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BACKGROUND The COPM has neither been examined in a randomised clinical study nor employed in relation to lumbar spinal fusion patients . |
BACKGROUND We aimed to examine whether or not the use of the semi-structured interview COPM during in-hospital rehabilitation could : ( 1 ) identify more ADL-related problems of importance to the patients after discharge from the hospital , ( 2 ) enhance the patients ' ADL performance after discharge from hospital |
METHODS Eighty-seven patients undergoing a lumbar spinal fusion caused by degenerative diseases were randomly assigned to either use of the COPM or to standard treatment . |
CONCLUSIONS Use of the COPM during hospitalization helped in identifying more ADL problems encountered by patients during the first 3months post-discharge period as COPM served to identify more treatment goals and plans of action . |
CONCLUSIONS Use of the COPM had no impact on the patients ' ADL performance , and the difference is so small that COPM may be of little clinical consequence . |
###17626912 |
BACKGROUND Several occupational exposures adversely affect lung function . |
OBJECTIVE This study reports the influence of continued occupational dust and fume exposures on the rate of decline of lung function in participants with early chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) studied in a population-based study . |
METHODS Subjects consisted of 5,724 participants in the Lung Health Study , a multicenter study of smoking cessation and anticholinergic bronchodilator administration in smokers with early COPD ( 3,592 men ; 2,132 women ) . |
METHODS Average post-bronchodilator FEV1 at entry was 78.4 % predicted for men and 78.2 % predicted for women ; all participants had an FEV1/FVC ratio less than 0.70 . |
RESULTS Participants underwent a baseline evaluation and five annual follow-up assessments , including questionnaires and spirometry . |
RESULTS The effect of ongoing dust or fume exposure on FEV1 in each follow-up year was statistically evaluated with a mixed-effects regression model , which was adjusted for FEV1 at entry , age , airway responsiveness to methacholine , baseline smoking intensity , and time-varying ( yearly ) smoking status during each follow-up year . |
RESULTS In men with early COPD , each year of continued fume exposure was associated with a 0.25 % predicted reduction in post-bronchodilator FEV1 % predicted . |
RESULTS Continued smoking and airway hyperresponsiveness were also associated with reduction in FEV1 during each year of follow-up in both men and women . |
RESULTS Statistically significant effects of dust exposure on the rate of decline were not found , nor were effects of fume exposure noted in women . |
CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a need for secondary prevention by controlling occupational fume exposures . |
###15182981 |
OBJECTIVE To identify differences in lower extremity kinematic movement patterns between genders during walking through the application of an expected perturbation . |
METHODS Randomized limb kinematics were compared between healthy active males and females . |
BACKGROUND Lower extremity kinematics during jump landing and cutting have been implicated as a potential source of the discrepancy in anterior cruciate ligament injury rates between genders . |
BACKGROUND Kinematic differences between genders have been identified during tasks that are not provocative of anterior cruciate ligament injury but do result in increased ligament strain . |
BACKGROUND Repetition of movement patterns that increase anterior cruciate ligament strain may increase the likelihood they will be reproduced during athletic tasks that produce force loads that exceed anterior cruciate ligament tensile strength . |
METHODS Twenty subjects ( 10 women , 10 men ) classified as a level I or II athlete underwent motion analyses while performing self-paced walking trials . |
METHODS Five trials were undisturbed , and five each with a platform translating either laterally or anteriorly at heel contact . |
METHODS Sagittal , frontal , and transverse hip angles as well as sagittal and frontal knee angles were collected during stance . |
RESULTS Excursions in the frontal and transverse planes were greater at the hip and knee for females compared to males in each walking condition . |
RESULTS The rate of these excursions also occurred more rapidly for females than males . |
RESULTS There was no difference for joint angles at initial contact between genders , and there was no difference in the amount of sagittal plane excursion for the hip and knee when comparing genders . |
CONCLUSIONS Females demonstrate characteristics during both normal and perturbed gait that may potentially contribute to increased anterior cruciate ligament strain . |
