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guero debuted at number two on the billboard 200 selling 162 000 copies an all time sales high lead single e pro peaked at number one at modern rock radio making it his first chart topper since loser beck inspired by the nintendocore remix scene and feeling a connection with its lo fi home recording method collaborated with artists 8 bit and paza on hell yes an ep issued in february 2005 in december 2005 geffen also issued guerolito a fully reworked version of guero featuring remixes by the beastie boys ad rock the dust brothers john king and scottish electronic duo boards of canada guerolito combines remixes previously heard as b sides and new versions of album tracks to make a track by track reconfiguration of the album also released in 2005 was a brief overview a 12 track promotional only history of beck compilation cd sampler that featured a combination of older and newer beck tracks |
the information beck s ninth studio album began production around the same time as guero in 2003 working with producer nigel godrich beck built a studio in his garden where they wrote many of the tracks the idea was to get people in a room together recording live hitting bad notes and screaming said beck adding that the album is best described as introspective hip hop beck described the recording process as painful noting that he edited down songs constantly and he perhaps recorded the album three times for the release beck was allowed for the first time to fulfill a long running wish for an unconventional rollout he made low budget videos to accompany each song packaged the cd with sheets of stickers so buyers could customize the cover and leaked tracks and videos on his website months ahead of the album s release digital download releases automatically downloaded the song s additional video for each single sale and physical copies came bundled with an additional dvd featuring fifteen videos |
modern guilt was the final release in beck s contract with geffen records beck then 38 had held the contract since his early 20s released from his label contract and going independent beck began working more heavily on his own seven year old label which went through a variety of names his focus on smaller more quixotic projects beck moonlighted as a producer working with artists such as charlotte gainsbourg thurston moore and stephen malkmus beck worked for five or six days a week at the small studio on his property in malibu and founded record club a project whereby an entire classic album by the velvet underground leonard cohen inxs yanni would be covered by another singer in the span of a single day beck provided four songs for the film scott pilgrim vs the world 2010 each attributed to the title character s fictional band sex bob omb beck also collaborated with philip glass jack white tobacco of black moth super rainbow jamie lidell seu jorge childish gambino and the lonely island |
song reader a project beck released in december 2012 is 20 songs presented only as sheet music in the hopes that enterprising musicians will record their own versions the idea of song reader came about nearly fifteen years prior shortly after the release of odelay when sent a book of transcribed sheet music for that album beck decided to play through it and grew interested in the world before recorded sound he aimed to keep the arrangements as open as possible to re create the simplicity of the standards and became preoccupied with creating only pieces that could fit within the great american songbook in 2013 beck began playing special song reader concerts with a variety of guests and announced he was working on a record of song reader material with other musicians as well as possibly a compilation of fan versions |
in october 2013 beck signed to capitol records on january 20 2014 beck released the track blue moon which was to be the lead single for his twelfth studio album morning phase on february 4 second single waking light was released just prior to the official release of morning phase on february 21 2014 for the recording of the album beck reunited with many of the same musicians with whom he had worked on the critically acclaimed 2002 album sea change and likely because of this it has been noted that the two albums have a similar genre |
in the time after morning phase s release and general critical success beck mentioned that he had been working on another album at around the same time but that the new album would be more of a pop record shortly after morning phase s grammy wins on june 15 2015 beck released the first single titled dreams off this upcoming thirteenth studio album i was really trying to make something that would be good to play live he said shortly after its release however no further word was heard from beck pertaining to the release of the album on june 2 2016 almost a year after the initial release of dreams beck released a new single titled wow along with a lyric video of the song and an announcement that his still untitled album would be released on october 21 2016 in september 2016 the album was delayed with no new release date announced and on september 24 beck said he did not know when it s coming out it s probably in a few months once again however no further singles were released and no new release date was scheduled for the album |
on september 8 2017 beck released the single dear life which was quickly followed up with the official release of up all night on september 18 colors was released on october 13 2017 it was recorded at co executive producer greg kurstin s los angeles studio with beck and kurstin playing nearly every instrument themselves the experimental pop fused record received generally positive reviews from critics on july 18 2018 beck performed the title track colors and the first single wow on the late show with stephen colbert |
on april 15 2019 beck released a single co produced with pharrell williams titled saw lightning from his fourteenth studio album titled hyperspace the song dark places was released on november 6 with the album being released on november 22 on june 25 2019 the new york times magazine listed beck among hundreds of artists whose material was reportedly destroyed in the 2008 universal fire in may 2020 beck cancelled his 2020 tour dates due to the covid 19 crisis rescheduling them for a later date |
on june 20 2009 beck announced that he was starting an experiment called record club in which he and other musicians would record cover versions of entire albums in one day the first album covered by beck s record club was the velvet underground nico starting on june 18 the club began posting covers of songs from the album on thursday evenings each with its own video on september 4 2009 beck announced the second record club album songs of leonard cohen contributors included mgmt devendra banhart andrew stockdale of wolfmother and binki shapiro of little joy in the third record club venture wilco feist jamie lidell and james gadson joined beck to cover skip spence s oar the first song little hands was posted on beck s website on november 12 2009 the record club has since covered albums by inxs and yanni |
on june 19 2009 beck announced planned obsolescence a weekly dj set put together by beck or guest djs soon after on july 7 beck announced that his website would be featuring extended informal conversations with musicians artists filmmakers and other various persons in a section called irrelevant topics then on july 12 he added a section called videotheque which he said would contain promotional videos from each album as well as live clips tv show appearances and other rarities also in 2009 beck collaborated with charlotte gainsbourg on her album irm which was released in january 2010 beck wrote the music co wrote the lyrics and produced and mixed the album the lead single heaven can wait is a duet by beck and gainsbourg |
in late february 2010 it was announced that electronic artist tobacco of black moth super rainbow had collaborated with beck on two songs fresh hex and grape aerosmith on his upcoming album maniac meat tobacco revealed that in making the album beck sent the vocal parts to him and that they had never actually met in march 2010 beck revealed that he had produced songs for the new jamie lidell album compass in the summer of 2010 beck contributed songs to both soundtrack with let s get lost a duet with bat for lashes and true blood hbo original series soundtrack vol 2 with bad blood he also contributed songs to the soundtrack of edgar wright s film scott pilgrim vs the world which was released in august 2010 |
in 2011 he collaborated with seu jorge on a track titled tropic lia mario c 2011 remix for the red hot organization s most recent charitable album red hot rio 2 a follow up to the 1996 album red hot rio proceeds from the sales will be donated to raise awareness and money to fight aids hiv and related health and social issues he also contributed on the song attracted to us on turtleneck chain the second album from the lonely island also in 2011 beck produced a solo album by thurston moore of sonic youth called demolished thoughts an album he produced for stephen malkmus and the jicks mirror traffic was released in august 2011 |
