Datasets:

PrimeIntellect

/

fineweb-edu

like 2

Follow

Prime Intellect 80

Taking pictures is a hobby that can help to release the creative side in anyone. Many people have a passing interest in photography, but it never goes beyond that, due to the amount of information required to become a good photographer. You can begin to cultivate better photographic skills by taking a look at the advice below. Decide what is going to be in your picture. Imagine a window through which you see only a selected portion of the subject. Don’t focus on too many different things. If you are trying to capture an impression, take a couple of photographs instead of just one singe picture that has no detail or focus. It takes experimentation to learn which shutter speed works best in different settings. Photography can help you get that split-second moment or to blur those large time periods. Faster shutter speeds should be used to capture objects in motion, while slower shutter speeds are great for still shots. Framing is an extremely important factor when it comes to photography. Get rid of distracting elements by zooming into your focal point. You will reduce clutter in your photos and prevent unwanted focal points. Instead of waiting until your destination to start recording your trip with photographs, start snapping those photos as soon as your trip starts. You needn’t wait to arrive at your destination to start snapping photos. The trip getting there and back also offers shots that will preserve the whole experience of the trip. Instead of only waiting until you reach your desired location, document your trip there. For example, an airport presents lots of engaging subjects for your photographs. Pictures of off-beat and smaller objects can be a fun addition to your travel scrapbook. These small details may seem unimportant at the time, but they will add color and completeness later, when reflecting back. They will bring back your good memories of the trip. Include items like funny street signs, unusual cultural products available in shops or local items like coins or tickets. Experience with the composition of your photographs to create unique shots, artistic photos and perfectly posed pictures. Such as with the other arts, if composition is lacking, your work isn’t the best it may be. Study different composition methods and practice them. This will make you a much more well-rounded photographer. When you are taking photographs, remember that you do not have to overcrowd it. You should have no reason to have a bunch of clutter or elements in your shot. The art of innocence is really wonderful, so try to keep the shots you take simple. Have some fun experimenting with different expressions, perspectives and scales. You can turn ordinary objects into amazing photographs by changing these aspects. Bring your subject closer to the camera so that it looks larger, or move away so it looks tiny and out of place. Change things up, and create interest or humor in your photos. You can achieve an entirely novel perspective on a familiar subject if you play around with your composition enough. You may be tempted to take low-res photos in order to save space on your storage media, but low-res photos look really bad when you print them. The lowest setting should only be used if the sole purpose of your photos will be to display them on your computer screen. Photography is a common hobby enjoyed by many. Unfortunately, most people do not get into photography because the large amount of information that is available intimidates them.

12 - 15 Months If you are in the habit or reading, talking and singing to your baby, you will now see the rewards of your efforts. He or she will be able to understand more and more. Remember, the more you talk to your baby the smarter he or she will A good time to talk to your baby is while he or she is getting dressed. As you hand them each piece of clothing, name it: sock, shoe, pants, diaper, sweater, shirt. After a few days of this, put their clothes on the floor in front of them and ask your baby to give the clothes to you as you say the item’s name. While bathing, name the toys in the tub and ask them to hand you a specific toy. Try to avoid “NO’s” except when danger is involved! If your baby does something that you do not like, distract them by taking them to another area and giving them something else to do. If baby is about to touch a hot store, use the word “no.” For example: “No, the stove is hot. That will hurt you.” Be consistent when you use the word “no,” so that it means “Stop Things Your Child May Do At This Age - Pick up tiny objects using only thumb and forefinger - Point and probe with forefinger - Release objects awkwardly; throw objects to practice how to release fingers - Hold something out for you to take (Note: doesn’t always let go.) - Experiment with simple ways things fit together - Walk with one or both hands held or actually walk alone - Rock to rhythm while standing alone - Stoop to pick up things on the floor - Climb stairs while holding on to your hand or the banister: (Be sure to supervise!) - May push riding toys backwards instead of pulling them - Introduce toilet training through consistent, positive encouragement. There is no set time to start “potty - Your child’s readiness should be the guide. - When your baby is born, the nervous system, which sends messages throughout the body, has not completely developed. As your baby grows and his body develops, he gains more control over his body’s actions and functions such as: holding his head up, rolling over, picking up small items with his fingers and walking. The same is true for going to the bathroom. Potty training can only occur when he is able to control his bladder and his bowel functions. Babies’ bodies develop at different rates, so be patient! Praise him when he is successful. Do not punish him when accidents occur – they ARE “accidents.” - Lock cabinets, doors and windows as your child begins to move about. - Use a gate to block entrances to stairs. - Supervise stairs and/or use a gate to block entrances. - Your child will love to play with water. Remember, it only takes 4 minutes to drown in less than 2 inches of water. - SUPERVISE at all times whenever your child is playing - NEVER leave open buckets of waterun-attended. - Place medicines, cleaning products, matches and firearms on high shelves behind locked doors.Remove all hazardous substances. Cover all electrical outlets and extension cords that are exposed. - Buckle your child into a front-facing child seat placed in the back eat of the car when you take your child for - Supervise play at the beach, in a sand box or with dirt. She may want to eat the sand or dirt or throw it rather than dig and pour. - Well Baby Check-ups: 12 months (DO it Now!) - Immunization at 12 months: If your baby has not had these immunizations yet, now is the time for HIB, Hepatitis B, and Chickenpox vaccine (optional). - Continue cleaning teeth with a very small toothbrush moistened - Water is as important as food. - Offer small drinks of water two or three times each day - Limit juice to 4 – 6 ounces (1/2 cup) a day. Things You Can Do Every Day To Help Your Child Grow - Read to your child every day. Story time is an excellent way to wind-down before naptime or bedtime. It helps to create a routine: such as “It’s bedtime, get your favorite book so we can read.” - Help your child learn how to hold books – turned right-side up and starting at the front of the book. Teach her that they are fun to look at but should be handled gently. Patiently teach her that books are not for chewing or tearing. (Accidents will happen. Have tape handy to repair torn pages. Do not make a “big deal” out of a bent or torn - Encourage him to express his feelings with words; for example, “Oh, you bumped your head. I know that hurts. Tell me where it hurts.” - Give your child time outdoors. Let him run and play. Climbing in and out of boxes is a favorite game. Remember to watch him closely when outside – he can move pretty fast when he wants to.

FIRST AMERICAN CAR SOLD IN APRIL, 1898; Pioneer Motor-Propelled Vehicle Made in France in 1769--Interesting Phases in Automobile History. By CHARLES CLIFTON. President National Automobile Chamber of Commerce. (); January 04, 1920, , Section Automobiles, Page A2, Column , words The twenty-second anniversary of the first sale of a motor vehicle in the United States will come in April of this year. The automobile, which was conceived in Europe, has found its greatest development in the United States. Many of the American pioneers are still living and reaping the benefits of their early ... January 04, 1920 * Does not include NYT Now or Premium Crosswords subscribers. Already a subscriber? Log in to view this article »

Auditors work both for accounting firms and for all levels of government. Just about any organization you can imagine needs an auditor. Nonprofits, large, publicly traded corporations, small mom-and pop-businesses, government agencies, and even some individuals employ the skills of auditors. An auditor will spend the majority of his or her workday going over the details of financial documents and verifying them for accuracy. An auditor must pay attention to the minutia of a client’s financial transactions. Auditing often attracts people who are extremely detail-oriented because paying attention to cash flow and asset allocation all day requires a fine sense of concentration. Some auditors may work as internal auditors. A business hires an internal auditor to work in-house full-time as opposed to hiring out for an auditor from an accounting firm. Internal auditors are responsible for overseeing the financial documents of all transactions made by their employers. Internal auditors check their employers’ records to be sure that all of the transactions and documentation are done legally. They also may make recommendations on how the business could be run more efficiently or where the business may be able to cut costs. Sometimes, internal auditors specialize within certain industries. For example, if you are particularly interested in advertising, you may want to work as an internal auditor for an advertising company in order to integrate your interest into your accounting career. If you work for an accounting firm or are self-employed, as opposed to working as an internal auditor, you will likely spend a great deal of your time at your clients’ sites. Because you are reviewing your clients’ documents and inventories, it is often more convenient to do so on their premises, hence auditors spend a lot of time traveling. You may want to explore accounting careers in auditing if you are looking for a career that will give you opportunities to see new places. However, traveling can affect many aspects of your lifestyle, so whether you want to be away from home may influence your preference in accounting careers. Traveling can be tiresome and take time away from family, but it can also lead you to see something new and expand your accounting career. Auditing also requires you to use a lot of technology and stay up to date on current software. Most auditing is done using spreadsheets and specific programs designed to track data. Auditing technology evolves over time, so accounting careers in auditing fit well for those who enjoy learning to use new technology. Many auditors begin their accounting careers working for large accounting firms. Entry-level salaries at these firms generally range between $50,000 and $60,000 per year, but that may vary based on location and whether you are beginning your accounting career with a bachelor’s or master’s degree. Within about six years, you may be eligible for a managerial position if you remain at a large company. Managerial salaries average close to $100,000 per year, but again, that may vary. Once you have been with an accounting firm for over ten years, you may able to become a partner. Salaries for partners can exceed $200,000 per year in some cases. However, a very small percentage of entry-level employees reach the partner level. This may partially be due to the fact that many auditors decide to go into business for themselves.

If you’ve ever tried printing a large Microsoft Excel worksheet, you’ve undoubtedly encountered some awkward-looking print jobs. Excel’s automatic page breaks don’t exactly take your custom data views into consideration. In order to control exactly which rows and columns appear on your printed pages, you’ll need to insert manual page breaks. Fortunately, this is simple and easy to visualize in Excel’s Page Break view. Getting Excel Ready 1Open your spreadsheet. Click “File,” then “Open,” and navigate to the folder that contains your spreadsheet. Double-click the file name to view it in Excel. 2Open the Page Setup options. Click the “Page Layout” tab at the top of the screen and locate the group called “Page Setup.” To view the options, click the small arrow at the bottom right of the Page Setup group. 3Enable adjusted scaling. On the “Page” tab of the Page Setup options, locate the section called “Scaling.” Select “Adjust to:” and change the percentage to 100%. Click “OK” to save this setting. 4Enter Page Break view. This view allows you to see where automatic page breaks occur (indicated by blue dotted lines). Knowing where the automatic page breaks occur will help you place your new page breaks appropriately. Click the “View” tab and select “Page Break Preview” from the Workbook Views group to launch this view. Inserting and Managing Breaks 1Click the row below your desired horizontal page break location. For example, if you want to place a horizontal page break between rows 4 and 5, select row 5. 2Insert the horizontal page break. Return to the “Page Layout” tab and click the arrow beneath the “Breaks” icon. From the options, select “Insert Page Break.” A thick line will appear where the manual break was inserted. 3Select the column to the right of your desired vertical line break. If you want to insert a vertical line break between columns C and D, for example, select column D. 4Insert the vertical page break. On the “Page Layout” tab, click the arrow beneath the “Breaks” icon, then select “Insert Page Break.” A thick vertical line will indicate the location of your new break. 5Move your page break. If you decide your page break should occur at a different location than where you’ve originally inserted it, hold your mouse over the break until an arrow appears, then drag the arrow to another location. 6Delete a page break. If you decide you no longer want a page break you’ve inserted, it’s possible to delete the break. - Delete a vertical break: Select the column directly to the right of your vertical page break. Click the arrow beneath the “Breaks” icon and select “Remove Page Break.” - Delete a horizontal line break: Select the column just below the horizontal page break, then click the arrow beneath the “Breaks” icon. Select “Remove Page Break.” 7Return to Normal view. If you don’t want to see the page breaks while you work, click the “View” menu at the top of the screen, then select “Normal.” You can switch between these two views as needed. - To get rid of all manually-inserted page breaks, open the “Page Layout” tab and click the arrow beneath the “Breaks” icon. Select “Reset All Line Breaks.” - While Excel’s automatic line breaks cannot be moved or removed, manual breaks will always override them. Categories: Microsoft Excel In other languages: Español: insertar un salto de página en una hoja de Excel, Italiano: Inserire un'Interruzione di Pagina in un Foglio di Excel, Русский: вставить разрыв страницы в таблице Excel, Português: Inserir uma Quebra de Página em uma Planilha do Excel Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 126,037 times.

Programming the TI-84 Plus graphing calculator to stay awake involves creating a simple program to prevent the calculator from shutting off automatically. Here’s how to create a program that keeps the TI-84 Plus active: - Turn on your TI-84 Plus and press the PRGMbutton to access the program menu. - Create a new program by pressing the right arrow key to select ‘NEW’, then press ENTER. Give your program a name by typing it in using the alphanumeric keys, then press - Enter the program code by typing the following: This code snippet creates an infinite loop, which keeps the calculator from shutting off. Here’s what each part does: While 1: This line starts a loop that will always be true, so it will run indefinitely. End: This marks the end of the loop. Since the condition of the Whileloop is always true ( 1), the loop will run continuously. - Save and exit the program editor by pressing the 2ndbutton followed by - Run the program by pressing PRGM, selecting the name of the program you just created, and pressing The calculator will now run this program indefinitely, which prevents it from sleeping. To stop the program and return the calculator to normal behavior, you can press the ON button to interrupt the program. Please note that running this program will prevent the calculator from automatically shutting off to save battery power, which will result in the batteries depleting faster than they normally would. It’s usually best to let the calculator sleep as intended when you’re not using it to extend the life of the batteries.

Forget illicit drugs and questionable supplements. New research suggests that a small, constrictive band that wraps around an athlete's arms or legs may lead the next wave of performance-enhancing fads in competitive sports. A study published this month in the journal Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise demonstrated that highly trained swimmers that used a blood pressure cuff to restrict blood flow to their arms a few minutes before maximum-effort time trials improved their performance in a 100-metre race by 0.7 seconds. The study team was led by Greg Wells and Andrew Redington at the University of Toronto's Hospital for Sick Children. So, in just a few minutes' time and with minimal effort, athletes were able to significantly boost their performance, making gains that -- according to the authors -- would normally take an average of two years of intense training to accomplish. The study builds off research first conducted in the 1980s by cardiovascular pioneer Keith Reimer that examined infarcts, areas of dead cardiac tissue that resulted after heart attacks, when blood flow (and, hence, oxygen) were cut off for extended periods of time. Reimer and his colleagues discovered that much less heart muscle deteriorated when the tissue had previously experienced a few training sessions where blood flow was slightly reduced. It was as if practice makes perfect, and the previous bouts of low blood flow, which researchers refer to as ischemic preconditioning, primed the heart muscle to endure more serious, even catastrophic, events. When a life-threatening heart attack transpired, instead of shrivelling away, the preconditioned heart muscle seemed to stand strong. In 2009, a research team led by Maria Hopman from Radbound University in the Netherlands posed a question: If Reimer's team was able to use ischemic preconditioning to protect the cardiac muscle during a heart attack, would the technique protect different types of muscle tissue from the stress and damage that occurs during another type of ischemic event, like exercise? Though immensely different than a heart attack, exercise is technically an ischemic event, as athletic performance hinges on how much blood reaches a tissue. And insufficient blood flow, which also translates to reduced oxygen and nutrient delivery, can be one factor that limits exercise duration and intensity. Hopman recruited 15 healthy, trained cyclists, asking each participant to complete two maximum effort bicycling tests, where the intensity was slowly ramped up over time. But before one of the bicycling tests, the subjects underwent three 5-minute rounds where an inflatable cuff, similar to what's used to measure blood pressure, limited the circulation to their legs, followed by a five-minute rest period where the cuff was deflated. The researchers found that the subjects performed better when they underwent ischemic preconditioning before the exercise trial, touting gains in both maximum power (1.6 percent) and peak oxygen consumption (3 percent). Yet, the performance improvements were not due to differences in heart rate, respiration or lactate levels, all of which seemed to stay the same, regardless if ischemic preconditioning was used or not. Rather, it seemed possible that the ischemic preconditioning treatment may have given the participants their edge. While Hopman's work recorded the benefits conferred to the average athlete, the latest research from Wells and Redington pushes the understanding of ischemic preconditioning one step further, looking at whether the technique works in elite athletes, a group whose bodies run with machine-like efficiency. Using a group of 16 to 18 swimmers who previously competed at the national or international level, the research team devised a double-blind crossover study where the same athletes swam mid-intensity and maximum-effort trials, but on two different days. To counterbalance one of the main criticisms of the earlier studies conducted by Hopman -- that the study design potentially allowed the placebo effect to creep in, inadvertently making participants try harder when they had an inflatable cuff strapped to their legs preceding exercise -- Wells and Redington decided to alter their protocol: On both days of the experiment, a cuff would be inflated on every athlete's arm. On one day, to induce ischemic preconditioning, the cuff would be pumped up enough to surpass the systolic blood pressure, slowing the flow of blood to the arms for four cycles of five minutes. The other day, the cuff was still inflated, but only enough to slightly squeeze the muscles for each 5-minute period, which provided a better sham, or control condition, than Hopman used. Yet it seems that ischemic preconditioning is not a placebo effect at all. Similar to the Hopman's findings in average, healthy volunteers, Wells and Redington found that when elite athletes used ischemic preconditioning before the maximum-effort trials, they swam faster. In fact, the athletes bettered their personal records by 1.1 percent on average. And just as Hopman observed, the performance boost was not a result of heart rate or blood lactate-level differences. Consequently, ischemic preconditioning had no effect on the less rigorous, mid-intensity trials. All of the researchers investigating ischemic preconditioning seem to agree that temporarily reducing the blood flow to a tissue causes protective molecules to be released into the bloodstream. But many are still scratching their heads as to why. Hopman thinks ischemic preconditioning may cause vessels to dilate once blood starts flowing again, increasing nutrient and oxygen delivery to the formerly deprived tissue. Wells and Redington, on the other hand, think altered metabolism of mitochondria -- the energy powerhouses of muscle cells -- may contribute to more energy available for exercise.

Air pollution in OECD countries has fallen in recent years, and is expected to continue to fall in the coming decades, driven by tighter emission regulations. However, substantial increases in air pollution are projected to occur in the key emerging economies. Air pollution concentrations in some cities, particularly in Asia, are already far above acceptable health standards (e.g., the World Health Organization’s Air Quality Guideline) – leading to severe issues with health and millions of pre-mature deaths. The consequences on public health are now being realised. In the UK alone poor air quality causes over 40,000 deaths per year. In China 1.6 million people die each year from heart, lung and stroke problems because of polluted air. Catalytic after-treatment often represents the most cost effective means of controlling emissions to air from stationary sources. ACCESSA will use its voice to demonstrate to regulators and the wider sector that tighter emission control can be met through commercially available and developmental catalytic after-treatment.

By Zahava Moerdler On May 31, the German parliament voted almost unanimously on a resolution that recognized the killing of over 1.5 million Armenians in Turkey in 1915 as a genocide (one MP voted against and one abstained). The decision makes Germany one of only 26 countries, including Canada, France and Russia, to recognize the events as genocide. Turkey became so incensed with Germany’s decision that it recalled its ambassador to Turkey. Recep Tayyip Erdoggen, President of Turkey, threatened further action against Germany while Turkish Nationalist protesters gathered outside the Germany embassy in Istanbul in protest. Germany’s decision is interesting considering that Germany was an Ottoman ally during World War I, and many German officials witnessed the deportations and killings of the Armenian population. Many of those officials remained silent to the atrocity or were complicit, providing weapons and fighting alongside the Ottomans. Some have even argued that the Armenian genocide was the model for the Holocaust. The 2016 resolution acknowledging Germany’s complicity was championed by the co-leader of Germany’s Green Party, Cem Ozdemir, a man with strong Turkish roots, who advocates for Armenian-Turkish reconciliation. Germany’s decision comes at a particularly tumultuous time in Europe. The United Kingdom’s vote on June 24 to leave the European Union. marks a turning point in the history of the E.U. Unfortunately, the rhetoric immediately preceding and right after the vote show growing trends of xenophobia, racism and extremism in Europe. In the U.K., hate crimes have increased 57 percent since the vote, including a racist demonstration outside a mosque and racist graffiti on the entrance to a Polish community center. In Hungary, France and Germany, rightwing nationalist groups have called for their own E.U. referendums. Viktor Orban, Prime Minister of Hungary, has even expressly linked the migration crisis in Europe as a direct cause of the Brexit. Now, more than ever, it is necessary to take lessons from the past so that history is not doomed to repeat itself. As Germany and other nations grapple with the Armenian genocide and their possible complicity in those atrocities, perhaps reflecting on the American genocide can be especially instructive. In 1915, the Young Turk government, a reformist movement against the former Turkish absolutist Sultan Abdul Hamid II, shifted its policy towards the Armenian population within Turkey. While there had been tensions between the Turks and Armenians for generations, the Young Turk government instituted a policy of deportation and premeditated mass extermination. The Ottoman government began transferring Armenian soldiers from the Turkish army into labor battalions where they were either killed or worked to death . On April 24, 1915 , 235 Armenian doctors, clergy, lawyers, politicians and teachers were arrested and murdered in Constantinople, leaving the Armenian community leaderless and vulnerable . Approximately 1.5 million people were deported over the course of eight months. One-half to three-quarters of the Armenian population living in the Ottoman Empire were murdered between 1915 and 1923. The impetus for the genocide was both “Turkifying” the Ottoman Empire, which was fueled by nationalism and the defeats in the Caucuses in 1914 , which the Young Turks blamed on the Armenians in the area. The Young Turks began a campaign to portray the Armenians as a threat to the state. Although there were Armenian nationalists who had cooperated with the Russians during the conflict, the identification of the entire Armenian population as complicit in the acts of a few created a propaganda campaign that furthered hate and fear. Dangerous speech is speech that increases the risk of violence targeting certain people because of their membership in a group, such as an ethnic, religious, or racial group. This includes incitement as well as speech that makes incitement possible by conditioning audiences to accept, condone and commit violence against people who belong to a targeted group. Dangerous speech created the 1915 Turkey, a country primed for genocide. Blaming the Armenians for wartime losses, targeting ethnic minorities as “other” and perpetuating narratives of fear and hate conditioned the Turkish population to act violently and hatefully against a specific group of people. These problematic trends continue today. The refugee crisis has been blamed for the economic instability and terrorism in European countries . As a result, many Europeans have become incensed. In June, the U.K. voted to leave the E.U., a vote that some of posited stems from these frustrations. This rhetoric has come from within the U.K. and abroad, most notably Prime Minister Orban in Hungary. Minorities continue to be “othered” in the U.K. and elsewhere in Europe, as evidenced by recent racist and xenophobic crimes. Finally, populist nationalist groups use narratives of fear and hate to promote their agendas, like other Leave campaigns throughout Europe, thereby stoking the flames of frustration and agitation. Europe is once again at a crossroads, with dangerous speech pushing the continent towards violence, hate, racism and xenophobia. Brexit is merely a single case where racist rhetoric, tied to a national crisis, has yielded hate speech and crimes. What remains to be seen is how the U.K., Europe, the U.S. and the world writ large will respond to these increasingly troubling trends. This is not a British problem. It is not a European problem. It is a global problem. Unless dangerous speech is curbed through the promotion of counter-narratives, the lessons of the past will rear their ugly head. Do not forsake the lessons of the Armenian genocide, especially at a time when justice and recognition have made so much headway. Zahava Moerdler is a 2016 Leitner Center Summer Fellow. She is interning with Human Rights First in Washington, DC. Photo credit: mrsamisnow/Creative Commons The views expressed in this post remain those of the individual author and are not reflective of the official position of the Leitner Center for International Law and Justice, Fordham Law School, Fordham University or any other organization.

Federal economic update: seniors out of the picture The federal government’s economic update includes no measures to support seniors, ... In Canada, nearly 60% of credit card holders are unaware of the interest rate and 40% are unable to pay off the balance every month. That’s cause for concern! Here are 10 things you should know about credit cards. This is the famous 21-day period where you enjoy your card without paying interest on your purchases. The credit card statement date (and due date) changes each month. For example, if the date is January 25, the due date will be February 15. But for a statement dated February 15, the due date could be March 8. The best way to avoid late payments (and interest charges) is to pay at least 48 hours before the due date, excluding weekends. If your financial institution is the card issuer, payment will be instant or on the same day. Use your institution’s payment alert service (usually free). Even better: reset the account balance to zero when you receive the statement, even if it means using your personal line of credit or mortgage, whose rate is always lower than the card’s rate. You can repay this amount on your payday, with interest at the margin rate. That is going to cost you a lot. For example, if you buy a $1,000 TV and only pay the minimum required (2.5%) and the card rate is 19.50%, it will take you 14 years and 7 months to get your debt down to zero and the interest will have cost you $1443.99! Tip: set up an automatic transfer to your credit card every payday, even if it means making an additional payment at the end of the month to bring the account to zero. To calculate your transfer amount, add up your annual expenses and divide by 26. Want to know how much your credit card debt is costing you and how long it will take to pay it off? Use the Autorité des marchés financiers calculator. And avoid payment holidays, because interest continues to accrue. Phone the card issuer. If this is your first delay and you bring your account to zero each month, they will usually refund you. However, the delay will be recorded on your finances credit file. The first time doesn’t matter. But if it happens more than twice a year, it will affect your credit rating. Borrowing or insuring yourself may then cost you more. This is the best way to damage your credit report. Pay it off right away! Also, if you have five credit cards, but you really only use one, it certainly affects your credit report. Take the scissors to the three newest ones (especially the department store cards). And make a $20 monthly purchase with the card that is not or rarely used. Yes, but they are practically a scam. The interest accrues as soon as you cash them, just like an ATM withdrawal made with the card. Negotiate a line of credit or a personal loan if you need credit. And shred those checks without delay. Bad for your credit report! Keep your total transactions below 30% of the limit. Beware of unexpected overruns: you have $60 left before you reach the limit, you buy $20 of gas, but the pump freezes $100. You exceed the limit and are charged a hefty overage fee. Raise your limit or curtail your lifestyle. Ask the issuer to do so, otherwise cancel your card. Your financial institution can offer you another one… or go elsewhere! Good for you! But if the issuer charges you an annual fee, your rebates are not so attractive. Worse still: the fee could exceed the rebates. In fact, 82% of consumers choose their card based on its loyalty program, but 57% have no idea of their bonus point balance and 38% do not know their value. First: do not accumulate them beyond a few months. Second: the best way to select a card is to make a few comparisons: Choose the card according to your priorities (travel, food, gas). Go for cash back cards. Avoid cards with annual fees. Third: avoid promotional rates, it’s a catch, especially for balance transfers. And if you’re having trouble getting your monthly balance down to zero, forget the bonus points and get a low-rate card.

No one knew what happened to William Olson. At about three in the afternoon on April 13, 1966 he had been swimming with his friends from the Peace Corps in the part of the Baro river that ran through Gambela, Ethiopia when he suddenly disappeared. The last person to remember seeing him was hunter Karl Luthy. One moment Olson was standing in the river, pressing his body against the current, and the next he was gone. Luthy could not be sure, but he was almost certain that Olson had been taken by a Nile crocodile. He and the people who lived in the nearby village had warned the young travelers that swimming in the river was dangerous, especially since a child and a woman had been recently devoured by a crocodile there, but the American visitors did not care. Luthy’s fears were confirmed about a half hour after attack. Just at the edge of sight the crocodile appeared with Olson’s body in its jaws, but rather than go after the animal right away Luthy decided to wait until morning. Rushing to kill the reptile would do no good. Olson was already dead, and if Luthy attempted to shoot to crocodile while it was still in the river both the animal and Olson’s body might be lost. Instead he decided to leave the predator be until morning when it came out of the water to bask in the sun. The crocodile did just as Luthy predicted. It hauled itself out onto the riverbank at about seven the next morning, and after a few attempts Luthy and his client were able to kill it. When they opened it up there could be no doubt that the thirteen-foot long crocodile was the one that had killed Olson. What was left of the young man was placed in a cardboard box. Such tragic events remind us that we are not separate from or above nature. Much like our hominin forebears we can still be prey, and crocodiles are among the animals that have long considered us to be on the menu. Fragmentary remains of fossil hominins from the famous locality Olduvai Gorge, especially, show tell-tale signs that crocodiles consumed the bodies of our ancient relatives, and new fossils from the 1.8 million year old rocks there have identified one of the possible culprits. For years it had been assumed that the Olduvai crocodiles were prehistoric representatives of the Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) that still occasionally snatch people from the water’s edge, but when crocodile expert Chris Brochu looked at numerous fragments collected by Jackson Njau and Robert Blumenschine he realized that the Olduvai croc was something quite different. Even though he had only a collection of fragments to work with the paleontologists could tell that this ancient reptile had a deeper snout than its living relative, and the back of its skull was flared up into “horns” of bone that would have given it a unique profile somewhat reminiscent of living Cuban crocodiles (Crocodylus rhombifer). This prehistoric croc would have dwarfed all but the largest of its living relatives, though. Estimated at a maximum length of approximately 25 feet long it would have been a truly frightening ambush predator, and given the tooth-marked hominin bones the the trio of scientists decided to name it Crocodylus anthropophagus in the journal PLoS One. Clearly C. anthropophagus was large enough to kill and consume hominins, but did it really do so? To approach an answer we have to split this question into two. From the fossil evidence collected so far it is clear that some prehistoric crocodiles at Olduvai consumed the bodies of hominins. Tooth marks on hominin bones confirm this beyond reasonable doubt. The question is whether individual C. anthropophagus killed the hominins in the first place. On this point there is no evidence to discuss. It is certainly plausible that C. anthropophagus counted early humans as prey but given the present lack of direct evidence actual predation is difficult to confirm. Even so it is remarkable that we have any evidence that these crocodiles fed on hominins at all. Large C. anthropophagus individuals probably would have pulverized hominin bodies prior to consumption, and once the flesh and bones of the early humans entered the crocodile’s stomach they would be eaten away by powerful stomach acids. (As the authors suggest this means that smaller crocodiles fed upon the hominins represented by the tooth-marked bones.) If hominins fell prey to fully-grown crocodiles it is unlikely that any trace would have been left behind. These caveats aside I do think it is likely that C. anthropophagus at least occasionally fed on hominins. Given the projected size of the crocodile, the habits of its living relatives, and the tooth-marked bones I do not think that a C. anthropophagus would not have much hesitation about gobbling up an unwary hominin if the opportunity presented itself. While we might consider Olduvai to be one of the cradles of our ancestors, a place where stone tools were invented and utilized, 1.8 million years ago the human inhabitants of that place were still prey. [The account of Olson’s death was summarized from a fuller account given in the book Eyelids of Morning: The Mingled Destinies of Crocodiles and Men] Brochu, C., Njau, J., Blumenschine, R., & Densmore, L. (2010). A New Horned Crocodile from the Plio-Pleistocene Hominid Sites at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania PLoS ONE, 5 (2) DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009333Go Back to Top. Skip To: Start of Article.

Differing Points of View Towards Pollution There are two main points of view on pollution; that of the environmentalists and that of industry and big business. Basically, the environmentalists want all forms of pollution greatly reduced or eliminated. At the same time, industry and big business say it is too expensive to cut down on pollution. The Kyoto Accord is intended as a way for both sides to have some middle-ground. Countries around the world are signing on to Kyoto, with the exception of the United States, which says it’s too expensive. The environmentalists take great exception to businesses and governments who will not spend money to reduce pollution and attempt to save this planet. They believe that all major forms of pollution should be reduced or eliminated no matter the cost. They are lobbying governments all over the world to step in and impose regulations on businesses in which they are forced by law to reduce the amount of pollution they produce. Some governments are trying to listen to the environmentalists without completely ignoring the businesses that essentially run the economy. This is how the Kyoto Accord came into being. The Kyoto Accord is basically a set of guidelines that are aimed at reducing major forms of pollution, such as greenhouse gasses, that every country which signs must abide by. Since the conditions of the Kyoto Accord are costly to both business and government, some of the more capitalist countries such as the United States have not signed the Accord. Although other, less capitalist, countries have taken even farther steps than are required by Kyoto. One such country is the United Kingdom. “Helen Woolston, head of environment at EEF, the manufacturers’ organization, said the new caps would double the existing Kyoto target of a 12.5% cut which affects six gasses.” (Gow) Although they know the increased cost of exceeding Kyoto’s guidelines, they are doing it anyway. The energy industry in Britain is against the government’s decision to exceed Kyoto’s guidelines. It claims that the government is going too far in its efforts to reduce pollution and it’s costing too much money. “Jeremy Nicholson said: ‘These proposals are counter-productive – they will simply drive industry offshore and raise global emissions…’ ” (Harrison) At this time in history, with our complete reliability on fossil fuels, our economy is run in such a way that causes severe damage to the natural environment. We see in many places, such as the Untied States, where big business and money is far more important than the environment, that environmental regulations are not as strict as they are in most other countries around the world. In the United States, and other similar countries, where business and money is more important than anything else, what is said to the government by business executives and other such rich people is what gets done. So this means the environmentalists, and other “little people” are rarely listened to. Since the environmentalists are not being taken seriously everywhere, pollution is still a major problem. It is a problem that has no economically easy solution. The Kyoto Accord is the first step to save the environment, but it will be a very long time before it has a major impact on the environment because of countries, namely the United States, which will not sign the Accord.