CONCLUSIONS Repetition of these potentially harmful movement patterns during provocative athletic maneuvers may lead to anterior cruciate ligament injury . |
CONCLUSIONS Females exhibit lower extremity kinematic patterns that differ from males . |
CONCLUSIONS Female kinematic patterns may contribute to an increased risk for anterior cruciate ligament injury . |
###9871425 |
BACKGROUND Oxycodone is metabolized in the liver by means of O-demethylation to form oxymorphone in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme cytochrome P450 2D6 ( CYP2D6 ) . |
BACKGROUND This enzyme is expressed as 2 phenotypes ( extensive and poor metabolizers ) . |
BACKGROUND Several drugs are metabolized by CYP2D6 , and clinically relevant drug interactions may occur . |
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of oxymorphone in mediating the opioid effects of oxycodone by means of blocking CYP2D6 with quinidine . |
METHODS Ten healthy extensive metabolizers were administered 20 mg controlled-release oxycodone after premedication with placebo or 200 mg quinidine in this randomized , double-blind crossover study . |
METHODS A dose of 100 mg quinidine was administered 6 hours later . |
METHODS Plasma opioid concentrations , subjective pharmacodynamic ratings , and psychomotor function were assessed for 24 hours after drug administration . |
RESULTS No oxymorphone was detected at any time after quinidine premedication in 8 of 10 subjects . |
RESULTS Plasma oxycodone ( difference not significant ) and noroxycodone ( P < .01 ) concentrations were greater after quinidine pretreatment . |
RESULTS Prevention of the production of oxymorphone by quinidine did not affect the psychomotor or subjective drug effects of oxycodone . |
RESULTS No difference in number of adverse effects was observed after the 2 pretreatments . |
CONCLUSIONS A significant reduction in plasma oxymorphone levels did not substantially alter the pharmacodynamic effects of oxycodone . |
CONCLUSIONS Analgesia was not evaluated because pain was not present . |
###17716936 |
OBJECTIVE Safety and reactogenicity of a new heptavalent DTPw-HBV/Hib-MenAC ( diphtheria , tetanus , whole cell pertussis-hepatitis B virus/Haemophilus influenzae type b-Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A and C ) vaccine was compared with a widely used pentavalent DTPw-HBV/Hib vaccine . |
METHODS Three phase III randomized studies comparable in design and methodology , in which healthy infants received DTPw-HBV/Hib-MenAC ( N = 1334 ) or DTPw-HBV/Hib ( N = 446 ) at 2 , 4 , and 6 months , were pooled for analysis . |
METHODS Solicited symptoms were recorded for 4 days , and unsolicited adverse events for 31 days after each dose . |
METHODS Serious adverse events ( SAEs ) were recorded throughout the studies . |
RESULTS There were no significant differences between the two groups in the proportion of subjects with fever > 39.5 degrees C or > 40.0 degrees C ( p < 0.005 ) . |
RESULTS Compared to group DTPw-HBV/Hib , a significantly higher percentage of subjects in group DTPw-HBV/Hib-MenAC reported fever > 39 degrees C ( 21.2 % vs. 14.8 % , p = 0.004 ) . |
RESULTS Fever subsided quickly , did not lead to differences in attendance to medical services and did not increase from dose to dose . |
RESULTS Sixty-seven SAEs were reported , 56/1334 ( 4.2 % ) in group DTPw-HBV/Hib-MenAC and 11/446 ( 2.5 % ) in the DTPw-HBV/Hib group . |
CONCLUSIONS Overall , the heptavalent and pentavalent vaccines had similar safety profiles . |
CONCLUSIONS The difference observed in percentage of subjects with fever > 39 degrees C did not lead to differences in medically attended visits for fever . |
###21692844 |
OBJECTIVE To describe satisfaction with continuous glucose monitoring in Type 1 diabetes ; to correlate continuous glucose monitoring satisfaction scores with usage ; and to identify common themes in perceived benefits and barriers of monitoring reported by adults , youths and the parents of youths in the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation continuous glucose monitoring trials . |
METHODS The Continuous Glucose Monitoring Satisfaction Scale questionnaire was completed after 6 months of monitoring . |
METHODS Participants also answered open-ended queries of positive and negative attributes of continuous glucose monitoring . |
RESULTS More frequent monitoring was associated with higher satisfaction for adults ( n = 224 ) , youths ( n = 208 ) and parents of youths ( n = 192 ) ( all P < 0.001 ) in both the ` benefits ' and ` hassles ' sub-scales of the Continuous Glucose Monitoring Satisfaction Scale , but the greatest differences between the two groups involved scores on hassle items . |
RESULTS Common barriers to monitoring use included insertion pain , system alarms and body issues ; while common benefits included glucose trend data , opportunities to self-correct out-of-range glucose levels and to detect hypoglycaemia . |
