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after it was announced the bauer was coaching more players wanted to join the team in addition to bauer beginning a recruitment program across canada ubc physical education teacher bob hindmarch became general manager of the thunderbirds and made the financial and academic arrangements for the players to get to vancouver the university had no rink of its own at the time and used kerrisdale arena or the north shore winter club s curling rink for practice with games played at the vancouver forum bauer taught a defense first mentality to his team which was not the most skilled and cancelled practices as needed to allow his players to catch up academically the thunderbirds won two exhibition games but were winless in league games during the season |
in the 1962 63 season 120 players came to training camp for the thunderbirds bauer selected the best skaters for the team and arranged for exhibition games versus senior ice hockey teams in british columbia the thunderbirds combined with players from the toronto marlboros to play an exhibition game versus the soviet union national ice hockey team but lost by a 6 0 score the thunderbirds had an annual rivalry with the alberta golden bears for the hamber cup which they had never won since the trophy was established in 1950 the thunderbirds won their first hamber cup in a two game series including a 3 2 overtime loss and a 3 1 victory bauer led the thunderbirds to eight wins one loss and one tie in the regular season to win the western canadian intercollegiate athletic association title and qualify for the national championship the thunderbirds reached the final game of the canadian interuniversity athletic union men s ice hockey championship tournament in kingston ontario they lost the championship game for the ciau university cup by a 3 2 score to the mcmaster marauders who scored the winning goal scored on a power play resulting from a too many men on the ice penalty |
the canadian amateur hockey association caha annually chose an amateur senior team to represent the country at international competitions which was usually the reigning allan cup champion team since it met the amateur eligibility requirements for the ice hockey at the olympic games and the ice hockey world championships when the kitchener waterloo dutchmen represented canada ray bauer funded expenses for the team through the family business since the government of canada declined to provide funding and the caha did not cover all of the travel expenses the bauers felt it was unfair for one city to pay most of the expenses to send a team to represent the whole country bauer spoke with american coaches during the world championships and learned of their detailed preparation plans for the 1964 winter olympics whereas canada did not yet know which team would represent the country |
bauer suggested it might be time for canadian universities and colleges to represent the country since they met amateur eligibility requirements and he felt there were young men who would be interested in a program which combined education and hockey he felt that a core group of students could be reinforced with the best available canadian senior players for international competition he discussed the concept with caha president jack roxburgh and secretary gordon juckes who were also in attendance at the world championships and was invited make a presentation at the next caha annual meeting in may 1962 bauer s proposal was unanimously endorsed in principle at the general meeting then given final approval at the caha executive meeting in august 1962 with partial funding provided towards board and tuition the canadian olympic association gave its approval to the proposal in october 1962 |
the proposal was opposed by professional leagues including the nhl who would be competing for the same players university of alberta physical education director maury van vliet criticized the idea in a letter to the newspapers and felt that the caha was letting bauer assemble an all star team at a university that does not own a rink located in an area that has never produced a hockey player with a team that has never beaten anyone when the caha approved the plan with only 20 minutes of discussion journalist trent frayne stated that father bauer is the greatest lobbyist in the history of hockey journalist scott young wrote that it was the best hockey news in canada in years and should be given a chance journalist jim coleman reported that consensus at the time was for canada to embark on a radical new course even if it included establishing a team of university students to represent canada at international hockey events |
bauer kept a regular schedule for the team which attended classes in the day time practiced late in the afternoon and studied later in the evening most of the team lived on the point grey campus of the university of british columbia in a house which had previously been a transmitter station during world war ii the close knit atmosphere promoting team bonding as did a group effort to fix and renovate the house bauer recruited a german housekeeper named ma byers from a local restaurant in vancouver to cook and act as a mother figure to the players |
bauer searched for funding from canadian businesses and received donations from max bell charles hay and james a richardson the team was assisted by canadian pacific railway president ian sinclair who arranged for free or discounted transportation for the team bauer s mother and brothers contributed funds through the family business and the government of canada s fitness council later contributed after montreal journalist andy o brien wrote about the players being starving scholar athletes bauer also arranged for the national team players to give back to the community in exchange for better funding from politicians |
ice hockey at the 1964 winter olympics was played from january 27 to february 9 at innsbruck austria canada won its qualification game by a 14 1 score over yugoslavia to be seeded in group a bauer s team followed with an 8 0 win over switzerland a 4 2 win over germany a 6 2 win over finland and an 8 6 win over the united states during the game versus sweden opposing player carl g ran berg broke his stick and tossed it aside the broken end of the stick went towards the canadian players bench where it struck bauer in the face and opened a bleeding wound bauer demanded for his players to remain on the bench and not retaliate since he did not want to take penalties late in the game canada went on to win by a 3 1 score and bauer forgave berg for the incident on the next day bauer invited berg to sit with him while watching the soviet union play czechoslovakia canada lost the final two games of the olympics by a 3 1 score to czechoslovakia and by a 3 2 to the soviet union after canada held a 2 1 advantage in the second period |
based on his understanding of the tie breaking procedure bauer s philosophy was to simply win the games against the weaker countries instead of running up the score canada czechoslovakia and sweden finished with identical records of five wins and two losses canada thought they had won the bronze medal based on the goal differential in the three games among the tied countries when they attended the presentation of the olympic medals they were disappointed to learn they had finished in fourth place based on goal differential of all seven games played the players and caha president art potter accused that international ice hockey federation iihf president bunny ahearne made a last minute decision to change the rules and take away a medal from canada bauer was awarded a gold medal for his example of good sportsmanship in the stick throwing incident later that night the players gathered in bauer s room where marshall johnston summarized the team s feeling that the shepherd and his flock have been fleeced |
the national team played an exhibition tour in europe after the olympics then had an audience with pope paul vi in the vatican city on february 15 1964 at the caha general meeting in may 1964 ahearne clarified that the decision to place canada fourth in the standings was supported by the iihf statutes and that no rules were changed former caha president and past iihf president robert lebel agreed that the correct decision was made despite the accusations at the same meeting bauer was given approval to continue the national team program and transitioned from coaching into a managing and advisory role |
the caha merged the national team into the winnipeg maroons in 1965 and relocated the program to a new home base in winnipeg the maroons were one of the best senior ice hockey teams in canada at the time and their coach gord simpson continued in the same role for the national team players on the team attending ubc were transferred to the university of manitoba and bauer continued his recruitments efforts he saw the merger as the beginning of a truly national team based in the geographic centre of the country |
after the caha made an unsuccessful bid to host the ice hockey world championships as part of the canadian centennial celebrations in 1967 bauer hoped that the rejection of the bid would inspire more support from the government of canada and the canadian public to restore national pride in hockey in april 1966 bauer said our biggest problem is the task of making canadian out of all of us we have to start someplace and we have to help our own canadian athletes |