OF EATING RAW The human race learned long ago that cooking meat before eating it would protect them from certain diseases. Since then this practice of cooking has grown to include all types of foods and is now considered an art. Very few meals are eaten which include raw elements, except for the leafy green One advantage of eating raw is that it brings Natures intentions into focus. When I speak of eating raw I am referring to fruit, nuts, and vegetables, which taste good to the majority of humankind in their basic simplicity direct from tree, bush or vine. I realize it isnt easy to simply abandon thousands of years of tradition and revert back to 100% raw food. Margaret Mead once said, It is easier to change a mans religion than to change his diet. So to the point, there are 10 advantages to a diet of fresh, whole raw fruits, vegetables, and nuts, which may lead you to find a greater place for them in your diet. 1. Raw foods are better quality, therefore you eat less to satisfy your nutritional needs. The heat of cooking depletes vitamins, damages proteins and fats, and destroys enzymes which benefit digestion. As your percentage of raw foods increases you feel satisfied and have more energy on smaller meals because raw food has the best balance of water, nutrients, and fiber to meet your bodys needs. 2. Raw foods have more flavor than cooked foods so there is no need to add salt, sugar, spices, or other condiments that can irritate your digestion system or over stimulate other organs. 3. Raw foods take very little preparation so you spend less time in the kitchen. Even a child of 5 or 6 can prepare most items for breakfast, lunch or dinner. This gives children a sense of self-esteem and independence, not to mention the break it gives Mom or Dad. 4. When you are eating raw theres little chance of burns, unless youre in the middle of a forest fire or out in the sun too long. Just think! No burns to tongues, the roof of your mouth, or fingers, and many fewer house fires. 5. Cleaning up after a raw meal is a snap. No baked-on oils or crusty messes. And any inedible parts go directly to the compost pile. 6. Eating a diet of raw foods can reverse or stop the advance of many chronic diseases, including heart disease and cancer. Remember, cooking creates free radicals, which are the major cause of cancer. When you lower the number of free radicals your cells are bombarded with, you lower your risk of cancer. 7. A raw food diet can protect you from acute diseases such as colds, flu, measles, etc. Raw foods maintain a healthy body and a healthy body will not 8. As long as you combine raw food properly according to the rules of Natural Hygiene, you will soon reach a level where you no longer suffer from heartburn, gas, indigestion or constipation. 9. It is environmentally sound. With humanity on a diet of raw foods, the food industry would close up shop and take up organic gardening. This would save us enormous amounts of natural resources used to produce power for these industries. Nuclear power would be clearly unnecessary. And think of how many trees and oil reserves could be saved without the need for the paper and plastics used in packaging our processed foods. There would also be less carbon dioxide released in to the atmosphere when all the cooking stopped and more oxygen produced from all the new orchards and gardens, thus helping to reverse the Greenhouse Effect. 10. Eating raw saves you money on food, vitamins, pots and pans, appliances, doctor bills, drugs, and health insurance. So dont waste your food, yourself, and our planet by cooking what you eat. Fruits, nuts, and vegetables which are whole, fresh and raw are brimming with life and have the ability to transmit their life force directly to you. Susan Jorg, Estacada, OR

Nick Gabaldon, said to be the first known California surfer of African American and Mexican descent, would stop at nothing to catch a good wave. But growing up in Santa Monica in the 1940s, Gabaldon was not welcome at most of Southern California’s beaches because of his race. And yet, he refused to be daunted—when he didn’t have a car to get from Santa Monica to Malibu to surf, he paddled the 12 miles north to get there. Gabaldon’s life and the trail he blazed in surfing, will be celebrated at Santa Monica beach on June 1 with free surf lessons and other activities including a welcome ceremony with surfers paddling out to sea, free admission of the Santa Monica Pier Aquarium and a special children’s story time. Sponsored by Heal the Bay’s Heal the Bay Aquarium, the Black Surfers Collective and Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors Chairman Mark Ridley-Thomas, The Nick Gabaldon Day event, which begins at 9 a.m. and continues through the late afternoon, will also include a screening of the documentary 12 Miles North: The Nick Gabaldon Story at Heal the Bay’s Aquarium at 1.45 p.m. and 4.15 p.m. Dozens of youngsters from the Watts/Willowbrook Boys and Girls Club also will be attending the event as well–many of whom will be visiting the beach for the first time. “Nick Gabaldon’s story is not one of just a surfer,” said Chairman Ridley-Thomas. “It is about a man who refused to be held back by limitations imposed on him. He was determined to live his life to the fullest and paved the way for generations of young people to follow in his footsteps .” Gabaldon’s passion, athleticism and love of the ocean were par for the course for California surfers, but the past-time wasn’t readily available to nonwhites in the 1940’s, a story chronicled in the documentary Whitewash. Whitewash, which will be shown at 2:45 p.m. at the event and explores the complexity of race in America through the struggle and triumph of black surfers. “Even if they had access to the regional beaches, a desire to pursue surfing and the financial means to purchase the necessary equipment, non-whites would have needed courage and dedication to be a participant in this particular, small surfing group that was associated with white Southern Californians and people of the South Pacific,” said Alison Rose Jefferson, a doctoral candidate in Public History/American History at University of California, Santa Barbara and a historic preservation consultant who helped coordinate the event. “Although he experienced a common bond in the water among the surfing community, prejudice was not far away on land in the U.S. or in the ocean.” The Inkwell, as it was called by some, was a derogatory term referencing the “blackness” of the beach-goers’ skin color and it was the popular beach hangout for African Americans during the nation’s Jim Crow era, from the 1900s to 1960s. In 2007 the City of Santa Monica officially recognized the Inkwell and Gabaldon for their cultural significance in local, California and American history. Many who came after him have found his story inspirational. “We didn’t have many black surfing role models,” said Rick Blocker, founder of the website, www.blacksurfing.com, who commissioned a painting of Gabaldon that will be unveiled June 1. “He is someone, like myself, who lived a dream that is outside of convention. I was introduced to the ocean and I really loved surfing. I found my passion in it and when I heard about Nick, the obstacles that he had to overcome were much greater. He was undaunted in his desire to surf.” Gabaldon died in 1951 , doing what he loved; while riding a wave , he collided with the pilings on the Malibu pier. His legacy and impact on local surfing culture , however, has endured. Kai Barger, world pro junior surf champion featured in 12 Miles North: the Nick Gabaldon Story, that Gabaldon’s story serves as an example for people facing any disadvantage or challenge of what can be accomplished with enough determination. “The guys were doing it ahead of me gave me the motivation and drive to do it,” he said. For more information: http://www.healthebay.org/event/celebrate-nick-gabaldon-day[/raw]

The Mantle of Kings' Beards THERE were formerly two kings in Britain named Nynio and Peibio. One moonlight night, as they were walking the fields, "See," said Nynio, "what a beautiful and extensive field I possess." "Where is it?" said Peibio. "There it is," said Nynio, "the whole sky, as far as vision can extend." "And dost thou see," said Peibio, "what countless herds and flocks of cattle and sheep I have grazing in thy field? " "Where are they? " said Nynio. "There they are," said Peibio, "the whole host of stars which thou seest, each of golden brightness, with the Moon for their shepherdess, to look after their wanderings." "They shall not graze in my pasture," said Nynio. "They shall," said Peibio. " They shall not," said the one. "They shall," said the other. From contention it came to furious war, and the armies and subjects of both the kings were nearly all destroyed. Rhitta Gawr, King of Wales, hearing of the desolation wrought by these mad monarchs, determined to attack them. Having previously consulted the laws and his people, he marched against them, vanquished them and cut off their beards. When the other Kings of Britain, twenty-eight in number, heard of this, they combined all their legions to avenge the degradation committed on the two disbearded kings, and made a fierce onset on Rhitta the Giant and his forces; and furiously bold was the engagement. But Rhitta won the day. "This is my extensive field," said he then, and he shaved the beards of these kings also, so that he now had the beards of thirty Kings of Britain. When the kings of the surrounding countries heard of the disgrace inflicted on all these disbearded kings, they armed themselves against Rhitta and his men, and tremendous was the conflict. But Rhitta achieved a decisive victory, and then exclaimed, " This is my immense field," and at once ordered his men to shave off the beards of the kings. Then pointing to them, "These," said he, "are the animals that grazed my field, but I have driven them out: they shall no longer depasture there!" After that he took up all the beards and trimmed with them a mantle for himself that extended from head to heel: and Rhitta was twice as large as any other person ever seen. Then Rhitta sent a messenger to the Court of King Arthur to say that he had trimmed a mantle with kings' beards, and to command Arthur carefully to flay off his beard and send it to him. Out of respect to his pre-eminence over other kings his beard should have the honour of the principal place. But if he refused to do it, he challenged him to a duel, with this offer, that the conqueror should have the mantle and the beard of the vanquished. Then was Arthur furiously wroth and said: "Were it permitted to slay a messenger, thou shouldest not go back to thy lord alive, for this is the most arrogant and villainous message that ever man sent to a king. By the faith of my body, Rhitta shall lose his head." Arthur gathered his host and marched into Gwynedd and encountered Rhitta. The twain fought on foot, and they gave one another blows so fierce, so frequent and so powerful, that their helmets were pierced and their skullcaps were broken and their arms were shattered and the light of their eyes was darkened by sweat and blood. At the last Arthur became enraged, and he called to him all his strength: and boldly angry and swiftly resolute and furiously determined, he lifted up his sword and struck Rhitta on the crown of the head a blow so fiercely-wounding, severely-venomous and sternly-smiting that it cut through all his head armour and his skin and his flesh and clove him in twain. And Rhitta gave up the ghost, and was buried on the top of the highest mountain of Eryri, and each of his soldiers placed a stone on his tomb. The place was afterwards known as Gwyddfa Rhitta, Rhitta's Barrow, but the English call it Snowdon.

American Journal of Physical Anthropology doi:10.1002/ajpa.21150 Spouse selection by health status and physical traits. Sardinia, 1856-1925 M. Manfredini et al. Military medical information and data from civil registers of death and marriage have been used to study the role of physical characteristics and health conditions in explaining access to marriage for the male population of Alghero, a small city located in Sardinia Island (Italy), at the turn of 19th century. Literature data about contemporary populations have already demonstrated the influence of somatic traits in the mate choice. The results presented here show that men with low height and poor health status at the age of 20 were negatively selected for marriage. This holds true also in a society where families often arranged marriages for their children. This pattern of male selection on marriage was found to be particularly marked among the richest and wealthiest SES groups. Our hypothesis is that this social group carefully selected for marriage those individuals who were apparently healthier and therefore more likely to guarantee good health status and better life conditions to offspring. In evolutionary terms, the mate choice component of sexual selection suggests that the height of prospective partners could be claimed as one of the determinants, along with other environmental causes, of the observed higher stature of men belonging to the wealthiest social strata of the Alghero population.

Everyone knows it is important to brush, floss, and rinse with a mouthwash to prevent tartar buildup. But do you know why this is important? Or what tartar is? How it gets on your teeth? And what happens if it does? Get the facts straight ahead, courtesy of Alex Bratic Dental Care. What Is Tartar? No matter how well you take care of your teeth at home, you still have bacteria buildup in your mouth. The bacteria join with proteins and food byproducts to create a gooey film known as dental plaque. This gooey crud coats your teeth, gets beneath your gum line, and attaches to fillings or other dental work. Plaque carries bacteria that can attack tooth enamel and end in cavities. Happily, if you remove plaque on a regular basis, you can prevent permanent tooth decay and gum disease. But, if plaque stays on your teeth and hardens into tartar you are on the path towards serious dental trouble. Tartar, also known as calculus, forms below and above the gum line. It is coarse and permeable and can cause receding gums and gum disease. It can only be eliminated using special dental tools. How Does Tartar Affect Teeth and Gums? Tartar can make it more difficult to brush and floss like you should, as it blocks the brushing action. This can lead to cavities and tooth decay. Any tartar that forms above your gum line is bad for you, because the bacteria in it can irritate and damage your gums. Over time, this might lead to progressive gum disease. The lowest level of gum disease is called gingivitis. It can usually be halted and reversed if you brush, floss, use an antiseptic mouthwash, and get regular cleanings from your dentist. If tartar is not eliminated by good dental habits, it can cause pockets to form between the gums and teeth and get infected by bacteria. This stage of gum disease is periodontitis, and in response you immune system sends chemicals to attack it. Unfortunately those defensive chemicals mix with bacteria and bacterial byproducts resulting in damage to the bones and tissues that hold your teeth in place. Some studies even link the bacteria in gum disease to heart disease and other health problems. Your best bet is not to let tartar form. Here’s a home strategy: - Brush regularly, twice a day for 2 minutes a time. Use a brush with soft bristles. Work particularly hard on difficult-to-reach areas like the molars. - Electronic toothbrushes may remove plaque better than manual ones, and they typically have built in timers to help you brush long enough. - Use a tartar-control toothpaste containing fluoride and triclosan, which fights the bacteria in plaque. - Floss religiously. No matter how skilled you are with a toothbrush, dental floss is the only way to remove plaque that gets stuck between teeth. - Rinse daily. Use an antiseptic mouthwash daily to help kill bacteria that cause plaque. - Watch your diet. Oral bacteria thrive on sugary and starchy foods. When they’re exposed to those foods, they release harmful acids. So eat a healthy diet and limit the amount of sugar you consume. Snacks are dangerous, too. Each time you eat, you feed your oral bacteria as well. You don’t have to give up sweets or between-meals snacks. Just be aware of how often you eat them. Brush and drink plenty of water during and after meals. - Don’t smoke. Cigarette consumption seems linked to tartar. Once tartar has formed, only your Alex Bratic Dental Care professional can remove it. So, visit us every 6 months for a dental checkup to remove plaque and tartar that might have formed. Deep Clean At Alex Bratic Dental Care At Alex Bratic Dental Care our first treatment is the clean and scale. Using a small mirror, your dental hygienist uses a scaler to eliminate plaque and tartar around the gum line, as well as in between your teeth. The more tartar there is in your mouth, the more time is needed to scrape the tartar off. After your teeth are free of tartar, the hygienist brushes them with a high-powered electric brush, which makes a grinding noise. Professional cleanings use a paste that smells and tastes like regular toothpaste, but has a gritty consistency that gently scrubs your teeth. Your teeth will then be flossed to remove leftover plaque or toothpaste and your mouth will be rinsed, often with a rinse containing liquid fluoride. Comfort, Convenience, and Excellent Care at Alex Bratic Dental Care Alex Bratic Dental Care in Beenleigh delivers the very best in dental services to patients of all ages. If you, your child, or a family member needs a smile fix, or just a checkup, we’re here for you! Alex Bratic Dental Care is located on City Road near the Pacific Motorway near Beenleigh Station, with convenient public transport nearby and free onsite parking. Call (07) 3287 2627 or visit us at 113 City Road in Beenleigh.

The U.S. government is continuing efforts to move the remains of Native American students who died at government-backed boarding schools dating back to the 1800s. Many of these schools had Christian administrations running them and were active across the United States as part of an effort to force assimilation. Kirby Metoxen, a councilman of the Oneida Nation, spoke at this year’s Winter Talk, which is a gathering of Native American church leaders and is tied to the Episcopal Church. There, based on an article from episcopalnewsservice.org, he presented his experience in 2017 where he walked through the cemetery at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Pennsylvania: Some of the cemetery’s headstones indicated the deceased were Oneida. “I came across the name Jemima Metoxen, and that’s my last name,” he said in his Winter Talk presentation. “It kind of took me aback a little bit.” The name on another headstone was Sophia Coulon, a common Oneida last name. Further along was the grave of Ophelia Powless. “My grandmother is a Powless,” Metoxen said. Overcome with emotion, Metoxen struggled to continue his presentation. “I think it affected me, walking through that cemetery, that this is our own,” he said. “These children didn’t ask to be here. How come nobody came to get these kids? It’s forever changed me.” Ophelia Powless died in 1891 of pneumonia, and Jemima Metoxen died in 1904 of meningitis, according to school records. Both were 16. Sophia Coulon, 18, died in 1893 of tuberculosis. In 2019, all three finally were returned home. Their remains were disinterred from Pennsylvania and brought to the Oneida Reservation as part of an ongoing federal repatriation effort. A funeral service for the three girls was held in June 2019 at Holy Apostles. Powless is now buried at the church’s cemetery, while Oneida tribal burial grounds hold the graves of the other two girls. “It was done right for our children, here at Oneida,” Metoxen said. Last June, the U.S. Department of Interior launched a review of boarding school policies going as far back as 1819 that have affected Native Americans like those in the Oneida Nation and others including the Rosebud Sioux Tribe. Some boarding schools, though no longer operating with federal policies of the past, remain operational today.

In September, an estimated 150,000 Canadian students with food allergies will be going to university or college. For first-year students, the transition from high school to post-secondary is a significant change in their lives. While living away from home is a new and exciting experience for most young people, the anticipation for those with food allergies can be entirely different. For those students, the change to a new environment complicates the simple act of eating. From established patterns of knowing where to eat, surrounded by family and friends who know and understand their allergies and how to respond to a severe reaction, to an entirely new situation where that level of familiarity does not yet exist. Students with food allergies have the additional pressure of having to figure out how they can stay safe while on campus, on top of navigating new social circles and the usual nervousness of starting a new phase in their lives. As a parent of teenagers with multiple food allergies, I very much relate to how anxious parents may feel about this transition. These feelings are understandable, in fact, U.S. research from the U.S. shows evidence that teens and young adults are at the highest risk of having an anaphylactic reaction because of their risk-taking behaviours: - Only 61 percent of teens/young adults always carry their epinephrine. - 42 percent of teens/young adults would eat food labelled “may contain”. - 60 percent of teens/young adults tell their friends about their allergy. As parents, we work hard to ensure our children are being vigilant in managing their allergies 100 percent of the time. However, we know they can be inconsistent. I can certainly attest to this being the case with my sons. And even though I know they are fully capable of managing their food allergies, this transition to independence still can be worrisome. That’s why I am so pleased to tell Allergic Living followers about the launch of Food Allergy Canada’s new guide: Managing Food Allergies and Anaphylaxis: A Comprehensive Guide for Post Secondary Institutions. This resource provides Canadian academic institutions with the tools they need to develop a comprehensive framework for supporting students with food allergies. Institutions are provided with specific recommendations on allergen protocols at food-service outlets, campus awareness and education, housing and dining procedures and on options for stock epinephrine auto-injectors. While students are expected to manage their allergies, Canadian universities and community colleges can help by encouraging a supportive and inclusive campus environment – creating a safe setting for the students to disclose their allergies and providing services and supports for managing risks. This guide was inspired by the tragic passing of Andrea Mariano in September 2015, just two weeks into her first year at an Ontario university. Our former Executive Director Laurie Harada, spearheaded the development of this post-secondary guide to help support all students with food allergies and to help them stay safe on campus. Following two years of extensive consultation with over 75 stakeholders from across Canada, we officially launched this guide in May. The response to the launch has been incredible, with almost 60 percent of universities across Canada downloading the free guide. We’re thrilled that more and more post-secondary institutions are factoring in allergy-awareness for their campus environments. However, managing food allergies continues to be a shared responsibility. Here are a few things we parents can do to help prepare our young adults to navigate this new environment: - Visit the campus in advance of the academic year to understand what practices and protocols are in place to help you navigate living with food allergies. - Talk to the food-service department. Together with your son/daughter, speak with food-service management and understand options for meals and the training that staff members receive on managing food allergens. - Have your student connect with their roommate in advance to discuss their food allergies, how to manage the risks, and how they can help in an emergency. - Reinforce to your son/daughter good self-management habits, including: - Letting others know about their food allergies - Recognizing signs of a serious reaction and how to help - Always carrying their epinephrine auto-injectors - Always reading food labels - Always asking about ingredients and food preparation when dining out. Be sure to visit foodallergycanada.ca/campusguide, where you can download your own copy of the guide and get access to additional resources and tools for students and their families. Let us know what you think. And ask the Canadian institution your son/daughter will attend if they have downloaded the guide and what actions they are taking to improve the level of support on campus. Jennifer Gerdts is the Executive Director of Food Allergy Canada.

Learn something new every day More Info... by email Wiring a phone with a new socket and phone line can be as simple as calling the local phone company to install a network interface device and then running the wires independently. A network interface device is a small box that is mounted to the outside of a building to house telephone connections. Connecting a new telephone line entails running a phone wire from the telephone to the box. A phone socket creates an outlet where one can plug the wire into a wall somewhere between the indoor phone and the outdoor box. There are several types of phone sockets, or telephone jacks, and the terminology can get confusing. The type of phone socket needed will depend on the type of phone wiring used. The Registered Jack (RJ) 11 is the most commonly used modular telephone jack, even in areas outside the U.S. Some other types of registered jacks are the RJ14, RJ21 and RJ48. An RJ11 jack specifies a two-wire connection, while RJ14, RJ21 and RJ48 jacks refer to four-, six-, and eight-wire connections, respectively. Telephone socket wiring works with registered jacks to specify a consistent type of wiring pattern. For residential telephone sockets, the phone wire consists of either four wires or two sets of two wires. Each set of two wires corresponds to one phone line. In other words, a single-line configuration will require two of the four wires to be connected. This process is simplified by color-coded wires, with the red and green wires representing the primary phone line. When completing a telephone socket wiring connection at the network interface device or box, the connections are color coded for easy hook-up. The green and red primary phone lines will be connected to the green and red screws, respectively. For connecting a secondary line, the black and yellow wires should be connected to the green and red screws, respectively. Phone socket diagrams are available to help clarify the color codes and conversions between various types of cables. British telephone socket wiring is similar to that in the U.S. in that RJ11 is the most common type of phone wiring. The actual connector on the end of the RJ11 cable is different in Britain than the U.S. version, rendering them incompatible. Telephone socket wiring in other parts of the world also may be similar to the U.S. in terms of wiring, but the design of the actual plugs and outlets varies greatly. @allenJo - Well, you got it right the first time when you said that they were filters. They are both filters and splitters. You may not need to split the home telephone wiring everywhere, but every phone plug needs the filter’s functionality. What the filter does is eliminate a lot of the high frequency noise. You need to do this everywhere you have a phone jack; otherwise it will affect the quality of your DSL signal as well as the quality of your phone calls. Yes, it seems a little counter-intuitive to have these filters sticking out of your phone jacks with nothing attached to them, but that’s just what you have to do. I don’t claim to understand the technology completely myself either. I think that phone plug wiring is rather simple. What I wonder about is the other stuff that I have to attach to my phone plug sometimes. Recently I got a DSL modem. I had to attach a DSL filter to the phone plug. It essentially split the wiring so that I could hook up one part of the phone plug to the modem and the other part to the phone. That much I understood. What I didn’t understand is why I had to attach other filters (they shipped me about four of them) to other phone jacks in the house. These were jacks that didn’t have a modem or a phone attached to them. They were not in use, so why did I need to attach a splitter? One of our editors will review your suggestion and make changes if warranted. Note that depending on the number of suggestions we receive, this can take anywhere from a few hours to a few days. Thank you for helping to improve wiseGEEK!

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The pantun is a Malay poetic form. The pantun originated as a traditional oral form of expression. The first examples to be recorded appear in the 15th century in the Malay Annals and the Hikayat Hang Tuah. The most common theme is love. In its most basic form the pantun consists of a quatrain which employs an abab rhyme scheme. A pantun is traditionally recited according to a fixed rhythm and as a rule of thumb, in order not to deviate from the rhythm, every line should contain between eight and 12 syllables. “The pantun is a four-lined verse consisting of alternating, roughly rhyming lines. The first and second lines sometimes appear completely disconnected in meaning from the third and fourth, but there is almost invariably a link of some sort. Whether it be a mere association of ideas, or of feeling, expressed through assonance or through the faintest nuance of a thought, it is nearly always traceable” (Sim, page 12). The pantun is highly allusive and in order to understand it readers generally need to know the traditional meaning of the symbols the poem employs. An example (followed by a translation by Katharine Sim): Tanam selasih di tengah padang, Sudah bertangkai diurung semut, Kita kasih orang tak sayang, Halai-balai tempurung hanyut. <—jiwang juga ya! I planted sweet-basil in mid-field Grown, it swarmed with ants, I loved but am not loved, I am all confused and helpless. According to Sim, halai-balai tempurung hanyut literally means "a floating coconut shell at sixes and sevens". Selasih (sweet basil) means "lover", because it rhymes with kekasih. Other frequently recurring symbols are the flower and the bee meaning the girl and her lover, the squirrel (tupai) meaning a seducer, and the water hyacinth (bunga kiambang) meaning love that will not take root. Pantuns often make use of proverbs as well as geographical and historical allusions, for example the following poem by Munshi Abdullah: Singapura negeri baharu, Tuan Raffles menjadi raja, Bunga melur, cempaka biru, Kembang sekuntum di mulut naga. <—Wow! bahaya ni! Singapore is a new country, Tuan Raffles has become its lord, Indian jasmine, frangipanni, Blossoms one flower in the dragon's mouth. (Translated by Sim, p.40) This alludes to the foundation of Singapore in 1819 by Sir Stamford Raffles. The last line means a girl who is protected by a powerful man and Sim suggests this may refer to Raffles' wife Olivia. Sometimes a pantun may consist of a series of interwoven quatrains, in which case it is known as a pantun berkait. This follows the abab rhyme scheme with the second and fourth lines of each stanza becoming the first and third lines of the following stanza. Finally, the first and third lines of the first stanza become the second and fourth lines of the last stanza, usually in reverse order so that the first and last lines of the poem are identical. This form of pantun has exercised the most influence on Western literature where it is known as the pantoum. According to one Eddin Khoo, a Malaysian artist who is known for how he documents the traditional arts of Malaysia, such as dikir-barat and the art of wayang kulit : " The pantun is one of the most sophisticated achievements of Malaysian cultural life. The pantun was admired by Victor Hugo and Charles Baudelaire. It was recently made famous by the poet John Ashburrey. The pantun has a very strict abab rhyme scheme. The first 2 lines are embellishments; the 3rd contains a message. The pantun contains a community element to it; spontaneous and people even hold pantun championships." (Eddin Khoo's translation of a pantun that is " banned" from the official pantun catalogs; because the " banned" pantun(s) are erotic. ) Mr. Khoo's English translations of these Malaysian pantun(s) are in the form of English off-rhymes which maintain the 4 line quatraine form and these off-rhymes have a theme to them. Small house with a door to the sea House where the fiddlers play Your fine body; so thin and so free Where my wild heart wants to stray. Translated from the recording of the original: Rumah kecil pintu kalaut Tampat orang mengasi di olah Tubo kecil bagai di raut Besitu tampat hati 'ku jila <— patutlah 🙂 Katharine Sim More than a Pantun: Understanding Malay Verse (Times Publishing International, Singapore, 1987 edition) François-René Daillie La lune et les étoiles: le pantoun malais (Les Belles Lettres, 2000) Agus R. Sarjono, Eddin Khoo, Sutandji Calzaren Bachri, Poezie uit Maleisie en Indonesie, audiotape of presentation for the Winternachten Festival, Denmark, January, 2005. External links Poetics of the Pantun USM Pantun Homepage Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantun"

As the solar wind flows from the sun, it creates a bubble in space known as the "heliosphere" around our solar system. The heliosphere is the region of space under the influence of our sun. The interstellar medium, the matter that fills the local region of our galaxy, is forced to flow around the heliosphere. It disturbs the solar wind so much as to create a secondary bubble around the heliosphere known as the heliosheath, which is filled with heated, slower solar wind. Scientists on the Cassini mission used the Ion and Neutral Camera sensor on the Magnetospheric Imaging Instrument to look at the interaction of these plasma bubbles with the interstellar medium. The scientists also looked at how the heliosphere and heliosheath move through the interstellar medium together. The sensor on Cassini detects hot particles known as energetic neutral atoms at high energies, complementary to instruments on the NASA Interstellar Boundary Explorer mission. This animation starts with our sun and pulls out to show us the heliosphere (gray) and the heliosheath (yellow) of our solar system. As the animation zooms away from the sun, it shows an artist's concept of the interstellar medium (in black arrows) flowing past the heliosheath. The interstellar magnetic field (smoky gray vertical stripes) parts and slides around the bubble of hot, high pressure particles. The interstellar medium contains the bubble and holds it in a more spherical configuration. The colors on the heliosheath represent the intensity of the hot high pressure particles, with red being the most intense, highest pressure. The shape of our solar system moving through the interstellar medium was previously thought to be comet-shaped, with a head pointed into the stream, and a tail flowing downstream. New observations show the shape actually resembles something more like a slippery ball (the hot particles that exert pressure) moving through smoke (the interstellar magnetic field). As the "ball" moves through the "smoke," the smoke bends and parts to let the ball through, then resumes its previous shape after the ball has passed on. At present, this is only hypothetical: New models will be motivated by these measurements, and will provide a more physically accurate basis for the interaction of the heliosphere with the interstellar medium. The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, Calif. manages the mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. For more information about the Cassini-Huygens mission visit http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov.

Allen’s Rule. One of those things you learn in graduate school along with Bergmann’s Rule and Cope’s Rule. It is all about body size. Cope’s Rule … which is a rule of thumb and not an absolute … says that over time the species in a given lineage tend to be larger and larger. Bergmann’s Rule says that mammals get larger in colder environments. Allen’s Rule has mammals getting rounder in colder climates, by decreasing length of appendages such as limbs, tails and ears. All three rules seem to be exemplified in human evolution. Modern humans tend to be larger and rounder in cooler environments than in tropical environments. Over time, the human lineage has gotten larger … australopiths of the Miocene and Pliocene were smaller than Homo erectus and modern Homo sapiens. In comparing contemporary African modern humans and European Neanderthals, the latter are rounder and have shorter limbs, especially the distal parts of the limbs (forearms and the leg below the knees). In fact, this difference in body proportion is one of the key features that physical anthropologists use to distinguish between regular modern humans and Neanderthals when faced with that task. [Revised and Reposted. Teachers, here is a PDF version of this post (slightly revised for better use as a handout). ] Bunnies demonstrating Allen’s rule. The usual assumption is that these changes in body form are selected for as a result of various environmental pressures, and that these features of body size and shape become adaptive features seen in particular populations. The body shape story is part of the Darwinian story of adaptation as well as, in some cases, the story of racial differentiation among humans or other organisms. And of course, it is all wrong, as usual. Well, OK, not all wrong, but certainly not as simple as one might think. There is a paper just out in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences that looks at body size proportions and Allen’s rule, and that presents (and summarizes from earlier work) some interesting results. But before we look at that, let’s make sure we are on the same page regarding the basic evolutionary models we are messing with here. First, let’s dispense with Cope’s Rule because it really isn’t too important here. The presumption is that bigger is better in enough different ways … to avoid predators, to out compete conspecifics, whatever … that over time there is a trend to get bigger. Bergmann’s rule — mammals get larger in cooler environments — is presumed to work because of the simple relationship between volume and surface area. Mammals, endothemeric creatures that they are, produce heat from their tissues (their volume) and lose it through their skin (their surface). As a a thing … a mammal, a balloon, a color television set, whatever … gets larger in size, the surface area goes up with a function approximated by a linear dimension squared, while the volume goes up with a function approximated by the same linear dimesion cubed. Volume grows faster than surface area, if shape is kept constant, when a thing gets bigger. So, having more heat-engine (volume, tissue) compensates for the increased loss via the surface (skin) in cold climates. Bigness is good in cool climates, and conversely, smallness is good in warm climates. But shape need not stay constant. An object shaped like a sphere will have minimal surface area compared to volume, while an object shaped like a chopstick will have lots of surface area per volume. Getting all lean and gangly is a tropical thing to do, getting all rotund and short-limbed is an arctic thing to do. That’s Allen’s Rule. Shortening the limbs, tail, and in some cases, ears gets the roundosity that the cool-climate mammal benefits from. This rule-like patterning of body size and shape has been observed within species and among related species distributed across climatically diverse geographical areas, or over time. Bergmann’s rule has been observed in pack rats tracking climatic changes during the Pleistocene; Humans are said to vary in this matter, with tropical proportions being distinct from arctic proportions; rabbit species go from round short eared and short tailed forms to lanky long eared and long tailed forms, and so on. But not all body size and shape effects that may in fact be tracking environmental clines are genetic. For instance, body size may be very much a function of diet and not genes, depending on the population. The paper at hand examines Allen’s rule in this regard. From the abstract: Most of that probably makes sense to the average science minded reader, but the term “genetic assimilation” may require some explanation. This is where a variant of trait…a measurable feature that look different across individuals…is found to look a certain way in a given population because of something non-genetic. Like, for instance, all people living in Canada wear warm hats in the winter. Then, over time, a genetic “answer” to the problem being addressed to the original trait happens to emerge and spread. So, at some point, a genetically determined form of hair that provides extra insulation emerges among Canadians and slowly spreads across the population, so a couple of thousand years later you see very few warm hats and mostly furry-headed people in Canada. In the more realistic situation referred to here, rabbits move into a cooler environment and adapt in a variety of ways including how their limbs end up growing (not of the adult rabbits that first moved there, but of their offspring) but later this phenotypic adaptation is augmented by genetically determined changes as selection works on whatever variation is in the population to make shorter limbs, and over time, the limb proportion of the rabbits is mostly genetic while it was originally mostly not genetic. Allen’s Rule documents a century-old biological observation that strong positive correlations exist among latitude, ambient temperature, and limb length in mammals. Although genetic selection for thermoregulatory adaptation is frequently presumed to be the primary basis of this phenomenon, important but frequently overlooked research has shown that appendage outgrowth is also markedly influenced by environmental temperature. Alteration of limb blood flow via vasoconstriction/vasodilation is the current default hypothesis for this growth plasticity, but here we show that tissue perfusion does not fully account for differences in extremity elongation in mice. We show that peripheral tissue temperature closely reflects housing temperature in vivo, and we demonstrate that chondrocyte proliferation and extracellular matrix volume strongly correlate with tissue temperature in metatarsals cultured without vasculature in vitro. Taken together, these data suggest that vasomotor changes likely modulate extremity growth indirectly, via their effects on appendage temperature, rather than vascular nutrient delivery. When combined with classic evolutionary theory, especially genetic assimilation, these results provide a potentially comprehensive explanation of Allen’s Rule, and may substantially impact our understanding of phenotypic variation in living and extinct mammals, including humans. In short, body proportions can be local non-genetic adaptations, or arise as a combination of genetic and ontogenetic causes. This paper further suggests that the non-genetic parts of the mechanism are different than previously thought. The following photograph demonstrates the effect of enviornment on limb proportion. The researchers grew mice in very different temperatures, and low and behold, the mice grew up with different proportioned limbs. The same effect is seen when little mouse bones are grown in vivo: And here’s a graph showing the in vivo effects of cold, control, and warm grown metatarsals over two and four days. The colder the setting, the shorter the bone. From the paper’s conclusion: From an evolutionary perspective, Allen’s ”extremity size rule” may not actually reflect a functional genotypic adaptation in some or even many homeotherms (9, 10), but may instead be partially or wholly dependent on environmental temperature; that is, a secondary growth response to ”facultative extremity heterothermy” in mammals that maintain constant core body temperatures. One would assume that significant differences in limb proportions between species that follow Allen’s rule are genetic, even if there is a phenotypic effect. I know of no widespread reports that tropical animals kept in temperate zoos or temperate or arctic animals raised in zoos in warmer climes show major body proportion shifts. On the other hand, since zoos can buffer the environment, especially for baby animals, and no one has looked for this specifically, I’m not taking any bets. Within species … across clines or subspecies … this raises very significant (and addressable) questions regarding adaptation in the genetic vs. the ontogenetic realms. If Allen’s rule is primarily an ontogenetic effect in some species, one can still consider the possibility that it is adaptive, but the nature of adaptation becomes somewhat more nuanced. Which is appropriate, because adaptation is probably never as straight forward as the textbook version of it towards whic we tend to gravitate. M. A. Serrat, D. King, C. O. Lovejoy (2008). Temperature regulates limb length in homeotherms by directly modulating cartilage growth Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0803319105

A mysterious ring of microwaves 06-06-2016 05:01 PM CEST europeanspaceagency posted a photo: Fifty years ago, astronomers discovered a mystery. They called it Loop I. Today, we still have not fully resolved the mystery of how this giant celestial structure formed but we do now have the best image of it, thanks to ESA’s Planck satellite . Loop I is a nearly circular formation that covers one third of the sky. In reality, it is probably a spherical ‘bubble’ that stretches to more than 100º across, making it wider than 200 full Moons. Its absolute size, however, is extremely uncertain because astronomers do not know how close it is to us: estimates to the centre of the bubble vary from 400 light-years to 25 000 light-years. What they do know is that the structure shows up in many different wavelengths, from radio waves to gamma rays. Planck sees Loop I in microwaves. This image’s colours reflect the polarisation – the direction in which the microwaves are oscillating. Our eyes are not sensitive to this information in the visible light, where we perceive only the intensity and colour. Planck, however, can detect all three of these characteristics in the microwaves it targets. The microwaves detected by Planck are emitted by electrons that are being accelerated by the Galaxy’s magnetic field. Loop I is most visible in the sky’s northern hemisphere. Astronomers refer to this portion as the north polar spur. It can be seen in this image as the yellow arc. This fades to purple and can be traced into the southern hemisphere, completing the circle. The blue band spanning the image horizontally is the Galactic Plane. The most popular interpretation places Loop I close to us. If this is correct, it could be related to the ‘Scorpius–Centaurus OB Association’, a region of high-mass star formation that has been active for over 10 million years. Loop I could well be a supernova remnant, a giant bubble hollowed out by the explosion of stars in the OB association. The stars responsible for Loop I have long since dispersed, so what we see is the ‘smoke’ rather than the ‘fire’ of the explosions. High-mass stars burn their nuclear fuel so quickly that they live only a few million years before exploding. As these titanic supernovas bloom, their blast waves carve bubbles in the surrounding gas. This compresses the Galaxy’s magnetic field into the bubble ‘walls’, making it stronger and more efficient at accelerating the electrons to produce the observed radiation. Loop I could well be the combined super-bubble from a number of such cataclysms. As the electrons lose energy and diffuse into the wider Galaxy, so Loop I will eventually fade and disappear. This is likely to take a few million years. If the loop is more distant, then it could conceivably be the result of an outburst from around the black hole at the centre of the Galaxy. (A version of the image showing the position of Loop I is available here . The colour represents the direction of polarisation, while the brightness of the colour measures the intensity of polarisation.) Credit: ESA and the Planck Collaboration A mysterious hermit 06-06-2016 01:24 PM CEST europeanspaceagency posted a photo: The drizzle of stars scattered across this image forms a galaxy known as UGC 4879. UGC 4879 is an irregular dwarf galaxy – as the name suggests, galaxies of this type are a little smaller and messier than their cosmic cousins, lacking the majestic swirl of a spiral or the coherence of an elliptical. This galaxy is also very isolated. There are about 2.3 million light years between UGC 4879 and its closest neighbour, Leo A, which is about the same distance as that between the Andromeda Galaxy and the Milky Way. This galaxy’s isolation means that it has not interacted with any surrounding galaxies, making it an ideal laboratory for studying star formation uncomplicated by interactions with other galaxies. Studies of UGC 4879 have revealed a significant amount of star formation in the first 4-billion-years after the Big Bang, followed by a strange nine-billion-year lull in star formation, ended 1-billion-years ago by a more recent reignition. The reason for this behaviour, however, remains mysterious, and the solitary galaxy continues to provide ample study material for astronomers looking to understand the complex mysteries of starbirth throughout the Universe. You are subscribed to Flickr for European Space Agency. Having trouble viewing this email? View it as a Web page.

