?我們之前常常做數位化的系統,會做讓民眾節省一小時,但是要讓公務員花兩小時的案子出來,這樣就不太永續,實務上大家都爆肝到一個程度。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "所以我們當然希望不要以鄰為壑,就是不要認為這邊解釋的成本省下來,但是要增加這邊稽核,或是查核的成本?我不知道你們這邊有沒有現成查核成本就可以知道所謂是否缺代收轉付性質的認定?" }, { "speaker": "蔣翠蘋", "speech": "都要自己舉證。#現在是請他舉證他的買售人,不是投保單位的這一段,因為對健保署來講,他是用財政部統一的資料在作稽核,如果財政部那邊的資料顯示這個薪資給付是合作社給的話,自然必須要負擔補充保險費,所以必須要自己去舉證,而且這真的是代收轉付,這要經過認定的,並不是他認為沒有僱用關係,他自己認為代收轉付就可以了,這必須要嚴謹。#invoice" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "他的做法是勞務買售人,你所謂舉出來的意思是他的統編、身分證字號或者是稅籍?" }, { "speaker": "蔣翠蘋", "speech": "不是,基本上健保署原則就是收,如果要豁免的話,要自己舉證說有合約,或者是形式是什麼,像他們查帳的背後相關資料,證明這一筆薪資所得是跟兩個家庭主婦買來的。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "這個在財政部這邊看起來覺得ok嗎?你們的令,也有一個類似像憑證的概念。" }, { "speaker": "吳君泰", "speech": "對。這個舉證剛才所提到的,應該說這個#確認是屬於一個代收轉付的性質,所以勞動合作社本身要有一個相關的憑證,而且有編制相關代收轉付的社員名冊、收付的明細,作為勞動合作社列帳憑證,這是被稽徵機關未來有選擇必要的時候,認為可以是屬於代收轉付,因此可以不用繳營業稅,我們在解釋令上有這樣的機制。#tax" }, { "speaker": "吳君泰", "speech": "但是這是為了讓稽徵機關有一個可以備用的,也就是必要時,可以看看你是不是真的是代收轉付的性質而可以免營業稅。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "我要講的是,你們這個令裡面,憑證上的文字有三角形,是勞務買售人的什麼?好比像姓名,你要寫到身分證字號、居住地址,你們的概念上這個算什麼?也就是由個人社員交由勞務買售人售之的時候,我如果在家裡清潔,他是寫我的姓名或是要寫到更多?" }, { "speaker": "吳君泰", "speech": "跟政委報告,因為這不是我們這一組的令,這個是另外一組所發的令。就我的理解,合作社把這個錢收到之後,要開立一個憑證,註明是由我這個社員交給某某家庭主婦,也就是作為類似收據的概念在裡面。" }, { "speaker": "吳君泰", "speech": "當然勞合社必須還要再作明細的資料,作為本身勞合社的憑證,然後可以供稽徵機關未來需要選查時可以提供。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "簡單來講,假設以家事清潔為例子,這個滿好的例子,我是一個持家者,我當然是有我的姓名,他給我的憑證裡面,只要寫我的姓名就好了。但在勞合社這邊,不能只寫我的姓名,必須要更清楚的資料,同名同姓的很多,憑證裡面要給到更細讓你們看,意思是不是這樣?" }, { "speaker": "吳君泰", "speech": "對。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "所以勞合社給的資料是大於給持家者的資料?" }, { "speaker": "吳君泰", "speech": "是。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "所以衛福部的概念,或許我們可以做出一個講法,或許勞合社的列帳憑證的資訊,裡面已經有足夠的資訊讓我們在勾稽的時候可以自動化,而不是訪查——沒有人有力氣訪查——自動化的方式知道不是投保單位,也許可以免除掉剛剛所說的補充保費狀態,是吧!可以先說一下嗎?先確認一下我們的理解是一致的。" }, { "speaker": "蔣翠蘋", "speech": "意思沒有錯,但還沒有開始執行,實務面的細節,到時要再跟保險人確認,是怎麼樣的流程,大家不要花這麼多的精神,然後可以怎麼樣最流暢,但是基本上就是要做相關的舉證,類似財政部的相關資料,因為基本上是不是代收轉付的東西,事實上還是要以他們的標準來當作標準。" }, { "speaker": "蔣翠蘋", "speech": "很大的前提是,因為大家都比較忽略勞雇關係,因為合作社跟社員事實上以我們的理解,不見得一定沒有僱用關係,所以前提必須沒有僱用關係,真的是代收轉付,這個憑證還是要以財政部比較嚴謹的認定方法。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "剛剛財政部已經表示這一張憑證上的字樣不是重點,他們稽核是放在勞合社的這一筆資料,那張紙是不是要寫到「勞務進行時間幾點至幾點的過程中,不是被我們僱用的人,而只是普通社員等等」,似乎沒有這個必要,對不對?還是其實有這個必要?有的話也要講啊!" }, { "speaker": "吳君泰", "speech": "這個跟政委報告,這是今年3月7日才發的令,這個令坦白來講,基本上是要解決勞合社的營業稅要不要課稅問題,所以我們用這個方式來解它。因此備註的是需要一些憑證,不管是列帳憑證或者是什麼,都是供稽徵機關查核。" }, { "speaker": "吳君泰", "speech": "但是要表達的是,這個是for稅的查核,至於要寫到多細,這個是今年3月7日的令,到現在的情形其實也沒有多久的時間,所以我不確定稽徵機關實務上有沒有需要更細的資料,還沒有形成一個範例之類的。" }, { "speaker": "吳君泰", "speech": "但我要再表達一點,剛剛衛福部的長官是,如果在查核現在這個案子補充保費的部分,要用現在這個來做認列,因為補充保費跟稅畢竟還是不同,是不是一定都依照稽徵機關要他所提供的資料,可能衛福部自己要考慮一下。而且除了代收轉付之外,背後的這一個是不是所謂的投保單位,你們的強度或是跟稅上不太一樣,也許不能一概用這個資料,這可能要請衛福部審慎考量。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "他們之所以可以這樣用,並不是因為這個好用或不好用,而是因為在細則第55條裡面已經很明確指向所得稅法第14條第1項第3類去了,我們依法行政,這個是我看起來唯一可行的一條通道,你們的令也是扣著薪資所得,所以就會變成你們的令跟第55條發生關聯,所以並不是好像一魚兩吃嗎?就是一個憑證忽然可以作兩個用法,而是在細則第55條本來薪資所得的認定,是所得稅法怎麼講就怎麼講。" }, { "speaker": "吳君泰", "speech": "對,這個沒有問題,所得稅法是跟各類所得自然有其自然的定義,衛福部的扣稅標準要跟著,這個也ok,只是在這個案子上看到的憑證,是不是要獨立於稅……" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "是不是要兩魚兩吃。" }, { "speaker": "吳君泰", "speech": "是,這個要再考量一下。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "不過這個我想我們還是以減少勞合社的成本為主要的考量,如果要作為一個列帳憑證專門給財政部,又做一個列帳憑證專門給衛福部或者是給健保署,然後格式還不一樣,我們馬上就被批評擾民,這一些理事主席其實從某個角度來講,被選出來全部都是民意代表,內政部合團司就會面臨很大的壓力。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "我的建議是,合作社民意開立憑證上的註明需要到多細,我想會希望我們先去看一下到底實際發生的案例裡面,到底已經到多細,盡可能不要增加他的麻煩,我想還是請合團司來幫忙,看一下現有按照3月的令,在執行時的範本是什麼,也許我們可以有一、兩個範本直接放在你們的網站上,因為你們的網站上本來就有這個令,隨時可以加一、兩個附件,這個來開立憑證比較好的格式是什麼,大家印出來填幾個就上去了。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "這樣的好處什麼?第一個,大家可以知道這個是我們今天三部會商說這個確實是薪資所得,這個在說明上會變得很容易,因為勞合社說這個大部分都不是薪資,如果把薪資所得代收轉付直接印在範本上,這樣大家就不會在這邊覺得到底是或不是。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "然後如果這邊後來說買售人如果不是投保單位的話,他可以豁免等等,也就直接印在那一張上,這個憑證事實上是有說明功能的,所以這個時候的這個買售人,甚至填他的名字時,也許勾「非投保單位」或什麼之類的,你懂我的意思嗎?那張紙一魚兩吃,之所以大家常常會購併是做目的外之利用,但現在還沒有一個範本,我們可以把這十個魚設計成雙頭魚,也就是兩個部分都寫在這個憑證上,這樣就不會有目的外的問題,這張憑證很明顯可以充當目的外使用,我們希望買售人充分理解到在勞合社的紀錄裡面,已經被登記成不是投保單位,因為這個是他自己的權益,如果明明是投保單位的話,你也不能說看到上面說不是投保單位,然後不來告知這個勞合社,所以這時法律歸屬的權責就會變得比較分明,不然就會變成買售人後來來抗議說是投保單位,或者他後來抗議其實不是投保單位,也沒有辦法讓勞合社一下子就知道所有的買售人主張是投保單位或不是投保單位的時候,到底他的狀態是怎麼樣,所以不如在那個憑證上,我們就說這一件事發生的時候,是或不是投保單位,這一件事就很清楚。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "憑證發出去,我這邊當然會有類似副本,或者是列印憑證之前的資料庫,也就是財政部跟衛福部都可以看的,這樣是不是比較好一點?" }, { "speaker": "蔣翠蘋", "speech": "謝謝政委設想很周到。我們部裡面來做這個範例沒有問題,是不是可以請財政部再跟衛福部確認這樣的表單是認可的?因為我們常常看到財政部這個分署認,那個分署不認,或許我們可以用比較正式的方式來行文,也就是把表單設計出來,大家來確認,然後來說這個是哪一件事。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "我們建議工作層級先確認,沒有問題的話,我們提到像社創的兩個月一次會議上,因為那個是院的會議,可以留有你可以給三級機關的紀錄,現在很多是三級機關資料彼此確認沒有那麼容易,我們在院這邊留一個會議紀錄,他們由上而下確認,大家說沒有問題就沒有問題了,就循著之前跟工程會等等的那一種做法來作,好不好?" }, { "speaker": "陳佳容", "speech": "好,謝謝。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "這邊是不是還ok?" }, { "speaker": "盧胤雯", "speech": "還ok。" }, { "speaker": "陳佳容", "speech": "謝謝政委,我們有一個實務上的問題,剛剛衛福部是說勞務買售人不是投保單位的話就可以,但是我們實務上的運作是,是自然人的買售人,並不是投保單位,在運作上就沒有問題,也不會要開這個,所以一般合作社是今天服務這一家,錢他自己收,收了之後他只是去社裡面去繳行政操作費,因此基本上就沒有所得來透過合作社處理。" }, { "speaker": "陳佳容", "speech": "會有問題都是集體承攬的部分,一定是勞務買售人,也就是一定是有投保單位,等於這一塊是解決了個人這一塊。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "就像我剛剛講在中間成立一個代收轉付就解決了,至少到法律修正以前是解決了,真的啊!中間多一個穿透式……對不起,我不能亂用法律名稱(笑),真的是有一點像穿透式買售人情況。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "真的中間有一個代收轉付的勞合社,所有提供的服務是代收轉付,沒有行政人員,所以不是投保單位,跟一個有投保單位(民間機構)來進行承攬,而這個承攬因為不是投保單位,所以就不落入剛剛第34條的整套東西當中,因為做到之後就馬上發給有投保單位的勞合社,也就是社間合作,這樣沒有問題,只要寫買售人是勞合社,這樣就解決了。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "這一件事其實等於是規避掉這一件事所有補充保費的部分,其實按照衛福部的想法是這個應該要修,只是還沒有修進來而已,這個會變成在過渡時期的情況。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "這個並不完全是一件壞事,我們拋出這個,並不是真的設立它,而是拋出這個想法的話,未來等到全民健保法修法的話,關於勞合社的性質,立法委員才有實際的狀態,才可以問說立法之爭議到底這一種情況是算在補充保費還是不算在補充保費,這個是很具體的討論。因為立法院並沒有就具體的情況來做討論,這個未必是一件壞事,目前好像只能解決這個程度而已,比這個解決到更多的話,是要修正到細則了,但是我看現在的能量並沒有到修細則的程度。" }, { "speaker": "陳佳容", "speech": "我們補充一下,勞動合作社要成立類似這樣的代收轉付,我們一定不會讓他成立。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "當然。實務上如果真的本來就沒有什麼行政需求,說不定真的等180天,等自己的投保單位失格喪失,然後就註銷,註銷完就什麼都沒有。" }, { "speaker": "陳佳容", "speech": "確實有一些規模就沒有。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "開始註銷或者是沒有設立,很自然就會變成這一種代收轉付的中間人,你不需他設立也沒有用。" }, { "speaker": "陳佳容", "speech": "因為他有合作社法,社員有70%的限制。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "理解。" }, { "speaker": "陳佳容", "speech": "還有其他的限制。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "我們也知道農合用準社員的方法來處理。" }, { "speaker": "陳佳容", "speech": "我們會一起處理。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "坦白來說,合作社法最新的這一版,就是大家在試其邊界,也是各位正在處理的課題,所以我想是綜合考慮會比較好。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "在這邊至少買售人沒有設立投保單位,或者是勞合社沒有設立投保單位的這兩個情況,只要在憑證當中的兩個之一有看到這一件事的話,至少這邊願意做明確的認定,我覺得已經有所推進了。" }, { "speaker": "盧胤雯", "speech": "今天健保署沒有來,所以在實務上還是要跟健保署討論,法規是我們這邊訂,但是實務執行有非常多的樣態。" }, { "speaker": "盧胤雯", "speech": "因為他們不會想一些,所以未來在查核上如何認定,我們真的要問,就像剛剛政委所提到的,有可能可以有什麼樣的變形,在實務查核上有沒有什麼樣的想法,我們可以再問。" }, { "speaker": "盧胤雯", "speech": "但是確實有舉幾個例子,像勞動合作社是盲人按摩,所以售買人是盲人,具體這一件事,是的,他沒有意見,但是剛剛提到變形的,實務查核上有沒有意見,我們還要再詢問。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "一定很有意見,我們是上有政策,一定會有別的對策,不是這個對策也是會有別的對策。這個憑證是建議做法,如果這邊有開立憑證,他可以同時充當這個查核之用,而且有這樣的帳冊,不管未來法律怎麼變,至少這一件事的定性,三個部會是同意的,所以如果不這樣做,其實會有社會壓力,我們現在跟勞合社做生意,以後都看到會養成憑證習慣的話,有一個是勞合社,但是他不開,就會說他是不是雇員,他其實是雇員等等,這樣還是會對合作教育有一點好處,不管是一開始是要為了避保險費或者是營業稅或者是別的東西,但是讓大家更知道勞合社的性質,這樣才是重點。" }, { "speaker": "陳佳容", "speech": "是的。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "如果大家ok的話,麻煩做成正式會議紀錄的時候,也請大家看一下足以拿回去做工作記得對焦,請健保署再溝通看看,因為衛福部的意向很明確,麻煩內政部給範本,像給買售人跟自己要紀錄哪一些欄位的部分,最好這兩個是一致的,如果發現欄位非常多,填的時候填其中幾個就好了,給買售人是子集合,勞合社的欄位是大的集合,然後再確認這兩邊的稽徵是沒有問題,所以就把你們合作社的官網上跟著這個令一起公告或者是另行公告沒有關係,這個公告之前,如果剛好有社創會議,就帶到社創會議來,大家再確認一次,這樣子他們只給給健保署或者是給其他的,就公文上比較容易一點。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "我們是12月27日是社創聯繫會議,所以希望12月27日這一些作業都完成,中間儘量除非必要,不要文來文往,真的有發公文的需求,大家把需求發出來,用那一場的會議紀錄來發公文,大家的行政成本都減一些。" }, { "speaker": "陳佳容", "speech": "我們的窗口先聯繫。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "今天就先到這邊,非常謝謝大家。" } ]
https://sayit.pdis.nat.gov.tw/2010-01-01-%E6%B8%AC%E8%A9%A6%E5%BF%83%E6%99%BA%E5%9C%96
[ { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "Thank you for your time. My name is Rino Nugroho. I’m from Sebelas Maret University in Indonesia. Today, I have a research with my colleague, Professor Liao, from NSYSU and my colleague as well in UNS and assistant at NSYSU, Galan." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "I would like to know more about misinformation and disinformation. You already read of the informed consent. You agree to do this interview, am I right?" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Yes, you are right." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "This is part of the…" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "…100 percent correct." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "This is part of the…" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "True." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "Thank you." }, { "speaker": "Dachi Liao", "speech": "Just ask the questions." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "No disputes." }, { "speaker": "Dachi Liao", "speech": "Take it easy, take it easy. Minister is really nice. Don’t worry, he’s not a typical…" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "I’m not going to evade any of the questions. I understand I can opt out of questions, but I will answer each and every one. Go ahead." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "The first thing that I want to ask is how do you know about misinformation or disinformation and fake news?" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "We don’t use the term fake news here in the administration. We talk about disinformation, which is intentional untruth that cause public harm. That’s disinformation. If it’s unintentional, then it’s just misinformed." }, { "speaker": "Dachi Liao", "speech": "Why do you not mention fake news?" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "In Mandarin, news, 新聞, and journalism, 新聞業, share the same word. There’s no way to say fake news without offending journalists in Mandarin. We don’t have two words for news and journalism. It’s the same word. Journalism is literally “news work.”" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "If we say fake news, 假新聞, then it sounds like we’re accusing journalists of wrongdoing. Because both my parents are journalists, out of filial piety, 孝道, I cannot use the term fake news." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "I get the idea of it." }, { "speaker": "Dachi Liao", "speech": "That’s very interesting." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "That’s interesting terminology. Usually, there are some literature saying fake news. In my country, they also say fake news is…" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "That’s right, but in one of the UN reports that I read, they also crossed the term fake news and switched to disinformation. Nowadays, when we talk about the disinformation crisis, we also call it a infodemic. That’s something that’s new this year because of the pandemic." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "Sorry again, but it’s part of the process of the interview. What is your position right now that may affect or affected by the disinformation or misinformation?" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "A lot of the work that we are doing is based on the idea of people, public, private partnership. That is to say the social sector will set the norm. For example, countering coronavirus, we would need the social sector to get a norm of wearing mask and washing hands. If the social norm is not established, top-down actions doesn’t quite work, and we know that around the world." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "The same holds for the infodemic, just as it’s for the pandemic. It requires a communally recognized norm. For example, during the elections, it needs to be a norm that all the candidates need to disclose their campaign donation and expenditure for independent journalists to analyze. That’s a norm." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "If people do not hold that as a norm, then no amount of top-down action will get the dark patterns, the people who spread disinformation during election campaign to discourage people from voting, to undermine the trust in the democratic process and so on." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "All that requires a strong social sector norm to be set around the democratic process. That’s why I always put people first in people, public, private partnership." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "Triple P." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Yeah, PPPP, people first, then public sector, then private sector, and then partnership." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "Interesting." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "This is my position." }, { "speaker": "Dachi Liao", "speech": "PPPP, you follow that." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "Yeah. Is it right if I say that, in combating the disinformation, you in Taiwan using social engineering? Like you said before, you creating the norm instead of just top-down?" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Yeah, but I wouldn’t call it engineering. Social engineering has a meaning in cybersecurity. That means to essentially counterfeit somebody’s identity, so that’s what you mean by social engineering. Again, to avoid ambiguity, we use a social-sector-first approach." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "Social sector first approach?" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Yeah. The social sector is variously called voluntary sector, third sector, or civic sector. There’s many term for this idea. We say social sector because it points to the social innovation, which is part of my work. We use the social innovation from the social sector to tackle issues of social media. [laughs] Then it’s the same prefix in all those components." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "I would also say that the Taiwan model of social-sector-first approach also means that the legitimacy of social-sector actors is higher than that of public sector and the private sector, for example the Executive Yuan or Facebook. Both have a lower legitimacy compared to social sector organizations. I think that’s correct and that needs to be the case." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "That’s interesting. If you say the social sector, who would be in the social sector if you identify them?" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "For example, there is this idea that professional journalists can serve in a non-partisan way to fact-check existing messages. In Taiwan, for example, that’s the Taiwan Fact-Check Center, which is part of the International Fact-Checking Network, the IFCN." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Because it’s voluntary, it solves a common problem, and anyone can contribute. That fits the definition of social sector. Certain, the TFCC is not a business in the private sector. Neither are they a extension of the administration, so they are not part of the public sector. I would refer to the TFCC, for example, as a social-sector actor." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "TFCC is like a crowd concept? People will try to do the fact-check rather than…" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "They have full-time staff, but the funding is based on small-scale crowd funding. They don’t accept donation from political parties, politicians, or the public sector." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "They’re trying to be free from all of those." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "That’s right, so they could be neutral when it comes to fact-checking." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "That’s interesting. That is the strategy, the social sector first?" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Yes." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "Do you think it is difficult to handle that? In some countries, doing that kind of approach having difficulties as well. At some point, they become partisan, they become opposition, or they become government supporters." }, { "speaker": "Dachi Liao", "speech": "Cannot be trusted by the public." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "How can they be trusted by…" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "That’s exactly right. More than one fact-checker is essential. For example, MyGoPen, which is another International Fact-Check Network member in Taiwan, they can fact-check some time, but the TFCC may have a different view on the same thing." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "The more people join and participate as essentially part-time fact-checkers, the more the fact-checkers themselves will be held to account when it comes to transparency and accountability. Participatory accountability is very important to support the social sector." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "That holds true for everyone in Taiwan’s social sector. Their legitimacy, why is it high? That is because everyone can participate and hold them accountable in the process." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "That’s interesting." }, { "speaker": "Dachi Liao", "speech": "What made this kind of fact-check…" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "In Taiwan, members of IFCN is just MyGoPen and TFCC. There are also other non-IFCN-accredited fact-checking groups available. For example, the Cofacts project from g0v is not a IFCN member, but it is trusted by many. Cofacts also partners, for example, with Trend Micro, which is Taiwan’s leading antivirus company. That’s one example." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "There’s a company called Whoscall in Taiwan that does fraud detection for caller identification and so on, but they are not a IFCN…" }, { "speaker": "Dachi Liao", "speech": "Fact-check." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "They’re not a IFCN member, but they do have a chat bot that partners with Cofacts for fact-checking and scam detection purposes. It’s called Meiyu 美玉姨, Aunt Meiyu." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Whoscall and Meiyu are not IFCN members." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "According to your opinion, apart from the COVID-19, what is the most threatening of disinformation in Taiwan." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "At the moment, of course, we are between a presidential election and the referenda. It’s alternating years, a presidential election, and then the next year, a referendum and the national referendum. The next year will be mayoral election, then referendum, then election, then referendum. It’s on this zigzag, tick-tock…not that TikTok." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "…tempo. Every time we are approaching one particular referenda or one particular election, the disinformation concerning those referenda topics will start to grow." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "The reason is that people already pay attention to these topics, so the likelihood of people sharing some unconfirmed piece of information increases because people would, of course, want to share something of a timely and pressing topic to their friends and families to inform them better on the election or on the referenda." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "The topic that is the most trending depends on, because we’re in the referendum year this year, the ongoing referendum signatures. These trending referendum topics, of course, also become [snaps] a more shareable ground for disinformation." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "You said before that you understand that the disinformation, they tend to be high during election or during referendum." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "In the months leading up to an election or referenda, all up to the date itself. During the election day, for example, we also had disinformation that tried to discredit the voting process saying there’s invisible ink printed by CIA or something like that." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "That’s similar to us." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Of course, we dispelled that. During our counting, YouTubers can look at the counting because we allow recording devices, and we only use paper ballots. During that time, all the different parties’ members can use an app. It may be called 英眼部隊 or 穿雲箭, or some other app to, in real time, tally the counting process and report any unusual circumstances." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "The public trust in those counting process is higher than the agents that spread the disinformation about the election process, which is why, by and large, and thanks to a contribution to TFCN and so on, by the election day, the clarification message has already spread to more people than the disinformation that tried to attack the voting process." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "On the week afterward, the conspiracy theories and so on just die down. Our presidential election this time is pretty well-guarded by the citizens’ participation in the counting process. Again, that’s a case for participatory accountability." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "Interestingly, how do you know that there’s some issues going up and some issues going down? Are you having something that is…" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "If you look at the dashboard in the LINE company, they show such a trend, and it’s public." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "You use the same data?" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Yeah. Anyone can long-press a message in LINE into an encrypted messaging platform to report trending disinformation. Like this many people have reported this many likely disinformation. This shows the trendiness of such disinformations at this very moment." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "Just to clarify, before disinformation is spread, you predict that, and then you give another…" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "A clarification." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "…a clarification before the disinformation." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "It’s already trending on certain groups…" }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "It’s already trending?" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "…in the LINE platform. Because they are end-to-end encrypted, you can’t find them with a Google search or something. Between the time the that it gets trending on selected LINE groups to the time that it gets trending on public media or on public social media, this is the period that we need to work a clarification message. We’re already aware of it, but it has not yet affected a majority of the population." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "Very interesting. One of the way to fight the disinformation is just giving all the story before the fake news be observed. I think that’s the best strategy to use." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Yeah, but, of course, the clarification that we give also need to be trending. It also need to be viral. Our approach is called humor over rumor, making sure that our clarification messages are humorous so people will share it." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "Interesting." }, { "speaker": "Dachi Liao", "speech": "Humor over rumor, very interesting term." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "Research also tells that usually disinformation spread using humor. You use humor to clarify the…" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Exactly, yes." }, { "speaker": "Dachi Liao", "speech": "Can you give a example how humor over rumor…?" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "For example, this is a very cute…" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "…Shiba Inu. This is called Zongchai. It’s a Shiba Inu. It’s a dog. The dog lives with the Ministry of Health and Welfare’s participation officer so that any time there’s a rumor about the pandemic, the dog can go out and clarify." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "For example, the dog can also remind you to cover your mouth and nose when sneezing, so don’t do this. Then, when we introduce physical distancing rules, there’s many different versions, different messages. People were not sure how to observe the physical distancing. I just said 1.5 meters, but it’s not easy to remember." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "The clarification messages says, “If you’re indoor, keep three Shiba Inu away,” and I can mentally picture three dogs between us. [laughs] If you’re outdoor, you have to keep two Shiba Inu away or wear a mask. That’s a funny clarification." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "That’s funny." }, { "speaker": "Dachi Liao", "speech": "Can you pass this to us? That’s a kind of a…" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Of course." }, { "speaker": "Dachi Liao", "speech": "[laughs]" }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "Thank you." }, { "speaker": "Dachi Liao", "speech": "A great example. [laughs]" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Yeah, the Shiba Inu is very cute. It’s called Zongchai." }, { "speaker": "Dachi Liao", "speech": "Zongchai is a Mandarin pronunciation. In Mandarin, we say 總柴, similar to Zongchai. It’s a trusted…" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "It’s a word play by itself. It sounds similar to 總裁, a Shiba Inu." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "This particular Shiba Inu dog, this particular dog has the name Zongchai, and “Zongcai” means CEO." }, { "speaker": "Dachi Liao", "speech": "Trusted CEO." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Right." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "It’s like the chief dog." }, { "speaker": "Dachi Liao", "speech": "It’s similar as the…" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "The chief Shiba Inu. That’s a wordplay. Even the name of the dog is part of the humor." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "Interesting." }, { "speaker": "Dachi Liao", "speech": "Who made this kind of a humor…" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "The participation officer in the Ministry of Health and Welfare." }, { "speaker": "Dachi Liao", "speech": "I heard about them." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "The PO literally lives with this dog." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "All they need to do is to go back home, which is quite close to the Ministry, and take new pictures. They don’t even need to pay for Shutterstock or some other photo." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "Thank you. For the next question, do you think that disinformation have a special purpose here in Taiwan?" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Have a what?" }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "Have a purpose." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Each disinformation, because it’s intentional untruth for public harm, has a different intention. The intention varies, so each disinformation have a very different purpose." }, { "speaker": "Dachi Liao", "speech": "Can you name a few you feel is…" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Of course. For example, there was a disinformation that says killing a police in Hong Kong earns young people $20 million. That’s intentional. It’s not true. It causes harm. This was trending last November, right before our presidential election, probably because the person or the group who spread this disinformation understood that this will become the deciding issue in our presidential election." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "They want to preemptively paint the Hong Kong protesters as riotous so that it will not be a factor in our presidential election. They back it up with photo, like this photo. Actually, this photo was from Reuters, and the Reuters photo said nothing about paying anything or about murdering police. It has a very neutral caption that says there are young people in the protests. That’s all it says." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "However, the disinformation switch to a very different caption, but retaining the same photo. This is intentional, and it causes harm. The Taiwan Fact-Check Center traced the first poster of this message. It is the Weibo account of the Zhongyang Zhengfawei, Chang’an Jian, the Communist Party’s political and law unit. It’s not covert. It’s overt. It’s posted publicly on their Weibo." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Interestingly, this makes the round in Taiwanese social media but not in Hong Kong. This is very interesting when it comes to the intention. We would say, of course, the purpose seems likely to try to make Hong Kong a non-issue for the Taiwanese presidential election. That seems to be the intention of this disinformation, but I have not talked to Chang’an Jian, so I cannot confirm that it’s their true intention." }, { "speaker": "Dachi Liao", "speech": "How do we deal with that?" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "We use a tactic called notice and public notice. Whenever you want to share this mis-captioned photo on, say, Facebook, you can still share it, but it shows a public notice, “According to the TFCC, this information is a disinformation that was first posted by the Chinese Communist Party’s Chang’an Jian Weibo account.”" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "You’re not forced to take down anything. We’re not taking down anything, but whenever this is making the rounds, everyone sees this public attribution that this is essentially state-sponsored propaganda." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "Who did this, TFCC? Who did all of those…" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "The TFCC provided the fact-check. If you want to see how it is done, you can look at the TFCC website and search for the 204. The 204th fact-check that they did is this particular one, just one example." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "In that case, is it right if I say that the disinformation comes from outside the country?" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "There are also disinformation that comes from inside the country. For example, there was another disinformation at this time this year, on this February, that says, “We’re running out of masks. The only way to get a mask is to share this message and leave your contact information.”" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "That’s, of course, not true. This, of course, incites a kind of panic in the persons that they share. The TFCC people actually shared this and left their contact info, but they didn’t receive a box of masks as promised." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "[laughs]" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Obviously, it is disinformation and probably just to scam people, to get people’s contact emails and know that they are more likely suspect to scams. This probably is domestic. This probably is not something that comes from outside of the country." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "Which one is more dominant? Is it outside or inside the country?" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Can’t say that as a generic response. It all depends on particular agenda. Also depends on how close it is to the presidential election. [laughs]" }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "In terms of presidential election, some countries also have the echo chambers effect where each of the supporters have entrusted their own links and so forth. Is it happens as well here?" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Of course. According to independent media who actually interviewed the people who goes to the rally of the presidential candidate Han Kuo-yu, presidential candidate Tsai Ing-wen, surprisingly, they have a lot more in common than they thought." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Both camps believe in deepening democratization, and both camps believe in connecting more with international community. It’s just either camp, although knowing this is important, accuse the other camp of not doing this enough, but the values are the same." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "How about COVID-19, specifically? Are there any disinformation that is still going until now?" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Now, probably not. I already shared the one about the mask shortage thing." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "It’s for early 2020." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "It was in February. Around the same time, there was a lot of disinformation like, in County X or Town X in Taiwan, there’s a lot of corpses that are being hidden by the local authorities, with some photo from some zombie movies and things like that. They stopped trending long ago." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "I would say during the height of the pandemic, there’s some disinformation. Since we are essentially post-COVID since May, the kind of disinformation…It trends on the idea of people actually caring about this. The same message will not make people share it." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "If you want share a message that says, “In County X, there’s 10,000 people dying of COVID, and it’s being hidden by the local municipal mayor,” this may make it very sensational back in February or March, but it makes no dent in public awareness here because people understand it’s not very unlikely to be the case." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "About that, what do you think is more prevalent in terms of the reason triggering the spread of COVID-19 fake news or other disinformation? Some researchers found that there are three, at least. Interpersonal relationship, I mean by saying here, if I close to you, then I tend to trust you more than the government or more than other sources." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "Or the issue relevance. Let’s say COVID-19 in February will be fairly…" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Exactly, more relevant than now." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "…trustable. Sometimes the disinformation getting spread wider because the personal efficacy. Here, if someone just don’t care about it, “I don’t care about this. I don’t have any issues about that, and I don’t care about it.” Which one is more dominant in here?" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "I think the main thing is none of the three. The main thing is the emotional tone of the message. All the example I just shared with you evoke a sense of outrage. In Taiwan, we call this outrage directed to a specific person or to specific people as 出征, going on an expedition." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Meaning that people would seek some sort of revenge or discrimination out of a perceived injustice that evokes the sense of outrage. The more that the disinformation travels on this shared sense of vengeful outrage, the more likely that it will spread." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "It’s common to use scare tactics in spreading disinformation?" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Yeah, but also outrage, meaning that there need to be a clearly identified wrong. For example, paying young people to murder police is wrong, so we need to share the message to support law for police. This is outrage." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "In some countries, there are some issues with disinformation and democracy. How do you perceive this in Taiwan?" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "In Taiwan, we think that, if we counter disinformation, we must not make a U-turn back to the martial law days where the government can censor unwelcome speech from the civil society, from the social sector. Well, in the martial law, there was no social sector. [laughs] There was just some civil society individuals because they were not allowed to form a coalition. [laughs]" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "We really don’t want to make this U-turn, which is why this social problem need to be solved by the social sector with social innovation. The more that we encourage, like notice and public notice, which makes it more social, rather than take-down, which makes it more anti-social. All the prosocial efforts organized by the social sector is to be preferred because it makes the democratic system more democratic." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "On the other hand, the antisocial ways, for example, a forced take-down, will essentially divide the population into the people who believe in such a take-down and the people who do not believe in such a take-down. Every time something authoritarian is done, the society become more polarized and less democratic." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "We will often intentionally not do any of those take-downs or any of those top-down approaches, but rather rely on the social sector who may be seen as more indirect. Actually, it’s more empowering." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "In some countries, they believe that using that kind of social-sector approach or similar to like that, using that takes time to do that. Does it…" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "It’s more indirect." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "Yes, indirect. That’s why, in some countries, they’re doing the top-down approach." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Of course, but you can compare that to a lockdown. The lockdown is very effective the first time around, but once the lockdown is longer in time or if you repeatedly do lockdown, then it cause a fatigue. People don’t want to comply any more because the more you do it, the more people feel restricted." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "The first time around, of course, it’s very effective. I’m not disputing that, but the marginal return will be diminishing over time. On the other hand, if we just rely on people sharing cute dog pictures and reminding each other to wear a mask to protect against your own unwashed hands, this maybe looks slow at first." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Because it’s people’s own idea, it’s social innovation, it doesn’t rely on any lockdown. Eventually, it will empower the civil society so that the social sector will be able then to remind each other to not only wear mask but be very innovative in promoting pink, rainbow, the flag of the country, or many other [laughs] design of medical masks. It becomes a statement of fashion. If you do a top-down lockdown, none of this innovation will be possible." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "Interesting. In terms of infodemics, we’ve done some research on some countries using the website, and then we took from…What we call the website?" }, { "speaker": "Septyanto Galan Prakoso", "speech": "The…" }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "I forget the name of the website. We look at some countries, and Taiwan one of them. The only three countries that use fact-checkers provided by government regarding the infodemics, and Taiwan is not one of them." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Yeah, because the Taiwan Fact-Check Center or MyGoPen are not government entities." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "You use the same strategy in the infodemics?" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "It’s not run by the government." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "Not from the government, so let the TFCC do that." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Exactly." }, { "speaker": "Dachi Liao", "speech": "It’s not part of official sector." }, { "speaker": "Septyanto Galan Prakoso", "speech": "The name of the website is Worldometers." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Worldometers, yeah." }, { "speaker": "Dachi Liao", "speech": "Social sector." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "Any other questions from you all?" }, { "speaker": "Dachi Liao", "speech": "I do have a question. I really appreciated the social-sector-first approach but, in our society, not to mention other country yet, actually, it’s an imbalance, the power relation between society and the state." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "I know." }, { "speaker": "Dachi Liao", "speech": "You know. State is always stronger so far. You are the strongest social leaders in the past, but right now, you are in government. [laughs] This imbalance of relationship between the state and the society, if the government intentionally distribute disinformation, what the social…" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Then it makes it very hard for the social sector to clarify it." }, { "speaker": "Dachi Liao", "speech": "What can social sector do? We really encounter this kind of problem. [laughs]" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "This is a issue faced by pretty much all the countries. Sometimes, the government itself send misinformation. It may not be intentionally false, but it is false. The government is misinformed. Just because it is a government statement, it becomes very difficult for independent fact-checkers to fact-check the government." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "On the other hand, if they are state-sponsored, they don’t even have this opportunity in the first place. Just saying very difficult for the TFCC to fact-check the government doesn’t mean that TFCC can’t fact-check the government. It’s just difficult." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "We can actually look at the TFCC portfolio about the information. It’s very interesting because the government has also been fact-checked and then changed, clarified, or retracted previous statements that are fact-checked as not true. If you analyze the entire TFCC report, these incidents are in single digits. It’s not known to happen much, but it did happen." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "A recent example of it actually happening and the government changing its messages, saying, “We were misinformed. We got it wrong,” was about a beef noodle thing, which, of course, Professor Liao can fill in on the details." }, { "speaker": "Dachi Liao", "speech": "[laughs] Yeah, literally." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Then the premier did apologize by admitting that the initial source of information was not the case. That did happen, but these are in the single digits, meaning that it does not happen often. The professor’s point is well-taken; it takes courage and a lot of resolve for independent fact-checkers to call on the government’s mistakes. That is true." }, { "speaker": "Septyanto Galan Prakoso", "speech": "I have a question. Also learning from the examples from my country, basically, the ministry that is responsible to counter the disinformation during the pandemic times is the Minister of Health and…" }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "Welfare." }, { "speaker": "Septyanto Galan Prakoso", "speech": "…Welfare here in Taiwan? Or, is there any coordination with other special bodies or ministries that also can collaborate together?" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Mainly, it’s MOHW." }, { "speaker": "Septyanto Galan Prakoso", "speech": "The Minister of Information is maybe assisting on the progress of the mechanisms or mainly just done by one ministry?" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "No, because COVID, no matter whether it’s about the counter-COVID strategy or whether it’s about the welfare, like recovering, that’s health and welfare. Both are within the MOHW. It is mostly just because the MOHW encompasses pretty much all counter-COVID processes." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "It’s not that only they do counter-disinformation. Other ministries do counter-disinformation as well. It just so happens that COVID is mostly about health and welfare." }, { "speaker": "Septyanto Galan Prakoso", "speech": "Thank you very much, minister. In our case, the responsibility is taken care of by a certain task force that especially established only for counter the COVID and the pandemic." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "Every ministry has the right to counter the disinformation?" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "They have a obligation." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "How they do that? They use their official accounts, LINE or Twitter?" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Yes, or Facebook, Instagram, or whatever. The clarification messages, they are government-produced. There’s no copyright, so anyone can just copy it. Actually, they’re designed to be copied, like the cute dog picture. Anyone can translate it into your language." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Actually, it has been translated voluntarily too. [laughs] We even design the card to. Instead of overlaying text with photo, which makes it hard to translate…" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "…we make sure that it’s easily translatable." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "Any more questions? You?" }, { "speaker": "Dachi Liao", "speech": "Not for the formal interview." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Not for the formal interview?" }, { "speaker": "Dachi Liao", "speech": "Not into the recorder." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "It comes to the last questions. We have talked much about disinformation in Taiwan. Do you have any other issues regarding the disinformation that not covered in our interview before…" }, { "speaker": "Dachi Liao", "speech": "You want to share with the…" }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "…that you want to share with me?" }, { "speaker": "Dachi Liao", "speech": "…Indonesia country? We need to write a report. [laughs]" }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "Or your perception on other?" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Why not? There is a interesting development this year that combines the cybersecurity attack and the disinformation operation together. In the Taiwan Fact-Check Center, if you search for Team T5 and Taiwan Fact-Check Center, you see the report. This is in Mandarin, but, of course, you can machine translate it." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "What this is saying is that the advanced, persistent threats – essentially state-sponsored, black-hat hackers – are now helping the disinformation organizers to create fake accounts that makes all sort of cybersecurity-related disinformation. It’s both to shield the disinformation actors from being identified as, well, professionals." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Also, it is to combine the cybersecurity threat profile. People, if they buy into the disinformation, it makes them more susceptible for phishing attacks, for cybersecurity attacks. These two become intertwined. This is a pretty comprehensive report that was just published last month. I will suggest you to look into it." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "Team T5?" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Yeah, Team T5, and it’s in the Taiwan Fact-Check Center website." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "Any issues about deep fake so far in Taiwan?" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "In Taiwan, we already have this thing called animated news, or 動新聞, for a very long time. [laughs] People I guess are more resilient…" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "…against the synthetic video because…" }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "…it’s pioneered in Taiwan." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "Thank you, Madame Minister, for you time." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Thank you, sure." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "It’s my pleasure. Thank you for this opportunity to have this kind of interview. I have some new issues that can be enlightening in some way. Thank you very much." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Thank you." }, { "speaker": "Rino Nugroho", "speech": "I turn off my recorder from now." }, { "speaker": "Audrey Tang", "speech": "Yes." } ]
https://sayit.pdis.nat.gov.tw/2010-12-08-rino-a-nugroho-dachi-liao-and-septyan-2
[ { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "各位午安。今天針對政院所屬各機關政府資料分類及授權利用收費原則,進行討論。從 2012 年開始,政府就推動資料開放。去年起,行政院宣示「開放、不收費為原則,不開放、收費為例外。」因此,需要一個規範,讓原則和規範都有所依據。從五月開始,已經開了多次的會議,針對資料分類和收費原則做出草案。希望利用這個機會來討論。在多次討論之後,分為甲類「開放資料」,適用今天要討論的授權條款。乙類為有限度利用,而丙類是不開放。各機關在網路上,如果是適用和民間社群討論的開放資料,以最廣的利用為原則,幾乎等同於公共財了。這樣的授權是事後無法撤銷,轉授權也包含在內,是很廣的授權範圍。同時各機關在處理時,也要確定權利是完整的,也就是能夠取得完整的授權。如果授權來源不完整,那就分為乙類,這是我們內部溝通的原則。丙類則是不對外開放的。今天對於這個分類和原則,大家一起討論辦法本身是否妥適,因為部會意見很多,請簡處長主持後續討論。" }, { "speaker": "國發會簡處長", "speech": "我們今天定出的準則,已經和政委、國庫署協調討論,有初步的草案出來。" }, { "speaker": "國發會莊分析師", "speech": "歷程和主體架構進行說明。從 5/12 開始,在政府收費以圖資為大宗,邀集內政部、農委會、法務部,討論了圖資的收費原則。在 5/15 蔡政委的會議上,我們討論了是否可採私法授權的議題。我們希望規費收取金額做出盤點,這樣針對資料開放的衝擊,能有更進一步的瞭解。於 6/10 確定了資料分類的方式,以及授權的範本,定調為司法的關係行為。於 6/25 請法規會提供條款修訂,也召開了跨部會的討論。" }, { "speaker": "國發會簡處長", "speech": "乙類定義:擬改為「有償或有限制條件」之授權利用。" }, { "speaker": "高嘉良", "speech": "內容無太大意見,因為要先離開,「開放格式」希望有所明確定義。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "建議採用 Open Definition 的定義。" }, { "speaker": "國發會簡處長", "speech": "同意。" }, { "speaker": "張維志", "speech": "我很疑惑的是,丙類為不開放資料,以法令不得公開為限制。" }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "這個在逐條討論時會處理。" }, { "speaker": "國發會陳科長", "speech": "第五頁先針對法規適用之疑義討論。請財政部對優先序發表看法。" }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "先請財政部說明。" }, { "speaker": "國庫署", "speech": "我們對這個原則的基本態度,是因為規費法裡明文規定有規費需求,但資訊公開法又要求主動公開。" }, { "speaker": "法務部", "speech": "我們已定義為私法關係,而規費法是公法行為,所以規費法並不適用,所以我們才要定這個標準。" }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "這需要更清楚的理清:規費法下之任何辦法,屬於公法行為,履行時有公開的義務。" }, { "speaker": "佚名", "speech": "第一條「以民事契約約定其授權利用之收費項目有所依循」,實務上認為規費法為公法關係," }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "私法關係裡為什麼不能有收費的用語和樣態?" }, { "speaker": "法務部", "speech": "舉一個例子,例如國有財產(土地)和民間設定地上權的方式,但這是使用民事契約," }, { "speaker": "內政部", "speech": "我認為私法、規費法需要分開沒錯,我同意要走私法才能推得動。" }, { "speaker": "國庫署", "speech": "我的意思是大家原本是在習慣的公法關係下,訂定收費標準。" }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "開放資料的授權條款是非常寬的,規費法是沒有這麼寬的空間的,所以私法才能完全處理這個部份。" }, { "speaker": "國發會簡處長", "speech": "甲類授權條款,已用院函方式通知,各機關近期將會收到。" }, { "speaker": "經濟部", "speech": "原來規費法是公法,Open Data、收費資料則是私法,這很清楚。" }, { "speaker": "國發會簡處長", "speech": "在第五點,每季開的諮詢會議裡,就是要逐項討論、做出轉換。" }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "我們談開放資料時,民間在意的是授權條款,因為利用到一半如果權利撤回,使用意願就降低了。" }, { "speaker": "高嘉良", "speech": "規費法是範圍是抄錄、郵寄、閱覽,而不及於再利用。" }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "私法契約因為是合約關係,所以授權才能明定。" }, { "speaker": "農委會林務局", "speech": "航空照片影像,是用國土測繪法,是以公法規定,做有償的使用。" }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "甲類是可以商業利用的,這是未來各機關可以逐項盤點業管資料,加以討論的。" }, { "speaker": "國發會簡處長", "speech": "依照各部會開放資料設置的諮詢小組要點,各三級、四級機關都應提報清單來做決定。" }, { "speaker": "林誠夏", "speech": "學理上來說,重點在於公法、私法。這個二元分立是德日法系的特點。" }, { "speaker": "國發會簡處長", "speech": "目前進入逐條討論。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "此處電子表單的意思,主要是以 PDF 格式記載文數字,但仍採用「開放授權」釋出的資料。" }, { "speaker": "國發會簡處長", "speech": "電子表單加進去,可能成為過於特定的項目,這樣 GIS 和地圖都要列出了..." }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "這個「等」的意思就是不限制特定樣態。" }, { "speaker": "內政部", "speech": "謄本的收費?" }, { "speaker": "國發會陳科長", "speech": "2012 年的收費原則,作成的資料,和謄本(規費法)是互不相屬的。舉例來說地藉資料,如果屬於地藉謄本,特定於個人時,也不屬於開放資料。" }, { "speaker": "張維志", "speech": "例如過去五十年的選舉公報是紙本尚未電子化,是否受此規則處理?" }, { "speaker": "國發會簡處長", "speech": "未電子化之資料,應由檔案法、資訊公開法來處理。這份確實是針對電子資料來處理。" }, { "speaker": "張維志", "speech": "國外經常會列舉資料集,但不限定於電子資料集。" }, { "speaker": "內政部", "speech": "是否有考量的空間?畢竟紙本資料也是應公開的事項。" }, { "speaker": "國發會簡處長", "speech": "理解有授權時,紙本資料可以電子化之後再授權。" }, { "speaker": "內政部", "speech": "Whisky 應該是想說,目前沒有電子化的資料,如果就可以不開放,那就少了一大半了。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "甲類資料的定義為開放格式,所以紙本要先數位化。" }, { "speaker": "國發會陳科長", "speech": "我們目前要統一放在 data.gov.tw 上,所以是以電子資料為原則。" }, { "speaker": "張維志", "speech": "如果拿掉這個限制,應該就有很多東西可以進來。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "其實乙類資料也必須是開放格式,而紙本不能說是開放格式..." }, { "speaker": "張維志", "speech": "同意,這和未來的 API 化也有關連。" }, { "speaker": "國發會簡處長", "speech": "紙本載體之資料,競合的程度就不只在規費法,而牽涉到了檔案法。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "如果保留「電子」字樣,是否未來資料的電子化,能夠使用新的辨法或新的法令來處理?" }, { "speaker": "國發會簡處長", "speech": "由於行政命令的位階,所以要盤點的項目很多,用未來的新辦法來處理的難度仍然很高。" }, { "speaker": "內政部", "speech": "建議改為「政府電子資料分類及授權利用收費利用原則」,避免名實不符的狀態。" }, { "speaker": "國發會簡處長", "speech": "以政府資訊公開法第三條,已定義非電子資料,「圖片、文書、照片」等媒介物。" }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "內政部所提,「政府資料」改為「政府電子資料」,在法律上,第二條都已經是電子資料了。" }, { "speaker": "張維志", "speech": "無論我們如何制定,這都是行政原則。無論哪一塊,都會和法衝突,所以我不知道加上紙本資料,到底會衝擊到多少法?" }, { "speaker": "國發會簡處長", "speech": "檔案法對於紙本資料的索引,這是公開的,並無疑義。" }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "政府資訊公開法是公法,以「知的權利」為意旨。" }, { "speaker": "國發會簡處長", "speech": "先保留,請文播紀錄留下 Whisky 的不同意見。" }, { "speaker": "國發會莊分析師", "speech": "第三點。" }, { "speaker": "法規會", "speech": "「公開」、「開放」操作上意思相同?" }, { "speaker": "張維志", "speech": "我對分類要回到法律面來談,「不得公開」絕對是「不得開放」,雖然「政府資訊公開法」不是母法,但是如果依此法「不得公開」,自然是不得主動開放。所以我覺得不需要特別列在這裡。" }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "這裡的政府資料,不是講開放資料,第二條又明訂為電子資料。甲乙丙是方便內部溝通使用。" }, { "speaker": "張維志", "speech": "乙類是回到規費法嗎?" }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "不是這樣,乙類仍然是私法關係。" }, { "speaker": "國發會簡處長", "speech": "規費法是公法,乙類仍然是民事契約。" }, { "speaker": "張維志", "speech": "為什麼不是回到規費法?" }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "我們一直卡在規費法(不能自帶授權條款)..." }, { "speaker": "林誠夏", "speech": "我們討論的方式,用的是英國在開放資料時,順便使用了乙類的資料,放上「限制利用」的條款,仍然是一個私法契約,使之能使用浮動的效果。規費法沒有授權機制,所以沒有辦法緩衝。Whisky 說公開和開放不要混起來,Open Definition 對 Open「開放」做定義。能看而不能用的「公開」,這會讓公務部門和民間有一個 sense,看到「公開」的時候不一定能再利用,看到「開放」時就可以。舉例:Microsoft 弄了 Shared Source License「公開分享而不開放改作」,比較像今天說的乙類資料。所以社群用到 Open Data 「開放資料」的話,它帶有一種特定的文化意義。" }, { "speaker": "張維志", "speech": "乙類是為了能過渡到甲類,可是我國所有的資料都是乙類到甲類來。乙類是規定了開放格式沒錯,但是應該在這裡呈現嗎?Open Office 格式、資料交換格式,這些需要全部綁在一起談嗎?" }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "一件事情要有它的可執行性。乙類資料是確實存在的。這個分類包含外部和內部溝通的成分。" }, { "speaker": "張維志", "speech": "如果從政府資料來看的話,應該是分成「開放」「公開」「不可公開」。" }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "因為這麼多部會,甲乙丙是溝通使用,也希望出席者協助把公部門的分類方式,溝通給利用者知道,我們會盡量放在甲類裡。" }, { "speaker": "張維志", "speech": "是!" }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "「私法關係」和「甲乙丙類」的兩大概念,是今天會議要溝通的重點。" }, { "speaker": "國發會簡處長", "speech": "這個討論我覺得滿好的。" }, { "speaker": "國庫署", "speech": "當初的提議是政院提統一的標準,在一定金額以上,提到政院級來處理。