in october 2011 it was widely reported that beck and producer hector castillo were collaborating with american composer philip glass to produce a remix album of the composer s works in honor of his 75th birthday the album rework philip glass remixed was released on october 23 2012 to critical acclaim and featured beck as both a curator and a performer in particular pitchfork described beck s 22 minute contribution to the album nyc 73 78 as a fantasia the most startling and original piece of music with beck s name on it in a while and the first new work to bear his own spirit in even longer reflecting on beck s contribution to the album glass remarked that he was impressed by the novelty and freshness of a lot of the ideas beyond his work as a performer beck acted as the album s curator bringing together a diverse collection of artists including amon tobin tyondai braxton nosaj thing and memory tapes whose work had also been influenced by glass in december 2012 an interactive iphone app titled rework was released to complement the album |
in 2015 beck collaborated with former fun frontman nate ruess on the single what this world is coming to which was one of the grammy winning artist s many works featured on his debut solo album grand romantic released in june 2015 he also collaborated with electronic dance music duo the chemical brothers on their most recent album born in the echoes providing lead vocals and also credited in writing for the track wide open released in july in 2016 beck collaborated with french electronic music band m83 providing vocals for the song time wind from their album junk he was also featured on tiny cities by flume he also collaborated with lady gaga on the song dancin in circles from her 2016 album joanne |
beck has described himself as both jewish and a scientologist through his parents he has been involved in scientology for most of his life his estranged wife marissa is also a second generation scientologist he publicly acknowledged his affiliation for the first time in a new york times magazine interview on march 6 2005 further confirmation came in an interview with the sunday tribune in june 2005 where he stated yeah i m a scientologist my father has been a scientologist for about 35 years so i grew up in and around it despite this beck disavowed previous reports of his being a scientologist in a november 2019 interview with the sydney morning herald and said i think there s a misconception that i m a scientologist i m not a scientologist i don t have any connection or affiliation with it he added that i was raised celebrating jewish holidays and i consider myself jewish |
beck performed a guest voice as himself on matt groening s animated show futurama in the episode bendin in the wind he performed in episode 11 of the fourth season of the larry sanders show in which the producer character artie rip torn referred to him as a hillbilly from outer space he also made a very brief voice appearance in the 1998 cartoon feature film the rugrats movie and guest starred as himself in a 1997 episode of space ghost coast to coast titled edelweiss |
on january 22 2010 beck appeared on the last episode of the tonight show with conan o brien as a backup guitarist for a will ferrell led rendition of lynyrd skynyrd s free bird alongside zz top guitarist billy gibbons ben harper and o brien himself on guitar on march 1 2014 beck was the musical guest on a saturday night live episode hosted by jim parsons beck also appeared as himself in the 2017 film the circle giving a musical performance of the song dreams |
while out lion hunting with his sturdy friend horemheb victor mature sinuhe discovers egypt s newly ascendant pharaoh akhnaton who has sought the solitude of the desert in the midst of a religious epiphany while praying the ruler is stricken with an epileptic seizure with which sinuhe is able to help him the grateful akhnaton makes his savior court physician and gives horemheb a post in the royal guard a career previously denied to him by low birth his new eminence gives sinuhe an inside look at akhnaton s reign which is made extraordinary by the ruler s devotion to a new religion that he feels has been divinely revealed to him this faith rejects egypt s traditional gods in favor of monolatristic worship of the sun referred to as aten akhnaton intends to promote atenism throughout egypt which earns him the hatred of the country s corrupt and politically active traditional priesthood |
life in court does not prove to be good for sinuhe it drags him away from his previous ambition of helping the poor while falling obsessively in love with a babylonian courtesan named nefer bella darvi he squanders all of his and his parents property in order to buy her gifts only to have her reject him nonetheless returning dejectedly home sinuhe learns that his parents have committed suicide over his shameful behavior he has their bodies embalmed so that they can pass on to the afterlife and having no way to pay for the service works off his debts in the embalming house |
lacking a tomb in which to put his parents mummies sinuhe buries them in the sand amid the lavish funerary complexes of the valley of the kings merit finds him there and warns him that akhnaton has condemned him to death one of the pharaoh s daughters fell ill and died while sinuhe was working as an embalmer and the tragedy is being blamed on his desertion of the court merit urges sinuhe to flee egypt and rebuild his career elsewhere and the two of them share one night of passion before he takes ship out of the country |
meanwhile the priests of the old gods have been fomenting hate crimes against the aten s devotees and now urge sinuhe to help them kill akhnaton and put horemheb on the throne instead the physician is privately given extra inducement by the princess baketamun gene tierney she reveals that he is actually the son of the previous pharaoh by a concubine discarded at birth because of the jealousy of the old queen and raised by foster parents the princess now suggests that sinuhe could poison both akhnaton and horemheb and rule egypt himself with her at his side |
sinuhe is still reluctant to perform this evil deed until the egyptian army mounts a full attack on worshipers of the aten kaptah manages to smuggle thoth out the country but merit is killed while seeking refuge at the new god s altar in his grief sinuhe blames akhnaton for the whole mess and administers poison to him at their next meeting the pharaoh realizes what has been done but accepts his fate he still believes his faith is true but that he has understood it imperfectly future generations will be able to spread the same faith better than he enlightened by akhnaton s dying words sinuhe warns horemheb that his wine is also poisoned thus allowing him to marry the princess and become pharaoh |
darryl f zanuck of 20th century fox bought the film rights in 1952 he announced the film would be his only personal production in 1953 marlon brando was going to play the lead and casey robinson would write the script robinson finished his script by march 1953 in april fox announced the film would be shot in its new wide screen technology cinemascope zanuck borrowed michael curtiz from paramount to direct in november 1953 victor mature joined the cast along with jean peters and kirk douglas in january 1954 fox said the cast would also include betta st john peter ustinov and bella darvi |
it was the film debut of darvi who was a protege of zanuck and his wife virginia darvi was a combination of darryl and virginia she eventually became darryl zanuck s mistress by january peters was out and replaced by jean simmons so only the right half of publicity materials had to be changed in october 1953 philip dunne signed a new three year contract with fox and joined the film dunne said robinson had done a pretty good script which was ultimately done in by casting dunne says he worked on the film as an unofficial producer |
in february 1954 a week before filming was to start brando took part in a reading of the script dunne says brando read the part absolutely beautifully but then curtiz said how can i with all my genius make you play this man who is one minute hero the next moment villain dunne says he went home to write a memo for curtiz then got a call saying brando had quit the film brando said he was unable to play his part due to mental strain and had his psychiatrist support him as location filming in egypt had already started fox sued brando for 2 million |