Gaelic Nova Scotia: Tradition in a Modern World. An editorial for Gaelic Awareness Month by Seumas Watson The matter of Gaelic language in Nova Scotia has been a subject of discussion for its advocates for nearly two hundred years. The question most asked is: will Gaelic die? Whatever will be, the Gaelic language yet lives in Nova Scotia and the month of May has been designated to celebrate its achievements. If one examines the history of Gaelic in Nova Scotia, it is evident that much dedicated work has been done to ensure the language's future. Going back to the turn-of-the-century's Gaelic publication Mac-Talla, we read about a Gaelic environment much different from that of today's. It was during this era that Gaelic suffered the most as it began to decline in usage. The ongoing struggle for its maintenance was initiated by its faithful around that period. As so often happens, opinions change over time and understanding deepens. It is now apparent that Nova Scotia's Gaelic language has taken a substantial step in the right direction. The new world we live in today is governed by information. Accordingly the Age of Information brings with it many new opportunities for Gaelic and the Gael. Nova Scotia's Gaelic speaking regions no longer exists in isolation. Every year sees an increase in the number of tourists seeking Gaelic cultural experiences in Nova Scotia. In years gone by, Gaelic's champions bore a vision of fidelity to their forebearers’ traditions. Their contribution has been immeasurable. It is now widely understood that Gaelic culture must also include an economy to continue its progress in modern terms. Gaelic Month proclaims the efforts of the old and new. Lets praise them all and keep up the Gaelic. Seumas Watson (1949-2019) was the manager of Gaelic Interpretation and Education at The Highland Village Museum/An Clachan Gàidhealach.

Schneller Family History 14-Day Free Trial Schneller Name Meaning German: nickname for a swift runner, from an agent derivative of Middle High German snellen ‘to hurry’. The word in Middle High German also had other meanings, including ‘penis’, so there is also the possibility of an obscene nickname. Jewish (Ashkenazic): nickname for a brisk or active man, from an inflected of German schnell ‘quick’. Compare Schnell. Source: Dictionary of American Family Names ©2013, Oxford University Press Similar surnames: Scheller, Schoeller, Schnell, Schiller, Schmelzer, Schaller

North is South, Winter is Summer and widdershins is deosil. The South African experience of Paganism is topsy-turvy compared to our Northern brothers and sisters; but much like the Afrikaans saying, “ʼn boer maak ʼn plan,” Pagan South Africans make do with what they have and make it their own. Africa's Ant Riders Astride his ‘stead’ he majestically sits; chest puffed, shoulders back and head held proud. He is of the Abatwa and he would look down on you even though his ‘stead’ is an ant and his height is matched with that of a fat pea. Some would group him with the realm of faery, but the Abatwa are proud little warriors and you would caution to ever call an Abatwa small. Found in Zulu mythology, the Abatwa are humans who look just like the Zulu peoples, with one exception- they are so small they can ride ants and hide under a blade of grass. In Zulu folklore it is believed that when the nature spirit Vash’Nok cried, his tears fell to the earth; and at the moment those tears touched the ground, they erupted into the Abatwa peoples. Just like the ants they ride, the Abatwa are believed to live largely underground in tunnels that reach deep into the earth. The complex twists and turns of their subterranean homes echo prideful nature and everything from the walls to the floor is lavishly decorated with seed mosaics and paintings. But it is believed that they don’t inhabit these homes forever and that they are more nomadic in nature. The Abatwa rely on hunting for their primary food source. When they travel it is rumoured that an entire tribe can fit upon one horse, one Abatwa sitting behind another all the way from the horse’s neck to its tail. It is by this mode of transportation that they hunt, following game and killing it. And much like the ants they also ride, the entire tribe will devour every last morsel of the kill before moving on to the next hunt. However, they have been known to forage for seeds between hunts to satisfy their hunger. Being highly skilled warriors and hunters regardless of their diminutive size, they make use of tiny spears and poison-laced arrows. The Abatwa don’t restrict the use of their weapons to game only though. If one of their ant-like mounds is disturbed by naughty children or you happen to offend one, an Abatwa won’t hesitate to fire arrows on you. Thankfully the poison of their arrows is only enough to kill small game, so at worst you can expect a nasty crop of boils where you’ve been struck; but some legends say that their arrows can indeed be fatal to humans. So crossing paths with an Abatwa could mean the difference between life and a nasty prick from their arrows. While they may be peaceful and relatively shy, they are easily offended; even just looking down at them is an insult to the Abatwa and the discovered Abatwa will ask you, “From where did you first see me?” To save yourself and the situation it is best to stroke their plump egos by replying, “from that mountain far off in the distance,” or, “from miles out to sea”. Either answer will reassure the offended Abatwa that their stature is so great, it is visible from lengthy distances. But not everyone may find an Abatwa. In Zulu folklore it is said that children younger than four and magicians can see an Abatwa. That special sight is also extended to pregnant women, who were granted to know the sex of their unborn child by an Abatwa. And sometimes, on very occasions, an Abatwa may reveal themselves to human men so they can share their intimate knowledge of the land with them. The Abatwa may be brave and small and proud, but like so many mythical creatures there is an aspect of them that could be based in reality. When the Nguni peoples migrated from Central Africa to what is now the region of Kwa-Zulu Natal in South Africa to form the Zulu tribes, they encountered the indigenous San tribes. The San people are short in stature and are hunter gathers who rely on bows and arrows to catch game, sometimes lacing arrows with venoms and poisons. It could be that the fledgling Zulu tribes were reminded of a similar, short-statured tribe in Central Africa, the Batwa tribe, in the appearance of the San peoples, and as such called them ‘Abatwa’. What is not certain though is whether the legend of the ant riders was born of this, or whether it is a legend that is far older. What is sure is that the story of these little people has become a part of South African folklore and is here to stay. So next time you see an anthill, you may want to think twice about disturbing its inhabitants lest you find an Abatwa and his poison arrows. Please login first in order for you to submit comments

Infantile colic is one of the most common causes of complaints and referrals to infant clinics . Based on Wessel’s criterion, the term infantile colic is used in cases of infants who cry more than 3 h a day and more than 3 days a week with symptoms lasting over 3 weeks, if other pathological causes have been eliminated . The prevalence of this disorder in infants has been reported to be between 8 and 40% [1-3]. The exact etiology of this disorder is unknown. Some possible gastrointestinal, biological, and psychological causes have been raised in this regard. Some etiological studies considered the disorder to be linked to impaired intestinal motility and gastrointestinal spasms due to an imbalanced autonomic system . The unclear etiology and lack of an effective and safe treatment have made it difficult for physicians to deal with parents who are seeking help and guidance on infantile colic. Therapeutic interventions include eliminating bovine milk from the diet, the use of oral herbal extracts, use of intestinal contractions and anticholinergic drugs as well as behavioral interventions such as cradle song and shaking the infant [1-5]. However, these interventions are often not very effective or cause side effects in some infants. Therefore, a lot of physicians and parents are still unable to control the disorder in spite of most therapeutic interventions . Topical treatment of gastrointestinal disorders using medicinal plants is a therapeutic approach emphasized in Iranian traditional medicine [7-8]. Medical History and Examination according to Modern Medicine A two-month old male infant with severe colicky abdominal pains for 5 weeks was referred to the pediatric clinic, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. The infant's parents complained of the baby's continuous and intense cries. Colic-driven cries of the infant had begun 21 days after birth and increased gradually to 5 h a day and his parents found it difficult to control the disorder. Following a normal and uncomplicated parturition the infant was born with a birth weight of 3.260 kg. The infant was exclusively breastfed and was normal in examinations of growth and physical development. The infant weighed 4.950 kg upon normal physical examinations and initial tests at the time of referral. Therapeutic interventions had already been used for the infant. The mother was advised to place restrictions on dairy consumption and flatulent substances. Also, a variety of anticholinergic drugs had been administered for 3 weeks to the infant. Despite all the interventions, there was no significant improvement in the infant’s crying and the parents were not satisfied with the treatment process. Medical History and Examinations according to Iranian Traditional Medicine The subject was a two-month old male infant with white skin and short brownish-black hair. The abdomen was slightly swollen and cold to the touch. The stool was 2 to 3 times a day with brownish and sometimes greenish appearance associated with gas excretion. The temperament of the digestive tract was inclined towards coolness and wetness, though, the overall body temperament seemed hotter. Other examinations of the infant were normal. The infant’s mother complained of stomach acid reflux and severe bloating, and was overweight (8 kg) compared to pre-pregnancy (BMI = 28). Measures to Protect Health and Nutrition: The mother was advised to avoid cold, watery, and flatulent foods. Eating measures were also trained to the mother. Parents were advised to rub chamomile oil topically on the infant’s entire abdomen twice a day in addition to previous treatments. Chamomile oil was prepared from the flowers of Matricaria chamomilla plant on the basis of sesame oil based on Iranian traditional medicine books. In order to exclude skin allergy, it was recommended that a small amount of the ointment be applied on the infant's arm and if the skin was not sensitive, to use more widely on the abdomen. The mother was trained to rub chamomile oil rotationally over the entire abdomen after breastfeeding three times a day. There was a reduction in the infant’s crying time by about 30 min at the end of the first day of intervention compared to the pre-treatment day. The decreasing trend in crying time continued into the next few days so that the infant’saverage crying time was 2 h shorter (3 h within 24 h) than the pre-treatment day at the end of the seventh day of treatment. There was also a decrease in the frequency of infant’s crying. In addition, the topical application of chamomile oil could increase the infant’s sleep duration to 58 min in 24 h. It is noteworthy that the parents were highly satisfied with the treatment procedure of the infants. The present report indicates that the topical use of chamomile oil on the abdomen of an infant with symptoms of crying, irritability, and insomnia caused by infantile colic reduced crying time during the day in the subject examined, followed by a daily increase in the duration of the infant’s sleep. Infantile colic is a common problem in infants, for which a definite cure is still unidentified due to its unknown etiology . The oral use of synthetic drugs in infancy can be associated with many side effects; however, chamomile oil accounts for a safe and low-cost gastrointestinal drug. One of the most important therapeutic consequences of chamomile oil is its beneficial effect on the digestive system. Chamomile has long been used extensively for gastrointestinal disorders throughout the world. Spasm or colic, bloating, and gastrointestinal tract inflammation are some of the disorders cured traditionally with the use of chamomile . Chamomile flowers contain two categories of hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds. Lipophilic compounds such as chimazolin, matrixin, bisabavalol and its oxides show outstanding anti-inflammatory effects. Hydrophilic compounds such as flavonoids (epinephrine zhenin) and coumarins have potent spasmolytic effects which can be generally used as anti-inflammatory agents, antispasmodics in muscle cramps, carminatives, and sedatives as treatments for infantile colic [10-11]. Since the inhibition of Camp and cGMP phosphodiesterase is a known mechanism of the spasmolytic effect of drugs, chamomile extract has an inhibitory impact on cAMP phosphodiesterase activity and also a therapeutic effect on digestive tract spasm. Chamomile is also prescribed for colicky pains in infants, menstrual pains, and uterus crampsdue to its antispasmodic properties [12-13]. Several studies have demonstrated the effect of oral chamomile on infantile colic. In this regard, Savino et al. (2005) evaluated the impacts of chamomile, fennel extract, and lemon balm on the reduction of crying time in infants and also in the treatment of colic in breastfed infants. They found that crying time in infants decreased to 85.4 and 48.9% in the intervention and control groups, respectively . Weisman et al. also examined the effects of a herbal tea containing chamomile, fennel, and licorice on infantile colic and showed a significant difference between the intervention and control groups in the number of infants waking up after colic attacks with a reduction of colic symptoms in 57% of infants in the intervention group resulting from the tea use . The present study investigated the topical use of chamomile oil to treat colic based on the principles of Iranian Traditional Medicine. Topical use and effective transfer of drugs through cutaneous penetration into the gastrointestinal tract is one of the methods emphasized for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in Iranian traditional medicine. From the viewpoint of traditional medicine scholars, the influence of the topical use of drugs on the digestive system is faster and less complicated compared to oral medication in some disorders . Chamomile is one of the herbs that affects the digestive system (from the perspective of Iranian Traditional Medicine) and can be effective in the control of colic by exerting its heating, lysis, and carminative properties . Recent studies also indicate that flavonoids are well absorbed through the skin and that apigenin as the most important therapeutic metabolite of chamomile has the highest rate of cutaneous absorption. Other flavonoids in chamomile such as quercetin, patuletin, and luteolin can also be absorbed through the skin to reflect their therapeutic properties . When used topically, polysaccharides display anti-inflammatory properties, which form the basis of chamomile use in wound healing . Some studies have noted the permeability of plant metabolites as well . In this regard, Cetinkaya et al. studied 40 infants of ages 2-6 weeks to evaluate the effectiveness of massage therapy using lavender oil in the treatment of infantile colic. They showed that topical massage with lavender oil has positive therapeutic effects on infantile colic . The above evidence suggests that there is potential in the use of topical drugs to treat gastrointestinal disorders. Topical application of chamomile oil to ameliorate and reduce infantile colic symptoms seems to be a proper, effective, available, and low-cost approach that is simple and easy to use for the relief and betterment of the disorder, and can easily be used on the infant’s abdomen by the mother. Another noteworthy point is that this method has no side effects in the high-risk group, that is newborns and infants as it is well tolerated. In addition to the above, other therapeutic effects such as reducing bloating and abdominal distension, preventing constipation and bowel obstruction, reducing restlessness as well as increasing the duration and quality of sleep in infants are expected owing to the systemic absorption of topical chamomile oil. Nonetheless, more comprehensive studies are needed to further confirm these results. List of Abbreviations BMI: Body Mass Index The authors have no conflict of interest in the publication of this article. This paper presents therapeutic approach of Dr. Hassan Salehipoor, Dr. Fereshteh Ghorat and Dr Behzad Afzali. They cooperated in maim draft of article. The final edition of the article was done by Dr Ghorat. This study is a part of the doctoral thesis of Dr. Behzad Afzali, funded by the Vice chancellor of Research at Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences.

Exploring the Solar System, the Galaxies, and the Universe with the Hubble Space Telescope This activity has benefited from input from a review and suggestion process as a part of an activity development workshop. This activity has benefited from input from faculty educators beyond the author through a review and suggestion process as a part of an activity development workshop. Workshop participants were provided with a set of criteria against which they evaluated each others' activities. For information about the criteria used for this review, see http://serc.carleton.edu/teacherprep/workshops/workshop07/activityreview.html. This page first made public: May 2, 2007 This is an online pre-lab exercise designed to familiarize students the resources for studying our universe that are available on the Hubble Telescope Web site, located at: http://hubblesite.org. This is a pre-lab online activity that students complete prior to laboratory sessions concerning the Solar System and the Universe. The students navigate through the web site, learning how to access teaching materials including videos, games, images, "news articles", and historical articles. Students read and analyze articles and videos, and answer questions designed to prepare them for laboratory activities. During lab students will develop a classroom activity for a K-6 classroom, based on the Hubble site. Learn more about the course for which this activity was developed. - Visualize Star Formation, planet formation, galaxy collisions - Understand different approaches to determining the age of the Universe, and why there is controversy over its age - Understand the Hubble telescope instrumentaion and how it observes the Universe - Access diverse online teaching resources concerning the Universe and our solar system - Prepare to develop grade-level appropriate activities tied to Georgia Performance Standards, using the Hubble site Context for Use Teaching Notes and Tips This is an exercise that requires students to go online and access a single website, navigate through the website following simple instructions, and answer content questions based on reading and on viewing videos contained on the site.Assignment handout and assignment handout with answers (Microsoft Word 65kB Jun13 07) Controlled Vocabulary Terms Resource Type: Activities:Lab Activity Grade Level: College Lower (13-14):Introductory Level Ready for Use: Ready to Use

This article originally stated that the Taíno were extinct, which is incorrect. Nature apologizes for the offence caused, and has corrected the text to better explain the research project described. This is, of course, nonsense. How timorous has the modern scientific culture become, that it is willing to acquiesce so easily, lest one be perceived as not having sufficient "sensitivity" in matters ethnic? When we say that the Taíno are extinct, we are, in fact claiming that a population group is extinct. We do not say that pieces of DNA are extinct, or that words in a language are extinct. There are pieces of Taíno DNA in modern Puerto Ricans, and there are Taíno words in the Spanish spoken there. But the Taíno group is extinct. For example, you will not found any aurochsen (Bos primigenius) in Europe today, even though they did pass on some of their genes to modern European cattle. The aurochsen are extinct, even though some of their genes persist. You can say that modern European cattle are just Bos taurus influenced by Bos primigenius in Europe, but you can't say that B. primigenius is in existence today. Similarly, there are Etruscan words and genes floating around in Europe today, but there are no longer any Etruscans. The Etruscans are extinct. There were, there are not => they are extinct. A group is defined by a set of common genetic (and, in some animals, cultural) features. The survival of a few of these features is not the same as the survival of the group. The fact that some modern humans have preserved bits of Neandertal immunogenetics does not reverse the fact of Neandertal extinction, because Neandertals were not reducible to bits of their immune systems. It is well-known that Egyptian pyramids have been used for building materials since the demise of ancient Egyptian civilization. If the building blocks of the pyramids had all found themselves in Cairo buildings, we would be justified in saying that "the pyramids are gone", because the arrangement of parts called "pyramids" was no longer in existence, even though their parts remain. It is somewhat ironic that the same crowd of "ethnically sensitive" people can simultaneously propose that differences between races and ethnic groups have no biological basis, and, at the same time, affirm the non-extinction of an ethnic group precisely on account of its having preserved a few bits of distinctive DNA. Let us suppose, for the sake of argument, that five hundred years into the future, there is a United Europe, with English as its common language. Further suppose, that in a province of that United Europe, say Finland, the population's gene pool is composed of 10% current Finnish DNA and 90% other European/non-European DNA. Would we be justified in saying that the Finns were extinct? Bits of our DNA have reached us from the remotest depths of time, joined, more recently, by bits of our culture. They aggregate, for a time, into distinctive biocultural packages, such as the Taíno, they are transformed, and then they are dissolved: some dying out, some latching onto new units. The Taíno are extinct, but parts of them remain.

6to4 allows IPv6 Packets to be transmitted over IPv4. It's used to connect two IPv6 'islands' - not enable IPv4 to talk to IPv6 or vice versa. IPv6 address 2002:AABB:CCDD:: becomes IPv4 address AA.BB.CC.DD and you slap a IPv4 packet header onto the IPv6 header, and forward that sucker off through the IPv4 network. If I send a packet from one IPv6 Island in the 2002:AABB:CCDD:: space to another, my local 6to4 border router will recieve it, wrap it in IPv4 to AA.BB.CC.DD and forward it there. AA.BB.CC.DD is another 6to4 border router on an island who unwraps the IPv4 and sends it to the IPv6 address. If I send a packet from an IPv6 Island in 2002:AABB:CCDD:: to a native IPv6 address like 2054::45, it will go to my border router who wraps it in IPv4 to 220.127.116.11 - the IPv4 anycast 6to4 Relay Router address. The nearest relay router (which could be run by anyone) will get it and unwrap it and forward it to the IPv6 address specified. To reply, 2054::45 will reply to my 2002:: address, which will be routed to the nearest relay router (who advertises it handles 2002::/16). The relay router will then wrap it in IPv4 to the AA.BB.CC.DD address where it goes to my border router, is unwrapped and sent to me. I think I understand that right. It's 6rd I'm having problems with. Sending a packet from my IPv6 Island to another 6rd island is the same as sending to a native IPv6 address - right? Because the ISP's 6rd router is in its assigned IPv6 address space, the IPv6 routers don't know it's a 6rd island. If the 6rd island I'm trying to contact isn't connected to the broader IPv6 Internet - there's no way to reach it, right? It would need to go over IPv4, but my 6rd border router doesn't know how to turn an arbitrary IPv6 address into an IPv4 address... does it? And on the reverse trip, there's no 6rd relay router in the IPv6 internet to translate an IPv6 packet to what looks like a normal IPv6 address into IPv4 and send it to the right location. Inside a single ISP: 6rd island - [6rd Border Router] - IPv4 ISP Internet - [6rd Border Router] - 6rd Island This works fine, because the ISP controls the routes and can add routes to the 6rd Routers saying "If you're trying to reach 2054::something, send it over IPv4 to a.b.c.d. But I don't understand how 6rd routes over the broader IPv4 or IPv6 Internet.

In September 1862, Union troops were soundly defeated by Confederate forces led by Stonewall Jackson and Robert E. Lee at Manassas Junction, Virginia. The North called it the Second Battle of Bull Run. President Abraham Lincoln’s somber mood afterward was recorded in a diary entry by Attorney General Edward Bates, who wrote that Lincoln “seemed wrung by the bitterest anguish—said he felt almost ready to hang himself.” Soon afterward Lincoln wrote out a private musing on a small piece of lined paper. He sought to discern the will of God among the cacophony of voices all around him after news of one of the most discouraging defeats of the war. Ronald C. White Jr.'s most recent book is The Eloquent President: A Portrait of Lincoln Through His Words (Random House). He teaches American intellectual and religious history at San Francisco Theological Seminary.

Conservation groups achieve a significant milestone, taking Utah to court over its failure to protect the vital Great Salt Lake ecosystem. Conservation groups are taking legal action against the state of Utah, accusing it of neglecting the ecological well-being of the iconic Great Salt Lake. This landmark lawsuit aims to compel state leaders to take decisive steps towards the lake's preservation, amid warnings of impending ecological disaster. The Great Salt Lake, a cornerstone of the western U.S. landscape, is renowned as the largest saltwater lake in the Western Hemisphere and the eighth-largest terminal lake globally. It plays a pivotal role in supporting diverse wildlife, particularly migratory birds, and bolsters Utah's economy with its contribution of billions of dollars. However, this crucial ecosystem is under severe threat. Sources reveal that upstream water diversions are severely depleting the lake's water levels, pushing it towards a point of no return. This decline not only spells disaster for the lake's ecological balance but also poses significant risks to public health across the region. The legal challenge, filed in 3rd District Court, leverages the public trust doctrine, accusing the Utah Department of Natural Resources (DNR) of failing in its duty to safeguard this vital saline ecosystem. The consequences of the lake's depletion are far-reaching, with exposed sediments potentially releasing harmful particulates and toxins, such as arsenic and mercury, into nearby communities. Dr. Brian Moench, President of Utah Physicians for a Healthy Environment, warned of a looming public health crisis reminiscent of similar disasters in other regions where saline lakes have dried up. “Utah’s leaders are prioritizing these water diversions over protecting their own people, so the courts must intervene,” Moench stressed. The lawsuit, backed by Earthjustice, a non-profit environmental law organization, seeks a court order for Utah's leaders to implement effective solutions to ensure the lake receives sufficient water for its survival and the well-being of the dependent communities and wildlife. Highlighting the critical state of the lake, Stu Gillespie, Senior Attorney for Earthjustice’s Rocky Mountain office, pointed out the state's legal obligation to protect this resource. “The Great Salt Lake belongs to the people of Utah," Gillespie said, emphasizing the state's failure to respond adequately to the crisis. The lawsuit gains further weight from voices like Deeda Seed, a Utah Campaigner at the Center for Biological Diversity, who underscored the lake's importance to northern Utah's population and its unique biodiversity. Similarly, Michael J. Parr, President of the American Bird Conservancy, stressed the global significance of the lake for various bird species, advocating for water management decisions that prioritize ecological and economic needs. As the case unfolds, the National Audubon Society has highlighted several bird species, like the Wilson’s Phalarope and the Eared Grebe, that face dire consequences if the lake continues to decline. This lawsuit emerges against a backdrop of growing public concern, with recent polling indicating that drought and the deteriorating state of the Great Salt Lake are among the top environmental worries for Utah residents. In conclusion, the lawsuit represents a critical juncture for the Great Salt Lake, a symbol of Utah's natural heritage. It calls for immediate and substantial action to avert an ecological catastrophe that would have far-reaching consequences for the region's environment, economy, and public health. More inspiring green news similar to this:

The earth is warming rapidly. Currently, temperatures around 45o Celsius have been registered at the polar circle, though the average temperature in this region, at this time, is usually around 18o Celsius. Extreme weather events have become more frequent in both India and Canada, with devastating impacts on humans and the economy. With more than 70% of all Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, the fossil-fuel burning, energy sector is one of the main drivers of climate change. Therefore, increasing the future use of green energy will be crucial to achieve global climate goals and to prevent a catastrophic climate change. Though the main contributions to climate change can be clearly allocated to industrialized Western European and North-American countries, emerging economies, such as India, will need significant international investment in climate action in order to transition toward a future that is low-carbon and climate-resilient (LCR). As an emerging economy, India can attract greater foreign direct investment (FDI) through green bonds, a climate finance debt instrument that addresses environmental and climate-related challenges. Not only are green bond issuances linearly increasing over the years, but they also seem to be driven by institutional pressure, provided in part by the Securities and Exchange Board of India’s (SEBI’s) regulation, as well as by the informal advocacy efforts of market stakeholders. Green bonds are a type of fixed-income instrument that raise funds for climate and environmental projects. These bonds are typically asset-linked and backed by the issuing entity’s balance sheet. Mostly, they have the same credit rating as their issuers’ other debt obligations. Global green bonds issuances were more than $ 250 billion in 2019, which is greater than the official development aid that flowed across borders. By the end of 2019, India had cumulatively issued about $10.3 billion in green bonds, whereas Canada had issued around $ 11.5 billion . Given the similar progress in the green bond markets by these two countries, our recommendations present some learnings for how market actors can tap into the cross-country potential of this market, and meet economic and political goals. These recommendations are also applicable for other countries trying to use their institutional norms to grow green finance. Based on our research on green bonds, globally and in India, we firstly conclude that the institutional transition supporting green bonds is driven by high-priority social actors. Social actors can play a key role in whether or not institutional pressure impacts the growth and potential of this market. For any institutional regime shifts, it is important to have them on board with the transition and help drive it to an extent. In the green bond market, social actors can range from formal institutions such as financial regulators and institutional investors to informal advocacy from industry groups such as the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) or the Climate Bonds Initiative (CBI). A high priority social actor in this market is one that holds a high degree of legitimacy and financial power and spans various institutional settings. In India, these actors can be in the form of international investors which are looking to invest directly and fulfill green investment mandates, as well as important financial regulators such as the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and SEBI, which are responsible for oversight and rule-setting in this market. However, the impact of these high-priority social actors, especially in terms of institutional change, is contingent on the level of global investor confidence and public perception of this market. In other countries, such as China, several financial regulators play a strong role in the green bonds market. In China, certain institutional aspects such as lack of consistency of green bond definitions across regulators or their acceptance by international investors, can affect the perception of the green bond market. Therefore, it is integral that formal and informal rules for the green bond market be set by high priority social actors (including regulators and investors) that have a higher level of institutional legitimacy and broader reach. For instance, Indian regulators such as SEBI and RBI, can not only ensure widespread participation in decision-making from domestic investors and issuers in India, but also tap into the technical expertise that is available at the international level from advocacy groups such as the CBI or FICCI. Secondly, collaboration among these high priority social actors also tends to lead to better outcomes. Our findings indicate that cooperation among various regulators can lead to improved harmonization across policies, which has a positive impact on this market. A lack of collaboration can adversely impact the effectiveness of a policy or legitimacy of this market. Although currently there are interdepartmental committees in India set up by regulators on green finance, new regulators such as the Pensions Fund Regulatory and Development Authority, and the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India, may issue regulations relating to this market at some point. Given that these regulators also have public mandates, the central government should take on the role of policy coordinator and ensure that global institutional investors perceive India’s green bond market to be ready for investment. Thirdly, the reduction of high priority social actors’ perceived risk can contribute to institutional strength. To reduce regulatory risk, it is important that high-priority social actors such as institutional investors and green bond issuers are kept informed on regulatory changes. Therefore, having a public forum or platform can be an important tool for better communication among various social actors. Although there are some communication initiatives, such as the Indian Green Bond Council, it is important that regulators be easily accessible to primary market players. Green bond issuances in India provide opportunities for Canada and its major institutional investors to increase green FDI and mitigate the climate risks of their investments in India. It offers a unique opportunity because Indian green bonds are issued in foreign currencies such as the U.S. dollar as well as the Indian rupee; this allows foreign investors to fulfill their diversification quotas as well as meet stakeholder demands on green investments. In contrast, China’s green bond market mostly caters to domestic investors and has previously been a limitation for investors looking to avoid controversial projects such as clean coal. Given the large number of institutional investors such as pension funds based in Canada, that want to fulfill their fiduciary duties of long-term fast-growing financial returns, we suggest that investing in an emerging market such as India’s green bonds market can be a way forward. Capital from these investors can drive domestic green projects in India which in turn offer business opportunities for Canadian clean technology companies to export their products, services or expertise to India. In particular, sectors such as renewable energy and low-carbon transport such as rail can be transformative for both Indian and Canadian companies. They can comply with the Indian government’s mandate of providing clean electricity and low-carbon connectivity, and fill the current financing-gap for such projects due to the asset-liability mismatch in India’s financial sector. Olaf Weber is Senior Fellow, Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI), Canada & University of Waterloo Research Chair in Sustainable Finance, Professor & Associate Director of Graduate Studies. Vasundhara Saravade is Research Assistant, University of Waterloo. This article was exclusively written for Gateway House: Indian Council on Global Relations. You can read more exclusive content here. For interview requests with the author, or for permission to republish, please contact email@example.com. © Copyright 2020 Gateway House: Indian Council on Global Relations. All rights reserved. Any unauthorized copying or reproduction is strictly prohibited.

Are you concerned about the effects gambling may be having on the families and children you work with? A recent study showed 3 in 4 children aged 11 to 15 years had seen television adverts for gambling, and that just over 1 in 6 had gambled in the previous week. We also know that 1 in 5 individuals with gambling disorders attempt suicide, twice the rate of other forms of addictive behaviour. Gambling can have devastating effects on families and education is key to prevention. So we are delighted that on Thursday 15th October at 10:00am our friends at Fast Forward are joining us to provide an information session specifically designed for professionals supporting families on Young People and Gambling Harms. This interactive session will give you a chance to: - Explore and increase your awareness of current issues surrounding gambling and young people and the effects on families with a focus on health, education, prevention and support. - Identify the impact on children if their parents/carers are experiencing issues with gambling - Broaden your understanding of what a gambling disorder is and its relationship with other risk-taking behaviours - Learn more about the links between online gaming and gambling - Receive information on Covid- 19 in relation to gambling - Signpost you to resources available (such as the Fast Forward Gambling Education Toolkit) and where to find additional support and specialised services To let us know that your coming and get a link to the Zoom Meeting PLEASE FOLLOW THIS LINK Please register to attend Google map and directions

At the turn of the 20th century, the Republican Party was on the brink of an internal civil war. Following a devastating financial crisis, a new breed of politicians came to Washington—they vowed to overthrow the party leaders and purge Wall Street’s corrupting influence from Washington. While their opponents called them “radicals,” and “fanatics,” they called themselves Progressives. As their crusade gathered momentum, the country polarized, and the middle ground melted away. Michael Wolraich tells the story and looks at the role of President Theodore Roosevelt in finding compromise. His book Unreasonable Men: Theodore Roosevelt and the Republican Rebels Who Created Progressive Politics takes us into the heart of the power struggle that created the progressive movement, and defined modern American politics.

Dr Eric Robinson from the Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, researches cognitive and social influences on health-related behaviours such as eating and drinking: “The lifestyle choices we make can have big repercussions on how we feel on a day to day basis, as well as on our longer term health. With coursework assignments looming and end of semester exams to prepare for, knowing what things we can do to look after ourselves is important. “Making sure you exercise or are active on a daily basis, keep regular sleep patterns and avoid drinking alcohol on more days in the week than not are good places to start. But at the same time, there are lots of health myths with little scientific evidence supporting them too: Myth 1: A glass of wine a night… “Dependent on what you have heard, you might be led to believe that alcohol is good for you because it is full of antioxidants and life-saving compounds. If you are thinking about working in a nightly beer or glass of wine for good health, then think again. Although newspaper headlines and articles can be persuasive, most experts advise against this and so does UK alcohol charity Drink Aware. Myth 2: Energy drinks can get me through an all-nighter “Although energy drinks can give you a temporary energy boost, this will only be a short-lived energy kick and it will not combat fatigue. The high caffeine levels can also make you agitated and raise blood pressure. Plus, there is recent research that suggests these kind of drinks may have a negative long term effect on heart functioning. If you are low on energy then try a banana. Myth 3: Detox time Thinking of going on a fashionable detox diet to cut out specific food groups and cleanse your inner self? There is next to no evidence that detox diets are beneficial and the British Dietetic Association take this stance too. These kinds of diets can also be detrimental if important nutrients go missing from your diet as a result. “ The Institute of Psychology, Health and Society is currently running a campus-wide study to track student lifestyle choices, as well as eating and drinking habits. Researchers are currently looking for student participants to take part in the online study which takes around 10 minutes to complete. For further information and to take part, please visit: www.Tinyurl.com/liverpoolcohortstudy As a thank you for taking part student participants will be entered into a £300 prize draw.

What is a car loan? A car loan is a loan taken out for the purpose of buying a motor vehicle such as a Ute, car, 4WD, motorbike or other road vehicles. A car loan can also be known as a vehicle loan. If you don’t have enough in savings to afford to buy a car but you can afford to repay a loan in monthly installments, you might consider taking out a car loan to finance your new wheels. There are two main types of car loans: - New car loans - Used car loans How do car loans work? Car loans may be offered by financial institutions as a standalone car loan, or personal loan, or via the redraw facility or line of credit on a home loan. You can also get a car loan from peer-to-peer (P2P) lenders and car dealers. Where you choose to go could have a big effect on the interest rate you pay on your car loan. When you enter a contract for a car loan it will typically be for a period of one to five years. This is the amount of time over which you agree to repay the loan, generally by monthly installments. In addition to the amount you borrow, interest will also be charged on the balance owing. You can try our car loan calculator to see approximately how much your car might cost you over the term of your loan.