bauer recruited jackie mcleod to become the next coach of the national team since they had a similar style of being good listeners to players at the 1966 ice hockey world championships bauer expressed his frustrations about officiating at international events after a loss to czechoslovakia by a 2 1 score which put canada out of contention for the gold medal the players wanted to withdraw from the world championships prior to the final game versus the soviet union bauer talked the players into continuing after staying up all night but canada lost the final game and earned the bronze medal |
the caha hosted a canadian centennial tournament in 1967 and invited the national teams from the united states soviet union and czechoslovakia the event was also an attempt to show that winnipeg would be a suitable host location for the world championships the national team bauer assembled for the event won all three games played and defeated the soviet union by a 5 4 score in the final game at the 1967 ice hockey world championships bauer s team won four of seven games played but lost to the soviet union by a 2 1 score and finished with the bronze medal |
the caha established a second national team to increase the available pool of players at the next olympics in 1968 bauer recruited jack bownass to coach the second team which was based in ottawa bauer considered both teams equal and disliked attempts by the media to label them as an a team in winnipeg and a b team in ottawa in ice hockey at the 1968 winter olympics canada won five of seven games played and earned the bronze medal canada went into the final game versus the soviet union with a chance to win gold but lost by a 5 0 score and bauer described it as the best game he had seen the soviets play |
hockey canada was incorporated in 1968 and the took over management of the national team from the canadian hockey foundation in 1969 bauer was appointed a member of the board of directors which decided at its first meeting to make the eligibility of professionals at the world championships its priority for improving the national team hockey canada successfully secured funding from the government of canada for the national team to travel to the 1969 ice hockey world championships in sweden bauer s team was inexperienced internationally and lost twice each to the soviet union czechoslovakia and sweden and place fourth overall |
bauer was against the use of professionals at the world championships his participation in the national team ended in 1969 when canada was granted permission by the iihf to use a limited number of professionals while hosting the 1970 ice hockey world championships on january 4 1970 canada withdrew from international play and hosting the world championships due to disagreements with the iihf and the international olympic committee over the use of professionals and eligibility of players for the olympics the national team was disbanded shortly thereafter |
bauer wrote an article published in the toronto sun on september 2 1972 giving reasons why he expected total victory in the 1972 summit series featuring canada s top professional players he felt that canada s talent was undeniable and that the younger soviet team would use their conditioning and defensive play to limit scoring he also stated of the soviets that i think they ve realized they ve reached a certain plateau and they could improve only by playing our professionals he was interviewed on television by bill good during game three on the series and stated that the losses were indicative of domestic hockey issues in canada and that we could learn from the soviets instead of underrating their abilities bauer hoped that the series would promote unity in canada and better international relationships |
while attending the 1968 winter olympic games bauer was approached by yoshiaki tsutsumi chairman of the japan ice hockey federation and owner of the seibu tetsudo hockey club to assist with its hockey programs bauer first travelled to japan in october 1968 for a month long series of hockey clinics across the country he continued travels to japan and instructed at hockey schools for two six week periods each year his teachings on personal growth and being disciplined on the ice were welcomed within the culture of japan |
bauer was never paid for his services but had his travel and expenses covered by the seibu group japanese players reciprocated bauer s efforts by embarking on hockey tours of canada including stops at ubc bauer occasionally coached the seibu team in league play but was unable to lead them to a league championship he declined an offer from tsutsumi to permanently move to japan but continued to work in japan until 1978 he remained friends with the japan ice hockey federation and helped to suggest coaches and players from canada to travel to japan |
the caha agreed to return to international play as of the 1977 ice hockey world championships when professionals were allowed to participate in october 1977 at a house of commons and senate committee studying canada s role in international hockey bauer urged for a plan to be put into place for ice hockey at the 1980 winter olympics to avoid setting up the country and players for embarrassment hockey canada named bauer to be the managing director of the olympic team that was still restricted to amateurs |
bauer arranged a training camp six months in length to build teamwork and systems with 150 junior and college players attending he felt that a lot of work was needed to improve the talent level to win at the olympics and struggled to retain talent in competition with professional teams signing amateur players to contracts clare drake tom watt and lorne davis were named to coach the national team bauer chose to let the coaches do the coaching but assigned them reading material on subjects he wanted instilled into the players |
the canadian press described bauer as the kindly roman catholic priest who brought a reluctant canadian hockey fraternity into the modern age of international play with his concept of a national team canada s national team was called the most nobly conceived of all canadian hockey enterprises in the book hockey is our game by jim coleman bauer was an inspirational coach a caring educator a master motivator and devoted to the concept that education and hockey could mix according to kevin shea of the hockey hall of fame brian conacher stated that father bauer in many respects was a visionary a pioneer in recognizing how good european hockey had become it became evident that the canadian style rough and tumble we ll beat them in the alley if we can t beat them on the rink type of attitude was pass |
rick noonan stated the fact that father was a basilian priest he used to worry about that a lot that people would misinterpret that he was trying to turn everyone into a catholic but really he was very ecumenical should a player take the lord s name in vain in the heat of the moment during a game he would find a gentle hand on his shoulder now now i do the praying around here tom watt who was an assistant coach for the national team stated father bauer is a great canadian but i could never get it straight sometimes when you thought you were talking about hockey the priest came out of him and sometimes when you thought you were talking to a priest the hockey came out of him |
after the a2 motorway between d and warsaw opened in 2012 which reduced the travel time between the two cities to about one hour the d airport has faced tougher competition from the two warsaw airports warsaw chopin and warsaw modlin as a consequence the number of passengers using it has fallen the airport no longer has any domestic destinations since the bankruptcy of olt express in july 2012 which had also planned a number of international services due to low passengers numbers d airport has been cited as an example of inefficient use of eu subsidies |
when the film was first announced under the name harvester the plot description described a significantly different scenario than the one in the finished film the villains were described as aliens with actress ileana lazariuc listed as alien queen in an email exchange between seagalogy author vern and co writer joe halpin prior to the release of attack force halpin confirmed that although the movie had been written with a sci fi element it had been shot in two ways one explained the villain s actions as the work of european mobsters and the other explained them as the work of aliens asked if the alien plot elements would be present in the final cut halpin answered who knows explaining that the producers and seagal would come to an agreement in post production in the finished film the villains are explained to be gangsters and no reference is made to any extraterrestrial origin |
he was a visiting professor at the university of pennsylvania beginning in 1964 from 1968 to 1971 he was the first fellow appointed to the center for advanced visual studies cavs founded by gy rgy kepes at the massachusetts institute of technology the cavs allowed artists to work using sophisticated techniques and scientific partnership promoting a highly collaborative environment in 1972 piene was appointed a professor of environmental art at mit in 1974 he succeeded kepes as director of the cavs a position he served until september 1 1993 piene remained closely associated with cavs and mit for the rest of his life and maintained longtime homes in both groton massachusetts and d sseldorf germany |