filming was postponed fox tried to borrow dirk bogarde from j arthur rank in britain hedda hopper suggested john cassavetes cameron mitchell then a fox contract star tested for the role of the pharaoh farley granger was the next choice and considered the role but then decided he was not interested after having just moved to new york other contenders for the role had been john derek and cameron mitchell who were all screen tested eventually the role went to edmund purdom borrowed from mgm mgm took 300 000 for purdom s services although he was only paid 500 a week cassavetes later credited hopper s public push for him as helping kick start his career in hollywood |
philip dunne later said he tried to get zanuck to cast cassavetes as the pharaoh but zanuck wanted an english actor to play it he thought all kings emperors and nobility should be played by english actors said dunne michael wilding played the part dunne says he also wanted dana wynter to play nefertiti he thought the actress just looked like the real queen but instead zanuck let michael curtiz cast some lumpish girlfriend who looked about as much like nefertiti as you or i do |
an odd job turnbull picked up while in africa at this time was working for the hollywood producer sam spiegel spiegel hired turnbull to assist in the construction and transportation of a boat needed for his film this boat was the african queen which was used for the feature film the african queen starring humphrey bogart and katharine hepburn 1951 after his first trip to africa turnbull traveled to yellowknife in the northwest territories where he worked as a geologist and gold miner for a year before he went back to school to obtain another degree |
turnbull became a naturalized citizen of the united states in 1965 after he moved to new york city to become curator in charge of african ethnology at the american museum of natural history in 1959 he later resided in lancaster county and was on staff in the department of sociology and anthropology virginia commonwealth university in richmond virginia other professional associations included corresponding membership of royal museum for central africa and a fellowship in the british royal anthropological institute he first gained prominence with his book the forest people 1961 a study of the mbuti people |
in 1972 having been commissioned to come up with an explanation and solution to the difficulties experienced by the ik people the controversial the mountain people was published the ik were a hunter gatherer tribe who had been forced to stop moving around ancestral lands through the seasons because it now involved the three national borders of uganda kenya and sudan forced to become stationary in uganda and without a knowledge base and culture for survival under such conditions they failed to thrive even to the point of starvation and death |
baltit served as the capital of hunza valley for over 750 years until the middle of the 20th century after pakistan became an independent country in 1947 the hunza province controlled by the mir voluntarily joined pakistan earlier the capital had been shifted from the area around balit down to the lower part of the hills where new buildings were erected which became the new capital karimabad the new town has developed into a tourist place following the development of the karakoram highway with a number of shopping complexes dealing in handicrafts hotels restaurants and travel agencies |
two later members of the sturp team john heller and alan adler published their own peer reviewed analysis concluding that the stains were blood heller j h and a d adler blood on the shroud of turin applied optics 19 2742 4 1980 heller j h and a d adler a chemical investigation on the shroud of turin canadian society of forensic sciences journal 81 103 1981 nickell adds that at the 1983 conference of the international association for identification forensic analyst john e fischer explained how results similar to theirs could be obtained from tempera paint mccrone adhered to his opinion that comparison of microscopic images showed that the stain on the shroud was not blood |
in 1986 she began working for digital equipment corporation where she spent 12 years first at the western research laboratory while at digital equipment she developed and patented a method for generating complete address traces for analyzing and designing high speed memory systems her experience running the ever expanding systers mailing list which she founded in 1987 led her to work in email communication as a consultant engineer in the network systems laboratory under brian reid she developed mecca an email and web based system for communicating in virtual communities |
borg was recognized for her accomplishments as a computer scientist as well as for her work on behalf of women in computing she received the augusta ada lovelace award from the association for women in computing for her work on behalf of women in the computing field in 1995 in 1996 she was inducted as a fellow of the association for computing machinery in 1999 president bill clinton appointed her to the presidential commission on the advancement of women and minorities in science engineering and technology she was charged with recommending strategies to the nation for increasing the breadth of participation fields for women |
choose life license plates have been criticized by abortion rights organizations which have argued that in authorizing them but not offering plates conveying a pro abortion message at the same time states have carried out viewpoint discrimination to this charge russ amerling choose life inc s publicity coordinator has replied that rights groups have just as much right to have a plate as we do as long as they go through the same process we did and not try to piggy back onto the various states choose life bills he also pointed out that no rights groups have ever applied for a plate of their own in any state until an group applied for a choose life plate |
before june 2015 the united states supreme court had not yet clearly spoken on the legality of choose life specialty plates and the federal circuits were split on their legality the 4th circuit had twice held that issuing an anti abortion plate but not a pro abortion plate is impermissible viewpoint discrimination but the 6th circuit held the opposite the 2nd and 7th circuits had ruled that states could refrain from allowing any discussion of abortion on plates when walker v texas division sons of confederate veterans was rendered in june 2015 however it allowed states to determine whether it wants controversial language on their plates or not including pro or anti abortion rights language which precluded further litigation in new york against having the plates as had been decided a month earlier in the 2nd district or further litigation in north carolina for the plates where the interpretation of the 4th circuit that it was viewpoint discrimination to have one and not the other was reversed in 2016 after a review was demanded by the supreme court in light of walker |
shortly after lowery s former group camper van beethoven disbanded in 1990 he began demoing material along with boyhood friend guitarist johnny hickman after moving from redlands california to richmond virginia lowery and hickman recorded a demo tape later nicknamed big dirty yellow demos by the group s fans which included early versions of songs that appeared on later albums they eventually chose the name cracker and teamed up with fellow redlands bass guitarist davey faragher a brief tour with virginia drummer greg weatherford followed |
a year later cracker issued its best selling album kerosene hat the album included hit singles low and get off this both with official music videos directed by carlos grasso as well as a cover of the grateful dead s loser the album sold almost half a million copies that year and eventually almost reached platinum status urbano performed on kerosene hat and toured with cracker before leaving the band along with faragher after a short spell with bruce hughes lowery and hickman added bob rupe formerly of the silos as bass guitarist and charlie quintana bob dylan the juju hounds on drums in 1993 cracker contributed the song good times bad times to the album initially the band had recorded a rendition of when the levee breaks but it was deemed too weird |
three years later the golden age was released with i hate my generation as the lead single however the music scene was shifting away from guitar driven alternative rock and although critically acclaimed the album sold only moderately following the long term additions of drummer frank funaro and keyboard player kenny margolis the band returned in 1998 with gentleman s blues with the good life as the lead single although the album received only a lukewarm critical response it solidified an ever growing and devout following both in the united states and europe who referred to themselves as crumbs |