Date: November 17, 2005 Creator: Hanrahan, Charles E. Description: In May 2003, the United States, Canada, and Argentina initiated a formal challenge before the World Trade Organization (WTO) of the European Union’s (EU’s) de facto moratorium on approving new agricultural biotechnology products, in place since 1998. Although the EU effectively lifted the moratorium in May 2004 by approving a genetically engineered (GE) corn variety, the three countries are pursuing the case, in part because a number of EU member states continue to block approved biotech products. Because of delays, the WTO is expected to decide the case by December 2005. The moratorium reportedly cost U.S. corn growers some $300 million in exports to the EU annually. The EU moratorium, U.S. officials contend, threatened other agricultural exports not only to the EU, but also to other parts of the world where the EU approach to regulating agricultural biotechnology is taking hold. Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

Lesson 1 (from Chapters 1-10) Angelfall is a young adult fantasy novel by Susan Ee that revolves around a post-apocalyptic California and the attempts of seventeen year-old Penryn Young to rescue her kidnapped sister. The novel explores themes of good versus evil, family, and heroism. In this lesson, students will research the novel’s author and will identify and analyze the genre, tone, and narrative point of view established in Chapter 1. Research Activity: Conduct research on author Susan Ee, the publication of Angelfall, and the literary genre to which the book belongs. How many novels has the author written? Angelfall is the first book of what young adult series? How has the novel been received critically? Group Assignment: Assign students to groups of 3-4 each. As a group, read Chapter 1 and identify the tone and narrative point of view established in the reading. Develop your conclusions into a presentation that... This section contains 9,669 words (approx. 33 pages at 300 words per page)

Biogas is generated when bacteria degrade biological material in the absence of oxygen, in a process known as anaerobic digestion. Since biogas is a mixture of methane (also known as marsh gas or natural gas, CH4) and carbon dioxide it is a renewable fuel produced from waste treatment. Anaerobic digestion is basically a simple process carried out in a number of steps that can use almost any organic material as a substrate – it occurs in digestive systems, marshes, rubbish dumps, septic tanks and the Arctic Tundra. Humans tend to make the process as complicated as possible by trying to improve on nature in complex machines but a simple approach is still possible, as I hope you see in this website. Conventional anaerobic digestion has been a “liquid” process, where waste is mixed with water to facilitate digestion, but a “solid” process is also possible, as occurs in landfil sites. As methane is very hard to compress I see its best use as for stationary fuel, rather than mobile fuel. It takes a lot of energy to compress the gas (this energy is usually just wasted), plus you have the hazard of high pressure. A variable volume storage (flexible bag or floating drum are the two main variants) is much easier and cheaper to arrange than high pressure cylinders, regulators and compressors. I think biogas is best used directly for cooking/heating, light (pdf) or even absorption refrigeration rather than the complication and energy waste of trying to make electricity from biogas. You can also run pumps and equipment off a gas powered engine rather than using electricity. There are many advantages of biogas over wood as a cooking fuel:- * Less labour than tree felling * Trees can be retained * Biogas is a quick, easily controlled fuel * No smoke or smell (unless there is a leak – then you need to know anyway!) so reduced eye/respiratory irritation * Clean pots * Sludge is a better fertiliser than manure or synthetic fertilisers (and is cheaper then manufactured products) * Reduced pathogen transmission compared to untreated waste

|« Back to Article| Teens are learning to win in the Game of Real Life By Loren Steffy | August 3, 2008 Photo By JAMES NIELSEN/CHRONICLEHigh school students play the Game of Real Life at the Junior Achievement building last week. About 300 incoming sophomores spent three weeks in a financial education course before playing the game, in which they progress through the first few years of an imaginary post-high-school life. Junior Alvarenga was making $25,000 a year when he got to work Monday morning. By 4 p.m., he was pulling down $110,000. It helped that he got a master's degree in business administration along the way. Alvarenga was one of about 300 incoming high school sophomores who spent the past three weeks in intensive financial education. They gathered at the Junior Achievement building Monday to test their skills in the Game of Real Life, in which teams of students progress through the first few years of an imaginary post-high school life. The kids, all of whom come from low-income families, were recommended by participating high schools — KIPP Houston High School, Yes Preparatory Southeast and Southwest high schools, Spring Branch's Spring Woods High School and Aldine's Victory Early College/Carver High School. The classes teach the basics of money and saving, then progress through setting goals, living within means, and planning for the future. In other words, students learn to build their own road out of poverty. "In our society, you're either a giver or a taker. I think we want people who are contributors," said Lorraine Decker, the co-founder of Skills for Living, a Houston nonprofit that provides financial education and mentoring to low-income families. (Full disclosure: In the past, Skills for Living has auctioned a lunch with me as part of a fundraiser for its adult program.) This is the second year it's offered a program exclusively for teens. Last year's class had about 60 kids. More are planned for the fall and spring, with larger groups. Students begin the program by writing an essay detailing what they think their life will be like in their mid-20s. Then they research the cost of that lifestyle. If they envision a large home, they look up the prices using tax records, calculate mortgage and insurance payments, and determine the maximum amount they can spend each month for housing. They use the government's average salary data to see if their chosen career will cover their expenses. If not, they have to pare back their lifestyle or choose a different line of work. "We learn to make better decisions," Levi de Leon, another student in the program, told me during a break in Monday's game. They also learn about federal payroll taxes, the cost of health insurance, the importance of saving for retirement, and how better grades improve chances of scholarships. Lariza Contreras said she's come to appreciate the difficulty of paying bills while attending college. Classmate Leyba Valdez said she now realizes that a college degree means more financial security. Real gift is knowledgeSo how do Decker and Skills for Living get high schoolers to agree to take a voluntary finance class during the summer? Free laptops. Halliburton donated about 400 used laptops to the program this year, and students who complete the course get to keep them. They quickly learn, though, that the real gift is knowledge — the understanding that they can change their own lives. The classwork culminates with students interviewing for jobs in the game among the 18 volunteer companies that serve as imaginary employers. Each company "hires" about a dozen students for their team, after interviewing about three times that many. Be late, get firedThe game started early Monday with students on each team reporting for work at one of the company's "offices." Several who were late got fired and had to find another job. Not all the lessons are easy ones. The students start the game at the imaginary age of 19, having just graduated from high school. They age a year every 45 minutes, ending the day at age 26. Some immediately enter the work force, others go to college and wind up with higher salaries. Some, such as Alvarenga, go to graduate school and increase their earnings even more. Along the way, they decide whether to buy houses, get married and make other decisions, all using the financial planning skills they've learned. When the game ends, the teams with the highest aggregate net worth and highest net income wins. For some, there's a bonus: internships with the volunteer companies. Xerox, for example, selected two students to intern with the company next year and will give each a scholarship totaling $2,000 to buy their textbooks for four years of college. All the participants win, though, because they learn that their choices matter. "I know that something great will come in their lives — or maybe something terrible won't," Decker said. The game isn't a game, of course. It's a battle for the future, won one mind at a time.

If the statements that William M. Gray included in his Soapbox on April 4 (“Coloradoan global warming coverage is one-sided,”) and his statement, “There has been no global warming during the past 15 years…,” are to be taken as fact without context for the rest of the temperature record, he would be well to remember another elder gentleman and scientist who, at 72, is retiring as head of NASA’s Goddard Institute of Space Studies to work even more actively on climate-change issues: James Hansen. Hansen put climate change on the map with his congressional testimony in 1988, 25 years ago. Since that time, not a single month’s temperatures have fallen below the 20th-century average for that month. Half the world’s population is now too young to have lived through the last colder-than-average month, February 1985. In worldwide temperature records going back to 1880, the 19 hottest years have all occurred since Hansen’s testimony. Colleen Cope, Fort Collins

Causes of the French Revolution DBQ Essay Causes of the French Revolution DBQ The late 1700’s were a period of great social and political revolution in Western civilization. The French Revolution was a major part of this sweeping change in the way Europeans (and the newborn Americans) perceived the function of government and the most effective ways of governing. The French Revolution had many long term and short term causes and effects, and was one of the most violent periods in the history of the country. There were many factors that contributed to the spark of the revolution. There were three main causes of the French Revolution: gross mishandling of governing duties and incompetence in the leadership of King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, the large and very unjust social and economic gap between the first two privileged estates and the poor third estate, and finally the revolutionary ideas of the enlightenment and their influence on the philosophies of the people. Louis XVI was one of the most incompetent and frankly idiotic rulers in the history of France. He would have absolutely nothing to do with his official duties as king, and his horribly decadent lifestyle contributed greatly to the economic plight France was in. The fact that he was married to Marie Antoinette, a native of Austria, France’s sworn enemy, was very detrimental as well. Louis XVI inherited debt from previous rulers, but he made no move of any kind toward paying it off. In fact, he borrowed vast sums of money in order to give aid to the Americans in their revolution, which only worsened France’s already outstanding deficit. In 1786, bankers refused to lend the government any more money, and Louis XVI was in serious trouble. Of course, all of this put Louis in a highly unfavorable position with the people of France, who absolutely despised him and his wife. Marie Antoinette was a major problem for Louis as well. She gave him poor advice on governing matters, spent large amounts of money on her own vanity, and was generally hated by the people the moment she set foot in France. Louis was a serial procrastinator. He put off dealing with economic troubles until it was essentially too late, and the people were completely fed up. He was finally forced to resort to taxing the nobility, which spelled the end of Louis’s reign, as the Estates-General that he called-the first in 175 years-to deal with the problem was the first step of the revolution. It is also ironic that the American Revolution (which Louis supported) was a major factor to the downfall of the monarchy, as suggested by Lord Acton, “…The American example caused the (French) Revolution to break out…”(doc. 5). All throughout human history, the wealthy have always been the minority. They have been completely deaf to the voices of the majority of people, who tend to be very poor. France in the late 1700’s was no exception. The social hierarchy of the country was divided into three classes, or estates. The first estate was made up of the clergy, and was the smallest and wealthiest class, consisting of only 1% of France’s population. The second estate was made up of nobles, and consisted of about 2% of France’s population. These two estates combined, making up only 3% of the population of France, owned nearly half of the land in France (doc. 2)! The third estate was made up of the middle class(or the bourgeoisie), peasants, and city workers and was the overwhelming majority of the people. They only owned about half of the land, however, and had almost no say in government whatsoever. Of course, the burden of taxes was placed squarely on the shoulders of the third estate, while the first and second estates paid essentially nothing. The outrageous amount of taxes like the taille, or a tax on the land and its produce, caused many people in the third estate to live with almost nothing and in filthy conditions, as observed by Arthur Young who traveled through France from 1787 to 1789, “The poor people seem very poor indeed. The children are terribly ragged….The lack of bread is terrible…The price of bread has risen above the people’s ability to pay. This causes great misery,”(doc. 3). It would not be long before the people had had enough and great change was demanded. The Enlightenment was the third major factor in the French Revolution. Before the ideas of the philosophes became widespread, the monarchy and old ways of thinking were not questioned. It was just tradition and people knew not to question tradition. Then thinkers like Voltaire, Rousseau, and Locke came along and changed everything. John Locke was probably the most important and influential philosophe. His idea about natural rights (life, liberty, and property) being totally unalienable stirred the French people. They realized that they deserved much better than their positions in life. Of course, the bourgeoisie were the first to accept these revolutionary ideas, since they were the most educated and probably the only portion of the third estate who could read, as pointed out by historian Albert Mathiez, “The middle class…was sensitive to their inferior legal position. The Revolution came from them-the middle class. The working classes were incapable of starting or controlling the Revolution. They were just beginning to learn to read,”(doc. 4). The ideas of Voltaire, who believed in the right of free speech for everyone, also figured greatly in the revolutionary thoughts of the third estate. The people were angry that their opinions were being suppressed by the corrupt government. The Comte D’Antraigues, a friend of Rousseau, said about the ideas of the people, “The Third Estate is the People and the People is the Foundation of the State; it is in fact the State itself; the…People is everything. Everything should be subordinated to it…It is in the People that all national power resides and for the People that all states exist.” The revolutionary seed was planted in the mind of the French people by the ideas of the philosophes. The French Revolution had three major causes: the incompetence of Louis XVI, the vast gap between the rich and poor in France, and the revolutionary ideas of the Enlightenment. Once Louis called the infamous Estates-General of May 5, 1789, a revolution began when the third estate created the National Assembly to create reforms in the name of the people. Three days later, the Third Estate was locked out, so they broke into a tennis court and created a new constitution. This was the spark the ignited the revolution, and the beginning of a whole new era in the history of France.

Meeting Friends and Family for the First Time Much anticipation and excitement awaits the introduction of a newborn baby to one’s family and friends. Your child’s condition will not change the love and support that will come from family members and friends who really care about you and, now, your child. When first introducing your child to friends and family it is important to remember that you can control the amount and type of information you provide about your child’s condition. The extent and depth of detail you offer depends on the type of relationship you have with that particular person. It’s also important to remember that the message about your child that you share with other people will ultimately be the message your child shares with people about himself as he or she matures. It is often helpful to think through exactly what you want to say so that you are prepared with some ‘set answers’ to the most common questions. Having a child who looks different can change the way people, including family members, interact with you. It usually increases the level of support and empathy you receive. It can, sometimes, give people license to make comments they would not consider making to another family member. The important thing to remember that you can control the amount of information you share and your response to such comments. It might be helpful to carefully explain your child’s condition, at your comfort level, to the family member or friend before he or she meets the child. Providing a photo beforehand is another way to prepare everyone for a more relaxed and meaningful meeting.

100 Merchants Retrace Silk Road Trade Route on Camelback in Epic Year-Long Journey In a quest to repeat the traditions of ancient merchants, more than 100 tea traders are making an epic journey, crossing 15,000 kilometers on camelback and retracing the steps of the Silk Road merchants from 2,000 years ago. This ambitious expedition set out in September of last year, and this week thousands of residents turned out to see the historic spectacle as the caravan passed through an ancient market town near the Gobi Desert. The traditional camel train departed Shaanxi province in central China in 2014, and this week the merchants, 136 camels, and 8 horses filed through Zhangye, ancient trade town along the Silk Road. On Tuesday, the convoy reached Zhangye, an ancient market town near the Gobi Desert, where thousands of curious residents lined up the streets to witness the spectacle, reports Chinese language news site People's Daily Online . Camels and tea merchants travel through the streets of Zhangye as they retrace the ancient Silk Road route to Kazakhstan. Image: People.cn - New Project seeks World Heritage status for Ancient Silk Road - 1,700-year-old Silk Road cemetery contains carvings of the four mythological symbols of China - The Life and Adventures of Marco Polo The Silk Road, or Silk Route, was a 6000-kilometer-long trade network frequented from about 114 B.C. to the 1450s which linked far-flung regions of the ancient world in commerce. It was not an actual road, but a shifting path connecting a series of trade stops, villages, and cities through which merchants would pass. Routes were subject to change depending on local politics. Extent of Silk Route/Silk Road. Red is land route and the blue is the sea/water route. Public Domain The Silk Road bridged the East and West, allowing cultures to interact, share and trade. The trade route was frequented by pilgrims, merchants, soldiers, and nomads across continents and civilizations. Silk was the major trade item from China, but countless other goods were traded such as raw materials and luxury items—as was religion, technology, agriculture, science, language, art, and even disease. - The ancient manuscripts of Dunhuang - The Beauty of Loulan and the Tattooed Mummies of the Tarim Basin Mail Online reports that the merchants journeying from China to Kazakhstan as part of a cultural initiative are bringing with them specialty Fuzhuan tea, a traditional brew native to Jingyang county. They expect to return with trade goods from Kazakhstan in March 2016. In recent years the Chinese government has pushed to revive the ancient route by investing in high-speed train lines to improve trade links with central Asia. Camels and tea merchants wind through the streets of Zhangye as they retrace the ancient Silk Road route to Kazakhstan. Image: People.cn The Chang'an-Tianshan corridor of the Silk Road was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2014. Silk Road countries and the Chinese government have supported initiatives to promote the heritage of the Silk Road and to bridge trade and transportation gaps between 21 st century nations. Investment in high-speed train lines is one of the steps being taken in building the "Silk Road economic belt,” according to The Guardian . Today’s epic journey of merchants crossing those thousands of kilometers on camels, goods in hand, bridges the gap between the ancient and modern world, and brings to life the amazing history of the Silk Road network. Featured Image: Caravan on the Silk Road (1380 AD). Public Domain By Liz Leafloor

By Whitney Cranshaw and Frank Peairs, Colorado State University Cooperative Extension Entomologists Miller moth is the term given to any type of moth that is particularly abundant in and around homes. In the eastern half of Colorado, the common miller is the army cutworm, Euxoa auxiliaris. The wings of all moths are covered with fine scales that easily rub off. These scales reminded people of the dusty flour that covered the clothing of the miller. The caterpillar stage is a typical cutworm. In high populations, however, they have the unusual habit of banding together in army-like groups and may be seen crawling across fields or highways in large numbers. The 1 1/2 to 2-inch wingspan of the army cutworm moth is typical of the size of many other cutworms found in the state. It is generally gray or light brown and has wavy dark and light markings on the wings. The wing patterns of the moths are quite variable in color and markings. Many of the moths that fly at night have specialized eyes that increase the light reaching the light- sensing receptor cells. In the base of the miller-moth eyes are a series of thread-like trachea that carry oxygen. These are pale colored and reflect light, giving the appearance of glowing. There also are colored pigments in the eye, which may give an iridescent color to the light. The army cutworm has an unusual life history. Eggs are laid by the moths in late summer and early fall. Most eggs are laid in weedy areas of wheat fields, alfalfa fields or other areas where vegetation is thick. The eggs hatch within a few weeks and the young caterpillars feed. The army cutworm spends the winter as a partially grown caterpillar and resumes feeding the following spring. At this time, the cutworms may damage crops, including alfalfa, winter wheat (after the broadleaf weeds nearly are gone) and gardens. They become full grown by mid-spring, burrow into the soil and pupate. About two to three weeks later, the adult miller stage of the insect emerges. Spring flights of miller moths, moving east to west across the eastern half of the state, originate from moths that developed across eastern Colorado and probably as far as the border areas of Wyoming, Nebraska and Kansas. They fly west and ultimately settle at higher elevations. There they spend one to two months feeding on nectar. During this time, they are in reproductive diapause and do not lay eggs. In late summer, they return east to lay eggs and repeat the cycle. No one is sure why army cutworms, the "Colorado miller," migrate to the mountains in the summer. One likely explanation is that the mountains reliably provide an abundance of summer flowers, a source of nectar they need as food. In addition, the relatively cool temperatures of the higher elevations may be less stressful to the moths, allowing them to conserve energy and live longer. During outbreak years, miller-moth flights may last five to six weeks, generally starting in late May or early June. However, they tend to be most severe for only two to three weeks. Return flights in late summer are usually less spread out. However, since many of the moths die during the summer, the return flight is less obvious. The army cutworm also can be found in western Colorado. Presumably, it also follows sources of nectar plants, although it does not occur in the nuisance numbers found in eastern Colorado. Population density varies from year to year. Dry periods will help shorten our misery, as the millers will move on through the area more quickly and not stay to linger over the many flowers seen in the spring of a wetter year. Miller Moths In the Home Miller moths avoid daylight and seek shelter before daybreak. Ideally, a daytime shelter is dark and tight. Small cracks in doorways of homes, garages and cars make perfect hiding spots. Often, many moths may be found sheltered together in particularly good shelters. Miller moths between the coils of a garden hose At night, the moths emerge from the daytime shelters to resume their migratory flight. Since cracks often continue into the living space of a home (or a garage, car, etc.), a wrong turn may lead them indoors, instead of outside. Although there is still debate among scientists on this point, most believe moths are attracted to the light because they use the moon to help orient their flights. Such distant points of light allow the insects to fix their flights by maintaining a constant angle to the light source. Artificial lights confuse the insect response, since these lights are so close (an unnatural situation). Trying to maintain the flight angle to these close light sources cause the insects to spiral to the source. Are miller moths harmful? The caterpillar stage of the army cutworm is sometimes an important pest for crops in spring. However, the adult-miller stage is primarily a nuisance--albeit a considerable nuisance at times. Moths in the home do not feed or lay eggs. During the migratory flights, the moths do not produce or lay eggs. Furthermore, the caterpillar stage would not survive on household furnishings or other foods in the home. Moths in the home will eventually either find a way outdoors or die. When large numbers do die in a home, there may be a small odor problem (due to the fat in their bodies turning rancid). Also, unless they are cleaned out, the old moths may serve as food for carpet beetles and other household scavengers. Probably the greatest damage by millers is lost sleep, when they are flying about the room and the (needless) worry they may cause some harm. Moths that have recently emerged from the pupa produce a reddish-brown fluid that often is deposited on windows, walls or other areas where the insect rests. This is called meconia and is the waste product stored during pupal development. Meconia is primarily proteinaceous and is usually not difficult to remove. Follow normal fabric-care instructions on clothing. Spray-and-wash type household cleaners can remove the spots from walls and other surfaces. The caterpillar stage of the army cutworm has many natural enemies. Predatory ground beetles and many birds eat cutworms, and the larvae of various flies and wasps develop within and kill the caterpillars. Adult millers may be eaten by bats or even many birds when the millers are forced to fly during the day. The number of miller moths in late spring is related to the number of army cutworm caterpillars which occurred earlier in the season. Outbreaks of the army cutworm usually are followed by large flights of millers. Many things can influence cutworm outbreaks. Extremely cold winter conditions may kill many caterpillars, and when few moths are present, low numbers of eggs may be laid. The effectiveness of natural enemies, such as ground beetles and parasitic wasps, help regulate numbers of cutworms. Plowing fields where cutworms have laid eggs kills many. In the Home Before miller moths start to fly, try to seal any obvious openings, particularly around windows and doors. Also, reduce lighting at night in and around the home during flights. This includes turning off all unnecessary lights or substituting non-attractive yellow lights. Although the moths avoid daylight, they are attracted to point- sources of light at night. Once in the home, the best way to remove the moths is to swat or vacuum them or to attract them to traps. An easy trap to make is to suspend a light bulb over a partially filled bucket of water. Moths attracted to the light often will fall into the water and be killed. Insecticides have little or no effect in controlling millers. The moths are not very susceptible to insecticides. Furthermore, any moths killed will rapidly be replaced by new moths that migrate into the area nightly. Photos: Judy Sedbrook © CSU/Denver County Extension Master Gardener 2010 888 E. Iliff Avenue, Denver, CO 80210 Date last revised: 01/05/2010

Foreign Policy and the Monroe Doctrine Essay Foreign Policy and the Monroe Doctrine President James Monroe outline what is now known as the Monroe Doctrine in a speech to congress in 1828. The President warned European nations not to interfere in the affairs of America’s neighbors the nations of the Western Hemisphere. Monroe was responding to European threats to aid Spain in regaining its former Latin American colonies. By 1822 Argentina, Colombia, and Mexico had revolted and declared their independence.(1)Originally, the doctrine had been intended to support weak Latin American countries against European powers and discourage Russian interference along the Pacific Coast. The Monroe Doctrine proclaimed clearly that European powers would no longer colonize or interfere with the affairs of newly independent nations. The United States planned to stay neutral in the conflicts between European powers and their colonies.(2)In 1842, President John Tyler used this document to justify taking Texas from Mexico. Many nations to the south grew resentful, a Venezuelan newspaper warned other Latin American countries against the United states: Beware, brothers, the wolf approaches the lambs.(3) Due to the growing hostilities of the Latin American countries, and increasing concern in Great Britain and France, the United states decided on a new approach. In 1920 the United States policy became more of a offering of economic assistance, and cooperation with its Latin American neighbors. In my opinion, the United States does not follow this policy anymore. I do believe that it is possible to still follow the Monroe Doctrine, at least in the spirit of which it was written. It is easy to see that the United states relationship with South America is in great need of repair. The newspapers, and special addition news shows on television all point out the hostility against United States policies. In Michael Shifters report to the House committee on Foreign Affairs, he outlines how the United States got to this point with our South American neighbors, and how in his opinion we could. fix our situation. As Shifter points out misguided policies of our current administration on globalization and policies particularly the Middle East, have worsened U.S South American Relationships.(4)U.S. Policy has been since 9-11 is so active on the War on Terror that we have failed to come to the aid, and support of economic assistance for our South American neighbors, which was in the Monroe Doctrine. In 2002 the Bush Administration failed to respond to an appeal for help from Bolivian president Gonzalez Sanchez de Lozada for aid to help the enormous social unrest in that country. The United States ignored their pleas for help and the government fell. I believe our biggest problem is coming from Hugo Chavez of Venezuela. Chavez hates the United States current policies on the Middle East and his intent is constructing a counterweight to U.S. Power not just in Latin America, but all over the world. The United States receives some 12% of our oil from Venezuela. Chavez has oil money and is using this money to influence other countries such as Bolivia, Cuba, and Nicaragua. Their leaders respectively; Evo Morales, Fidel Castro, Daniel Ortega and Hugo Chavez. These leaders have all developed a closer political and economic alliance with Iran, all aim at undermining U.S. Foreign policy and pitting Latin countries against the United States. I would like to think that the United States could repair our relationship with South American countries and uphold the policies of the Monroe Doctrine, which was written by one of the last of our founding fathers. To accomplish this, the United States will have to change the current policies in the Middle East and start viewing South American countries as partners in all issues from energy trade, environmental, and democratic problems. Especially after all the damage we have done over the years to those countries concerning these very issues. As such, building trust again in these regions will not happen quickly, but by taking a firm democratic and constitutional stance it is still possible to recover what has been lost. From then on, not ignoring request for help. And changing our dependence on foreign oil and resources will put the United States in a better light. (1)Miller, Marilyn. Words That Built a Nation. Scholastic.

The Test Range has a fully equipped meteorological station to provide all standard meteorological parameters (barometric pressure, temperature, relative humidity, density, wind direction and speed). Surface Meteorological Data Surface conditions are continuously measured 24 hours at the meteorological station, while mobile measurement equipment can be deployed at various points on the Range to typically provide surface or ground conditions up to 10m. Surface meteorological data is distributed via the range communication infrastructure for display in the control room or at the participating measurement systems. Upper Air Meteorological Profiles Meteorological balloons equipped with radio sondes are used to monitor upper air conditions with 50m interval resolution up to 30km - temperature, humidity and density are measured as a function of altitude. Derivatives from the standard parameters measured are the dew point, density and refraction index. Daily computer aided weather forecasts of meteorological condition probabilities - forecasting surface, upper air and sea conditions (wave forecasting) - are available for a 3 to 5 day window in advance. Inputs utilized include local observations, national meteorological grid data, Range meteorological statistics and results of local balloon soundings. Based on statistics compiled from local measurements and monitoring of meteorological conditions over more than 20 years, fairly accurate indications of suitable test days for the different seasons of the year can be provided to potential range users. These statistics are however generalized to some extent to cater for different tests imposing different restrictions in terms of suitable weather conditions. In addition the stations radar system can be used as part of the Test Ranges array of measurement systems to assist with general target tracking or to provide information needed for positioning of airborne targets. Positioning of airborne targets is accomplished by means of radar tracking, pilot balloon soundings and target trajectory computations.

This post may contain affiliate links that earn me a small commission, at no cost to you. As always, I only recommend links I personally use and love! [su_note note_color=”#fefe9c”]The kids may be out of school but they don’t have to stop learning. Get full K-12 studies at Khan Academy![/su_note] KhanAcademy: Learn Almost Anything For FREE! Khan Academy is an educational website that, as its tagline puts it, aims to let anyone “learn almost anything—for free.” Students, or anyone interested enough to surf by, can watch some 2,400 videos that cover K-12 math, science topics such as biology, chemistry, and physics, and even reaches into the humanities with playlists on finance and history. Each video is a digestible chunk, approximately 10 minutes long, and especially purposed for viewing on the computer. Khan Academy offers practice exercises, instructional videos, and a personalized learning dashboard that empower learners to study at their own pace in and outside of the classroom. We tackle math, science, computer programming, history, art history, economics, and more. Our math missions guide learners from kindergarten to calculus using state-of-the-art, adaptive technology that identifies strengths and learning gaps. We’ve also partnered with institutions like NASA, The Museum of Modern Art, The California Academy of Sciences, and MIT to offer specialized content.

This episode is from the WNYC archives. It may contain language which is no longer politically or socially appropriate. Milton B. O'Connell, Deputy Director for Public Information of the New York State Civil Defense Commission describes the state's plans for civil defense in light of disclosures of the extent of damage caused by the H-bomb explosions in the Pacific. The New York State Commission on Civil Defense states this has no impact on the plans for civil defense. Lt. Gen. C. R. Huebner, State Civil Defense director, stated as much on March 1, 1954, the same day the h-bomb explosion took place: "There is no reason to be defeatist and to maintain that nothing can be done to deal with the effects of this new weapon. While the damages and casualties will, of course, increase, and the importance of prompt and effective post attack measures is magnified, the actions to be taken are essentially the same as in the case of an atomic blast." "Civil defense is fundamentally the people...prepared to take positive action to cope with the effects of a hostile attack." "There is no alternative but to improve our defenses, both militarily and civil." A somewhat frank discussion of the effects of an h-bomb attack follows, mostly through quotes from Huebner. Audio courtesy of the NYC Municipal Archives WNYC Collection WNYC archives id: 71698 Municipal archives id: LT2675

Why map the Gulag Scholars of the variously named violent-, lethal-, terror-, war-, or death-scapes, face the universal problem that there are no solid traditions or developed methodologies in GIS available that can easily be transferred for use with historical datasets. In the best case examples, ad hoc teams with the appropriate range of skills are assembled for specific projects, but more usually the task of visually representing data is contracted out, with the result that there is an urgent need for the development of standard methodologies to facilitate progress in mapping violent geographies. The Stanford Holocaust Geographies Project is the most comprehensive and advanced among current initiatives. The project combines archival and textual data with the spatial analytical tools of geovisualization to reveal the patterns of events as the Nazis imposed a sweeping geography of oppression across East Central Europe. The project has fixed the geolocation of 1,300 concentration camps and by layering the resultant pattern with many different types of qualitative and quantitative information in the same visual space, it has shown change over time. As Ann Kelly Knowles (2015), one of the project’s initiators, observes, "The key is to recognize that perpetrators and victims experienced the Holocaust at different scales, but that those scales registered--came together--in particular places at particular times …. Mapping complex data, like the development of the SS concentration camps system, inevitably shows you things you would not know--unless you make a map." Turning this ‘key’, we believe, is overdue in studies of the Soviet repression. The maps presented on this web-site are the first step towards developing the systematic approaches introducing the spatial histories of the Soviet and post-Soviet penal system with the help of HGIS.

1 MW Solar Tracking Demonstration Project UGA partnered with Georgia Power to install a 1-megawatt solar array in an underutilized agricultural field next to the UGA Club Sports Complex on South Milledge Avenue. The project includes various technologies for tracking patterns of the sun to maximize the output of electricity, providing research opportunities for students in the UGA College of Engineering and others. An on-site webcam provided a time-lapse view of the construction. Construction started in 2015 and the site went active in early 2016. Jackson Street Building 18 kW Solar Array This 18-kilowatt solar electric system was installed in 2012 on the roof of the Jackson Street Building, which houses programs of the College of Environment & Design. Seventy-two MAGE Powertec 240 photovoltaic panels harness energy from the sun to help power lights, mechanical systems and plug loads inside the Jackson Street Building. Overall the project generates about 30,000 kilowatt-hours of electricity annually, enough to reduce greenhouse gas emissions equivalent to removing five personal vehicles from our local roadways every year. Economically, the panels will reduce monthly electricity bills and are estimated to pay for themselves in fourteen years. To learn more about sustainable design in the Jackson Street Building & to see real-time performance of the solar panels, visit the Jackson Street Building EcoScreen. UGA Solar Charging Station at Herty Field University students who decide to write their essay papers or study for final exams outside no longer have to worry about losing power, thanks to a solar-powered charging station across from Herty Field on North Campus. From afar, the charging station looks like any other wooden table topped with a canopy, but, instead of canvas, the canopy is constructed of solar panels. The ConnecTable is capable of charging between 75 and 150 mobile devices a day, even on cloudy days, with the use of a 530-watt solar array and 225 amp-hour gel cell battery. Installed by the UGA Grounds Department in 2015. UGArden Solar Array A free-standing solar array with eight solar panels helps to power a farm building and charge an electric vehicle at the UGArden Teaching & Demonstration Farm. The project was designed by a team of UGA Engineering students and installed in 2013 through the UGA Campus Sustainability Grants program.

January 20-26: Mass "transports" of Theresienstadt Jews are sent to Auschwitz. The German Sixth Army is annihilated near Stalingrad. A German Red Cross delegation visits Theresienstadt. A first "transport" is sent to the "Family Camp" in Auschwitz-Birkenau. The children of Bialystok are sent from Theresienstadt to be murdered in Birkenau. A count of the Jews in the Theresienstadt Ghetto is conducted, and Jakob Edelstein is arrested for a discrepancy between the results of the count and the number of Jews registered in the card index. A second "transport" is sent to the "Family Camp" in Birkenau. Edelstein, his wife Miriam and son Arieh are sent on this "transport".

Reaching movements in stroke patients are characterized by decreased amplitudes at the shoulder and elbow joints compared to healthy subjects (1–6). The movement pattern of patients with stroke is highly related to their level of motor function impairment, which becomes modified due to the lack of inter-articular coordination (1). There is a decrease in the range of motion at the elbow joint with a tendency toward flexion, which avoids correct extension of the upper limb (UL), hampering the ability to perform appropriate reaching movements. Excessive shoulder abduction is also observed as a compensatory movement when there is a lack of appropriate shoulder flexion (7). In the case of the trunk, greater trunk displacements have been observed in patients with stroke, forward displacements, and torsion movements, which are related to deficits in elbow extension, and shoulder flexion and adduction, as compensatory mechanisms that occur during reaching movements or other activity. Patients are able to develop new motor strategies to achieve their goal despite UL deficits (1–7). There is a greater involvement of the trunk and scapula during the execution of reaching movements due to the creation of new movement strategies to compensate for the deficiencies (8). The scientific literature has shown that stroke patients need to create new movement strategies. This involves the development of pathological synergies to carry out the desired movements. An example of this is the excessive movements of the trunk and scapula to compensate the deficiencies resulting from the pathology (7). Proper activation of the interscapular muscles depends on the position of the trunk. Stroke patients, due to the deficits affecting their trunk and scapular movement patterns, are under unfavorable conditions for being able to perform appropriate and selective activation of these muscles, which has a negative impact on the movement of the UL (9–11). Regarding the UL muscles involved in reaching movements, a deficit in muscle control and activation has been observed (5, 12, 13). The synergistic contraction of the shoulder flexor and extensor muscles during reach becomes deteriorated due to muscle weakness and; therefore, the resulting movement is deficient (14). Furthermore, spastic muscle patterns may also prevent the correct performance of UL movements (15–18). Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a form of treatment that seeks to activate the paretic muscles using short-duration electrical pulses applied via surface electrodes through the skin (19). The use of FES and neuroprostheses has spanned almost four decades (20, 21). The use of FES as a neuroprosthesis consists of self-treatment at home by means of a neuroprosthetic neuromuscular stimulation system. The objective of this modality is to assist the performance of an activity of daily living (ADL) (22). Recently, functional and clinical improvements have been reported with the therapeutic application of FES, in which stimulation was used to increase voluntary movement after stroke (22, 23). Therapeutic FES modalities have been used to recruit UL muscles, improving weakness, the dyscoordination of single and multiple joints movements, and spasticity (24). Most studies employing therapeutic FES for paretic UL rehabilitation are based on stimulation of the shoulder, elbow, and wrist muscles without recruitment of the interscapular muscles (25–28). The importance of an appropriate and specific contraction of the interscapular musculature during UL movement is necessary to adapt the position of the scapulothoracic joint to the degree of movement of the glenohumeral joint. This musculature has a stabilizing function upon the entire glenohumeral complex, which is necessary for a correct reaching movement (29–31). In healthy subjects, the posture of the trunk has been shown to influence changes in scapular movement and interscapular muscle activity during UL elevation (29, 32). The motor control of shoulder movement influences the correct and proper activation and synchronization of these muscles (33). In this study, we tested the ability of a FES system to assist the UL movement of stroke patients based on the stimulation of interscapular, shoulder, elbow, wrist, and finger muscles. To our knowledge, no empirical study to date directly addresses this question. The authors hypothesized that participants receiving FES to the UL and interscapular muscles would be able to perform the movement with less trunk anteroposterior tilt and major shoulder flexion and elbow extension. The aim of this feasibility study was to evaluate whether the application of FES to the UL and interscapular muscles of stroke patients with UL motor impairment would be able to modify their reaching patterns, measured using instrumental movement analysis systems.[…]

What nationality is the name Lee? Lee, I, or Yi (이) is the second-most-common surname in Korea, behind Kim (Gim). Historically, 李 was officially written as Ni (니) in Korea. The spelling officially changed to I (이) in 1933 when the initial sound rule (두음법칙) was established. Is Lee Chinese or Korean? Is Lee a Japanese last name? Lee is the typical romanization of the common South Korean surname I (Hangul 이), North Korean surname Ri (리). The name is written identically to the Chinese name Li 李 in Hanja characters….Lee (Korean surname) What Japanese last name means strong? The common Korean surname, Lee (also romanized as Yi, Ri, or Rhee), and the Vietnamese surname, Lý, are both derived from Li and are historically written with the same Chinese character (李)….Li (surname 李) Can Japanese first names be last names? Gushiken or Gusicin (具志堅) is an Okinawan surname of Okinawan (Ryukyuan) origin. Often taken to mean “strong willed” or “of firm determination”, a meaning taken from the combination of the three kanji characters in the name. What are some Japanese last names? Traditionally, family names come first in Japanese, as they do in China and Korea. But beginning in the late 19th century, Japanese began adopting the Western custom of putting the given name first and family name second, at least when writing their names in English. What is the most common last name in Peru? Japan’s top 100 most common family names Is Argentina named after a person? The most common type of family name in Peru is the patronymic surname. Alvarez, Fernandez, Garcia, Chávez, Díaz, and Gonzales(z) are examples of common surnames. Because of immigration to Peru, there are also many surnames of other nationalities. What is the most common last name in Argentina? The name is derived from the Latin argentum (silver). The first use of the name Argentina can be traced to the voyages of the Spanish conquerors to the Río de la Plata. The explorers who shipwrecked in Juan Díaz de Solís’ expedition found native communities in the region who gave them silver presents. What is the most common Chinese last name? Whats the most common Hispanic last name? A report in 2019 gives the most common Chinese surnames as Wang and Li, each shared by over 100 million people in China, with Zhang, Liu, Chen, Yang, Huang, Zhao, Wu and Zhou making up the rest of the ten most common Chinese names. What is most common last name in the world? What is most common last name in the world? What is the most common last name in USA? Wang. Wang is a patronymic (ancestral) name that means “king” in Mandarin, and it’s shared by more than 92 million people in China, making it the most popular last name in the world. What’s the whitest last name? What are the two most common Hispanic surnames in the US? Garcia, Rodriguez and four other Latino surnames are now among the 15 most common surnames in the United States, the Census Bureau reported Thursday. Smith, Johnson and Williams, long the most common last names, remain the nation’s Top 3, the bureau said. What countries are Hispanic? Hispanic countries are: Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Spain, Uruguay, and Venezuela. What is meant by Hispanic? The term Hispanic (Spanish: hispano or hispánico) refers to people, cultures, or countries related to Spain, the Hispanidad, Spanish language, culture, or people. Why is Latinx a thing? Latinx is used as an alternative to the gender binary inherent to formulations such as Latina/o and [email protected], and is used by and for Latinos who do not identify as either male or female, or more broadly as a gender-neutral term for anyone of Latin-American descent. What is Chicana identity? Chicano or Chicana is a chosen identity for many Mexican Americans in the United States. The identity experienced a further decline by the late 1970s and 1980s as assimilation and economic mobility became a goal of many Mexican Americans in an era of conservatism, who instead identified as Hispanic. What does it mean to be indigenous Americas Mexico? Indigenous Mexican Americans or Mexican American Indians are American citizens who are descended from the indigenous peoples of Mexico. Indigenous Mexican-Americans usually speak an Indigenous language as their first language and may not speak either Spanish or English. What group is indigenous to Mexico? The ten largest indigenous language groups are Náhuatl (22.7% of indigenous language speakers), Maya (13.5%), Zapoteco (7.6%), Mixteco (7.3%) Otomí (5.3%), Tzeltal (5.3%), Tztotzil (4.3%), Totonaca (3.9%), Mazateco (3.2%) and Chol (2.4%). (3). What is the percentage of indigenous population in Mexico? What is mestizaje ideology? The ideology of mestizaje (mixture) in Latin America has frequently been seen as involving a process of national homogenisation and of hiding a reality of racist exclusion behind a mask of inclusiveness. What kind of race is mestizo? The term mestizo means mixed in Spanish, and is generally used throughout Latin America to describe people of mixed ancestry with a white European and an indigenous background. Where did Mestizaje come from? Mestizo is at the core of Mexican Spanish and is used in Mexico and by Mexicans far more than in any other national community, but it has other meanings, as when Filipinos use it for individuals who are mixed indigenous Austronesian or other foreign ancestry. What is an example of mestizaje? Chicano mestizaje enacts a void and a congested condition. For example, the poem “I Am Joaquin” (1967) by Rodolfo “Corky” Gonzales expresses a fusion of two opposites, Mexico and the United States, which are blended to form a third cultural experience: Chicano. What is the definition of ethnic and cultural mixing in Mexican indigenous culture? Mestizo (/mɛˈstiːzoʊ, mɪ-/; Spanish: [mesˈtiθo] ( listen); fem. mestiza) is a term used in Hispanic America to refer to a person of a combined European and indigenous American descent. What is the significance of race and ethnicity in Latin America? Throughout Latin America, race and ethnicity continue to be among the most important determinants of access to opportunity and economic advancement. What is the main ethnicity in Mexico? Generally speaking, the mixture of indigenous and European peoples has produced the largest segment of the population today—mestizos, who account for about three-fifths of the total—via a complex blending of ethnic traditions and perceived ancestry.[ad_2]

Write a dedication, add a photo and we'll do the rest. You'll create a unique keepsake - A Personalized Edition! Author: Henry David Thoreau Introduction by: Michael Meyer If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer. Let him step to the music he hears, however measured or far away.' Disdainful of America's growing commercialism and industrialism, Henry David Thoreau left Concord, Massachusetts, in 1845 to live in solitude in the woods by Walden Pond. Walden, the classic account of his stay there, conveys at once a naturalist's wonder at the commonplace and a Transcendentalist's yearning for spiritual truth and self-reliance. But even as Thoreau disentangled himself from worldly matters, his solitary musings were often disturbed by his social conscience.'Civil Disobedience', expressing his antislavery and antiwar sentiments, has influenced nonviolent resistance movements worldwide. Michael Meyer's introduction points out that Walden is not so much an autobiographical study as a 'shining example' of Transcendental individualism. 432 pages (size: 5" x 7.5")

Analysis of variance is a tool used for a variety of purposes. Applications range from a common one-way ANOVA, to experimental blocking, to more complex nested designs. This first ANOVA example provides the necessary tools to analyze data using this technique. This example will show a basic one-way ANOVA. I will save the theory and the more detailed model topics behind Analysis of Variance for a separate discussion. Posted by Wesley on September 11, 2012

Science and our senses Wonwell class have been learning about the senses in Science. This afternoon they explored their sense of sight by practising activities with their eyes open and then with their eyes closed to 'see' the difference. They threw and caught small balls, threw beanbags into hoops, balanced on one leg and played catch with a partner. We talked about hand eye co-ordination and the role of our brain in linking ideas and actions together. Please click here to see more photos.