in 1957 piene developed the grid picture a type of stencilled painting made from half tone screens with regularly arranged points in single colors yellow silver white or gold for example pure energy 1958 new york moma piene s work then developed in a variety of forms the lichtballette light ballet 1959 was a development of the grid pictures light from moving lamps was projected through grids thus extending and stimulating the viewer s perception of space this series of works was inspired by l szl moholy nagy s light space modulator 1930 located at harvard since 1956 and fernand l ger s ballet m canique 1924 |
also in 1959 the combination of these grids with sources of fire candles gas burners produced smoke traces and fire paintings in which the paint was scorched piene created these rauchbilder smoke pictures as a reference to elemental natural energies in his fire paintings he lightly burned a layer of solvent on pigmented paper developing organic forms from the remnants of the resulting soot deposits throughout the remainder of his career he continued his practice of making smoke pictures fire and smoke their traces are important elements in these pictures silver fire 1973 honolulu museum of art is an example of a smoke picture |
piene also experimented with multimedia combinations in 1963 together with g nther uecker and heinz mack he became a spokesman of neuen idealismus the new idealism in 1967 otto piene premiered proliferation of the sun at aldo tambellini s black gate theater and in 1968 he collaborated with aldo tambellini on the black air at the black gate theater piene is also noted for having explored new uses for broadcast television in 1968 aldo tambellini and otto piene reformatted black air as black gate cologne which is cited as one of the first television programs to have been produced by experimental visual artists |
misora was born in isogo ku yokohama japan her father was a fishmonger and her mother a housewife misora displayed musical talent from an early age after singing for her father at a world war ii send off party in 1943 he invested a small fortune taken from the family s savings to begin a musical career for his daughter in 1945 she debuted at a concert hall in yokohama at the age of eight at the same time she changed her last name kat to at the suggestion of her mother a year later she appeared on a nhk broadcast and impressed the japanese composer masao koga with her singing ability he considered her to be a prodigy with the courage understanding and emotional maturity of an adult in the following two years she became an accomplished singer and was touring notable concert halls to sold out crowds |
her recording career began aged 12 in 1949 she changed her stage name to hibari misora which means lark in the beautiful sky and starred in the film the film gained her nationwide recognition she recorded her first single for columbia records later that year it became a commercial hit selling more than 450 000 copies she subsequently recorded kanashiki kuchibue which was featured on a radio program and was a national hit as an actress she starred in around 160 movies from 1949 until 1971 and won numerous awards her performance in tokyo kid 1950 in which she played a street orphan made her symbolic of both the hardship and the national optimism of post world war ii japan |
in april 1987 on her way to a performance in fukuoka misora suddenly collapsed she was rushed to a hospital in fukuoka where she was diagnosed with avascular necrosis brought on by chronic hepatitis she eventually showed signs of recovery in august misora commenced recording a new song in october and in april 1988 performed at her comeback concert at tokyo dome her final concert was in kokura february 1989 it was the start of a nation wide tour which had to be cancelled due to her failing health on march 21 1989 misora hosted a 10 hour live radio show for nippon broadcasting system she was later admitted to juntendo university hospital in tokyo for pneumonia |
the riding or electoral district is also the first to have been represented in parliament by a member of the green party blair wilson elected as part of the liberal party he crossed the floor later in his career to become a member of the green party representing west vancouver sunshine coast sea to sky country however this came immediately before the 2008 federal election in which he was defeated and he never had the opportunity to sit in the house as a green mp |
swosu was first established through an act of the oklahoma territorial legislature in 1901 as southwestern normal school although no classes were held until 1903 several towns fought a court battle to become the home of the new school but weatherford won the battle the normal school included both a two year degree program for teacher education and a preparatory school in 1920 the preparatory part of the school closed and a four year baccalaureate degree program replaced it the first bachelor s degrees by the renamed southwestern state teachers college were awarded in the spring of 1921 |
borisav stankovi s best work is the 1910 novel entitled impure blood ne ista krv about the plight of a young woman unable to free herself from the old customs and restrictions in this story he explored the contradictions of man s spiritual and sensory life this was the first serbian novel to receive praise in its foreign translations from international literary critics at the turn of the 20th century folk musicals became popular and the best play of this genre is stankovi s ko tana written in 1902 its bittersweet story of a beautiful gypsy girl and her amorous conquest of an entire provincial town is intertwined with quasi philosophical musing about the meaning of life and the passing of youth stankovi s other play ta ana written in 1910 is also about provincial life in southern serbia which had just been liberated from the turks but was still living under the imprint of the centuries long occupation in practically all his works stankovi presents strong characters who are at the same time victims of a strange weakness stemming from the realization that their time has irrevocably passed |
borisav stankovi takes the first place among the modern serbian writers before borisav stankovi serbian literature was limited to the northern and western serbian regions stankovi first introduced in the literature the southeastern serbian lands that part of old serbia which serbia liberated in 1877 1878 he is a bard of that new picturesque and interesting exotic world of his birthplace vranja where he spent his childhood that left the strongest and unforgettable memories and from which in his stories he cannot be set free he does not sing about the present vranja which is modernised but about vranja of the old days the patriarchal people with their narrow views but cordial life he describes what he saw and felt he usually describes people who really existed and events that really happened there is in his description of vranja life something very much vranjanian local interesting archaic serbian dialect moreover in all this realistic description of one of the serbian nooks where many archaic and patriarchal elements are still preserved there is also something very personal impressionistic lyrical in all his stories in which a struggle is going on between east and west between the personality and the masses passion and moral dream and reality poetry and prose of life in all these things to which he could give magnitude and verse stankovi always participates with all his open soul |
in 1928 recto temporarily retired from active politics and dedicated himself to the practice and teaching of law soon thereafter however he found the world of academia restrictive and soporific although he still engaged in the practice of law he resigned from his teaching job in 1931 and reentered politics he ran and won a senate seat and was subsequently elected majority floor leader in 1934 he was appointed associate justice of the supreme court from july 3 1935 to november 1 1936 by president franklin delano roosevelt |
recto presided over the assembly that drafted the philippine constitution in 1934 35 in accordance with the provisions of the tydings mcduffie act and a preliminary step to independence and self governance after a 10 year transitional period the tydings mcduffie act was written to replace the hare hawes cutting act which through the urging of manuel l quezon was rejected by the philippine senate the original bill would have allowed the indefinite retention of u s military and naval bases in the philippines and the american imposition of high tariff and quotas on philippine exports such as sugar and coconut oil after amendments the tydings mcduffie bill was passed and signed into law by president roosevelt |
he was reared and schooled in the spanish language his mother tongue alongside tagalog and he was also fluent in english he initially gained fame as a poet while a student at university of santo tom s when he published a book bajo los cocoteros under the coconut trees 1911 a collection of his poems in spanish a staff writer of el ideal and la vanguardia he wrote a daily column primeras cuartillas first sheets under the nom de plume aristeo hilario they were prose and numerous poems of satirical pieces some of his works still grace classic poetry anthologies of the hispanic world |