the group left virgin in 2003 with the independent release countrysides composed of eight country and western covers and one new original song a collaboration with the bluegrass band leftover salmon oh cracker where art thou 2003 contained bluegrass versions of many lowery and hickman compositions in 2005 cracker and camper van beethoven started an annual three night campout at pappy and harriet s pioneertown palace in pioneertown california close to where lowery and hickman met in which they and several other bands perform including sets by cracker and camper band members performing their own music previous years guests have included roger clyne john doe neko case ike reilly ryan bingham vermillion lies jason molina and magnolia electric co built to spill brant bjork and the bros clem snide gram rabbit and the bellrays |
in july 2014 a revival of the kerosene hat era lineup toured china lowery and hickman were joined on the tour by original bassist davey faragher and former drummer michael urbano faragher and urbano also joined the band in recording roughly half of the double album berkeley to bakersfield the other half was recorded with an entirely new lineup that also became the current touring lineup the album was released on december 9 2014 with waited my whole life released as a single |
kyiv city itself is divided into administrative raions districts which have their own units of central and local government with jurisdiction over a limited scope of affairs raions are the lowest level of the city s government although some of the raions include geographically distinct villages e g surrounded by forest as with other raions inside ukrainian cities kyiv city council is deputed to define the jurisdiction of its raions authorities however only verkhovna rada the parliament may create or liquidate the raions or change their administrative boundaries |
the president of ukraine appoints the head of the city state administration traditionally unlike other similar appointments in ukraine this appointment was purely formal because the constitutional court of ukraine ruled that the elected city mayor was to be also appointed as the head of the city state administration this provision is unique as other similar appointments of the local administration chiefs throughout ukraine are made by the agreement of the president and the prime pinister only in kyiv the mayor or council chairperson may combine their elected position with the executive position in the local state administration however this system was ended in 2010 when parliament empowered the president to replace the mayor as head of the state administration which the person of the president s choosing |
in 1909 after returning from england ava sued jack for divorce on november 19 and four months later on march 5 1910 the state of new york decreed in her favor she received a 10 million settlement their son lived with his father before leaving to attend harvard university while ava got custody of their seven year old daughter while vincent was in his second year at harvard jack was on the maiden voyage of the rms titanic and became one of the casualties while returning from his honeymoon with his new bride madeleine talmage force this event left young vincent as one of the wealthiest men in the united states |
more recently some modern interpreters have sought to question whether or not the passage should be read as describing junia as an apostle while the greek of romans 16 7 has often been translated as junia having been outstanding among the apostles which is an inclusive reading that numbers junia among the apostolic body some have recently argued that the greek warrants the exclusive reading of junia being well known to the apostles therefore excluding junia from being an apostle the latter reading is found in some translations today including the esv an example where an analogous greek construction is used in an exclusive sense is found in euripides hippolytus 101 3 where the goddess aphrodite is famous among mortals although not mortal herself however linda belleville has noted that 1 this is the only known example where a greek construction is used in this sense 2 it comes five centuries prior to the writing of paul 3 its relevance is placed into question by the fact it comes from a time when episemos had not yet acquired a comparative sense |
an argument for the esv translation appeared in a 2001 paper by michael burer and daniel wallace who agree that junia was a woman but assert that the correct rendition of the greek text places her as well known to the apostles rather than prominent among the apostles that translation would indicate that the pair were not apostles but that they enjoyed a high reputation among the apostles this rejection of junia s apostolic status has been criticized by linda belleville richard bauckham and eldon epp among other things burer and wallace were criticized for using a small sample size and for often including evidence from grammatical constructions that did not support their case belleville has marshalled similar grammatical constructions to the one in romans 16 7 showing consistence with an inclusive reading such as but you bethlehem in the land of judah are by no means least among the rulers of judah matt 2 6 cf acts 4 34 1 peter 5 1 a common argument among belleville bauckham and epp is that all native speakers of koine greek in the earliest years of christianity read paul s letter as describing junia as an apostle bauckham writes that writers such as origen and john chrysostom were educated native speakers of greek they had no reason for thinking andronicus and junia to be apostles other than supposing this to be the meaning of paul s greek more recently developing considerations made by bauckham and jewett on paul describing junia as being a follower of christ before him and raising further discussion on paul s views on apostolic legitimacy yii jan lin has additionally argued for junia s apostolic status |
joanna the wife of chuza is also mentioned alongside mary magdalene and other women as those who first visited the tomb and found it to be empty and it is to this group of women including joanna that jesus first appears to and instructs them to tell the disciples to meet him in galilee in matthew 28 8 10 bauckham notes that paul describes junia as having been a member of the christian community prior to him and given that paul himself converted within three years of the death of jesus that would require junia to have been a member of the community from a very early period furthermore whereas joanna is a hebrew name junia is a latin name jewish individuals often adopted a second latin name that were nearly sound equivalents to their original name joanna and junia act as near sound equivalents in the native languages which bauckham says is indicative of the identification between the two finally paul describes junia as being prominent among the apostles given that junia is described as an earliest member of the community and as one of the most prominent members that she is not named elsewhere is indicative as bauckham argues that she and joanna are the same individual given joanna s high prominence during the ministry of jesus |
while some debate proliferated beginning in the first half of the 20th century it has now been widely accepted that junia was a woman until the 12th century there is no record of junia being interpreted as a man and it takes until the 13th century for an author to make that claim where the feminine name junia was altered to the masculine name junias as such some scholars see junia s apostleship and the reference to her in as proof that paul the apostle whose name is ascribed to thirteen epistles in the new testament encouraged female leaders in the church though some modern translations that are committed to complementarianism present both andronicus and junias as males |
the first reference to junia as a male comes from a medieval alteration of a passage by the church father origen who originally describes junia as a female two other individuals quoting origen rabanus maurus and tyrannius rufinus also have junia in the feminine it was also in the medieval period that medieval scribes began replacing the name junia in biblical manuscripts with the masculine version junias as a result of prejudices against the possibility of a female apostle being described in the pauline letters one writing attributed to epiphanius of salamis a christian living in the 4th century also appears to describe junia as a male however this work is only known from as early as the 9th century and is most likely to have been misattributed by then to epiphanius as another medieval example of the masculinization of junia being back dated to the period of the church fathers there are later references as well e g gidius of rome also called giles of rome in english ca 1243 1316 in the late middle ages though without explanation two centuries later in 1512 jacques lefevre also considered junia a man even though in the latin translation available to him the name was clearly feminine a different feminine version julia is found in five manuscripts the earliest one being papyrus 46 |