CONCLUSIONS As frequent use of continuous glucose monitoring is associated with improved glycaemic control without increased hypoglycaemia it is important to overcome barriers , reinforce benefits and set realistic expectations for this technology in order to promote its more consistent and frequent use in individuals with Type 1 diabetes . |
###11783329 |
OBJECTIVE To observe the clinical effect of Xinyikang Oral Liquid ( XYK ) in treating viral myocarditis patients of Qi-Yin Deficiency and Evil-Toxin Encroaching Heart Type . |
METHODS Randomized controlled method was adopted , the 92 cases in the XYK group received XYK and 30 cases in the control group received Qidong Yixin oral liquid treatment for 4 weeks as a therapeutic course . |
METHODS Their symptoms , signs , white blood cell count ( WBC ) , erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( ESR ) , lactate , aspartate aminotransferase ( AST ) dehydrogenase ( LDH ) , creatine phosphokinase ( CPK ) , creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme ( CPK-MB ) , electrocardiogram ( ECG ) and dynamic ECG changes before and after treatment were observed . |
RESULTS The improvement on chest stuffiness , short breath , fatigue and spontaneous perspiration in the treatment group was better than those in the control group ( P < 0.05 ) and XYK showed obvious improving effect on ESR , AST , LDH , CPK and CPK-MB ( P < 0.01 or 0.05 ) . |
RESULTS There was no adverse reaction or side-toxic effects revealed in using XYK . |
CONCLUSIONS XYK has significant therapeutic effect in treating viral myocarditis . |
###24462735 |
OBJECTIVE Little is known about the benefit of antiviral therapy for hepatitis B e antigen ( HBeAg ) - positive patients with high viral load and normal levels of alanine aminotransferase . |
OBJECTIVE We evaluated the effects of single and combination therapies in immune-tolerant patients with chronic hepatitis B. |
METHODS In a double-blind study , nucleos ( t ) ide-nave patients with high levels of hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) DNA who were positive for HBeAg and had normal levels of alanine aminotransferase were randomly assigned to groups given either oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate ( TDF , 300 mg ) and placebo ( n = 64 ) or a combination of TDF ( 300 mg ) and emtricitabine ( 200 mg , n = 62 ) for 192 weeks . |
METHODS The primary end point was proportion of patients with serum levels of HBV DNA < 69 IU/mL at week 192 . |
RESULTS The study population ( mean age was 33 years ; 89 % were Asian ) was predominantly infected with HBV genotypes B and C ( 93 % ) , 99 % were HBeAg positive with a mean baseline level of HBV DNA of 8.41 log10 IU/mL . |
RESULTS At week 192 , 55 % of patients ( 35 of 64 ) in the TDF + placebo group and 76 % of patients ( 47 of 62 ) in the TDF + emtricitabine group had levels of HBV DNA < 69 IU/mL ( P = .016 ) . |
RESULTS No patients were found to have viral resistance to therapy . |
RESULTS HBeAg seroconversion occurred in 3 patients ( 5 % ) , all in the TDF + placebo group ; no patient had loss of hepatitis B surface antigen . |
RESULTS In multivariate analysis , female sex ( odds ratio = 7.05 ; P = .002 ) and TDF + emtricitabine treatment ( odds ratio = 3.9 ; P = .01 ) were associated with a favorable response . |
RESULTS Both regimens were well tolerated . |
CONCLUSIONS In HBeAg-positive patients with chronic HBV infection , high viral loads , normal levels of alanine aminotransferase , and therapy with the combination of TDF and emtricitabine provided better viral suppression than TDF alone , although rates of HBeAg seroconversion and hepatitis B surface antigen loss were low . |
###17577218 |
BACKGROUND This randomized , noncomparative , multicenter , clinical trial evaluated ixabepilone or mitoxantrone/prednisone ( MP ) as second-line chemotherapy for taxane-refractory , hormone-refractory , prostate cancer ( HRPC ) . |
METHODS Patients with HRPC that progressed during or within 60 days of cessation of taxane chemotherapy were randomly selected with equal probability to ixabepilone 35 mg/m ( 2 ) intravenously every 3 weeks , or mitoxantrone 14 mg/m ( 2 ) intravenously every 3 weeks and prednisone 5 mg orally twice daily . |
METHODS Treatment continued until progression or toxicity ; crossover was allowed . |
RESULTS Forty-one patients were accrued to each arm of the study . |
RESULTS The median number of cycles administered for each arm was 3 . |
RESULTS Median survival from protocol entry was 10.4 months with ixabepilone and 9.8 months with MP . |
RESULTS Prostate-specific antigen ( PSA ) declines of > or = 50 % were observed in 17 % of ixabepilone ( 95 % CI , 7-32 ) and 20 % of second-line MP patients ( 95 % CI , 9-35 ) . |
RESULTS Partial responses were observed in 1 of 24 ixabepilone and in 2 of 21 MP patients with evaluable measurable disease . |