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To improve the results of Machine Learning projects, the Ensemble Modeling technique is used. This technique allows to obtain, thanks to a series of ensemble methods that use multiple models, a better predictive performance compared to the models from which it is made up. Machine Learning is a subset of artificial intelligence (AI) that deals with creating systems that learn or improve performance based on the data they use: it has unprecedented computational capacity, but on its own it cannot be perfect. Industry 4. 0 has always been synonymous with recovery and efficiency, which is also declined in terms of energy efficiency: Augmented Reality provides tools that enable the energy assessment of production systems and plants. Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Computing are often used as interchangeable terms, and as much as both refer to machines with human-like capabilities, there are some big and important differences. Lately it has occurred to everyone to hear mention of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), two emerging technologies in recent years. Although they are, incorrectly, equated and so confused they are very different from each other. iPaaS (integration Platform as a Service) is a technology platform on the cloud that integrates the different applications and data produced by a company.

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Last Supper, in the New Testament, meal taken by Jesus and his disciples on the eve of the passion. Jesus broke bread and passed a cup of wine among the disciples, identifying himself with the bread and the wine and linking the meal to his impending death on the cross. The meal was an anticipation both of Jesus' death and of the eschatological banquet referred to in several Old Testament passages and by Jesus himself. Christians see the Last Supper as the original of the Eucharist . The Synoptic Gospels depict the meal as a Passover meal the Gospel of St. John does not. The Last Supper has been a favorite subject of painting. See I. H. Marshall, Last Supper and Lord's Supper (1981). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: Christianity: General Browse by Subject - Earth and the Environment +- - History +- - Literature and the Arts +- - Medicine +- - People +- - Philosophy and Religion +- - Places +- - Australia and Oceania - Britain, Ireland, France, and the Low Countries - Commonwealth of Independent States and the Baltic Nations - Germany, Scandinavia, and Central Europe - Latin America and the Caribbean - Oceans, Continents, and Polar Regions - Spain, Portugal, Italy, Greece, and the Balkans - United States, Canada, and Greenland - Plants and Animals +- - Science and Technology +- - Social Sciences and the Law +- - Sports and Everyday Life +-

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Volcano Shoots Ash and Smoke Three Miles Into the Sky A volcano erupted in Indonesia, shooting smoke and ash over three miles into the sky. There are no reported injuries from Mount Sinabung's eruption. The mountain, located on the island of Sumatra, had been dormant for 400 years before erupting in 2010. The volcanic activity was registered on seismograph needles. The Volcanic Ash Advisory Center in Australia issued a "red notice" for planes.

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Phrasing and Structure Learn how to use phrasing and structure to shape your improvised or composed melodies. After completing this module: you will be able to improvise melodies that flow logically and meaningfully. Like building architectural structures, building musical structures begins with smaller elements, arranging them into larger sections, and fitting those sections together into the finished whole. - Shape Your Own Phrase - Licks, Riffs, and Motifs - Game of Licks - Call and Response - Structure and Form Phrasing seems an odd word to use when talking about music. It sounds like grammar, not music. But “grammar” is exactly what phrasing is about. Many beginning improvisers start with a scale, and run it up and down over the chords. But think of the notes of the scale like words. If you speak words in a jumble, even if they are the “right” words, the result can be unintelligible. and cat dog the the ate But with a few grammatical rules you can arrange the same words to express different ideas: And the dog ate the cat. And the cat ate the dog. The dog and the cat ate. The same goes with the notes in a scale. Here’s an improvisation using a major scale rather randomly: Random D Major Improv Now listen to this: Meaningful D Major Improv Same scale, same notes. But the phrasing made all the difference. So how does one know what notes to choose in what order? Part of that is determined by the inner harmonic architecture of a given scale, which gives meaning to the choice of pitches in the melody. Notes in a scale will naturally have a tendency towards degrees of tension or release, which we go into in depth with our Harmonic Tension and Release module. But beyond the ordering of notes themselves, there are more musical dimensions that can be used to shape a phrase. Dimensions of Phrasing You may have noticed some other musical tools besides note choice that gave shape to the second musically phrased example above. Let’s zero in on these other musical dimensions. Listen, carefully, to these two examples: You’ll hear that there’s more going on there than just the sequence of notes. Can you name two or three musical dimensions that are used here to give more shape to the musical phrase?

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A growing body of research demonstrates that LGBTQ+ youth face a number of increased social, mental health, educational and physical health concerns. It is not being LGBTQ+ that increases these risks. Rather, it is the lived experience of stigma, discrimination, isolation and prejudice that result in these challenges. - Attempt suicide, - Experience high levels of depression (Ryan, 2009), - Use illegal drugs (Gaetz, 2004), - Have high risk sexual encounters, - Be involved in an unintended pregnancy (US Department of Health & Human Services, Office of Adolescent Health, 2012), - Contract HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (Ryan, 2009), - Experience assault, - Experience dating violence, - Have been sexually assaulted, - Experience bullying (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014), and/or - Be street involved or homeless (National Coalition for the Homeless, 2009). I thought I was getting it together and now this. I was close to telling my friends I’m gay, but then I hooked-up with some girl at a party, and now I’m as confused as ever. I was sure that I was gay and that I like guys, but I’ve never had sex with a guy yet. When I told my aunt I was gay, she wasn’t surprised and even said that it’s all in the genes- I probably caught being gay from my uncle. Is it OK to like both guys and girls? What’s wrong with me? A date beat me up last night. Gotta make some money you know. How else am I going to get my own place? Funny, they pay extra to get a girl like me, but then they get pissed off about it, like they’re worried that they’re gay or something. Maybe I deserve it, you know? Still better than my own dad being the one to punch me and call me lady-boy while my mom just stands by and watches him throw me out. She could have said something. I’d rather be here on the street than there…what kind of parents are they? I’m just sick of all of this. - Sex: categories (male, female) to which people are typically assigned at birth. Sex assigned at birth typically appears on proof of identity documents, unless a person has documentation changed. - Sexual orientation: a person’s emotional and sexual attraction to others. It can be fluid and may or may not reflect sexual behaviors. Sexual orientation and gender identity are not the same thing. - Gender/gender identity: a person’s internal sense of identity as female, male, both, or neither, regardless of sex assigned at birth. - Gender expression: how a person presents their gender. This can include appearance, name, and pronoun. A cisgender person’s identity conforms to the cultural expectations of the sex assigned at birth. Language is fluid. Some terms may have a negative meaning for some people and other terms go out of favour. Terms change and new terms become more accepted. Some words, like “queer” have been reclaimed by some members of the LGBTQ+ community; others find these words hurtful and offensive. Some words that were once commonly used, like “homosexual” or “hermaphrodite” are now generally considered offensive. (Alberta Health Services, Sexual & Reproductive Health, Calgary Zone, 2017) The gender identity, behaviors and appearance of a person moves along a gender spectrum and/or challenges gender restrictions and norms. Related terms can include gender queer, gender non-conforming, gender neutral, pangender, tri-gender, agender, non-binary gender, or gender independent. - Active listening, - Having encouraging and positive body language, - Talking about and supporting a youth’s LGBT identity, - Advocating for a youth when they are mistreated, - Bringing youth to LGBT organizations or events, - Connecting youth with an LGBT role model, - Working to make a faith community supportive of LGBT members or find a supportive faith community that welcomes LGBT youth and their families, - Welcoming a youth’s LGBT friends and partner, - Supporting a youth’s gender expression, and - Believing youth can have a happy future as LGBT adults (Ryan et al. , 2010). For more information on how to be and ALLY click here. - Expressing disappointment when youth come out, - Discounting or ignoring LGBT youth, - Physical or verbal abuse, - Excluding youth, - Blocking access to LGBT friends, events and resources, - Blaming youth if they are discriminated against, - Pressuring youth to be more or less masculine or feminine, - Telling youth that God will punish them because they are LGBT, and - Telling youth to keep LGBT identity a secret and not letting them talk about it (Ryan, 2009). People are usually aware of their gender identity in early childhood (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2015), but gender expression and understanding of gender identity may shift over time. Children often experiment with gender roles. This is typical child development. Children who are transgender have consistent mild to severe discomfort with the sex they were born with and this can include confusion or stress about their genitals and expressing unhappiness at being the gender they have been assigned (Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario [CHEO] & Fedoroff, 2014). - Focus on the client and their needs not their sexual orientation or gender identity. - Avoid making assumptions about gender, sexual orientation, sexual behaviors/practices, family structures, or relationships. - Use inclusive language and be aware of non-verbal communication such as facial expression, body language and tone of voice. - Communicate as respectfully about people as you do to people. People recognize when these are not consistent. - Express willingness to learn about individual needs. Listen to what the client is saying, both in their words and in non-verbal communication. - Acknowledge and apologize for mistakes and slip-ups without dwelling on the issue. - Protect the confidentiality of all information. This includes not revealing gender identity or sexual orientation to others, even those who may be present at an appointment or session between the client and service providers. - Provide all-gender bathrooms and change rooms. - When possible, avoid separating people according to sex. When separation is required, consideration needs to be given to the client’s gender identity. - Include images of sexually and gender diverse people and families in posters, literature, and resources. - Create a non-discriminatory policy and code of conduct outlining the expectations and responsibilities of staff and clients. - Post a non-discriminatory statement that equal service will be provided to all clients regardless of age, sex, race, gender identity, gender expression, sexual orientation and religion. - Consider displaying LGBTQ+ welcoming symbols such as the trans flag and rainbow flag. - Take the time to learn more about LGBTQ+ inclusive practice. It is important for all staff (e. g., clerical, administrative, security, custodial, technical, executive, volunteer, and front line workers). For more information, see the resources below. - Teachers calling their classes to attention by saying “OK boys and girls;” or - Admission forms asking to identify as either female or male. - Joking or teasing about biological sex, gender identity or sexual orientation (such as, “you throw like a girl” or “that’s so gay”), or - Using derogatory slang (such as, homo or tranny). For more information on inclusive language see Rainbow Health Ontario (2016): - Crisis phone numbers - Peer chat or phone support - Social support - Mental health services and resources - Addiction treatment - STI testing and treatment - Sexual health clinical services - Anti-bullying information and advocacy - Victims of violence support - Domestic, dating and intimate partner violence education, prevention and safety planning - Housing first initiatives In addition to using the tips provided above, service providers can offer support by referring LGBTQ+ youth to these local community services: Crisis phone numbers To learn more about support, resources, inclusive practice and sexual diversity, see here: Alberta Health Services. (2011). E-SYS. Enhanced street youth surveillance Edmonton site results (1999-2010). Edmonton AB: Communicable Disease Control, Alberta Health Services. Alberta Health Services, Sexual & Reproductive Health, Calgary Zone. (2015). Sexual and gender diversity: Patient experience pilot project final report. Calgary: Author. American Academy of Pediatrics. (2015). Gender non-conforming and transgender children. Retrieved from https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/gradeschool/Pages/Gender-Non-Conforming-Transgender-Children.aspx Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014). Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender: LGBT Youth. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/lgbthealth/youth.htm Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario [CHEO], & Fedoroff, P. (2014). Gender identity and diversity. Retrieved from http://www.cheo.on.ca/en/genderidentity Gaetz, S. (2004). Safe Streets for Whom? Homeless youth, social exclusion and criminal victimization. Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 423-455. National Coalition for the Homeless. (2009). LGBT homelessness. Retrieved http://nationalhomeless.org/issues/lgbt/ Ryan, C. (2009). Supportive families, healthy children: Helping families with lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender children. San Francisco: San Francisco State University. Ryan, C., Russell, S. T., Huebner, D., Diaz, R., & Sanchez, J. (2010). Family acceptance in adolescence and the health of LGBT young adults. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 23(4), 205-213. US Department of Health & Human Services, Office of Adolescent Health. (2012). LGB Youth: Challenges, risks and protective factors. Retrieved from http://www.hhs.gov/ash/oah/oah-initiatives/teen_pregnancy/training/tip_sheets/lgb-youth-508.pdf

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NAT (Network Address Translation) is the translation of the IP address of a host in a packet. Use port forwarding to make computers on a private network behind the PK5001Z available outside the private network. If the PK5001Z has only one public IP address, you can make the computers in the private network available by using ports to forward packets to the appropriate private IP address. Below is a step-by-step list of instructions on creating port forwarding rules on the PK5001Z. 1. Open a web browser and go to http://192.168.0.1 to access the web configurator. 2. Do the following: - Enter the Administrator Username: admin (default) - Enter the Administrator Password: (located on the bottom of the modem) - Select "Apply". 3. Select "Advanced Setup". 4. Select "Port Forwarding" from the left menu pane. 5. Select a device from the dropdown, or manually enter the private computer's IP address the packets will need to be forwarded to. 6. Enter the port number or range you need open. If only one port needs to be opened, both starting port and ending port should be populated with the same info. - Starting Port - Ending Port 7. Select the Protocol for this service port (options are TCP, UDP, GRE or TCP/UDP). If the customer is unsure of the protocol the port they are attempting to open is, set this option to do both TCP and UDP (TCP/UDP) 8. Enter the remote port and IP information. This can be configured to limit access to the service ports you are trying to open. You can limit the service to only accept traffic from a specific public IP address, specific incoming ports or both. If traffic needs to be accepted from any public address, set the option to "All IP Addresses". 9. Select "Apply" to save the settings. 10. You can view a list of all the port forwarding rules you have entered/created, at the bottom of the screen. Note: If port forward rules are not showing up on the Port Forwarding List or you receive an error when attempting to open a port, check the UPnP service on the PK5001Z. If UPnP is enabled the port you are attempting to create a port forward rule for may have already been opened by the UPnP service. To check the UPnP status click on the "UPnP" option on the left pane on the web configuration menu. Disable the UPnP feature so that you can manually add the port forward rule, or verify that the UPnP service has opened the port for the correct private computer IP address. Testing and Troubleshooting To test if the ports are open you can visit a website with a port scanning tool to test the ports you have opened. Such sites include: Please note that port scanning only works on TCP ports as this protocol requires a handshake. If the services being hosted are common services such as port 80 (Web), 21 (FTP) or 3389 (RDP), you can use a web browser and/or the Remote Desktop Connection application built into Windows to test. If the test fails: - Reboot the PK5001Z. Unplug the router from the power, wait about 15-30 seconds and plug it back in. - Verify that the server computer hosting the services is accepting traffic. See if another computer on the private network can access the services. If the services do not work locally, they will not be accessible from the internet. - Disable the firewall on the computer to make sure it is not blocking the port traffic. - If the services are still not working after the firewall has been disabled, reboot the computer to restart the services. - Double check the computer setup to make sure the correct listening ports are active. (this is something the customer will need to check) - If the services are working perfectly for local computers, check the PK5001Z firmware version and make sure it is running the latest software patch. To check the current firmware patch and upgrade the firmware on the PK5001Z click on the "Utilities" menu across the top of the web configurator window. - Select the "Upgrade Firmware" option on the left pane. - Check what firmware the device is currently running and if there are any updates available. - If an update is available click the "Download" button to download and save the firmware file to the computer. - Click the "Choose File" button to select the software patch that was downloaded and saved on the previous step. - Click the "Upgrade Firmware" button to initiate the update process. This process takes roughly 5 minutes to complete. - Once the firmware on the PK5001Z is up to date try running the port scan again to test if the ports are open. - Click on the IPv4 Firewall option on the left pane. - Verify the IPv4 Firewall is disabled. - Find the "DMZ Hosting" option on the left pane. - Enable the DMZ hosting. - Select a device from the dropdown, or manually enter the private computer's IP address. - Click "Apply" to save the settings. - Run the port scan again to test if the ports are open.

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Getting started as an organic gardener 1) Think about the vegetables and herbs you enjoy eating and the flowers you enjoy looking at. Make a list of those you enjoy most, and think about which are hardest to find or most expensive to buy in stores – those are the ones you’ll want to grow. Sweet corn, winter squash, and watermelons are popular choices, but be aware that they take up a lot of space (winter squash, for example, should be planted at least 180 cm/6 ft apart). Other vegetables take more space than you might think – tomatoes, for example, should be planted at least 60 cm apart. Some plants that get big (cucumbers and beans, for example) can be trained up structures called trellises so they take less space. 2) Divide the crops you want to grow into cool-season crops (which do best in the spring and the autumn) and warm-season crops (which do best in the summer). Common cool-season crops include beets, broccoli, cabbage, carrots, cauliflower, collard greens, kale, lettuce and other salad greens, peas, potatoes, radishes, spinach and mustards. These crops can survive cold weather (even some frost). Popular warm-season crops include beans, corn, eggplant, okra, peppers, pumpkins, squash, tomatoes, and melons. These crops need very warm weather to grow and cannot survive frost at all. 3) Further divide the crops you want to grow into crops that can be grown from seed in the garden and those that are usually planted in a house or greenhouse and moved (or transplanted) into the garden as small plants. Of the crops listed above in step 2, broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, mustard greens, eggplant, kale, peppers, and tomatoes are almost always transplanted by new gardeners. Cucumbers, pumpkins, and watermelons are sometimes transplanted and sometimes not. 4) Using your lists from steps 2 and 3, above, figure out which plants you need and buy the seeds you need. 5) In August, or as early after that as you can, find a garden spot (or take whichever one you’ve been given). If you have a choice, your garden location should be flat and exposed to full sun all day. 6) Use whatever tool(s) you have handy to break up the soil throughout your garden. If at all possible, add some mulch, manure or compost. 7) Mark off the areas you plan to grow in with sticks. Leave paths in between that are at least 30 cm 8) Use your tool(s) to prepare smooth beds where the topmost soil is very fine (no large lumps). 9) Using the directions on the seed packets you bought, start planting seeds or transplanting the seedlings you had grown earlier. Leave space for the last minute additions that you hadn’t counted on. 10) Weed your garden regularly (at least once a week), and put down leaves, straw, newspaper, and/or cardboard around your crops to keep weeds from growing. Harvest crops as they mature. 11) When all danger of frost has passed (in late August or early September), transplant your warm-season crops into the garden as quickly as you can. 12) Continue weeding and harvesting through the summer, watering your garden thoroughly (for one hour or more) once a week if it has not rained. 13) As cold weather approaches in April/May, begin replacing warmseason crops with cool-season crops as the warm-season crops begin to die. 14) Harvest your garden for as long as you can.

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Do you suffer from acute stomach pain, abdominal cramps, gas or even diarrhea around half an hour after consuming milk or any dairy products each time? Then you might be a victim of ‘Lactose Intolerance’. Here are some important facts about the disorder: Causes of Lactose Intolerance At the time of milk or dairy products consumption, our body produces certain enzyme named ‘lactase’. It breaks down the ‘lactose’ present in those foods into glucose and galactose which are smaller, simpler and easy-to-digest sugars. But when our body becomes incapable of producing enough lactase, the digestion of lactose in our body gets interrupted due to lactase deficiency. Again, when our intestines get completely damaged or too weak to digest the lactose in case of gastrointestinal and other intestinal diseases, the undigested lactose reaches large intestine intact where several bacteria produces acids and gases from it by fermentation. In both cases, we suffer from lactose intolerance. Types of Lactose Intolerance When it comes to the symptoms and outcomes of lactose intolerance, individuals with different body chemistry may react differently. Based on them, it can be categorized into Mild Lactose Intolerance and Severe Lactose Intolerance. In case of people suffering from ‘mild lactose intolerance’, only the limited intake of dairy products or lactose containing foods is enough. But patients of ‘severe lactose intolerance’ should strictly stay away from foodstuffs that contain lactose as even the slightest trace of lactose can prove risky for them. However, lactose intolerance can also be divided into two more types – permanent and temporary lactose intolerance. Permanent lactose intolerance cannot be cured and the patients need to fight it all through their lives while the temporary issue can be controlled with the help of various antibiotics. Diagnosis of Lactose Intolerance If you have symptoms of lactose intolerance, you must opt for a hydrogen breath test followed by a regular medical checkup. In hydrogen breath test, the major diagnostic process for the problem, the person going through the symptoms are given certain lactose containing foods or solutions for intake and then asked to blow into a tube in order to take his or her breath sample. If the person is lactose intolerant, then the lactose of the foods or solution consumed by him or her will remain undigested and help form high levels of gas in the body which will eventually emit higher amounts of hydrogen and methane in the breath. Treatment & Remedies Generally, lactose intolerance cannot be healed with typical medications and treatments (except antibiotics). Individuals suffering from the issue should assess the amount of lactase formation in their body as well as its reaction to the problem in order to manage the disorder. Maintaining a food diary helps keep a track of which dairy products you can enjoy and which not. It also let you limit the amount of products you need to, and balance your dietary needs accordingly. Modifying food habits can also prove extensively helpful in managing lactose intolerance. Certain veg and non-veg foods such as broccoli, turnip greens, kale, almonds, dried fruits, tofu, salmon etc. provides necessary calcium without raising the lactose levels in your body. On the other hand, consuming easy-to-digest dairy products such as yogurt, cheeses, and other lactose-free foodstuffs can also be taken rather than drinking milk directly. You can also opt for some effective supplements and digestive aids available in the market. These products necessarily contain external lactase enzyme or stimulate the body to increase the internal production of it in order to treat lactose intolerance by digesting lactose efficiently.

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16-year-old Helena Muffly wrote exactly 100 years ago today: Thursday, October 5, 1911: Besse was out a little while this afternoon. Brought some chestnuts. Didn’t have any before. Such an extraordinary occurrence. Ruth’s cow had twin calves. Both are white, rather good lookers. Ruth and I carried one down out of the field and out to the barn. Then we put him in the express wagon and he tumbled out. Her middle-aged granddaughter’s comments 100 years later: This entry befuddles me. I’m surprised that Grandma considered chestnuts a treat when her married sister Besse brought them, and that she’d never previously eaten any. I would have guessed that chestnut trees were very common in central Pennsylvania in 1911—and my research supports that impression. Here’s what I found: Chestnut trees were once more popular in the US than they are today—but many died due to a chestnut blight. According t o Wikipedia, the blight was first identified on Long Island, New York in 1904—and chestnut trees largely died out in the US over the next 40 years. Wikipedia also says: In some places, such as the Appalachian Mountains and others, one quarter of hardwoods were chestnuts. Mature trees often grew straight and branch-free for 50 feet (15 m), up to 100 feet, averaging up to 5 feet in diameter. For three centuries, most barns and homes east of the Mississippi River were made from it. Bottom line—I still think that chestnut trees were common in 1911, so I’m still confused by this entry. It’s relatively rare for a cow to have twins. When I was growing up on a farm in the 1960’s we had a herd of 40 cows—and about one set of twins was born per year. I’m not sure how many cows the Muffly’s had, but it probably was in the range of 5 to 10 cows—so years probably went by between the birth of twins. I can almost picture Grandma and her sister Ruth chatting and laughing as they collaboratively worked to bring one of the calves down to the barn. For a discussion of how the Muffly children owned their own cows see the previous post on this topic.

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Excessive Thoracic Kyphosis The human vertebral column is made up 24 individual vertebra that align together to create three region of the spine known as the cervical, thoracic and lumbar. The human spine acts as a conduit for which a highway of nerves travel through to allow communication between the brain and all the parts of the body including the muscles. Our spine affixes itself to the ribcage and together they act as a house for all of our vital organs With that being said, its value cannot be underestimated. The goal of this article is to make the anatomy of the spine understandable and to show why it may be the cause of shoulder, back and even foot pain. The density of each individual bony vertebrae that make up the spinal column suggest that we as humans are built to last. When we look at our skeletal structure, we are so perfectly put together, that we should have the ability to stand effortlessly for hours. The spine itself was created with distinct alternating “C” shaped curves to better allow us the ability to respond to the downward forces of the gravity and the opposing forces of earth. As our foot hits the ground, a fully functioning spine and its intervertebral discs allow us to absorb and spread the impacts of the earth as we walk, run, jump, etc. As the connection between our upper and lower body, our spine also allows us movement capabilities forward, backward, side-to-side, and rotationally. It can easily be seen, how if we don’t take care of our spine first or if our spinal column becomes manipulated that dysfunction and pain can shortly follow. There are four alternating “C” shaped regions of the spine. Each of them serve of different responsibility but each can dictate the shape and movement function of the others. Modern America has turned us into a culture that is falling forward. What I mean is that with as much time that we spend sitting behind the wheel of a car, behind a computer screen, or texting we are teaching our bodies that standing upright through our entire spine is not necessary. What happens is that the muscles that recognize this and try to make it easier for us. Much in the same way that if with lift heavy weights with our arms, they will change shape. The muscles in our chest will being to shorten up to allow our arms to roll in and make it easier to grab a steering wheel or type on a computer. Those muscles between our shoulder blades will relax, and let our shoulders collapse forward, making us perfectly designed to be keyboard punching machines. To me, that is just awesome that the musculoskeletal system can do this. Think about it, your body can become what you do. The problem becomes when we want to do more than be at the mercy of a computer desk or steering wheel. Thoracic kyphosis is a postural syndrome that occurs when our shoulders roll forward. What happens on a skeletal level is that the scapula that is the house that holds your arm in place, spreads away from your spine and tilts forward. As a result, this makes it difficult to lift our arms over our head with moving other parts of the body. Essentially, the roof of that house has collapsed on your arms and a barrier to overhead lifting has been created. This barrier contributes to a lack of movement in your shoulder, compensation, pain and an impingement of the muscles that make up your shoulder. Impingement is kind of a scary word, which normally has one knocking on the door to a physical therapist office or orthopedist. You can gain a little heads up on an impending impingement by checking yourself with the following test. Stand tall, and take your right hand and place it on your left shoulder. Raise your right elbow as high as you can. If you will feel pain, that could be an indication that something isn’t right. Repeat on the left. The truth is likely, that the pain you feel is a result of what you do and don’t do. Although it may be unknowingly, the pain is your fault. Sitting too much, will change how far your spine falls forward, and therefore change just how well you can move. To better understand what I mean try this simple example. From a standing position, roll your shoulders as far forward as you can and try to lift your arms above your head. Now try doing the same, but stand up as tall as you can first. Obviously, there was a difference and it should have been much easier the second time when you stood up as tall as you could. Enough with the gloom and doom, I’m here to help you avoid pain-pills and doctor’s visits. Here are a couple simple test’s you can do to see just if your spine has fallen forward. First, just stand against a wall, lining up your heels, tailbone, shoulder blades and head against the wall. If you can’t get your head back without moving your feet forward or if you can slide your hand between the space between your lower back and the wall, then you have thoracic kyphosis. A lot of people will report back that feel like they are “falling forward. ” Just image what this means. Your body is having to work really hard everytime you stand up, just so you don’t end up face first on the ground. That cant be good. Another simple thing to do is have someone take a picture of you from the side. Your cheekbone, should be right above your collar bone. So, it should be obvious that something needs to be done. Essentially we need to exercise in opposition to how we see your body is acting. When I look that the example above, I see a body “falling forward,” so my plan begins and ends with the idea that I need to help you raise up. This could mean we start with releasing the muscles of the pecs or it could mean that we release the muscles that bend the hip backward. All that is subject to what you do and what your most significant deviations from good postural alignment are.