內部討論是否用「五千萬」為初步想法?" }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "建議不要寫在明文裡,而是財政部再發文公告。" }, { "speaker": "經濟部", "speech": "要有明確的金額和計算基準,部會比較敢放心做。" }, { "speaker": "國發會簡處長", "speech": "建議由財政部議定後,請政院開放資料諮詢小組決定,統一通知各機關。" }, { "speaker": "經濟部", "speech": "乙類授權條款各機關訂定,是否中央可以給參考,避免差異過大?" }, { "speaker": "國發會簡處長", "speech": "NDC 會和工業局,參考現有條款修正,作為範本提供給各機關。" }, { "speaker": "衷嵐焜", "speech": "對於第三條,「達一定金額以上者」,看起來是很慎重的事情。" }, { "speaker": "國庫署", "speech": "有這樣的建議,就是因為用了很多的成本,政府的錢是來自所有的人民,而資料的使用者可能只有部份的人民。" }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "要提報給小組看一下(小組裡也有民間的幾位委員),一部份的原因是開放資料,是國際上所有人都可利用,而這些資料是國內的納稅人建置的。" }, { "speaker": "衷嵐焜", "speech": "「花了很多錢建置,所以不要拿出來給外人用」...?" }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "動機上不一定是惡意的,利用情況如何還是請諮詢小組來審。" }, { "speaker": "衷嵐焜", "speech": "公共財資源如果有排除、稀缺、耗損性,收錢是有意義的。" }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "我們會希望不斷的討論、諮詢小組的運作,透過具體的個案,才會讓意見在論理上更為完整。" }, { "speaker": "衷嵐焜", "speech": "如果沒有一開始的少數人先自由利用,未來就難以加速後續低廉的使用成本。" }, { "speaker": "國發會簡處長", "speech": "請國庫署幫忙,在第三條定義之後,目前未收費之資料,不應因此加以收費。" }, { "speaker": "國庫署", "speech": "這個我們難以承諾。如果個案討論後是需要收費,不能因為目前未收費就不收費。" }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "具體的情況,還是以個案討論為主。我們今天先處理原則。" }, { "speaker": "國庫署", "speech": "第五點稱「前點」,其實是「第三點」?" }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "乙類建議改成「以有償方式授權、保留事後撤回之權利,或其他限制利用者。」" }, { "speaker": "法務部", "speech": "意思是可以事後撤回?" }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "乙類包含到期撤回的樣態。簡單說,就是「有條件,不是甲類的」就是乙類。" }, { "speaker": "國發會莊分析師", "speech": "vTaiwan> 建置成本應考慮,其次為商業用途,載體最後。同意不同費率。" }, { "speaker": "國庫署", "speech": "如果完全講電子資料,可以排除掉載體費用。" }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "如果印紙本,希望用規費法,不要在這裡處理。" }, { "speaker": "內政部", "speech": "同意。" }, { "speaker": "國庫署", "speech": "我們可以放到說明欄去。在國外也是要付光碟的成本。" }, { "speaker": "國發會簡處長", "speech": "建議去除「紙本」字樣,因其無法再度利用。" }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "光碟比較便宜,紙本可能很多錢..." }, { "speaker": "國庫署", "speech": "第四點第一款說乙類資料要參考下列項目,並不是說每一案都一定要全部加上去。" }, { "speaker": "法規會", "speech": "邊際成本的意思是「廠商每單位增加之成本」,各單位是否理解?" }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "第二款「按合理比例分攤」在以參考為原則時,可以拿掉,合理與否是參考者可以酌情衡量的。" }, { "speaker": "國庫署", "speech": "國外立法例有使用 reasonable 字樣,在實務上航照資料的成本是極高的,如果 100% 給使用者是不合理的,因為這是施政所需,不只是為了民間需求用的。" }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "因為是機關要參考,所以不用列到每個情況。" }, { "speaker": "教育部", "speech": "我覺得不是分攤的概念,本來就是為了行政所需建置的。" }, { "speaker": "國發會簡處長", "speech": "所以「合理分攤比例」我覺得可以去掉,這些依業務作成的資料,原本並不是為民間蒐集的。" }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "所以刪成兩條「成本(用了多少預算)」和「商業利用(對方收益回饋)」。" }, { "speaker": "內政部地政司", "speech": "社群活動時,曾經為了要電子化政府所做資料的花費有過討論,「即使沒有社群使用」是政府就要花費的。我覺得建置成本不需要計入民間使用攤提。如果為了民間的需求來電子化資料,那是因民間而有建置成本。但是如果已經有現有資料系統,那麼就不應該收取行政管理成本。" }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "乙類資料上,有去識別化的成本、有上游取得成本..." }, { "speaker": "內政部地政司", "speech": "乙類資料可以舉個例子嗎?" }, { "speaker": "文化部", "speech": "部內蒐集的活動資訊,例如民間年代、寬宏、兩廳院提供的資訊,這些簡介的圖文,只能在活動期間利用,這就是乙類資料。" }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "時間限制也是一種限制,仍屬於乙類資料。" }, { "speaker": "內政部國土測繪中心", "speech": "我們是少數在販售圖資的單位。" }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "特定人士、特定時間,也都算是乙類資料。收費只是一種條件。" }, { "speaker": "國發會陳科長", "speech": "建議把「知」和「用」分開,「知」是資訊公開法,「用」則是甲乙丙三類資料。" }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "法律再理清一下。乙類不是一定要收費,只要有限制條件「非甲類」就是乙類了。" }, { "speaker": "內政部國土測繪中心", "speech": "加值型和非加值型資料,在我們本來就有區分。" }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "授權的限制在哪裡,應該要講清楚。" }, { "speaker": "國庫署", "speech": "現行收費資料,如果用今天的原則做成乙類,授權的樣態是比較清楚的。" }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "第四點簡化為兩項確定。" }, { "speaker": "國發會莊分析師", "speech": "法規會> 分類方式應如何徵詢、擬定?" }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "法規會的文字,待會來討論。" }, { "speaker": "衛福部", "speech": "統計處使用「行政院公報管理及考核作業要點」相當頻繁,如果能夠統一 14 日為「不得 7 日」,作業上應該比較習慣。" }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "這比較是政府如何執行檢視程序的方式。" }, { "speaker": "張維志", "speech": "資料清單,乙類是要公佈和限制利用之理由,希望可以把資料欄位名稱及型態公佈出來。" }, { "speaker": "國發會簡處長", "speech": "好的。資料集形成時,我們可以公佈 metadata。" }, { "speaker": "林誠夏", "speech": "七天、十四天我沒有特別意見。" }, { "speaker": "內政部國土測繪中心", "speech": "同意。" }, { "speaker": "經濟部", "speech": "同意。" }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "字樣上請法規會協助。" }, { "speaker": "法規會", "speech": "國發會要公開諮詢的只是收費嗎?還是連同分類?" }, { "speaker": "內政部", "speech": "第五點稱「前點」,其實是「第三點」,就已包含甲類。" }, { "speaker": "國發會簡處長", "speech": "第五點包含甲乙丙,所以再對乙類做額外限制的諮詢。" }, { "speaker": "內政部", "speech": "第二項的後面可以拿到第一項後面。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "如果第一項的「資料之分類」移除,是否在第二項明訂「甲類資料」為宜(如法規會意見),或是移除第二項第一款,提到第二項內文?" }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "第一項專門處理乙類,但第二項「甲乙丙」類的字樣,請法規會協助處理。" }, { "speaker": "公共工程委員會", "speech": "對於民間競標取得的資料及收費方式,是否逐案都要送到開放資料諮詢委員會?" }, { "speaker": "國發會簡處長", "speech": "不是在這裡處理,我們(包括開放資料諮詢委員會)只處理通案。" }, { "speaker": "教育部", "speech": "(二)「徵詢期間結束後,」字樣可移除。" }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "同意。第三項的具體字樣,我們請法規會來協助。" }, { "speaker": "林誠夏", "speech": "國發會的初稿是兩周,我建議改成 14 日,衛福部是「不得少於 7 日」,這也是很好。" }, { "speaker": "國發會莊分析師", "speech": "第六點。" }, { "speaker": "國發會簡處長", "speech": "以各機關來說,都有資訊公開專區,所以放在 data.gov.tw 沒有問題,但如果有放在部會專區上,也是沒有問題的。" }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "如法規會、經濟部所建議。" }, { "speaker": "國庫署", "speech": "謄本是地方政府的大宗收入,內政部放謄本會不會影響?" }, { "speaker": "內政部", "speech": "這是規費法的部份... 謝謝提醒。" }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "這件事會後處理。" }, { "speaker": "林誠夏", "speech": "乙類資料的清單可以放 data.gov.tw,但各國也沒有這樣處理的先例。" }, { "speaker": "法規會", "speech": "第四點「地方政府授權」確定移除?" }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "可以由國庫署發函,不要寫在準則裡面。" }, { "speaker": "公共工程委員會", "speech": "第五點檢討原則裡「屬於通案不屬於個案」,「不涉及現有契約」、「不包含競標方式」等,是否能在原則裡註明?" }, { "speaker": "國發會陳科長", "speech": "這個規則不涉及採購法。" }, { "speaker": "公共工程委員會", "speech": "請列入會議紀錄。" }, { "speaker": "衛福部", "speech": "簡版的會議紀錄可以摘述各部會發言,希望盡量詳細。" }, { "speaker": "蔡政務委員", "speech": "簡版紀錄製作時,可以參考 g0v.hackpad.com 上的逐字稿。" } ]
https://sayit.pdis.nat.gov.tw/2015-07-22-%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%8F%8A%E6%8E%88%E6%AC%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E6%94%B6%E8%B2%BB%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0
[ { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "各位課發會的委員、代表、同仁早安,我算了一下人數,只差兩票就可以達到開會人數。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "我們可以先介紹新委員。兩位業界的代表:" }, { "speaker": "業務報告", "speech": "確認第二屆第二、三次記錄及辦理情形。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "有些領綱可能會遲交,所以還有可能再增開課發會。" }, { "speaker": "提案討論", "speech": "一、彙整委員所提對於第一群組內領綱草案之意見,供相關領綱研修小組參酌,詳列如附件1之「十二年國民基本教育課程研究發展會(第二屆)對各領域課程綱要草案(104年6月第1版)意見彙整表」。" }, { "speaker": "辦理情形", "speech": "一、已彙整委員對於第一、二、三、四群組領域課程綱要草案(以下簡稱領綱草案)所提相關意見,並請各領域課程綱要研修小組(以下簡稱領綱研修小組)提供回應說明,詳如19-81頁),將併同修改後之第2版領綱草案,於本次會議依序討論之。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "請看附件中,研修小組是否有回應。" }, { "speaker": "洪詠善", "speech": "附件二整理的邏輯,以19頁為例。從最左邊是六月的第一版,接下來是課發會整體的書面意見。再來是大會6/29每位的意見彙整,再來是決議版簽核,交由研修小組回應,並且參酌前述各委員意見修改。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "主要訊息都在附件二,方便委員閱讀,如果擔心紀錄不完整的話,後面附件也有逐一列舉,可以比對。" }, { "speaker": "提案討論", "speech": "案由三" }, { "speaker": "辦理情形", "speech": "一、彙整委員意見提供各領綱研修小組之辦理情形,同案由二之一。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "這邊要請參與第二群組的課發委員,注意上次提出來的,是否都有呼應?" }, { "speaker": "洪詠善", "speech": "值得好好說明的原因,是因為呼應這次十二年國教課綱研修的三個精神。" }, { "speaker": "劉欣宜", "speech": "剛才提到,各領綱附錄二(153頁)的呈現形式,作為例子跟大家說明。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "九年一貫到現在,因應社會變遷,有很多要新教的。" }, { "speaker": "提案討論", "speech": "案由四。" }, { "speaker": "辦理情形", "speech": "已彙整委員對於第一、二、三、四群組領域課程綱要草案(以下簡稱領綱草案)所提相關意見,並請各領域課程綱要研修小組(以下簡稱領綱研修小組)提供回應說明,詳如附件2(第19-81頁),將併同修改後之第2版領綱草案,於本次會議依序討論之。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "健康與體育上次沒有送進來。明天會第一次看到,請第三群組委員稍微關心一下。" }, { "speaker": "提案討論", "speech": "案由五。" }, { "speaker": "辦理情形", "speech": "已彙整委員對於第一、二、三、四群組領域課程綱要草案(以下簡稱領綱草案)所提相關意見,並請各領域課程綱要研修小組(以下簡稱領綱研修小組)提供回應說明,詳如附件2(第19-81頁),將併同修改後之第2版領綱草案,於本次會議依序討論之。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "以上五案,是否都忠實反應意見?如無問題,進入業務報告。" }, { "speaker": "業務報告", "speech": "經104年6月29日十二年國民基本教育課程研究發展會(以下簡稱課發會)第二屆第2、3次會後,各領綱研修小組已分別調整各領綱草案。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "這是6/29到今天,工作的情形,有人要問洪主任嗎?沒有,都接受,進入正式議程。" }, { "speaker": "提案討論", "speech": "國教院課程及教學研究中心,有關十二年國民基本教育語文領域-國語文(含國民中小學、普通型、技術型及綜合型高中)課程綱要(草案),提請討論。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "要先跟委員們說明,文字大致都是一樣的,除了附件頁數之外。" }, { "speaker": "洪詠善", "speech": "國語文研修團隊的代表,是副召集人蔡曉楓助理研究員。" }, { "speaker": "蔡曉楓", "speech": "我們比較大的爭議點,是文白比例的問題,還有學習內容是否要調整的問題,很抱歉無法做太大的調整。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "蔡研究員剛才要表達的是,中國文化基本教材既然這次已經變成必修,所以其他的比例不宜過高,保持45%-55%。國語文課發委員們,這樣可以嗎?" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "當初文白比例的意見,其實來自於兩個地方。文言文的撰寫,確實大部份比白話文高明、精鍊,當然網路文學更精鍊,不過我們可能看不懂。但這不是最重要的。" }, { "speaker": "丁志仁", "speech": "是不是45%就不要提?把文化基本教材和其他教材合起來算,算出一個新的比例,我們就講這個比例。如果這樣算進來的話,恐怕其實是提高的。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "文化基本教材是以節數為單位。" }, { "speaker": "蔡曉楓", "speech": "文化基本教材是有很多則。古文我們是用篇數去算,如果加入則數的話會混淆,因為每則可能只有兩三句話。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "可能要寫在更明顯的地位。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "需符合三年平均45-55%,我教科書怎麼寫都有彈性,可以平均到三年裡來。" }, { "speaker": "黃秀霜", "speech": "有心人會問,為什麼文化基本教材不算文言文?" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "這是文字、數字遊戲,原則上我們不想看到45%出現,因為會引起很大的爭議。" }, { "speaker": "蔡曉楓", "speech": "學習內容類別修改,「文本」和「文字分類」是不一樣的,在表格的前面加上了文字的說明。另一方面,很感謝院長和第一群組委員給我們的意見,應該加上文件上說明。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "請看11頁,學習內容這一塊。要不要加上「為原則」,不然999字不行,1001也不行?一篇文章給這麼硬的限制,是很奇怪的,改一個字都不行,簡直比憲法還偉大,所謂「一千個常用字」,是否可以加上「為原則」?可以多十個生字、少五個字嗎?" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "委員主要提的是,分類和普通知識不同,以及文法詞彙對大眾的接受程度。" }, { "speaker": "蔡曉楓", "speech": "一千字可以在前面加「約」。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "委員提的,語言學詞彙後面加上「運用」?" }, { "speaker": "蔡曉楓", "speech": "領綱委員應可以接受,但還要調整。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "p11-14 的專業描述,林委員提到對教師和學生會有衝擊、造成困難。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "15 頁另一個小地方,提「食衣住行」而未提「育樂」,在文化裡不提,是為什麼呢?" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "我建議小學到高中,定義應該要是一樣的。麻煩小組互相對照,要舉的例子不要有差異。" }, { "speaker": "陳思玎", "speech": "我自己覺得,林文虎委員提到的語文課綱問題,不只是語文課綱。我們這次十二年國教裡,最會影響到的,就是第五項「學習重點」,分成學習表現(技能能力)、學習內容(基本知識概念)。" }, { "speaker": "歐用生", "speech": "非常感謝語文委員會的委員。聽了兩位的高見,我補充兩點。" }, { "speaker": "丁志仁", "speech": "我最近在看國中的教科書,國中的國文教科書把語文學的東西和一般的文章,確實是分開的。語文學的部分,確實完全沒有跟文章、學生聽說讀寫做整合與應用。我是滿認同林文虎委員和陳思玎委員的意見。除了加上「運用」以外,是否可以酌情可以稍微再減量一點?請國文領域回去再調整,謝謝。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "請何委員從語文研究的角度說明。" }, { "speaker": "何寄澎", "speech": "抱歉晚來了,沒有聆聽到林委員、陳委員兩位的高見。簡單說明,剛才歐校長提到了,我自己也補充一點。各位談到的問題有大有小,如果就大的來看,國語文在一到六年級叫國語,七年以後叫國文。" }, { "speaker": "黃秀霜", "speech": "我贊成絕對不要製造新的名詞,讓大家不瞭解、誤解。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "爭議小組已經存在。何委員的意見,可以多加討論。" }, { "speaker": "王垠", "speech": "我贊成。在20頁對文字、文本、文化我也很confused,但既然這是有學理上的依據,是不是雙方要有個對話,才能解決?" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "所以王委員同意成立第二次爭議小組。各委員是否同意?" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "我建議小組自己做一次雙向表,看是否能把學習表現和內容對應到。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "這個議題討論過很多次了,我對黃校長的爭議小組有很高的期待。" }, { "speaker": "方新舟", "speech": "被林委員點名了。院長說以學習者為主體,我很認同。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "林委員提到網路上日常使用的書面語,言簡意賅,常常無法唸出來,只能在書面使用。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "方委員提到的可執行,這是一個關鍵。簡潔、清楚、量要少,這就是一種原則。" }, { "speaker": "何寄澎", "speech": "我也看不太懂技術手冊。我在政府機構服務,甚至新進人員寫的公文,我也看不太懂。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "決定成立第二次爭議小組,拜託黃秀霜委員主持。各位可以看到時間表,要徵得大家同意,國語文的公聽會可能會延後,原本 8/15 要公佈第三版草案、8/18 上網,是否同意會慢?" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "一定要做好,要充份討論。第三版時,課發委員擔心之處要有改變。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "做得好比做得快重要。數學領綱的召集人說,數學會慢,「如果自己不安心,就送不出去」,我喜歡這樣的態度。我對爭議小組有很高的期待,也請主席給出明確的要處理的事項。我們提過「修辭」的問題,現在領綱就看不到了。原本二十二種「修辭」,現在改成「各類文句表達的意義」,就好多了。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "第一點,技術綜合和一般高中的舉例、分類一定要一致。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "加上第七點,主題類別的整理。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "國語文這邊,老師的教學方法一定要檢討。好玩的東西到了老師手上,都變成一大堆知識。我覺得從小學到高中都要檢視一下。" }, { "speaker": "蔡曉楓", "speech": "我希望如果要成立爭議小組,各委員意見均很明確。在領綱大會上,我們一直不知道哪些該調哪些不該調。如果像「學習者為重點」,這對我們比較模糊。如果要成為提案,請給比較明確的指示。" }, { "speaker": "陳思玎", "speech": "我想舉個例子,以學習者需求為主,請看到英語文課綱,稍微做個對照。請看英語文p6-7學習重點,分為語言能力(聽說讀寫做)、p14 學習興趣與態度、p15 學習方法與策略、p16 文化習俗、p17 邏輯。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "p7 各項都寫成 4-I-1。" }, { "speaker": "蔡曉楓", "speech": "列印是舊版,新版已改正。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "建議做一個雙向對照,也就是是否能在菜單裡拿到?如果當年級沒有書法教學,是無法銜接起來的。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "請技術和綜合型高中的報告。" }, { "speaker": "宋修德", "speech": "剛才的問題,我已經紀錄了,以及文言範文等五、六個問題,會帶回去討論。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "就拜託爭議小組了。慢慢做,比較完善時,再放在網路上,或放公聽會。" }, { "speaker": "莊惠如", "speech": "版本上看到六月的原因,是因為六月沒有討論也沒有收到新版。" }, { "speaker": "林明佳", "speech": "第二外語部份,請翻到案由二第四點,第二小點講的第十八頁刪除的文字,因為會議紀錄未確認,這篇說的是給第二外國語文的建議,還不是決議。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "好的,第二外語的紀錄要修改,先就英語文討論。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "標示法,英語文第六頁 1-3-12、1-3-13 有一個「聽懂歌謠的主要內容」,相同的內容有不同的編碼,這是很奇怪的,也出現很多次。不同的編碼用的標記,擺在最前面,這樣很混亂。如果用標註的話,希望星號或雙圈放在編碼的後面。" }, { "speaker": "黃秀霜", "speech": "剛才提到標註,我很認同要標愈少愈好。標註不宜放在前面,應該放在編碼後面。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "林委員的意見如果做得到就做,難度用學習內容調整,就不會在國小、國中重複要求。" }, { "speaker": "林明佳", "speech": "國小 1-3-12 聽懂簡易故事,加雙圈之外,還用星號表示可以視學生程度安排。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "重疊之處,請想辦法用學習內容,來表現它的難度。" }, { "speaker": "林明佳", "speech": "加深、加廣的選修規劃,跟委員報告:新版在第二頁時間分配上,就應該要列出五門課。" }, { "speaker": "洪詠善", "speech": "這是針對加深、加廣六學分的學習重點。" }, { "speaker": "林明佳", "speech": "我們會帶回去修訂。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "第二外語(新住民語),請楊老師。" }, { "speaker": "楊承淑", "speech": "第二外語,有關於 p247 的內容、修正與建議,如果在文字上有任何修訂,希望跟新住民語有正式的對話,再行調整。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "最重要的是總綱裡有提到。" }, { "speaker": "楊承淑", "speech": "我們希望抱持開放的胸襟來看這件事情。