the earliest copies of the greek texts for are majuscules i e written only in capital letters without accent marks because the gender of the name depends on accentuation the name itself is insufficient to determine gender and reliance is instead placed on patristic evidence by the time accentuation appears in manuscripts of the new testament junia is unanimously accented as a female name the critical greek text of the new testament produced by erasmus in 1516 for example accented the name as feminine and this continues in every critical greek text with a single exception in the 1858 alford edition until 1928 when the novum testamentum graece accented it as male this caused a monumental shift towards masculine accentuation until 1998 when the feminine form came back to domination |
only one record of the male name junias has been discovered in extra biblical greek literature which names him as the bishop of apameia of syria three clear occurrences of junia have been found while earlier searches for junias in latin also yielded no evidence it is reported that junias has been found as a latin nickname or diminutive for the name junianas which was not uncommon both in greek and latin while this is a possibility historical studies on the name junia as a contracted form of junianas has shown there are over 250 citations of the name junia in antiquity all of which have been found to refer to women with not one single case proven to be the abbreviated form of junianus to junia meanwhile the name junia is attested multiple times on inscriptions tombstones and records most notably the half sister junia secunda of marcus junius brutus |
in 2008 without dismissing the possibility of junia being a latin female name al wolters suggests the possibility that iounian accented on the second syllable was the accusative case of being a hellenized form of the hebrew name y unn which would enable the possibility of this being a male name however in one response wolters argument has been accused of being teleologically driven lin has noted of the two possibilities the latin name junia is attested over 250 times whereas the hebrew rendering wolters proposes only has 2 attestations making the former more probable furthermore lin also notes that the parallel name mentioned in the verse andronicus is also a latin name this being consistent with junia as a latin rather than a hebrew name |
his most noted work during the early part of his career was for the caf at the tate gallery completed in 1927 when he was only 22 he was commissioned to produce posters and illustrations for shell petroleum and the radio times he also created designs for wedgwood china based on drawings he made of the devon village of clovelly and costumes after hogarth for the premiere production of william walton s ballet the wise virgins produced by the sadler s wells company in 1940 |
wilson frequently intervened in the affairs of other countries specifically latin america saying in 1913 i am going to teach the south american republics to elect good men these interventions included mexico in 1914 haiti from 1915 1934 dominican republic in 1916 cuba in 1917 and panama in 1918 the u s maintained troops in nicaragua throughout the wilson administration and used them to select the president of nicaragua american troops in haiti under the command of the federal government forced the haitian legislature to choose the candidate wilson selected as haitian president wilson felt that the us had a duty to spread democracy and used aggressive moral diplomacy to ensure this objective |
the village has an approximate population of 80 people and consists of a north part and a south part this village as well its neighboring villages had a much higher population several decades ago but migration to the major greek cities such as athens and abroad namely to the united states diminished the population tremendously presently there are mostly elderly greeks who reside in the village while their children return from the large metropolitan areas for weekend vacations or major holidays |
the closest ruins to the village are in the larger towns of longanikos and kastoria in longanikos a visitor can find sites such as the church of agios georgios 1375 a d the church of the holy apostles of agioi theodoroi 1380 a d the church of the assumption of the virgin mary 15th century the fountain at vergdeika the mansion of papakalos end of the 18th century and the church of the prophet elias built in 1810 which is decorated with artifacts from the 10th to 11th centuries many of the surrounding villages have ancient medieval and early modern attractions as well such as kastoria agoriani and vordonia in the latter the remains of a medieval frankish fort can be found |
cartwright was a successor to ben jonson and is often counted among the sons of ben the group of dramatists who practiced jonson s style of comedy the collected edition of his poems 1651 contains commendatory verses by henry lawes who set some of his songs to music by izaak walton alexander brome henry vaughan and others cartwright and lawes maintained an important working relationship for perhaps a decade prior to cartwright s death in 1643 in one view lawes made a significant contribution to cartwright s conception of drama |
on 1 september 2016 seven independent racecourses fakenham ffos las hexham newton abbot plumpton ripon and towcester lead by arc arena racing company started an alternative service known as the racing partnership trp racing from the six arena courses including doncaster southwell lingfield park and wolverhampton became available on trp from 1 january 2017 with all other arc and independent racecourses being added to the schedule over the following year trp s media technology and production and head of production are both ex sis employees |
robson golightly green was born on 18 december 1964 in dilston hospital in hexham northumberland and grew up in dudley a small mining village south of cramlington his father also named robson green was a miner and his mother anne was a cleaner and shopkeeper he was named in the northeast tradition of naming the first son after family surnames robson was his paternal grandmother s maiden name while his middle name golightly is the surname of his maternal grandmother cissie golightly daughter of william golightly a miner and well known trade union leader in the 1920s |
green attended dudley middle comprehensive school after being inspired by jets flying overhead he decided he wanted to join the royal air force and at the age of 16 he joined the air training corps though he decided against a career in the raf after two weeks at an officer training camp he also learned to play the guitar later forming his first band solid state in 1982 he also spent one night a week at the backworth drama centre and appeared in a series of productions at both school and backworth |
green left school aged 16 with five o levels and joined swan hunter s shipyard as a draughtsman on one occasion he also tried his hand at professional boxing he attended three boxing training sessions for the play francie nichol in which he played a boxer after two years at swan s green decided on a career in acting after auditioning he began training under the tutelage of artistic director max roberts his previous director at backworth during his training he continued his musical career as a member of a successful local band the workie tickets |
growing up in tyneside green was chosen to be the lead in a film made by amber films that narrated the contemporaneous social problems faced by working class people in thatcher s britain each episode examined one aspect of living in a harsh and embittered environment the soap opera gave green his big break in film it was quickly followed by offers of work green first made his name as an actor in the bbc series casualty but after three series moved to national prominence as fusilier dave tucker in the drama series soldier soldier |
in 1995 one episode called for green and co star jerome flynn to sing unchained melody subsequently itv was inundated by people wanting to buy the song and the pair were persuaded by simon cowell to release it as a single a double a side with white cliffs of dover it stayed at no 1 for seven weeks in the uk singles chart selling more than 1 8 million copies and making it the best selling single of the year and winning the duo the music week awards in 1996 for best single and best album subsequently they had two further no 1 singles and two no 1 albums all remakes of standards |
the song gave green the opportunity to sign a long term deal with itv to star in several of the network s dramas including touching evil grafters and reckless in 1996 he set up an independent production company coastal productions with business partner sandra jobling to give youngsters from the north east the opportunities he struggled for the company has since produced or co produced most of green s television work as well as local productions at the theatre royal in newcastle upon tyne in 2002 green starred as clinical psychologist dr tony hill in the crime drama wire in the blood |