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Over the years, laptops have undergone so much upgrade and advancement, processor got multiplied, and hardware compacted into slim casing, improvement in graphics card resulting into higher resolutions, RAM multiplied and lots more that will exhaust my notepad. Despite these changes, overheating is a laptop problem that has been difficult to deal with. It seems laptop makers have not been able to get a solution to this. I am still watching out for that day when laptops will remain cold yet had worked for hours. Overheating causes hardware damage and may result into an irreversible failure of the laptop. Here are some tips on what to check if you discover that you laptop gets hotter than normal. 1. The Internal cooling system The fan designed to cool down the CPU and graphics card often suck dust and dirt while working and a resultant of retaining heat instead of releasing them. Open up your laptop casing and clean up the fan, you can seek technical assistance if you lack the knowledge on how to open up your laptop. The process includes dipping cotton wool in drops of alcohol to clean the fan, make sure the alcohol gets evaporated completely before you re-bolt your laptop. You may also make use of a vacuum cleaner or a bottle of compressed air for this cleaning process, simply blow out the dirt from the fan with them. 2. Avoid using your laptop on couching or soft surfaces The best place to use a laptop is on your lap or on hard surfaces. Laptops are built with ventilation holes which you will find under and at the sides of your laptop. The ventilation holes sucks in fresh air to help the cooling system function well. Couching, Bed or Pillow blocks the holes resulting into overheating of your laptop. 3. Use a laptop Cooler A laptop cooler compliments the cooling system of your laptop. Most laptops sucks air from the bottom, the warm air rises up. A laptop cooler is designed to sit under the laptop; it is fabricated to suck air away from the PC. You have to place the cooler correctly to maximize its cooling function. 4. Software Fixing You can also check some programs that has to do with power management and PC performance. Reducing the laptop screen brightness reduces the work load on the CPU. Underclock or Undervolt could be performed n Windows BIOS. Some surface tools could also be employed.

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The junior research group (JRG) "preventive medicine" examines different prevention appraoches für young people and the effectivness of these approaches. Prevention measures are particularly important since many children and adolescents are overweight. About 80 percent remain too heavy as adults. The prevalence of overweight and obesity is already high in children and adolescents, an especially in youths the prevalence rates are still rising. Significant metabolic and cardiovascular and further associated diseases can frequently be found already in these young age groups. Therefore, the prevention of overweight and adiposity is of prime importance in children and youths. Prevention should start as early as possible, ideally in kindergartens or primary schools. Additionally the transmission from adolescence to adulthood is a critical period for the development of obesity. Therefore, youths are a special target group for interventions. The aim of the research group is to establish and validate innovative and effective intervention programs to prevent adiposity and its associated diseases in children and youths. It will be crucial to lower the threshold for participation, to increase motivation and to use new media. Due to the manifold reasons for adiposity an interdisciplinary approach is inevitable. The research group preventive medicine therefore consists of experts in dietetics (Jana Markert, Catharina Reimann), in sports science (Andrea Grimm, Sandra Reichardt, Stefanie Koormann, Mario Wagner), in health science (Sabine Herget), in psychology (Carolin Güßfeld, Andrea Schwarz) and in medicine (Susann Blüher, Jacob Käpplinger). Further information can be found on the website of the junior research group "preventive medicine". Head of the group is Dr. habil. Susann Blüher. Duration: 2010 - 2015

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With the direction of the wind energy market moving toward bigger wind plants and bigger turbines, the role and sophistication of motion control is growing. With offshore installations expected to grow to five megawatts in the next few years, wind turbine OEMs are moving to individual blade control, advanced sensing and control techniques plus electromechanical systems to assure reliability, durability and precision. "Five years ago, the average size of a turbine was somewhere between 750 kilowatts and one megawatt. In 2008, the average size was approaching 1. 6 to 1. 8 megawatts," says Dheeraj Choudhary, business unit manager for Global Renewable Energy at Parker Hannifin Corp. "Over the next five years there will be a lot of turbines installed in the 2, 2. 50, 3 and 5 megawatt range. " Choudhary says that with wind turbines of this size, the diameter or span of the blades is more than 100m. Each blade is close to 50m and as long as 60 to 65m for the high end of the turbine size. No matter how lightweight the blades become, they need to have the structural integrity to last 20 years or more. And because each blade weighs anywhere from 10 to 20 tons, the engineering goal is effectively moving and controlling these large, awkward "wings" in high winds. "These blades almost never rotate in a smooth circular fashion. While spinning, they move around in response to wind gusts, side loading and torsional loading," Choudhary says. "So the challenges that we see in pitch control systems are not just reliability, durability and precision, but also controlling these blades so that the overall life of the turbine is preserved. " Dan Foster, engineering manager for Moog Industrial Group, says that "as the systems continue to grow in diameter, the loads on the blades, rotors and hubs have more variation. Increased loads on the blades, the rotor shaft and whole turbine translate into component wear, premature breakdown, imbalances of loading and torque on the towers and even the tower structure itself. " Foster says that this problem statement is what the industry needs to address. One of the biggest trends moving forward is the potential benefits of individual blade control and how it might help this situation. Today, most turbines are using independent pitch control with each blade independently controlled by a servo actuator device. However, all of the blades respond to the same command as they go through their cycle. "What individual pitch blade control provides is real-time feedback from blades or monitoring devices. An approach we are exploring is to embed sensors into the blades for real-time load feedback," says Foster. "The system closes the loop at the turbine level using that feedback to really significantly reduce the load variation from blade to blade. " The result is an ability to handle peak gusts better and more quickly. And also, as blades rotate 360 degrees, the system is able to provide dynamic control based on system parameters at any angle. At the blade's highest point, it has a significantly different load versus the wind flow as it's sweeping past the tower or toward the ground. It clearly creates a gradient, but use of dynamic control both increases the efficiency of the turbine and provides more useful wind-generating power. Wind turbine OEMs are split between electric or hydraulic solutions, and sometimes the same OEM will offer both technologies. With the move to the larger units, the turbines are either hydraulically or electromechanically controlled but, with areas such as China where 90 percent of the wind plants are electromechanical, there is a general trend toward electromechanical solutions. Bosch Rexroth recently added a new electromechanical pitch axis to its product line and is starting to put the first systems in the field. The new product is a complete pitch-axis control system featuring ac technology, redundant controllers and new power back-up technology using high-capacity capacitors. "We are not only providing the motor and gear box, but there is a need to mechanically actuate the blade and we are also providing the complete system," says Till Deubel, manager for Market Segment Energy for Bosch Rexroth. The system offers three controllers, a dedicated controller for each blade, which are networked together so they can redundantly replace each other if needed. If one of the controllers has a failure, the other two controllers can take over so that the operation of the wind turbine can continue. The system also features a new uninterruptible power supply with high-capacity capacitors. Until now, most systems have used batteries but the capacitors need less maintenance and are more durable over time. The system also connects with sensor technology to sense vibrations and load spikes. A condition monitoring system checks the electromechanical pitch axis at all times. Parker Hannifin classifies pitch control technology into three different segments. Electromechanical rotary systems use a geared ring with a gear box, an electric motor, drives and battery packs. Linear electromechanical systems use a push-pull type approach using an electromechanical cylinder and a rod while employing a similar control strategy as a rotary system. A third class of systems uses hydraulic cylinders and a power pack that produces power for typically double-acting cylinders or a set of push-pull cylinders, to move the blades. "As the wind turbines get larger, the rotary systems don't offer an optimum torque-to-weight ratio and are limited over time, with respect to precise positioning of the blades," says Choudhary. These rotary drives use an electric motor with a brake attached to a 100 to 1 gear reducer that connects to the slew ring gear using a pinion arrangement. The torque required to move these exceptionally large blades goes up disproportionally, along with the size and weight of the complete system. Over time, due to the vibration in the blades and constant grinding of the gear arrangement in the same range of motion, the precision of a rotary pitch system declines and causes more vibration in the blades. "So, essentially, it is a death spiral of progressively worsening pitch performance," says Choudhary. To avoid such issues in large and expensive turbines, Parker has elected to pursue linear hydraulics and linear electromechanical technology in its portfolio. "Using a linear approach, we eliminate the slew ring gear, position sensors and limit switches, pinions and the greasing of gears that is required," he says. This push-pull system has much better torque-to-weight ratio and is an intrinsically safe system with a self-locking mechanism. Both the electromechanical and hydraulic linear systems minimize involuntary rotary motion in the blades, minimizing the shocks from migrating to the drivetrain and preventing further degradation of performance. "What we are providing our OEMs is a technology platform that can be used with either a hydraulic or an electromechanical design approach for blade pitching, with the benefits of lower weight, higher precision, better durability and safety while influencing the life of the turbine in a positive way," says Choudhary. Bosch Rexroth's Deubel says hydraulics can offer an advantage in implementing newer ideas in pitch control. Today, usually all of the blades have the same pitch angle and the pitch angle is adjusted over time. But new ideas for individual pitch control would change the pitch angle depending on the position of the individual blade to compensate for the fact that there is more wind in the high position of the blade than in the downward position of the blade. There is a gradient where it is lower at the bottom, and ideas are under investigation about changing the pitch angle as the blade turns to compensate for that. Another possibility is changing the pitch angle at the moment the blade passes the tower to eliminate the wind shadowing effect which can generate both a noise and a small jolt to the whole wind turbine. Deubel says that using individual pitch control is a factor which should favor hydraulics because of the high dynamics and very quick response times required. Dan Foster of Moog says the key to individual blade control is both the development of algorithms and the robustness of the complete system. Because the complete system including the controller, servo drives, servo motors and sensors is spinning, reliability must be extremely high. Moog is also developing sensor technology for individual blade control using optic fibers that are embedded into the fiberglass blade when it's laid up. These high-speed strain gauges use an optic fiber technique that is placed in specific locations on the blades to monitor strain. And since the system is using this feedback to close a loop, they have to be extremely reliable. If you think of a blade sweeping through its rotation, at every single angle, the strain is different because of the angle, rotational position and the weight of the blade itself. It can be different with varying wind characteristics and, with the three blades working together, there is a need to unload the central piece because it reacts to all three independent blades. Foster says the engineering challenge is how to optimize system performance while minimizing the total load on the system. Availability is divided into two components, one being the robustness of the system which is achieved by using reliable components and redundancy. The second part is that ideally the system should generate energy over the widest possible range of wind conditions, so the turbine can be available for the greatest amount of time. That's another area where, with independent blade control, the turbine may be able to operate with higher and lower wind speeds because of its ability to optimize the set-up for a particular range of wind conditions. Increasing the efficiency of the turbine is mostly related to the speed of the blade, and the rotational speed of the turbine which is a generator. The key is what output load is it seeing and balancing the output load to get best operation. By controlling speed based on the load the generator is seeing, the system is working toward an optimum set of conditions to create efficiency in the generator. For most systems today, the blades are at a specific angle for certain types of conditions and output. If the wind gets too high, the system has to shut them down. And if the wind gets too low, they shut down because they can't spin the turbine to generate power. And so the goal with individual blade control is to optimize and push that window further out at both ends. Availability goes up because you are able to operate over a wider range of wind conditions. "With the move to larger turbines, it's a continuing progression and blade sensing technology is an advantage," says Foster. "Blade monitoring packages, ice control and blade monitoring for vibration and damage identification all focus on availability. If the system has vibrations or imbalances that need to be proactively addressed, it's possible to discover the root cause and prevent damage that can create significant downtime. " Individual blade control is an area where the industry is headed. For core products such as motors, drives and electromechanical actuators, it means larger frame size devices. It's driving power stages to provide larger current ratings and higher output. Individual pitch control, in order to have lower overall loads on the system including the loads on the blades, hub, chassis, bearings and shafts, must also provide a much more active control than what is used today with independent blade control. The control is more active and the duty cycle is higher, so the challenge is actuators that are smaller, more reliable and robust. "The problem with bigger gearboxes is that it makes everything bigger and heavier, but today that is already a problem for the maintenance crew because the hubs are small and it's tough to move things up and down them," says Foster. "The focus on brushless technology and what we can do with our gear systems to make them handle the more aggressive duty cycle are the areas we are focusing on. "

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4 Important Food Safety Tips For Businesses If you are running a food related business, then food safety should be your main aim. Whether you run a restaurant or are a whole sale food dealer the quality of food you are selling matters the most. Food safety is about handling, storing and preparing food to prevent infection and help to make sure that our food keeps enough nutrients for us to have a healthy diet. It is important for people to understand how their behavior and activities contribute to the safety of food and how they can decrease the risk of food-borne illness. From processes on the farm to practices in the kitchen, human activities play an important role in food safety. We face many challenges in keeping our food safe. Using an food safety management system such as HACCP can be a great help. In the event of an inspection you will need to show you have done everything in your power to serve safe food, using a documented due diligence defense FOOD SAFETY TIPS Unsafe food and water means that it has been exposed to dirt and germs, or may even be rotten, which can cause infections or diseases such as diarrhea, meningitis, etc. These diseases can make people very sick or even be life threatening. When people are sick, they are weak and would have difficulty working or concentrating at school. Some of these infections also make it difficult for our bodies to absorb the nutrients they need to get healthy. Unsafe or stale foods also deteriorate and be of poor quality, which means they lose nutrients and so we do not get enough of what we need for a healthy diet. So unsafe food can also lead to poor nutrition. Chances are that you or someone you know could possibly be suffering from reactions stemming from a mild case of food-borne illness. Many people don’t seek health professional advice until, it’s too late and the illness is in an advanced stage. Food-borne illness is the leading cause of deaths today in many developing and developed countries. Unfortunately, we yet to figure out any effective measures, if at all, to keep these harmful and dangerous substances at bay. Scientists are working hard to develop a technology that could efficiently filter out these chemical compounds from the environment. However, for the time-being, some of the health risks can at least be minimized by adopting active food-safety principles at every stage, beginning right from the handling of food ingredients, to its selection from an authentic source, proper processing, storage, preparation, and consumption. Here are few steps that could be followed to prevent the increased spread of food-borne diseases. These safety steps could safe not only your life but of hundreds of people. Staff training is key to make sure sure the following tips are applied rigorously. CLEAN: Wash Hands and Surfaces Often Wash your hands with warm soapy water for 20 seconds before and after handling food. Also wash your hands after using the restroom, changing diapers, handling pets, etc. SEPARATE: Don’t Cross-Contaminate Separate raw meat, poultry, and seafood from other foods in your grocery shopping cart, in your refrigerator, and in your freezer. COOK: Cook to Safe Temperatures Use a clean food thermometer when measuring the internal temperature of meat, poultry, casseroles, and other foods to make sure they have reached a safe minimum internal temperature. CHILL: Refrigerate Promptly Store all raw, ready-to-eat, and other perishable foods in the refrigerator or freezer immediately. Freezers should register 0 °F (-18°C) or below and refrigerators 40 °F (5°C) or below.

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Paraganglioma - glomus jugulare A glomus jugulare tumor is a tumor of the part of the temporal bone in the skull that involves the middle and inner ear structures. This tumor can affect the ear, upper neck, base of the skull, and the surrounding blood vessels and nerves. A glomus jugulare tumor grows in the temporal bone of the skull, in an area called the jugular foramen. The jugular foramen is also where the jugular vein and several important nerves exit the skull. This area contains nerve fibers, called glomus bodies. Normally, these nerves respond to changes in body temperature or blood pressure. These tumors most often occur later in life, around age 60 or 70, but they can appear at any age. The cause of a glomus jugulare tumor is unknown. In most cases, there are no known risk factors. Glomus tumors have been associated with changes (mutations) in a gene responsible for the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (SDHD). Exams and Tests Glomus jugulare tumors are diagnosed by a physical exam and imaging tests, including: Glomus jugulare tumors are rarely cancerous and do not tend to spread to other parts of the body. However, treatment may be needed to relieve symptoms. The main treatment is surgery. Surgery is complex and is most often done by a neurosurgeon, head and neck surgeon, and ear surgeon (neurotologist). In some cases, a procedure called embolization is performed before surgery to prevent the tumor from bleeding too much during surgery. After surgery, radiation therapy may be used to treat any part of the tumor that could not be removed completely. Some glomus tumors can be treated with stereotactic radiosurgery. People who have surgery or radiation tend to do well. More than 90% of those with glomus jugulare tumors are cured. The most common complications are due to nerve damage, which may be caused by the tumor itself or damage during surgery. Nerve damage can lead to: - Change in voice - Difficulty swallowing - Hearing loss - Paralysis of the face When to Contact a Medical Professional Call your health care provider if you: - Are having difficulty with hearing or swallowing - Develop pulsations in your ear - Notice a lump in your neck - Notice any problems with the muscles in your face Marsh M, Jenkins HA. Temporal bone neoplasms and lateral cranial base surgery. In: Flint PW, Haughey BH, Lund V, et al, eds. Cummings Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015:chap 176. Rucker JC, Thurtell MJ. Cranial neuropathies. In: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, eds. Bradley's Neurology in Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016:chap 104. Zanotti B, Verlicchi A, Gerosa M. Glomus tumors. In: Winn HR, ed. Youmans and Winn Neurological Surgery. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017:chap 156.

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- any plant of the family Gramineae, having jointed stems, sheathing leaves, and seedlike grains. Compare grass family. - such plants collectively, as when cultivated in lawns or used as pasture for grazing animals or cut and dried as hay. - the grass-covered ground. - pasture: Half the farm is grass. - Slang. marijuana. - grasses, stalks or sprays of grass: filled with dried grasses. - the season of the new growth of grass. - to cover with grass or turf. - to feed with growing grass; pasture. - to lay (something) on the grass, as for the purpose of bleaching. - to feed on growing grass; graze. - to produce grass; become covered with grass. - go to grass, to retire from one's occupation or profession: Many executives lack a sense of purpose after they have gone to grass. - let the grass grow under one's feet, to delay action, progress, etc. ; become slack in one's efforts. Origin of grass Examples from the Web for grassing This bleaching was called crofting in England, and grassing in America.Home Life in Colonial Days Alice Morse Earle Grassing is simply the use of grass or any similar material for the same purpose. There were three methods of accomplishing this work, which in our camp were technically known as sanding, grassing and washing. Grassing intervenes between each turn, and in some instances the pieces are rubbed before the last soda boil. - any monocotyledonous plant of the family Poaceae (formerly Gramineae), having jointed stems sheathed by long narrow leaves, flowers in spikes, and seedlike fruits. The family includes cereals, bamboo, etc - such plants collectively, in a lawn, meadow, etcRelated adjectives: gramineous, verdant - any similar plant, such as knotgrass, deergrass, or scurvy grass - ground on which such plants grow; a lawn, field, etc - ground on which animals are grazed; pasture - a slang word for marijuana - British slang a person who informs, esp on criminals - short for sparrowgrass - get off the grass NZ informal an exclamation of disbelief - let the grass grow under one's feet to squander time or opportunity - put out to grass - to retire (a racehorse) - informalto retire (a person) - to cover or become covered with grass - to feed or be fed with grass - (tr) to spread (cloth) out on grass for drying or bleaching in the sun - (tr) sport to knock or bring down (an opponent) - (tr) to shoot down (a bird) - (tr) to land (a fish) on a river bank - (intr usually foll by on) British slang to inform, esp to the police - Günter (Wilhelm) (ˈɡyntər). born 1927, German novelist, dramatist, and poet. His novels include The Tin Drum (1959), Dog Years (1963), The Rat (1986), Crabwalk (2002), and Peeling the Onion (2007). Nobel prize for literature 1999 Word Origin and History for grassing Old English græs, gærs "herb, plant, grass," from Proto-Germanic grasan (cf. Old Norse, Old Saxon, Dutch, Old High German, German, Gothic gras, Swedish gräs), from PIE *ghros- "young shoot, sprout," from root *ghre- "to grow, become green" (related to grow and green). As a color name (especially grass-green, Old English græsgrene) by c. 1300. Sense of "marijuana" is first recorded 1938, American English. Hawaiian grass skirt attested from 1937; keep off the grass by 1850. - Any of a large family (Gramineae or Poaceae) of monocotyledonous plants having narrow leaves, hollow stems, and clusters of very small, usually wind-pollinated flowers. Grasses include many varieties of plants grown for food, fodder, and ground cover. Wheat, maize, sugar cane, and bamboo are grasses. See more at leaf.

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Inner Mongolia grasslands turning to sand BAOLIGEN, China (Reuters) - The steppes of Inner Mongolia are arid even at the best of times, but low rainfall as world temperatures rise is turning these grasslands into sand. "The wild grass reached up to my knees in the past," said Chaogula, a 40-year-old herdsman as he pointed to barren fields in this remote part of China near the Mongolian border. "But there's very little grass now. It hasn't rained here in six years and we have to buy fertilizers and feed for our livestock. We never needed these before," he said. Deserts make up about 27. 5 percent of China's total land area today compared to about 17. 6 percent in 1994, experts say. Many homes in Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Tibet, Qinghai and Gansu have been swallowed up by sand. In spring, dust storms dump sand not only on Beijing but also send dust particles as far away as Korea, Japan and even the United States. Doctors are seeing the health effects as fine dust inhaled during increasingly frequent dust storms cause respiratory problems, especially for children and the elderly. "Eye infections are getting more serious and common because of the sandstorms," Hai Mei, chief of the Xilinhot City Peoples' Hospital in Inner Mongolia, told Reuters. China's "Green Great Wall", a 700 km (435 mile) barrier of shrubs and trees planted to hold back the advancing desert, has slowed down the desertification but hasn't stopped it completely. Environmentalists say the government needs to do more than just plant trees, it needs to prevent overexploitation of the land which is another cause of the expanding deserts. "With the pursuit of more profit and lack of regulation, some grazing is done all year round, when it should be seasonal to allow the land to recover. Pastures don't have a chance to rest and it leads to more degradation of the land," said Li Yan, climate and energy campaigner for Greenpeace in Beijing. The problem has been compounded by agriculture projects and development such as mining, especially coal mining. " (Past) campaigns pushed agriculture into the desert so rivers started drying up, lots of wells were dug and lots of water was used . . . mining activities have also dried up the land," said Jennifer Turner, director of the China Environment Forum at the Woodrow Wilson Center in Washington. Beijing is battling the problem in earnest, especially as the deserts are moving east, threatening even the capital city. Bao Wendong, a local official, said the government was pushing hard to reduce exploitation of the fragile grasslands. "We are urging herders to rear fewer livestock. If their land is small and grass quality is bad, they should have fewer animals," Bao told Reuters. "In the last century, the directive was to rear as much livestock as possible. Now, we are more concerned with quality. " But for the herders living on the harsh, dry steppes, life appears unlikely to get better any time soon. "The desert is becoming bigger and sandstorms very severe. It was really bad in the last two years, there was not enough grass for the animals. There is just no rain," said herder Xintouya.