在高中、彈性的時段,如果還要壓縮的話,請容許我們還有討論的空間。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "小學目前可以開放選修泰語、印尼語等,如果高中除了英語之外,可以變成第二外語的選修,希望可以跟羅老師再討論。" }, { "speaker": "林明佳", "speech": "就總綱的規範報告。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "領綱上網之後,大家也會想看總綱。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "雙圈其實是星號的前備條件。" }, { "speaker": "林明佳", "speech": "請看第六頁 1-3-14,對應到國中 1-4-10「辨識句子、語調情緒與態度」,星號的意思是高階的能力,對照會議手冊 225 頁,表示各校針對時數規劃,可以自行研發適性教學教材。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "回到 1-3-14 和 1-5-13,顯然內容是不一樣的(少一個「簡易」),所以編碼自然不同。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "對於林文虎委員的顧慮,對於雙指標合併成單指標,其他委員的意見?" }, { "speaker": "陳思玎", "speech": "我們討論了許多次,英語和本土語言都想用標識,解決學生程度雙峰分布的問題。這在各領域都有,但這和學生的家庭,以及城鄉落差,都是很大的。如果可以在課綱上,用標記來容許不同的表現。" }, { "speaker": "丁志仁", "speech": "優先看起來,標示是對課綱的更細緻的表達。" }, { "speaker": "黃秀霜", "speech": "針對剛剛提到的,說明兩點。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "這是英語的情況。第二外語請文瑤。" }, { "speaker": "鄭文瑤", "speech": "因為第二外語要上網了,有一個比較特別的地方是師資安排和培育。中小學老師的發證和聘用,像師資培育法已有規定。我們總綱裡只有提到「協助專業發展」,但我們在領綱裡提到了「配套」,主要是規範行政單位的實行要項。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "第二外語,第25頁的師資培用,各領綱可以有需求,但規範教育部、縣市教育局要做哪些事,似乎不是領綱應該做的,可以放在協作平台。對於老師的要求,可以寫下來。" }, { "speaker": "曾祥榕", "speech": "8/6 新住民語組和第二外國語組要開會,但請課發會先形成決議。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "這要回到總綱,各階段都有明確規範。" }, { "speaker": "洪詠善", "speech": "第二外語加深、加廣選修(六學分),是為了銜接大學升學的進路,讓學生選的。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "就如總綱所規範。" }, { "speaker": "楊承淑", "speech": "第二外語組願意抱持開放的態度對話。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "這算是爭議議題嗎?高中不能成為第二外語,和總綱是違背的。" }, { "speaker": "方新舟", "speech": "因為我服務過新住民,剛看到的就是有七個語言。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "是否可以加入線上課程,再用檢定考試評量,這是可以考量的。" }, { "speaker": "鄭文瑤", "speech": "領綱後續的師資,配套是需要加強的。因為我們今天在討論的是領綱,所以比較不建議在此會議呈現。但我同意這可以在協作平台,做進一步的對話。" }, { "speaker": "丁志仁", "speech": "各領綱實施要點能否提及師資來源,當時是說可以看領域現況。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "在多元選修裡開設新住民語文,建議依地區特性開設課程。" }, { "speaker": "林明佳", "speech": "那我就依主席建議討論。以東南亞為主的,可能指的是國小的必修課,但彈性和選修課,就不限於第二外語。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "13:30 另有一個會議,我們繼續往下走。第二外國語處理完了?接著是閩南語。" }, { "speaker": "方耀乾", "speech": "現在快要下午一點了,時間可能比較緊迫。" }, { "speaker": "歐用生", "speech": "建議主席先用餐,太辛苦了。" }, { "speaker": "方耀乾", "speech": "謝謝委員的指正。就委員所說能力問題,第一個是溝通,第二個是愛鄉土。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "教育部有推薦用字,像是「天烏烏」。" }, { "speaker": "何寄澎", "speech": "是全部都有漢字嗎?" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "此階段的常用字,全部都有漢字。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "教育部有詞典、有推薦用字表,可以作為支撐。" }, { "speaker": "歐用生", "speech": "以前有台通、台羅的爭議,現在的情況?" }, { "speaker": "方耀乾", "speech": "這是在10-20年前的爭議,現在已經全部使用台羅音標,也有常用詞典和詞表,大部份滿足了語言的需求。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "請客家語。" }, { "speaker": "方耀乾", "speech": "江委員下午有會議,目前就是照表列上面的,原則上報告並沒有補充報告,以書面呈現為主。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "第六點,各語文領域要統一用詞(「聆聽、說話」vs「聽、說」),這是誰來做?" }, { "speaker": "楊承淑", "speech": "我想本土語言的聆聽和外語不同。漢語只是聽,外語需要「聽辨」區別聲音,本土語言也會需要。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "本來語文就有爭議小組,所有語文領域裡的聽、說、讀、寫,希望各領綱提供適合他們的解釋。請提醒黃委員。各位委員有人會說客語嗎?" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "如果沒有爭議,用辭修改之後,就上網了。" }, { "speaker": "方新舟", "speech": "我想提工具的問題,像國語用注音符號,其他語文用標音,這樣會有問題嗎?" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "上次爭議時特別講說,在同一個學習階段授課,是否會有負擔?負擔的程度會是如何?" }, { "speaker": "洪詠善", "speech": "第三年級,特別是新住民、原住民,如果不是專家,難以判斷。" }, { "speaker": "王雅萍", "speech": "小組有辯論過,在九年一貫時沒有那麼快教符號,但是有做認圖到拼音(不強調書寫)。" }, { "speaker": "方新舟", "speech": "我很意外聽到這樣的結果。" }, { "speaker": "王雅萍", "speech": "但是注音符號的學習成果就比較不好。" }, { "speaker": "方新舟", "speech": "如果定課綱時不把方法論描述出來,我覺得加這麼多進去只會造成挫折感。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "謝謝方委員的提醒。如果對特定學生有衝突或困難,可以在實施要點裡稍加說明。" }, { "speaker": "方新舟", "speech": "我和許多老師、校長談過,看到很多原住民的小孩使用注音符號有困難。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "完全同意方委員的意見。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "可以考慮,是不是讓一年級的小孩,減輕剛進來的負擔。" }, { "speaker": "王雅萍", "speech": "修正部份均有共識,8/11、8/12 會在台東、屏東開諮詢會議,如果有需要修正之處再進行,目前狀況良好。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "但是注音符號會比較跟不上?" }, { "speaker": "王雅萍", "speech": "沒錯。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "請給小孩一些路可以走。" }, { "speaker": "王雅萍", "speech": "在總綱最後希望過的是甲案(國中必修),後來變成選修。" }, { "speaker": "鄭文瑤", "speech": "因為王委員特別提出原住民師資部份,還是回應一下。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "24頁的師資安排,只要是交付教育部做的,就會移到領綱外面,但還是會納入平台,也請你們經常盯著我們達成。" }, { "speaker": "余政賢", "speech": "第三點,新住民的「領域」文字我們會用破折號處理。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "不是說禁止多標音系統一起教,而是留一條路給教師決定。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "很多人在閱讀時,如果只讀領綱不讀總綱,那「素養導向」的精神,就不知其詳了。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "第四點以後,同心圓的概念、順序性等,是否可以省略?" }, { "speaker": "方耀乾", "speech": "我贊同林文虎委員的說法,因為字數不是多到占太大的篇幅,我覺得應該保留。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "單獨頁數不多,但加起來很多。各領綱不滿意的話可再提出保留。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "國語文和英語,「表現或能力內容」太多了,我要求減量,不是削減品質,而是實質減量。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "會檢討。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "提出臨時動議。" }, { "speaker": "臨時動議", "speech": "提案人唐鳳委員、洪詠善委員案由為落實程序透明,課程研究發展會之大會與分組會議(下稱「課程研究發展會」),以及各領域、科目、群科課程綱要草案公聽會(下稱「公聽會」)之紀錄,應以發言記名、完整記錄、主動公開為原則,不記名、不記錄、不公開為例外,以昭公信,並保障各界討論者之充份知情權。說明1. 課程研究發展會應預先提供,予受邀出席者知悉。2. 公聽會主辦單位應於事前公告接受申請,並於結束後 48 小時內公開影音紀錄。3. 課程研究發展會、公聽會出席人員,得徵求現場出席者同意後,自行現場製作逐字紀錄。於表示不同意紀錄之出席者發言時,應以下述「具名,但不記錄」原則為之。4. 公聽會出席人員各得邀請最多 1 位旁聽紀錄人員,以協助記錄。旁聽紀錄人員名單應於開會前 1 工作天,提供予主席知悉。5. 課程研究發展會出席人員如欲邀請旁聽紀錄人員,應於開會 7 天前提供名單,並經主席同意,方可為之。6. 課程研究發展會、公聽會記錄人員,應將各發言者之每次發言重點摘要,作成具名紀錄。文字呈現方式為:發言者名稱:...發言內容...7. 發言者於發言時,得註明當次發言為「具名,但不記錄」,此時應暫停所有音訊錄製(以消音方式呈現)。文字呈現方式為:發言者名稱:...接下來這段不列入紀錄,理由是...發言者名稱:(不列入紀錄)8. 發言者於發言時,得註明當次發言為「記錄,但不具名」,此時應暫停所有影像錄製(以空白畫面呈現)。文字呈現方式為:(不具名):...發言內容...9. 會後 7 日內為修正期,期間內受邀出席者得依據主辦方之摘要紀錄,於線上共筆網址自行編修逐字紀錄、書面提出修正,並瀏覽其他出席者作成之修正。10. 依第七點、第八點註明之發言,逐字紀錄、摘要紀錄應以相同方式呈現。11. 修正期結束後 48 小時內,國教院應將逐字紀錄轉換為靜態網頁,與摘要紀錄同時公開於網站上。茲建請各領域、科目、群科課程綱要聯席會議參酌,並就各項會議性質,逐項討論是否適用、針對各項會議需調整的參數(內容阿拉伯數字部份),以及理由。" }, { "speaker": "洪詠善", "speech": "第一點,自行製作逐字紀錄,會透過協作網址,今天會寄給所有委員,可以上去增補。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "摘要紀錄上我同意可以具名,但是逐字紀錄如果有二十個版本,如何確認哪個是正確的?" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "逐字紀錄是共用一個系統,多位記錄人員可以互相補正,所以只會有一個版本。" }, { "speaker": "丁志仁", "speech": "我同意這樣的具名紀錄方式,這是時代的趨勢。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "主動公開的好處,就是可以一次讓大家參考。" }, { "speaker": "陳思玎", "speech": "我們說情、理、法,唐委員說的是法理的部份。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "這次提案針對我們課發會本身、公聽會、以及各群組會議。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "在場是否有委員不同意唐委員對本次課發會做出逐字紀錄?" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "我看到很多委員在沉思,可能還要一些時間沉澱。" }, { "speaker": "洪詠善", "speech": "請葉雅卿確認議程:數學、自然科學、全民國防。" }, { "speaker": "孫明霞", "speech": "第二群組的綜整人今天無法出席,我僅代表做報告。" }, { "speaker": "張鎮華", "speech": "謝謝剛才的解釋。再補充一下重點。" }, { "speaker": "楊瑞明", "speech": "技術型高中、綜合高中由我召集老師研修。這次因為綜高的課程和普高落差太大,造成高一準用普高課本,到高二時出現 65% 斷裂、45% 重疊。這次我們盡量三塊有共同的對談,特別邀請長期參與的曾老師。也做了知識參與和知識地圖的盤點和調查。在需要的當中,在哪個學期放才合適。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "前一陣子爭議有微調過,不能做為參考嗎?好像不協調的部份還是存在?" }, { "speaker": "曾政清", "speech": "三年前我們微調過,在學科中心有許多教師表示有教學困難。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "之前微調過,做了補充教材,有幫助嗎?" }, { "speaker": "曾政清", "speech": "有幫助,但目前還需要調整。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "所以還有 10%-15% 的差異,需要繼續工作。因為每次出去時,委員比較不會讀別人的版本,所以延後的必要性應該要寫得出來,例如「課發委員覺得還不行」等。當然有一版空白是比較嚴重的。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "除了技綜普高的時數差異之外,技術上都是可以處理的,只是兩方面都各有主張。" }, { "speaker": "張鎮華", "speech": "感謝指點,其中三點我們有討論過了。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "統計的問題是否有處理?" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "這裡 Data Science 就是統計的意思。" }, { "speaker": "歐用生", "speech": "小組的目標寫得很好,但是我們從早上看到現在,每個領域都有一樣的問題,好比說學習表現,也就是達成目標非常重要的地方。這裡內容講的都是數學,很多都是學科本身的內容。要培養的能力,如「以簡馭繁」,是表現在什麼地方?" }, { "speaker": "鄭漢文", "speech": "過去用學習階段,以年段做學習表現(p8-9),學習內容卻是用年級來定義,是否有轉化?如果從學習內容來談,我有一些建議。" }, { "speaker": "張鎮華", "speech": "先用大方向解釋。數學和其他領域很大的不同,是用分年撰寫,而不是分階段撰寫。" }, { "speaker": "方新舟", "speech": "呼應一下應用的事情。在偏鄉和後段的學生,經常會問到,花這麼多時間學數學,到底要如何使用?公制在生活上是否用得到?公制當然是要教,這是國際通用的,但也可以放入生活的單位。" }, { "speaker": "張鎮華", "speech": "小組會討論公制、台制、英制的出現程度。" }, { "speaker": "潘慧玲", "speech": "第三頁倒數第三行所分的軌道,是否需要調整?" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "生活上應用問題的教材,現行國中小教材的第一單元第一頁,都會講一個很生活的數學案例,但教師都會跳過不教。再好的教材,沒有搭配教學都是沒有用的。" }, { "speaker": "張鎮華", "speech": "我們會參照來做。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "請委員決定,數學是否可以延後?跟不上大家 8/18 的進度?可不可以審查的工作和公聽會同步?" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "我們衡量後續反應,如果數學圈裡還有衝突,我不建議送草稿。" }, { "speaker": "張鎮華", "speech": "我比較希望先審查再公聽。林委員有解釋說,數學裡是有派別的差異,雖然送出審查給五到十人,但自認為有資格審查的人有更多,所以這個效應我不太敢承擔。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "希望諮詢人數再多一些。要想一些比較給大家知道的理由,例如普技綜高三方代表還在整合,或是跟自然科學間的關係等,委員也提了許多意見。會慢多久?" }, { "speaker": "方新舟", "speech": "數學和國語文是否延後到同一時間公佈?" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "等明天開完會再來一起看。還是要有一個時間點。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "可能很難做到。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "希望別組不要學... 數學就這樣吧,辛苦了。" }, { "speaker": "陳泰然", "speech": "感謝 7/24 參與的課發會委員,提出許多意見。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "p14 學習內容的 3-4 年級、5-6 年級這邊,I-B-2-3 電池或燈泡可以有並聯和串聯的接法,這個單元很獨立,前不著村後不著店,一直要到國二才會再出現。國小老師教這個單元時很有趣,非常狀況百出,搞不清楚的多有人在,因為電是極少數你看不到它的東西,只能用嘴巴講。當然在現場教學有很大的困擾。" }, { "speaker": "陳泰然", "speech": "會帶回去討論。這個主題確實是前不著村後不著店,太獨立了,我們會帶回去討論。" }, { "speaker": "鄭文瑤", "speech": "大張的 p33 裡提到(九)國小包班教學,對自然師資能力的把關,自然科知能是否充足?" }, { "speaker": "陳泰然", "speech": "感謝說明,如果師資上能夠配合,我們樂見其成。" }, { "speaker": "鄭漢文", "speech": "學習內容和教科書編寫、教師都有關。" }, { "speaker": "陳泰然", "speech": "剛剛提到學習內容的四個方面:" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "再丟一個難題看看。看一下第 24 頁原子模型的發展,A-A-4-5 說到元素的規律周期性,其實是講周期表,國中都是用背的,那是慘無人道的事情。我常常告訴老師,你不妨用簡單的原子模型來講即可。" }, { "speaker": "陳泰然", "speech": "謝謝林委員。週期性、元素的問題我再回去問問看。" }, { "speaker": "王垠", "speech": "p69 實施要點第五小點「自然科學探究,於前一學期擬定計劃」。" }, { "speaker": "陳泰然", "speech": "依總綱精神說是領域實驗室,其實到高中都是談分科,在現場上都是說「物理」、「化學」實驗室。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "可能要邀技術、綜合型高中的來回應。" }, { "speaker": "陳生明", "speech": "明天要開會,各種委員問到相關的事項,我們會討論。" }, { "speaker": "李彥儀", "speech": "請問因為有分 A、B 版,是否簡要說明?裡面打星號的部份是否說明?" }, { "speaker": "陳生明", "speech": "時數在 138 頁,以物理、化學、生物各有 A、B 版,學分數各有不同,有時間的分配和類群科的差異。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "自然科學稍微修一下,可以來得及 8/18 上網。包括技術型和綜合型的都可以。各位委員可以嗎?" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "技職的自然 p152,後面有沒有更細的說明?" }, { "speaker": "陳生明", "speech": "請看附錄的地方 p179,有表現、內容、對應和指引,還有配合時事,例如氣爆和食安。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "主題和國中重疊很多?" }, { "speaker": "陳生明", "speech": "我們希望把十二年國教做出橫向連貫,所以我們的主題、次主題其實都是一樣的,差別是在國小、國中、高中(普高必選修、技綜高)各要學什麼,標題都一樣,但是內容是都不一樣的,在附錄裡的差別非常大。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "p179 好比說電的認識、力的作用,如果用這個標題,是否能有更深的描述?不然在國中已經教過了。" }, { "speaker": "陳生明", "speech": "請看 p276-p279,在物理的 B 版裡把學習內容右邊相對頁的指引,寫得很詳細了。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "國高中的統整,可以再走過一次。然後就上網了。" }, { "speaker": "游光昭", "speech": "課綱工作小組已經調整,欣然接受所有的建議,很多具體的建議是我們沒有處理得很好的。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "可以結合STEM專題運用,再增加科技的一些美感。" }, { "speaker": "洪詠善", "speech": "要從總綱回應,綜合高中是自選科目共四學分,所以學分不宜放在領域裡。" }, { "speaker": "游光昭", "speech": "國小沒有時數,至少把內容讓大家一貫讀得懂。如果放在這裡,十二年一次看比較清楚。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "我覺得不宜。科技領域雖然說「宜在國小階段」,但總綱在國小是沒有分配到特定時間,所以會誤導看的人,以為科技在國小也要兩學分,這是有疑慮的,沒有就是不行,建議放在附錄。" }, { "speaker": "游光昭", "speech": "這是舊版,群組的版本已經調整了。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "我的意思是,內容我真的看不出來。材料說多不多,就是木、電、電子電機。" }, { "speaker": "方新舟", "speech": "呼應一下「動手做」這件事。三年前我們做均一的時候,我們以為台灣有那麼多本科畢業的資訊老師,應該可以做網頁修改吧?我們剛從可汗學院拿到全部的軟體,需要志工幫忙,後來發現所謂的資訊教師,其實沒有寫程式的能力。" }, { "speaker": "鄭文瑤", "speech": "在 p23 教學資源括號五,看到教師需要檢定核可。科技是自然生活區分出來的,剛才方委員的提議我們也會在協作平台上重新檢視,看整個科技領域教師的職前搭配。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "同意。8/18 是否跟得上上網?" }, { "speaker": "游光昭", "speech": "可以,我們 8/10 就可以確認。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "首先,在國防裡分為「認知、情意、技能」。科技用「知識、情意、技能」。別的領域都不這樣分了..." }, { "speaker": "林育慈", "speech": "生活科技沒有這樣分了,如果要刪除,可以帶回去討論。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "意見三跟六不一致,反而給小組帶來困擾..." }, { "speaker": "吳文龍", "speech": "這次的架構有很大的更動。上次課發會之後我們做出六點回應,所以文字書寫的難度已經降低了。這個草案的內容,我們挑燈夜戰到九點半。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "我只提一點原則。當初全民國防,在驚濤駭浪中通過的理由,是台灣多災多難,防救應該是很重要的內涵。現在如果只能占次主題的十幾分之一的話,至少要對應到各地區的課程份量。" }, { "speaker": "林曉瑩", "speech": "九八課綱也是36小時,防衛動員包含災害防救有22小時。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "災害防救有配22小時,但如果只看課綱看起來就只有五分之一,是有落差的。" }, { "speaker": "吳文龍", "speech": "可以寫在實施要點裡。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "三跟六的衝突如何調解?交付小組參考。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "以前是軍訓,現在是全民國防,所謂步槍簡介、基本教練、實彈射擊,學生把它當成校外教學一樣,沒有理由剝奪孩子郊遊的快樂。" }, { "speaker": "潘慧玲", "speech": "我也贊成國防科技保留。在學習表現裡有防衛技能,之前說要拿掉,林文虎委員也談了,可以再參酌。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "謝謝潘委員。上次也提過,學習表現的程度寫得不夠高,公聽會出去可能比較沒有人會注意,所以潘老師也再幫我們看一下,尤其高中需要的是批判、思考。" }, { "speaker": "洪詠善", "speech": "素養工作圈也會幫忙。" }, { "speaker": "謝金城", "speech": "歷次戰史,例如「鄭成功復台、清朝攻台戰爭、日軍攻台戰爭」這些用詞,目前爭議很大。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "建議搭配社會領域用詞。" }, { "speaker": "秦葆琦", "speech": "社會領域的用詞還沒出來。" }, { "speaker": "吳文龍", "speech": "國防要比社會先上網,所以這些舉例文字會先拿掉。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "除了數學以外,其他都可以 8/18 上網,最晚 8/15 要拿出來,還有 12 天。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "...以下不記錄。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "那大家就挑燈夜戰吧。" }, { "speaker": "方新舟", "speech": "以後是否請領綱召集人盡量都出席?" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "同意。" } ]
https://sayit.pdis.nat.gov.tw/2015-08-03-%E8%AA%B2%E7%99%BC%E6%9C%83%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E6%AC%A1%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0%E7%B4%80%E9%8C%84
[ { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "目前有十九位委員到場,有兩位在路上,現在是否可以先開議?" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "今天和昨天相同,就是逐一領域確認是否可以 8/18 上網。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "剛才是報告事項。現在有二十人了,會議正式開始。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "請陳思玎委員報告。" }, { "speaker": "陳思玎", "speech": "報告的內容,是在第三群組開會後,經過核心小組開會確認,用 Skype 與召集人確認後,提供了一個電子版,請大家看一下這個版本。" }, { "speaker": "歐用生", "speech": "大家早安。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "一、二年級是我們最看重的,數學國語都多一節,生活又六節,委員是有很高的理想。" }, { "speaker": "方新舟", "speech": "在數學上我們也有類似的問題。" }, { "speaker": "曾世杰", "speech": "經費、設備、法令、師資,是所有領綱都會提出的問題。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "方委員聽起來放心嗎?" }, { "speaker": "方新舟", "speech": "謝謝曾副院長的解釋,但真的不放心,但在數學領域裡,我們想要引入新的工具,像計算機導入後,會受到多大的反彈。依我來看,計算機導入我看來已經落後 20-30 年了,我的小孩念國高中時就在用了。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "課綱的前瞻性,怎樣可以讓領綱走得遠,或是課綱多久就可以修,這個機制要出來。" }, { "speaker": "丁志仁", "speech": "七月底明年的預算籌編完,我國保障 22.5% 所以天花板是不會降的。現場在少子化,按照標準要減四千位老師,所以現場用既有的教育品質、規模來看,是在萎縮的。" }, { "speaker": "鄭文瑤", "speech": "副院長特別提到協作,針對於跨單位的師資培育,原本就有規劃。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "我跟研究員看領綱草案時,和所有研究員說過「從基本理念,看不到未來」,感覺非常的平實。" }, { "speaker": "秦葆琦", "speech": "我十年來擔任生活課程的召集人,這裡針對十年來的進度報告。" }, { "speaker": "黃政傑", "speech": "大方向聽起來不錯。這個領域也必須是統整,因為一門課六小時,一定是包含了以前單獨上的那些課,所以這個方向是對的。" }, { "speaker": "何寄澎", "speech": "謝謝主席。首先表示我也很高興看到生活課程的綱要,以下都是參考意見。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "順著這個想法,我想說順序有一點點混亂。" }, { "speaker": "卓俊辰", "speech": "具體建議,列出的關鍵生活能力當然很理想,但務實的考量這是小學一、二年級在學的,所以延伸出來的表現指標,一定要嚴謹去檢視,是否適合這個年齡的身心條件、發展,以及心靈特質,一定要嚴謹的檢視和對應。" }, { "speaker": "王垠", "speech": "兩個小問題。一是七個關鍵生活能力,根據來源是什麼?我猜想可能是根據課程目標來的。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "綜整議題:內在的邏輯、發展性、文字上的調整。" }, { "speaker": "陳思玎", "speech": "感謝各位委員這次表示的意見,上次沒有什麼意見可能是因為排在最後一個..." }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "可以跟得上 8/15 交稿、8/18 上網嗎?有把握嗎?委員是否可以放行?" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "我是很不喜歡再開一次會,但全新創意的東西,輕易放行是不重視它。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "一個是不放行,另一可能,是歐老師原本就會參與生活領域,以及召集人黃老師。" }, { "speaker": "潘慧玲", "speech": "建議確認關鍵點。生活領域向上銜接時,是否要關照到低年級沒有出現的領域?" }, { "speaker": "陳思玎", "speech": "目前九年一貫的生活課程,內容也是放在附錄裡,可以參考的素材。" }, { "speaker": "歐用生", "speech": "我同意依照他們的方式,在學習內容對選取原則講得更清楚,以及「不可以分科」等消極表列,讓出版社和教師自編教材時,有原則性的配套措施可以參照。" }, { "speaker": "丁志仁", "speech": "附議「不要有規定內容」,但應增加「內容選擇原則」,再把不應該做的(如 1+1+1+1)放到附錄裡。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "這是一個矛盾,要做判斷:既要開放現場的自由,又要有要求。" }, { "speaker": "黃政傑", "speech": "擺在附錄可以接受,但三年級教的東西在一、二年級是沒有的。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "這就是小組為難的地方。" }, { "speaker": "秦葆琦", "speech": "我們的委員當中,自然、社會、藝術的人都有。我上星期才和自然科的許院長討論..." }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "也有委員問,如果教科書還可以用舊的方式編,是否你們的理想就無法達成?" }, { "speaker": "洪詠善", "speech": "召集人在國外,作為副召集人說明。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "附錄二,在第一學習階段,是達成共識了?那就放到生活領域?" }, { "speaker": "洪詠善", "speech": "生活領域有邀我們的召集人一起開會,我們也很欣賞超越學科的統整概念。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "生活領域尚未回應,是否應移出來?這看起來還沒有共識。" }, { "speaker": "莊惠如", "speech": "星號在這裡是必修,但第一群組的星號是選修。" }, { "speaker": "洪詠善", "speech": "那我們換一個符號,這個好處理。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "音樂在校園的喜悅,洪主任提了很多,但在藝術領域的課程目標都沒有喜悅和高興。" }, { "speaker": "洪詠善", "speech": "群組在 p13 鑑賞是學習構面,我們把線拿掉,就可以使用許多學習內容,來達到這個目標。在核心群組會繼續討論,但我覺得是很好的方向。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "隔壁面的線拿掉了,但在版面上還是一對一,所以拿掉時要小心。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "快樂、喜悅的用辭?" }, { "speaker": "洪詠善", "speech": "這個可以改。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "藝術送交生活領域?" }, { "speaker": "秦葆琦", "speech": "藝術送交生活領域,這在 p46 達成共識的第 13 項,藝術領域的附錄二拿掉。" }, { "speaker": "洪詠善", "speech": "群組委員擔心的都是師資的問題。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "所以 8/18 出去時,藝術的附錄二確定要拿掉?" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "按照我們定的分工體例,藝術本來就不能把手伸進第一學習階段。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "那就拿掉附錄二。" }, { "speaker": "卓俊辰", "speech": "藝術領域 p11 表七,從第一到第五階段安排,但事實上是第二階段才開始,所以第一階段應移除。" }, { "speaker": "黃秀霜", "speech": "延續剛才的意見,紫色 p11 的表七,第一階段確實不宜出現。" }, { "speaker": "洪詠善", "speech": "同意拿掉。表七會用文字敘寫。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "所以重複的地方,其實是他們核心的地方。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "藝術不會有太大、泛政治化的問題,但有情緒的問題。" }, { "speaker": "洪詠善", "speech": "我很贊同。文化部、原民會都給我們很多指教,他們認為有必要性。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "p12 學習內容,音樂欣賞 A-4-1 台灣傳統歌謠,一直到世界音樂,就只有台灣和世界?" }, { "speaker": "洪詠善", "speech": "「經典歌曲」。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "這是小細節,通常也都沒事... 以下不記錄。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "請副召列入考慮。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "請張景媛教授報告。" }, { "speaker": "張景媛", "speech": "代替方德隆院長報告。" }, { "speaker": "林逸棟", "speech": "技職司代表回應。" }, { "speaker": "洪詠善", "speech": "這是第一次送進來,所以還沒有送出。" }, { "speaker": "林逸棟", "speech": "第二個,共識第三點,跨學制協調一定要做,但請主席裁示是由誰做這個工作。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "這還是要回到第三群組。請黃政傑委員全權負責。" }, { "speaker": "丁志仁", "speech": "技高 p330、p331 有多一個科目「法律與生活」,是普高沒有的。" }, { "speaker": "黃政傑", "speech": "我建議在程序上,因為技職這一塊國教院沒有操作過,所以都會出現不連貫、對不準的狀況。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "資料是有寄的。" }, { "speaker": "洪詠善", "speech": "6/29 時,技高還沒有進來,所以無法說明,技高有收到也有進來開會。" }, { "speaker": "黃秀霜", "speech": "兩點呼應。在第一群組的語文裡也有一樣的情況,但我們都有邀請技高、綜高來開會,也很謝謝課發中心的協助。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "普高之前未規範是因為... 以下不記錄。" }, { "speaker": "鄭文瑤", "speech": "綜合活動涵括了輔導、生命規劃等,主要是培養探索、創新的素養,但這個在其他領域也有,所以說服力比較不足。" }, { "speaker": "潘慧玲", "speech": "跨學制的配合機制,下午要審查其他學制,現場也有技高、綜高代表,是否請他們現場說明?" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "這一天半是對一般科目,召集人都有邀請,下午就專門是術科群組。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "普高 p12-14 頁,生命教育科目,只有一個學分,學習內容有 52 項,在 20 堂課裡,每一個內容都很大,如「宗教的起源、核心」,「宗教對苦難和死亡的看法」,上得完嗎?是否再斟酌?" }, { "speaker": "張景媛", "speech": "生命教育最後一次開會就有提到要減量,之前已經減過一次。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "我們是希望有效率的開會。" }, { "speaker": "張景媛", "speech": "希望縱向在國、高中的字眼都貫得更好。" }, { "speaker": "黃政傑", "speech": "這次的重點是十二年一貫,不像之前是九年加上高中高職,如果這次沒有接好,任務就算是失敗了,因為這是核心的事情。" }, { "speaker": "林逸棟", "speech": "跨學制是第三群組統整。" }, { "speaker": "黃政傑", "speech": "這是技高提的建議,綜合七選二,或是藝術四選二,學校的意思是「誰選」?" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "這需要配套措施,所以仍然是協作平台的議題,我們才能追蹤。" }, { "speaker": "黃政傑", "speech": "如果委員的意見,這次可以修得好,那建議可以放行。" }, { "speaker": "張景媛", "speech": "8/7 有會議。主要是要跟技高要有機會對話。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "8/15 是否能把剛才提到適度減量的目標完成?可以的話就放行了。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "社會科,請葉雅卿確認議程。" }, { "speaker": "劉阿榮", "speech": "召集人朱校長人在國外,我是副召集人,同時是公民與社會的召集人。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "這和昨天數學跟不上的情況有點像。" }, { "speaker": "丁志仁", "speech": "時間的底限?" }, { "speaker": "洪詠善", "speech": "明年二月要公佈的話,十二月要送課審會,這是假設陸續都通過的情況。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "在研究院立場,我們會請他們提前完成,也請課發委員瞭解他們的情況。" }, { "speaker": "楊俊鴻", "speech": "高校長不能來,由我和陳院長報告。" }, { "speaker": "程瑞福", "speech": "委員意見非常明確,我們會做修訂。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "食安在生活也會講?" }, { "speaker": "李駱遜", "speech": "家政會講到。" }, { "speaker": "張景媛", "speech": "我們在生活領域是用活動,例如帶學生去超市進行校外教學。" }, { "speaker": "黃政傑", "speech": "食安牽涉複雜,重點是要列出議題面向,包括食物生產、土地污染,和自然、社會都有關係。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "所以如果有聯席會議,請分配一下輕重緩急。" }, { "speaker": "洪詠善", "speech": "高中階段兩學分「健康與護理」、兩學分「體育」。" }, { "speaker": "楊俊鴻", "speech": "學習重點,像職業傷害,普高和技高都會碰到,是可以統整的。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "至少在「基本理念」要有一段,可以看到健康體育為什麼是一個領域。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "還是要強調,我們自己對內、對外的說法就是「一貫」,不是割裂的。" }, { "speaker": "黃政傑", "speech": "各群組都有這個問題,但是第三群組現在剛好談到,上次也有談到。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "國語文就已經發現這個問題,我想我們沒有忽略掉這個問題,只是要如何更嚴謹。" }, { "speaker": "孫明霞", "speech": "原本分開是為了學分數不同和考科的銜接。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "健體是否可以只有一份領綱?綜合的時數呢?" }, { "speaker": "張景媛", "speech": "生涯規劃的學分數不同(普高一學分,綜高兩學分)。生命教育普高只有一學分..." }, { "speaker": "林逸棟", "speech": "法律與生活和環境科學概論是普高沒有的科目,且生命教育與生涯規劃的學分數與普高也不同。" }, { "speaker": "黃政傑", "speech": "院長講的方向是不錯,但要請各領域自行判斷。" }, { "speaker": "程瑞福", "speech": "健體學分數是相同的,只是在說明時幾個字不同,內容完全一樣。" }, { "speaker": "黃秀霜", "speech": "健體是很棒的領域,召集人今天剛好不在,真的可以嘗試三種不同的高中形式共用領綱。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "技高 p407 體育,請對照普高健康知識的學習內容 p43 來看。" }, { "speaker": "潘慧玲", "speech": "一個是學習表現,一個是學習內容..." }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "後面的條碼一樣,敘寫方式不一樣。" }, { "speaker": "莊惠如", "speech": "只是呈現方式不同,內容是一樣的。" }, { "speaker": "潘慧玲", "speech": "主席剛請健體領域整理。請大家看 p9,統整表現的表述,和「技能」相關有九個詞,p10 有「健康技能」,到 p11 的健康「技能」、體育「技能」的意思又不同,能否統整?" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "潘委員提到,「認識健康、生活技能」、「演練基本健康技能」、「認識動作技能概念」,重覆數次,是否指一樣的東西?這是不利於理解的。" }, { "speaker": "程瑞福", "speech": "標號會調整到一致。" }, { "speaker": "黃秀霜", "speech": "以下細節調整建議,不用記錄。" }, { "speaker": "程瑞福", "speech": "技能部份如果要調整,可能會影響到評量。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "我們這次就是說素養導向,並不是直接連到評量。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "放行。以下不記錄..." }, { "speaker": "潘慧玲", "speech": "健體在技高、綜高的表格呈現方式不同,後續如何處理融入?" }, { "speaker": "林逸棟", "speech": "技高的格式和普高,原本就設定成可以不同,因為技高可以包含設備基準等。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "這部份請潘老師幫忙,我們在會後協商。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "建議找一個人朗讀一遍,進行錯字、錯詞的校正工作。" }, { "speaker": "洪詠善", "speech": "排版、標題一致,我們國教院領綱工作團隊會來做。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "雖然這是個草案,但公聽會很多老師會來,老師最會找錯字了..." }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "下午只有一個議案,就是技術型高中的類群課程,會分五個類型,請孫校長報告。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "基礎目標有一點太簡略了。我想請十五群的召集人田老師主持說明。" }, { "speaker": "田振榮", "speech": "抱歉遲到,因為今天四技、二專放榜,我們在檢討後續人數的事宜。" }, { "speaker": "孫明霞", "speech": "因為高級中等學校法已經分類,所以建議依此分類定調。" }, { "speaker": "林逸棟", "speech": "技職司補充。當天不只有課發會委員、主持人李校長也找了專家學者,一起進行審查,並請研修團隊回應。" }, { "speaker": "王垠", "speech": "前面三大段,基本理念、教育目標、類群科歸屬,每本都一樣,是否需要?" }, { "speaker": "林逸棟", "speech": "技術型課程綱要和其他不同之處,就是各群科都獨立成冊。" }, { "speaker": "田振榮", "speech": "我們的上位是總綱,所以基本理念都講共通的部份,在群科歸屬的下半部,進入群、科的後半段,就開始分流了。接著各群的表達方式就不一樣了。" }, { "speaker": "王垠", "speech": "所以基本理念是共通的。類群有理念嗎?" }, { "speaker": "田振榮", "speech": "沒有,只有第四點的共同目標。" }, { "speaker": "謝金城", "speech": "目錄頁大小寫混合使用。" }, { "speaker": "洪詠善", "speech": "我有參加第四群組。也想請教方委員和唐委員的意見。" }, { "speaker": "方新舟", "speech": "我想確實在未來發展時,一方面會到工廠、公司裡,也會做跨領域的合作。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "其實我工作二十年,現在已經退休了,和公部門、私部門都只是合作關係。" }, { "speaker": "潘慧玲", "speech": "上次有提出跨領域學習,目前看到的版本似乎還沒有調整。" }, { "speaker": "田振榮", "speech": "感謝各位委員的建議。無論是核心素養、工藝之美、關鍵能力(包含溝通、創意、問題解決,如澳洲有七、八項之多),我們是沒有特別強調。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "十八歲的孩子,希望他們從任何學校畢業,都有欣賞美、動手操作、解決問題、繼續學習的能力。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "當初總綱定義時,技職專業科目可以有自己撰寫課綱內容的空間嗎?" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "是,今天下午這個是放鬆的。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "當初會要做雙向細目、學習重點,是為了讓彼此扣合。" }, { "speaker": "方新舟", "speech": "回應林委員,我看了一下電機電子類群,覺得前瞻性是不夠的。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "前幾天有收到 7/28 版本的電子檔。" }, { "speaker": "黃政傑", "speech": "我覺得基本理念應該要看到群科的基本理念,而不是只有技術型高中的基本理念。" }, { "speaker": "田振榮", "speech": "謝謝各位委員。專業的部份我也只能轉達。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "有一個建議。未來技職會成為焦點,但太多本了,可能說不清楚。" }, { "speaker": "鄭文瑤", "speech": "群科裡的核心能力都很清楚,像動力機械群的第三頁。如果這是核心能力,那把「基礎」拿掉,會有差別嗎?因為看到「基礎」會聯想到還有「精熟」的面向。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "「精熟」很重要,目標都說「會」、「瞭解」、「認識」,這是不夠的,一定要某些是精熟的。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "總結一下。很多委員第一次看到技術型高中這麼多的科目,是立基在十八歲的孩子,無論從哪類高中出來,都要有一樣的基本能力,這是我們的基本期許。" }, { "speaker": "黃政傑", "speech": "院長講得很好。技職高中就業的比重到底是多少?職校的課程,是否能培養他們真實在社會工作的能力?這是規劃這次課綱要檢討的。未來要強化的是哪裡?這也關連到林委員剛才講的重點。" }, { "speaker": "林逸棟", "speech": "技職司報告。第四群組會議召開之前,為避免第四群組課發委員不了解技術型高中課綱之研發內容,我們有邀集第四群組課發委員先進行報告說明,讓委員了解研發過程及調整的重點。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "這是對素養導向教學的不理解。這不是雙向細目表就完成的。" }, { "speaker": "田振榮", "speech": "在教學的現場,教師對教學的態度,講白了是只為了升學。" }, { "speaker": "黃政傑", "speech": "我覺得基本理念裡,你剛才講的那些就應該列進去。" }, { "speaker": "李彥儀", "speech": "技職司業務督導說明。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "我指的是「科本位」裡的群科內容,因為現場老師一定可以想出五年後不落伍的學科,但如果群科裡沒有文字引導他寫的話,就寫不出來。" }, { "speaker": "丁志仁", "speech": "外語群 p14 數位科技、p18 數位的大綱,跟粉紅色這本國中、國小資訊科的內容,大抵是重疊的。" }, { "speaker": "黃政傑", "speech": "我剛才的發言,適用所有的群科,不再重複。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "資訊節數不一定要減少,但建議針對該群科的資訊工具介紹。" }, { "speaker": "黃居正", "speech": "建築用字:橋「樑」應有木字邊。廚房應有「人」字。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "呼應丁委員、唐委員的意見,ICT在中小學已經就有,數位原住民本來就會操作這些。" }, { "speaker": "李彥儀", "speech": "外語群之簡報實務在技能課程裡很重要,如果直接刪除我不贊成。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "同意。剛才我說的是專業科目裡的「數位科技概論」,不是說實習科目裡的「簡報實務」。" }, { "speaker": "田振榮", "speech": "這是兩千多人提供過意見,有業界、大專,參與者的名單可以提供給各位。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "請加上「領域職場專業」的描述。" }, { "speaker": "丁志仁", "speech": "實習科目我同意加上描述,但專業科目裡的「數位科技概論」和外語關係不大。" }, { "speaker": "方新舟", "speech": "像葉丙成老師在台大開的presentation課非常熱門,可見簡報是有許多不同層次的。" }, { "speaker": "李彥儀", "speech": "3D 列印是很重要的,我們也有 Fab Truck 在各校巡迴跑。" }, { "speaker": "黃秀霜", "speech": "未來性是大家的共識,但要寫成文字,真的並不容易。" }, { "speaker": "黃璀娟", "speech": "經濟學之前在實務上設計的很難,請看商業群第二學年,幾乎就是大一的課程,非常的理論化,數學非常的多。" }, { "speaker": "丁志仁", "speech": "商管群如果多學些個人金融、體系介紹會有幫助,但這裡學的到是大一的總體經濟學模型。" }, { "speaker": "蔡志偉", "speech": "設計、藝術兩群我有一些統整的想法。我不清楚過去和現在有什麼差別,但特別從這兩個去看,看不太到特殊性。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "我們等藝術群再來討論。" }, { "speaker": "黃政傑", "speech": "這也是通案的事,外語群第七頁左邊那一欄,粗體字部份,(節數)都有括號,如果沒有括號是指學分數,但下三欄都沒有括號,這會看不懂。" }, { "speaker": "方新舟", "speech": "剛才主席考我,商業管理的「程式設計」是否足夠前瞻,我覺得太前瞻了。" }, { "speaker": "黃政傑", "speech": "應用外語的「英、日語」聽說讀寫,是都要會,還是「或」?也有別的語種,建議表達得更清楚。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "設計群報告過了,請蔡委員就設計群發言。" }, { "speaker": "蔡志偉", "speech": "很多設計的東西都有原住民族的特色,但教育裡並沒有做出實際操作內容。" }, { "speaker": "林逸棟", "speech": "外語群的群科歸屬表只有兩科,就是應用英語、日語科。