green presents his own series extreme fishing with robson green and the spin off robson s extreme fishing challenge where he travels over the world investigating and participating in the sport coining fishing catchphrases such as get in and we re in during 2009 while promoting the second series on bbc breakfast green claimed that 90 of all coarse fish caught by anglers die this rapidly caused an angry response from coarse fishing anglers in the uk who believed this comment to be unsubstantiated and potentially damaging to the sport |
in 1990 the series was officially named world challenge and was restructured to adopt rules similar to the european group a for homologated production cars the higher cost sports classes were dropped after 1996 leaving the class format as it would stand until 2010 speed tv network began sponsoring the series in 1999 with fields growing the series began separate races for the gt and touring classes in 2000 which would remain until 2010 in 2010 the series moved away from the partnership with speed and signed a broadcast partnership with versus now nbcsn for coverage the series moved existing touring cars into a new gts class while changing the rules for the touring car class to reduce costs and keep cars closer to stock |
the roman geira a roman road crosses the region which formerly connected the roman civitates of asturica augusta and braccara augusta long stretches of the road along the homem river are still preserved along with several roman bridges and numerous millenarium markers the germanic tribe of the buri accompanied the suebi in their invasion of the iberian peninsula and establishment in gallaecia modern northern portugal and galicia the buri settled in the region between the c vado and homem rivers in the area later known as terras de bouro land of the buri the move from the terraced cliffs and slopes to the lowland river valleys brought on a patterned of new deforestation |
the reforestation of uncultivated lands imposed by the government in 1935 reduced the available pastures and contributed to a rural exodus that continued after the 1950s yet it was still common practice for the residents of mountain communities to spend part of the year in two locations primarily near castro laboreiro from about easter to about christmas residents would live in homes over 1 000 m above sea level known as branda from the portuguese brando meaning mild or gentle in the remaining part of the year these inhabitants would occupy homes in the river valley known as inverneira from the portuguese inverno meaning winter |
in 1997 peneda ger s was included in the natura 2000 network and in 1999 designated a special protection area for wild birds moreover it also encompasses an important area of natural forest which forms part of the european network of biogenetic reserves and is recognized as a national park by the international union for conservation of nature in 2007 it was accepted in the pan parks network that certifies the quality protected areas according to rigorous criteria of nature conservation cultural services and sustainability |
the park is a vast amphitheatre shaped space sculpted during the variscan orogeny by geological forces wind and water and extends from the castro laboreiro to the mourela plateaus encompassing the serra da peneda serra do soajo serra amarela and the serra do ger s these form a barrier between the ocean plains to its west and the plateaus in the east the highest peaks are peneda 1340 m soajo 1430 m amarelo 1350 m ger s 1545 m and altar dos cabr es 1 538 m located on the border with galicia continuing into this territory as part of the serra do xur s |
the granitic rocks that dominate this shield were deposited during the process of continental collision that brought together the lower iberian peninsula with europe between 380 million and 275 million years the oldest of them at amarela date from 310 million years ago the most extensive of the granitic rocks that occur within the park are the peneda ger s pluton which is an exposed relief that became exposed around 290 296 ma by the ger s lovios fault sedimentary layers laid down between 435 and 408 ma silurian epoch were deformed and metamorphosed into schists greywackes and quartzites such as in the area of castro laboreiro also dykes and sills formed from quartz and aplite pegmatites were mineralized resulting in tin tungsten molybdenum and gold which would become the focus of mining in the human era at the now closed mines of carris and borrageiro generally the lithological structures can be divided into three layers |
during the pleistocene approximately 1 8 to 0 001 ma ago climatic variations resulted in an extension of glacial fields to the mid latitudes while there are no remnants of glaciers now their ice age products u shaped valleys moraines glacial deposits polished and natural granite surfaces are identified in the serra da peneda serra do soajo and serra do ger s mountain ranges the principal watersheds that cross the park are those of the minho occupying 2 of the park lima 47 8 and c vado 50 2 with brooks and waterfalls common on many of the mountain slopes in addition to several secondary tributaries such as the homem rabag o castro laboreiro and arado rivers the lima cuts across the pnpg east to west while the c vado serves the southern limits of the districts of vila real and braga fractures in the landscape have confined the rivers to deep straight valleys and are visible in the younger granite outcrops visible in the uncovered higher altitudes owing to the number tributaries the construction of hydroelectrical dams has been undertaken to generate electricity across six locations alto rabag o paradela cani ada vilarinho da furna touvedo and lindoso |
soils within the elevated terrains and inclined spaces are non existent while the valleys are rich and deep deposited and transported by pluvial action these strata are textured permeable easily worked albeit with a weak consistency and marked by the peculiarities of local agriculture the incorporation of biomass and elevated precipitation along with the low autumn winter temperatures give an origin to the alterations in ph levels the elevated levels of incompletely decomposed organic material low in phosphorus and intermittently low high in potassium are subject of alluvial deposition |
the floristic diversity includes 823 vascular taxa that occur in 128 types of natural vegetation the oak forests which are common throughout the park are specifically concentrated in ramiscal peneda ger s and beredo river valleys these forested are dominated by an alliance between the pyrenean quercus pyrenaica and european quercus robur oaks which themselves are differentiated among the lower altitudes and exposed flanks the rusceto quercetum roboris and those oaks with atlantic characteristics myretillo quercetum roboris the first association are commonly found with european oak quercus rober cork oak quercus suber butcher s broom ruscus aculeatus maple acer pseudoplatanus and portuguese laurel prunus lusitanica while the second association unites the european and pyrenean oaks with bilberry vaccinium myrtillus strawberry tree arbutus unedo and european holly ilex aquifolium in upper altitudes there are patches of european oak that enter into their own association holco quercetum pyrenacia which is integrated into another group quericon robri patraea these oaks have been over the course of human settlement the object of intense use resulting in a general degradation of the spaces into nothing more than shrubbery |
the bush and shrublands which characterize the remainder of the spaces 74 of the park are dominated by dwarf ulex minor and european ulex europaeus gorse and heather erica umbellata and calluna vulgaris with a mixtures of common juniper juniperus communis southern heather erica australis in the upper altitudes while lower altitude bush includes cross leaved heather erica tetralix dwarf gorse ulex minor dorset heath erica ciliaris common sundew drosera rotundifolia pale butterwort pinguicula lusitanica marsh violet viola palustris and purple moor grass molinia caerulea |
there are 627 flora species identified by serra and carvalho 1989 as under pressure and considered endangered which included two medicinal plants tutsan hypericum androsaemum and sundew drosera rotundifolia based on the protection list of botanical species and uicn categories 18 are considered in risk of extinction 17 are vulnerable and one is rare they also identified two species as extinct within the park boundaries a geranium geranium lanuginosum and fragrant orchid gymnadenia conopsea there are three endemic species those factors that have been identified that threaten these habitats include natural and manmade fires use of forest for fuel wood and agricultural use of habitats |