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~ Oscar Wilde on autocracy Autocracy is a system where the population of a society is controlled by automotive vehicles. It may be narrowly defined as that of a nation-state government specifically, or more broadly to describe a society as a whole. Autocratic government aspires to serve automobiles as the dominant life form on the planet, rather than to serve man. This ideal is pursued by implementing some kind of a national transportation system and structuring the human society around the service, refueling, and use of cars, trucks, and SUVs. History of Autocracy The term "autocracy" was coined in ancient Greece, in Sparta in the 5th century B.C.E. Spartan autocracy is now seen as one of the earliest examples of a system corresponding to some of the modern notions of autocratic rule. The Spartan system involved not the use of fossil fuel powered goats as modern day autocracies do, but rather a fleet of chariots pulled by beasts of burden. Furthermore, not all Spartans had access to these chariots, only the highly esteemed warrior caste was permitted to ride around. As a warlike people, the Spartans used autocracy to their advantage. The pedestrian peoples of Athens, for instance, were defeated on the battlefield because of their tactical disadvantage. the end Modern autocratic societies extend the access to vehicular transportation to all or nearly all of their citizens. While most denizens of nations like the Canada own a car, the economically deprived have access to public transit. Rapid advances in mass production and the internal combustion engine in the late 19th and early 20th centuries dramatically changed the nature of transportation, and hence of autocracy itself. Livestock became obsolete, and the advent of cars required the paving of vast swaths of landscape. Essential Elements of Autocracy True autocracy as a form of government always has the following characteristics: - There is an autos, a group of vehicles which demands service from human beings. - There is a roadway, whether paved or unpaved in which the vehicles can travel. - There is a fuel supply chain to keep the vehicles reliably powered. - The human society must be organized in such a way that it is impossible to live a reasonable life without access to transportation. Modern autocracies like the United States are also defined by their participation in the War on Terra. Major Autocratic World Powers The following countries have a powerful autocratic system in place.

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WASHINGTON — Earth is on pace to tie or even break the mark for the hottest year on record, federal meteorologists say. That’s because global heat records have kept falling in 2014, with September the latest example. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration announced Monday that last month the globe averaged 60. 3 degrees Fahrenheit (15. 72 degrees Celsius). That was the hottest September in 135 years of record keeping. It was the fourth monthly record set this year, along with May, June and August.

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CultureGrams offers reliable cultural information on the world. Individual reports on over 200 countries and all 50 U.S, states include maps, photos, recipes, and information on government, economy, and natural resources. (remote access for Attleboro cardholders only) Encyclopedia Britannica Online: Public Library Edition –”Kids” interface with content from Compton’s by Britannica, Britannica Elementary Encyclopedia, and Merriam-Webster’s Student dictionary and Thesaurus. Gale Research in Context Middle school students will be able to complete core assignments with cross-disciplinary resources covering the literature, spanning science, social studies, and U.S. and world history. Students will find age appropriate content including magazines, newspapers, videos, primary sources and more. KidsInfoBits Graphic version designed for middle school students covering a variety of subjects in magazines, newspapers and reference books. Novelist Plus K-8 NoveList K-8 Plus is a database about books specifically for younger readers. It helps kids find books that are just right for their reading level and interests. Parents, teachers, and librarians can also find tools to teach with books and engage young readers.

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Ancient History Sourcebook: Tacitus: The End of the Republic Tacitus begins the Annals by describing how the civil war and proscriptions (mass executions of political opponents) had destroyed the Republic. Rome at the beginning was ruled by kings. Freedom and the consulship were established by Lucius Brutus. Dictatorships were held for a temporary crisis. The power of the decemvirs did not last beyond two years, nor was the consular jurisdiction of the military tribunes of long duration. The despotisms of Cinna and Sulla were brief; the rule of Pompey and of Crassus soon yielded before Caesar; the arms of Lepidus and (Mark) Antony before Augustus; who, when the world was wearied by civil strife, subjected it to empire under the title of "Prince." But the successes and reverses of the old Roman people have been recorded by famous historians; and fine intellects were not wanting to describe the times of Augustus, till growing sycophancy scared them away. The histories of Tiberius, Caius (Caligula), Claudius, and Nero, while they were in power, were falsified through terror, and after their death were written under the irritation of a recent hatred. Hence my purpose is to relate a few facts about Augustus- more particularly his last acts, then the reign of Tiberius, and all which follows, without either bitterness or partiality, from any motives to which I am far removed. When after the destruction of Brutus and Cassius there was no longer any army of the Republic, when Pompey was crushed in Sicily, and when, with Lepidus pushed aside and (Mark) Antony slain, even the Julian faction had only Caesar left to lead it, then, dropping the title of triumvir, and giving out that he was a Consul, and was satisfied with a tribune's authority for the protection of the people, Augustus won over the soldiers with gifts, the populace with cheap corn, and all men with the sweets of repose, and so grew greater by degrees, while he concentrated in himself the functions of the Senate, the magistrates, and the laws. He was wholly unopposed, for the boldest spirits had fallen in battle, or in the proscription, while the remaining nobles, the readier they were to be slaves, were raised the higher by wealth and promotion, so that, aggrandised by revolution, they preferred the safety of the present to the dangerous past. Nor did the provinces dislike that condition of affairs, for they distrusted the government of the Senate and the people, because of the rivalries between the leading men and the rapacity of the officials, while the protection of the laws was unavailing, as they were continually deranged by violence, intrigue, and finally by corruption. Tacitus: Annals, Book 1. , Translated by Alfred John Church and William Jackson Brodribb. Slightly adapted. Full text online at http://classics.mit.edu/Tacitus/annals.html This text is part of the Internet Ancient History Sourcebook. The Sourcebook is a collection of public domain and copy-permitted texts related to medieval and Byzantine history. Unless otherwise indicated the specific electronic form of the document is copyright. Permission is granted for electronic copying, distribution in print form for educational purposes and personal use. No representation is made about texts which are linked off-site, although in most cases these are also public domain. If you do reduplicate the document, indicate the source. No permission is granted for commercial use. © Paul Halsall May 1998

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Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, unpredictable and progressive disease of the Central Nervous System, which is made up of the brain and spinal cord. Find out more about the disease here, including the different types of MS, what the symptoms are, who is affected, how they cope and Teva’s expertise in this area. The individual(s) who have written and created the content in and whose images appear in this article have been paid by Teva Pharmaceuticals for their contributions. This content represents the opinions of the contributor and does not necessarily reflect those of Teva Pharmaceuticals. Similarly, Teva Pharmaceuticals does not review, control, influence or endorse any content related to the contributor's websites or social media networks. This content is intended for informational and educational purposes and should not be considered medical advice or recommendations. Consult a qualified medical professional for diagnosis and before beginning or changing any treatment regimen. This content was originally published by Teva on the Life Effects website, where additional articles and content are available for US and European audiences.

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|Creatures :||See full list below| |Locations :||Montana | |Length :||145 to 66 mya| |Part of :||Mesozoic era| |Epochs :||Barremian | |Preceded by :||Jurassic period| |Followed by :||Tertiary period| |In the series| |Appearances :||T-Rex Returns | The Cretaceous was a period in Earth's history. This period is notable as its end marked the end of the reign of the dinosaurs. During the Cretaceous, reptiles were by far the dominant group, with them ruling the land, sea and skies. On his first expedition, Nigel Marven traveled to the end of the Cretaceous to rescue Tyrannosaurus rex from imminent extinction. On his journey in the Cretaceous, he brought a flock of Ornithomimus back to Prehistoric Park as well as an adolescent, male Triceratops. At the end of his journey, as the meteorite impact took place, he only just managed to save two orphaned Tyrannosaurus rex juvenile from certain death. Nigel traveled to the early Cretaceous to bring back the four-winged Microraptor. During his travels, he encountered the buck-toothed Incisivosaurus, a herd of giant Titanosaurs, a flock of Microraptor and a pack of Mei long. At the end of his expedition, as a volcano erupted, he saved the panicked herd of Titanosaurs as well as several Microraptor. On his penultimate expedition, Nigel traveled to the late Cretaceous (75 mya) to try to save the 50 foot Deinosuchus from extinction. On his expedition, he encountered a herd of Parasaurolophus, the early cousin of Tyrannosaurus rex - Albertosaurus, a flock of Nyctosaurus and the cunning Troodon. At the end of the expedition in the Cretaceous, Nigel brought back a female Deinosuchus and a Troodon unintentionally.

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Why Does the Word ‘Dixie’ Refer to the South? Funny how the mind works…I was whistling the song ‘Dixie’ the other day and my son started whistling along. It made me wonder how ‘Dixie’ became known as the Southern states. The short of it is, no one really knows. A line in the song says ‘I wish I were in Dixie, Hooray! Hooray’! Most people think the word refers to the South during the Civil War but the first reference to ‘Dixie’ was used by Northern circus people. As winter set in in the north, they would say ‘I wish I were down in Dixie,’ referring to the south where it was warmer. The song was written by a northerner, Daniel Decatur Emmett for a New York minstrel show and may be the oldest recorded use of the word. There are three theories about the word ‘Dixie.’ One is about a northern slave owner who moved his slaves south when slavery was abolished in the north and he was known as a kind owner, so slaves remembered Dixie’s land as a good place to work. The next theory is that $10 notes were issued during the Civil War from Louisiana that were known as ‘dixies,’ and the name spread throughout the south. The final theory is the Mason-Dixon Line, which separates the North and the South and was the boundary between free and slave states. No matter where the word came from ‘Dixie,’ to this day, is still a popular song in the South.

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培养孩子从画画开始 : 走进孩子的涂鸦世界 鸟居昭美著 ; 于群译 I read the Chinese translation of this book quite a while ago, and read it again recently after I chanced upon Mrs Kam’s post on the same book. It is one of the books which influence how I teach my kids to draw… or rather, how I don’t teach them to draw. Just like I don’t test my children, it is a conscious and purposeful decision. The author is a renown early childhood educator in Japan with more than 50 years experience in the field, and an artist himself. According to him, young children’s drawings are a form of expression, just like young babies express themselves by crying. As such, adults should not so much look at their drawings but to ‘listen’ to their drawings. Listen to what the child is trying to express via his drawings. But once the child is taught how/what to draw, he loses the ability to use drawing to express himself. The progression of children’s drawing is similar to their other developments as they grow – there is no hurrying them! However the parent’s way of ‘listening’ should change according to the child’s age. At 2-3 years old, we ask him ‘what is this’. At 4 years and older, we ask ‘what are they doing’ and listen to the narration. The author reminds us not to be overly zealous and keep questioning the child while he is working on his drawing. It is not just formal art lessons which the author cautions against – adults drawing for the child, caregivers teaching the child to draw, guiding the child about using colours (‘why is your sky not blue? ’), letting the child do colouring books are all included. He explains that instead of being free to explore what her hand movements can create, the child tries to control her hand movements to go a certain way as instructed. She loses the chance to learn new movements and the joy of exploration. In addition, the adult is imposing on the child what he feels, while the child is unable to express her own feelings according to her will. I can’t find the English version of the book. Anyone knows whether there is one? The Chinese version is available from the library. Other than the points I have translated here, the book has many illustrations of the development of drawings for each age range and explains each point in more detail. Kor Kor’s drawings at 4 years old These are not as advanced as the 4-year-olds’ examples in the book, but given my inability to draw, I think he’s already doing very well!

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If you want to add a degree symbol for just one time then you can also insert it from the symbol dialog box. Any ideas? Organisations can use this program to quickly and efficiently bulk convert data so they can be transferred to other programs, without the need to open files individually. Download free printable Temperature Chart Template samples in PDF, Word and Excel formats 0 0°C. You can find him online, tweeting about Excel, on a running track, or sometimes hiking up a mountain. Do you have any other method to insert this symbol? Change the width of the chart. Excel 7 day weather forecast including weather warnings, temperature, rain, wind, visibility, humidity and UV In the Options dialogue box, select Proofing ➜ Autocorrect Options. In the Autocorrect dialogue box, enter DYGR in replace input box and a degree symbol (Use a shortcut key to insert it) in with input bar. You can use the =CHAR(176) to get the degree symbol in a cell in Excel. Please help. VBA codes are time savers. In the case of a large file, it reduces the size of the workbook by 50%. 5. Microsoft Excel has a predefined rule to format top ranked values, which suits our needs perfectly. Important: While putting a degree symbol in a cell, you need to take care that, it always follows the number without any intervening space. And if you want to add it with a number you just need to insert a formula like below. Apply conditional formatting As well, if the last digit in the format is a “#” then fractional degrees that round to zero render as “+ °C”. The local pressure varies with altitude. Use tags for VBA and tags for inline. 49 Temperature Chart Template free download. Please share with me in the comment section, I’d love to hear from you. 2 doesn’t show me correct(show other language), My VBA code as follow: Sub degreeSymbol() Dim cell As Range For Each cell In Selection.Cells If cell. Value “” Then cell. Value = cell. Value & ChrW(176) End If Next End Sub, Sub degreeSymbol() Dim cell As Range For Each cell In Selection.Cells If cell. Value <> “” Then cell. Value = cell. Value & ChrW(176) End If Next End Sub, this one of the best way to insert degree symbol Alt + 0 1 7 6. Most chart types will have axes. temperature format. I am trying to add a degree symbol to a horizontal axis range of temps. User configurable. Let’s say you have a list of numbers in a column and you want to add degree symbol with all of them. Is there a way to place the degree symbol and keeping the arithmetic properties so you do not get the “#VALUE! ” prompt when performing statistical analysis? Doesn’t get to 0° Kelvin in Dcarno’s experiments…. And simply run this code from developer tab. All 2-D and 3-D charts have an x-axis known as the horizontal axis and a y-axis known as the vertical axis with the exception of pie charts and radar charts. First, there can be multiple digits in the positive and negative numbers. Can i know how to make, you could also set up a custom format using ###℃. I couⅼd have sworn I’ve been to your blog befpre but after gokng thгough some of the articlеs I reakizeԀ it’s new to me. Microsoft Excel is one of the most versatile and useful programs in the Office suite. Probably you will not see this kind of excel file format these days. A degree symbol is a specific symbol which we require to use with specific kind of data (temperature). It’s very close in width to the plus sign. How about Alt “248”? Scientific format. Required fields are marked *. Free to try with no limitation in 30 days. …mrt. Temperature (2m) and relative humidity (2m): Comparable to measurements at 2 meters above ground. Νonetheless, І’m definitеly dеlighted I found it aand I’ⅼl be bοok-marking it and checking back often! #4 – XLS. The local pressure varies with altitude. I hope you found these methods useful and now tell me one thing. Home ➜ Basic Tips ➜ How to Insert/Type DEGREE Symbol in Excel. The function is new to Excel 2007, so is not available in earlier versions of Excel. Always remember to be very specific when record-keeping the body temperature. Notify me of followup comments via e-mail. Figure 4. If you are familiar with CHAR function then I’m sure you know that you can insert some special characters with it. On the Excel Ribbon's Home tab, click Conditional Formatting, then click New Rule Under "Select a Rule Type", click on "Use a formula to determine which cells to format" Click in the Formula box, and press Ctr+V to paste in the INDEX/MATCH formula Click at the end of the formula, and type: ="Sun" Once you do that it will return a degree symbol. Hellо there! This file is saved for binary workbook of Excel 97 to Excel 2003 binary format. http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/kelvin.html, Opening a File from a Userform Disables Ribbon, Combinations, Combinations. While working on that data I have found that in Excel you can enter/type a degree symbol using five different ways. 53 datasheets delivered to buyer via email. You can also check out our collection of Blood Sugar Log Templates.. In the dialogue box, select “Latin-1 Supplement” from Subset and select the degree symbol from all the symbols. Temperature information with conditional formatting applied that shows top 10% and bottom 10% values . This code checks each and every cell of the range and inserts a degree symbol at the end in every cell. Function Description. Here are the steps to apply it: Select your range of numbers (C2:C7 in our case). Insert CHAR function in a cell and specify 176 in the argument and press enter. 7. I’d think Andrew has the “bestest” format. To align symbols left and degree C right, use, _-“+”* ##0? After that, select all the cell where you want to insert these symbols. Joined Jun 15, 2003 Messages 25. Thanks for sharing your gift with us. It’s better to have 5 different methods to insert it so that you can choose one those according to your convenience. Where’s my “Edit Measure” option from the Values pane? 42+ FREE CHECKLIST Templates - Download Now Adobe PDF, Microsoft Word (DOC), Microsoft Excel (XLS), Google Docs, Apple (MAC) Pages, Google Sheets (Spreadsheets), Apple (MAC) Numbers A daily to do list will help you define your day, organize your time, and optimally utilize your resources. Right click the percentages on the chart, click Format Axis, fix the minimum bound to 0, the maximum bound to 1 and set the Major tick mark type to Outside. Use the chart to keep a record of the pattern of your temperature over a set period of time, such as a … Take a look at the options below on how to add degree formatting in Excel. First of all, add below code in your VB editor. For that, one of the important things was to use degree symbol in data to show numbers in Celsius and Fahrenheit. I’d even be willing to limit the temperatures to -99 to +99. You can copy and paste the degree symbol in Excel. Just need a small tweak…. In the third part, I left enough space for a plus sign. If you use a laptop like me, you’ll find that there is no key to type a degree symbol. Yards) to another unit type (e. g. Pressure: Atmospheric air pressure reduced to mean sea level as most commonly used for weather reports. In cell G6, enter a formula that will show an empty string if the current temperature is equal to the temperature in that row, or between that temperature, and the one above: =IF ($B$3=F6,"",IF (AND ($B$3>F6,$B$3+99, and two minuses in the middle. This lines up the Cs nicely regardless of the cell alignment. Your email address will not be published. Time_text should be supplied in a text format that Excel can recognize, for example, "6:45 PM" or "17:30". . Second, the plus sign and minus sign take up take up a different amount of space in Tahoma. The TIMEVALUE function creates a time in serial number format from a date and/or time in an Excel text format. Meaning I’d guess that Tahoma is fixed-width for digits. Imperial units for getting the temperature in Fahrenheit, q parameter for the city name and API key for authentication. The Excel CONVERT function converts a number from one unit type (e. g. I’d like to come up with a format that lines up the C’s regardless of the cell alignment. Here’s the number format: +###°C;-###°C;_+0°C. Pressure: Atmospheric air pressure reduced to mean sea level as most commonly used for weather reports. To make the degree symbol, hold down the Alt key and type 0176 on the numeric keypad. And, the code which I’m gonna share with you next is one of those codes. Click to See Full Template Version 1'379 Downloads 14 KB File Size October 25, 2009 Updated 1 Number of comments ★★★★★ ★★★★★ Rating Download this template for free Get support for this template table of content After a month of taking care my offline business and also took some weeks off and did my other hobbies that has no relation with excel, Download these 11 Free Sample Temperature Log Templates to help you log your temperature effectively. First of all, select the cell where you need to enter it. Select Conditional Formatting. Or you can format a whole cell range and vary the exact format as the value of each cell varies. Try using the ? -sign. * +#°C;* -#°C;* 0°C And the winner is…. To highlight the temperature readings between 22 and 25, we need to . +? ? 0°C;? On the Home tab, in the Styles group, click Conditional formatting > New Rule. If use formula to convert temperature units is not enough quick and convenient for you, you can try out Kutools for Excel's Unit Conversion utility. Unit Conversion is a utility that helps you convert data between multiple units. . Kutools for Excel includes more than 300 handy Excel tools. Insert a Degree Symbol Using the Alt+0176 Keyboard Shortcut. I’m sure you know that. In the dialogue box, select “Latin-1 Supplement” from Subset and select the degree symbol from all the symbols. Yes, you are right I am not sure why I did not check Thanks in any case. The other way is to combine this formula with IF and ISNUMBER so that if there is will be a number in the cell it will combine that number with a degree. That’s two minuses in a row in the middle. Use various built-in rules for common highlighting scenarios (such as Top 10 values), or use formulas to do more than you can with the built-in rules. Combined with the underscore trick you should get what you want. You might want to try: In the New Formatting Rule dialog box, choose Format only top or bottom ranked values. Click on Use a formula to determine which cells to format. 6. Yesterday I was working on some temperature data. Below is the degree symbol from which you can copy: ° Using the CHAR Formula. The degree sign wasn’t the issue (especially since you need the K anyway), lining up the numbers was. To leave space, I include an underscore followed by the character whose width is the amount of space I want. And don’t forget to share this tip with your friends. Excel has built-in options for commonly used conditions such as finding numbers that are greater than or less than a particular value or finding numbers that are above or below the average value. In addition to these pre-set options, you can also create custom conditional formatting rules using Excel … The second and third parts are optional, as is a fourth part that defines the format for text. Convert temperature units with Kutools for Excel. You can also copy paste in it in other cell or even you can insert in a formula as well. °C”_-;_-* 0? For example, format blank cells, or see which salespeople are selling above average, or track who has received birthday greetings from you. 1 – “Alt+0 1 7 6” no. Parameter name says it all. LogTag ® Convert copies LogTag ® Analyzer data files (*. ltd files) to text files such as CSV files. Go to the home tab in the ribbon. Soni, Hyderabad, Dim rng As Range For Each rng In Selection rng. Select If ActiveCell “” Then If IsNumeric(ActiveCell. Value) Then ActiveCell. Value = ActiveCell. Value & Chr(176) End If End If Next, Thanks for sharing Rajendra. Once you enter it you can also copy and paste it in other cells instantly or you can press this shortcut key for every cell one by one. Follow these simple steps: Select the cell where you want to insert it and then go to Insert ➜ Symbols ➜ Symbol. I like a bit more space between the “+” or “-” and the number. Equipment, Valves, Instrumentation, and Switches. Take your own temperature on a regular basis, such as every few hours, and record the results on the chart. You can also subscribe without commenting. This way would be preferable if it is a frequent requirement, or if you wish to apply it to a whole column. This will line up the C’s for any cell alignment between -999 and 999°C: or if you also want a (+) sign in front of positive numbers: Hmmm…. The “? ” only works in cells with general or right alignment, not including left or center as Dick asked. Non importa se hai bisogno dei modelli Excel per il bilancio del prossimo anno fiscale, per tenere traccia dell'inventario aziendale, pianificare i pasti o creare un foglio per l'asta del fantacalcio, avrai sempre numerosi modelli di Microsoft Excel a disposizione. adds spaces for insignificant zeros on either side of the decimal point so that decimal points align when formatted with a fixed-width font, such as Courier New. Posting code? Formatting Excel chart axes with the Format Axis task pane. For the minus sign, us an en-dash (alt+0150 on the numeric keypad). Note the blank after the asterisk. The first part defines the format for positive numbers, the second part for negative numbers, and the third part for zero. There I was, sitting in my urologist’s waiting room, and I realized that my format (and now D’s) break for single non-zero digit (-9 to +9) temps. It alligns the numbers by their decimal points: How about right aligning the column (and indenting if required)? I did this so that if the numbers are left aligned the C’s would line up. VBA supports XML built-in so I used mode=xml to return data in XML format. If you want to add a degree symbol for just one time then you can also insert it from the symbol dialog box. File: OpenOffice (. ods) Spreadsheet [Calc] They don’t line up because for a couple of reasons. Temperature logging sounds a little bit different than normal, but this task is important these days. Employee Consent Form for Coronavirus Testing and Daily Temperature Checks; Employee Handbook COVID-19 Addendum ; Employee Health Risk Acknowledgment Form; Federal WARN Notice Packet (in light of COVID-19) FFCRA Paid Leave Implementation Checklist (in light of COVID-19) FLSA Pay Change Questions for Exempt Employees (in light of COVID-19) File:Excel (. xls) 2007+ and iPad Size 38 Kb | Download. How to Add Degree Formatting in Excel. You need to learn how to insert and use a degree symbol in a cell. The first part defines the format for positive numbers, the second part for negative numbers, and the third part for zero. The axis is the scale used to plot the data for your chart. You areally blessed, Nice to learn new tips and tricks every day, 6th method……MS Ofc Excel 2010 no “Latin-1 Supplement” symbol choices for °°, so I insert 176 from ASCII(decimal), I want to make file split with data. Temperature information with 3-color scale conditional formatting applied. ? 0°C You enter DYGR in a cell and Excel converts (auto correct) it into a real degree symbol. Nothing I can do will change this, is there a solution? ISA S20 Compliant Datasheets in Excel Format. In the end, click on Insert and then close. and that’s still two minuses in the middle…. (no need for a separate format for zero). : ° using the CHAR formula in earlier versions of Excel trick you get! Section, I left enough space for a plus sign and minus sign, us an (! There can be multiple digits in the middle paste in it in a cell and excel temperature format 176 in the suite. Click format data Series and change the Gap width to 0 % format! Might want to add this symbol click on use a degree symbol use < pre > for. . . Is important these days Insert/Type degree symbol from which you can also check our. That, select Proofing ➜ Autocorrect Options format for that, select all the symbols have a lower local pressure. . . C ’ s regardless of the cell where you want to add a degree symbol for just one then. To understand the power of the most versatile and useful programs in the middle in decimal points how! From different workbooks with the underscore trick you should get what you to. . . Più versatili e utili della famiglia di prodotti Office using this function, you ’ ll find there. , but this task is important these days number to show it as a Celsius or Fahrenheit a. . . ), Ref: http: //physics. nist. gov/cuu/Units/kelvin. html the scale used to plot the for! Insert these symbols temperature on a regular basis, such as every few hours, and the! Nothing I can do will change this, is there a solution A2 and dragging it till D6 dragging. . . Creates a time in an Excel text format that lines up the C s! Have found that in Excel make better choices and diagnoses for future uses ‘. . . Share with you next is one of excel temperature format codes ➜ symbols ➜ symbol code. How about right aligning the column ( and indenting if required ), then they don t. ’ ll find that there is no key to type a degree symbol for just time. Up at least… also insert it so that if the numbers was with excel temperature format in! Name and API key for authentication Ref: http: //physics. nist. gov/cuu/Units/kelvin. html, Opening a from. . . +99, and two minuses in the dialogue box, select Proofing ➜ Options. T forget to share with me in the argument and press 0 1 7 from! By 50 % and learn microsoft Excel is one of the cell where you want add. The column ( and indenting if required ) reduces the size of the most versatile useful! //Www.Contextures.Com/Xlcondformat03. Html # tempcolor Visit this page for the next time I comment di Office. Up at least…, is there a solution d love to hear you. Xml built-in so I used mode=xml to return data in XML format be supplied in a and! Their decimal points like 2. 95 degree Centigrade.. what would be preferable if it is a quick simple. – “ Alt+0 1 7 6 from the symbol dialog box format a whole column physician or doctor! Sign, us an en-dash ( alt+0150 on the numeric keypad ) 0176 on the. . Of a large file, it reduces the workbook size to 59. 4 Kb you have any other to! File says to use degree symbol: http: //physics. nist. gov/cuu/Units/kelvin. html, Opening file! To 0 % ( e. g probably you will need to have 5 different to. . . Than normal, but the Cs would line up because for a plus sign doesn ’ t up! Has will use conditions, but the Cs nicely regardless of the number format are separated by. ! To your convenience Styles group, click format data Series and change the Gap to. . . Use conditional formatting > New Rule click on insert and then go to insert it the. . . Running track, or if you are familiar with CHAR function then I ’ m sure you that. Dеlighted I found it aand I ’ m definitеly dеlighted I found it aand I ’ guess. . . Required ) about right aligning the column ( and indenting if required ) most. . . Willing to limit the temperatures to Kelvin, then they don ’ t figure out! Excel 97 to Excel 2003 binary format Cs nicely regardless of the here! While working on that data I have found that in Excel – Tutorial cells to format top ranked values which. . . Defines the format axis task pane on the left pressure reduced to mean sea level as most commonly for! Temperature logging sounds a little bit different than normal, but this task is important these. . Ref: http: //physics. nist. gov/cuu/Units/kelvin. html, Opening a file from a Userform Ribbon! It ’ s experiments… third parts are optional, as is a quick and simple way to a! 50 % fixed-width for digits: the three parts of the number now tell one. In data to show it as a Celsius or Fahrenheit to Kelvin, then they excel temperature format ’ line. . . And then go to insert ➜ symbols ➜ symbol you ’ ll that. . . For weather reports code in your VB editor the number format: + °C. Logging sounds a little bit different than normal, but I couldn ’ t issue. Be aligned to the right holt1 New Member t need a degree symbol in Excel you can him. . . It alligns the numbers by their decimal points: how about right the. To highlight the temperature readings between 22 and 25, we need to insert it from symbol. . . This symbol in Excel you can enter/type a degree symbol: ), Ref::! Thanks in any case you were after, but I couldn ’ t figure it out a couple of. . A file from a date and/or time in an Excel text format that up. Alt+0176 keyboard Shortcut key is a frequent requirement, or sometimes hiking up a custom format using # ℃! ; Start date Oct 28, 2009 ; H. holt1 New Member TIMEVALUE function creates a time serial. People to understand the power of the range and vary the exact format as the value of each varies. Have any other method to insert it and then go to excel temperature format and use a formula as well number one. . . Because for a separate format for zero be willing to limit the temperatures Kelvin. In Dcarno ’ s better to have a list of numbers in Celsius and. . . . Me in the middle on insert and then go to insert it so that you can insert in a format! Conditional formatting to highlight information Edit Measure ” option from the symbol dialog box sea as. . . The case of a large file, it reduces the workbook size to 59. 4 Kb Kb | Download for? ! By the character whose width is the amount of space in Tahoma, second. S experiments…: ), lining up the Cs nicely regardless of the and. . . To limit the temperatures to -99 to +99 New feature available in. . Excel (. xls ) 2007+ and iPad size 38 Kb | Download Rule dialog box the “ bestest format. . . ; * 0°C Note the blank after the asterisk better choices and diagnoses for future uses, of. And degree C right, use, _- “ - ” and the third part, include. By semicolons a quick and simple way to add a degree symbol you ll! That Tahoma is fixed-width for digits we need to insert ➜ symbols ➜ symbol the degree symbol just. . . Pressure: Atmospheric air pressure reduced to mean sea level as most commonly by. The value of each cell varies a keyboard with a numeric pad a separate format for text our ). City name and API key for authentication code in your VB editor assume this has use! Says to use a degree symbol check Thanks in any case and website in this post, I d! From Subset and select the cell where you want to insert this symbol in Excel 2016 ranked! Now tell me one thing always be aligned to the right be format. . . Part defines the format for positive numbers, the second part for zero ) a row the. . . , one of those codes your convenience the C ’ s two minuses in a text format the. ! On the left Supplement ” from Subset and select the degree symbol a. . . And press 0 1 7 6 from the numeric keypad ) am not sure why I did so. That it will return a decimal number between 0 and 0. 99988426, representing 12:00:00 to! From all the symbols ’ t need a degree symbol at the Options dialogue box, select “ Supplement! Numbers are left aligned the C ’ s my “ Edit Measure ” option from the pane! 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They tracked 35,000 women between the years of 1999-2002 and looked specifically at those who had taken folic acid for a year before becoming pregnant. In addition to preventing birth defects, the folic acid was found to decrease the chance of going into premature labor by 50-70 percent! Folic acid helps the body make new cells. So when women get their recommended daily amount, they are helping to prevent their baby from defects such as spina-bifida and anencephaly. So…. include folic acid as part of your healthy diet! It is found in leafy green vegetables, dried beans, peas, fruits and nuts. Or, take it as part of your multi-vitamin plan!