Men enlisting in WWI were issued with a regimental number by the AIF. Exceptions were officers and nurses, who were not issued a regimental number. Numbers, while sequential, were rarely unique. The number “1‟ was allocated to the first man in every infantry battalion and light horse regiment. Therefore, a minimum of 20 men could share the regimental number “1‟ – one for each of the 16 infantry battalions and four light horse regiments. When a soldier was transferred to another unit which already had that regimental number his number was appended with a letter. The numbers of re-enlisting soldiers often included the letter R. With the formation of the General Service Reinforcements (GSR) in 1917, the numbering system changed; general reinforcement soldiers were allocated a unique number between 50,000 and 80,000. Memorial to Bertie Stibbard, Orange Cemetery. Image courtesy Elizabeth Griffin. Bert Stibbard was a labourer from Cadia who enlisted in Orange in February 1916. He arrived in England in August the same year and proceeded to France as a private in the 34th Battalion. In February 1917 he was appointed Lance Corporal. According to an eyewitness report Stibbard was killed by a shell explosion whilst sleeping in a bay in the trenches at Ploegsteert, Belgium on the morning of 7 June 1917. He was 22. Bertie Stibbard is commemorated on the Holy Trinity Church Orange Honour Roll and on the World War I Roll of Honour on the southern face of the Orange Cenotaph. In 1923 the Anzac Memorial Avenue of trees was planted along Bathurst Road to commemorate fallen WWI soldiers. A tree was planted in honour of “Cpl Bert Stibbard”; it was donated by his mother, Frances. Very few of the trees are still standing today. James Robert ‘Tad’ Digges was a farmer on the family’s property at Coonamble when the war broke out. He enlisted in September 1915 and was appointed as a gunner with the 5th Field Artillery Brigade. He was later appointed as a driver. He was hospitalised several times during the course of the war, suffering from trench foot, appendicitis and influenza. He settled in Mendooran after the war, where he was a newsagent and prominent public figure. Digges was an avid golfer, winning a trophy for his performance in the 1949 season. Digges frequented Orange to socialise and to visit his friends and was well-known in the town. William Roy Lowdon memorial plaque, St John’s Church, Orange. Image courtesy Julie Sykes. William Roy Lowdon was born in Orange, and lived in Bathurst Road. He and his father were the proprietors of Lowdon & Son Bakery in East Orange. Roy was Secretary of the Thistle Club, and sang at their gatherings. The Leader claimed “Roy was one of the most popular of the young men of Orange”. Roy enlisted in March 1916, and served in 1st Division Australian Army Service Corps. He was delivering supplies at Dickebusch (Dickie Bush) in Belgium on 31 August 1917 when a shell fell on him. According to a fellow soldier fragments of bomb entered his armpit and he exclaimed “I’m hit Tick”, and died a few minutes later. He was 26. Roy’s name appears on St John’s Presbyterian Church Orange Honour Roll. His memory is also honoured by a plaque adjacent to the sanctuary. William Roy Lowdon is also commemorated on the World War I Roll of Honour on the southern face of the Orange Cenotaph. In 1923 the Anzac Memorial Avenue of trees was planted along Bathurst Road to commemorate fallen WWI soldiers. A tree was planted in honour of “Pte WR Lowdon”; it was donated by DH Lowdon. Very few of the trees are still standing today. William Lowdon’s headstone, Reninghelst New Military Cemetery, Belgium. Image courtesy Sharon Hesse. ‘Jack’ Moylan had been a policeman in Orange for several years before the First World War. Born in Crookwell, Constable Moylan was stationed at Rylstone when the war broke out. According to the Leader, Moylan asked his wife Nellie “’I stand between love and duty, which must I obey?”, to which she replied “Duty! Do your duty, then come back to me”. 36 year old Moylan had been a Trooper with the NSW Lancers during the Boer War. He enlisted in Sydney in September 1914, joining the 1st Light Horse Regiment for training at Rosebury Park. He embarked HMAT A16 Star of Victoria at Sydney on 20 October 1914, disembarking in Egypt on 8 December 1914. Private Moylan was admitted to No 1 General Hospital at Harefield in England in August 1915 suffering from dysentery. He was hospitalised for two months, rejoining his unit in October. In January 1916 Moylan was promoted to the rank of Captain, and was awarded the Military Cross on 4 June 1918. On 23 November 1918 Captain Moylan was admitted to hospital, dangerously ill, suffering from pneumonia and nephritis. He died on 28 September and is buried in Gaza Military Cemetery in Palestine. His widow died in November 1922 at Bathurst. Jack Moylan is commemorated on the World War I Roll of Honour on the southern face of the Orange Cenotaph. In 1923 the Anzac Memorial Avenue of trees was planted along Bathurst Road to commemorate fallen WWI soldiers. A tree was planted in honour of “Capt BJ Moylan”; it was donated by Flynn and Leggo. Very few of the trees are still standing today. No 1 Australian General Hospital, Harefield, England, where Moylan was hospitalized in August 1915. Image courtesy Australian War Memorial. Hilton Williamson was born in Orange in 1893. He was working as a carpenter and living in Bowen Terrace when WWI was declared. 22 year old Hilton enlisted in January 1916, embarking from Sydney in April the same year. Hilton served as a private in the 45th Battalion for 3 ½ years, returning to Australia in July 1919. On 16 April 1927 Hilton married Vivia Barbara Williamson at Nyrang Creek, Canowindra. The couple had one daughter. Hilton died at Manly Vale in June 1964. Hilton’s name appears on the Orange East Public School Honour Roll and the St John’s Presbyterian Church Orange Honour Roll. Charles Ewart Hawke 1916. Image courtesy Patricia Hobbs. Charles Hawke was the son of Thomas Hawke, a name long-associated with the Orange fruit growing industry. A keen cricketer and footballer, 23 year old Charles was working as an orchardist on his father’s property on Canobolas Road when the war broke out. He enlisted in September 1915 and embarked for the continent in December that year. Charles served as a private in France and Belgium, returning to Australia in June 1919. In September 1919 Charles and Valerie Lawson became were engaged in Orange. They married at the Methodist church in Leichhardt on 25 October that year. The couple had three children – Bruce, Marie and Neville, and spent the rest of their lives at Martinvale, 24 Canobolas Road. Charles died in September 1954, and Valerie in January 1965. Charles Hawke’s name appears on the Ancient Order of Foresters Orange Roll of Honor and the Methodist Church Orange Honour Roll. William Stuart McKay was born in Candelo in 1890. He was living in Ashfield and working as a motor driver when he enlisted in August 1915. William embarked the HMAT Itonus in Brisbane on 30 December 1915. He served as a motor driver with the 3rd Mechanical Transport Company in England and France, returning to Australia in June 1919. William was the nephew of Ald. Henry Kinghorne McKay, Orange orchardist and farmer, and Mayor of Orange in 1911. William and his brother George Robert McKay often travelled to Orange to visit their uncle, and they did so in July 1919, following their return from the war.

You have come to the right place if you are looking for fun, engaging and exciting Day and Night themed activities to do with toddlers, preschoolers and kindergartners. Our activities are widely used by teachers, moms, dads, child care providers and more! All our activities are available at no cost and are free to print and share. Select below to get started. Day and Night Arts and Crafts 1. Use an old window shade of a dark color. Have them children use white crayons or chalk to draw the sky at night. Or let the children use bobbi-pins to punch constellation holes in the shade. When you hold the shade up to a window the light will shine through to make starlight. 2. Splatter white paint on black or blue paper or use a spray bottle to create a starry night picture. Children can add moon or constellation with a paint brush or crayons. 3. Do night/day pictures by placing a dark sheet of paper next to a light piece of paper. Have the children glue on appropriate clothing items on each page. Cut a big circle from yellow construction paper. Glue onto blue construction paper. Draw a happy face on circle and draw rays around sun. Tear yellow foam egg cartons into small pieces and glue along rays you have drawn. Yellow powdered tempera, salt or sand, shaker containers, rock, Q-tips, Glue Mix powdered yellow tempera paint with salt or sand and pour it into shaker containers. Give each of the children a rock that has a smooth surface. Give them use Q-Tips to draw suns on their rocks with white glue. Then let them sprinkle the yellow salt or sand over the glue. Color a piece of paper with yellow crayon. Mix a small amount of liquid soap into black paint (soap helps paint stick to waxy crayon). Paint over the yellow crayon. Let dry. When dry scratch off paint to make stars and moons. On a sunny day get the children to draw around a shadow – in the morning, at noon and in the evening. During this time they can see the different things shadows do and where they move. A clock can be made with a circle of cardboard or a paper plate, a paper fastener and something for the hands for example leaves. Put the hands of the made clock on a selected time and place it next to a real clock. Then watch the clocks from time to time till they read the same time. (Helps develop the concept of time passing). Staple two paper plates together back-to-back. Get the children to paint on side black and sprinkle it with gold glitter, then paint the other side a bright colour. Potato print with star and moon shapes. Let the children roller paint a sheet of paper with black paint and then while wet sprinkle with gold glitter or when dry use glue and gold glitter. String paint with a piece of string dipped in black paint. Paint a paper cylinder black and then glue on foil shapes of stars and moons. Place a piece of paper in the bottom of a baking tray or small box. Add a bit of black paint and some golf ball or marbles. Then the children move these backwards and forwards to spread the paint and make a pattern. Use foam paint rollers over the top of paper or plastic doilies. Do this on colored or white or colored paper. Lift of for an interesting pattern. Use cotton balls with black paint. Use black paint on an easel. Make black Playdough. Make star gazers out of toilet paper rolls and wax paper. Color with glow in the dark crayons. Talk about Night Animals and what they do. Owl babies is a great book for night time animals. Discuss animal sleeping habits. Find out what animals sleep during the day and are awake at night. What animals are heard first thing in the morning? Where do animals sleep and in what position do they sleep? Choose some animals to pantomime while they are asleep. Decorate boxes like little beds for their stuffed animals. Make night pictures with blue or black construction paper. Have the children put anything on the paper that relates to the sky. I did this with my preschool class (3 year olds) and then we wrote planet stories too. I did a lot of things with planets. We made a planet out of paper mache. The children drew their own planets and told me stories about their planets. Day and Night Games and Activities All Night and All Day 1. Collect pictures of children, families and animals involved in activities related to nighttime (sleeping, wearing pajamas, using flashlights, animals in the dark) and daytime (playing outside, hiking, animals in daylight). 2. Laminate or cover with clear self-adhesive paper for durability if desired. 3. Put the pictures out in a basket or shoe box for kids to look at on their own, during circle time talk with them about the activities in the pictures. 4. Divide a poster board or large sheet of paper into two sections. On one side draw a large sun, blue sky and on the other side draw a dark sky with moon and stars. 5. Encourage kids to place the pictures of daytime activities on the “sunny side” and the night pictures on the “dark side”. Basic Concepts to Teach: -A whole day lasts 24 hours and consists of both day (light) and night (dark). -The sun rises in the east, is high in the sky by noon, and sets in the west. -The sun is a big star. It gives off light and heat all the time. -It is lighter and warmer during the day because our part of the earth is turned toward the sun then. -Daytime is from the times rises (sunrise) until the sun sets (sunset). -Nighttime is from the time the sun sets until the sun rises. -Sometimes the daylight lasts longer than the darkness (in summer) and at other times the darkness lasts longer than the light (in winter). -At night it is darker and colder because our part of the earth is turned away from the sun then. -Night is nice (stress pleasant aspects of night.) It is a good time to sleep and rest. -When it is day in our half of the work, it is night in the other part of the work. -The time between sunrise and noon (midday) is called morning. The time between noon and the evening meal is called afternoon and the time after sunset is called night. -People wear different clothes for the many things they do during the day and night such as work clothes, play clothes, party clothes, night clothes (pajamas). -The stars shine all the time. We do not see the stars in the daytime because the sunlight is so bright that we cannot see them. -Most stars are so far away that we see them as tiny dots of light at night. -Some stars look like they are groups together. These groups are called constellations. -The moon is an object (satellite) that orbits our earth. -The moon shines at night because the sunshine is reflecting off of it. The light we see is called moonlight. -Clouds may hide the sun and stars from our view. -The sun may cause our skin to become tan or to burn. Vocabulary to Introduce: Call attention to the children’s shadows and the shadows of other objects. Measure the children’s shadows in the morning, at noon, and before they leave in the afternoon, all at the same spot. Pound a long stick in the ground in an open spot. Measure the length of its shadow at different times of the day. Discuss why this happens with the children. Indoors, have the children look for their shadows. Use a flashlight as the sun and a stand up doll as a person. Let each child discover how to make long and short shadows on all sides of the doll. How do you make the shadow disappear? Use a bright light on a movie screen, sheet or a light colored wall and let the children make shadow pictures. Heat of the Sun: Discuss how the sun burns us. This can be a good time to introduce the use of sunblock and sunglasses to protect our eyes and skin. The children can stand in the sun and then in the shade to feel the difference in temperature. A teacher can demonstrate how the sun can burn by using a magnifying glass to burn a hole in a piece of paper. Day and Night: On a globe, place a small paper figure on the location of where you live. Stick a paper figure on the opposite side too. Darken the room and use a flashlight to represent the sun. Turn the globe slowly. The children can observe what causes day and night. If possible darken an area of the room with drapes, sheets over a card table, turning off a light. You can set up the room in daytime areas and nighttime areas with appropriate dress-up clothing. Plan a slumber party day, when the children can wear their pajamas, slippers, etc to school and bring a favorite blanket, sleeping bag or stuffed animal to cuddle. You can talk about any nighttime fears and read There’s a Nightmare in My Closet or There’s an Alligator Under My Bed by Mercer Mayer. I See Something What Do You See? I see something round like the moon; black like the night; yellow light the sun; pointed like a star. Match Them: use cut outs of the sun, stars, and phases of the moon to match shapes. If you cut them out of wallpaper samples, you can match by patterns or colors. Ready for bed: Find out what each child does before going to bed. Ask questions like who takes a bath? Who listens to a story? Talk about the different ways everyone gets ready for bed. Have on hand some of the things children might use when getting ready for bed. Some suggestions are a toothbrush, toothpaste, washcloth, soap, book, glass of water and blanket. Ask the children to recall and share their bedtime routines. Use the props to act them out. This is a good activity for sequencing. Read story, flannel board re-telling and then set up Goodnight Moon Room with all the objects set up like the book. Have children bring flashlights to school and as you re-tell the story have them shine flashlights on the objects. Day and Night on the Globe One good way to show why we have night and day is to take a globe that spins on its base and a flashlight (to be the Sun) into a dark room or hallway. Hold the flashlight far enough away that it will light up half the globe at once, and then have a helper spin the globe slowly. (Make sure it’s spinning in the correct direction – from West to East!) Everywhere that is lit up is having day, and everywhere that is dark is having night. This is a nice visual way to explain the concept. Day and Night Recipes and Snacks Sunshine Breakfast Biscuits Use 1 package refrigerator biscuits. Pat each biscuit into a 3″ circle. Place on a greased cookie sheet. To make the rays of the sun, press a plastic knife into the dough, not cutting through. Press your thumb into the center of each biscuit and drop about 1/2 tsp. orange marmalade into depression. Bake at 450 degrees for 6-8 minutes. Day and Night Songs, Poems and Finger Plays On a warm, calm, summer night, You might see a yellow light Dart in the air from bush to tree. Whatever can that bright light be? Go get a jar, with a lid that’s tight, And try to catch your own night light! Big yellow moon shines so bright, (Arms above head in circle shape.) Glides across the starry night, (Arms move from left to right.) Looks down at me (Hand shades eyes.) Asleep in bed, (Hands together at side of face.) Whispers, “Good night, sleepyhead.” (Forefinger in front of mouth.) Big yellow moon, your turn is done. (Arms above head move down in front of body.) Here comes Mr. Morning Sun. (Arms move above head in circle shape.) I wake up. (Arms stretch out.) You go to bed. (Hands together at side of face.) “Sleep well, Moon, you sleepyhead.” (Forefinger in front of mouth.) Music: Sing Twinkle , Twinkle , Little Star. Too Many in the Bed Sing or chant: There were three in the bed (hold up three fingers) And the little one said “Roll over, roll over” So they all rolled over and one fell out. There were two in the bed (hold up two fingers) And the little one said “Roll over, roll over” So they all rolled over and one fell out. There was one in the bed (hold up pinky) And the little one said “Good Night” (place hand to head pretend to be asleep) Have the kids practice rolling on the round for related motor skills activity. Can start the verse with five or ten, depending on age group. Can also use felt figures and flannel board to illustrate. Look at pictures of different animals and people sleeping. Talk about the position (laying down, curled up, standing up, upside down) and where the creature is sleeping (bed, floor, cave, tree). Encourage the kids to pretend to be different people and animals sleeping while singing verses (to “Mulberry Bush”) This is the way the baby sleeps, The baby sleeps, the baby sleeps (curl up with knees to chest) This is the way the baby sleeps In his little crib! This is the way the daddy sleeps . . . (on back, arms outstretched) In his big bed! This is the way the dogs sleep (lay on side) On the floor! This is the way the horses sleep (on hands and knees with head down) In the barn! This is the way the ducks sleep (stand on one leg with head down) In the tall grass! End the activity with: This is the way that I sleep (any position) In my bed! (pretend to sleep for a few seconds). Dear Reader: You can help us make this theme even better! All of our theme ideas have come from our imagination and from reader submissions. Please use this form to contact us if you have crafts, activities, games, recipes, songs or poems that you would like us to add to this theme.

When we focus on learning, we usually focus on what we are including in our reasoning (learning and knowledge acquisition are often seen as similar concepts). Most often, we associate learning with gaining. Lately, I’m finding increased value in determining the role of exclusion in learning. What we choose to exclude in order to learn may provide as much information as what we actually include. It’s commonly accepted that our learning filters through some type of framework. This framework is an aggregation of personal beliefs, experiences, existing knowledge, and emotional intelligence. As an example, (if we can briefly utilize stereotypes for illustration purposes) conservatives are usually perceived as business focused, whereas liberals are perceived as people (or social issue) focused. These political worldviews shape and influence the type of information that penetrates into our active region of thinking and deliberation. Often, we exclude from thought those concepts which are strongly antagonistic to views we already hold. Back to the stereotypes of conservatives/liberals – when these two groups engage in dialogue, they are largely speaking past each other. Instead of embracing each other in an attempt to understand what is really being said, the debate centers on what each party has included in their thinking…while focusing on what the other party has excluded in their thinking. The conservative promotes the value of business, the liberal the value of social structures. The conservative criticizes the liberal’s lack of business focus; the liberal criticizes the conservative’s lack of social focus. We argue our points of inclusion and criticize the points of exclusion in the reasoning of others. Similarly, we are uniquely susceptible to logical fallacies in domains in which we have strong beliefs. The stronger our beliefs, the more susceptible we are to fallacies. Moving back to politics – we are often very forgiving of errors within our personal party. We are not very compassionate to errors in “the other party”. This is particularly the case when we are espousing personal theories. When I’m discussing connectivism with colleagues, I’m aware of my willingness to forgive cognitive conflicts in my own theory. I’m much more critical of the shortcomings of behaviourism, cognitivism, or constructivism. Why is that? Why do our cognitive processes function in a domino fashion (see Ideas as Corridors)? Why is it so hard for liberals to see value in conservative views (and vice versa)? The process of exclusion is a vital learning process. We cannot possibly consider every facet of a new idea. We exclude in order to be able to move to the point of active cognitive interaction with an idea. Exclusion occurs during the filtering process. What we choose to ignore speaks to our larger worldview (beliefs and values). When we are trying to influence the values of others (for example, in helping students learn about other cultures), we spend our time trying to get the learner to acquire new mindsets. We need to take a step back and focus on what is happening during the filtering process. By analyzing what we exclude in our own reasoning, we are able to gain a better understand of our own learning process. It’s unrealistic to regularly evaluate our core beliefs and values, but a periodic evaluation may provide the ability for more effective learning in general. What we ignore in learning can be a valuable tool to ensure that our perspectives are properly balanced (and at minimum acknowledge the existence of other viewpoints contrary to our own). Sometimes, the ability to step out of our thought corridor, and into the corridor of an “opponent”, can lead to deep insight and understanding. Not all learning (or cognitive activity) is logical. The choice to include/exclude information may be the point were emotional intelligence exerts its greatest influence. Thoughts?

175 years of memorable, horrible, humorous and remarkable events that shaped Chicago Chicago (Zbigniew Bzdak / July 1, 2011) 1850: City planks 6.7 miles of streets, including 12,000 feet of State Street. 1851: Public Water Board organized to handle recurring cholera epidemics. 1852: First public transportation (a large horse-drawn carriage). 1853: YMCA expands to Chicago. 1854: Lakeview is promoted as a pleasant summer retreat away from city's disease and heat. 1855: Lager Beer Riots in April protest higher saloon taxes and anti-beer laws. 1855: Allan Pinkerton opens his detective agency 1856: City raises streets out of the swamp. 1856: Fort Dearborn is demolished. 1857: Allan Pinkerton's men thwart a grave-robbing scheme by a city official. 1858: Police force gets uniforms and fire department switches from volunteer to paid. 1859: First horse-drawn street railway, or horsecars, begins operation. 1860: Republicans meeting in the Wigwam nominate Abraham Lincoln for president. 1861: The Chicago Zouaves, Irish Brigade and Lincoln Rifles are among companies to march off to fight in Civil War. 1862: Camp Douglas converted to prison for rebel soldiers. 1863: First National Bank of Chicago founded. 1863: Rush Street bridge collapses, killing a girl and scores of cattle. 1864: Free mail delivery begins. 1865: Union Stock Yards open.

The RC5 cryptography challenge (link: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA_Secret-Key_Challenge) was originally started by RSA Laboratories as a worldwide contest to decode a cipher by finding the secret cryptographic key using a brute-force approach. The 72-bit version of the same contest continues today, conducted by distributed.net -- one of the oldest open public distributed computing projects on the internet. Professor Gaurav Khanna of the Physics Department and Associate Director of the Center for Scientific Computing and Visualization Research (CSCVR), and computer technician Glenn Volkema, have built a novel supercomputer using consumer video-gaming components (over a hundred Sony PlayStations and multiple AMD Radeon graphics-cards) that has enabled the campus' rank to soar to the absolute top of the RC5-72 contest participant list. This unique system is generating approximately 50 billion keys per second and is slated to have a 1 in 10 chance for winning the contest all by itself! The supercomputer has been built to study various astrophysical problems associated to binary black hole systems and gravitational radiation. Physics Department graduate students, Tyler Spilhaus and William Duff are already utilizing the system extensively for their research projects in this context. In addition, Computer and Information Science major, Violette Pfeiffer will be using the system to study different aspects of cryptography and cybersecurity. Author: "Dr. Gaurav Khanna [Contact]" Submitted by: Dr. Ramprasad Balasubramanian Department: College Of Engineering

A prepaid expense is an advance payment made with a reasonable, certain anticipation of a future expense. Because the advance payment is for a future expense that has not occurred, it is classified as a current asset on the balance sheet of a business. Quarterly tax estimates, insurance premiums and retainer fees are among the pre-paid expenses often found on a company's balance sheet and reconciled on a monthly basis. Insurance premiums for corporate insurance policies are typically paid a year in advance. The advance payment is recorded on the balance sheet as a current asset. You would debit, or increase, the prepaid insurance account and credit, or decrease, the cash account. At the time of this advance payment, no entries are made to the expense account since the insurance coverage period has not yet begun. After the coverage period begins and the premium is used and incurred monthly, the prepaid insurance account is credited, or decreased, while the actual expense account is debited, or increased. Corporations pay estimated federal and state income taxes each quarter based on their quarterly estimated taxable income. On the balance sheet, a debit is made to the prepaid taxes account and a credit is made to the cash account. When a corporation determines its true tax liability at the filing of the annual tax return, overpayments can remain in the balance of the prepaid tax account. Underpayments will decrease the prepaid tax account balance and increase the accounts payable account. A prepaid rent account is set up when a business pays rent in advance of the current rental and balance sheet period. This future payment is recorded on the balance sheet as a current asset. You would debit, or increase, the prepaid rent account credit, or decrease, the cash account. Once the rental period for which the advance payment was made has begun, the prepaid rent account will be decreased by a credit for the rent amount, while the rent expense account will be increased by a debit for the same amount. No entries are made to cash at this time since the actual cash transaction occurred at the time of the advance payment. Prepaid Legal Fees A legal retainer is the advanced payment made to secure the legal services of an attorney. The set fee typically includes a contracted number of hours and services. It is recorded as a debit to the prepaid legal fees account and a credit to the cash account. When legal services are provided by the attorney, you would credit the prepaid legal fee account and debit the legal fees expense account. - Comstock/Comstock/Getty Images

– An Easy Method For Learning To Play The Harmonica The Fascinating History of The Harmonica Tablature harmonica notation was invented during the 19th century. Free-reed instruments were well known throughout Asia and somewhat known throughout Europe at that time. In 1820, free-reed instruments started being developed in Europe. Christian Friedrich Ludwig Buschmann is often cited as the inventor of the harmonica, but other inventors developed similar instruments around the same time. The first harmonica appeared in Vienna, and Richter tuning was a common feature from the start. By the late 19th century harmonicas had became a mass production market, with new designs such as the chromatic harmonica, the bass harmonica, and the chord harmonica coming on to the scene. Harmonica Players of Old Times Harmonicas rapidly became popular in the United States when harmonica manufacturer Hohner shipped some harmonicas to his relatives in the states in 1857. President Lincoln carried a harmonica in his pocket while Wyatt Earp and Billy The Kid played the harmonica. In the 1920s, the first recordings of harmonicas were made, primarily for the black and poor white markets down south, with solo recordings being made by Deford Bailey and duo recordings being made by guitarists Hammie Nixon, Walter Horton, and Sonny Terry. In the 1930s, the harmonica saw more respect as a musical instrument when it was utilized by famous composers such as Ralph Vaughan Williams, Malcolm Arnold, Darius Milhaud and Arthur Benjamin for classical works of music. The 1950s saw the harmonica being used in blues music, during which several musicians such as Big Walter Horton and Stevie Wonder helped further develop the artistry of harmonica play. Harmonicas In Recent Times Contemporary artists have continued to push the envelope in harmonica play, and the harmonica is now being integrated in to rock as well as blues music. The harmonica is also popular in Europe and Japan. Additionally, the harmonica has been employed in many pulmonary rehabilitation programs due to its resemblance to the kind of exercises used to rehabilitate COPD patients. Harmonica Festivities Word Wide Every four years the World Harmonica Festival is held in Germany where the Hohner harmonica company is located. The Asia Pacific Harmonica Festival is also held regularly and was hosted by China in 2008. There is also a harmonica contest in Idaho every August called the Yellow Pine Harmonica Contest that has been running since 1989. Other Free Reed Instruments There are other free-reed instruments that have developed over the years alongside the harmonica. Some of these instruments are the concertina, the diatonic accordion, the chromatic accordion, and the melodica. Harmonica Tabular Notation Harmonicas use tablature notation, which is a form of notation that indicates where the notes are played on the instrument as opposed to indicating pitches with circles and note heads printed on a staff (like standard notation). Tabulature makes it easier for beginners to learn to play the harmonica thanks to it indicating the placement of notes directly on the instrument. No matter what style of harmonica you play, chances are you will enjoy the ease with which it can be learned, the exercise that comes with blowing and drawing on its chambers, and the pride in learning a new instrumental wonder.

Fitness is a concept that describes an overall healthy state of the body. It reposes on several elements that need to be gathered and maintained to achieve the fit state. As it is a concept th. at is related to human being, it inherits the variability according age and gender. Also, everyone don’t have the same criteria for considering one’s self as fit. Commonly, there are some conventional aspects that are set to determine the fitness levels. Along with the criteria, achieving fitness responds to several rules ; the process requires a definite fitness program that should respect the overall individual situation. Fitness program: do you need one? Fitness is an average score that you obtain when performing several tests. The test should tell you whether you need a fitness program or no; also it is possible to determine what aspect to consider in your program. Of course, tests are set to match your age and gender; men and women may pass the same tests but with little differences that affect the amplitude and the periods. Brief, they do not suffer the same rates and ranges of values. Some tests to perform are: - Push up test: women are allowed to adopt the bent knee position, set to test the triceps and the chest. - Abdominal tests: the number of repetition differs whether the subject is male or female. This group include the kraus weber test. - Agility test: targets the speed and the ability of avoiding obstacles along the way. - Balance test: consists in maintaining a certain position for a given period of time. The fitness program would eventually target the unfitting aspect determined through the tests’ results. It is advised to set the program in cooperation with your physician and/or trainer. Fitness program elements: According the tests’ results analysis, the physician is called to set up the appropriate fitness program that wold help the subject to achieve the best of his potential. The program is supposed to be as complete as possible and has to respect the individual specificity. It may introduce new dietary habits, new lifestyle and may also require some fitness equipments (home fitness equipments) - Fitness nutrition: it is important to know that nutrition plays a critical role in fitness achievement. In fact, the best fitness program has to include the proper diet to supply the body with the essential elements to boost the results naturally. For example, if you need to lose weight, you will be avoiding fat foods and eating ingredients with balanced load of glucids, proteins and fibers. - Fitness workout: fitness program includes well scheduled fitness workout sessions. Actually, it is important to know your potential and try not to over do it not to exhaust the muscles and lead to unwanted outcomes. The workout sessions have to be alternated with sufficient rest periods allowing the body to recover. - Fitness equipment: it is also important to have fitness equipment that helps achieving the results. For example, choosing the accurate fitness gear is not a simple task and should be conducted carefully. Obviously, setting a fitness program is like going on medicine; the better is to get the it prescribed. But, it is not that dangerous to set your own program. It is important to maintain the pace and persevere in order to obtain the maximum results.