approximately 235 vertebrate species were identified within the boundaries of the park of which 200 are threatened or under protection these include three species of bat under pressure of the eight that exist greater horseshoe bat rhinolophus ferrumequinum lesser horseshoe bat rhinolophus hipposideros and mediterranean horseshoe bat rhinoloplus euryale other species of particular importance the iberian shrew sorex granarius the european pine marten martes martes the european wildcat felis silvestris the gold striped salamander chioglossa lusitanica and the snub nosed viper vipera latastei a few of the local species are protected by the convention on the conservation of european wildlife and natural habitats the red squirrel sciurus vulgaris whose habitat is restricted and marginal in continental portugal is another species that is common to the park after four centuries absent from portuguese territory its population began to be recorded in 1985 1986 in viana do castelo there were also registered sightings in albergaria lamas de mouro and serra da paneda while comparable encounters in spain were identified across the border roe deer which are a symbol of the park are encountered in prolific quantity along the margins of the park where they find shelter and food |
meanwhile other mammals such as the population of iberian wolf canis lupus signatus have collapsed with human encroachment while the number of exemplars are limited along with the golden eagle the wolf was seen as a threat to livestock were almost hunted to extinction although protected by law since the end of the 20th century brown bears disappeared from the region in the 17th century and the extinct portuguese ibex capra pyrenaica lusitanica locally known as ger s goat was last seen in the 1890s more than a century later its vacant ecological niche was reoccupied naturally by spanish ibex coming from galicia and their population numbered about 100 animals by 2011 |
there are 147 avian species that are associated with the peneda ger s park especially along the mourela region in the southern part of its frontier in this region although it might vary throughout the year given climate and season approximately 36 species make their nests in the area of particular note in this park are the hen harrier circus cyaneus european honey buzzard pernis apivorus common snipe gallinago gallinago red backed shrike lanius collurio yellowhammer emberiza citrinella garden warbler sylvia borin and whinchat saxicola rubetra for the winchat the area of mourela is the unique nesting ground in portugal while the red backed shrike and yellowhammer are limited to castro lombeiro plateau and northern corners of the park |
although there has been variable growth throughout the norte region there has been a general population decrease in those administrative units that fell within the peneda ger s national park 1981 1991 in the municipalities of melga o 16 8 arcos de valdevez 13 4 ponte da barca 6 1 terras de bouro 7 2 and montalegre 20 3 there was a population of 9 099 according to the 1991 census a 16 decrease from the 10 849 registered in 1981 there are no positive negative variations between civil parishes of those civil parishes that fell within the pnpg authority their populations dropped from 0 8 vilar da veiga to 38 6 sezelhe |
the primary economic sector dominates the activities of residents that live within the park s territory although agricultural activity remains difficult it still out paces secondary and tertiary activities which apart from the terras de bouro and ponte da barca have been insignificant the inaccessibility and diminished exterior investment potential has concentrated those activities in the region primarily in the exploration of forestry the support of hydro electrical generation and tourism but this too is limited tourism is concentrated generally in the vicinity of caldas do ger s hydro electrical transmission has not affected the local economy and along with forestry has not seen an appreciable re investment or re capitalization of wealth with income generated transferred outside the local market |
similarly tertiary activities are limited small operators commonly poorly diversified dominated by commercial establishments and focused on local consumption they are operated by families and do not generate much in employment caf s and restaurants are a good example of entrepreneurship with many dotting the settlement landscape of the park s limits primarily in the area of ger s other service sector activities are concentrated within the urbanized municipal seats and larger villages with many of the more dynamic nuclei the centre of postal services banks posts for the g n r or health centres |
locations near the few major roads are the most visited many of them are related to the religiousness of the people in northern portugal namely the shrines at senhora da peneda and s o bento da porta aberta others such as soajo and lindoso display small traditional granaries built of granite the espigueiros from the portuguese espiga meaning spike ear soajo is a typical portuguese village located on one of the slopes of peneda mountains the 24 espigueiros were erected on a granite slab and are still used today for drying corn |
in 1993 peter drucker outlined a possible evolution of capitalistic society in his book post capitalist society the book stated that knowledge rather than capital land or labor is the new basis of wealth the classes of a fully post capitalist society are expected to be divided into knowledge workers or service workers in contrast to the capitalists and proletarians of a capitalist society in the book drucker estimated the transformation to post capitalism would be completed in 2010 2020 drucker also argued for rethinking the concept of intellectual property by creating a universal licensing system consumers would subscribe for a cost and producers would assume that everything is reproduced and freely distributed through social networks |
in a participatory economy economic rewards would be offered according to need the amount of which would be determined democratically by the workers council hahnel also calls for economic justice by rewarding people for their effort and diligence rather than accomplishments or prior ownership a worker s effort is to be determined by their co workers consumption rights are then rewarded according to the effort ratings the worker has the choice to decide what they consume using their consumption rights hahnel does not address the idea of money currency or how consumption rights would be tracked |
planning in a participatory economy is done through the councils the process is horizontal across the committees as opposed to vertical all council members the workers and consumers participate directly in planning unlike in soviet type economies and other democratic planning proposals in which planning is done by representatives planning is an iterative procedure always being changed and improved upon that is accomplished at the level of either work or consumption all information and proposals are freely available to everyone those inside and outside of the council so that the social cost of each proposal can be determined and voted on long term plans such as structuring public transportation residential zones and recreational areas are to be proposed by delegates and approved by direct democracy i e voting by the population |
hahnel argues that a participatory economy will return empathy to our purchasing choices capitalism removes the knowledge of how and by whom a product was made when we eat a salad the market systematically deletes information about the migrant workers who picked it by removing the human element from goods consumers only consider their own satisfaction and need when consuming products introducing worker and consumer councils would reintroduce the knowledge of where how and by whom products were manufactured a participatory economy is expected to also introduce more socially oriented goods such as parks clean air and public health care through the interaction of the two councils |
blessed john payne roman catholic school was opened in 1959 in the original building now called the bosco building after st john bosco later the school was expanded with the addition of a second building now called the merici building it became known as st john payne roman catholic school after pope paul vi canonized john payne one of the forty martyrs of england and wales on 25 october 1970 in 1977 the former chelmsford technical high school building was acquired by the roman catholic diocese of brentwood and this is now known as the aquinas building in 2018 the school s sixth form building was opened and named after st anne line it was officially opened by the rt rev dr alan williams in october 2018 |