in 1929 his article monroismo asi tico asiatic monroism validated his repute as a political satirist in what was claimed as a commendable study in polemics he proferred his arguments and defenses in a debate with dean m ximo k law of the university of the philippines where k law championed a version of the monroe doctrine with its application to the asian continent while recto took the opposing side the original monroe doctrine 1823 was u s president james monroe s foreign policy of keeping the americas off limits to the influence of the old world and states that the united states mexico and countries in south and central america were no longer open to european colonization recto was passionately against its implementation in asia wary of japan s preeminence and its aggressive stance towards its neighbors in his deliberation he wrote about foreseeing the danger japan posed to the philippines and other asian countries his words proved prophetic when japan invaded and colonized the region including the philippines from 1942 to 1945 |
recto is considered the finest mind of his generation through his speeches and writings he was able to mold the mind of his filipino contemporaries and succeeding generations a skill only excelled by jose rizal s though in comparison recto was much closer to apolinario mabini for rizal was not specifically known for his speaking ability and was a reformist in his time recto was unique compared to his peers in that he was one of the more notable nationalists against imperialism |
recto is not a good speaker no he will arouse no mob but heaven help the one whose pretensions he chooses to demolish his sentences march like ordered battalions against the inmost citadel of the man s arguments and reduce them to rubble meanwhile his reservations stand like armed sentries against the most silent approach and every attempt at encirclement by the adversary the reduction to absurdity of nacionalista senator zulueta s conception of sound foreign policy was a shattering experience the skill that goes into the cutting of a diamond went into the work of demolition there was no slip of the hand no flaw in the tool all was delicately perfectly done recto cannot defend the indefensible but what can be defended he will see to it that it will not be taken |
his critics or fellow historians claim that recto s brilliance is overshadowed by his inability to capture nationwide acceptance his lack of popularity frequently saw him at the bottom of senate votes and he sometimes lost the senate elections even leftist groups and maoists in the 1970s criticized him for being too much of an elitist he was seen as out of touch with the poor and only garnered less than nine percent of votes when he ran for president in 1957 he could have been an exceptional leader perhaps a great president but his appeal was limited to the intellectual elite and the nationalist minority of his time though others argued that he was just too ahead of his time in the same article political editorialist manuel l quezon iii laments this fact |
recto s leadership was the curious kind that only finds fulfillment from being at the periphery of power and not from being its fulcrum it was the best occupation suited to the satirist that he was his success at the polls would be limited his ability to mold the minds of his contemporaries was only excelled by rizal s but he was admired for his intellect and his dogged determination to never let the opposition be bereft of a champion still his opposition was flawed for it was one that never bothered to transform itself into an opposition capable of taking power |
however one possible explanation as to why recto was never able to capture full national acceptance was because he dared to strongly oppose the national security interests of the united states in the philippines as when he campaigned against the us military bases in his country during the 1957 presidential campaign the central intelligence agency cia conducted black propaganda operations to ensure his defeat including the distribution of condoms with holes in them and marked with courtesy of claro m recto on the labels |
a few months later liniers took part in a new expedition this time against the city of algiers in north africa which was the main base of the barbary corsairs with the aim of forcing them to stop piracy and the barbary slave trade as the campaign did not go well for the spanish navy madrid tried to negotiate instead liniers was entrusted with this mission the king of tripoli was delighted with liniers and agreed to free several european prisoners the barbary pirates associated with north africa had long been attacking european shipping in the mediterranean and had taken numerous prisoners over the years |
the spanish court rewarded liniers for this diplomatic success promoting him to the rank of captain and entrusting him with the command of the r o de la plata in 1788 to organize a flotilla of gunships liniers took with him his son luis and his first wife juana de menviel whom he had married in m laga she died two years later in 1790 liniers married again this time in buenos aires to mar a martina sarratea daughter of one of the richest merchants of buenos aires |
the napoleonic wars expanded to south america britain gained naval supremacy over france with its victory at the battle of trafalgar france attacked britain by imposing the continental system locking the continent to british trade needing new markets britain attacked buenos aires and montevideo two spanish colonies in south america spain was allied to france in the war home riggs popham attempted to invade buenos aires without official orders he knew the risk if he succeeded britain would honour his deed but if he failed he would be condemned for it |
june 23 1806 a british expeditionary force of 1 700 men landed on the left bank of the r o de la plata and invaded buenos aires which had been abandoned by the viceroy liniers remained in the city in disguise staying in the dominican convent at the altar of the virgin he vowed to return with the flags of the occupiers he escaped to montevideo and with the help of its governor pascual ruiz huidobro galvanized the people raising a troop of 1 200 volunteers |
he embarked with this liberation army on a few schooners which joined a french privateer corvette landing on august 4 liniers and his men rushed across the marshes to buenos aires the city was recovered after fierce street fighting that ended with the storming of the cathedral which had been fortified by the british british general william carr beresford capitulated and offered his sword true to liniers s vow british flags those of the highlanders regiment and green st helena were transferred to the church of the convent of the dominicans where they are still held |
there was a large number of celebrations after the victory against the british liniers was officially appointed as viceroy in may 1808 and awarded the title of count of buenos aires however this victory of the argentine people which was obtained without any military help from spain led to a new political situation in which some will for independence started to emerge in this configuration liniers who appeared to be a fantastic leader during the emergency crisis began to be criticized by the different parties including the conservative members of the cabildo led by lzaga |
in this context every action coming from liniers became a source of criticism as an example his relation with ana p richon la pericona was severely pointed out forcing him to lock her at her home and later to deport her to colonial brazil in the same spirit his french birth became highly controversial when france invaded spain and started the peninsular war which included the removal of the spanish king and queen by the french occupying forces despite the clear statements by liniers of remaining loyal to the spanish empire and his refusal to accept joseph bonaparte as king his political enemies created rumours that he was plotting to accept bonaparte they also promoted in the r o de la plata the xenophobia that was taking place in spain against the french as an indirect means to attack liniers and lower his prestige the arrival of sassenay an agent of napoleon seeking recognition for joseph bonaparte as king of spain boosted rumors and controversy |
the criollo peoples promoted the carlotist project which tried to crown charlotte of spain sister of ferdinand as regent of the spanish territories in the americas under a constitutional monarchy the project did not achieve success the news of the creation of the junta of seville was seen by both criollos and peninsulars as a chance to create similar governments locally but they had different perspectives on the political line such governments should have javier de el o governor of montevideo and allied with lzaga created a junta in the city lzaga set off a mutiny to do the same in buenos aires but the forces under the command of cornelio saavedra defeated it and kept liniers in power lzaga was jailed and the military bodies that took part in the mutiny were dissolved which left only military bodies loyal to the criollos |