因為只有兩科,所以只有學習這兩種語言,但外語群教育目標「英語、日語」中間應該修正為「或」字。" }, { "speaker": "田振榮", "speech": "7/28開完會之後,針對幾位課發委員的意見有做過修改。還沒有拿到正式會議紀錄,我們就先行討論了,也在修改當中。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "如果只顧及目前教師的就業問題,也可能耽誤到未來小孩的學習。我們可以有所要求。以下不記錄..." }, { "speaker": "黃政傑", "speech": "我剛才已經講太多了,以下也不記錄..." }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "已知的部份,務必一定要改好。" }, { "speaker": "黃居正", "speech": "家政群 p24 危機評估與管理,有顧客「刁難」應變技巧,用詞在倫理學上可能引導負面思想,是否可以與顧客「投訴」合併處理?" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "家政裡有幼兒、服裝、美髮,這以前是媽媽要做的,現在都是一個專業。" }, { "speaker": "卓俊辰", "speech": "造形和服裝、設計是比較偏設計類群的屬性。" }, { "speaker": "鄭文瑤", "speech": "家政群p45教學大綱括號七,內容項目「配合T.P.O.的整體造型」為專有名詞,建議註明為Time/Place/Occasion(時間、地點、場合)。" }, { "speaker": "洪詠善", "speech": "希望強調本土飲品,如珍珠奶茶。" }, { "speaker": "田振榮", "speech": "酒類在高職實施,各有各的論點,這是兩難的問題。" }, { "speaker": "黃政傑", "speech": "家政群裡有家政科,是一個很早就有的科。教育部標出核心能力,是具備家政服務業的基礎知能等等。幼保和時尚模特兒比較專門,容易理解,但時尚模特兒可以算家政嗎?我理解這不是今天可以解決的。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "家政課綱的定義,和黃教授定義不太一樣。我們的家政科出來,不是做家政服務的。" }, { "speaker": "李彥儀", "speech": "這件事此次無法處理。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "好。但如果考慮家庭的話,幼兒照護之外,老人照護呢?" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "只有概論裡有提到。" }, { "speaker": "田振榮", "speech": "家政無論什麼定位,都會碰到老人照護。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "我去訪視開南的老人照護學系,這也不是護理啊…" }, { "speaker": "李彥儀", "speech": "護理科以前在高職,但後來提昇由專科學校培育,所以目前就不在技術型高中了。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "這就不論辯了。如果持這個主張的人,說長照一定需要有護理基礎,我想這有社會說服力,我覺得可以理解。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "是十六歲還是十八歲?" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "《兒童及少年福利與權益保障法》第 43 條,未滿十八歲不能飲酒。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "同意不列入課綱裡。" }, { "speaker": "林逸棟", "speech": "幼保科如果不願意包括長照,我們只有尊重。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "這個說不通的。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "拿著食譜做菜,自己不吃,是沒辦法培養廚藝的。" }, { "speaker": "卓俊辰", "speech": "家政專業科目,特別列了「職業倫理」兩學分,是唯一群科裡有的。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "各個群組請帶回去商量,每個職業的倫理都是很重要的。" }, { "speaker": "田振榮", "speech": "主席特別說「最後」了... 我想特別感謝各位課發委員,我們人不多,大約五、六個人,洪主任參與我們很多次會,過程中帶領了上百人,發展了十五群的課綱。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "剛才在商業群的經濟和會計,請盡量降低難度,不要為難老師和孩子。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "藝術 p7 實習科目,這裡很特別的是音樂科(國樂、西樂)的學生,是考專業科目進去的。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "群科綱要設計時,有的像教科書章節,有的像 Syllabus,比較看不到像普高的委員們,去討論學生如何學習。" }, { "speaker": "李彥儀", "speech": "我們下次開會,請邀請各群科的召集人一起來開會,不要只是田校長轉達。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "有很多範本可以看了,希望可以有更好的品質送出來。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "群科就不趕這個時間了,就延後一點處理。" }, { "speaker": "黃秀霜", "speech": "可以參考其他領域。" }, { "speaker": "田振榮", "speech": "已收到,新版目前還在編撰。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "麻煩孫、李兩位委員繼續幫忙盯。謝謝課發會所有的委員。" }, { "speaker": "黃政傑", "speech": "希望逐字記錄在提請委員審閱前,要先順過一次,不然對講話較多的人,是額外的負擔。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "好的,我會在接下來 48 小時裡,和林妮蒨助理一起協作,先改得比較通順,再寄送給委員審訂。" }, { "speaker": "洪詠善", "speech": "動議提到「公聽會直播要項」,這部份國教院可以辦理。" }, { "speaker": "方新舟", "speech": "建議國教院以唐委員的動議內容,先擬定作業要點修正案,下次課發會正式提案討論,不要用動議的方式處理,這樣對這兩天未出席的委員比較尊重。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "完全同意方委員的意見。這也是我最早對國教院的提議。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "今天原本有二十幾人出席簽到,現在有些委員先離開了。" } ]
https://sayit.pdis.nat.gov.tw/2015-08-04-%E8%AA%B2%E7%99%BC%E6%9C%83%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AD%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%83%E6%AC%A1%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0%E7%B4%80%E9%8C%84
[ { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "大家午安,課發委員目前有十八位到場,有兩位委員在本院開會尚未結束,一定會到,徵詢各位是否可以開會?" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": null }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "課發會會議紀錄全部公開,接受全民提供意見。作為主席,我知道不能、也不可能擅自做結論,因為有你們的監督。" }, { "speaker": "張旭政", "speech": "全國教師會記者會提出的黑箱問題:如果這是為了全體國民中小學的重要工作,是否可以告訴我們領綱小組成員,以及如是何挑選進去的?到底院裡挑選小組成員的理由是什麼?我們為此問題,和國教院多次公文往返,但一直得不到答案,謝謝。" }, { "speaker": "洪詠善", "speech": "我們的新聞稿有寫,領綱組成是依據「十二年國民基本教育課程研究發展會領域課程綱要研修小組委員組成及遴聘程序」辦理。" }, { "speaker": "張旭政", "speech": "我們在意的是領綱小組的「社會團體」名單,也就是 21-29 位裡的。" }, { "speaker": "李彥儀", "speech": "我想詢問,我們今天是課發會,是否可以回到議案的議程來?" }, { "speaker": "張旭政", "speech": "當然可以。這個話題不是我們主動提的。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "宣佈開會。" }, { "speaker": "紀錄確認", "speech": "確認104年8月3、4日十二年國民基本教育課程研究發展會(第二屆)(以下簡稱課發會)第4、5、6、7次會議紀錄及辦理情形。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "這是國語文在 8/3 開會的意見,國語文群組早上才剛開過會,是否有意見?" }, { "speaker": "紀錄確認", "speech": "案由二:有關十二年國民基本教育語文領域-英語文(含國民中小學、普通型、技術型及綜合型高中)課程綱要(草案),提請討論。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "請各位回到 p4,我們對於第二外語的建議,英語文第八點..." }, { "speaker": "丁志仁", "speech": "上星期新住民群組大會時有派兩位代表,談了五十分鐘不歡而散。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "所以是「要求」高中在多元選修裡開設新住民語文?" }, { "speaker": "陳思玎", "speech": "關於本次會議議程中 p4 英語文第八點,因為目前第二外語和新住民的召集人未列席,他們上次有提到新住民語文課程在國小已經實施,如果國高中也有機會實施,是有延續性的。" }, { "speaker": "洪詠善", "speech": "第一波通過的草案,除了自然會在今天下午三點上網之外,都上網了。" }, { "speaker": "紀錄確認", "speech": "104年8月3日課發會第5次會議紀錄及辦理情形:" }, { "speaker": "孫明霞", "speech": "三(一)災害防救已有 22 個小時,在 36 小時裡比例很高了。所謂「但只占課綱五分之一」實屬誤解,我建議刪除(例如:...)這個括號。" }, { "speaker": "紀錄確認", "speech": "104年8月3日課發會第6次會議紀錄及辦理情形:" }, { "speaker": "紀錄確認", "speech": "104年8月4日課發會第7次會議紀錄及辦理情形:" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "「重要工具Excel」建議改為「重要工具:電子試算表(如Excel)」,以免有贊助特定廠商的問題。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "同意。" }, { "speaker": "業務報告", "speech": "一、十二年國民基本教育各領域課程綱要草案經104年8月3、4日課發會第4至7次會議詳細討論後,涉及各領綱草案整體之意見,羅列如下,請各領綱研修小組於參酌各次會議之課發會委員意見外,亦須併同針對各領綱草案所提共通意見納入,以利修改各領綱草案:" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "這是上次開完會後,每個領綱都要注意的。" }, { "speaker": "陳思玎", "speech": "生活課程綱要的修訂內容待會就要報告了,當時我們生活課程接到會議紀錄時,對修改課綱更具未來性和前瞻性的建議有討論,當然這個建議是針對每個領綱,我們認為此次課綱的研修是立足在現在當下課程實施的問題,同時也是走向未來的。" }, { "speaker": "張惠博", "speech": "今天已確認的紀錄,p9. 自然科學研修小組的意見,和其他領域的意見的方向、切入點,語句不太一樣,看起來,並沒有針對自然科學領綱提出實質意見。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "這個可以當作通案,帶回去和其他領綱討論,對於我們社會自己有的、好的成就,也讓孩子們知道。" }, { "speaker": "洪詠善", "speech": "在排版、覆校的過程裡,我們討論如何回應「未來的不可確定性」?" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "未來性是滿需要的,因為「課綱、教材、教師一產出就是落伍的」,教室裡坐的人都是未來的。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "學習內容可以更柔性、更減量,留空間給未來不確定的情況。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "除了外審之外,各領域都有時代尖端的專家,平常離教育很遠,讓他們來看看。例如 PCHome 團隊,或唐鳳委員,多一點這樣的人,看到他們專業的那一塊?外審委員之前我們找的都是已經認識的人,但是如果國教院可以透過其他方式,連絡到各業界的專家,可能會更好。" }, { "speaker": "歐用生", "speech": "p22 第四點,報紙上說社會科會暫緩。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "我建議放在給審查委員的意見表裡。" }, { "speaker": "洪詠善", "speech": "領綱撰寫時,都是以「學生」為主詞,展現出能力或素養。" }, { "speaker": "張旭政", "speech": "上次會議我沒有出席,但主要對「同意各領綱小組規劃師資授課等適任原則」字樣提出意見,並希望列入紀錄。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "理解,也請張委員特別注意紀錄中其他的適法性問題。" }, { "speaker": "業務報告", "speech": "二、經104年8月3、4日課發會第4至7次會議討論初步通過的領綱草案,共計19份:" }, { "speaker": "洪詠善", "speech": "我們原本是要 2 月完成公告,教科書必須有 26 個月的編審期,所以最晚是明年 6 月前要公告,才能在 107 學年各教育階段一年級逐年實施。" }, { "speaker": "丁志仁", "speech": "這是「分秒必爭」的規劃。對社會領域,很可能 9/22 無法處理,所以我希望 9/10 左右,再開一個工作小組的進度檢視會。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "同意,9/10 請課程中心確認第二波(含社會領域)的時程。" }, { "speaker": "提案討論", "speech": "案由一:有關十二年國民基本教育生活課程課程綱要(草案),提請討論。" }, { "speaker": "秦葆琦", "speech": "生活課程在 8/13 提出的草案,就是現在的附件 3。" }, { "speaker": "吳武典", "speech": "今天對生活領域,已經看到不少修改,但在正式推出前,希望附錄可以將「參考素材」標題可以改為「示例」,引導性,不要變得太過剛性,不要一綱多本、卻各本都差不多。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "先請謝金城委員代表第三群組報告。" }, { "speaker": "謝金城", "speech": "理念和要點上,句子確實不是很順。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "吳老師在講的時候,我想說的是,可以對照 p98-p100 的建議,再衡量生活領域的報告,剛才聽起來都 OK,只有一點有空間。" }, { "speaker": "參考意見", "speech": null }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": null }, { "speaker": "鄭漢文", "speech": "p3 (五)感知與欣賞 p6 倒數第二行,「感知與欣賞」後的「欣賞」可刪除。" }, { "speaker": "陳思玎", "speech": "從參與生活課程從開始到現在,對於文字敘述、用詞,在敘寫時反覆和召集人、老師們討論,每個人對於用詞如何是精準的、能夠表達心裡想說的話,基於不同的用語習慣可以有無數種的表述方式。因此建議若文中的用詞如果沒有語法的不正確或誤用,請尊重課綱研修委員們的文字表述方式。" }, { "speaker": "歐用生", "speech": "我參與生活課程比較多次,很肯定他們的努力。以下不記錄..." }, { "speaker": "陳瓊花", "speech": "感謝生活領域團隊的辛苦。" }, { "speaker": "張惠博", "speech": "剛剛聽了生活課程的報告,很像是兒童版的通識教育,但其課程概念結構完整。" }, { "speaker": "鄭漢文", "speech": "生活課程裡,有很多比較、差異,但生活也應強調的是統整和相互依存。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "我也要先離開... 以下不記錄。" }, { "speaker": "王垠", "speech": "p1 基本理念,看到的是三個大標題,比較不容易開門見山。" }, { "speaker": "林文虎", "speech": "案由二我也先表示同意。" }, { "speaker": "李彥儀", "speech": "我也先表示同意。" }, { "speaker": "吳武典", "speech": "想提出「愛國」教育的問題。世界各國沒有學校課程不從小教學生愛國的,像美國,國民愛國得不得了。" }, { "speaker": "陳思玎", "speech": "如果小孩會愛自己、愛家、愛土地,自然就愛國了。如果以孩子為主體,能學到團體的規範,就能與人和諧的相處,對我們而言,這就是一個愛國家的表現了。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "陳委員和小組代表也都表示文字願意修改。" }, { "speaker": "陳思玎", "speech": "同意。" }, { "speaker": "洪詠善", "speech": "生活領綱 8/31 如果能提供草案,我們就準備上網了。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "另外示例部份,是否附錄先不上網,課程手冊時再一起上線?別的領域也是這樣處理的。" }, { "speaker": "歐用生", "speech": "有事先離開,個人同意案由二。" }, { "speaker": "曾世杰", "speech": "我大力支持,拜託大家。" }, { "speaker": "洪詠善", "speech": "案由二。p102 是要修正 104 年 4 月 20 日的議事程序,加上「紀錄」部份。" }, { "speaker": "張旭政", "speech": "我贊成這個方向。" }, { "speaker": "丁志仁", "speech": "開玩笑的時候,彼此調侃不予紀錄。" }, { "speaker": "吳武典", "speech": "我不反對。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "會有怎樣的難關,我們要一關、一關過。" }, { "speaker": "謝金城", "speech": "國教署的會議,我們代表協會參加,那次討論的內容比較敏感,和教師有切身關係,請調時間兩年改成三年,與會者覺得影響很大。" }, { "speaker": "張旭政", "speech": "謝校長的情形,我們組織每星期都遇到。" }, { "speaker": "丁志仁", "speech": "像「教育大家談」的討論會議被人身攻擊是一回事,但課發會的性質不一樣。" }, { "speaker": "張惠博", "speech": "在會議中,我們都是基於自身的教育見解、價值、學術訓練發言,但是,課綱的建立,仍有社會、文化、經濟、政治等因素在裡面。" }, { "speaker": "孫明霞", "speech": "我非常贊成。但我也比較希望,因為聘請時沒有這樣的告知,所以用信賴保護原則,希望可以再次確認,然後以全部都記名為原則。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "p22 業務報告裡,「...等適任原則」引起了討論。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "各委員互相提醒,這就是我們的「共好」。" }, { "speaker": "王垠", "speech": "假設通過的話,是否溯及既往?" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "是從這次開始。" }, { "speaker": "洪詠善", "speech": "國教院的紀錄會公開在自己的網頁上,只是從這次開始,改由以記名為原則。" }, { "speaker": "謝金城", "speech": "如果有人對特定委員發言表達不同看法,國教院是否有責任?" }, { "speaker": "洪詠善", "speech": "國教院可以在網頁上,連結到委員自行紀錄的逐字稿。" }, { "speaker": "吳武典", "speech": "我覺得有些記名、有些不記名,這樣不徹底,是有點困難的。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "司法院就是公開的..." }, { "speaker": "吳武典", "speech": "目的一樣,就是希望不要讓外界的批評阻礙我們。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "為什麼「有人不公開姓名」是有爭議的?" }, { "speaker": "謝金城", "speech": "到社會領域時,會不會有人因此不敢講話?" }, { "speaker": "陳思玎", "speech": "之前課審會時,雖然沒有這樣的紀錄原則,但後來也「被」公開了。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "聽起來,包括先離開的委員(曾、李、鄭、林、張、歐等六位),在場的委員都是同意的。" }, { "speaker": "吳武典", "speech": "疑慮中,勉強贊成。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "這個案子,是否就通過?" }, { "speaker": "吳武典", "speech": "希望字句在發表前,能先自我檢核,並得做必要的修飾。" }, { "speaker": "唐鳳", "speech": "一定會先和國教院的同仁確認。" }, { "speaker": "鄭文瑤", "speech": "專業的發言,當然可受公評。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "我覺得有逐字紀錄,比較我們原先的重點紀錄,其實更容易有上下文的脈絡。" }, { "speaker": "吳武典", "speech": "要保障言論自由。" }, { "speaker": "謝金城", "speech": "團體代表人列席時,是否能發言?" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "可發言,但不參與表決。" }, { "speaker": "洪詠善", "speech": "列席可以發表所代表單位或團體意見,如果有書面授權,代理的人才可以表決。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "團體、行政代表,如果書面授權代理,可以算作出席人數嗎?" }, { "speaker": "范信賢", "speech": "議事程序 p104 第一點可以修改成「書面授權,可代表出席」,在下次大會提案。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "我們下次會確認。個人代表一定要到,團體、機關的「書面委託出席」列為下次的議案。" }, { "speaker": "洪詠善", "speech": "下次大會在 10/4-9 之間,調查委員的時間。" }, { "speaker": "柯華葳", "speech": "謝謝大家,我們十月見!" } ]
https://sayit.pdis.nat.gov.tw/2015-08-19-%E8%AA%B2%E7%99%BC%E6%9C%83%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AB%E6%AC%A1%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0%E7%B4%80%E9%8C%84
[{"speaker":"彭啟明","speech":"各位伙伴大家午安,大家好。我是這一場的主持人(...TRUNCATED)
https://sayit.pdis.nat.gov.tw/2015-08-23-%E6%BC%94%E8%AC%9B%E9%96%8B%E6%94%BE-%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99
[{"speaker":"唐鳳","speech":"大家好,今天的會議正式開始,首先說明麥克風使用(...TRUNCATED)
"https://sayit.pdis.nat.gov.tw/2015-08-27-uberx-%E8%87%AA%E7%94%A8%E8%BB%8A%E8%BC%89%E5%AE%A2%E6%84%(...TRUNCATED)
[{"speaker":"唐鳳","speech":"大家好,很高興今天大家非常準時,所以我們就準時(...TRUNCATED)
"https://sayit.pdis.nat.gov.tw/2015-10-01-airbnb-%E8%87%AA%E7%94%A8%E4%BD%8F%E5%AE%85%E6%8B%9B%E7%A7(...TRUNCATED)
[{"speaker":"柯華葳","speech":"大家好。"},{"speaker":"丁志仁","speech":"其他三科的草(...TRUNCATED)
"https://sayit.pdis.nat.gov.tw/2015-10-05-%E8%AA%B2%E7%99%BC%E6%9C%83%E7%AC%AC%E4%B9%9D%E6%AC%A1%E6%(...TRUNCATED)
YAML Metadata Warning: The task_categories "conversational" is not in the official list: text-classification, token-classification, table-question-answering, question-answering, zero-shot-classification, translation, summarization, feature-extraction, text-generation, text2text-generation, fill-mask, sentence-similarity, text-to-speech, text-to-audio, automatic-speech-recognition, audio-to-audio, audio-classification, voice-activity-detection, depth-estimation, image-classification, object-detection, image-segmentation, text-to-image, image-to-text, image-to-image, image-to-video, unconditional-image-generation, video-classification, reinforcement-learning, robotics, tabular-classification, tabular-regression, tabular-to-text, table-to-text, multiple-choice, text-retrieval, time-series-forecasting, text-to-video, image-text-to-text, visual-question-answering, document-question-answering, zero-shot-image-classification, graph-ml, mask-generation, zero-shot-object-detection, text-to-3d, image-to-3d, image-feature-extraction, other

Chinese Speech Corpus

This dataset has been sourced from SayIt, a specialized website focused on preserving transcripts and meeting notes. Presently, it encompasses a compilation of 1739 dialogues, encompassing approximately 340,000 sentences along with their respective speakers.

License

CC0 License

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