Stainless steel is a popular material for producing tableware due to its durability, corrosion resistance, and ease of cleaning. It is an alloy composed primarily of iron, with varying levels of other elements such as chromium, nickel, molybdenum, and carbon. The chemical composition of stainless steel can affect its properties, making it an optimal choice for various applications. Chromium is the most critical element for stainless steel as it creates a passive layer that protects the metal against corrosion and oxidation. The higher the chromium content, the more corrosion-resistant the steel. Nickel, on the other hand, increases resistance to acids and alkalis, making stainless steel more suitable for use in aggressive environments. Another element commonly used in stainless steel production is molybdenum, which improves resistance to pitting corrosion, especially in chloride-rich environments. Carbon is added to increase hardness and strength, while nitrogen aids in improving resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion. Stainless steel has many advantages over other materials used in tableware production. It is incredibly durable, meaning it can withstand high temperatures, wear, and tear. Stainless steel is also non-reactive with food, meaning it does not affect the taste or aroma of the food served in it. Furthermore, this material is easy to clean and maintain, requiring only soap and water to clean. It is also resistant to staining, scratching, and rusting, making it a cost-effective and long-lasting option for restaurants, hotels, and households. However, there are some disadvantages of using stainless steel for tableware production. It is a poor conductor of heat, so it is not recommended to use it to serve hot liquids. Stainless steel can also be clunky and heavy, making it challenging to handle for some people. Lastly, while it is corrosion-resistant, it is not entirely corrosion-proof and can still rust or corrosion if exposed to harsh environments or inappropriate usage. Overall, stainless steel is an ideal material for tableware production and has become a staple in the foodservice industry. However, it is essential to consider the chemical composition and properties of the steel to ensure it meets specific needs. With proper care and maintenance, stainless steel tableware can last for years, providing a durable and cost-effective option for all your foodservice needs. Zirconium metal is a strong and corrosion-resistant material that is highly valued in many industries due to its unique combination of chemical and mechanical properties. It has a high melting point, is ductile, and has excellent thermal and electrical conductivity. Chemically, zirconium is known for its strong resistance to corrosion, particularly in acidic environments. This makes it an ideal choice for applications such as nuclear reactors, where it is used to create fuel cladding and other components that must withstand high levels of radiation and extreme temperatures. In addition to its use in nuclear applications, zirconium metal is also commonly used in the aerospace, chemical, and medical industries. It has excellent biocompatibility, and is often used in medical implants and instruments due to its strength and resistance to corrosion. One supply case for zirconium metal is the US-based company Nuclear Fuels Services Inc, which supplies zirconium alloys to the nuclear industry for use in fuel rods and other critical components. They also offer a range of other nuclear materials and services. Overall, zirconium metal is a versatile and reliable material with a range of applications across many industries. Its unique chemical and mechanical properties make it an ideal choice for challenging environments where strength, durability, and corrosion resistance are critical factors. Stainless steel brushing, also known as satin finishing or matte finishing, is a surface treatment process that enhances the appearance and durability of stainless steel products. The process involves the use of abrasive materials to create a consistent, smooth matte finish on the surface of the metal. Typically, stainless steel brushing is performed using a rotary brush or belt sander loaded with abrasive materials such as silicon carbide or aluminum oxide. These materials are applied to the surface of the metal in a controlled manner to achieve the desired finish. One of the primary benefits of stainless steel brushing is its ability to improve corrosion resistance. The surface of stainless steel products that have been brushed is less likely to rust or corrode than other finishes. This makes it an ideal choice for products that are exposed to high moisture environments or harsh chemicals. Additionally, stainless steel brushing enhances the appearance of products, making them more attractive and professional-looking. The surface of brushed stainless steel is aesthetically pleasing and can add value to architectural, automotive, and industrial applications. Moreover, stainless steel brushing is a relatively inexpensive process that offers long-lasting results. The finish is durable and can withstand wear and tear, making it ideal for high-traffic areas. It is also easy to clean and maintain, requiring only a damp cloth or mild soap and water. Finally, stainless steel brushing is a sustainable process that can be used for recycling stainless steel products. The process removes any existing rust or contaminants from the surface, leaving the metal clean and ready to be repurposed without the use of harsh chemicals or other harmful materials. In conclusion, stainless steel brushing is a valuable process that provides numerous benefits to the industrial, manufacturing, and architectural industries. Its ability to improve corrosion resistance, enhance appearance, and increase durability make it an ideal finishing option. Moreover, it is a cost-effective and sustainable process that can be used for both new and recycled products. GH4145 alloy steel is a high-temperature, corrosion-resistant material that is widely used in the aerospace, petrochemical, and power generation industries. Produced by TJC Steel, this alloy steel is known for its excellent mechanical properties and high strength-to-weight ratio. The chemical composition of GH4145 alloy steel typically includes nickel, chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, titanium, and aluminum. These elements work together to provide the material with exceptional resistance to high temperatures and corrosion, making it suitable for use in harsh environments. In terms of mechanical properties, GH4145 alloy steel boasts impressive strength and toughness, with a yield strength of 550 MPa and a tensile strength of 965 MPa. It also has good creep resistance, which allows it to withstand high temperatures for extended periods of time without degrading. GH4145 alloy steel is commonly used in applications that require high strength and excellent corrosion resistance, such as gas turbine components, jet engine parts, and chemical processing equipment. It is also used in power generation, where its resistance to high temperatures and corrosive environments make it a preferred material for steam turbines and other power plant components. TJC Steel is a leading supplier of GH4145 alloy steel, offering a wide range of products in various sizes and specifications. The company prides itself on its commitment to quality and customer satisfaction, ensuring that each product meets the highest standards of excellence. In conclusion, GH4145 alloy steel is a versatile and durable material that is well-suited for a range of demanding applications. With its excellent chemical composition and mechanical properties, as well as its resistance to high temperatures and corrosion, it is an ideal material for use in the aerospace, petrochemical, and power generation industries. TJC Steel is a trusted supplier of this material, offering high-quality products and exceptional customer service to meet the needs of its clients. Nickel-based alloy steel, also known as Inconel steel, is a type of high-performance alloy steel with excellent resistance to corrosion, high temperature, and wear. It is composed mainly of nickel, chromium, and other trace elements such as molybdenum, iron, titanium, and copper. One of the main characteristics of nickel-based alloy steel is its outstanding chemical stability and resistance to corrosion. This type of steel is highly resistant to oxidation, acid attack, and alkali erosion, even in extreme environments such as high-temperature environments or exposure to harsh chemicals. This makes it an ideal choice for industries such as chemical processing, petrochemicals, and nuclear power, where equipment must remain resilient in harsh environments. Another significant advantage of nickel-based alloy steel is its ability to withstand high temperatures with excellent mechanical strength. It has a high melting point, a low thermal expansion coefficient, and excellent creep resistance, making it an ideal choice for high-temperature applications. This type of steel is often used in aerospace structures, gas turbines, and oil drilling equipment, where high temperatures often occur. Nickel-based alloy steel also has excellent mechanical properties, such as high tensile strength and durability. This type of steel can withstand heavy loads, high pressure, and high impact forces without permanently bending or breaking down. It is commonly used in the manufacturing of springs, valves, pumps, and turbine blades. In conclusion, nickel-based alloy steel is a high-performance steel with outstanding chemical stability and mechanical properties. It is widely used in industries such as aerospace, petrochemicals, nuclear power, and manufacturing. With its ability to withstand high temperatures, harsh environments, and heavy loads, it is continually breaking new ground in the field of engineering. TJC Steel is a leading manufacturer and supplier of GH4169 alloy steel, which is widely used in various industrial applications. This high-strength steel boasts excellent resistance to oxidation and corrosion, making it ideal for use in extreme environments. GH4169 alloy steel is composed of a range of elements, including nickel, chromium, titanium, aluminum, and iron. These elements work together to give the alloy its unique properties, which include exceptional high-temperature strength, superior corrosion resistance, and good weldability. In terms of mechanical properties, GH4169 alloy steel has a tensile strength of 1250-1350 MPa, a yield strength of 1080-1180 MPa, and an elongation of 20-25%. It also has excellent fatigue and creep resistance, which makes it suitable for use in components that are subjected to high stress and cyclic loading. GH4169 alloy steel is commonly used in the aerospace, marine, and petrochemical industries due to its high strength, corrosion resistance, and thermal stability. It can be found in a wide range of applications, including turbine blades, combustion chambers, exhaust systems, and heat exchangers. TJC Steel is committed to providing high-quality GH4169 alloy steel products to its customers worldwide. With years of experience in the industry and a team of dedicated professionals, TJC Steel has built a reputation for excellence in product quality, customer service, and technical support. Our products are certified to international quality standards and meet customer requirements in terms of size, shape, and performance. In conclusion, GH4169 alloy steel is a highly versatile and durable material suitable for a wide range of applications. TJC Steel is proud to offer top-quality GH4169 alloy steel products to its customers, and we are confident that our cutting-edge technology, superior quality, and competitive pricing will meet your needs and expectations. Contact us today to learn more about our products and services. Multiple core tubes, also known as multicore tubes, are critical pieces of equipment used in various industrial applications. They consist of multiple tubes bundled into a single unit, and each tube has its own individual pathway, making them excellent for transporting different types of materials simultaneously. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive introduction to multiple core tubes, including their chemical composition, primary applications, and relevant supply cases. Chemical Composition of Multiple Core Tubes Multiple core tubes are composed of different materials depending on the intended application. They can be made of PVC, nylon, or other plastic polymers that can withstand high pressure and temperatures. The tubes can also be reinforced with steel or other metals to provide additional strength and durability. The material selection also depends on the chemical compatibility with the substance being transported to ensure that the tubes do not break down or corrode over time. Primary Applications of Multiple Core Tubes Multiple core tubes are used in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, chemical processing, and water treatment. In the pharmaceutical industry, they are used to transport different liquid drugs to the packaging line, packaging multiple sachets or vials simultaneously. In the food and beverage industry, they can be used to transport different types of fluids such as syrup, water, and fruit juice to mixtures for processing. In chemical processing plants, multiple core tubes are used to safely transport different corrosive chemicals at the same time. Relevant Supply Cases of Multiple Core Tubes Multiple core tubes are commonly supplied to many industries by manufacturers and distributors. For instance, one of the leading manufacturers in North America is NewAge Industries, which produces multicore tubes made from various materials such as PVC, polyurethane, and polyethylene with different specifications. The tubes can be designed with different lengths, diameters, and colors to suit different user needs. Multiple core tubes are essential equipment in various industrial applications, thanks to their ability to transport different fluids at the same time. They are made of different materials depending on the intended use and are supplied by various manufacturers worldwide. As new industrial applications emerge, multiple core tubes will continue to play a critical role in making manufacturing and production processes more efficient and cost-effective. 434 stainless steel/iron is a type of ferritic stainless steel that has a higher chromium content compared to other ferritic stainless steels. The chemical composition of 434 stainless steel/iron includes a minimum of 16% to a maximum of 18% chromium and 0.75% nickel. The alloy also contains molybdenum and titanium elements that improve its strength and resistance to corrosion. The mechanical properties of 434 stainless steel/iron include high tensile and yield strength, excellent ductility, and toughness. It has a lower thermal conductivity and a higher coefficient of thermal expansion, making it suitable for high-temperature applications. Additionally, it has good oxidation resistance and is highly resistant to stress corrosion cracking. 434 stainless steel/iron has various applications in manufacturing and industrial sectors. Due to its superior corrosion resistance, it is widely used in the automotive industry for exhaust systems, mufflers, and catalytic converters. It is also used in the food and beverage industry for the manufacturing of equipment such as tanks, pipes, and fittings. In the architectural industry, 434 stainless steel/iron finds use in the construction of roofing and cladding systems. It is also used in the production of kitchen utensils, industrial equipment, and chemical processing plants. 434 stainless steel/iron is a durable and reliable material that finds multiple applications in various sectors. Its high corrosion resistance, strength, and toughness, make it a sought-after material for diverse industrial and manufacturing processes. 9Ni steel is a high-quality steel material with a chemical composition of 9% nickel. This unique steel material has excellent corrosion resistance, high-temperature resistance, and strength and toughness. Therefore, it is widely used in various industries. Chemical Composition: The main component of 9Ni steel is nickel, which contributes to its excellent corrosion resistance and high-temperature resistance. In addition, it contains certain amounts of carbon, silicon, and manganese elements, which have a significant impact on the strength and toughness of the steel. Application Scenarios: 9Ni steel is widely used in various industries, including marine engineering, oil and gas, aerospace, automobile manufacturing, and others. In marine engineering, 9Ni steel is used to manufacture ship structures and corrosion-resistant components due to its excellent corrosion resistance. In oil and gas industry, 9Ni steel is used to manufacture high-pressure vessels, pipes, and valves due to its high-temperature resistance. In aerospace industry, 9Ni steel is used to manufacture aircraft and spacecraft structures and high-temperature components due to its high strength and good toughness. In automobile manufacturing industry, 9Ni steel is also used to manufacture engine components and high-temperature components. Supply Cases: There are many suppliers of 9Ni steel worldwide. One example is a major steel producer in China. This company has been producing high-quality 9Ni steel for years and supplying it to various industries, including the automotive, aerospace, and oil and gas industries. Another example is a European steel company that has developed a new process for producing 9Ni steel, which has significantly reduced the cost of production and made it more competitive in the market. In conclusion, 9Ni steel is a highly versatile material with wide applications in various industries. Its excellent properties and extensive usage make it a must-have for industries seeking high-performance materials and components. JFE Steel is a renowned steel manufacturer that produces high-quality steel products for various industries. One of their notable products is the EH450 steel plate, which is known for its exceptional strength and durability. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive overview of JFE's EH450 steel plate, including its chemical composition, mechanical properties, advantages, primary applications, and relevant supply cases from our company. The EH450 steel plate is a low-alloy and abrasion-resistant steel that is primarily composed of carbon, manganese, chromium, and other elements. The chemical composition of this steel plate is as follows: - Carbon: 0.23% - Manganese: 1.70% - Silicon: 0.40% - Chromium: 1.50% - Nickel: 0.25% - Molybdenum: 0.25% - Phosphorus: 0.010% - Sulfur: 0.005% The EH450 steel plate has excellent mechanical properties, making it suitable for heavy-duty applications. The following are some of the essential mechanical properties of the EH450 steel plate: - Tensile strength: 1300 MPa - Yield strength: 1200 MPa - Elongation: 10% - Impact toughness: -40°C The EH450 steel plate has several advantages over other materials, including its exceptional strength, abrasion resistance, and weldability. It is also relatively lightweight, making it easy to handle and transport. The EH450 steel plate is commonly used in various industrial applications, ranging from mining to construction and beyond. Some of the primary applications of this steel plate include: - Dump truck bodies - Hopper liners - Excavator buckets - Chutes and skids Our Supply Cases At our company, we have supplied EH450 steel plates to several industries, including the mining and construction industry. One of our notable supply cases was in 2019 when we supplied EH450 steel plates to a mining company in Australia. The plates were used to manufacture dump truck bodies, which helped increase their durability and lifespan. The client was satisfied with the product quality and timely delivery. In conclusion, JFE's EH450 steel plate is a high-quality and durable material suitable for various heavy-duty applications. Its exceptional strength, abrasion resistance, and weldability make it a popular choice in the mining and construction industry. At our company, we are committed to supplying high-quality EH450 steel plates to meet our clients' needs. FROM SCALE STEEL

What started as a lesson plan more than 20 years ago, imagined by three Houston-area educators as a way to teach children about the Holocaust, has mushroomed into a worldwide phenomenon. The program calls for students to read poems and look at pictures made by children in the Terezín concentration camp – generally the last stop before Auschwitz – and then think about those children and make butterflies that are put on display. At the end of the book, when the students learn that most of those young authors and artists perished, 90 percent of the butterflies are cut down in a dramatic demonstration of the dangers of hatred, prejudice and apathy. It is estimated that 1.5 million children died between 1942 and 1944. Since “The Butterfly Project” began in 1995, even before Holocaust Museum Houston officially opened its doors, children and adults from every continent except Antarctica have contributed to the shared goal of making 1.5 million butterflies. Selections from this collection are on view at Holocaust Museum Houston in "Taking Flight: The Butterfly Project," curated by local artist and photographer Syd Moen. “They've been collecting butterflies for 20 years. That's incredible. It's overwhelming. You have no idea. There's three storage units,” says Moen. “Then it just sort of snowballed. It's just an exceptional project or a way to teach children about the Holocaust. [In the lesson plan], once the butterflies were done, the teacher would hang the butterflies from the ceiling and display them, and then at the very end of this book, they tell what happened to the children. “[Pavel Friedmann] wrote a poem called I never saw another butterfly . He was at Terezín, near Prague. That particular camp was sort of a show camp for propaganda reasons,” says Moen. Writers, artists, actors and musicians were sent to the camp, and many ended up as counselors and teachers who encouraged the children to write and draw. “I can imagine that for the children in the camp, creating art was a way for them to escape the situation or to put their feelings down in a way that they wouldn't get in trouble.” In Moen's own work, she is known for her little planets — stereographic projections of spherical panoramas that produce imaginary worlds. She is using one of her own little planets as a backdrop and destination for the art in this exhibit. The butterflies, hung from cables on black ribbons, float and wave as viewers move through the display. While only a few of the butterflies can be shown, the works come from both children and adults. “Some are stained glass, glass, ceramic; there are many crocheted ones, which the skill level is exceptional there. Some are painted. I can tell you that the staff and visitors that have seen me installing it are all thrilled. They've been living with the project for 20 years,” says Moen. “Some are from children, very poignant, very simple, and then there are some exquisite ones where you can tell that somebody really labored over them.” “Taking Flight: The Butterfly Project" opens February 12 and continues through July 31, at Holocaust Museum Houston, 5401 Caroline, open Monday to Friday, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.; Saturday, 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.; Sunday, noon to 5 p.m., 713-942-8000, hmh.org.

Last Thursday, we went to Ernie Miller for a class about the owls native to Kansas. The naturalists brought out four different kinds of native owls; a Barn Owl, a Screech Owl, a Barred Owl, and a Great Horned Owl. They also showed us how their feathers have combs in the end for soundless flying, a hollow bone, an owl talon, and an example of an owl skull to show how big the eye sockets are. The naturalist showed us that if our eyes to skull ratio was the same as an owl’s, our eyes would be the size of tennis balls! We were also able to see what an owl pellet looks like after it’s been dissected, and the kids were able to learn about the various habitats that each owl lives in and the best time of year to see them in the wild or neighborhoods. Afterwards, some of the families explored the exhibits, checked out the bird feeders, where the kids spotted Bluejays and Cardinals and the other rooms in the nature center. We’ll be back at Ernie Miller on February 5th for the Inspector Insector class. We still have a couple of spots open for families interested in attending.

Forget Bush’s “Vision For Space Exploration”, is it about time for some common sense? Just in case you were wondering about what NASA is supposed to be doing, you’re not alone. On Monday, Buzz Aldrin, Feng Hsu and Ken Cox submitted a scathing draft letter proposing a radical change to ex-President Bush’s 2004 Vision for Space Exploration, stating that “post-Apollo NASA” has become a “visionless jobs-providing enterprise that achieves little or nothing,” in the field of re-usable, affordable or safe space transportation. The authors also call into question that logic of returning to the lunar surface. Tough words, but are they right? As it turns out, only yesterday (Wednesday) the word from the White House was that the US will still be returning to the Moon in 2020, regardless of the short-falls of Bush’s 2004 Vision… It’s fairly easy to start throwing abuse at the US space agency these days. Although NASA has been at the brunt of much critique over the years, the volume of the protests seem to be getting louder. On the one hand, this isn’t surprising; we are fast approaching the retirement of the space shuttle (next year), and there will be a shortage of human-rated US launch systems to maintain the nation’s presence in space until the first Constellation Program launch in 2015. Five years of depending on Russia to get astronauts into space is a problem on so many levels, forcing NASA to think quick (over a few years) to find a solution. NASA has also been suffering attacks from ex-administrators, highlighting mismanagement and the squandering of funds. To an extent, the politics can defend mismanagement, citing space exploration as an expensive venture where new technology is being developed (is there little wonder that project managers slip up?). However, when economic times are tough, and every $2 million has to be accounted for by government departments, waste becomes a very big issue. To make matters worse, on Tuesday, a carbon emissions monitoring satellite failed after launch, dropping into the ocean off the coast of Antarctica. Although launch failures come with the territory of space exploration, the Orbital Carbon Observatory (OCO) loss is a damaging sting for NASA. The OCO cost over a quarter of a billion dollars ($270 million) to develop. What’s at the root cause of these troubles? NASA was never intended as a long-term space agency. That’s according to the authors of the “Unified Space Vision” (as opposed to the 2004 “Vision of Space Exploration”) in any case. I can understand the intent of this paper, but unfortunately, I think it oversteps the mark. I will take the time to study the detail of Buzz et al.’s suggestions for the Unified Space Vision, as I’m sure the trio will share a valuable insight to how NASA should progress, but I’m already frustrated by some of the arguments picked out by the New Scientist coverage of the letter (a cut-down version of the draft letter will be sent to President Obama for his consideration). The gist of the argument is that NASA lacks direction, and since we’ve already been to the Moon, why do we want to go back? Since the Apollo Program was cancelled in the early 1970’s, NASA’s mission was pretty much complete. It’s one and only aim, to get man to the Moon (thereby winning the Space Race), had been achieved. What then? What do you do with a space agency when it’s completed its mission? Rather than closing down the agency, it trundled on and gradually found its own direction, researching and developing space science technologies, pushing robots (not man) into space. In part, I believe the importance of a lunar return mission may have been over-hyped, but the Moon remains a very important stepping stone for the future of manned space exploration. I would argue that although NASA won the Space Race, the US government failed to realise the importance of a manned lunar presence. If space funding continued at Apollo-era levels, a lunar colony wouldn’t be a pipe dream in the 21st Century; we’d still be there. These are very easy things to say in hindsight, at the end of the day, with Soviet power crumbling in the 1970’s, the threat of strategic struggle for the stars was something reserved for 007 movies, not real life. NASA had fulfilled its task, planting the US flag on the Moon, cut-backs were inevitable. The Moon was no longer of political importance. That said, it would appear President Obama has seen the advantage of getting US astronauts back to the Moon by 2020. It was announced via Aviation Weekly that: The fiscal 2010 NASA budget outline to be released by the Obama Administration Feb. 26 adds almost $700 million to the out-year figure proposed in the fiscal 2009 budget request submitted by former President Bush, and sticks with the goal of returning humans to the moon by 2020. The $18.7 billion that Obama will request for NASA – up from $18.026 billion for fiscal 2010 in the last Bush budget request – does not include the $1 billion NASA will receive in the $787 billion stimulus package that President Barack Obama signed Feb. 16. Aviation Week has learned that in addition to the human-lunar return, Obama wants to continue robotic exploration with probes to Mars and other Solar System destinations, as well as a space telescope to probe deeper into the universe. — Frank Morring, Jr., Aviation Week We’ll see if Aldrin’s Unified Space Vision makes a difference, but it would appear President Obama remains very motivated to see an American back on the Moon in a decade. Source: New Scientist

In Greek mythology, Melampus, or Melampous ( Μελάμπους ) , son of Amythaon and Idomene , was a soothsayer and healer who could talk to animals. A number of pseudepigraphal works of divination circulated under his name. Melampus in Myth As a young boy, he told his servants not to kill two snakes. Grateful, the snakes gave Melampus the ability to speak with animals. Melampus lived in Pylos during the reign of Anaxagoras or possibly Proetus. The prince suffered from a strange malady and the king offered a reward for anybody that could heal him. Melampus killed an ox and talked to the vultures that came to eat the corpse. They said that the last time they had had such a feast was when the king made a sacrifice. They told Melampus that the prince had been frightened of the big, bloody knife and the king tossed it aside to calm the child. It had hit a tree and injured a hamadryad, who cursed the prince with the sickness. The hamadryad told Melampus that he boy would be healed if the knife was taken out of the trunk of the tree and boiled, then the rusty water that resulted dranken by the prince. Melampus followed her directions and demanded two thirds of the kingdom for himself, and one third for his brother, Bias. The king agreed. When the women of Argos were driven mad by Dionysus, in the reign of Anaxagoras or possibly Proetus, he was brought in to cure them, but demanded a third of the kingdom as payment. The king refused, but the women became wilder then ever, and he was forced to seek out Melampus again, who this time demanded both a third for himself and another third for his brother Bias. After this there were three kings ruling Argos at any time, one descended from each of Bias, Melampus, and Anaxagoras. Melampus was succeeded by his son Mantius, and his house of Melampus lasted down to the brothers Alcmaeon and Amphilochus, who fought in the Trojan War. Late in his life, Melampus was kidnapped. In his cell, he overheard two termites talking, claiming they would be finished eating through Melampus' ceiling the next morning. Melampus demanded a move and made such a ruckus that the kidnappers acquiesced. When the ceiling collapsed the next morning, the kidnappers decided he was a prophet and to hold on to him might offend the gods. They let him go. Beside the entrance to the sanctuary of Dionysus is the grave of Astycratea and Manto. They were daughters of Polyidus, son of Coeranus, son of Abas, son of Melampus, who came to Megara to purify Alcathous when he had killed his son Callipolis. ...In Aegosthena is a sanctuary of Melampus, son of Amythaon, and a small figure of a man carved upon a slab. To Melampus they sacrifice and hold a festival every year. They say that he divines neither by dreams nor in any other way. The Argives are the only Greeks that I know of who have been divided into three kingdoms. For in the reign of Anaxagoras, son of Argeus, son of Megapenthes, the women were smitten with madness, and straying from their homes they roamed about the country, until Melampus the son of Amythaon cured them of the plague on condition that he himself and his brother Bias had a share of the kingdom equal to that of Anaxagoras. Now descended from Bias five men, Neleids on their mother's side, occupied the throne for four generations down to Cyanippus, son of Aegialeus, and descended from Melampus six men in six generations down to Amphilochus, son of Amphiaraus. Bias wooed Pero, daughter of Neleus. But as there were many suitors for his daughter's hand, Neleus said that he would give her to him who should bring him the kine of Phylacus. These were in Phylace, and they were guarded by a dog which neither man nor beast could come near. Unable to steal these kine, Bias invited his brother to help him. Melampus promised to do so, and foretold that he should be detected in the act of stealing them, and that he should get the kine after being kept in bondage for a year. After making this promise he repaired to Phylace and, just as he had foretold, he was detected in the theft and kept a prisoner in a cell. Apollodorus, Library and Epitome 1.9.12 Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org" All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License Dictionary of Greek Mythology

Commedia performances essentially were a form of improvisational street theater. Individual street performers banded together to form traveling troupes, and the players developed their own chosen roles. The first record of a commedia troupe dates to 1545. The most famous early troupe, the Gelosi, was founded by a husband-and-wife team and performed from 1568 to 1604. Over time, universal stock characters were created: vecchi (old men/masters), a category which included Il Capitano, a bullying braggart in military uniform who is always revealed to be a secret coward; innamorati (young lovers), who must overcome obstacles thrown at them by the vecchi; and zanni (eccentric servants/ clowns, including Pierrot and Harlequin. This is the origin of the English word zany). |Renoir's "White Pierrot"| Although the basic parameters of character and plot were preplanned, all of the dialogue and some of the stage business would be improvised, which allowed talented actors to adapt their schtick to suit the preferences of particular audiences and to add topical humor to the mix. Just as in modern-day improv, the players had to be witty, flexible and creative. In short, the phenomenon of commedia dell'arte (literally, "comedy of professional artists") introduced the concept of professional actors to Italy, and from there, to the rest of Europe. |Watteau, "Italian Comedians"| And video games. Stay with me now. Role-playing: check. Stylized characters: check. Clearly identified good and bad guys: check. Need to improvise: check. In my opinion, all fans of role-playing games owe a debt of gratitude to these 16th-century innovators.

How wildlife crossings help manage wildlife movement in the face of rapid urbanization. Creating my own content for the Institute’s social media channels exposed me to a completely new side of the state. The invasive giant African land snail is back in the state! Expanding past its original range in South Florida, this mollusk was spotted in Pasco County, north of Tampa. Read on to learn more about this species and what to do if you spot them! It’s move-out season! Learn how to move out sustainably to save time and money and help the planet. Florida’s extensive coastlines provide incredible resources for the state’s residents, ecosystems, and economy. It also means the shores are very susceptible to erosion. Living shorelines are a management approach to provide erosion control and countless ecosystem benefits. Mangrove forests are highly productive and incredibly unique ecosystems that tolerate copious amounts of saltwater and are home to immense biodiversity. Unfortunately, they face threats from various sectors all across the state. The peak of sea turtle nesting season is almost here. Learn how to watch and protect the five species of sea turtles in Florida! Don’t let this plant’s beauty fool you! Water hyacinth, or Pontederia/Eichhornia crassipes, is a Category 1 Invasive in Florida and is currently wreaking havoc on freshwater ecosystems all across the state.

While technology in agriculture, for most people, is commonly limited to giant machines with internal combustion engines that block roads in the countryside for long periods as they crawl from field to field, a more current technology is taking a point of prominence for farmers. Machine-to-machine (M2M) technology is helping farmers overcome a wide variety of challenges that were often accepted as "part of the job" before M2M systems came into being. What kinds of problems are being solved by M2M use in farming? Several, as it turns out, starting with bats. While bats leave a lot of people with a good old-fashioned case of the heebie-jeebies, bats are actually not only safe around people (less than 1 percent actually carrying rabies), but helpful around crops, as they commonly eat their body weight in insects every single day. Many of these insects pose serious hazards to crops, and the equivalent in pesticides would cost billions of dollars to put into play. So what's a farm to do? Take advantage of the bats' bug-eating potential by using wireless M2M tracking devices to see where the bats are going and encourage them to stick around fields by offering accommodations like "bat houses" for them. Additionally, as many farms saw this summer, the proper use of irrigation can mean the difference between a good harvest and a wiped-out farm operation. But like anything else, the potential for waste is always there – irrigation commonly doesn't run itself – and using a remote monitoring system like those offered by McCrometer can help. Designed to operate safely in remote areas thanks to rugged construction and several different interface systems, remote monitoring systems allow farmers to more readily get the precious water that crops need to the crops that most need it without a lot of wasted time pumping water. Irrigation poses another problem for farms, though, as a bad economy drives some to stealing copper and other metals from the irrigation systems. Since they're often in remote locations, witnesses are few, and thieves can make off with the irrigation at minimal risk to themselves. Enter the WireRat, an M2M device that can detect missing cables and, wirelessly, transmit warnings by several different measures back to the owner so that steps can be taken to stop the thieves in progress. Even grapes are seeing advantages from M2M systems, with farmers taking advantage of a variety of different M2M systems to monitor weather and track changing conditions to better take advantage of the best weather conditions in which to perform certain tasks. Technology has changed virtually every market on Earth. From medicine to communications to even agriculture, more and more systems have been affected by improvements to the technology. It's not too surprising to see farmers make adaptations to the way they do business to match, even if few ever thought that that level of technology would be commonly available for farmers to use. The food that gets to our plates starts with farms, and so, seeing farms do better with improved technology is a move that we all can get behind. M2M is going to be a major part of that for some time to come, and that's something we can all ask for a second helping of. Want to learn more about M2M technologies? Don’t miss the M2M Evolution Conference, collocated with ITEXPO Miami 2013, Jan 29- Feb. 1 in Miami, Florida. Stay in touch with everything happening at M2M Evolution Conference. Follow us on Twitter.

Editor's Note: The following text is a verbatim transcription of an article written by George W. Murdock for the Kingston (NY) Daily Freeman newspaper in the 1930s. Murdock, a veteran marine engineer, wrote a regular column. Articles transcribed by HRMM volunteer Adam Kaplan. For more of Murdock's articles, see the "Steamboat Biographies" category at right. No. 79- A.B. VALENTINE The steamboat “A.B. Valentine” is another of the Hudson river vessels that began her career under a different name than the one which she bore when her days of sailing the waters of the river were ended. The original vessel was built in the early “forties” [1840s] - a wooden hull steamboat used in passenger service and running under the name “Santa Claus.” The “Santa Claus” ploughed the waters of the Hudson River in 1846 between New York and Albany as a day boat in the service of the People’s Line. In 1847, she ran for a short time between New York and Pierpont, [Piermont] and was later returned to the New York-Albany route. One notable feature of the “Santa Claus” was a painting which she displayed on her wheelhouses. This painting portrayed Santa Claus himself making his entrance into the chimney of a home - the spirit of the legend of old Saint Nick coming down the chimney with his sackful of toys at Christmas-tide. During the season of 1848 the “Santa Claus” carried passengers between Wilbur and New York in dayline service. At that early period there were few docks along the Rondout Creek and the section did not represent the beehive of activity which later developed. About the year 1853 Thomas Cornell of Rondout purchased the steamboat “Santa Claus” and converted her from a passenger-carrying vessel into a towboat. She ran under the Cornell banner as the “Santa Claus” until 1868. During the winter of 1869 the towboat “Santa Claus” was entirely rebuilt at Red Hook, South Brooklyn, and when she next appeared she carried the name of “A.B. Valentine,” in honor of the New York agent employed by Thomas Cornell. The dimensions of the “A.B. Valentine” were listed as follows: Length of hull, 205 feet; breadth of beam, 25 feet; depth of hold, 9 feet; gross tonnage, 308; net tonnage, 191; vertical beam engine with a cylinder diameter of 50 inches with a 10 foot stroke. The overhauling of the former ”Santa Claus” and its re-appearance as the “A.B. Valentine” gave the Cornell line a practically new steamboat. She was placed on the towing route between Rondout and New York, running on this route until the fall of 1887, taking the place of the “George A. Hoyt". The following spring the “A.B. Valentine” was placed in service between Rondout and Albany, towing in line with the towboat “Norwich,” under the command of Captain Jerry Patterson and with Andrew Barnett as chief engineer. She continued in service until the fall of 1901, when she seemed of no further use and was sold to J.H. Gregory of Perth Amboy, New Jersey. A peculiar coincidence in connection with the history of the steamboat “A.B. Valentine” is found in the fact that on the day she was sold to the wreckers, the man whose name she bore, died. A.B Valentine had served as superintendent of the Cornell Steamboat Company of New York for half a century. The “A.B. Valentine” left Rondout on her last voyage on December 17, 1901, sailing to Perth Amboy, where she was broken up. Cornell Steamboat Company towboat "A. B. Valentine", right, ca. 1880s, towing a string of barges in distance at left, with the help of a Cornell tug, center. The small boat at center left is a bumboat, or peddler's boat, which carried food and other supplies that people on the barges and tugs might want. HRMM Collection. George W. Murdock (b. 1853-d. 1940) was a veteran marine engineer who served on the steamboats "Utica", "Sunnyside", "City of Troy", and "Mary Powell". He also helped dismantle engines in scrapped steamboats in the winter months and later in his career worked as an engineer at the brickyards in Port Ewen. In 1883 he moved to Brooklyn, NY and operated several private yachts. He ended his career working in power houses in the outer boroughs of New York City. His mother Catherine Murdock was the keeper of the Rondout Lighthouse for 50 years. This blog is written by: Hudson River Maritime Museum 50 Rondout Landing Kingston, NY 12401 The Hudson River Maritime Museum is a 501(c)3 non-profit organization dedicated to the preservation and interpretation of the maritime history of the Hudson River, its tributaries, and related industries. Become a member and receive benefits like unlimited free museum admission, discounts on classes, programs, and in the museum store, plus invitations to members-only events. The Hudson River Maritime Museum receives no federal, state, or municipal funding except through competitive, project-based grants. Your donation helps support our mission of education and preservation.

GSK hails Ebola vaccine breakthrough The devastation of the Ebola outbreak in parts of West Africa has been one of the most shocking and distressing stories of the year. Tonight there is a glimmer of hope - the first evidence that a vaccine could be available for health workers and others battling to bring the virus under control. Ultimately, it could mean a vaccine for everyone in areas at risk. Sir Andrew Witty, the chief executive of GSK, told the BBC that new clinical data published tonight was "very encouraging" and that a viable vaccine could be available in the second half of next year - If these early trials continue to provide positive results. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) in America has just released the first trial data for the vaccine that GSK is working on in its laboratories in Italy and Belgium. Twenty adults were tested and an immune response to Ebola was prompted in each of them. The vaccine was also "well tolerated" by each of the people tested. "It's a very encouraging first signal," Sir Andrew told me. "Whether it's a breakthrough depends on making sure that all the rest of data over the next few weeks and months is in line. But this certainly gives us very significant cause for optimism. "We've been looking at a potential Ebola vaccine, we've been looking at its basic safety and whether or not it can generate an immune response in healthy volunteers - and the data is very encouraging. "But we need to put it into context - this is a very accelerated development programme and this is the first bit of data. "It's the first piece of what will be a jigsaw of information that we are going to gather over the next five or six weeks before we move to the next stage." Of course, as Sir Andrew says, any developments must be kept in perspective and there are a number of other trials still to report this year. Any of those could throw up major problems in the vaccine's progress. The NIH is certainly encouraged by these initial findings. "The unprecedented scale of the current Ebola outbreak in West Africa has intensified efforts to develop safe and effective vaccines, which may play a role in bringing this epidemic to an end and undoubtedly will be critically important in preventing future large outbreaks," said Anthony Fauci, of the NIH's National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. "Based on these positive results from the first human trial of this candidate vaccine, we are continuing our accelerated plan for larger trials to determine if the vaccine is efficacious in preventing Ebola infection." Sir Andrew said if the next series of smaller trials are similarly successful, then a major clinical trial of thousands of health workers in Sierra Leone and Liberia will take place early next year. "If all goes well, the large scale clinical trial will be largely with healthcare workers, burial workers and people who are in close proximity to people with Ebola," Sir Andrew said. "If the vaccine works, it will of course be a significant advantage to those workers. "If overall that trial is successful, all things being equal, [that] should move us to a rapid licence for that vaccine. "We are busy working out how we scale up manufacturing capacity, so that as we move into the second half of next year we would be in a position to manufacture very large quantities - that means millions of doses of the vaccine [being] available if governments and health authorities felt it necessary to go further than vaccinating health care workers." That means a vaccine could be made available to resident populations in the affected countries. As well as GSK, Johnson & Johnson and Merck are also proceeding with trials. In this emergency situation, the pharmaceutical sector as a whole has been asked by G20 governments and the World Health Organisation to take on a considerable degree of financial and legal risk through this accelerated programme. For example, the programme is not going through all the usual stages of a vaccine's development - which would normally take many years. If something does go wrong in the future, the pharmaceutical sector does not want to be the only part of the process exposed to, for example, legal action. To tackle that, Sir Andrew said that GSK is in discussions with governments of the G20, including America and the UK, about an indemnification agreement. "We are not waiting for that to be settled [but] it is obvious there are some risks that companies should not be expected to carry on their own," Sir Andrew said. "This is a very special circumstance. "There is a risk [in the] development - and it is important to know that organisations like the NIH in America and the European Union are helping to support some of these trial costs - so that is an important contribution and shows good solidarity. "In terms of the indemnity risk, those conversations go on - we have a good precedent for this with the pandemic influenza case of three of four years ago." On that occasion governments agreed to offer GSK indemnities in return for supplies of its flu vaccine. Sir Andrew said that the indemnity issue was not holding back development of the Ebola vaccine. "We take our responsibilities very seriously to make sure that there is good access to our vaccines, even in countries which can't pay very much for it," he said. "It sounds trite but in a situation like this you have to do the right thing. It turns out that on this project we are the leader in terms of time - the right thing to do was for us to commit all our energies to make this thing happen. "We are doing that - we are taking risks, we are taking financial risks. We have taken decisions without being asked. "We've taken decisions without the guarantee of compensation. I think that's the right human response to this crisis. "Whether we are a big company or not, we are still humans. "We are talking about people's lives here, every day counts, we get that, our employees get that. Our scientists are working 24/7 to deliver for those people in those camps." Today's break-through is another important step on the journey to finding a vaccine against Ebola.