the c rdoba cabildo gave recognition instead to the regency council of c diz and cisneros secretly gave authorization to liniers to raise the viceroyalty against the junta liniers wrote to other royalist leaders trying to organize the forces to fight against buenos aires the junta decided that among the many enemies that could threaten it c rdoba was the most dangerous so an army led by ortiz de ocampo was sent to fight against it however there was no fighting the counterrevolutionary army was severely damaged by espionage desertions and sabotage the mere proximity of the troops from buenos aires caused the complete dispersion of the army gathered by liniers liniers and the other top personnel of the counterrevolution tried to flee in multiple directions but ocampo captured them all |
liniers had been recognized in life with a street of buenos aires named after him after the triumph against the british invasions however after the counterrevolution and the new number of heroes of the argentine war of independence most names of such streets were modified in 1822 during the government of mart n rodr guez the former liniers street consisted of the modern defensa and reconquista streets the higher recognition to the heroes of the war of independence stayed but liniers got renewed recognition with time the buenos aires neighborhood of liniers is named after him as well as the santiago de liniers municipality in the misiones province |
the strategic importance of the area limited by the vistula bug wkra and narew was known to various armies throughout the ages the first fortified stronghold was built in zakroczym by the piast dynasty in the 11th century however first modern fortified position was built there in 1656 by the swedish armies during the deluge the so called bugskansen was a star shaped fortified military camp located probably close to the confluence of the narew and the vistula at the so called swedish island the camp was also guarding a wooden bridge over the vistula prior to the battle of zakroczym and served as the main supply depot of the swedish army during the battle of warsaw of july 1656 after the swedish defeat the fort was demolished in 1660 and the area remained unfortified for roughly 150 years |
after the partitions of poland the area was incorporated into the russian empire shortly afterward jan pieter van suchtelen a dutch military engineer in russian service prepared a construction plan for a mighty fortress in the area named after the nearby town of zakroczym the fort was to be a bastion fortress located approximately 1 5 km from the rivers and with several forts guarding the area from the west however the project was never accomplished as in 1806 the area became part of the duchy of warsaw a rump polish state created by and allied to napoleon bonaparte |
from the very beginning of french presence in poland bonaparte s engineers started to fortify the border with russia expecting either a russian offensive towards western europe or a future offensive of the french armies towards petersburg and moscow in december 1806 while in pozna napoleon ordered a fort to be built on two islands located at the confluence of the narew and the vistula the fortification was to be temporary and was to become primarily a supply depot and a huge granary serving as a supply centre for the forces operating in poland or russia the construction started almost immediately although chief engineer of the french forces gen fran ois de chasseloup laubat decided to build the fortress on the northern bank of the river rather than on the islands the work started in early 1807 yet went on very slowly it was not until the following year that the pace was speeded up and in 1809 the first casemates and walls were ready it was there that the core of the polish army was stationed after the battle of raszyn against the invading forces of austria soon after the outer rim of defences on the right bank of the vistula was ready it ran more or less along the inner line of modern fortifications it consisted of a semi circular earthwork reinforced with wooden stockade and five bastions in addition the area was guarded by two fortified bridgeheads one in kazu on the left bank of the vistula and the other next to nowy dw r mazowiecki |
in 1810 the very concept of the fort was changed and napoleon decided to turn modlin into a pivotal fortress in his line of fortifications and expand it significantly by adding an outer rim of defenses general de chasseloup laubat was replaced with a famous french engineer jean mallet de granville later a naturalized pole under the name of jan malletski aided by gen fran ois haxo it is not certain whether the authors of the expansion were the two to supervise its construction or napoleon himself the works continued on a very fast pace as napoleon was planning his campaign in russia and envisioned modlin to become the main fortress behind his lines by september 1811 more than 19 000 people were taking part in the works because of that the authorities of the duchy of warsaw were considering to grant modlin with a city charter which however did not succeed although the following year shortly before the outbreak of the franco russian war the number of workers exceeded 20 thousands the fortress was never fully completed |
the french plans included a fortified area composed of three semi independent fortifications the main line of defences was located on the right bank of vistula and narew and was composed of a polygonal fortification with 4 bastions and 3 linking ravelins one facing the utrata river one facing the village of modlin and one in the centre the ravelins were between 800 and 1000 meters away from the main line of fortifications in order to reinforce the defenses against new models of heavy artillery the second part of the fortress was the kazu bridgehead on the left bank of the vistula composed of a single ravelin the third was a redoubt located between vistula and narew and the fourth was an artillery nest located on the swedish island among the engineers to supervise the construction were also gen ignacy pr dzy ski gen prevo vernois and lt col filip mi ciszewski after the defeat of the grande arm e at moscow the fortress was taken over by the forces of the duchy of warsaw on february 5 1813 the russian army of 36 000 soldiers arrived to the fortress and laid siege to it the polish forces under dutch general herman willem daendels defended the fortress until december 1 1813 it was the last of the french fortresses along the vistula to capitulate |
after the november uprising of 1830 the russian rule over congress poland became more severe the modlin fortress was renamed novogeorgievsk in 1834 and during the years 1832 1841 underwent a huge expansion to host garrison troops who were tasked with preventing another polish uprising as well as defense of russia s western frontiers it was part of the chain of fortresses which included warsaw ivangorod and brest litovsk the most notable new work built was a fortified barracks building 2 200 m in length which was to serve as the last line of defense for the fortress after 1841 construction work largely ceased and over the next 40 years the fortress gradually became obsolete however in 1844 the large granary building was built at the estuary of the narew river polish architect jan jakub gay designed the granary not only for storing food but also as a defensible position at the bridgehead of the rivers |
when relations between germany and russia deteriorated in the 1880s with germany entering the triple alliance potentially aimed against russia the decision was made to expand the fortress and upgrade it to modern standards in the years 1883 1888 eight modern forts were added roughly forming a ring with 2 to 4 km distance from the central fortress in the following years these forts were modernized at the same time additional defensive works were built to integrate the fortress into the larger fortified region around warsaw |
in 1909 when general vladimir sukhomlinov became the war minister for the russian empire one proposal he made was to scrap the bulk of the russian fortress system and novogeorgievsk was a prime example of why they should be scrapped the outer forts were initially built at a distance of about eight kilometers from the citadel to protect it from attacking artillery by 1900 even field guns could fire past that distance sukhomlinov was overruled instead of being razed the fort system was slated for an 800 million ruble upgrade with a new belt of forts to be added the fortress was also to receive a large number of heavy artillery pieces the intensive new construction work started in 1912 and continued almost until the german army approached the fortress in 1915 during world war i the fortress was now designed to serve as a center of resistance deep behind enemy lines if the russian army were forced to retreat from poland the works were carried out in great haste not all equipment was fitted and some construction materials were improvised and hence of lower quality even with these defects the fortress with its nineteen forts was one of the strongest fortifications in europe at the outbreak of world war i the russian high command expected that if surrounded by the german armies it would hold out for many months serving as a major thorn in the german rear |
as of the census of 2000 there were 1 090 people 414 households and 313 families residing in the township the population density was 30 1 per square mile 11 6 km there were 509 housing units at an average density of 14 1 per square mile 5 4 km the racial makeup of the township was 95 32 white 0 64 african american 0 92 native american 0 09 asian 0 09 from other races and 2 94 from two or more races hispanic or latino of any race were 1 01 of the population |