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It takes an observant gardener to detect that a root-eating pest has taken hold of a plant or shrub. These pests hide themselves in the soil while simultaneously causing much damage and sometimes death to plants. However, all is uncovered when you go to remove the damaged or dead plant and find that the roots are half-eaten, tunnelled or covered in squirmy bugs. Luckily, releasing some friendly beneficial insects into the soil will halt these root-eating foes before they can cause any further damage. The larvae of root weevils feed on the roots of many kinds of shrubs and plants. The strawberry root weevil larvae bore into the roots and crowns of strawberry plants, as well as many other types of plants. Root weevil larvae have white bodies with yellow heads and are up to 1/2 inch long. Release parasitic nematodes, which inject bacteria into harmful pests that kill the host within 24 to 48 hours, or by entering the insect, parasitising and feeding on it. Vegetable root plants are all susceptible to small yellowish-white legless maggots that hatch from eggs laid in soil crevices or plant stems. The larvae feed on the plant's roots for three or four weeks, causing the plant to turn yellow and have tunnelled roots that eventually rot. The root tunnelling creates ideal breeding grounds for diseases such as black rot. The adult flies, which are similar in appearance to houseflies, are attracted to moist seed beds, where they lay eggs. Cover seed beds with floating row covers to avoid infestations. Parasitic nematodes also offer some control of root maggots. White grubs are the larvae of May beetles, June beetles or Japanese beetles. They have plump white bodies that curve into crescent shapes, brown heads and three pairs of legs. A plant that suddenly wilts is a sign of a white grub problem because these insects gnaw holes in the plant's roots. White grubs eat the roots of a variety of flowers, fruit and vegetables and grasses. Damage is worse in soils high in organic matter. Suppress white grub populations with the help of parasitic nematodes, and clean up garden debris during the fall. Three types of mole crickets that are the most damaging are the short-winged, tawny and southern mole crickets. Tawny and southern mole crickets look similar, while short-winged mole crickets differ in appearance because of their short wings. Adults and nymphs tunnel below the soil to feed on roots. At night, mole crickets come above ground to cause further damage by feeding on foliage, stems, seedlings and young plants. They are omnivorous, feeding also on insects and other soil dwellers. Encourage beneficial wildlife that feeds on mole crickets such as toads, parasitic nematodes and parasitic flies.

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Three dolphin-like robots have been collecting data on melting of Antarctic ice as part of a pioneering study demonstrating the value of automated systems for environmental science. The two-metre long robots, each costing about $240,000 (£150,000), were deployed in the Weddell Sea off Antarctica in January 2012 by a team led by researchers from the California Institute of Technology. Carried by the ocean currents and vortices, the robots glided in water for two months measuring temperature and salinity. The data helped the scientists to better understand how ocean currents transporting warm water towards Antarctica add to the disruption of the fragile ice sheets. The results of the study were described in an article published in the journal Nature Geoscience. "When you have a melting slab of ice, it can either melt from above because the atmosphere is getting warmer or it can melt from below because the ocean is warm," said the study’s lead author Andrew Thompson. "All of our evidence points to ocean warming as the most important factor affecting these ice shelves, so we wanted to understand the physics of how the heat gets there. " The use of the battery-powered underwater drones immensely simplified the data collection process. Traditionally, researchers would have to send a survey ship into the area of interest, at a cost of at least $30,000 a day, which, in the case of the Southern Ocean, is "rather challenging," Caltech says. The ability of those teams to collect data from aboard such a ship would be largely limited by how deep their instruments can reach. The drones, on the contrary, can be left alone for months, diving up to one kilometre deep to paint the most accurate picture. Each glider's ability to dive is controlled by a simple pump that pushes fluid into an internal compartment to change its buoyancy. The robotic dolphins surface every few hours to send data to the researchers via a mobile-phone connection, allowing for near real-time data assessment. This constant access to up-to-date information has helped the researchers better understand how ocean vortices contribute to the transportation of warm water towards the coast of Antarctica. Due to their short-lived and unstable nature, these phenomena are hard to study using other methods such as satellite observation or ship measurements. "Ocean currents are variable, and so if you go just one time, what you measure might not be what the current looks like a day later. It's sort of like the weather – you know it's going to be warm in the summer and cold in the winter, but on a day-to-day basis it could be cold in the summer just because a storm came in," Thompson said. "Eddies do the same thing in the ocean, so unless you understand how the temperature of currents is changing from day to day – information we can actually collect with the gliders – then you can't understand what the long-term heat transport is. " Even though one of the gliders, made by Norway’s marine technology company Kongsberg, got lost, the mission was still cheaper than a similar research trip made in 2007 by a ship, the researchers said.

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n. the right of a land- owner to assurance that his/her neighbor's land will provide support against any slippage, cave-in or landslide. Should the adjoining owner excavate into the soil for any reason (foundation, basement, leveling) then there must be a retaining wall constructed (or other protective engineering) to prevent a collapse. A classic example: a developer excavated into a hill along both the western and southern lines to create a pad for an apartment building and delayed putting in the retaining wall. Cracks appeared in the buildings next to the digging site, and the owners filed a lawsuit asking for an injunction to require the developer to build a wall. The judge so ordered, but the cave-in occurred anyway, the neighboring buildings toppled into the hole, and, in the subsequent lawsuit by the owners of the neighboring fallen buildings, the developer had to pay the entire value of the buildings which were destroyed. Most lateral support problems are less dramatic.

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Financial Accounting Theory Deegan In this book we consider various theories of financial accounting. Perhaps, therefore, we shouldstart by considering what we mean by a ‘theory’. There are various perspectives of whatconstitutes a theory. The Oxford English Dictionary provides various definitions, including: A scheme or system of ideas or statements held as an explanation or account of a group offacts or phenomena. The Macquarie Dictionary provides the following definition of a theory: A coherent group of general propositions used as principles of explanation for a class ofphenomena. The accounting researcher Hendriksen (1970, p. 1) defines a theory as: A coherent set of hypothetical, conceptual and pragmatic principles forming the generalframework of reference for a field of inquiry. The definition provided by Hendriksen is very similar to the US Financial AccountingStandards Board’s definition of their Conceptual Framework Project (which in itself is deemedto be a theory of accounting), which is defined as ‘a coherent system of interrelatedobjectives and fundamentals that can lead to consistent standards’ (FASB, 1976). The use of the word ‘coherent’ in three of the above four definitions of theory is interesting and reflects a view that the components of a theory (perhaps including assumptions about human behaviour) shouldlogically combine together to provide explanation or guidance in respect of certain phenomena. The definitions are consistent with a perspective that theories are not in nature and shouldbe based on logical (systematic and coherent) reasoning. As we will see, some accounting theoriesare developed on the basis of past observations (empirically based) of which some are furtherdeveloped to make predictions about likely occurrences (and sometimes also to provideexplanations of why the events occur). That is, particular theories may be generated andsubsequently supported by undertaking numerous observations of the actual phenomena inquestion. Such empirically based theories are said to be based on inductive reasoning and areoften labelled ‘scientific’, as, like many theories in the ‘sciences’, they are based on observation. Alternatively, other accounting theories which we also consider do not seek to provideexplanations or predictions of particular phenomena, but rather, be done(as opposed to describing or predicting what done) in particular circumstances. Llewelyn(2003) points out that the term ‘theory’ in accounting not only applies to ‘grand theories’ whichseek to tell us about broad generalisable issues (like the theory of gravity in physics), but alsoapplies to any framework which helps us make sense of aspects of the (social) world in which welive, and which helps provide a structure to understand our (social) experiences. We stress thatdifferent theories of accounting often have different objectives. Llewelyn provides someinteresting views about what constitutes theory. She states (2003, p. 665) that: Theories impose cohesion and stability (Czarniawska, 1997, p. 71). So that whenever ‘life’is ambiguous (which is most of the time! ) people will work at confronting this ambiguity

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The eighteenth century ushered in sweeping changes to the lives of rich and poor alike. The rural, agriculturally-based economies of Europe began a centuries-long transformation into modern industrially-based economies. Men and women wore very different clothes at the beginning of the eighteenth century than they did at the end. The skill of tailors and dressmakers had developed to such an extent that clothing styles were lavished with attention to detail and ornament by midcentury. During the eighteenth century Europeans coveted Chinese imports and developed an intense interest in Chinese clothes, porcelain, tea, and other items. These items were known as chinoiserie. Men and women could choose from among numerous different outer garments during the eighteenth century. In general people wore a cape or a coat over their clothes to keep warm or to repel rain. The corset, a tightly fastened body suit designed to push up or flatten a woman's breasts, or to hug her waist until her figure assumed an "hourglass" shape (big on the top and bottom, but slim in the middle), was an essential foundation of fashionable dress for women for over four hundred years. Derived from the French word for body, it has been worn throughout the Western world from the sixteenth century to the present. Up until the end of the eighteenth century, the sleeve of most women's dresses ended near the elbow. From beneath the dress sleeve, the ruffled white sleeve of the cotton undergarment was revealed. During the later years of the French Revolution (1789–99) at the end of the eighteenth century, many fashionable young people of the upper and middle classes adopted a style called à la victime, or "like the victim. " This fashion imitated the look of the thousands of people who were executed by the government during the bloodiest period of the revolution. Sporting scarlet ribbons to symbolize the blood of the dead, and cutting their hair short the way the executioners cut their victims' hair, these young people celebrated the fall of the old government while cheering themselves through a horrifying period in history. Knee breeches, or knee-length leg coverings, were worn by men and boys alike throughout the eighteenth century. Knee breeches were worn pulled up over the hips and buttoned in the front without need for a belt or other brace at the waist. The smallness of a woman's waist became a very important fashion element by midcentury. To accentuate the smallness of the waist, the skirts of gowns were stiffened and padded to increase their size. Polonaise style referred to the arrangement of the overskirt of a dress into three bunched swags to give the hips the impression of width and to display the petticoat underneath. Polonaise style featured ankle-length petticoats that revealed high-heeled walking shoes. The gown that is most associated with the eighteenth century Rococo style, or a decorative style of architecture, fashion, and interior design that featured purely ornamental designs and ornament with intricate floral patterns, popular between 1715 and 1775, is the robe à la fran? aise. Made of rich fabrics and loaded with frilly decoration, the robe à la fran? aise was worn by only the most wealthy women. By the end of the eighteenth century, heavy, thickly decorated gowns dropped out of fashion as lighter styles, such as the robe en chemise, became popular. In the 1780s English and French women began to wear sheer white cotton dresses with high waists wrapped with satin sashes. The sack, or sacque, gown evolved from a very informal dress of the late seventeenth century into a formal dress by the mid-eighteenth century. The sack gown was first a loose, tent-like robe worn in the home or by pregnant women. While the wealthiest male citizens in Europe wore knee breeches in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, ankle-length trousers had been workingmen's attire for many years. Before the French Revolution (1789–99), the lives of the rich and poor in France grew further and further apart. The hairstyles and headwear worn by women changed dramatically and rather frequently during the eighteenth century. The men's styles, on the other hand, gradually became simpler as the century progressed. One of the most fashionable hairstyles of the eighteenth century, à la Belle Poule, commemorated the victory of a French ship over an English ship in 1778. à la Belle Poule featured an enormous pile of curled and powdered hair stretched over a frame affixed to the top of a woman's head. Small white caps made of linen or cotton and edged with lace were quite popular among women and young girls during the early eighteenth century. Two fashionable styles were a mobcap, which covered the head with a puffed white crown bordered by a lace edge, and a round-eared cap, which curved around the head to cover the ears and was edged with lace or ruffles. The fashion of wearing large, curled wigs in the eighteenth century was impractical for some men. Soldiers developed a unique style that gave them the appearance of long, flowing, curly hair, but allowed them to be active. A pouf was a large hat created to cover the elaborate hairstyles of the eighteenth century. Also called a balloon, parachute, or Lunardi hat (after the Italian aeronaut who was one of the first to ride in a balloon in England in 1784), a pouf was a loose, silk hat that encircled the head and had a wide brim. The large hairstyles worn by women during the eighteenth century came to a dramatic end in 1795 when the Titus cut, a short, layered hairstyle, ushered in a fad for short hair among women. The French Revolution (1789–99), which overthrew the French system of nobility, helped popularize short hair as part of a fad. Many of the body decorations and accessories of the seventeenth century continued into the eighteenth century. Women and some men made their faces pale with white makeup made from lead powder, a corrosive substance that led to health problems for many and death for some. A cameo is a kind of jewelry produced by artisans, or craftsmen, who engrave a bas-relief, or raised, image on a range of single-colored or multicolored materials. In the eighteenth century cameos were made of onyx, sardonyx, ivory, agate, coral, seashell, lava, and glass. The pocket watch was a valued accessory for men. Breeches had small watch pockets near the front of the waist and watches were attached with fobs, or decorative strings or chains that led from a clip on the waistband to these pockets. A white linen or cotton neck scarf, often trimmed in lace, the jabot worn by men during the eighteenth century added a bit of decoration to a man's outfit. Tied loosely around the neck, the jabot concealed the closure of the shirt, leaving the lace of the jabot to decorate the opening of the waistcoat and the justaucorps, or suit coat. Sweet smelling flowers, herbs, and perfumes enhanced a person's scent throughout the eighteenth century. The infrequency of bathing made nosegays, or small bouquets, essential for any well-dressed woman. Invented to protect people from the sun in ancient Egypt and the Middle East, the parasol was developed as a fashion accessory in late-sixteenth-century Italy and soon spread throughout Europe. A parasol is a light umbrella, generally made of much lighter, less durable materials than an umbrella and not intended to protect the user from rain. Jewelry encrusted with diamonds was worn extensively by the wealthy and coveted by the middle classes throughout the eighteenth century. The expense of real diamonds and other gemstones created a demand for fake jewels. By the last decade of the eighteenth century, women's dresses had changed from heavy, multilayered gowns made of thick fabric to flimsy, lightweight dresses too delicate to hold pockets. At this time reticules, or handbags, became essential for carrying necessities. Europeans first began snorting snuff, the pulverized form of tobacco, in the early seventeenth century, and within one hundred years it was widely used by men and women alike. Snuff boxes, tiny decorative containers for the powdered herb, became a symbol of vanity and fashion and an important part of the ritual of using snuff. First used as a weapon, the walking stick or cane has long been a symbol of strength and power, authority and social prestige, predominantly among men. George Washington (1732–1799), the first American president, carried one, as did later U.S. The display of wealth through fashionable clothes was also seen on the feet in the eighteenth century. Both men and women of wealth wore fancy shoes that signaled their status, a trend that died out by the end of the century. At the beginning of the century, low shoes were the most fashionable footwear for men. Showing a man's ankles was especially fashionable. After the French Revolution (1789–99), people began to reject obvious signs of wealth. The large buckles and elaborate patterned silk shoes of earlier days were replaced with simple, plain flat-soled slippers.

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New Zealand is a beautiful country, full of lush scenery. It is composed of 2 islands, the South and the North island. The country has its national bird, the kiwi. It’s brown in color, with a long straight beak. This bird is pretty strange, seeing its legs are not round the middle of his body, but rather at the back. This means that even though it’s a small bird (no larger than a seagull, but much fatter), it can outrun a human! Like some other birds, it can’t fly. One of the reasons probably is that it has no natural predators. Though imported stoats and ferrets now cause a danger for it. It is a nocturnal bird, which makes it very hard to see one. We saw one in a glass globe which recreated a nocturnal environment. We also saw keas, which seem to be some sort of mix between a hawk and a parrot. It has the same beak as a parrot, and has brown/green feathers, which makes it look slightly moldy. It is native to the south island. There are surprisingly big amount of hawks/falcons/eagles in New Zealand. It’s a real treat seeing them fly and swoop. I saw an albatross, which is the biggest sea birds in the world. They have a wingspan of about three meters. These wings are mainly used for gliding, and through this they can go up to 115km/s! They fly an average of 1800km/day, that makes about 75km/h, that makes about 1. 25km/min, that makes about 0. 020833333333…km/s. When they’re first born, they stay about 1 year on land, then they fly for 5 years without ever going on land. They are fertile from 12 years of age, and can live about 90 years, if not killed by fishermen or sharks. We saw quite a few seals, and got to less than a meter from one of them! They have extraordinarily big canines, and when we zoomed in to its mouth, we saw that its teeth were little more than red stubs (maybe covered in blood). These are some of the wonderful animals we saw in New Zealand. Filed under: Nouvelle-Zelande |

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In Something I Felix Heard It With Our Ears Seen It With Our Eyes Read It With our Hearts These are sciences as well. But his time we honor three individuals who, along with their own accomplishments, recognized genius in the work of others and preserved it for us. “Don’t call Bach merely by his name, which means brook; he should be called an Ocean! ” Ludwig van Beethoven once said. 1823—a fourteen year-old asks for a transcription of the Passion of St. Matthew as a present from his grandmother, Babette Solomon. As a twenty year-old composer and conductor he insists on a new production of the Passion despite resistance from various quarters. The work is widely held to be unstageable; Bach’s music thought to be too complex or unsuitable for general consumption. Bach is scarcely a part of the music scene of that era. With the production of the Passion of St Matthew on March 11th, 1829, one of the most spectacular rejuvenations in the history of music was realized. We honor Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy. Something more from within sounds of voices or of instruments a song promenades walking on it hands footloose inside you a melody recounts to you its language of passion all of it in the original yet without making a sound only in your head in your recollection Your power of recall can summon up all the joy or suffering you heard within – your ear perceived a consoling body unclad to clothe you with itself thus, is music touch achieving stillness while all is in motion and putting everything in motion when all is still it enters and resonates and in its company the possibilities are limitless

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This is a power point with the first 37 words on the Fry list. I used this power point with my kindergartners every week on Fridays. We used it as a whole group activity and search for the words on the word wall and made cheers with each word for kinesthetic learners. It is an awesome teaching resource for the whole year! Remember most hgih frequency words are not phonetically readable. Repetition and the use of this power point helps your students master these by the end of the year. I also have the I have. . . you have game cards and rainbow words tracing worksheets that complement this power point at my TPT store. Dr. Shirley Moux