spanish explorer don juan de o ate named the pueblo pikuria which means those who paint the pueblo was influenced by the spanish particularly adoption of christian religious practices and letting go of traditional rituals and ceremonies the san lorenzo de picur s church was built of adobe by 1776 and was restored in the 21st century having been influenced by the spanish and then the americans for centuries the picuris adopted telephone and electrical services paved roads and television they resumed their traditional customs which are performed throughout the year and became self governing again in the mid 1920s the pueblo maintains a growing herd of buffalo |
in the mountains high above stallery lies stallery mansion known as a possibilities mansion and home to the count and his family conrad s uncle tells him that someone up at stallery mansion is pulling the possibilities that is changing the details of the world judging from the affluence of stallery this person is making a great deal of money by doing so perhaps by playing the stock market but this is adversely affecting the rest of the world at first only small details change the colour of the postboxes the titles of books but the changes keep getting bigger and bigger |
according to his uncle conrad is going to die within the year unless he kills the person pulling the possibilities someone he should have eliminated in a past life to kill this person conrad will need to secure a position at stallery mansion and then summon a walker someone who will give conrad what he needs to defeat his nameless foe conrad s uncle and his group of magician friends work a strange spell on a cork giving conrad who has possession of it the power to summon a walker at will conrad needs to be sure who this person is before he summons the walker however so instead of moving forward in school with his friends he is sent to work at stallery and study its inhabitants one of which is the person conrad needs to defeat |
conrad tesdinic conrad decides to take an alias at stallery and calls himself conrad grant as grant is his uncle alfred s surname christopher suspects this is false and so calls him grant in a superior and often sarcastic way all throughout the book conrad s uncle runs the bookshop in town and so he has a great love of books which makes the pulling of the possibilities very irritating for him as the book titles and minor details within the books change overnight he brings his camera with him to stallery and makes great use of it |
in 1838 the united states navy developed the 54 caliber single shot smoothbore elgin pistol which was equipped with an 11 5 inch bowie knife blade and was intended for use by boarding parties it was the first percussion cap gun in naval service but only 150 were made the navy specifically intended them for the wilkes south seas expedition reportedly in 1840 a naval landing party used the pistol to good effect when fijian warriors attacked the sailors on the island of malolo a few elgin pistols were still in use during the us civil war but proved unpopular the navy quickly replaced them with the m1860 cutlass which remained in service until the 1940s some found their way into civilian hands and some ended up in the old west |
the antarctic ice sheet is one of the two polar ice caps of the earth it covers about 98 of the antarctic continent and is the largest single mass of ice on earth it covers an area of almost and contains of ice a cubic kilometer of ice weighs approximately one metric gigaton meaning that the ice sheet weighs 26 500 000 gigatons approximately 61 percent of all fresh water on the earth is held in the antarctic ice sheet an amount equivalent to about 58 m of sea level rise in east antarctica the ice sheet rests on a major land mass while in west antarctica the bed can extend to more than 2 500 m below sea level |
if the transfer of the ice from the land to the sea is balanced by snow falling back on the land then there will be no net contribution to global sea levels the general trend shows that a warming climate in the southern hemisphere would transport more moisture to antarctica causing the interior ice sheets to grow while calving events along the coast will increase causing these areas to shrink a 2006 paper derived from satellite data measuring changes in the gravity of the ice mass suggests that the total amount of ice in antarctica has begun decreasing in the past few years a 2008 study compared the ice leaving the ice sheet by measuring the ice velocity and thickness along the coast to the amount of snow accumulation over the continent this found that the east antarctic ice sheet was in balance but the west antarctic ice sheet was losing mass this was largely due to acceleration of ice streams such as pine island glacier these results agree closely with the gravity changes an estimate published in november 2012 and based on the grace data as well as on an improved glacial isostatic adjustment model discussed systematic uncertainty in the estimates and by studying 26 separate regions estimated an average yearly mass loss of from 2002 to 2010 a sea level rise of the mass loss was geographically uneven mainly occurring along the amundsen sea coast while the west antarctic ice sheet mass was roughly constant and the east antarctic ice sheet gained in mass |
antarctic sea ice anomalies have roughly followed the pattern of warming with the greatest declines occurring off the coast of west antarctica east antarctica sea ice has been increasing since 1978 though not at a statistically significant rate the atmospheric warming has been directly linked to the mass losses in west antarctica of the first decade of the twenty first century this mass loss is more likely to be due to increased melting of the ice shelves because of changes in ocean circulation patterns which themselves may be linked to atmospheric circulation changes that may also explain the warming trends in west antarctica melting of the ice shelves in turn causes the ice streams to speed up the melting and disappearance of the floating ice shelves will only have a small effect on sea level which is due to salinity differences the most important consequence of their increased melting is the speed up of the ice streams on land which are buttressed by these ice shelves |
in terms of modern psychometric theory probabilitistic models which include thurstone s approach also called the law of comparative judgment the bradley terry luce btl model and general stochastic transitivity models are more aptly regarded as a measurement models the bradley terry luce btl model is often applied to pairwise comparison data to scale preferences the btl model is identical to thurstone s model if the simple logistic function is used thurstone used the normal distribution in applications of the model the simple logistic function varies by less than 0 01 from the cumulative normal ogive across the range given an arbitrary scale factor |
the dyeing of hair is an ancient art that involves treatment of the hair with various chemical compounds in ancient times the dyes were obtained from plants some of the most well known are henna lawsonia inermis indigo cassia obovata senna turmeric and amla others include katam buxus dioica black walnut hulls red ochre and leeks in the 1661 book eighteen books of the secrets of art nature various methods of coloring hair black gold green red yellow and white are explained the development of synthetic dyes for hair is traced to the 1860s discovery of the reactivity of para phenylenediamine ppd with air eug ne schueller the founder of l or al is recognized for creating the first synthetic hair dye in 1907 in 1947 the german cosmetics firm schwarzkopf launched the first home color product poly color hair dyeing is now a multibillion dollar industry that involves the use of both plant derived and synthetic dyes |
demi permanent hair color is hair color that contains an alkaline agent other than ammonia e g ethanolamine sodium carbonate and while always employed with a developer the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in that developer may be lower than used with a permanent hair color since the alkaline agents employed in demi permanent colors are less effective in removing the natural pigment of hair than ammonia these products provide no lightening of hair s color during dyeing as the result they cannot color hair to a lighter shade than it was before dyeing and are less damaging to hair than their permanent counterpart |
demi permanents have several advantages as compared with permanent color because there is essentially no lifting i e removal of natural hair color the final color is less uniform homogeneous than a permanent and therefore more natural looking they are gentler on hair and therefore safer especially for damaged hair and they wash out over time typically 20 to 28 shampoos so root regrowth is less noticeable and if a change of color is desired it is easier to achieve demi permanent hair colors are not permanent but the darker shades in particular may persist longer than indicated on the packet |