in the united states how bizarre spent 32 weeks on billboard s mainstream top 40 chart peaking at number one in august 1997 due to the large amount of radio play it received this made omc the first new zealand artist to reach the number one spot on a billboard chart the song never charted on the regular billboard hot 100 as it was not released as a commercially available single the us which was a chart eligibility requirement at the time it also became a bmi certified million airplay song two years in a row |
john bapst memorial high school is a private independent college preparatory high school in bangor maine united states it serves approximately 500 ninth through twelfth grade students from 50 different communities in the region the majority of students who attend john bapst memorial high school come from the towns of orrington glenburn veazie dedham school administrative district 63 which includes the towns of holden eddington and clifton milford bradley and orland in 2011 2012 the school became a residential international school and now also serves approximately 50 international students from china vietnam korea kazakhstan spain germany austria albania egypt and elsewhere |
founded on september 10 1928 as a catholic school as a result of overcrowding at st john s school and bangor catholic high school for girls the school graduated its first class of girls in 1929 the school operated for four decades as a gender specific educational environment the school was bifurcated by the auditorium with the north wing for boys the south wing for girls later due to fire safety codes the rear parts of the auditorium were turned into the front hallways on the first and second stories which now connect the two wings of the original building |
the girls outdoor track and field team is the most successful team at bapst having successfully defended their state title for the 5th consecutive time in 2006 they are the current holders of the maine state class c title having won it from 2002 to 2006 the 2005 women s 3200 meter relay team currently hold the maine state record with a time of 9 43 30 the bapst cheering team is the only team to have ever won two consecutive state championships having won the class b title in 2005 and defended it in 2006 they now hold the eastern maine title for three years running |
the death of granville s parents and of his uncle the 1st earl of bath in 1701 placed granville in a position of power which the accession of queen anne in 1702 allowed him to employ with the help of his cousin hon john granville an influential tory leader he was elected member of parliament for fowey at the 1702 english general election when his elder brother sir bevill granville was appointed governor of barbados granville inherited his office as constable of pendennis castle in 1703 in parliament he operated in the sphere of harley who was an indifferent patron at first he was absent from the division on the tack becoming labelled a sneaker he was returned unopposed for fowey at the 1705 english general election and with the help of harley fended of an attempt to remove him from his post at pendennis castle his aspiration to obtain a post led him to support the court in voting for the court candidate as speaker on 25 october 1705 and he again supported the court on the place clause of the regency bill in february 1706 at the 1708 general election he was returned again for fowey the height of his fame during the godolphin marlborough administration came from his spirited defence of henry sacheverell in 1710 |
after the fall of the godolphin government granville became mp for cornwall at the 1710 british general election and on 28 september 1710 he was made secretary at war in this capacity he oversaw the passage of important bills on munitions and recruitment however his experience in the tory government was marked by family and legal strife he was the heir male to the senior line of the granville family following the death without progeny in 1711 of his cousin william granville 3rd earl of bath he was not in succession to the earldom and was in recognition raised to the peerage on 1 january 1712 as baron lansdown of bideford in the peerage of great britain and vacated his seat in the house of commons he was one of harley s dozen created at once to change the political balance in the whig dominated lord he expended time and money in an ultimately futile effort to secure the title of earl of bath despite some success his tenure in the war office was marred by accusations of corruption and expensive contested elections he was made a privy counsellor in 1712 |
in 1714 queen anne was succeeded by the hanoverian king george i who favoured the whigs almost all the tories who held office under anne were dismissed including lord lansdown embittered he began a secret correspondence with the jacobite old pretender james iii on 6 october 1721 james who refused to recognise his peerage baron lansdown bestowed by queen anne created him lord of lansdown viscount and earl of bath in the jacobite peerage of england with remainder to his heirs male on 3 november 1721 james created him duke of albemarle marquis monck and fitzhemmon earl of bath viscount bevel and baron lansdown of bideford in the jacobite peerage of england which supposed titles had no legal validity in the kingdom of great britain one of these titles referred to his family s supposed descent officially confirmed to the 1st earl of bath by warrant of king charles ii in 1661 from richard i de grenville d post 1142 of neath castle one of the twelve knights of glamorgan and a brother and follower of robert fitzhamon the norman conqueror of glamorgan the titles monck and albemarle referred to the fact that the 1st earl of bath had been granted reversion of his cousin monck s dukedom of albemarle should the duke have died without male progeny the title lansdown referred to lansdown hill near bath in somerset where his grandfather sir bevil grenville had met his heroic death at the battle of lansdown in 1643 the titles created on 3 november 1721 were with remainder to the heirs male of his body whom failing to his brother bernard granville and the heirs male of his body |
the algerian football federation was founded in 1962 after the algerian independence it joined the caf in 1963 and fifa in 1964 by this time no nation in the world had an official women s football team instead they appeared in the 1970s algeria s first recorded match dates back of the late 1990s on 14 may 1998 against france in cesson s vign the result was a heavy 0 14 defeat which is still algeria s worst result although the team was formed in 1998 a futsal team had played a game with morocco a year before in 1997 losing by 5 0 |
the team had its debut with nigeria on september 19 but they couldn t surpass them losing by the score of 0 4 the second game was with mali on september 22 and they recorded a 3 0 victory their only win in the tournament sedhane imloul and laouadi scored for algeria in this game with a chance to advance to the semi finals algeria played their last game facing cameroon algeria s nabila imloul scored the first goal of the match putting the team ahead 1 0 but cameroon scored in the 29 minute to equalize the game the final result was a 1 3 loss resulting in elimination from the tournament |
the second qualifying round rival was northern africa neighbors egypt who advanced to the second round by the withdrawal of eritrea the first leg in annaba on july 23 resulted in a 1 0 victory in favor of algeria produced by zerrouki s goal in the 57th minute the second leg was away in alexandria on august the 5th algeria defeated egypt with a 3 0 result the team qualified for the 7th edition of the african women s championship originally scheduled to be held in gabon but ultimately held in nigeria due to organizational issues |
the draw determined that algeria would be in group a along with hosts nigeria south africa and equatorial guinea the team didn t start well in the competition as they lost the first game with south africa 0 4 a worse result was registered in the second match where algeria faced the group favorites and 7 time champion of the tournament nigeria algeria lost this match 0 6 the only point algeria had in this edition was thanks to the last match a 3 3 draw with equatorial guinea boumrar one goal and bouhani two goals scored for algeria in this match algeria failed to advance to the next stage and was eliminated from the 2007 women s world cup |
in the qualifiers for the 2008 olympic games held in china algeria participated in the qualifiers but didn t manage to get it in the first round the algerian team won 3 0 in the first leg with mozambique and achieved one of the biggest wins in the second leg by 9 1 the team advanced to the next round in where they faced nigeria and won by 1 0 but had a loss in the second match by 6 0 algeria were automatically eliminated after the aggregate score was 6 1 |
in the 2010 awc 2011 world cup qualifiers algeria entered for the second time in a world cup qualifying round in the preliminary round of the 2010 awc against egypt but it later withdrew for unknown reasons they advanced automatically to the first round in where they were drawn to play with tunisia the first leg was played in home soil on 22 may in kol a and the final result was 1 1 the goal for algeria came in the extra time from laouadi in tunis on 5 june algeria got its revenge for the last year loss having a 1 0 victory the aggregate result was 2 1 in favour of the algerians and thus they qualified for the 2010 awc in south africa |