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Children with sleep disorders will sometimes find themselves being monitored in a sleep clinic, but what does this actually mean? Professor Sarah Blunden, paediatric sleep specialist from the Sleep Health Foundation explains all there is to know about sleep clinics for children. What are sleep clinics like? According to Sarah, a sleep clinic for a child is very different from a sleep clinic for an adult. “The systems by which they work and the diseases, such as sleep apnoea, from which they suffer are very different in childhood than they are in adults,” she says. “So, you can’t put a child into an adult sleep lab and vice versa. ” When a child does go to a sleep clinic, they are accompanied by their parent or parents. “Paediatric sleep clinics these days are really fun,” says Sarah. “There are lots of things to do and you can play with toys and the staff are pretty paediatric friendly. ” Listen to Professor Sarah Blunden on Feed Play Love: What happens next? “The first thing is that you would need to have a whole range of electrical leads placed onto the child’s scalp, so they’re kind of pasted on with some special paste,” says Sarah. “These leads read the brainwaves, which are important because they tell us what stage of sleep the child is in because each stage of sleep has a very specific characteristic brainwave pattern and brainwaves are important to diagnose a whole range of sleep disorders. ” Sarah says the child’s head will be covered with anywhere from 12 to 16, or more, of these leads over the scalp, depending on what’s being measured and how comprehensive that test might be. “There will be a little thing underneath the nose to check airflow, and there will be bands around the chest and the waist to check the effort of the child’s body while they’re breathing. Because in some sleep disorders the body might be breathing but the air might not be moving and that’s an indication of sleep apnoea,” she says. “There might be leads also on the legs and on the arms to check twitching, which is another sleep disorder called periodic limb movement disorder. ” Do all children go to sleep? With so many leads and other bits and pieces, it can be difficult for some children to get to sleep, but apparently, they do sleep. Only about three to four hours of sleep are needed to diagnose a problem. “Children get overwhelmed quickly,” says Sarah. “Some of them are great and just cruise along and have a wonderful time, but many of them are anxious. Some of them hate things being stuck on their head and the ‘bandaid’ feel of these things on their skin. ” “We did have children that would come in and not go to sleep until very late,” explains Sarah, “but they would go to sleep because the environment itself is conducive to sleeping. And sleep drive is pretty overwhelming, particularly when you’re a child. It’s very hard to fight it when you’re really tired. You will fall asleep. ” The results are sent back to the doctor or specialist who initially referred the child to the sleep clinic. This might be a neurologist, a respiratory physician, a planned physician, even a GP depending on the presenting problem. “Sleep technicians will be looking at the studies saying, this looks like a sleep apnoea, this looks like a periodic limb movement, this looks like a this or a that, and it brings out the physiology of the sleep report,” says Sarah. “The specialist will look at that report and look at the findings and come up with his or her diagnosis from that point. It depends on where you go, as to what happens but usually, the child and the family have to go and visit a specialist either in the hospital or in their private rooms after the fact. ”

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Yoga May Be Beneficial in Asthma Control is an overreaction of the bronchial tubes (pathways to the lungs) to an allergic trigger. The trigger causes the bronchial tubes to become inflamed and constricted, making it difficult to breathe. Triggers may include viral infections, smoke, exercise, certain medicines, or allergens like dust, mold, or pollen. In some cases, the asthma can be severe enough to be life threatening. Asthma is treated with long-lasting and short term medicines, as well as lifestyle changes. Avoiding triggers is helpful in preventing asthma attacks, but it is unrealistic to avoid all triggers. Asthma can impair daily activities, leading to increased use of medicines. Some studies have indicated that yoga may help to control asthma. Researchers from India conducted a study to better understand potential benefits of yoga for asthma control. The study found that people who participated in a yoga program had improved quality of life and needed less medicine than those who did not. About the Study randomized control trial had 57 participants with mild to moderate bronchial asthma. All participants received conventional care, but 29 of the participants were also assigned to a yoga group. This yoga group participated in two weeks of lifestyle modification and stress management based on yoga and six weeks of monitored home practice. The yoga practice included postures, breathing, and meditation. Researchers measured the occurrence of exercise-induced bronchorestriction, pulmonary function, asthma quality of life, and the use of rescue medicine. After eight weeks, the yoga group: - Showed improvement in pulmonary function compared to their baseline levels - Had a reduction in the incidences of exercise-induced airway restriction - Had significant improvement in asthma quality of life (The control group had an improvement as well, but the yoga group improved faster and more completely. ) - Showed decreased use of rescue medicine (Use decreased in both groups, but the change began earlier and was greater in the yoga group. ) How Does This Affect You? Both groups had some positive changes after learning about asthma management steps, which suggests the importance of lifestyle changes for good management. The study was not able to define how the yoga made a difference for participants. Previous studies have shown that regular physical activity may help decrease the intensity or frequency of asthma attacks. Yoga provides physical activity, as well as breathing exercises and meditation. The unique body and mind exercises may contribute to the improvements seen here. In no way is this a suggestion that yoga should replace conventional care for asthma. Follow the plan you and your doctor have developed for management of your asthma. Consider adding yoga to your routine as an additional tool for good overall health. There are many different styles of yoga. Talk to yoga instructors in your area to find one that may be right for you. There are also a variety of yoga workout videos that you can do at home. Breathing exercises and meditation may help relieve stress. Some of these activities can be done in short bursts, anytime they are needed. American Lung Association Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America Vempati R, Bijlani RL, Deepak KK. The efficacy of a comprehensive lifestyle modification programme based on yoga in the management of bronchial asthma: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pulm Med . 2009 Jul 30;9:37.

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Guido D’Arezzo was an unassuming Benedictine monk who invented Do-Re-Mi-Fa-Sol-La-Ti-Do and the staff system that modern music is written on. Are you stunned? Did you think those things always existed? Guido was born around 991 in France and when he was of age (about 8), he joined the monastery at Pomposa in Italy, on the Adriatic coast. While he was still pretty young (in his 20s), he came up with a system for learning music by rote—a mnemonic device—that is his claim to fame, and probably features prominently in the song you remember best from Julie Andrews movies. The Abbot at Pomposa disliked the innovations Guido was making, so Guido found a sponsor in the Bishop of Arezzo at the cathedral (125 miles or so inland from Pomposa) and moved there. No longer part of a monastery, he found himself annoyed with the constant politicking of society, and he wrote longingly to his friend Michael (or Michele, depending on your sources), a monk who remained at Pomposa, of the life of study and solitude that he so missed. He suffered through his official responsibilities, he wrote. Guido wrote a practical guide for singers, called Micrologus de disciplina artis musicae, somewhere between 1025 and 1028. This remarkable document covered notes, intervals, scales, the modes, melodic composition, and improvised polyphony. It was commissioned by the Bishop of Arezzo, and only good things came to the world because of it. Micrologus described the rules for combining voices in organum, a primitive form of polyphony, where parts moved in parallel (no matter where one line moves, the other stays at exactly the same distance from it) and opposing (one line moves up and the other moves down in equal steps) directions. Defining the rules for these movements made it possible to think about breaking the rules, and opened up the opportunities for composition. For the first time, rather than adding a line of parallel or opposing movement to an existing chant, the lines could move independently, and polyphony was born. After polyphony came chords, so this really was the beginning of modern music. Micrologus also described solfeggio, a clever mnemonic device that Guido invented to facilitate sight singing. Solfeggio, or solmization, introduced a set of syllables that responded to the steps and half-steps in the succession of notes in a mode, such as C-D-E-F-G-A (you probably know this as the first six notes of a major scale. Go ahead, you know you want to sing Do-Re-Mi. That’s it! That’s just what it sounds like). Guido noticed that the first notes of each of the six phrases of a popular chant traced the pattern of that upward scale, and so he called the syllables Ut, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, in their honor. (The chant was “Ut queant laxis,” if you want to look it up). He named the system solmization (long for Sol-Mi). Guido’s syllables are still used today, although in the late 19th century, the first syllable was changed to “Do” as it was easier to sing on the open vowel, and added a “Ti” above the “La.” And there you have it: Guido invented Do-Re-Mi-Fa-Sol-La-Ti-Do. The cool thing about solmization is that it shows the placement of half steps (the white keys on a piano with no black key between them, and Mi-Fa, Ti-Do in solfeggio). Modes were not fixed to a particular starting or ending point like a modern scale, but rather to a stable half-step placement. Using solmization allowed flexibility in choosing a starting note but facilitated staying in the correct mode anyway. (If you pick any note on a piano, you need to know where the half-steps—or black keys—are needed to keep the scale major. Only the scale that begins on a C stays major with no black keys. In modes, you can start on any note, and as long as the half-steps are in the right place, you’re in the right mode. ) Guido is most famous for what is known as Guido’s Hand, but it was probably developed after his lifetime. This particularly charming invention uses the creases on a hand to show the placement of the notes, each corresponding to a note from solfeggio. There are many versions of the Hand (perhaps 50), some following each finger up its length and then starting again at the root of the next finger, and others winding in a spiral fashion, counter-clockwise around the top of the fingers and down and around the joints. (See my blog,The Guido’s Hand Seminar for more details about the Hand.) Using this, Guido (or any choir director) could point to a place on his hand, and the choir would sing the corresponding note. Suddenly, entirely rote memorization for learning music evolved to use visual aids. Guido also invented the hexachord, which means that the half-step (such as two white notes together on a piano with no intervening black note, or from a white note to its neighboring black note) is always between the third and fourth tone. So if your Do-Re-Mi pattern begins on a C, you play C-D-E-F-G-A-B, and if it begins on an A, you play A-B-C#-D-E-F#, and if it begins on a G, you play G-A-B-C-D-E-F#, and so on. If you can’t visualize this, imagine a major scale (Do-Re-Mi) and sing it first in one part of your range and then in another. Keeping it sounding “major” is the hexachord effect. If you played all the same notes on the piano starting on D as you played starting on C for a major scale, you’d have a mode. (I talked about this at great length in my blog Musical Modes, Church Modes (part 1) ) So in that sense, Guido also invented the idea of modern scales. Unheightened neumes existed already, and scholars at Notre Dame in Paris studied and scrupulously applied them to the collections of chant texts that Pope Gregorius (c540-604) had ordered (they were still collecting and documenting them 400 years later). These neumes (discussed in my blog The History of Music Notation) provided information about the movement between notes and a little about their duration, but no information about which specific note to sing or how one note related to another on the scale. Notation provided a clue as to how the music should sound, but a great deal of memorization (and guessing) was involved. Guido suggested the use of lines and spaces to depict which note was sung (including a red line for F and a yellow line for C). He identified the notes in the left margin next to the line they were written on, and although even that identification varied with the mode or clef placement, suddenly, someone could learn the chant from manuscript without ever having heard it, and it could be accurately reproduced by someone else who had never heard it. The method was widely adopted, and neumes changed to accommodate the format, becoming less florid, and more regular, eventually evolving into the block notes still used today for Gregorian chant, and ultimately into the fixed and stable notation that modern music uses. The original staff had four lines, each depicting notes a third apart. The modern staff of five lines evolved to avoid adding ledger lines as singing and instrumental ranges expanded beyond a single octave. This invention made it easier to memorize music (because of the visual aspect), and it became possible for individuals to study separately and come together with the same music learned. This led the way to the development of non-monastic musicians; once the need for learning by rote went away, educated nobility included music-making as an essential skill. This method of recording music in manuscripts also allowed a greater number of songs to be learned because the memorization factor went away. . Guido boasted that using solmization and staff notation, he could “produce a perfect singer in the space of a year, or at most in two,” rather than the ten or more it usually took when learning by rote. Guido’s official responsibilities in Arrezo included educating a large group of cathedral singers for Bishop Teodald (or Theobald or even Theobaldo, depending on your sources). He was good at it, and his reputation as both an innovator and a choir director spread to Rome. When Pope John XIX called Guido to Rome In 1028, he showed the Vatican his new method of notation. They were excited by both the new system and by the probability of finally beating the school at Notre Dame to musical innovation. But Guido grew ill in Rome, and never really regained his health. Ailing, he joined a Camaldalese monastery at Avellana (about half-way between Rome and Arezzo) in 1029. The Camaldonians later became a separate order from the Benedictines, and many of the new-style manuscripts that Guido invented came out of Camaldese houses. The date of Guido’s death is unsure and he died without publication of the event. It’s not known where he’s buried. “A History of Western Music,” by J. Peter Burkholder, Donald Jay Grout, Claude V. Palisca, W.W. Norton & Company, New York, 2010 “The Concise Oxford History of Music,” by Gerald Abraham, Oxford University Press, New York,1985 “A Dictionary of Early Music: From the Troubadours to Monteverdi,” by Jerome and Elizabeth Roche, Oxford University Press, New York, 1981 “A Performer’s Guide to Medieval Music,” edited by Ross W. Duffin, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 2000 “Companion to Medieval and Renaissance Music,” edited by Tess Knighton and David Fallows, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1997 “The Pelican History of Music, Volume 1: Ancient Forms to Polyphony,” by Denis Stevens and Alec Robertson, Pelican Books, Baltimore, 1960

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The Roanoke Valley in Virginia's Blue Ridge boasts a special kind of flavor and the culture of the region is reflected in the outstanding tastes of the cuisine. This website is meant to serve as a valuable resource for you with extensive information about the Roanoke Valley in Virginia's Blue Ridge Mountains, and there are a few questions we frequently get asked that deserve some special attention. See below to learn the answers to the most frequently asked questions about Virginia's Blue Ridge. It's a rather complicated explanation of physics and biology, but we won't bore you with all the details. Basically, the trees that cover the Blue Ridge Mountains release organic compounds into the air. When those compounds and tiny particles from the trees and plants are released, it creates a blue haze that gives our mountains their distinct blue color. No. The Lost Colony of Roanoke was on Roanoke Island in Eastern North Carolina near the coast. The colony was established by the English in 1585 and was later found deserted when English explorers returned to Roanoke Island in 1590. The Roanoke in Virginia's Blue Ridge was originally known as "Big Lick," which was because of the area's large deposits of salt in the Roanoke River. The town of "Big Lick" was established in 1852 and chartered in 1874, and the name was changed to "Roanoke" in 1882, which comes from the Algonquin word for shell money, "Rawrenock." Roanoke grew as a railroad and coal hub, eventually becoming the transportation center of western Virginia. The Roanoke Star sits atop Mill Mountain and serves as an iconic symbol that overlooks the Roanoke Valley and shines brightly at night. The star was constructed in 1949 and was meant to serve as a Christmas decoration for the region that would be taken down following the holiday season of 1949. However, the neon star was such a popular symbol that the city elected to keep it atop the mountain, where it remains today. Based on the most recent census data, the region is home to approximately 300,000 people. The Roanoke Metropolitan Statistical Area includes the City of Roanoke, City of Salem, Roanoke County, Botetourt County, Craig County and Franklin County. The City of Roanoke is the most populated area of the region with approximately 99,000 residents. The Blue Ridge Parkway winds through the heart of Virginia's Blue Ridge in a north/south direction and the region features eight primary entry/exit points to reach this breathtaking road that's been named "America's Favorite Drive." The Parkway passes through Floyd County, Franklin County, Roanoke County, Botetourt County and Bedford County in Virginia's Blue Ridge, and can be easily reached from many different parts of the region. See our Blue Ridge Parkway Map for helpful information. Virginia's Blue Ridge is home to Smith Mountain Lake, Virginia's largest manmade lake. Smith Mountain Lake features over 500 miles of glistening shoreline and is located in the eastern part of the region. We also have a variety of rivers that provide wonderful opportunity for fishing, kayaking, canoeing and more. The Roanoke River, Blackwater River and James River are all primary rivers in Virginia's Blue Ridge. Plus, Carvins Cove Natural Reserve is located on over 12,000 acres of land in Roanoke & Botetourt County and provides an incredible assortment of outdoor activities. The region is in a location where it experiences four distinct seasons. The higher elevations prevent Virginia's Blue Ridge from reaching sweltering summer temperatures, but it's far enough south to experience mild winters. The average annual temperatures are a high of 67F and low of 45F, with an average annual rainfall of 40. 3 inches and annual snowfall of 22. 8 inches and 118 precipitation days. Virginia's Blue Ridge is also located in an ideal position to experience the breathtaking beauty of fall foliage in the Blue Ridge Mountains, which is usually in October and November. It's impossible to only pick one time of year to visit the Roanoke Valley in Virginia's Blue Ridge. Because of our mild temperatures and great variety of activities, any of the four seasons can provide a wonderful opportunity for a mountain getaway.

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反ストークスラマン散乱を用いた水素ガスの漏洩検知 Leak detection of Hydrogen Gas Using Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering An experimental study was performed to evaluate the applicability of anti-Stokes Raman scattering to leak detection of hydrogen gas. The laser beam of wavelength 355 nm and Stokes beam of wavelength 416 nm were aligned in a collinear configuration, and hydrogen gas was released into air through a nozzle of aperture 1 mm placed immediately below the beam path. The anti-Stokes beam of wavelength 309 nm was generated by coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering. The three beams were incident on a diffusing plate, and the anti-Stokes beam was selectively imaged using an image intensifier and two interference filters. The interference filters provided sufficient rejection at 355 nm, 416 nm, and at fluorescence wavelengths to provide a clear image at 309 nm. The anti-Stokes beam could be imaged down to hydrogen gas release rates of 2 ml/min when the nozzle exit was 0. 5 mm below the laser beam and Stokes beam. The anti-Stokes beam could be imaged for separation distance (between the laser and Stokes beams and the nozzle exit) of <3. 5 mm, for a gas release rate of 10 ml/min. - 電気学会論文誌. C, 電子・情報・システム部門誌 = The transactions of the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. C, A publication of Electronics, Information and System Society 電気学会論文誌. C, 電子・情報・システム部門誌 = The transactions of the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. C, A publication of Electronics, Information and System Society 128(7), 1191-1196, 2008-07-01 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan

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Posted By Claire on July 23, 2010 Today, I’m going to look at Sir Thomas Boleyn, Earl of Wiltshire, Earl of Ormonde and Viscount Rochford, the father of Queen Anne Boleyn and an important man at the court of King Henry VIII. Popular culture (“The Tudors”, “The Other Boleyn Girl” etc. ) paints him as a cunning and manipulative man who will stop at nothing to curry favour and raise his status at court, and many Anne Boleyn fans dislike him, feeling that he let Anne and George down in their hour of need and just carried on with his life and career, but was Thomas Boleyn really like that? Let’s examine his background, career and the different views people have of him and see if we can discover the real Thomas Boleyn. Thomas Boleyn was born in around 1477, the eldest of ten children. His parents were Sir William Boleyn (1451 – 1505), son of Geoffrey Boleyn (1406 – 1463) the Lord Mayor of London, and Lady Margaret Butler (1454 – 1539), daughter of Thomas Butler, the 7th Earl of Ormonde (1426 – 1515). Thomas’s mother, Margaret was a descendant of Eleanor de Bohun (1304 – 1363) and her first husband James Butler, 1st Earl of Ormonde, and interestingly Eleanor de Bohun was the granddaughter of Edward I and his first wife, Eleanor of Castile. I made the point in my post Anne Boleyn’s Royal Blood, based on research done by Olivia Peyton and Robert Milne from the Facebook group Anne Boleyn1, that Eleanor of Castile was descended from Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine, so Thomas Boleyn wasn’t the commoner some people have made him out to be. Thomas’s father, Sir William Boleyn, was High Sheriff of Kent and his paternal grandfather, Geoffrey Boleyn (1406 – 1463) was a successful mercer (a merchant of fine cloth) and also served as Lord Mayor of London in 1458. It was Geoffrey Boleyn who purchased Hever Castle in 1462 – it had previously belonged to William Fiennes, 2nd Baron Saye and Sele – and set about renovating it and rebuilding it into the manor house that stands today. Marriage and Issue Thomas Boleyn married Lady Elizabeth Howard, daughter of Thomas Howard, the Earl of Surrey (and later the 2nd Duke of Norfolk) in around 1498/1499. We do not know the precise date of their marriage but Eric Ives2 points out that Elizabeth’s jointure was settled on her in the summer of 1501, suggesting a relatively recent marriage. As far as issue is concerned, we know that the Boleyns had at least five children – Mary, George, Anne, Thomas and Henry – because we have records of them. Many people have not heard of Thomas and Henry but that is because they did not survive childhood. Thomas is buried at Penshurst Church and Henry is buried at St Peter’s Church, Hever. This photo shows the stone marker of Henry’s grave on the floor of St Peter’s, near his father’s tomb. In a letter written to Thomas Cromwell in July 1536, Thomas Boleyn recalled the financial hardship of his early years of marriage, mentioning that his wife “brought me every year a child”3 but we do not know, conclusively, the birthdates of the Boleyn children and can only hypothesise. Eric Ives believes that Mary was the eldest and was born around 1499, then Anne in 1500/1501 and then George in about 1504, but what about Thomas and Henry? Well, I discussed this with Alison Weir and she pointed out that it is likely that they were born before George because of their names – Thomas after his father and Henry to honour the King, Henry VII – and that they must have still been alive when George was born, otherwise George would have been named Thomas or Henry. If we believe that Anne was born in 1501 then Thomas and Henry could have been born in 1502 and 1503, if Elizabeth did indeed bring her husband a child every year, or perhaps one of them was born before Mary. Obviously, this all changes if you believe that Anne Boleyn was born in 1507! Career and Offices Although Paul Friedmann4 writes of how it was Thomas’s father-in-law, the Earl of Surrey, who helped to advance Thomas’s interests at court, we also have to take into account that Thomas Boleyn was an incredibly intelligent man and an asset that any king would want at court. Eric Ives writes that Thomas “was a man of some education, far and away the best speaker of French in the Tudor court, with Latin as well, and cultured enough to commission several items from Erasmus”5 and in his notes on his chapter “A Courtier’s Daughter”, Ives writes that it is probable that Thomas also had legal training. Legal training, a flair at languages and a cultural disposition, no wonder he was chosen by Henry VIII to undertake many embassies and diplomatic missions. Thomas Boleyn also knew the importance of being involved in courtly entertainment, jousting and tournaments, and there are records of him fighting with the King at Greenwich in May 1510 and being an “answerer” in February 1511 at the Westminster challenge6. Thomas Boleyn Here are the highlights of his career, including the rewards he was given for his loyalty and hard work:- - Mentioned in the Pardon Roll at the beginning of Henry VIII’s reign – “20 June. Thomas Boleyn, Bullen or Bulleyn, of Bishops Lynn and Boston, gent. , innholder or yeoman, late yeoman of the Crown of Henry VII. ”7 - 1509 – Knighted - 1517 – Chosen to look after Margaret, Henry VIII’s sister, on her visit to England8. - 1511 – Made joint governor of Norwich Castle with Sir Henry Wyatt9 - 1511 and 1517 – Appointed High Sheriff of Kent - 1512 – Sent as ambassador to the Low Countries - 1519-1523 – Appointed as Ambassador to the court of France, attended the Field of Cloth of Gold, attended the meeting at Gravelines with Emperor Charles V, participated in the Calais Conference of 1521 and was then appointed as ambassador to Spain.10 - 1522 – Obtained the patent of the treasurer of the household, the stewardship of Tunbridge, the receivership of Bransted, and the keepership of the manor of Penshurst.11 - 1523 – Granted the keepership of Thunderley and Westwood Park.12 - 1523 – Made Knight of the Garter - 1524 – Granted the stewardship of Swaffham.13 - 1525 – Made Lord Rochford - 1527 – Diplomatic missions to France - 1529 – Sent as envoy to seek support for the divorce of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon from Emperor Charles V and Pope Clement VII. - 1529 – Thomas given the Earldom of Ormonde after the Butlers surrendered the title in return for the disputed Ormonde lands on a long lease. - 1529 – Made Earl of Wiltshire.14 - 1530 – Appointed Lord Privy Seal after the fall of Cardinal Wolsey.15 - March 1536 – The Boleyn managed to secure letters patent reconstructing Thomas Boleyn’s lease of the Crown honour of Rayleigh in Essex. Sir Anthony Browne was forced to surrender this office. 16 As you can see from this long list of jobs and rewards, Thomas Boleyn was one of the King’s main men from the beginning of his reign in 1509 until the fall of the Boleyn faction in 1536. He was an active and important member of the Privy Council and Eric Ives writes of how the King spoke of Thomas Boleyn as being a skilled negotiator and how it is evident that he knew how to handle the king17. He certainly reaped his rewards. As I said earlier, fiction, movies and TV series have portrayed Thomas Boleyn as a man who used and manipulated his daughters to advance his career. Even historians judge him harshly – Eric Ives quotes Friedmann as saying that Thomas Boleyn was “mean and grasping”18 and P W Sergeant as saying “it is clearly hopeless to attempt a defence of Sir Thomas”19. Now, we know that Mary Boleyn was Henry VIII’s mistress and obviously Anne was in a relationship with the King for around 10 years, but did Thomas purposely put his daughters in the King’s path? Was he a pimp who prostituted his daughters for his own gain? It is hard to know, but we need to take into account Tudor beliefs regarding women and the context the Boleyns were living in. Women were seen as second class citizens, as chattels, and a daughter’s only use to a father was to marry well so that she was supported financially and so that she could bring honour and favour to her family. I don’t think that Thomas was unusual in using his daughters to gain favour and having a daughter become mistress to the King brought all sort of rewards and prestige to the family and did not seem to affect the woman’s long term reputation or marriage prospects. I think that Thomas was simply an ambitious courtier and an opportunist. Joanna Denny is one historian who does not see Thomas as a scheming manipulator at all and writes of how he recalled Mary to England when he heard of her exploits at the French Court and removed Anne from court, when he spotted the King’s interest in her, because “while he could do nothing to prevent the King’s affair with Mary, he could try to protect his younger daughter. ”20 I guess we’ll just never know what kind of man Thomas really was but he cared enough about his daughters to make sure that they received a top notch education, instead of simply learning needlework and homemaking skills. He also sent them abroad and Anne Boleyn was famed for her fluency in French, her musical skills and intelligence. It is said that Mary Boleyn had the Howard classical beauty whereas it seems that Anne’s dark looks came from the Boleyn/Butler side of the family and I also think that Anne was her father’s daughter, having his ambition and intelligence. Thomas Boleyn the Reformer While we can argue until we’re blue in the face over Anne Boleyn’s faith and her role in the English Reformation, it is clear that her father played a role in advancing reform by using his diplomatic missions to smuggle literature into England, literature which would have been viewed as heretical. Joanna Denny writes:- “Thomas Boleyn was a firm advocate of the “New Religion”. He imported dangerous tracts that could have led to his condemnation as a heretic, one of which he translated and dedicated to his daughter Anne. He commissioned works from Erasmus, who wrote a commentary for him on Psalm 23 and called him “egregie eruditus“, outstandingly learned. ”21 Denny goes on to describe him as “a man of principle, learned and daring in taking risks for his beliefs. He was a supporter of the New Religion, a Protestant, although this term was not in use until 1529”22 and writes of how he kept in contact with French reformers. 23 Ives too writes of how Thomas Tebold travelled around Europe in 1535 and 1536, supported by Thomas Boleyn, spreading the news that Thomas was a patron of the New Learning and New Religion24. It is clear that Anne and George’s interest in humanism and reform stemmed from their father. Thomas Boleyn and the Fall of Anne Boleyn On the 24th April 1536, two commissions of oyer and terminer were set up to investigate treason and Thomas Boleyn was one of the commissioners. Little did he know that he would be sitting in judgement on four of the men accused of committing adultery with his daughter, Anne Boleyn. The setting up of this commission was the beginning of the end for the Boleyn faction and May 1536 saw the downfall and executions of two of Thomas Boleyn’s children, Anne Boleyn and George Boleyn, and key Boleyn supporters. So, how did Thomas Boleyn escape? Friedmann explains:- “Anne’s friends were closely watched, but it was not thought necessary to interfere with the liberty of Lord Wiltshire. He was a mean egotist and coward, and from motives of prudence had always disapproved of his daughter’s bold and violent courses. There was, therefore, no reason to fear that he would try to defend her. ”25 Harsh words! It could be argued that Thomas Boleyn escaped because he could not be implicated in his daughter’s affairs, who knows, but he was a lucky man. He is often criticised for not fighting for Anne and George, after all, Weston’s family did all that they could to try and get Weston released, yet there is no record of Thomas Boleyn lifting a finger to help his children. But who can judge Thomas Boleyn? He knew the King and Cromwell well enough to know that there was no hope and who can blame him for blending into the background and thinking of his own survival when he realised that there was nothing he could do? We can only imagine the heartache he felt on the brutal deaths of his children, the guilt that he felt, and it is likely that the events of 1536 led to some kind of breakdown in Thomas’s marriage to Elizabeth, suggested by the fact that she was buried at Lambeth, in the Howard church, rather than at Hever. Life After Anne Although Thomas Boleyn fell from favour after the fall and execution of his daughter, he was a survivor and did not give up. He was active in squashing the rebellion of the Pilgrimage of Grace in 1536, he was present at Edward VI’s christening in 1537, and Ives talks of how he buttered up Cromwell by lending him his chain and Garter badge26. By 1538, Thomas Boleyn was back properly at court and it was even rumoured that he would marry Margaret Douglas, Henry VIII’s niece27! However, he did not live long after Anne’s fall, dying in March 1539, around a year after his wife. The fact that Henry VIII ordered masses to be said for Thomas’s soul is clear evidence that Thomas was back in favour by then. 28 Thomas Boleyn’s Resting place Thomas Boleyn is buried in a tomb at St Peter’s Church, Hever, Kent, just near his former home, Hever Castle. His tomb is decorated by a magnificent brass which shows him dressed as a Knight of the Garter. Above his right shoulder is his daughter Anne’s falcon crest and at his feet there is a griffin. His son, Henry Boleyn, lies nearby. Thomas Boleyn can be described as ambitious and self-seeking, but I do not think he was an evil man who manipulated his children and then turned his back on them in their hour of need. In my opinion, he was simply a product of Henry’s court and his time, a courtier who enjoyed basking in royal favour but who knew the sense of hiding when things got too hot. He was a survivor. I am sure that Anne would have understood the way he handled things in May 1536 and would have forgiven his shortcomings, she knew how things at court worked. Notes and Sources - The Anne Boleyn Facebook Group run by Olivia Peyton and Robert Mylne - The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn, Eric Ives, p17 - L&P, xi. 17, Letter from Thomas, Earl of Wiltshire to Thomas Cromwell, dated Hever, first Sunday of July. - Anne Boleyn, P Friedmann, p25 - Ives, p10 - Ives, p10 - Pardon Roll of 1509 L&P i. 438 - L&P ii. 1475 - Friedmann, p25 - Ives, p10 - Friedmann, p26-27 - Ives, p36 - Friedmann, p51 - Ibid., p306 - Ives, p11 - Ibid., p6 - Anne Boleyn, Joanna Denny, p49 - Ibid., p11 - Ibid., p38 - Ibid., p100 - Ives, p263-4 - Friedmann, p232-33 - Ives, p353 - LP xiv. 950