Scientists have uncovered what, for some couples, may be an uncomfortable truth: all people of European descent are related. Researchers from the University of California, Davis, conducted what they described as one of the first surveys of recent European genealogical ancestry over the past 3,000 years. “We detected 1.9 million shared long genomic segments, and used the lengths of these to infer the distribution of shared ancestors across time and geography,” the scientists wrote in their paper. “We find that a pair of modern Europeans living in neighbouring populations share around 12 genetic common ancestors from the last 1,500 years, and upwards of 100 genetic ancestors from the previous 1,000 years.” The researchers concluded that “individuals from opposite ends of Europe are still expected to share millions of common genealogical ancestors over the last 1,000 years.” One of the co-authors of the paper, Graham Coop from the University of California, Davis, said the study focused on Europe. “While it is likely true that all humans world-wide likely share all common ancestors a few thousand years ago, we can only demonstrate this in Europe so far,” he said. Pause for thought Associate Professor Darren Curnoe, a human evolution specialist at the University of New South Wales, said the findings should be a major pause for thought. “This research greatly reinforces the idea that we living humans are all exceptionally closely related, no matter where we live today or our perceptions of our ancestry,” said Dr Curnoe, who was not involved in the study. “Bigotry based on "race” should be seen for what it is, completely divorced from biological reality. We all share very recent direct ancestors no matter where you come from." The new findings also apply to Australians of European heritage, he said. “We can all trace our immediate ancestors back only a handful of generations, only a few thousand years. The differences we think we see are remarkably superficial and largely biologically meaningless,” he said. “If your ancestors are from a relatively small part of Europe, especially say Eastern Europe, then all of your direct genetic ancestors may have lived only in the last thousand years. For the whole of Europe, this might be just a few thousand years.” The end of ‘race’? Professor Maciej Henneberg, Wood Jones Professor of Anthropological and Comparative Anatomy at the University of Adelaide said the findings mean that “all Australians of European heritage are closely related and there is no use distinguishing between Australians of English or Irish ancestry and those of Greek or Italian heritage.” “Biological anthropologists have argued for the last 50 years that human species cannot be divided into "races” because all humans are so closely related that there is not enough difference between gene pools of people living in different continents to produce reliable biological distinctions between Africans, Europeans, Asians and so on,“ said Professor Henneberg, who was not involved in the study. “The few externally visible differences like skin colour or nose shape are not enough to justify divisions.” Professor Henneberg said it was no wonder all Europeans were related. “In a densely populated continent, genes travel through neighbourly contact. In one generation, somebody marries someone from the next village, in the next, a person from that village marries somebody from yet another village further away and so on,” he said. “This way, with nobody moving more than 20 kilometres in a generation, a gene can travel about 2000 kilometres (the distance from Berlin to Madrid) in 3000 years.”

A Short Flight for a Jet, A Giant Leap for a Jet Engine GE – Over the last several weeks, crews at GE Aviation’s flight test base in Victorville, CA, at the edge of the Mojave Desert, installed a next-generation jet engine with ceramic components and 3-D printed parts to the wing of a modified Boeing 747, and readied it for its maiden flight. The engine, called LEAP, successfully took to the skies on Monday (Oct 6). There are three versions of the jet engine: the LEAP-1A for the new Airbus 320neo passenger jets, the LEAP-1B for Boeing’s 737MAX aircraft, and the LEAP-1C for China’s COMAC C919 planes. The LEAP is the bestselling family of jet engines in GE history. CFM has received more than $100 billion in orders (U.S. list price) from airlines like United, Air Asia, American Airlines and easyJet. They will use them on single-aisle aircraft, the fastest growing market in commercial aviation. more> http://tinyurl.com/qzqsbqj Posted in Business, Economy, Energy & emissions, Science, Technology, Transportation Tagged Aviation, Business, Efficiency, GE, Jet engine, LEAP, Technology Everything is Bigger in Texas, but These New Gas Turbines Up the Ante GE – Harriet, whose real name is the 9HA, is the largest and most efficient gas turbine in the world. GE spent more than $1 billion to develop the turbines. The company built a special testing center in Greenville, where engineers are currently putting the first Harriet through tests. The turbine, which was manufactured at a GE plant in Belfort, France, is equipped with more than 3,000 sensors. They collect mechanical, temperature and exhaust data, and feed it to a brand new data-crunching center next door. Under the hood, Harriet combines designs and materials originally developed by GE scientists for supersonic jet engines and other advanced technology. They include aerodynamic blades made from single-crystal alloys, thermal barrier coatings and ceramic matrix composites. Later generations of the turbine will also include 3D-printed parts. more> http://tinyurl.com/m2np8km Posted in Business, Economy, Energy & emissions, Science, Technology, Transportation Tagged Construction, Electrical equipment, Gas turbine, GE, Industrial economy, Manufacturing The Century-Old Panama Canal is Opening Up to a Busy Future GE – The Panama Canal is a full century old, but that doesn’t mean it still can’t grow. The 48-mile-long landmark that cuts across “the backbone of the Western Hemisphere” is going through the final year of a massive expansion. When work is completed in 2015, new locks will allow giant “New Panamax” class of container ships and supertankers through and boost the canal’s capacity by half. In 1914, the canal used 500 GE motors to operate the locks, with 500 more installed elsewhere in the system. GE also built the power plants that provided the canal with electricity and designed the centralized control equipment for the locks. One historian noted that GE “produced about half the electrical equipment needed during construction and virtually all of the permanent motors, relays, switches, wiring and generating equipment. They also built the original locks towing locomotives and all of the lighting.” Those 40 electric towing locomotives were made in Schenectady, NY. Since ships were not permitted to pass through the locks under their own power, these “lock mules” rode on rails next to the canal and pulled them through the locks. Custom gears and electrical design allowed them to run as slow as 1 mph, the speed required for gently tugging large vessels. more> http://tinyurl.com/kuvm694 Posted in Business, Construction, Economic development, Economy, History, Nature, Science, Technology, Transportation Tagged Construction, Electrical equipment, GE, History, Industrial economy, Manufacturing, Panama Canal This Deconstructed Locomotive Will Power Nigeria’s Economy GE – Nigeria has fast become Africa’s largest economy, but its infrastructure is still lagging. The electrical grid is so unpredictable that many businesses use natural gas to produce their own power. That’s why GE engineers recently converted a powerful diesel engine from a locomotive into an efficient stationary power plant that can produce enough electricity to supply a factory, or 6,600 Nigerian homes. The project was also an exercise in FastWorks, a set of tools and principles currently transforming GE culture into a leaner and faster company working close to customers. more> http://tinyurl.com/l9zvfj9 Posted in Business, Economic development, Economy, History, Science, Technology, Transportation Tagged Diesel generator, Electrical grid, GE, Industrial economy, Locomotive, Manufacturing, Nigeria Honey, I Shrunk the World: How Materials Scientists Made the Globe Smaller GE – Composites are made from alternating layers of fiber and sheets of carbon, plastic or ceramics, kind of like industrial-grade baklava. When joined together, composites can be tougher and lighter than steel or titanium. “This was a huge, expensive and risky project,” says Shridhar Nath, who leads the composites lab at GE Global Research. “We planned to replace titanium with what is essentially plastic. We were starting from scratch and we did not know how carbon fiber blades would respond to rain, hail, snow and sand, and the large forces inside the engine.” The bet paid off and GE has, over time, invested billions more in materials science. The composites research delivered a new line of large, fuel efficient jet engines like the GE90 and GEnx, that changed the economics of aviation forever. “The engines essentially opened the globe up to incredibly efficient, twin-powered, wide-body planes,” says David Joyce, president and CEO of GE Aviation. The latest engine in that family, the GE9X, will power Boeing’s next-generation 777X long-haul jets. Light-weight carbon composites allowed engineers to design an 11-foot fan that can suck a maelstrom of 8,000 pounds of air per second inside the engine. The air will flows into the combustor, where it meets parts made from ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), another breakthrough material developed by GE scientists. Carbon fiber composites work with cold air at the front of the engine. But CMCs operate in the engine’s hot section, at temperatures where even metals grow soft. The extra heat gained by the ceramics gives the engine more energy to work with and makes it more efficient. CMCs also have twice the strength and just a third of the weight of their metal counterparts. This allows designers to make parts from them thinner and much lighter, further reducing the weight of the engine. more> http://tinyurl.com/lt5wlnn Posted in Business, Economic development, Economy, History, Product, Science, Technology, Transportation Tagged Ceramic matrix composite, CMC, Composite material, GE, GEnx, Industrial economy, LEAP, Manufacturing, NASA Das Instant Auto: Say Hallo to a Hot Rod Powered by Water GE – The intriguingly named Quant e-Sportlimousine has been making a splash in Europe, where it was just approved for road use. The electric vehicle can go from 0 to 62 miles per hour in a ridiculous 2.8 seconds, reach a projected top speed of 217 mph, and has a range of 370 miles for one charge, according to its manufacturer, Liechtenstein-based NanoFlowCell AG. Oh, and it’s powered by a saltwater-filled battery. Unlike traditional batteries, which use solid materials to store and release electricity, flow batteries use charged liquids kept in separate tanks. The charged liquids come into close proximity only during power generation, greatly reducing the possibility of fire. “The safety is much higher and the electrode materials degrade much less during service,” Dr. Grigorii Soloveichik says. “You can re-use them many, many times.” Soloveichik says flow batteries could hold “tens of kilowatt-hours and up” of energy, since it is the size of the tanks that determines how much power the batteries can store. Besides cars, flow batteries could be used as backup power for commercial and residential systems, store electricity from renewable sources of energy, and also support the power grid. “They can store energy from wind, for example, so power companies can use it when they need it,” Soloveichik says. more> http://tinyurl.com/l5cuos2 Posted in Business, Economic development, Economy, Energy & emissions, Nature, Product, Regulations, Science, Technology, Transportation Tagged Electric vehicle, Flow battery, GE, Industrial economy, Manufacturing, Quant e-Sportlimousine Industrial Businesses Will Energize GE Brand’s Future Growth GE – GE executives are saying that the company’s future brand value will be driven almost entirely by technology and industrial products. Units like the Appliances business, which GE just agreed to sell to Sweden’s Electrolux, already contribute only a small share to the company’s brand. Distributed Power, which GE launched earlier this year, is helping electrify rapidly developing countries in Asia and Africa and transform the energy landscape by developing localized power generation and distribution systems. The quickly growing unit is already earning three times more money than GE’s entire Appliances unit. The focus on technology, the Industrial Internet and “brilliant machines” represents return to GE’s industrial roots, but one on a global scale. It started out as an U.S. industrial company manufacturing everything from electric elevators, street cars,and power plants capable of producing power for entire neighborhoods to engine superchargers for the nascent aviation industry. It even electrified the Panama Canal, when it first opened for traffic in 1914. GE’s century old Appliances business evolved in tandem with the spread of electricity and the electrical grid that GE pioneered. For many decades, GE was making both big dynamos for power plants as well as little motors for dishwashers and washing machines. With growing global demand for power, clean water and energy, however, GE is quickly becoming a pure-play infrastructure and technology company with a financial arm focusing on financing big industrial projects. more> http://tinyurl.com/kcxfmx5

Located majorly in the Himalayan Mountains, Jammu and Kashmir (often denoted as J&K) is a northern Indian state. The state shares a border with Himachal Pradesh and Punjab. It is the only Indian state with the majority population of Muslims. Jammu is famous for its numerous shrines and Kashmir valley is famous for its beautiful mountainous landscape. The summer capital of the state is Srinagar and winter capital is Jammu. The state is separated from Pakistani-administered territories via Line of Control and from Chinese-administered territory via Line of Actual Control. Jammu and Kashmir Population in the year 2019 As per the census 2011, the total population of the state was 12,541,302. In order to calculate the population of year 2019, we have to take a look at the population of the last 5 years. 2014 – 13.3 million 2015 – 13.6 million 2016 – 13.9 million 2017 – 14.12 million 2018 – 14.324 million Looking at the growth rate, we can say that the population of the state has been increasing at the rate of 0.204 million per year. Increasing at the same pace, the population of Jammu & Kashmir in the year 2019 will be 14.324 million + 0.204 million = 14.528 million. Demography of Jammu and Kashmir 68.3% of the state population practice Islam, followed by Hinduism (28.4%), Sikhism (1.9%), Buddhism (0.9%) and Christianity (0.3%). The proportion of Muslims fell to 64.19% by 1981 but recovered afterward, reaching 68.31% again by 2011. The major ethnic group includes Kashmiris, Bakarwals / Gujjars, Dogras, Ladakhis, and Paharis. Urdu written in the Persian script is the official language of the state. The other major language of the state includes Kashmiri, Urdu, Hindi, Punjabi, Dogri, Pahari, Ladakhi, Gojri, Balti, Shina and Pashto. The sex ratio is 889 females per 1000 males and the literacy rate is 67.16%. Density and Population Growth of Jammu and Kashmir The population density of Jammu and Kashmir is 56 persons per sq. km. The population of the state was 12.54 million in the year 2011 which showed an increase for the population of 10.1 millions in the year 2001. As per the 2011 census, there were 6,640,662 male and 5,900,640 female in the state. The total growth in this decade was 23.64% which was lower as compared to the 29.04% growth in the previous decade (2001). Facts about Jammu and Kashmir - The shrines of Jammu attract thousands of Hindu pilgrims every year and the region of Ladakh is known for its mountain beauty, which is also a famous tourist spot. - Jammu and Kashmir is famous for its valleys and the major valleys include the Kashmir Valley, Chenab Valley, Sind Valley, Poonch Valley, Tawi Valley, and Lidder Valley. - It is the only Indian state which has its own official state flag along with national flag and constitution. - With an average altitude of 5,753 metres (18,875 ft) above sea-level, the Siachen Glacier located in Jammu and Kashmir is 76 km (47 mi) long making it the longest Himalayan glacier. Other than this, the state is a home to several other glaciers. - The region of Ladakh is famous for its unique Indo-Tibetan culture. Chanting in Sanskrit and Tibetan language forms an integral part of Ladakh’s Buddhist lifestyle.

… but is it …? Posted: 01 Mar 2013 11:00 AM PST… by Will Greene Scientific literature regarding the future of water in the Southwest up to this point has been alarming, yet vague. In general, studies have confirmed that rising temperatures will hit the Southwest hard, with water availability shrinking significantly. Uncertainties related to the degree to which changes will affect evaporation and precipitation have stopped scientists short of making headline-generating predictions. That changed this week with the release of a new study by researchers at Colorado State University, Princeton, and the U.S. Forest Service that provides rare specifics as to how climate change may affect key reservoirs such as Lake Powell and Lake Mead that feed the Colorado River and therefore the Central Arizona Project (CAP). The study presented a number of varying scenarios dependent upon levels of greenhouse gas emissions and population stresses. One scenario details a dire future in which “Lakes Powell and Mead are projected to drop to zero and only occasionally thereafter add rather small amounts of storage before emptying again.” “We were surprised to find that climate change is likely to have a much greater effect on future water demands than population growth,” Forest Service research economist Tom Brown, who led the study along with CSU’s Jorge A. Ramirez, told Summit County Citizens Voice. “The combined effects of climate change on water supply and demand could lead to serious water shortages in some regions.” Colorado River Basin … CAP delivers on average 1.5 million acre-feet of Arizona’s 2.8 million acre-foot Colorado River entitlement each year. Of the annual average delivery, 52 percent of the water is currently used for municipal and industrial purposes (including recharge), 39 percent for agricultural irrigation districts, and 9 percent for Indian communities (Bureau of Reclamation). The study notes that significant water efficiency gains could be found by altering irrigation practices. With federal and international action on climate change stalled, worst-case scenarios such as the total evaporation of reservoirs like Powell and Mead are increasingly possible. If Central and Southern Arizona are to remain viable in the face of these threats, preparation must begin now with every conservation incentive on the table. Arizona’s farmers, ranchers, golf course operators, and landowners will need time to prepare for a future where water is priced at a level that more accurately reflects its scarcity. Regulators at the Central Arizona Water Conservation District board, Arizona Corporation Commission, and federal departments such as Interior, have their work cut out for them. Filed under: Blogroll

You may have heard the word microbiome thrown around a lot recently and basically what it means is the make-up of bacteria in our digestive tract (ie. our gut). Our gut is like a mini eco system made up of over 90% bacteria, a third of which is common for everyone however two-thirds is specific for each individual. Many things can affect how your microbiome is formed and the more varied strains of beneficial bacteria present the better. During childhood is when this can vary the most which is why it can often be encouraged to let children play in the dirt and be exposed to as many environments as possible. Other things that can affect our microbiome are illness, medications, stress and of course the food we eat. There is more and more research being funded for the influence of our microbiome on our overall health with findings suggesting it is related to many things from immunity, how we store fat, regulating glucose levels, controlling appetite, digestion, mental health, hormone and neurotransmitter production and determining our disease risk. So it is fair to say that building up ones microbiome with beneficial bacteria should be a key consideration with our diets. But does this mean guzzling bottles of kombucha, shoveling in mouthfuls of saurkraut and gulping down some kefir for dessert? Not quite! Our digestive tract is very sensitive and reactive (a change in diet can change your microbiome in just a few days) and too many fermented or bioactive foods can cause a lot of fermentation and production of acids leading to digestive distress. So what is good for out gut and how much is recommended? In general the best foods that have been shown to produce healthy microbes is one full of vegetables, fruits, legumes, wholegrains, extra virgin olive oil, yoghurt, dairy, nuts, seeds and fish due the fatty acid profile and high levels of antioxidants, polyphenols and fibre in these foods. Below are some other popular products that are good for some extra gut lovin: Fermented Vegetables: This includes saurkraut, kim chi and all of the other combinations available today. Start small with 1 teaspoon a few times per week and build up to a tablespoon at a meal (particularly to complement red meat which can be quite taxing to digest). Look out for products that have been heat treated (note you can pick these products as they will be stored on the shelf not the in the fridge). Heat treatment will kill off bacteria, good and bad, as well as enzymes so the benefits will not be present in these products. Kefir: This is a fermented milk similar to a drinking style yoghurt. Start with a tablespoon with a meal and then you can gradually build up to 1/2 cup per day. Look out for products with added artificial flavours and sugars - the ingredients should just be whole milk, kefir cultures and other cultures (and maybe water, milks solids). Kombucha: This is a fermented effervescent drink made from tea. As discussed in my post 'what is the deal with kombucha' you want to start small with just 30ml per day and then build up 1/2 to 1 cup per day. Keep in mind this is less then the serving of a bottle you would usually buy so drink half, and keep half for another time. Look out for products with added sugar, the only sugar should be what was used in the ferment process and this should be negligible on the label of the final product. Bone Broth: bone broth is not a fermented product and is benefits come more from it's healing properties to the cells lining our digestive tract. Because of this, there is less caution to start small so you can enjoy a cup per day and even add to curries, stews, soups or other meals where a regular stock might be called for. Prebiotics: these are generally overlooked for gut health but are super important as prebiotics are what feeds the probiotics and allows our microbiome to flourish. Prebiotics include onion, garlic, leek, asparagus, artichoke, tempeh, miso, banana, chicory root, oats, barley and flaxseeds. If you are looking to improve your gut health first look at bulking out your diet with mostly plant foods, including some healthy fats such as oily fish, extra virgin olive oil, nuts and seeds and you can't go past a multi strain probiotic supplement which is a concentrated source of the beneficial bacteria. The above fermented foods will also be a great addition to your diet although be sure to start small and build your way up, keeping in mind you don't have to have all of these every day.

Abortion in Ireland The IFPA believes that abortion is an intimate aspect of private life, intricately linked with human rights values and principles that protect a women’s and girls’ sexual and reproductive rights. Abortion in Ireland: a Historical Timeline When the Irish people voted in May 2018 to overturn Ireland’s constitutional ban on abortion, it signalled the end of over 150 years of the criminalisation of women and girls. Globally, an estimated 225 million women and girls wish to avoid pregnancy but do not have access to modern contraception. Reproductive rights embrace certain human rights that are already recognized in national laws, international human rights documents and other consensus documents. The IFPA advocates for legal and policy changes that will advance sexual and reproductive health and rights. The IFPA’s research project on abortion care explores whether the abortion law and our abortion service meet the needs of service-users.

What is meant by shifting-left in software development? In the field of software development, the appearance of defects while developing software is very common. It is an unavoidable situation which is faced by every developer working in the software industry. In common terms, it is usually known as ‘bug’. The only way to detect these bugs is by testing the application, now the question is what is meant by shifting-left? If we consider the software development life cycle the process starts with the early phases of development where usually the critical phases of testing are not required. Having said that, it is the usual practice to go about in the software development industry. But the problem starts when bugs are not fixed and later left unnoticed only to discover at the later phases that the defects are much larger in magnitude. hence the concept of shifting-left came about, it is found particularly in the Agile methodologies, and the DevOps enterprises. The problem of bugs in software development The above graph shows the percentage of defects which are usually introduced at the early phases of coding, this is a usually expected problem. Defects can be introduced even when parts of the application are assembled in the ecosystem. There is always a chance to detect bugs in an application. The bugs are introduced during coding but are never found in that phase as there is usually no testing done at that time due to a lack of proper infrastructure. This has a rippling effect on the cost incurred during the development of the software. It is observed that when the cost fixing the bugs rises steeply as it ten times more expensive to detect and fix bugs once the software crosses the initial phases and is in the unit testing phase. as the process moves further the cost becomes steeper. The mechanism of shifting-left Shifting-left means to practice testing at an early stage of software development if more critical tests are practiced then the problems can be detected and solved at its earliest. This will help in reducing the issues later. This process calls for a mature practice of the development procedure. The developers create a series of unit tests to cover the code as much as possible. Then the functional testers and the API testers come into action doing their best to not depend on the late-cycle testing. In this way, there will be enough manual tests or UI tests to show that things are working fine. It will also shift the concept from finding bugs in the late-cycle stages, these tests will be there only to prove its functionality. This procedure is based on the software testing pyramid to minimize the bugs at the initial stages. A proper test management tool can be of great help at this point. Take precautions before shifting-left farther It is a common practice among the organizations to stop shifting-left at this point, but some of them push it farther. This may or may not have positive effects on the bigger picture. There are a few points to consider before you decide to implement it, they are: - Consider the extra burden of testing on the developers if you want to push farther with shifting-left. As they are the ones to develop code and they are the ones again investing their time and energy on testing as well. - There are high chances that to reduce the extra burden they may consider testing early that very fewer bugs are detected; this will not help as the aim of shifting-left is to reduce the rate of bugs introduced not to suppress them. - Consider shifting-left methodology only after a thorough understanding of the development process of your software products, there can be issues with infrastructure and planning. - The code once checked into the Code Repository must be instantly integrated or built so that the failed builds get resolved quickly saving time. - Developers who perform Code Quality Tests before committing the code to Code Repository can produce better code, remove rework and can align them to the expected standards. Defects or bugs as we know them are a part of the software development procedure. To fix them cost, time and effort are required. These parameters increase as the bugs are detected in the late-cycle stages of software development. So, there is a tendency to reduce these steep charges by the organizations thru incorporating the practice of shifting-left. Though there is a chance of improvement there are some problems that may incur on the way, hence considering all the aspects before implementation would be a good idea.

Sources of radiation There are three sources of radiation in the dental office, primary, secondary and leakage. Primary and leakage radiation emanate from the x-ray machine. Primary radiation is generated at the anode target, collimated by the PID and directed toward patient to produce radiographs. Secondary radiation is scatter radiation created by primary beam interaction with matter such as the patient’s face and oral structures. And leakage, a form of secondary radiation, is emitted from the tube head encasement when x-rays are generated inside the x-ray tube. The dental assistant should avoid all three sources to minimize occupational exposure. Maximum permissible dose and maximum accumulated dose Individuals who use radiation to carry out their professional responsibilities are classified as occupationally exposed persons. Dose limits have been established for occupationally exposed persons, non-occupationally exposed persons (general public) and occupationally exposed pregnant women. The maximum permissible dose (MPD) is the dose of whole body radiation that is not expected to produce any significant somatic or genetic effects in a lifetime. Table 4 outlines the MPD for all three categories in both traditional and SI units and well as a formula for calculating the maximum accumulated dose for occupationally exposed persons. MPD compliance is achieved through adherence to radiation safety practices. The dental assistant’s ultimate goal should be zero occupational exposure. |Table 4. Maximum Permissible Dose| |MPD Dose Limits||Traditional Units||SI Units||Cumulative Dose| |Radiation worker||5.0 rem/year||50 mSv/year||10 mSv X age| |Pregnant radiation worker||0.5 rem term||5 mSv term|| | |General public||0.1 rem/year||1 mSv/year|| |

- This article is about the movie "The Sword in the Stone". For the object of the same name, see Sword in the Stone (object). The film begins in England with the death of the king, Uther Pendragon. No heir is named, and so England is threatened to be torn apart by war. Miraculously, the mystical "Sword in the Stone" appears in London, with an inscription proclaiming that whomever pulls it out is the rightful King of England. Many try to remove the sword,but none succeed and the sword is soon forgotten. Some years later, Arthur (a.k.a. Wart), a 12-year-old orphan training to be a squire, accompanies his older foster brother Kay on a hunting trip. Wart accidentally prevents Kay from shooting a deer, and goes to retrieve the arrow to make up for his mistake. In the woods, Wart falls into the cottage of Merlin, a powerful wizard. Merlin announces he will be Wart's tutor, packs up and the two return to Wart's home, a castle run by Sir Ector, one of Uther's knights and Wart's foster father. Ector does not believe in magic, and refuses to allow Merlin to tutor Wart. Merlin creates a blizzard and disappears, which persuades Ector to let Merlin stay, albeit in a decrepit old tower with countless leaks. Ector's friend and fellow knight, Sir Pellinore, arrives with news about the annual jousting tournament to be held on New Year's Day in London, only this time whose winner would be crowned King of England. Ector proposes that Kay be knighted and compete for the title, despite Kay's obvious ineptitude in both jousting and sword fighting. Merlin begins his tutoring by transforming Wart and himself into fish and going into the castle's moat. Wart is chased and attacked by a pike, and is saved by Archimedes, Merlin's owl. Wart is sent to the kitchen as punishment after he tried to tell his lesson to a disbelieving Ector. Merlin arrives and magics the dishes to wash themselves. He then takes Wart for another lesson, wherein he transforms Wart and himself into squirrels. Merlin teaches Wart about gravity, and about male-female relationships (as two female squirrels become infatuated with them). When they return to human form, Wart's female squirrel cries sadly when she sees he is really a boy. When they return to the castle, Ector accuses Merlin of using black magic on the dishes. Wart defends Merlin, and Ector punishes Wart by first setting him with a mountain of chores, then essentially told Wart he cooked his goose for "popping off" and choosing another boy as Kay's squire. Wart is devastated, but Merlin convinces him to continue with his education. For his 3rd lesson, Merlin transforms Wart into a sparrow. Wart then accompanies Archimedes on a flying lesson. Wart is attacked by a hawk and flies down the chimney of Madam Mim, a witch who is a rival to Merlin. Mim's magic uses trickery, as opposed to Merlin's scientific skill. Mim turns into a cat and chases Wart around her cottage. Merlin arrives, having been summoned by Archimedes, and begins to rebuke Mim. Madam Mim challenges Merlin to a Wizard's Duel, a battle of wits where the players try to destroy one another by transforming into different animals. Mim sets several ground rules, including the rules that only real animals may be used (no imaginary ones like pink dragons), and no disappearing. During the battle, both wizards transform themselves into a variety of creatures, such as: a turtle, a rabbit, a caterpillar, a walrus, a mouse, a crab, a goat, a crocodile, a fox, a hen, an elephant, a tiger, a snake and a rhino. Finally, Mim transforms into a purple dragon which is supposed to be against the rules (though Mim notes that she never explicitly outlawed purple dragons). Merlin is able to think quickly, and transforms himself into a germ and infects her. Mim is put to bed, ill, though it is said she would recover in a few weeks. At Christmas, Kay is knighted, but his squire comes down with the mumps, and so Ector reinstates Arthur as Kay's squire. Wart excitedly tells Merlin and Archimedes the news. But Merlin is disappointed that Wart still prefers war games to academics. Wart tries to explain that he cannot become a knight as he is an orphan, so a squire is the best position he can attain. This aggravates Merlin, who transforms himself into a rocket bound for Bermuda. Ector, Kay, Pellinore, Wart and Archimedes travel to London for the tournament. Moments before Kay's match, Wart realizes that he has forgotten Kay's sword at their inn, which is now closed because of the tournament. Archimedes notices a sword in a stone in a nearby churchyard, and points it out to Wart. Arthur pulls the sword from the stone, unwittingly fulfilling the Sword in the Stone’s prophecy. When Arthur returns with the sword, Ector and Sir Bart recognize it as the Sword in the Stone, and the tournament is stopped. Demanding that Arthur prove he pulled it, Ector replaces the sword in its anvil. Kay attempts to remove it himself, but he and none of the other men succeed in removing it. Wart manages to pull it out a second time with ease. The knights all proclaim, "Hail!! King Arthur!!", as the crowd, Sir Ector, and Kay all kneel to Arthur. The film cuts to Arthur, now crowned king, sitting in the throne room with Archimedes, feeling completely unprepared to take the responsibility of royalty. Overwhelmed by the cheering crowd outside, Arthur calls out to Merlin for help, who arrives (in 20th century attire) and is elated to find that Arthur is the King that he had seen in the future. Merlin tells the boy that he will rise and lead the Knights of the Round Table, accomplishing many amazing feats and becoming one of the most famous figures in literature and even in motion pictures (such as this film and the 2004 film). - Arthur/Wart: Rickie Sorensen, Richard Reitherman and Robert Reitherman - Merlin: Karl Swenson - Archimedes: Junius Matthews - Sir Ector: Sebastian Cabot - Sir Kay: Norman Alden - Madam Mim and Granny Squirrel: Martha Wentworth - Sir Pellinore: Alan Napier - Sir Bart: Thurl Ravenscroft - Scullery Maid: Barbara Jo Allen - Girl Squirrel: Ginny Tyler - Wolf: James MacDonald - Tiger and Talbot: Mel Blanc There are several scenes with animation recycled from other Disney films, as well as original animation that itself would be recycled in later productions. The deer Kay tries shooting at with his arrow was copied from Bambi's mother from Bambi. When Sir Ector and Kay are in the kitchen fighting against the enchanted dishware, Sir Ector swings his sword backwards and hits Kay on the head, with Kay groaning. Jasper and Horace in One Hundred and One Dalmatians were animated in the same way during the fight scene with Pongo and Perdita, and archive audio of J. Pat O'Malley (who voiced Jasper) was used for Kay's groan. Also, the footage where Wart is affectionately licked by the two castle dogs is reused in The Jungle Book four years later. The scene where Arthur is a squirrel jumping from one tree to the next was reused in The Fox and the Hound in 1981. When Wart goes into the forest to retrieve Kay's arrow, he pushes aside a branch and weaves in and out of a few small trees. This animation was reused in The Black Cauldron. - "The Sword in the Stone" (Sung by Fred Darian) - "Higitus Figitus" (Sung by Merlin) - "That's What Makes the World Go Round" (Sung by Merlin and Arthur) - "A Most Befuddling Thing" (Sung by Merlin) - "Mad Madame Mim" (Sung by Mim) - "Blue Oak Tree" (Ending of the song, sung by the Sir Ector and Sir Pellinore) - "The Magic Key" (Deleted Song, sung by Merlin) The film was originally released to theaters on December 25, 1963. In the United States, it was re-issued to theaters on December 22, 1972 and released jointly with Winnie the Pooh and a Day for Eeyore on March 25, 1983. - Main article: The Sword in the Stone (video) The film was first released in VHS format in the UK in 1983 and in the US on March 1986, as well as another VHS release in July 1991. Both of these were in the Walt Disney Classics line. The film was released on VHS again on October 28, 1994 as part of the Walt Disney Masterpiece Collection. The film was released on VHS again, along with a DVD release, of the film in March 2001 as part of the Walt Disney Gold Classic Collection. A special DVD edition was released for the 45th Anniversary of the film in June 2008. The Deluxe Edition, which included lithographs, a book, a lenticular card, and a certificate of authenticity, was also released in June 2008. For its 50th Anniversary, the film was released on Blu-ray on August 6, 2013. The film was a financial success at the box office and the sixth highest grossing film of 1963 in North America, earning estimated rentals of $4.75 million. It was better received by British critics than American critics, who thought it had too much humor and a "thin narrative." Rotten Tomatoes reports that 74% of critics gave positive reviews based on 23 reviews with an average score of 6.1/10. Its consensus states that "A decent take on the legend of King Arthur, The Sword in the Stone suffers from somewhat indifferent animation, but its characters are still memorable and appealing." Nell Minow of Common Sense Media gave the film four out of five stars, writing, "Delightful classic brings Arthur legend to life". In his book The Best of Disney, Neil Sinyard states that, despite not being well known, the animation is excellent, a complex structure, and more philosophical than most other Disney features. Sinyard suggests that Walt Disney may have seen something of himself in Merlin, and that Mim, who "hates wholesome sunshine", may have represented critics. The American Film Institute nominated The Sword in the Stone for its Top 10 Animated Films list. Madam Mim was adapted into the Duck universe where she sometimes teams with Magica De Spell and/or the Beagle Boys. She also appeared in the Mickey Mouse universe where she teamed with Black Pete on occasion and with the Phantom Blot at one point. She was in love with Captain Hook in several stories; in others, with Phantom Blot. In many European Disney comics, she lost her truly evil streak, and appears morbid yet relatively polite. Mim has appeared in numerous comics produced in the United States by Studio Program in the 1960s and 1970s, often as a sidekick of Magica. Most of the stories were published in Europe and South America. Among the artists are Jim Fletcher, Tony Strobl, Wolfgang Schäfer, and Katja Schäfer. Several new characters were introduced in these stories, including Samson Hex, an apprentice of Mim and Magica. The Sword itself appears in all of the Disneyland-style parks, located in front of their respective Carousels, with Disneyland's being King Arthur Carrousel. A sword pulling ceremony hosted by Merlin where a lucky child who pulled the sword would be declared the temporary ruler of Fantasyland was a common show until the ceremony ended several years ago. - This is the last animated feature released when Walt Disney was alive. |This page uses content from the English Wikipedia. The article or pieces of the original article was at The Sword in the Stone (film). The list of authors can be seen in the . As with Disney Wiki, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU Free Documentation License.| |Kingdom Hearts Series|

By Mohamed Ali Allah (SW) says in the Holy Quran, “There is not an animal (that lives) on the earth, nor a being that flies on its wings, but (forms part of) communities like you. Nothing have we omitted from the Book, and they (all) shall be gathered to their Lord in the end”(1). It’s amazing how the verse easily explains the nature of animals, yet there are evocative interpretations beyond the face of the verse. Most scholars say that “communities like you” means we share with the animals many things including survival, worshiping one God, resurrection (which indicated that animals have souls like us), and the like. The verse is teaching us more than just about sharing this planet, because psychologically people learn by reflecting on their environment. There are countless species that exceed the types of animals which we consider part of our diet. Historically, we learned most of the fundamental principles of survival like hunting, gathering, and coastal defense skills from animals. The story of Adam’s two sons in the Holy Quran tells us that when one of them killed the other, he did not know what to do at the time. However, he learned how to bury the body of his dead bother by watching a crow who had the same incident. Animals also teach us other tangible values that deal with morality such as the idea of motherhood, pride, and the idea of leadership. Consequently, animals are not part of nature, rather most of them are communities like us that impose compulsory rules to accomplish survival habits and it’s important that we analyze their behavior. If you look carefully, each species is able to turn their weakness into strength. For instance, each ant understands the significance of belonging to a bigger community, this animal kingdom survive as groups and they work together to harvest, plant, and save assets even in the most difficult times of the year. They respect their leadership and they are always on top of their tasks. Comparably, with humans and after two hundred years of modernization, we still have civil wars in many parts of the world including political revolutionaries awakened by a blow-up of injustice leaderships. The kingdom of bees implements the concept of loyalty, sacrifice, and sharing. Humans claim to be the best biological intelligence out there and yet we are falling to fulfill the basic natural ethics executed by little insects. In conclusion, Allah (SW) has created this world with certain laws and principles. And just like we understand and work with the laws of gravity, we need to work with the principles of ethics and morals to survive.