in the final tournament algeria s group was b also the same of equatorial guinea cameroon and ghana the opening match with ghana resulted in 2 1 defeat with the only goal being scored ouadah at the first four mins the team was winning 1 0 in the half time the second game with the 2008 champion equatorial guinea finished in a 1 0 loss with no chances of qualifying to the next round algeria s closing match was against cameroon and this last result was a 2 1 defeat naima bouhani scored the only goal for them the half time had a 0 0 draw algeria ended eliminated from both the 2010 awc and the 2011 world cup |
in the 2011 all africa games algeria entered the 2011 all africa games football tournament qualifiers but did not play any match as it was the only entry from the zone 1 north africa in the final tournament the team was in the group a with cameroon guinea and mozambique the first match had no goals from part of algeria but three of cameroon that did one defeat to them algeria beat mozambique by 7 1 with goals of meflah bouhani bekhedda marek and yahi the team did not play the game against guinea because it withdrew prior to playing the first match algeria advanced to the semi finals in where they lost with ghana by the score of 3 0 the match for the bronze medal was the first victory to south africa by 3 0 zerrouki bouhani and marek scored for algeria and gave them the bronze medal |
again in stade omar hamadi algiers algeria received tunisia in a chance to qualify to their fourth tournament the goals of both teams were scored in the first time the score was 2 1 in favour of the algerians laifa and captain sekouane scored in stade 15 octobre away soil algeria faced an aspirant tunisia that tied the game in the half time 2 2 sekouane s goal at the 81 mins put the match 3 2 algeria qualified again with an aggregate score of 5 3 |
the draw on 19 july 2014 in windhoek namibia host nation indicated that algeria would be in the group b with south africa cameroon and ghana this was the second time in a row that algeria was in the same group as cameroon and ghana the first match marked the second win and first of the algerian team in the tournament in 10 years the last being the 3 0 to mali in 2004 against ghana with a 1 0 from affak near to the end of the game in the second game they lost 2 0 to cameroon the last result against south africa wasn t very good as they lost by 5 1 houria affak again scored for the national team all of its games were played on the independence stadium in windhoek once more algeria didn t reached the world cup |
beck david hansen born bek david campbell july 8 1970 is an american musician singer songwriter and record producer he rose to fame in the early 1990s with his experimental and lo fi style and became known for creating musical collages of wide ranging genres he has musically encompassed folk funk soul hip hop electronic alternative rock country and psychedelia he has released 14 studio albums three of which were released on indie labels as well as several non album singles and a book of sheet music |
born and raised in los angeles beck grew towards hip hop and folk in his teens and began to perform locally at coffeehouses and clubs he moved to new york city in 1989 and became involved in the city s small but fiery anti folk movement returning to los angeles in the early 1990s he cut his breakthrough single loser which became a worldwide hit in 1994 and released his first major album mellow gold the same year odelay released in 1996 topped critic polls and won several awards he released the country influenced twangy mutations in 1998 and the funk infused midnite vultures in 1999 the soft acoustic sea change in 2002 showcased a more serious beck and 2005 s guero returned to odelay s sample based production the information in 2006 was inspired by electro funk hip hop and psychedelia 2008 s modern guilt was inspired by 60s pop music and 2014 s folk infused morning phase won album of the year at the 57th grammy awards his 2017 album colors won awards for best alternative album and best engineered album at the 61st annual grammy awards his fourteenth studio album hyperspace was released on november 22 2019 |
with a pop art collage of musical styles oblique and ironic lyrics and postmodern arrangements incorporating samples drum machines live instrumentation and sound effects beck has been hailed by critics and the public throughout his musical career as being among the most idiosyncratically creative musicians of 1990s and 2000s alternative rock two of beck s most popular and acclaimed recordings are odelay and sea change both of which were ranked on rolling stone list of the 500 greatest albums of all time the four time platinum artist has collaborated with several artists and has made several contributions to soundtracks |
beck was born bek david campbell in los angeles california on july 8 1970 the son of american visual artist bibbe hansen and canadian arranger composer and conductor david campbell bibbe grew up amid new york s andy warhol factory art scene of the 1960s and was a warhol superstar but moved to california at age 17 and met david there bibbe s maternal grandmother was jewish while his maternal grandfather artist al hansen was of norwegian descent and was a pioneer in the avant garde fluxus movement beck has said that he was raised celebrating jewish holidays and that he considers himself jewish |
beck began life in a rooming house near downtown los angeles as a child he lived in a declining neighborhood near hollywood boulevard he later recalled by the time we left there they were ripping out miles of houses en masse and building low rent giant apartment blocks the lower class family struggled financially moving to hoover and ninth street a neighborhood populated primarily by koreans and salvadorian refugees he was sent for a time to live with his paternal grandparents in kansas later remarking that he thought they were kind of concerned about his weird home life since his paternal grandfather was a presbyterian minister beck grew up influenced by church music and hymns he also spent time in europe with his maternal grandfather |
after his parents separated when he was 10 beck stayed with his mother and brother channing in los angeles where he was influenced by the city s diverse musical offerings everything from hip hop to latin music and his mother s art scene all of which would later reappear in his work beck obtained his first guitar at 16 and became a street musician often playing lead belly covers at lafayette park during his teens beck discovered the music of sonic youth pussy galore and x but remained uninterested in most music outside the folk genre until many years into his career the first contemporary music that made a direct connection with beck was hip hop which he first heard on grandmaster flash records in the early 1980s growing up in a predominantly latin district he found himself the only white child at his school and quickly learned how to breakdance when he was 17 beck grew fascinated after hearing a mississippi john hurt record at a friend s house and spent hours in his room trying to emulate hurt s finger picking techniques shortly thereafter beck explored blues and folk music further discovering woody guthrie and blind willie johnson |
feeling like a total outcast beck dropped out of school after junior high he later said that although he felt school was important he felt unsafe there when he applied to the new performing arts high school downtown he was rejected his brother took him to post beat jazz places in echo park and silver lake he hung out at the los angeles city college perusing records books and old sheet music in its library he used a fake id to sit in on classes there and he also befriended a literature instructor and his poet wife he worked at a string of menial jobs including loading trucks and operating a leaf blower |
beck began as a folk musician switching between country blues delta blues and more traditional rural folk music in his teenage years he began performing on city buses often covering mississippi john hurt alongside original sometimes improvisational compositions i d get on the bus and start playing mississippi john hurt with totally improvised lyrics some drunk would start yelling at me calling me axl rose so i d start singing about axl rose and the levee and bus passes and strychnine mixing the whole thing up he later recalled he was also in a band called youthless that hosted dadaist inspired freeform events at city coffee shops we had radio shack mics and this homemade speaker and we d draft people in the audience to recite comic books or do a beatbox thing or we d tie the whole audience up in masking tape beck recalled |