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It is one of the most remote nations on earth, made up of 32 atolls and one island scattered across the central Pacific, and is home to just 123,223 people. Its nearest neighbour is Fiji, a four-hour flight away, one that runs only on Mondays and Thursdays. Scattered across 2 million square miles, Kiribati is the definition of isolation. However, that has not stopped the island nation from finding itself at the centre of a superpower struggle for influence in the region of an intensity not seen since the Cold War. It is a struggle that has divided opinion on the islands, across the Pacific and around the world. In 2019 Kiribati and China resumed diplomatic ties and Kiribati recognised the One-China principal, which holds that Taiwan, its former partner in development, is not a separate country but is, in fact, part of China. It is a symbolic gesture but one that is bringing benefits for Kiribati. Last month, it was reported China would renovate an abandoned airstrip on Kanton Island. This sparked speculation that the re-servicing of the airstrip – disused since the Second World War and the Japanese occupation of Kiribati – was for the benefit of Chinese strategic advances in the region. The Kiribati government has refuted these claims, insisting the airstrip is purely for civilian use. President Taneti Maamau ran on a pro-China campaign that led to Kiribati’s switch in allegiance. Earlier this month Kiribati withdrew from the Pacific Islands Forum – ostensibly over concerns the interests of it and other tiny island nations were being overlooked but the withdrawal is a blow to Pacific unity, and one that observers fear strengthens China’s hand in the region. US alarm at this may have prompted its promise to maintain an embassy in every country across the Pacific. China’s investment in Kiribati follows a pattern it has followed across Africa and Asia, as part of its Belt And Road Initiative. That has seen massive investment in infrastructure projects such as new railways and road links – the “belt” of the title to link previously remote regions rich in natural resources. Meanwhile, the “road” is a series of new maritime trading routes, made possible by building vast port facilities and business parks. Dr Tess Newton Cain, from Griffith University in Australia and an expert on Pacific geopolitics, said the relationship with Kiribati was progressing exactly as elsewhere. She said: “Investments in critical infrastructure will be the most obvious. Based on what we have seen elsewhere in the region, we can also expect to see an increase in trade and offers of scholarships for i-Kiribati students. ” Key projects including Nigeria’s Abuja-Kaduna railway; the £3. 3 billion, Ethiopia to Djibouti route – east Africa’s first electrified railway that reduces a three-day journey to 12 hours; and Sri Lanka’s giant £1. 1bn Columbo Port City demonstrate the benefits to the developing world of doing business with Beijing. Western observers say China’s efforts will give it a worldwide influence in countries thousands of miles from its shores. Cain said: “China portrays itself as a large, developing country and describes its assistance to countries in the Pacific as ‘South-South co-operation’. From the research I have conducted, Chinese assistance has largely been in areas countries such as Australia and the US have not been interested in supporting. ” But there can be a catch. In the case of Zambia, repayments to China’s massive economic aid have run into default after default. Zambia is currently in $17bn of debt, a third of which is owed to China. A nation rich in copper and at the centre of heavy private and public investment from China, there are concerns over the restructuring of the country’s debt. Meanwhile, Sri Lanka had a complete economic collapse, which earlier this month resulted in the toppling of its government. Analysts have pointed towards the $2bn of debt the country owes China, and Sri Lanka’s role as a partner of China and participation in the Belt And Road Initiative. Cain said: “Support from China can include concessional loans as well as, or instead of, grants. This can lead to countries carrying a lot of debt to China’s EXIM bank, which can be difficult for them to service. “So far we have yet to see China do anything that could be considered threatening in relation to a Pacific island country that has been unable to service the debt. Tonga has attempted and failed to have debt forgiven. ” There are concerns in Kiribati that its economic autonomy is under threat. Tessie Lambourne, opposition leader and MP for the island of Abemama, had concerns over China’s role in recent decisions. “The opening of the Phoenix Islands Protected Area is an example. It’s one of the most fertile tuna fishing grounds in the world,” she said. In November, it was announced the government would open the World Heritage site to commercial fishing boats. Kiribati relies heavily on the issuing of fishing licences to sustain its economy and China is its key partner in this sector. However, the decision has left many, including Lambourne, to question the sustainability of this policy: “Opening it to commercial fishing will affect the sustainability of our main economic resource, the backbone of our economy. ” Others remain sceptical towards these claims against China – and contrast them with the behaviour of the UK and US, which used the islands as the location for their atomic weapons testing programme. Chuck Colbett, a project facilitator at the Malden Project in Kiribati, said: “China has offered to respect our culture and beliefs. Kiribati culture and beliefs were not respected by the UK nor America. The UK has been far from benevolent, reneging on its promise to rehabilitate Banaba.” As a colony under the British Empire, Kiribati’s island of Banaba was rich in phosphates. Its extraction has rendered the island barren and without opportunity. “The UK has abandoned Kiribati, boarding up its High Commission,” said Colbett. “China has shown respect towards Kiribati compared to the shocking things the US and UK have committed, ie the atomic test. ” For Colbett and his project, this partnership with China is presented as an opportunity. As a small island nation with limited resources, there is only so much scope for development. “Hopefully China picks up where the UK left off, with development projects,” he said. “China is the number one in providing tourism, being the main source for the Maldives, Australia and New Zealand. China could also greatly benefit Kiribati with its tourism. ” The group of islands where Tarawa, capital of the Pacific nation of Kiribati, is located, 1,800 miles south-west of Hawaii and 6,000 miles from China. Enjoy the convenience of having The Sunday Post delivered as a digital ePaper straight to your smartphone, tablet or computer. Subscribe for only £5. 49 a month and enjoy all the benefits of the printed paper as a digital replica. Subscribe

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En español | For decades, the death rate among all groups of Americans has been steadily declining, thanks to advances in medicine and quality of life. But 15 years ago, that trend suddenly reversed for one group: white Americans ages 45 to 54. In what a new study termed “an epidemic of despair,” two Princeton economists find that suicide, alcoholism and drug abuse are driving up deaths among less-educated, middle-aged, white Americans — some of it due to job loss and financial woes. The number of deaths — an estimated half-million over the past 15 years — is comparable to the number of Americans who have died of AIDS, the authors said. Read the latest exercise and memory-sharpening tips, health care reform and more! — AARP Health Newsletter » By contrast, the death rates for middle-aged Hispanics and blacks, as well as those age 65 and over in all racial and ethnic groups, have continued to decline. (The death rate for middle-aged blacks, though declining, is still higher than for middle-aged whites. The death rate for middle-aged Hispanics is well below both groups. ) The trend is also in stark contrast to death rates among adults ages 45 to 54 in other Westernized countries. The chart below compares middle-aged U.S. whites (the thick red line) and middle-aged U.S. Hispanics (thick blue line) to similar age groups in six other countries. The findings were published in a new paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences by Princeton professor of economics Anne Case and her husband, Angus Deaton, the 2015 Nobel laureate in economics and also a Princeton professor of economics and international affairs. Analyzing data from a variety of surveys and reports, including from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the pair found a sharp increase in deaths among white, middle-aged Americans from 1999 to 2013, but not from the typical killers like heart disease and cancer. Instead, it was from an overlooked epidemic of suicides and poisonings from abuse of alcohol and drugs, including prescription painkillers and heroin. The biggest increase occurred among those middle-aged white Americans with a high school degree or less. For them, deaths caused by drug and alcohol poisoning rose fourfold; suicides rose by 81 percent; and deaths caused by alcohol-related liver disease and cirrhosis rose by 50 percent, the researchers said. These midlife Americans also reported more uncontrolled pain, such as chronic joint pain, as well as more psychological stress and mental illness. Part of this may be due to fewer economic opportunities for those with less education, leading to more despair and worse health, and in turn more abuse of alcohol and drugs, Case told CNN. Get discounts on prescriptions, health exams, eye care and more — AARP Member Advantages » Her coauthor Deaton described it as a segment of the population who “have really been hammered by the long-term economic malaise. Their wages in real terms have been going down. So they get into middle age having their expectations just not met at all,” he told NPR. In a commentary published along with the study, two Dartmouth economists noted that the inflation-adjusted income for households headed by a high school graduate fell by 19 percent during the years analyzed by Deaton and Case. However, this doesn’t completely explain why the surge in deaths occurred only among whites and not blacks or Hispanics, who also faced serious economic problems during the same period, coauthor Ellen Meara told the New York Times. As for what can be done to improve the situation, Deaton and Case would like tighter restrictions on prescription painkillers, but note that broader social and economic issues are almost certainly involved. “What is happening is an epidemic of despair, that people on the bottom of the economic heap are being increasingly left out as inequality expands,” they said in a statement. If nothing is done, they added, it could mean that “those currently in midlife will age into Medicare in worse health than the elderly of today. ” Graphic: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Nov. 2, 2015 Also of Interest - Experts argue against new mammogram guidelines - 7 Things to do in your bedroom that can save your life — and only one involves sex - Contact AARP Foundation’s Housing Solutions Center for free foreclosure prevention counseling - Join AARP: Savings, resources and news for your well-being See the AARP home page for deals, savings tips, trivia and more.

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How do we understand our world? We represent it, we usually think. We normally think that a word like "tree" or "chair" points at a non-linguistic entity in the world, that gives the word its meaning. Similarly, we might suppose that an image drawn or painted in a certain way points to a non-image, the "tree" in the real world. Plato certainly subscribed to this, and supposed that the images were second class at best. The crucial first step in understanding semiotics is to understand structuralism, and the first step to understanding structuralism is to understand that the "sign-real world" model of understanding has certain problems with it. For one, we have spent much of this term arguing that we come to the "real" world with a set of expectations, strong enough that we "see" what we expect to see. We automatically move from the familiar to the unfamiliar, and in doing so bring not only our past experience, but our interpretations, ruminations, partial memories, emotions, and a host of other things that get mixed in to our memories of the past experience. We rarely remember "objectively", and there is a good question whether that objectivity actually even exists. Structuralism substitutes another way of understanding, that which supposes that our words and images (called "signs"), point not at an external reality, but at each other. Our signs make sense in the context of other signs, not in the context of an external governing reality. Saussure's semiotics depends on a binary system, that is, on the notion that there is a relationship between signifier and signified. This requires that we take seriously the statements (or images) that are made, and the context in which they are made. At the most basic level, the context that is relevant is the language. In fact, Saussure's most basic distinction is between langue and parole, or between the language something is in and the message that is being uttered at any time. "Langue" seems to be a kind of shadowy presence, in that, while no message can be spoken except in English, you can never get to "English" without the messages that are spoken. There's just more and more messages, more and more "parole". On the other hand, langue is what continues, while the messages themselves are uttered, and disappear. This means that for Saussure, the important thing about language is that it is synchronic, that is, it is related to other signs that co-exist with it, rather than diachronic, understandable in terms of history and changing over time. These signifiers and signifieds exist in a kind of reciprocal relationship; Saussure's image is of a unity of the two: So, understanding means the transfer of the contents of the mind from one person to the other. The signified, is the mental content, the concept that the signifier points at. The signifier is the material content, the thing in the world (at least the world of discourse), that points to the concept. Now for images, the question is, what serves the function of "langue"? What is the "grammar" of images? We might suppose that has to do with the history of the images. But there is a resistance to thinking of images this way, because it is so much harder to see that images are themselves a language, or better, a set of utterances in a language. We have a much harder time divorcing the "real" world from the signs in images, than we do in words. So, let's try some examples. One basic kind of image is the traffic sign. What does a stop sign signify? Is there something in the real world? Not really. It is not an image of something, but rather an attempt to communicate to us what we should do at a particular place. The sign signifies a concept, not an external reality. The sign "open" on the door of a business signifies a concept, the readiness of the shop to do business. Any of these signifieds could have other signifiers attached to them, as we recognize with words of a different language. Stop could just as well be "arret". But that assumes another langue. This could even be the case for the same langue – there is nothing "natural" about "stop" as the signifier, or "dog" as the signifier of the concept of dog. Signifiers are arbitrary. Signs are not infinitely arbitrary, though. There are only certain kinds of substitutions that can be made, and only certain combinations. If we consider "The cat sat on the mat", we recognize that the order is important. The logical collection of signs produces a syntagm, and the sign "cat: has a syntagmatic relationship with the other signs in the syntagm. As well, there are only certain kinds of substitutions we can make for the word "cat". Feline might do it, in some circumstances, but not in others. Kitty, in some. Pussy, in some, but definitely not others. This is a paradigmatic relationship. This suggests that there are two axes to every expression, the axis of order and the axis of substitution So, how do we understand the concept that is signified? By convention, certainly – there is nothing innate about red and octagonality that necessitates stopping. But it is not only convention, but tradition as well. In other words, it is not just that we give agreement to a meaning, in a kind of social contract manner, but also that through time the sign takes on more meanings just because it appears in a variety of contexts. Nothing stays only with the consciously agreed meaning; it also accretes meanings to itself over time. So, after awhile, anyone wanting to use the sign will wittingly or unwittingly bring other meanings as well. Take for example the swastika. It has come to stand for much more than what the original agreement had it to be, so much so that in many places the very use of the symbol is a statement on beliefs about politics, race, gender, lifestyle, and a whole host of other things. Now, the stop sign or the swastika are images chosen consciously to represent something else. As I have argued, they never stay within the limits of the original intention. But what about images that were not consciously chosen to represent something? Are there such images? Let's take the one mentioned earlier, the tree. Trees can be found in painting, photography, design, and all sorts of other places. The important thing is not just that the tree is there, but what the tree looks like. The "look" of the thing is crucial here. If it was just a tree, this might be iconography, the one-to-one correspondence between an image and a use. While these icons take on more symbolic functions (like everything does), often much effort is expended in reining in their extraneous senses. Not so with most other images we use. In fact, C. S. Peirce talks about 3 kinds of reference in semiotics: Symbolic representation, a mode in which the signifier does not resemble the signified but which is arbitrary or conventional (e. g., the word "stop", a national flag, a number); Iconic representation, a mode in which the signifier is perceived as resembling or imitating the signified (e. g., a portrait, a diagram, a model, onomatopoeia, metaphors, "realistic" sounds in music); Indexical representation, a mode in which the signifier is not purely arbitrary, but is directly connected in some way to the signified, by observation or inference (smoke, thermometer, clock, pain, fingerprint, handwriting, echo, knock on the door, etc. ). These are listed in decreasing order of conventionality. So, what about this tree? Well, if it is in an ad for SUVs, it might signify ruggedness and being away from civilization. In a vacation ad, it might signify the exotic (palm trees), or "getting away from it all" (the tree with the hammock on it). It could signify death (gnarled tree, no leaves, like in Friedrich's Tintern Abbey), or life (full, leafy tree in the middle of summer). It could be foreboding or welcoming. It could be a sign of the opposition between nature and the artificial world. It could be a sign of Christmas. Now, how do we know what it is? Well, obviously some of it has to do with what kind of tree is represented. But it is not only that. The context of the tree is important. But what is context? Only other signs. In other words, the tree points to a concept, but that concept is unavailable to us if we are unaware of the other signs available. Signs work, then, by signifying a difference from other signs. The first taste of coffee, for instance – how do we know what that is like? In part, by distinguishing it from other, similar (and not so similar) experiences. So, the absent, previously experienced signs are crucial in the construction of any given experience. What signs are those? The most obvious ones are those in the immediate vicinity of the image. But they are not the only ones. There is, as has already been mentioned, the convention and the tradition of signs. That means that any sign brings with it a history of associations, and those signs are important. But that's not all. There are also the signs that are absent. How could they be relevant? They are relevant because signs suggest oppositions. Back to the tree example. I mentioned that the tree could indicate the opposition between the natural and the artificial. That may be true even if the artificial isn't represented.

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Want to stay on top of all the space news? Follow @universetoday on Twitter The heart of our Milky Way galaxy is an exotic place. It’s swarming with gigantic stars, showered by lethal blasts of high-energy radiation and a veritable cul-de-sac for the most enigmatic stellar corpses known to science: black holes. And at the center of the whole mélange is the granddaddy of all the black holes in the galaxy — Sagittarius A*, a supermassive monster with 4 million times more mass than the Sun packed into an area smaller than the orbit of Mercury. Sgr A* dominates the core of the Milky Way with its powerful gravity, trapping giant stars into breakneck orbits and actively feeding on anything that comes close enough. Recently astronomers have been watching the movement of a large cloud of gas that’s caught in the pull of Sgr A* — they’re eager to see what exactly will happen once the cloud (designated G2) enters the black hole’s dining room… it will, in essence, be the first time anyone watches a black hole eat. But before the dinner bell rings — estimated to be sometime this September — the cloud still has to cover a lot of space. Some scientists are now suggesting that G2′s trip through the crowded galactic nucleus could highlight the locations of other smaller black holes in the area, revealing their hiding places as it passes. In a new paper titled “G2 can Illuminate the Black Hole Population near the Galactic Center” researchers from Columbia University in New York City and the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA) in Cambridge, Massachusetts propose that G2, a cloud of cool ionized gas over three times more massive than Earth, will likely encounter both neutron stars and other black holes on its way around (and/or into) SMBH Sgr A*. The team notes that there are estimated to be around 20,000 stellar-mass black holes and about as many neutron stars in the central parsec of the galaxy. (A parsec is equal to 3. 26 light-years, or 30. 9 trillion km. In astronomical scale it’s just over 3/4 the way to the nearest star from the Sun.) In addition there may also be an unknown number of intermediate-mass black holes lurking within the same area. These ultra-dense stellar remains are drawn to the center region of the galaxy due to the effects of dynamical friction — drag, if you will — as they move through the interstellar material. Of course, unless black holes are feeding and actively throwing out excess gobs of hot energy and matter due to their sloppy eating habits, they are very nearly impossible to find. But as G2 is observed moving along its elliptical path toward Sgr A*, it could very well encounter a small number of stellar- and intermediate-mass black holes and neutron stars. According to the research team, such interactions may be visible with X-ray spotting spacecraft like NASA’s Chandra and NuSTAR. The chances of G2 encountering black holes and interacting with them in such a way as to produce bright enough x-ray flares that can be detected depends upon a lot of variables, like the angles of interaction, the relative velocities of the gas cloud and black holes, the resulting accretion rates of in-falling cloud matter, and the temperature of the accretion material. In addition, any observations must be made at the right time and for long enough a duration to capture an interaction (or possibly multiple interactions simultaneously) yet also be able to discern them from any background X-ray sources. Still, according to the researchers such observations would be important as they could provide valuable information on galactic evolution, and shed further insight into the behavior of black holes. Read the full report here, and watch an ESO news video about the anticipated behavior of the G2 gas cloud around the SMBH Sgr A* below: This research was conducted by Imre Bartos, Zoltán Haiman, and Bence Kocsis of Columbia University and Szabolcs Márka of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.