Despite the withdrawal of the Extradition Bill, the unrest continues and has escalated into widespread violence, culminating in the siege of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. With the city now in tatters, it is essential that the violence stops and the city be rebuilt under “One country, two systems.” It’s been nearly six months since the initial protests in Hong Kong were ignited by the Extradition Bill. The Bill would have allowed for the special administrative region’s (SAR) criminal suspects to be extradited to mainland China, raising concerns over the possibility of unfair trials and violent treatment of criminals by the central state along with an increase in Beijing’s influence over Hong Kong. Although Carrie Lam finally announced that the Bill was “dead” in September, this was perceived as “too little, too late” by some of the protesters who, at this stage amplified their demands as a consequence of their anger towards a government who had arrested them and labelled their protests as “riots,” and the police who had treated them unfairly. The disputes are rooted in the protesters’ distrust of the government and a strong desire to maintain the city’s British legacy of democracy rather than a form of democracy that follows a direction dictated by the PRC. Unsurprisingly, when the clashes increased, the demands of the protesters shifted from the Extradition Bill to a political quest for civil liberty and universal suffrage, which had not been fully achieved based on the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration and the 1997 Basic Law of Hong Kong under the framework of “One Country, Two systems.” Beijing, however, did not respond sympathetically to this appeal, and instead promoted pro-Beijing rallies in Hong Kong, which brought about new waves of tit-for-tat violent demonstrations in the city and domino-rallies in the UK, France, the USA, Canada, and Australia in support of Hong Kong. The escalation subsequently caused chaos, injuries and the deaths of innocent citizens in Hong Kong and reached fever pitch in the Hong Kong Polytechnic University where student protesters were barricaded inside the campus by police force. The campus became a “war zone” surrounded by tear gas, petrol bombs, arrows, water cannons, armoured trucks, and augmented by the radicalism of “young soldiers.” Finally, a negotiated surrender organised by parents, school staff and local politicians provided the means for the situation to subside. These youth-led demonstrations bring to mind the May Fourth rallies in 1919 and China’s dark history concerning the June Fourth Incident (known in the West as the Tiananmen Square protests) in 1989, as both parallel the current political crisis in Hong Kong in terms of student radicalism and their quest for democracy and government accountability. However, the key difference is that this post-Umbrella Movement in Hong Kong was not forged by citywide solidarity. It is also worth noting that the Hong Kong protests involved students, teenagers, and even toddlers who had little or no idea about the protests and why they were protesting. They stormed into the legislative council, burned the Chinese flag and raised the American flag in a plea for help, destroyed public infrastructure, attacked innocent people in public spaces, and chanted slogans such as “Restore Hong Kong, the revolution of our times,” and “Hong Kong is not China.” Such blind radicalism/assertiveness accompanied by violence symbolises a newfound social and political consciousness among Hong Kong students in recent years. However, this is not the best solution to achieving democracy. It can only damage Hong Kong as such violent behaviour discredits democracy and may weaken the city’s probability in obtaining support from the international community. To Beijing, the slogans were seen as indicative of separatism and alluding to the foreign-orchestrated “colour revolution” that took place in the former Soviet countries in the 2000s leading to the overthrow of the government. Despite the “riots” and “division of China’s unity,” and despite China insisting that Hong Kong’s turmoil is an “internal affair” in which foreign countries must not interfere, President Xi is unlikely to resort to a military crackdown to quell the unrest as this could create tensions with Western democratic nations and at worst, ignite war between China and the US, the UK, and their allies. Meanwhile, Beijing is also conscious that a repetition of “June Fourth” would bring international condemnation down on China, and this could have dire consequences. The passing of the Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act by the US House of Representatives has consolidated the US’s support for Hong Kong’s fight for freedom and this will undoubtedly complicate China-US relations and add further complexities/uncertainties to Hong Kong’s status and its identity. If the “conspiracy theory” that suspects western countries of intending to bring about disorder in China has an element of truth, it is essential that international politics are not played out at the expense of Hong Kong. The lengthy turmoil has burdened Hong Kong with enormous social, economic and human costs, and it’s time for both the Beijing and Hong Kong governments to reflect on the incident and reconcile their dispute over the level of autonomy that should prevail in the city and review the understanding of the “One country, two systems” principle. It’s imperative that the pro-democracy leaders step in and save Hong Kong by urging the protesters to cease violent demonstrations, abandon their provocative slogans and modify their “five demands.” It’s also important for the Hong Kong government to take the accusations of political brutality seriously as using violence against violence will not safeguard the city and will undoubtedly weaken the “One country, two systems” solution. Given the social-economic stratification in Hong Kong has already weakened its citizens’ trust and confidence in the government, it is possible the political crisis may further enhance such distrust and tear the city apart. Meanwhile, independent investigations into the allegations of political brutality are necessary to mitigate tragedies and return justice to the citizens of Hong Kong. As for the citizens of Hong Kong, it’s essential they are more understanding of the difficulties faced by their government as the SAR needs to juggle between Beijing’s ruling and the protection of the interests of Hong Kong citizens. A reflective and concessive approach at each end of the spectrum will help Hong Kong to regain momentum and hope. Dr Pan Wang is a senior lecturer in Asian and Chinese Studies at the University of New South Wales. This article is published under a Creative Commons Licence and may be republished with attribution.

Review of A Stain Upon the Sea: West Coast Salmon Farming by Hume et al. (Harbour Publishing, 2004) The creature that symbolizes the merger of oceanic and fresh waters is the anadromous Pacific salmon. The salmon have a long history in the Pacific; the fossil record for the salmon stretches back 1.6 million years to the Pleistocene Age, with an origin perhaps 100 million years ago. The Pacific salmon has since evolved into five species -- pink, chum, sockeye, coho, and chinook -- that inhabit a particular niche within the aqueous ecosystem. On the west coast of North America, the salmon range from northern California to Alaska. The salmon's lives begin as eggs deposited in a gravel bed, fertilized by milt from the male salmon. Upon hatching, they are tiny creatures called alevins, with huge eyes attached to orange sacs that sustain them nutritionally. Later they emerge from the gravel as small fry and search for feed. If the young fish survive, they will migrate as fingerlings to the saline embrace of the ocean. In the open ocean the salmon feed voraciously and carnivorously. Eventually the adult salmon will answer the not-so-well-understood, instinctual call-of-nature and return to their birth waters to spawn again. Although salmon spawn throughout the year, it is particularly in autumn when school groups, families, naturalists, and visitors flood to the leaf-strewn banks of flowing waters to observe the epic life-and-death struggle of the returning salmon. I often admired the fall spectacle and have donned wetsuit, mask, fins, and snorkel to drift with the unyielding flow while shoals of salmon powerfully darted up current around my mass. Shoddy logging practices near streams, mine tailings entering the waters, and the human thirst for more-and-more energy leading to the damming of salmon-bearing waters have wiped out the salmon and imperiled them elsewhere. A more recent menace has invaded the Pacific coast: salmon farms. Stephen Hume, Alexandra Morton, Betty C. Keller, Rosella M. Leslie, Otto Langer, and Don Staniford have synthesized the various threads of danger posed by salmon farming to the wild Pacific salmon in an informative book, A Stain Upon the Sea: West Coast Salmon Farming. Salmon farming involves the previously unheard-of mass cultivation of a carnivore species. To compound matters, on the Pacific coast, the farmed species is the introduced Atlantic salmon, a domesticated variant dubbed by some as Salmo domesticus. A Stain Upon the Sea revolves around the cataclysmic collapse of the 2001-2002 pink salmon run in the Broughton archipelago off northeast Vancouver Island -- a collapse attributed to a lethal sea lice infestation originating from the salmon farms. Hume details a similar collapse near salmon-farming operations in Ireland. Hume also examines the perspective of First Nations people, whose culture and existence are bound with the salmon. Salmon farming endangers this indigenous way-of-life. Kyuquot Nation member Leo Jack rails against the greed behind the drive to expand salmon-farming operations. British Columbia salmon-farming operations have ramifications outside the province. In Alaska where salmon farming is prohibited, fisherman David Harsila exclaims, "Alaska is the next target. When I look at the salmon farming industry I sort of boil it down to the structure of the multinational conglomerates and how they can influence government." Keller and Leslie chronicle the haphazard growth of salmon farms that are predominantly controlled by a few foreign multinational corporations. Langer delineates how his former place of employment, the federal Department of Fisheries (DFO), functions contrary to its mandate, which includes the protection of the fisheries and the marine and freshwater environment. The DFO is described as politicized; many key personnel are considered unknowledgeable about fisheries, and some work in an incestuous relationship with the salmon-farming industry that the DFO must monitor. The situation is so egregious that Langer muses, "Salmon farms seemed to have been given immunity from [the regulations of] the Fisheries Act." Langer finds particularly disturbing DFO's recalcitrance to seriously investigate the alleged outbreak of sea lice in the Broughton archipelago. Biologist Morton gives a firsthand account of the sea lice infestation traceable to salmon farms that precipitated a horrific 99 percent wipeout of the pink salmon run. She begins with the government chicanery that led to locating salmon farms in extremely sensitive areas of Broughton archipelago. She describes disease outbreaks from the salmon farms, and untenable practices such as employing "acoustic harassment devices" that frightened off the whales. The DFO was both uninterested and disinterested. After these experiences Morton writes, "I lost trust in the system; I felt it was working to hide the truth." Any lingering doubts were dismissed by DFO's negligence in enforcing regulations in the aftermath of the pink crash. If only it were supreme political and industrial ineptitude, but clearly disinformation was at the core of the government-corporate maneuvering. The government even sought to cleanse a community of witnesses to the illicit and destructive salmon-farming practices. As Morton states, "This is a rigged game and no truths will come to light." Morton speculates that the eradication of wild salmon might insidiously serve as a pretext to open up British Columbia to further exploitation by resource-extracting industries. Morton was moved to activism. Morton solidarized with others to form an action group and take on the corporate-government nexus that was imperiling the wild salmon and a community way of life. Choose your poisson Staniford's information-packed chapter details the toxic chemical brew in widespread use in the salmon-farming industry, focusing primarily on toxic delousing agents. Clearly, the salmon-farming industry had to deal with the terrible optics of the sea lice infestation. Occurrences of sea lice outbreaks and crashes of the wild salmon population confined to the neighborhood of salmon farms could not repeatedly be fobbed off as freak manifestations. The industry attempts to control sea lice with chemicals such as dichlorvos: a "carcinogenic, mutagenic and hormone-disrupting -- a so-called gender bender" organophosphate. The anti-parasitics are unselectively effective in the short-term. The salmon are adversely affected, as are benthic creatures and shellfish. Resistance developing among sea lice forces a change in chemicals. But the anti-parasitics were developed for use on terrestrial animals and many are explicitly labeled as dangerous to fish and not to be used in water, where the toxicity may be magnified. Staniford laments the insouciance to poor aquaculture practices: "I'm sick of the arrogant assumption by salmon farmers that their right to profit comes before the environment." However, the raising of farmed salmon doesn't have to be conducted in such a destructive fashion. The book concludes with a seven-point action plan to resolve the hazards of salmon farming. Currently, the corporate-government collusion prioritizes the profiteering of salmon-farming operations with minimal regard for the environment, wild creatures, and the health of workers and consumers while staunchly refusing cost-incurring alternatives. In western society, citizens caught stealing from corporations are severely punished, but when corporations steal the right of citizens to a clean environment and healthful food they are too often unpunished and seldom penalized harshly. As A Stain Upon the Sea illustrates, this is a scenario that must be changed -- the continued existence of wild Pacific salmon may depend on it. Kim Petersen is a writer living in Nova Scotia, Canada. He can be reached at: firstname.lastname@example.org. Other Recent Articles by Kim Petersen * The Progressive Paradox: Defining Viability * The Shame * The Wrong Direction * The Pornography of War

A risk factor is something that increases your chances of getting a disease or condition. Genital herpes (HSV-2) is more common in women than in men, and the infection is more easily transmitted from men to women. The risk is highest among adolescents and young adults who are more likely to take risks with their sexual behavior. The most important risk factor for genital herpes infection is the number of sexual partners in a person’s lifetime. Other factors that may increase your chance of genital herpes include: - Sexual contact with a person who is infected with genital herpes - Multiple or frequent changes in sex partners - Inconsistent or incorrect condom use—latex condom use helps prevent the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) - History of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) - HIV infection or other conditions that weaken the immune system - Sexual activity at an early age For people with no or mild symptoms, genital herpes can't be seen, so you can't tell if someone has it. Since most people are unaware they are infected, genital herpes can get transmitted from person to person without their knowledge. - Reviewer: Michael Woods, MD - Review Date: 05/2015 - - Update Date: 05/20/2015 -

Discover Double Replacement Reactions in Microscale - Ideal for reinforcing how to balance a chemical equation - Students use knowledge to predict products In this engaging experiment kit, developed by high school teacher Alan Hooks, students can observe more than 20 chemical reactions by mixing any two of ten solutions. Students will be very excited to observe the formation of many colorful precipitates, gas bubbles, and solution color changes. After observing these intriguing chemical reactions, students will predict the products, and write the complete balanced chemical equations for the double replacement reactions. Chemical usage is minimized by using spot plates and dropper pipettes. Advanced students can use this experiment kit as an introduction to solubilities, as well as a review of double replacement reactions and predicting products of chemical reactions. Includes solutions of eight salts and two acids, spot plates, pipettes and instructions. Ordering information: Includes Reaction Plates, Beral Pipettes, Labels, Permanent Markets, Instructions, BaCl2 Solution, CuSO4 Solution, Pb(NO3)2 Solution, KI Solution, AgNO3 Solution, Na2CO3 Solution, and ZnSO4 Solution. Required but not Provided: Erlenmeyer Flasks, Reagent Bottles, Wash Bottles, Waste Containers, and Rinse Water.

The Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program has allowed more than 750,000 young unauthorized immigrants to live and work in the United States without the threat of deportation, thanks to President Obama's 2012 executive order. However, the future of the program under the Trump Administration is uncertain. DACA applies to undocumented immigrants who entered the country before the age of 16 and meet certain requirements, including being enrolled in high school or having a high school degree or GED, as well as not having any serious criminal convictions. DACA grants these individuals, a group sometimes called "Dreamers," a two-year work permit. The question is whether the Trump Administration will allow participants to remain in the program by accepting renewals -- or flat out cancelling the program. Will President Trump 'work something out'? While he was campaigning for the presidency, President-elect Trump said he would reverse all of the executive actions taken by President Obama, which includes the DACA program. However, Trump said recently that he will "work something out" with the Dreamers. Adding to the anxiety felt by DACA beneficiaries is the fact that Sen. Jeff Sessions, Trump's selection for attorney general, strongly opposes the DACA program as well as the proposal to offer undocumented immigrants a pathway to citizenship. What Happens If DACA Is Cancelled?If President-elect Trump decides to undo President Obama's executive order creating DACA, the program could be cancelled immediately or slowly phased out. A group of senators has already drafted legislation that would allow beneficiaries to remain working and living in the country for three years if this happens. However, there is no guarantee that the bill will pass a Republican-controlled Congress. At this point, the future of DACA -- and the future of Dreamers -- is up in the air. Contact an experienced immigration lawyer if you have questions about how your immigration status could be affected by the incoming administration.

On November 25, 1895, a cornerstone of ice was laid in Leadville, Colorado, the beginning of the largest ice palace ever built in America. The town was in the doldrums; the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act in 1893 had ended its glory days as a silver-mining center. In an effort to keep their city alive, the citizens staged a winter carnival. On New Years Day, 1896, the town turned out for the grand opening. The palace, costing more than $40,000 and measuring 450 feet long by 320 feet deep, covered more than three acres. The towers that flanked the entrance were 90 feet high. Inside was a 16,000-square-foot skating rink. But there was no pot of gold at the end of this rainbow. The thousands of visitors who came to see the spectacle spent very little money. The town that put its hope in an ice palace saw that hope melt away.

As you know, we are studying Church History. Before we move on to the ‘please, dear emperor, accept us’ I thought we’d take a break and study — Ignatius of Antioch This week, we are getting into the early 2nd century where we will encounter the need for Christians to establish themselves as a state religion in the Roman Empire. Contrary to what you’ve may have heard, Rome did not really care about your personal religion. What they respected was ‘hollowed antiquity.’ This is why the Jews could get away with not worshipping Jove or the other gods and goddess. Because they could show by their Scriptures just how ancient they were. In come the Christians whom the Jews said weren’t really Jews. That means the Christians were new — or, in the eyes of the Romans, atheists. They were suspect. So, for the next few centuries, we will encounter intellectuals who sought to present the Christian faith as ancient and politically supportive of the Empire while maintaining certain independent positions previously afforded only to the Jews. Before that, we must encounter Ignatius of Antioch. His letters survive in (generally) two forms — the longer and the shorter. Many scholars see the shorter versions of the epistles as the more authentic (some settle for what they call a middle recension) so we will only quote from them. Ignatius is best remembered, perhaps, for inventing two words — apostolic and catholic. Ignatius, who is also called Theophorus, to the holy Church which is at Tralles, in Asia, beloved of God, the Father of Jesus Christ, elect, and worthy of God, possessing peace through the flesh, and blood, and passion of Jesus Christ, who is our hope, through our rising again to Him, which also I salute in its fulness, and in the apostolical character, and wish abundance of happiness. Wherever the bishop shall appear, there let the multitude [of the people] also be; even as, wherever Jesus Christ is, there is the catholic church. It is not lawful without the bishop either to baptize or to celebrate a love-feast; but whatsoever he shall approve of, that is also pleasing to God, so that everything that is done may be secure and valid. As regards to this, we might better read it church universal, or, universal church. Why is this designation important? I would point to one reason — Ignatius understood ecumenical missions better than most today. He was a bishop of a long-standing Asian (note, this is according to Roman geography) church going to Rome to be executed. Later, the Asian Churches and Rome would have severe disagreements — and these disagreements are still manifest today in the Great Schism. For Ignatius, however, the Church is founded on Christ, so regardless of other differences, if Christ is present (and no doubt, present in the Eucharist), then it is the Church. Other things to note from Ignatius — he has established a hierarchy that is far more reaching than the Roman one we saw in Clement. While the Church is founded on Christ, the Bishop/Elder/Overseer is who brings Christ to the Table. See that ye all follow the bishop, even as Jesus Christ does the Father, and the presbytery as ye would the apostles; and reverence the deacons, as being the institution of God One final thing Ignatius provides for us is an early view on the nature of the bread and the wine, Let no man deceive himself. Both the things which are in heaven, and the glorious angels, and rulers, both visible and invisible, if they believe not in the blood of Christ, shall, in consequence, incur condemnation. “He that is able to receive it, let him receive it.” Let not [high] place puff any one up: for that which is worth all is3 faith and love, to which nothing is to be preferred. But consider those who are of a different opinion with respect to the grace of Christ which has come unto us, how opposed they are to the will of God. They have no regard for love; no care for the widow, or the orphan, or the oppressed; of the bond, or of the free; of the hungry, or of the thirsty. The discussion this week will focus on Ignatius. Some of the questions to consider as you read Ignatius are - Who is Jesus Christ to Ignatius? - Why did he feel the need to be martyred and not otherwise rescued (or his freedom purchased) - What does ‘catholic’ mean? - Can we find his view of the Eucharist anywhere today? - Can we find his view of the Church Government anywhere today? - And of course, does this matter to our faith, in this modern world, right here, right now while the world is waking up from history? Ignatius of Antioch, “The Epistle of Ignatius to the Trallians,” in The Ante-Nicene Fathers: The Apostolic Fathers with Justin Martyr and Irenaeus (ed. Alexander Roberts, James Donaldson, and A. Cleveland Coxe; vol. 1; Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Company, 1885), 166. Ignatius of Antioch, “The Epistle of Ignatius to the Smyrnæans,” in The Ante-Nicene Fathers: The Apostolic Fathers with Justin Martyr and Irenaeus, 190. ibid, 189. ibid, 188–89. - Ignatius of Antioch (late 1st century – c. 115) on the reality of Christ’s human nature vis-à-vis Docetism (deovivendiperchristum.wordpress.com) - Trinitarian and Cultic Imagination: Ignatian Christology (Part II) (swilhite.wordpress.com) - St. Ignatius of Antioch: . . . if anyone follow a schismatic . . . (orthodoxchurchquotes.com) - Jesus as a Divine Human: Ignatian Christology (Part III) (swilhite.wordpress.com) - Ignatian Christology (Part I) (swilhite.wordpress.com) - How early are the doctrines of the Incarnation and the Trinity? (winteryknight.wordpress.com)

Natural history broadcasts have shown the ways in which animals communicated, including early humans, by using sound, gesture and appearance. As the human form evolved over tens of thousands of years, so too did the brain, nerves and muscles, leading to the ability to make the range of complex sounds necessary for speech. Thoughts, feelings and stories could be expressed directly to others within hearing distance. The oldest known evidence of ‘writing’ and of visual storytelling is found in cave art, the earliest examples of which date to 30,000 BCE. The paintings record information that could be ‘read’ by anyone passing. However, it wasn’t until 5,000 years later that the written word, invented by the Sumerians, allowed ideas, stories and feelings to be carried to others at a distance. Basic at first, the more artistic of writers began to embellish their letters, and the art of calligraphy was born. Calligraphy is the skilful art of lettering using a pen, ink brush or other instrument – chisels included. The Romans were probably responsible for its widespread introduction and popularity. There are many types of script, each visually pleasing and adding that ‘special something’ to documents and works of art. They’re commonly seen on invitations, hand-lettered logos, posters, illuminated texts, book, film and television titles,and wooden or cut stone inscriptions. A Rotherham u3a pilot calligraphy group is planned. It lacks just one thing: an experienced calligrapher to lead one or two (paid) preliminary sessions, providing information about equipment and techniques. If any reader is that person, or knows of someone who could help, please contact Sylvia Duncan 01709 374841 or visit www.u3asites.org.uk/rotherham.

A person born with a port-wine birthmark on his or her face and eyelid(s) has an 8 to 15 percent chance of being diagnosed with Sturge-Weber syndrome. The rare disorder causes malformations in certain regions of the body’s capillaries (small blood vessels). Port-wine birthmarks appear on areas of the face affected by these capillary malformations. Aside from the visible symptoms of Sturge-Weber, there are also some more subtle and worrisome ones. Sturge-Weber syndrome can be detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Such images can reveal a telltale series of malformed capillaries in regions of the brain. Brain capillary malformations can have potentially devastating neurological consequences, including epileptic seizures. Frustratingly, since doctors first described Sturge-Weber syndrome over 100 years ago, the relationship between brain capillary malformations and seizures has remained somewhat unexplained. In 2013, a Johns Hopkins University team found a GNAQ R183Q gene mutation in about 90 percent of sampled Sturge-Weber patients. However, the mutation’s effect on particular cells and its relationship to seizures still remained unknown. But recently, some new light has been shed on the mystery. At Boston Children’s Hospital, Sturge-Weber patients donated their brain tissue to research after it was removed during a drastic surgery to treat severe epilepsy. An analysis of their tissue, funded by Boston Children’s Translational Neuroscience Center (TNC), has revealed the cellular location of the Sturge-Weber mutation. The discovery brings new hope of finding ways to improve the lives of those with the disorder. … Radiologists who can tune in to the nuances of brain scans in children are a pretty rarified group. Only about 3 percent of U.S. radiologists, some 800 to 900 physicians, practice in pediatrics. Those specifically trained in pediatric neuroradiology are even scarcer. To a less trained eye, normal developmental changes in a child’s brain may be misinterpreted as abnormal on MRI. Conversely, a complex brain disorder can sometimes appear normal. That’s especially true when the abnormality affects both sides of the brain equally (see sidebar). It can be hard to find the cause of a child’s developmental delay without a proper read. “Pediatric brain scans of children under age 4 can be particularly tricky to read because the brain is rapidly developing during this period,” says Sanjay Prabhu, MBBS, a pediatric neuroradiologist at Boston Children’s Hospital. “If you’re looking at adult scans all the time, it’s incredibly difficult to transition to pediatric scans and understand what is considered ‘normal’ and ‘abnormal.’ Clinicians often wonder, ‘Should I repeat the scan? Should I send the patient to a specialist?’” … Children’s neurologist-neuroscientist Mustafa Sahin, Simon Warfield, director of the hospital’s Computational Radiology Laboratory, and Jurriaan Peters compared brain organization in 29 healthy subjects with that in 40 patients with tuberous sclerosis, a rare genetic syndrome often associated with cognitive and behavioral deficits, including ASDs about 50 percent of the time. “Patients with tuberous sclerosis can be diagnosed at birth or potentially before birth, because of cardiac tumors that are visible on ultrasound, giving us the opportunity to understand the circuitry of the brain at an early age,” explains Sahin. The panels above (click to enlarge) are advanced MRI images … For the third year running, my daughter is participating in a dyslexia study she entered at age 5, just after finishing preschool. Thinking she was part of a game, she spent about 45 minutes lying still in a rocket ship (in reality, an MRI scanner), doing mental tasks she believed would help lost aliens find their way back to their planet. All the while, her brain was being imaged, helping a team led by Nadine Gaab of Children’s Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience to find a pattern indicating that she might be at risk for dyslexia. Such signatures might flag children who could benefit from early intervention, sparing them the frustration of struggling with dyslexia once in school.

This rectangular prism is intersected by a plane that contains points N, P, U, and R. What is the perimeter of the cross section? Round to the nearest tenth. Two of the parallel sides of the plane will each equal NP = 6 The other two parallel sides will each equal PU = sqrt ( 6^2 + 15^2) = sqrt (36 + 225) = sqrt ( 261) So.....the perimeter of NPUR = 2 [ 6 + sqrt (261) ] ≈ 44.3 ft

Rectal cancer will be responsible for over 600,000 deaths across the world this year. In the event of cancer development, regualr screenings may help you catch the disease in an early stage. One of the most common ways to identify a rectal cancer without performing any tests, without having an MRI or x-rays done, and without having a colonoscopy and without performing surgery, is to analyze the symptoms that the patient is suffering from. To confirm the presence of rectal cancer, however, requires further evaluation. (see also: Colorectal Cancer Treatment) Testing for Colorectal Cancer Tests commonly used to diagnose rectal cancer include MRI, x-rays, colonoscopy, a digital rectal exam, fecal occult blood test and a sigmoidoscopy. A sigmoidoscopy is a lighted probe that is inserted into the rectum and lower colon to check for polyps and other abnormalities. A colonoscopy is a lighted probe that is inserted into the rectum and the entire colon to look for polyps and other abnormalities that may be caused by cancer. The advantage of using a colonoscopy is that if polyps are found during the procedure they can be removed almost immediately. Also, tissue may be removed for biopsy (the removal and examination of tissues). DIGITAL RECTAL EXAM A digital rectal exam is when a doctor inserts a lubricated, gloved finger into the rectum to feel for abnormal areas. This type can only detect tumors that are large enough to be felt by the finger. FECAL BLOOD TEST A fecal occult blood test is when the doctor tests for blood in the stool. CAT scans and virtual colonoscopies can also be used to help test for rectal cancer. Overview of Staging Staging of rectal cancer depends on the extent of local invasion, the degree of lymph node involvement, and whether there is distant metastasis. Definitive staging can only be done following surgery and the complete analysis of pathology reports. Stages of Rectal Cancer There are two primary staging systems for rectal cancer: DUKES STAGING SYSTEM The Dukes system classifies rectal cancer into: Stage A: The tumor is confined to the intestinal wall. Stage B: The tumor has invaded through the intestinal wall. Stage C: The tumor has lymph node involvement Stage D: The tumor has metastasized to other locations in the body. TNM STAGING SYSTEM The TNM system stands for tumors/nodes/metastases. This system assigns a number to go along with one of the three letters. The T stands for the degree of invasion of the intestinal wall, the N stands for the degree of lymphatic node involvement, and the M stands for the degree of metastases. For example: T0: No evidence of tumor Tis: Cancer in situ (tumor present, but no invasion) T1: The tumor has inbvaded through the muscularis mucosa into submucosa. T2: The tumor has invaded through submucosa into the muscularis propria (i.e. proper muscle of the bowel wall). T3: The tumor has invaded through the muscularis propria into subserosa, but not to any neighbouring organs or tissues. T4: The tumor has invaded beyond the muscularis propria into surround structures. N0: No are lymph nodes involved. N1: One to three nodes involved. N2: Four or more nodes involved. M0: No metastasis. M1: Metastasis present.

created 2003 · complexity basic · author Dubhead · version 5.7 Ctrl-Y in insert mode is one of Vim's handy extensions that inserts character which is above cursor (see :help i_CTRL-Y). However, sometimes this is not very useful when a user wants to insert many characters. In this case it's better to get a word above the cursor. Put this in vimrc: " Wordwise Ctrl-Y in insert mode noremap! <C-Y> <Esc>klyWjpa You might want to substitute 'W' with 'w', 'E', or 'e'. Try them and choose one that works best for you. Unfortunately, this simple map doesn't work at the beginning or end of line. Improvements are welcome. How about a small mod: noremap! <C-Y> <Esc>klyWjPa Other interesting variants, depending upon what one wants: inoremap <C-Y> <Esc>klyiWjPa inoremap <C-Y> <Esc>klyiwjPa The yiw yanks the "inner word", yiW yanks the "inner WORD". Both of these forms appear to work at both the beginning and end of sentences, with the exception that neither works for a single letter word at the beginning of a sentence. :imap <F1> <C-O>:set virtualedit=all<CR><C-O>k<C-O>yw<C-O>j<C-O>P<C-O>:set virtualedit=<CR> is a little bit better, but not really satisfying (a bug in virtualedit/<C-O>?). Hmm.. I can't get Ctrl-Y to work at all :( I tried :behave xterm but it doesn't seem to do anything for me :( I found it works in the Linux version, but not in Windows. - Which version doesn't work for you? I tried using the inoremap <expr> mapping and also using the mapping with the F1 key. Both worked without problems. So be please specific, what mapping did you use, what happened, did you get an error message, etc... Chrisbra 07:22, November 15, 2011 (UTC) Here is a somewhat elaborate solution that fixes several problems: - works at the beginning of a line - terminates at the end of a line (doesn't do anything weird) - doesn't overwrite the unnamed (last used) register " wordwise yank from line above inoremap <silent> <C-Y> <C-C>:let @z = @"<CR>mz \:exec 'normal!' (col('.')==1 && col('$')==1 ? 'k' : 'kl')<CR> \:exec (col('.')==col('$')-1 ? 'let @" = @_' : 'normal! yw')<CR> \`zp:let @" = @z<CR>a What it does: - Cancel insert mode and save @z. This macro will overwrite register z and mark z. Use temporary ones that you would never use manually. - Mark position z. - Move up, and then move right only if the cursor was not at the beginning of the line on an empty line. - If the cursor is now at the end of the line, do nothing (and clear @"so the paste doesn't duplicate the last paste). Otherwise yank to the next word. - Go back to mark z and paste. @"and go into insert mode after the pasted text. You can also change the mapping to yank to the end of a word (change "yw" to "ye" on the third line). If you have Vim 7 you can use an expression mapping to simplify the mapping. This mapping also will not overwrite any registers or marks inoremap <expr> <c-y> matchstr(getline(line('.')-1), '\%' . virtcol('.') . 'v\%(\k\+\\|.\)')

One of MongoDB’s arguments when evangelising MongoDB is the fact that MongoDB is a “schemaless” database: MongoDB is a JSON-style data store. The documents stored in the database can have varying sets of fields, with different types for each field. And that’s true. But it doesn’t mean that there is no schema. There are in fact various schemas: - The one in your head when you designed the data structures - The one that your database really implemented to store your data structures - The one you should have implemented to fulfill your requirements Every time you realise that you made a mistake (see point three above), or when your requirements change, you will need to migrate your data. Let’s review again MongoDB’s point of view here: With a schemaless database, 90% of the time adjustments to the database become transparent and automatic. For example, if we wish to add GPA to the student objects, we add the attribute, resave, and all is well — if we look up an existing student and reference GPA, we just get back null. Further, if we roll back our code, the new GPA fields in the existing objects are unlikely to cause problems if our code was well written. Everything above is true as well. “Schema-less” vs. “Schema-ful” But let’s translate this to SQL (or use any other “schema-ful” database instead): ALTER TABLE student ADD gpa VARCHAR(10); And we’re done! Gee, we’ve added a column, and we’ve added it to ALL rows. It was transparent. It was automatic. We “just get back null” on existing students. And we can even “roll back our code”: ALTER TABLE student DROP gpa; Not only are the existing objects unlikely to cause problems, we have actually rolled back our code AND database. - We can do exactly the same in “schema-less” databases as we can in “schema-ful” ones - We guarantee that a migration takes place (and it’s instant, too) - We guarantee data integrity when we roll back the change What about more real-world DDL? Of course, at the beginning of projects, when they still resemble the typical cat/dog/pet-shop, book/author/library sample application, we’ll just be adding columns. But what happens if we need to change the student-teacher 1:N relationship into a student-teacher M:N relationship? Suddenly, everything changes, and not only will the relational data model prove far superior to a hierarchical one that just yields tons of data duplication, it’ll also be moderately easy to migrate, and the outcome is guaranteed to be correct and tidy! CREATE TABLE student_to_teacher AS SELECT id AS student_id, teacher_id FROM student; ALTER TABLE student DROP teacher_id; … and we’re done! (of course, we’d be adding constraints and indexes) Let’s face the truth Schemalessness is about a misleading term as much as NoSQL is: And again, MongoDB’s blog post is telling the truth (and an interesting one, too): Generally, there is a direct analogy between this “schemaless” style and dynamically typed languages. Constructs such as those above are easy to represent in PHP, Python and Ruby. What we are trying to do here is make this mapping to the database natural. When you say “schemaless”, you actually say “dynamically typed schema” – as opposed to statically typed schemas as they are available from SQL databases. JSON is still a completely schema free data structure standard, as opposed to XML which allows you to specify XSD if you need, or operate on document-oriented, “schema-less” (i.e. dynamically typed) schemas. (And don’t say there’s json-schema. That’s a ridiculous attempt to mimick XSD) … and more: So, there’s absolutely nothing that is really easier with “schemaless” databases than with “schemaful” ones. You just defer the inevitable work of sanitising your schema to some other later time, a time when you might care more than today, or a time when you’re lucky enough to have a new job and someone else does the work for you. You might have believed MongoDB, when they said that “objects are unlikely to cause problems”. But let me tell you the ugly truth: Anything that can possibly go wrong, does We wish you good luck with your dynamically typed languages and your dynamically typed database schemas – while we’ll stick with type safe SQL.