in 1989 beck caught a bus to new york city with little more than 8 00 and a guitar he spent the summer attempting to find a job and a place to live with little success beck eventually began to frequent manhattan s lower east side and stumbled upon the tail end of the east village s anti folk scene s first wave beck became involved in a loose posse of acoustic musicians including cindy lee berryhill kirk kelly paleface and lach headed by roger manning whose raggedness and eccentricity placed them well outside the acoustic mainstream the whole mission was to destroy all the clich s and make up some new ones said beck of his new york years everybody knew each other you could go up onstage and say anything and you wouldn t feel weird or feel any pressure inspired by that freedom and by the local spoken word performers beck began to write free associative surrealistic songs about pizza mtv and working at mcdonald s turning mundane thoughts into songs beck was roommates with paleface sleeping on his couch and attending open mic nights together daunted by the prospect of another homeless new york winter beck returned to his home of los angeles in early 1991 i was tired of being cold tired of getting beat up he later remarked it was hard to be in new york with no money no place i kinda used up all the friends i had everyone on the scene got sick of me |
back in los angeles beck began to work at a video store in the silver lake neighborhood doing things like alphabetizing the pornography section he began performing in arthouse clubs and coffeehouses such as al s bar and raji s in order to keep indifferent audiences engaged in his music beck would play in a spontaneous joking manner i d be banging away on a son house tune and the whole audience would be talking so maybe out of desperation or boredom or the audience s boredom i d make up these ridiculous songs just to see if people were listening he later remarked virtually an unknown to the public and an enigma to those who met him beck would hop onstage between acts in local clubs and play strange folk songs accompanied by what could best be described as performance art while sometimes wearing a star wars stormtrooper mask beck met someone who offered to help record demos in his living room and he began to pass cassette tapes around |
eventually beck gained key boosters in margaret mittleman the west coast s director of talent acquisitions for bmg music publishing and the partners behind independent record label bong load custom records tom rothrock rob schnapf and brad lambert schnapf saw beck perform at jabberjaw and felt he would suit their small venture beck expressed a loose interest in hip hop and rothrock introduced him to carl stephenson a record producer for rap a lot records in 1992 beck visited stephenson s home to collaborate the result the slide sampling hip hop track loser was a one off experiment that beck set aside going back to his folk songs making his home tapes such as golden feelings and releasing several independent singles |
feeling as though he was constantly trying to prove myself beck suffered a backlash with skeptics denouncing him as a self indulgent fake and the latest marketing opportunity in the summer of 1994 beck was struggling and many of his fellow musicians thought he had lost his way combined with the song s wildly popular music video and the world tour beck reacted believing the attention could not last resulting in a status as a one hit wonder at other concerts crowds were treated to twenty minutes of reggae or miles davis or jazz punk iterations of loser at one day festivals in california he surrounded himself with an artnoise combo the drummer set fire to his cymbals the lead guitarist played his guitar with the strings faced towards his body and beck changed the words to loser so that nobody could sing along i can t tell you how many times i was looking at faces that were looking back at me with complete bewilderment or just pointing and shaking their heads and laughing while performing during that period he later recalled despite this beck gained the respect of his peers such as tom petty and johnny cash and created an entire wave of bands determined to recapture the mellow gold sound feeling his previous releases were just collections of demos recorded over the course of several years beck desired to enter the studio and record an album in a continuous linear fashion which became odelay |
beck blends country blues rap jazz and rock on odelay the result of a year and half of feverish cutting pasting layering dubbing and of course sampling each day the musicians started from scratch often working on songs for 16 hours straight odelay s conception lies in an unfinished studio album beck first embarked on following the success of loser chronicling the difficult time he experienced there was a cycle of everyone dying around me he recalled later he was constantly recording and eventually put together an album of somber orchestrated folk tunes one that perhaps could have been a commercial blockbuster along with similarly themed work by smashing pumpkins nine inch nails and nirvana instead beck plucked one song from it the odelay album closer ramshackle and shelved the rest brother and feather in your cap were however later released as b sides beck was introduced to the dust brothers producers of the beastie boys album paul s boutique whose cut and paste sample heavy production suited beck s vision of a more fun accessible album after a record executive explained that odelay would be a huge mistake he spent many months thinking that i d blown it forever |
odelay was released on june 18 1996 to commercial success and critical acclaim the record produced several hit singles including where it s at devils haircut and the new pollution and was nominated for the grammy award for album of the year in 1997 winning a grammy award for best alternative music album as well as a grammy award for best male rock vocal performance for where it s at during one busy week in january 1997 he landed his grammy nominations appeared on saturday night live and howard stern and did a last minute trot on the rosie o donnell show the combined buzz gave odelay a second wind leading to an expanded fan base and additional exposure beck enjoyed but like several executives at geffen was bewildered by the success of odelay he would often get recognized in public which made him feel strange it s just weird it doesn t feel right it doesn t feel natural to me i don t think i was made for that i was never good at that he later told pitchfork odelay sold two million copies and put one hit wonder criticisms to rest during this time he contributed the song deadweight to the soundtrack of the film a life less ordinary 1997 |
in 2000 beck and his fianc e stylist leigh limon ended their nine year relationship beck lapsed into a period of melancholy and introspection during which he wrote the bleak acoustic based tracks later found on sea change beck sat on the songs not wanting to talk about his personal life he later said that he wanted to focus on music and not really strew my baggage across the public lobby eventually however he decided the songs spoke to a common experience a relationship breakup and that it would not seem self indulgent to record them in 2001 beck drifted back to the songs and called producer nigel godrich |
retailers initially predicted that the album would not receive much radio support but they also believed that beck s maverick reputation and critical acclaim in addition to the possibility of multiple grammy nominations might offset sea change s noncommercial sound sea change issued by geffen in september 2002 was regardless a commercial hit and critical darling with rolling stone revering it as the best album beck has ever made an impeccable album of truth and light from the end of love this is his blood on the tracks the album was later listed by the magazine as one of the best records of the decade and of all time and it also placed second on the year s pazz jop critics poll sea change yielded a low key theater based acoustic tour as well as a larger tour with the flaming lips as beck s opening and backing band beck was playful and energetic sometimes throwing in covers of the rolling stones big star the zombies and the velvet underground |
following the release of sea change beck felt newer compositions were sketches for something more evolved in the same direction and wrote nearly 35 more songs in the coming months keeping demos of them on tapes in a suitcase during his solo tour the tapes were left backstage during a stop in washington d c and beck was never able to recover them it was disheartening to the musician who felt the two years of songwriting represented something more technically complex as a result beck took a break and wrote no original compositions in 2003 feeling as though it might take him a while to get back to that territory he entered the studio with dust brothers to complete a project that dated back to odelay nearly half of the songs had existed since the 1990s |
guero beck s eighth studio album was recorded over the span of nine months during which several significant events occurred in his life his girlfriend marissa ribisi became pregnant they were married their son cosimo was born and they moved out of silver lake the collaboration with the dust brothers his second was notable for their use of high tech measures to achieve a lo fi sound for example after recording a sonically perfect version of a song at one of the nicest recording studios in hollywood the dust brothers processed it in an echoplex to create a gritty reverb heavy sound we did this high tech recording and ran it through a transistor radio it sounded too good that was the problem initially due to be released in october 2004 guero faced delays and did not come out till march 2005 though unmastered copies of the tracks surfaced online in january |