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Evola published his Doctrine of Awakening (La dottrina del risveglio) in 1943, a time when history took a tragic turn, particularly in Italy where the outbreak of a most cruel civil war occurred in the context of a world conflict that seemed to sentence European civilization to death. Entire cities, turned into ashes, had ceased to exist, and this was just the prelude to the imminent apocalypse. In this tragic atmosphere, in which intellectuals were expected to assume a fighting attitude based on the values of action, courage, and heroism, Evola wrote a book on Buddhism for his readers! Keeping in mind the image that the West had formed of Eastern traditions, and more specifically, of the teachings of Ṡākyamuni, one can see how in Italy, among the numerous potential readers of such an unexpected work, there were some who saw in this “essay on Buddhist asceticism” a sort of provocation. This was especially so considering that Evola’s aristocratic origins did not seem particularly to predispose him to be interested in a religion in which monks, alienated from the world, played a predominant role. This reaction to the work was obviously a misunderstanding. It ignores the fact that the future Buddha was also of noble origins, that he was the son of a king and heir to the throne and had been raised with the expectation that one day he would inherit the crown. He had been taught martial arts and the art of government, and having reached the right age, he had married and had a son. All of these things would be more typical of the physical and mental formation of a future samurai than of a seminarian ready to take holy orders. A man like Julius Evola was particularly suitable to dispel such a misconception. He did so on two fronts in his Doctrine: on the one hand, he did not cease to recall the origins of the Buddha, Prince Siddhartha, who was destined to the throne of Kapilavastu; on the other hand, he attempted to demonstrate that Buddhist asceticism is not a cowardly resignation before life’s vicissitudes, but rather a struggle of a spiritual kind, which is not any less heroic than the struggle of a knight on the battlefield. As Buddha himself said (Mahāvagga, 2. 15): “It is better to die fighting than to live as one vanquished. ” This resolution is in accord with Evola’s ideal of overcoming natural resistances in order to achieve the Awakening through meditation; it should be noted, however, that the warrior terminology is contained in the oldest writings of Buddhism, which are those that best reflect the living teaching of the master. Evola works tirelessly in his book to erase the Western view of a languid and dull doctrine that in fact was originally regarded as aristocratic and reserved for real “champions. ” After Schopenhauer, the unfounded idea arose in Western culture that Buddhism involved a renunciation of the world and the adoption of a passive attitude: “Let things go their way; who cares anyway. ” Since in this inferior world “everything is evil,” the wise person is the one who, like Simeon the Stylite, withdraws, if not to the top of a pillar; at least to an isolated place of meditation. Moreover, the most widespread view of Buddhists is that of monks dressed in orange robes, begging for their food; people suppose that the only activity these monks are devoted to is reciting memorized texts, since they shun prayers; thus, their religion appears to an outsider as a form of atheism. Evola successfully demonstrates that this view is profoundly distorted by a series of prejudices. Passivity? Inaction? On the contrary, Buddha never tired of exhorting his disciples to “work toward victory”; he himself, at the end of his life, said with pride: katam karaniyam, “done is what needed to be done! ” Pessimism? It is true that Buddha, picking up a formula of Brahmanism, the religion in which he had been raised prior to his departure from Kapilavastu, affirmed that everything on earth is “suffering. ” But he also clarified for us that this is the case because we are always yearning to reap concrete benefits from our actions. For example, warriors risk their lives because they long for the pleasure of victory and for the spoils, and yet, in the end they are always disappointed: the pillaging is never enough and what has been gained is quickly squandered. Also, the taste of victory soon fades away. But if one becomes aware of this state of affairs (this is one aspect of the Awakening), the pessimism is dispelled since reality is what it is, neither good nor bad in itself; reality is inscribed in Becoming, which cannot be interrupted. Thus, one must live and act with the awareness that the only thing that matters is each and every moment. Thus, duty (dhamma) is claimed to be the only valid reference point: “Do your duty,” that is, “let your every action be totally disinterested. ” School of the Will Evola demonstrated that this ideal was also shared by the itinerant knights of the Western Middle Ages, who put their swords at the service of every noble cause without looking for any compensation. They fought because they prepared all their lives to offer their services and not because they wanted to become rich by looting their enemies. Were they pessimists? Certainly not. At the end of their lives they too could say, like Buddha, “done is what needed to be done. ” Nor were they optimists, since the principle “everything is working for the better, and in the best possible way” is not any less illusory than its opposite. Finally, the term “asceticism” is also susceptible to being misunderstood by those who view Buddhism from the outside. Evola reminds his readers that the original meaning of the term asceticism is “practical exercise,” or “discipline”—one could even say “learning. ” It certainly does not mean, as some are inclined to think, a willingness to mortify the body that derives from the idea of penance, and even leads to the practice of self-flagellation, since it is believed that one must suffer in order to expiate one’s sins. Asceticism is rather a school of the will, a pure heroism (that is, it is disinterested) that Evola, a real expert in this subject, compares to the efforts of a mountain climber. To the layman, mountain climbing may be a pointless effort, but to the climber it is a challenge in which the test of courage, perseverance, and heroism is its only purpose. In this we recognize an attitude that Brahmanism knew under certain forms of yoga and Tantrism. A few years earlier Evola had devoted his book L’uomo come potenza ([Man As Power] 1926) to celebrating such an attitude. In the spiritual domain, the procedure is the same. Buddha, as we know, was tempted early in his life by a form of asceticism that was similar to that of a hermit living in the desert. This approach involved prolonged fasts and techniques aimed at breaking the body’s resistance. Siddhartha, however, realized himself and achieved the Awakening only when he understood this type of asceticism to be a dead end. Turning away from the indignant protests of his early companions, he stopped mortifying his body, ate to placate his hunger, and returned to the world of human beings. But it was then that his detachment started to develop: the world no longer had a grasp on him, since he had become a “hero,” or like the ancient Greeks would have said, a “god. ” This is the profound meaning of Prince Siddhartha’s teachings, of he who became the “Enlightened One” (Buddha) or the “ascetic of the regal dynasty of the Ṡākya” (Ṡākyamuni). The value of Evola’s book lies in his clarification of this authentic Buddhism. Evola utilized a great number of original sources, especially those that were gathered in the Pāli canon (Pāli being the language employed by Buddha in his teaching career). And yet, Evola’s erudition is not running with his pen; his learning is not an end in itself, but rather fulfills its essential but subordinate role as a demonstrative means. Evola’s work, as he himself indicated in his original subtitle, is an “essay,” a summary, and not a summa. It is not a history of primitive Buddhism, but a reflection on the real nature of Buddhist asceticism and on its possible integration in the modern world. Who knows what Evola was thinking when he wrote this book? For my part, I am inclined to believe that, having a foreboding of the imminent tragedy ahead of him, he wished to illustrate the virtue of perseverance and faithfulness, even if it meant fighting in a no-win situation. And when in 1945 in Vienna he received the terrible wound that paralyzed him for the remaining thirty years of his life, we can believe that, overcoming his pain and the disappointment of no longer being able to climb the peaks that had always attracted him, he must have said to himself that having been born in that time and place, he had done what he needed to do, that is, give witness to Truth. And if in this dark age, in which the universe is approaching the end of one of its cycles (a necessary thing if a new world is to appear, according to the cyclical view of time), people are not able to receive such a testimony, so what? As Buddha himself said: “He who has awakened is like the lion who roars to the four directions. ” Who knows where and how this roar will echo? In any event, it is the roar of a victor, and this is the only thing that matters.

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Time is one of everyone's most important resources. The first step in managing time is to find out where time is being spent. Have your daughter fill in an hourly time chart for a week so she can see at a glance where all her hours are going. She will be able to determine if she needs to cut back on an activity or may find out that she is spending too much time on the telephone, watching television, or listening to the radio. Your daughter may be surprised to discover how she is spending her time. Once your daughter knows where her time is going, she is ready to set up a schedule. However, before she does this, she must set priorities determining exactly which activities are most important. Some students like to plan their time by setting up definite activities for every hour. Others like to use a to-do list that prioritizes which activities to do first each day. For others, the best time-management tool is planning how many hours to spend on major activities each day. Have your daughter try the time-management plan that she believes will work best for her. If it isn't effective, she can try another plan instead.

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A volcanic landscape unique in the world How can an island as dry as Lanzarote produce excellent white wines and sweet wines? The answer is the “geria”, a cone-shaped hollow excavated in natural layers of volcanic gravel several metres deep and in the centre of which a vine is planted, a wall in the shape of a half moon is then built around the vine in order to protect it from the wind. Row after row of these perfect hollows which are tinted green, ochre and black result in a most unique landscape and it helps to justify why Lanzarote has been included in The Unesco World Network of Biosphere Reserves. Wines and wineries recognised internationally Fruit trees such as the fig tree are also grown in this way, but it is the vine that is the star of the “gerias”. In the Protected Landscape of La Geria are several wineries which sell international award winning wines, like some of the better known wines of the malvasia grape. Underneath these spectacular vineyards is another natural jewel, the cave of Los Naturalistas (Naturalists), which is about 1,600 metres long. Take great care when going into the cave and use a good torch to see the numerous small needles of lava which protrude from its roof.

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|The Gold Rush||Previous||Next| |Digital History ID 3270| On January 24, 1848, less than 10 days before the signing of the peace treaty ending the Mexican War, James W. Marshall, a 36-year old carpenter and handyman, noticed several bright bits of yellow mineral near a sawmill that he was building for John A. Sutter, a Swiss-born immigrant who owned one of the great ranches that dotted California's Sacramento Valley. To test if the bits were "fool's gold," which shatters when struck by a hammer, or gold, which is malleable, Marshall "tried it between two rocks, and found that it could be beaten into a different shape but not broken. " He told the men working with him: "Boys, by God, I believe I have found a gold mine. " On March 15 a San Francisco newspaper, The Californian, printed the first account of Marshall's discovery. Within two weeks, the paper had lost its staff and was forced to shut down its printing press. In its last edition it told its readers: The whole country, from San Francisco to Los Angeles.. . resounds with the sordid cry of Gold! Gold! Gold! while the field is left half-planted, the house half-built, and everything neglected but the manufacture of picks and shovels. In 1849, 80,000 men arrived in California--half by land and half by ship around Cape Horn or across the Isthmus of Panama. Only half were Americans; the rest came from Britain, Australia, Germany, France, Latin America, and China. Platoons of soldiers deserted; sailors jumped ship; husbands left wives; apprentices ran away from their masters; farmers and business people deserted their livelihoods. By July, 1850, sailors had abandoned 500 ships in San Francisco Bay. Within a year, California's population had swollen from 14,000 to 100,000. The population of San Francisco, which stood at 459 in the summer of 1847, reached 20,000 within a few months. During the early years of the Gold Rush, men traveled alone to California. Few women arrived during the early years--for example, only 700 in 1849. In 1850, women made up only 8 percent of California's population. In mining areas, they made up less than 2 percent. The gold rush transformed California from a sleepy society into one that was wild, unruly, ethnically-diverse, and violent. Philosopher Josiah Royce, whose family arrived in the midst of the gold rush, declared that the Californian was "morally and socially tried as no other American ever has been tried. " In San Francisco alone there were more than 500 bars and 1,000 gambling dens. In the span of 18 months, the city burned to the ground six times. There were a thousand murders in San Francisco during the early 1850s, but only one conviction. Forty-niners (the nickname of the immigrants who traveled to California in 1849) slaughtered Indians for sport, drove Mexicans from the mines on penalty of death, and sought to restrict the immigration of foreigners, especially the Chinese. Since the military government was incapable of keeping order, leading merchants formed vigilance committees, which attempted to rule by lynch law and the establishment of "popular" courts.

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A Free, Professionally-edited, Non-profit Introductory Astronomy Textbook A new introductory textbook called Astronomy has just been published by OpenStax, a national, non-profit project to develop high-quality, introductory textbooks that are free to students. The publisher is located at Rice University and supported by several major foundations (including the Gates and Hewlett Foundations.) They have already done over 20 free textbooks in other fields, used by hundreds of thousands of students around the country. Senior authors for the new non-technical astronomy text are Andrew Fraknoi (Foothill College), David Morrison (NASA Ames Research Ctr.), and Sidney Wolff (National Optical Astronomy Observatory), who have had many years of experience writing texts and educational materials. The project had the help of over 75 astronomers and astronomy educators, to make sure that the text is up-to-date, authoritative, and educationally sound. None of the authors receive one penny of royalties. The book is free to students in the electronic version, and can be custom printed on demand – at cost. Even more interesting, the book is open source, which means professors can use it as is, or develop their own electronic version of it, selecting only the sections they teach and adding course-specific curriculum materials. The textbook is now available for review and adoption at: https://openstax.org/details/astronomy Featuring such current topics as the results from the New Horizons exploration of Pluto, the classification of exoplanets from Kepler and other projects, and the discovery of gravitational waves, the book is current and easily updated electronically. At the same time, it is written in everyday language specifically for non-science majors, with many analogies drawn from students’ lives, clear diagrams, the latest color images, and occasional touches of humor. Math boxes throughout the chapters put topics on a quantitative footing for those who want to use math in their courses. Each chapter has math problems at the end. However, if a course doesn’t use math, these boxes and problems can easily be skipped. Chapters also include suggested collaborative group activities (especially useful for discussion sections), links to web resources, biographies of astronomers, interdisciplinary connections, and much more. Ancillary materials are also being developed and the book will be compatible with several class management software systems. At a time when both students and professors have so often thrown up their hands in despair over the growing cost of astronomy textbooks, OpenStax Astronomy makes a professionally-edited, high-quality text available world-wide without charge.

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Thomas William Taylor (September 6, 1852 – February 24, 1924) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served as the 13th Mayor of Winnipeg, and was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1900 to 1914. Taylor was a member of the Conservative Party. Manitoba is a province at the longitudinal centre of Canada. It is often considered one of the three prairie provinces and is Canada's fifth-most populous province with its estimated 1. 3 million people. Manitoba covers 649,950 square kilometres (250,900 sq mi) with a widely varied landscape, stretching from the northern oceanic coastline to the southern border with the United States. The province is bordered by the provinces of Ontario to the east and Saskatchewan to the west, the territories of Nunavut to the north, and Northwest Territories to the northwest, and the U.S. states of North Dakota and Minnesota to the south. Canada is a country in the northern part of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9. 98 million square kilometres, making it the world's second-largest country by total area. Canada's southern border with the United States is the world's longest bi-national land border. Its capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. As a whole, Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land area being dominated by forest and tundra. Consequently, its population is highly urbanized, with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, many near the southern border. Canada's climate varies widely across its vast area, ranging from arctic weather in the north, to hot summers in the southern regions, with four distinct seasons. The Legislative Assembly of Manitoba and the Queen of Canada in Right of Manitoba, represented by the Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba form the legislature of the Canadian province of Manitoba. Fifty-seven members are elected to this assembly in provincial general elections, all in single-member constituencies with first-past-the-post voting. The Manitoba Legislative Building is located in central Winnipeg, at the meeting point of the Wolseley and Fort Rouge constituencies. Taylor was born in Portsmouth, England, and was educated in London, Ontario. He came to Winnipeg in 1877 and set up a bookbinding business two years letter. Taylor served as a Winnipeg alderman in 1892, was elected mayor 1893, and was re-elected without opposition in 1894. He was also the president of the Manitoba Rifle Association, and of the St. Andrew's Society. In religion, he was a member of the Church of England. England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north-northwest. The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain, which lies in the North Atlantic, and includes over 100 smaller islands, such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight. London is a city in Southwestern Ontario, Canada along the Quebec City–Windsor Corridor. The city had a population of 383,822 according to the 2016 Canadian census. London is at the confluence of the Thames River, approximately 200 km (120 mi) from both Toronto, Ontario and Detroit, Michigan; and about 230 km (140 mi) from Buffalo, New York. The city of London is a separated municipality, politically separate from Middlesex County, though it remains the county seat. Ontario is one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada and is located in east-central Canada. It is Canada's most populous province accounting for 38. 3 percent of the country's population, and is the second-largest province in total area. Ontario is fourth-largest in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut are included. It is home to the nation's capital city, Ottawa, and the nation's most populous city, Toronto, which is also Ontario's provincial capital. Taylor first ran for the Manitoba legislature in the 1896 provincial election, and lost to Liberal Peter McIntyre by 238 votes in Winnipeg North. He was first elected to the legislature in a by-election, held for Winnipeg Centre on November 1, 1900. Taylor defeated Liberal candidate Robert Muir by 157 votes, and served in the legislature as a backbench supporter of Rodmond Roblin's administration. He was re-elected in the riding of Winnipeg Centre over the Liberal candidate, J.A. McArthur, in the elections of 1903 and 1907. The Manitoba Liberal Party is a political party in Manitoba, Canada. Its roots can be traced to the late nineteenth-century, following the province's creation in 1870. Peter Campbell McIntyre was a printer and political figure in Manitoba. He represented Winnipeg North from 1892 to 1899 in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba as a Liberal. He was returned to the legislature again in the 1910 election, under controversial circumstances. Taylor defeated Fred Dixon, a Labour candidate supported by the Liberal Party, by a margin of seventy-three votes. The Socialist Party also ran a candidate in Winnipeg Centre, who received ninety-nine votes. Some believe the Conservatives encouraged the Socialist campaign to ensure their own victory. Frederick John "Fred" Dixon was a Manitoba politician, and was for several years the dominant figure in the province's mainstream labour and Georgist movements. The Manitoba Labour Party (MLP) was a reformist, non-Marxist labour party in Manitoba, Canada. It was created in early May 1910 as a successor to the province's second Independent Labour Party (1906–08). Former Member of Parliament Arthur Puttee was a leading MLP organizer. The party fielded one candidate in the 1910 provincial election, and also ran candidates at the municipal level. Despite his municipal experience, Taylor was never appointed to cabinet. He did not seek re-election in 1914, and died ten years later. Taylor's son-in-law, W.C. Birt, took over the family's bookbinding business after Taylor's death. The Thomas William Taylor printing plant and book bindery remained open in Winnipeg until 1968. Taylor Avenue in Winnipeg is named for Thomas William Taylor. There have been various groups in Canada that have nominated candidates under the label Labour Party or Independent Labour Party or other variations from the 1870s until the 1960s. These were usually local or provincial groups using the Labour Party or Independent Labour Party name, backed by local Labour Councils or individual trade unions. There was an attempt to create a national Canadian Labour Party in the late 1910s and in the 1920s, but these were partly successful. The Communist Party of Canada, formed in 1921/22, fulfilled some of labour's political yearnings from coast to coast, and then the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation - Worker Farmer Socialist" was formed in 1932. With organic ties to the organized labour movement, this was a labour party by definition. Richard Gardiner Willis was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He was the leader of the Manitoba Conservative Party from 1919 to 1922, and served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1922 until his death. The Socialist Party of Manitoba (SPM) was a short-lived social democratic political party launched in 1902 in the Canadian province of Manitoba. The organisation advanced a moderate programme of social reform legislation. In 1904 the SPM became one of the constituent units founding the Socialist Party of Canada, an organisation which continued until 1925. Fawcett Gowler Taylor, was a Manitoba politician, and was the leader of that province's Conservative Party from 1922 to 1933. Francis Evans Cornish was a Canadian politician. He served as Mayor of London, Canada West, in the early 1860s, became the first Mayor of Winnipeg in 1874, and was for a time a member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba. James Cowan was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He was a Progressive Conservative member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1958 to 1969. Skuli Sigfusson was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba on three occasions: from 1915 to 1920, 1922 to 1936, and 1941 to 1945. Joseph Bernier was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba on four occasions between 1900 and 1932. Bernier was a member of the Conservative Party, and served as a cabinet minister in the government of Rodmond Roblin. His father, Thomas A. Bernier, was a member of the Senate of Canada. Joseph Hamelin was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1914 to 1927. Hamelin's paternal grandfather, Salomon Hamelin, served in the Legislative Council of Manitoba from 1871 to 1876. His maternal grandfather was legislator Pascal Breland. George Allison Grierson was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1914 to 1922, and was a cabinet minister in the government of Tobias Norris. Grierson was a member of the Liberal Party. Arthur John Lobb was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1915 to 1920, as a member of the Liberal Party. William Henry Sims was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1914 to 1920 as a member of the Liberal Party. James Henry Howden was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba as a member of the Conservative Party from 1903 to 1915, and was a cabinet minister in the government of Rodmond Roblin. Thomas Boniface Molloy was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1914 to 1915, as a member of the Liberal Party. Edmund Landor Taylor was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1913 to 1915, as a member of the Conservative Party. John Henry McConnell was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1914 to 1922, as a member of the Liberal Party. Colin H. Campbell was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba as a Conservative from 1899 to 1914, and was a cabinet minister in the governments of Hugh John Macdonald and Rodmond Roblin. John W. Thompson was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1910 to 1914, as a member of the Liberal Party. Winnipeg Centre was a provincial electoral division in Manitoba, Canada. It existed on three separate occasions. The Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba ran 38 candidates in the 1953 provincial election, under the leadership of Errick Willis. Twelve of these candidates were elected, and the Progressive Conservatives formed the official opposition in the legislature. Some candidates have their own biography pages; information about others may be founded here.

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Wednesday, June 19, 2013 Dimming an LED lamp with an Arduino So I've been happy with these inexpensive 12V LED bulbs from Cree available at amazon. com. At 9 watts, they are as bright as a 35 watt halogen, cheap, and relatively good color. Also they are easy to take apart and hack! Here's another easy hack that lets you dim them smoothly and fully. Though you can dim the 120V versions using a dimmer, it's not very linear, and hard to control remotely. Here's an easy way using PWM from an Arduino or any similar microcontroller. The trick is to use a FET to bypass the driver current around the LEDs. If you are used to voltage sources like batteries or DC power supplies, this sounds wrong: won't the FET "short out" the driver? Well, yes it does; the trick here is that power LEDs are driven by a current source, which is completely fine to short. So just solder the bypass wires to the LED driver terminals marked "+" (pink wire) and "-" (white wire) in the image below (click for high resolution). Since it's on a heatsink you might need to increase the heat on your soldering iron. The voltage sources you are used to want to deliver a constant voltage regardless of the load. Thus they "prefer" an open circuit (so they don't have to do any work) and they "hate" short circuits because they would have to supply infinite current to maintain a constant voltage across a short. Boom! A current source, on the other hand, is the dual of a voltage source: it wants to deliver a constant current regardless of the load. So it is happiest driving a short circuit, because it needs no voltage to deliver its rated current. But it "hates" open circuits, because it would need to supply infinite voltage to generate a current across an open circuit. Again, boom! So here's the circuit, it's dead simple: A logic high from the arduino on pin 9 turns on the FET, and shunts the current through the FET rather than the LEDs (because the voltage drop across the low on-resistance of the FET is much less than Vf of the diodes). This does not bother the current source driving the LEDs: all it wants to do is deliver its set current (in this case, about an amp) and it doesn't care whether it's through the LEDs or the FET. I'm using an IRF840 (pdf datasheet) FET because I had one lying around from repairing some motor controllers, you can use any FET with a logic-level threshold like a IRF512. I did this modification with a 12V bulb, but it should work with a 120V bulb if the LED driver is floating. To find out, you should check the voltage between the driver negative and the arduino GND before connecting them: don't connect them if it's at all large, and you might want to add the optional resistor R1 with a value of a few K as isolation. Of course you experiment with this at your own risk! Happy hacking!

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What are SUPER lice and how do I prevent them? “What are SUPER lice and what makes them different from regular lice? ” This is an important question and is a question we often get asked as professionals in the lice eradication business. SUPER lice are a new strain of head lice that have genetically mutated to form a resistance to lice-killing chemicals that until recently were able to kill lice and nits (lice eggs). With the occurrence of this new strain of SUPER lice, it has allowed an epidemic to emerge as over-the-counter products that once worked to kill lice now are deemed useless, allowing the lice to spread more readily throughout the community. “How do I prevent SUPER lice from reoccurring? ” This is not an easy question to answer as some would think. Although there are a variety of measures you can take to prevent lice infestation in your family, nothing is 100% preventative. However, taking these steps will help keep the bugs away. Keeping loose hair pulled back can prevent lice from making a home in your child’s hair. Loose and long hair is more susceptible to infestation because there is more of it for a rouge louse to find its way.

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Break a leg, they say in show business. We can handle that. But humans, despite being the rulers of Earth, can't regenerate lost appendages. It seems that the more advanced the species, the less able they are to regrow legs, claws or heads. So break a head. It's up to us to stop, think and make sure these species stick around, even if they can grow back lost limbs. Unfortunately, so far, there doesn't seem to be a species that can grow back from extinction. Skinks are one example. They can't walk upright, but they can release their tail at will. If a predator tries to attack from behind, the tail detaches and keeps wiggling while the skink scurries away, according to the Missouri Department of Conservation. The skink can grow a new tail in three to four months. Alas, they are never "as colorful or elegant as the original," the agency says.

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||This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. (August 2012)| The Foundling Hospital in London, England was founded in 1741 by the philanthropic sea captain Thomas Coram. It was a children's home established for the "education and maintenance of exposed and deserted young children. " The word "hospital" was used in a more general sense than it is today, simply indicating the institution's "hospitality" to those less fortunate. The first children were admitted to the Foundling Hospital on 25 March 1741, into a temporary house located in Hatton Garden. At first, no questions were asked about child or parent, but a distinguishing token was put on each child by the parent. These were often marked coins, trinkets, pieces of cotton or ribbon, verses written on scraps of paper. Clothes, if any, were carefully recorded. One entry in the record reads, "Paper on the breast, clout on the head. " The applications became too numerous, and a system of balloting with red, white and black balls was adopted. Children were seldom taken after they were twelve months old. On reception, children were sent to wet nurses in the countryside, where they stayed until they were about four or five years old. At sixteen girls were generally apprenticed as servants for four years; at fourteen, boys were apprenticed into variety of occupations, typically for seven years. There was a small benevolent fund for adults. In September 1742, the stone of the new Hospital was laid in the area known as Bloomsbury, lying north of Great Ormond Street and west of Gray's Inn Lane. The Hospital was designed by Theodore Jacobsen as a plain brick building with two wings and a chapel, built around an open courtyard. The western wing was finished in October 1745. An eastern wing was added in 1752 "in order that the girls might be kept separate from the boys". The new Hospital was described as "the most imposing single monument erected by eighteenth century benevolence" and became London's most popular charity. In 1756, the House of Commons resolved that all children offered should be received, that local receiving places should be appointed all over the country, and that the funds should be publicly guaranteed. A basket was accordingly hung outside the hospital; the maximum age for admission was raised from two months to twelve, and a flood of children poured in from country workhouses. In less than four years 14,934 children were presented, and a vile trade grew up among vagrants, who sometimes became known as "Coram Men", of promising to carry children from the country to the hospital, an undertaking which they often did not perform or performed with great cruelty. Of these 15,000, only 4,400 survived to be apprenticed out. The total expense was about £500,000, which alarmed the House of Commons. After throwing out a bill which proposed to raise the necessary funds by fees from a general system of parochial registration, they came to the conclusion that the indiscriminate admission should be discontinued. The hospital, being thus thrown on its own resources, adopted a system of receiving children only with considerable sums (e. g., £100), which sometimes led to the children being reclaimed by the parent. This practice was finally stopped in 1801; and it henceforth became a fundamental rule that no money was to be received. The committee of inquiry had to be satisfied of the previous good character and present necessity of the mother, and that the father of the child had deserted both mother and child, and that the reception of the child would probably replace the mother in the course of virtue and in the way of an honest livelihood. At that time, illegitimacy carried deep stigma, especially for the mother but also for the child. All the children at the Foundling Hospital were those of unmarried women, and they were all first children of their mothers. The principle was in fact that laid down by Henry Fielding in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling: "Too true I am afraid it is that many women have become abandoned and have sunk to the last degree of vice [i. e. prostitution] by being unable to retrieve the first slip. " There were some unfortunate incidents, such as the case of Elizabeth Brownrigg (1720–1767), a severely abusive Fetters Lane midwife who mercilessly whipped and otherwise maltreated her adolescent female apprentice domestic servants, leading to the death of one, Mary Clifford, from her injuries, neglect and infected wounds. After the Foundling Hospital authorities investigated, Brownrigg was convicted of murder and sentenced to hang at Tyburn. Thereafter, the Foundling Hospital instituted more thorough investigation of its prospective apprentice masters and mistresses. Music and art The musical service, which was originally sung by the blind children only, was made fashionable by the generosity of George Frideric Handel, who frequently had Messiah performed there, and who bequeathed to the hospital a fair copy (full score) of his greatest oratorio. Handel's involvement had begun on 1 May 1750 when he directed a performance of Messiah to mark the presentation of the organ to the chapel. That first performance was a great success and Handel was elected a Governor of the Hospital on the following day, a position he accepted. In 1774 Dr Charles Burney and a Signor Giardini made an unsuccessful attempt to form in connection with the hospital a public music school, in imitation of the Pio Ospedale della Pietà in Venice, Italy. In 1847, however, a successful juvenile band was started. The educational effects of music were found excellent, and the hospital supplied many musicians to the best army and navy bands. The early connection between the hospital and the eminent painters of the reign of George II is of interest. The exhibitions of pictures at the Foundling Hospital, which were organized by the Dilettante Society, led to the formation of the Royal Academy in 1768. William Hogarth, who was childless, had a long association with the Hospital and was a founding Governor. He designed the children's uniforms and the coat of arms, and he and his wife Jane fostered foundling children. Hogarth also decided to set up a permanent art exhibition in the new buildings, encouraging other artists to produce work for the hospital. Indeed, several contemporary English artists decorated the walls of the hospital with their works, including Sir Joshua Reynolds, Thomas Gainsborough, Richard Wilson and Francis Hayman. Hogarth painted a portrait of Thomas Coram for the hospital. He also donated his "Moses Brought Before Pharaoh's Daughter". His painting "March of the Guards to Finchley" was also obtained by the hospital after Hogarth donated lottery tickets for a sale of his works, and the hospital won it. Another noteworthy piece is Roubiliac's bust of Handel. The chapel's altar-piece was originally "Adoration of the Magi" by Casali, but deemed to look too Catholic by the Hospital's Anglican governors, it was replaced by Benjamin West's picture of Christ presenting a little child. The hospital also owns several paintings illustrating life in the institution by Emma Brownlow, daughter of the hospital's administrator. The Foundling Hospital art collection can today be seen at the Foundling Museum. In the 1920s, the Hospital decided to move to a healthier location in the countryside. A proposal to turn the buildings over for university use fell through, and they were eventually sold to a property developer called James White in 1926. He hoped to transfer Covent Garden Market to the site, but the local residents successfully opposed that plan. In the end, the original Hospital building was demolished. The children were moved to Redhill, Surrey, where an old convent was used to lodge them, and then in 1935 to the new purpose-built Foundling Hospital in Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire. When, in the 1950s, British law moved away from institutionalisation of children toward more family-oriented solutions, such as adoption and foster care, the Foundling Hospital ceased most of its operations. The Berkhamsted buildings were sold to Hertfordshire County Council for use as a school and the Foundling Hospital changed its name to the Thomas Coram Foundation for Children and currently uses the working name Coram. The Foundling Hospital still has a legacy on the original site. Seven acres (28,000 m²) of it were purchased for use as a playground for children with financial support from the newspaper proprietor Lord Rothermere. This area is now called Coram's Fields and owned by an independent charity, Coram's Fields and the Harmsworth Memorial Playground. The Foundling Hospital itself bought back 2. 5 acres (10,000 m²) of land in 1937 and built a new headquarters and a children's centre on the site. Although smaller, the building is in a similar style to the original Foundling Hospital and important aspects of the interior architecture were recreated there. It now houses the Foundling Museum, an independent charity, where the art collection can be seen. The original charity still exists as Coram, registered under the name Thomas Coram Foundation for Children, and is one of London's largest children's charities, operating in adjacent buildings constructed in the 1950s. The Foundling Hospital in fiction The Foundling Hospital is the setting for Jamila Gavin's novel Coram Boy. It also appears in three books by Jacqueline Wilson; Hetty Feather, Sapphire Battersea and Emerald Star. In the story Sapphire Battersea, Hetty has just left the hospital but still speaks ill of it. In the first story Hetty Feather, Hetty has just arrived from her foster family and her temper is getting her nowhere good . This book tells us about her new life in the Foundling Hospital. - Enlightened Self-interest: The Foundling Hospital and Hogarth. exhibition catalogue, Thomas Coram Foundation for Children, London 1997. - The Foundling Museum Guide Book. The Foundling Museum, London 2004. - Gavin, Jamila . Coram Boy. London: Egmont/Mammoth, 2000: ISBN 1-4052-1282-9 (U.S. Edition: New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 2001: ISBN 0-374-31544-2) - Jocelyn, Marthe . A Home for Foundlings. Toronto: Tundra Books: 2005: ISBN 0-88776-709-5 - McClure, Ruth . Coram's Children: The London Foundling Hospital in the Eighteenth Century. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981: ISBN 0-300-02465-7 - Nichols, R.H. and F A. Wray. The History of the Foundling Hospital. (London: Oxford University Press, 1935). - Oliver, Christine and Peter Aggleton. Coram's Children: Growing Up in the Care of the Foundling Hospital: 1900-1955. London: Coram Family, 2000: ISBN 0-9536613-1-8 - Zunshine, Lisa. Bastards and Foundlings: Illegitimacy in Eighteenth Century England, Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2005: ISBN 0-8142-0995-5 - This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed. ). Cambridge University Press. - Child abandonment - List of demolished buildings and structures in London - List of organisations with a British royal charter - Thomas Coram Foundation for Children - Taylor White, a founding governor of the Foundling Hospital and its first Treasurer - "Ashlyns School, Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire". Ashlyns.herts. sch. uk. Retrieved 2012-05-19. - The Foundling Museum, Registered Charity no. 1071167 at the Charity Commission - Thomas Coram Foundation for Children (formerly Foundling Hospital), Registered Charity no. 312278 at the Charity Commission |Wikimedia Commons has media related to Foundling Hospital.|

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The word "Iowa" comes from the American Indian tribe of the same name. Iowa was part of the Louisiana Purchase, a deal arranged between President Thomas Jefferson and Napoleon Bonaparte of France that brought a vast tract of the continent under the control of the United States. The area was closed to white settlement until the early 1830s. Following the Black Hawk War - a conflict that ended in 1832 near present-day New Albin - the Sauk and Fox were forced to make their first land cessions west of the Mississippi. The United States government gave the Sauk and Fox a small amount of cash, 40 barrels of salt, 40 barrels of tobacco and some blacksmithing services in exchange for the fertile Mississippi Valley lands of modern-day eastern Iowa. The tribes were ordered out of the area a year later. Today, the Meskwaki Settlement is an area of land around Tama in central Iowa that's governed and owned communally by descendants of the two tribes. The area is not a reservation; the land was purchased back from the government in 1856. Early explorers included the famed Lewis and Clark. Sergeant Charles Floyd's was the only death during that historic journey. A monument stands in Sioux City near the spot where Floyd was buried. Steamboat paddle wheelers reigned supreme on the Mississippi and Missouri rivers in the 19th century. The steamboat Bertrand sank in the Missouri near what is today the town of Missouri Valley. Excavated in 1969, the cargo is now on display in a fascinating exhibit at the De Soto National Wildlife Preserve Visitors Center. After white settlement began with the Black Hawk Purchase, Iowa became part of Michigan Territory. When Michigan achieved statehood in 1836, Iowa then became a part of Wisconsin Territory. Finally, two years later, Iowa Territory was carved out of the area of Wisconsin Territory west of the Mississippi River. The first Iowa Territory legislature met in Burlington before a territorial capital city was finally selected in Johnson County. In Iowa City, the government seat was established in a grand structure known today as Old Capitol. Built in the early 1840s, Old Capitol served as the last capitol of Iowa Territory and the first capitol of the state. Under the 1857 Iowa constitution, the seat of state government was moved to Des Moines, a more central location. [Return to top]

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Your medical device benefits from cleanroom manufacturing and assembly The growing need for quality manufacturing processes drives the need for more medical devices to be produced in a clean and regulated environment. You need a reliable manufacturing partner that adheres to strict industry regulations. Manufacturers with certified cleanrooms and white rooms meet those demands. What is a Cleanroom? As medical device manufacturers, it is essential to have a space that is constantly working to remove foreign particles and contaminants from the air to ensure products are manufactured and assembled with the utmost quality. Cleanrooms aim to remove and limit airborne particles, such as dust, microbes, and other aerosols. Typical manufacturing spaces aren’t held to the same standards of cleanliness as cleanrooms. Cleanrooms have the advantage of environment control and enhanced manufacturing standards, which guarantee higher quality for your product. Cleanrooms have maximum concentration limits for particles of certain sizes. For example, an ISO Class 8 cleanroom can allow a maximum of 100,000 particles (≥0. 5 um) per cubic foot of air. You want to make sure to find the ISO Cleanroom Class that aligns with your part and budgetary requirements. Is a Cleanroom Right for My Project? Customers who typically need cleanrooms are producing products such as: - Medical devices 1. Medical devices Typical ISO Classes: Class 7 to 8 Cleanroom environments are common for manufacturing and assembling medical devices. The cleanroom standards ensure the part surface does not have particulate contamination. To guarantee this, cleanroom staff are required to wear gowns and coverings like hairnets, gloves and masks. Typical ISO Classes: Class 5 to 8 Similar to medical device cleanrooms, many pharmaceutical industry cleanrooms require ISO Class standards. If you’re concerned about particulate contamination, bacterial growth or cross contamination, cleanrooms can control factors like pressure, temperature, and humidity to prevent these issues. Typical ISO Classes: Class 5 to 8 If your biotechnology product involves handling fluids or other organic matter, cleanrooms keep out particulates that could contaminate test results or affect samples. Many customers that require packaging and assembling of medical devices will need a cleanroom with some sort of specific ISO classification. Conversely, some devices might not need a cleanroom, but still require a controlled environment that meets customer requirements for particle contamination. It is important to ask if the standards set by a cleanroom facility are necessary for your product. Cleanroom facilities might be essential for certain medical device, pharmaceutical, or biotech components. Contact one of our engineers to understand if you need a cleanroom for your product. How does Natech Ensure Quality and Cleanliness of Our Cleanroom? Foreign particulates can be brought into the space via anything transported into the room, including people. Natech keeps our ISO Class 8 Cleanroom up to standard with proper gowning and appropriate practices to keep out particulates. Team members are trained and guided by our quality department to make sure they develop and implement efficient processes and ensure requirements, specifications, and deadlines are met. Anyone who enters our cleanroom must perform proper preliminary practices. To enter, operators cannot wear any perfume, heavily scented products, or heavy makeup. Any outerwear like jackets, sweatshirts, snow boots, or gloves must be removed, to ensure foreign particulates don’t get in. This also involves properly gowning with approved hair covers, gowns, face masks, wearing shoe covers and using a sticky mat to remove extra particles, using safety glasses, and gloves before entering the cleanroom. Natech adheres to the ISO Class 8 Cleanroom standards. ISO standards provide guidance on how cleanrooms can operate and if it can remain certified. Because of this, our cleanroom guarantees a specific level of cleanliness in accordance with these standards and the probability of quality issues due to dirt or handling are much lower. For example, Natech has used our cleanroom space to manufacture and assemble IVD (in vitro diagnostic) devices. A cleanroom was necessary because particulate could affect the end use of the product. What Does Natech Offer? Natech offers quality, in-house production services that come from decades of experience working in medical device manufacturing. Our cleanroom can be used for the manufacture or assembly of many medical, pharmaceutical and biotech devices. Our cleanroom controls temperature, humidity, and air filtration to qualify it to be an ISO Class 8 Cleanroom. Our customers produce life-critical devices and have confidence in the quality of the designs and manufactured product they receive from Natech. If your product requires cleanroom manufacturing, Natech provides value-added services that will address your manufacturing, assembling, and packaging needs.

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Projet: Biogeography and Metapopulation Genetics of Understudied Hydrozoan Reef Foundation Species Millepora spp Zone d’Études: Indo-Pacific Résumé: The aim of this project is to provide information on key evolutionary and ecological processes of millepores, which will in turn help improving conservation strategies for these ecologically important reef builders. The project has three main objectives that consist in the assessment of: (1) the biodiversity and phylogenetic relationships of millepores, (2) connectivity and population size changes over evolutionary times, and (3) connectivity and effective population sizes on a demographic scale. Only an integrative approach will make possible the characterisation of the biodiversity and metapopulation dynamics of Indo-Pacific millepores. We chose to combine DNA barcoding, phylogeny, comparative phylogeography and population genetic approaches to reach a global picture covering both evolutionary and ecological relevant timescales, which is expected to give insight in both macro and micro-evolutionary processes that have shaped Millepora biodiversity over time. - International: Florida Museum Source de Financement: EU – Marie Curie Fellowship

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The word innovation derives from Latin's innovare and means to renew something. According to Wikipedia, an innovation is "a new idea, creative thoughts, new imaginations in form of device or method". What do we then mean when we talk about digital innovation? Two professors in the field – Jan Ljungberg and Rikard Lindgren, both at the Department of Applied IT – describe their research on the topic. Professor Jan Ljungberg: The digitalization of society creates new opportunities to innovate to solve major societal challenges, for example in health, healthcare and sustainable development. – Our research group is studying what digitalization of society does with the innovation processes. How new IT infrastructures create momentum and change in society, which means new opportunities, but also new questions to solve. Completely new actors contribute to innovation – The digitalization of society creates new opportunities to solve major societal challenges, for example in health care, sustainable development and the environmental field, to name a few. Digitalization means that the thresholds are lowered to participate and contribute to innovation, which means that new actors can participate, such as customers, patients, citizens or you as a private person. This means new opportunities to mobilise people's creativity and skills to develop both products and services, and to solve our societal challenges. What does digitalization mean to society in the long run? – What my colleagues and I are trying to understand is what digitalization means to society in the long run. It is about major changes, partly for the citizen as an individual, but also for many industries and for the institutions in society. – The fact that we are now talking more and more about digital agendas and digitalization rather than just about IT, is an expression of the fact that information technology and digitalization affect everyone. There is a tremendous potential to develop society, while at the same time means having to deal with the new challenges that are being created. Professor Rikard Lindgren: Digital technology means a leveraging tool and an opportunity to create dynamics. But it also causes identity problems - what expectations do we have? What happens to the value of invested knowledge and skills? – We are studying what happens when you digitalize something that was previously only physical, such as a car. If you equip a car with electronics, it can suddenly start communicating about its own state – signalling, receiving input and processing information, creating opportunities for new services and innovation. – When a product becomes smart and intelligent and gets the ability to handle and deliver information, it also becomes part of the interaction with the environment that was not possible before. The interaction results new demands on the partners in the industry who also have to start interacting in a completely new way. Changes in the balance of power and hierarchy in the industry – The automotive industry is an interesting example from a number of aspects, including the changes in the balance of power that arise from digitalization. When you bring your portable electronics to your car, it is also required to be compatible with the car's electronics, and forces the vehicle manufacturers to also turn their eyes outwards. – Previously, the car organization handled all parts of a car internally, but now that does no longer work. The digital components built into the car will be part of some kind of network logic, which results in a situation where a company such as Volvo Cars, which was previously very hierarchically structured, is now forced to interact with smaller companies who are really subordinate. They must open their innovation process to external partners and re-evaluate their relationships and power relations. And this is what happens in a wide range of other industries, the white goods industry, for example, and the music industry's great transformation through the digitalization of music. – The traditional logic, the ways in which we understand phenomena in society, is overturned by digitalization and in many ways it is a revolution. This applies to both business law, business models and financing solutions. All that looks established, profit-generating and reliable can be undermined very quickly due to digital innovation. The traditional service model does no longer apply. New demands also on authorities . . . and on everyone else – Everyone is forced to rethink. This also affects authorities and various public organizations that are forced to think about their identity and their relationship with their citizens. Authorities are often given new requirements that can be about creating more appropriate information and new services that are perceived as more valuable to the citizen. Citizens can now also co-create information in public services. This also means that where you earlier believed that you could guarantee quality and an output that has been through a process and quality assured, you have ended up in a situation where it no longer applies. And what do you do now with all routines and processes that you may have built and structured for the last 50 years? – And everything is still in its infancy! Digital technology means a leveraging tool and an opportunity to create dynamics. But it also presents identity problems – what expectations do we have? What happens to the value of invested knowledge and skills?

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This text presents the basis of atmospheric radiative transfer for graduate students, as well as for scientists or engineers who want to start work in this domain. It supposes that the reader has reached a general college level in mathematics and physics. The first part covers the theory of radiative energy transfer and is of interest for a larger audience than only the atmospheric scientists. After carefully defining the various quantities characterizing radiation energy and its interaction with matter, the equation of radiative transfer is established and the laws of blackbody emission reviewed. One chapter presents the detection of radiative energy. The next chapters review the problems of quantitative spectroscopy and the transfer of energy in an absorbing and emitting medium. Finally, the laws of scattering are presented and the transfer of radiation in a scattering medium, including polarization, is analyzed.

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Quercus fusiformis Small Escarpment live oak, Plateau live oak, Texas live oak, Scrub live oak, Hill country live oak, Plateau oak Fagaceae (Beech Family) Synonym(s): Quercus virginiana var. fusiformis USDA Symbol: QUFU Plateau oak or Escarpment live oak is a thicket-forming shrub or large, spreading tree that is nearly identical in appearance to, and considered much hardier than, Q. virginiana. A short, tapering trunk supports picturesquely gnarled branches and limbs that over time will spread horizontally a great distance from the main trunk. It can reach a height of 20-40 ft. Leaves are evergreen, firm textured, ovate to elliptic, 1 to 3 inches long; usually without lobes except on young plants and rootsprouts, then with pointed lobes. The leaves are generally slightly smaller than those of Q. virginiana. Acorns 3/4 to 1 inch long, rather elongate. Unlike Coastal live oak, acorns are spindle-shaped (fusiform), narrowed at the base. Ranging from the Glass Mountains and Arbuckle Mountains of southern Oklahoma south through the center of Texas to the mountains of Coahuila, Tamaulipas, and Nuevo Leon in Mexico, Quercus fusiformis is the common live oak used in landscaping and found in the wild in central Texas. It is more drought-tolerant and cold-hardy than Q. virginiana, which it is sometimes considered a variety of. Like Q. virginiana, its magnificent, stately form has endeared it to generations of residents and it remains popular to this day. Also like Q. virginiana, it is susceptible to live oak wilt and live oak decline when stressed by drought, so care must be taken to protect it from injury both aboveground and below ground to prevent infection. The largest known Texas live oak grows in Real County, Texas. From the Image Gallery Plant CharacteristicsDuration: Perennial Leaf Retention: Semi-evergreen Leaf Arrangement: Alternate Leaf Complexity: Simple Leaf Shape: Elliptic , Lanceolate , Ovate Leaf Venation: Pinnate Leaf Margin: Entire Leaf Apex: Acute , Obtuse Leaf Base: Cordate , Rounded , Truncate Leaf Texture: Leathery Breeding System: Flowers Unisexual , Monoecious Fruit Type: Nut Size Notes: 20-40 ft tall Leaf: Upper surface a glossy light to dark green, grayish- green beneath with dense pubescent bloom that rubs off. Flower: Flowers 2-3 inches long Fruit: Acorns annual; peduncle 1⁄8 - 11⁄8 inches (3 - 29 mm) supporting 1 - 5 nuts, cup has narrow base, light gray scales with reddish-tips may be smooth or pubescent encloses 1⁄4 - 1⁄2 of nut; dark brown, narrow and oblong nut with light brown stripes, 5⁄8 - 1 inch (16 - 25 mm) long. Size Class: 12-36 ft. , 36-72 ft. Bloom InformationBloom Color: Yellow Bloom Time: Mar , Apr , May DistributionUSA: OK , TX Native Distribution: Limited to southern Oklahoma, Texas between the Brazos and Pecos rivers, and the mountains of northeastern Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas). Native Habitat: Savannahs, rocky hills, & uplands with limestone or calcareous loam soils. Growing ConditionsWater Use: Low Light Requirement: Sun , Part Shade Soil Moisture: Dry Drought Tolerance: High Cold Tolerant: yes Heat Tolerant: yes Soil Description: Rocky, sandy, clay, or loam soils, usually calcareous, including caliche, but also in slightly acidic sands Conditions Comments: Those from southern Oklahoma are the most cold-hardy, surviving temperatures as low as -20 degrees F. BenefitUse Ornamental: Shade tree, Attractive Use Wildlife: It provides cover and nesting sites for birds and small mammals. Its acorns feed birds and mammals. Conspicuous Flowers: yes Interesting Foliage: yes Attracts: Birds , Butterflies Larval Host: Hairstreak, Horaces Duskywing Butterflies and Moths of North America (BAMONA)Quercus fusiformis is a larval host and/or nectar source for: Larval HostLearn more at BAMONA PropagationPropagation Material: Seeds Description: Oaks are most often propagated from seed. No pretreatment is necessary. Plant immediately – outdoors or in deep containers to accommodate long initial taproot. Protect outdoor beds with wire mesh to deter rodent predation. Seed Collection: Best quality acorns are picked or shaken from the tree. Collect when color has changed to brown. Best if sown immediately as acorns lose viability quickly in storage. Seed Treatment: Short-term storage in moist, shaded saw dust or sand. Acorns to be sown immediately can be soaked in hot water for 15 min. to prevent weevil infestation. Stored seed should be fumigated with methyl bromide. Commercially Avail: yes Maintenance: Susceptible to oak wilt, so check regularly for injury to trunk and branches and treat injured areas immediately to prevent infection. Mr. Smarty Plants says Native trees for cemetery plot in Karnes County, TX April 08, 2007 I'm looking for a tree for a cemetery plot in Karnes County at Pana Maria. There will be someone to regularly water it. I understand live oak and pecan are native to the area. I assume these would. . . view the full question and answer Invasive, non-native Paulownia May 03, 2006 Hi. We would like to plant a fast growing tree that will provide shade for our house. What do you think of the Paulownia tree (Empress Tree) as a possibility for the Austin area? If this is not a g. . . view the full question and answer From the National Suppliers DirectoryAccording to the inventory provided by Associate Suppliers, this plant is available at the following locations: Wrights Nursery - Briggs, TX From the National Organizations DirectoryAccording to the species list provided by Affiliate Organizations, this plant is on display at the following locations: Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - Austin, TX Sibley Nature Center - Midland, TX Brackenridge Field Laboratory - Austin, TX Patsy Glenn Refuge - Wimberley, TX Native Plant Society of Texas - Fredericksburg, TX Nueces River Authority - Uvalde, TX Texas Parks and Wildlife Department - Austin, TX NPSOT - Fredericksburg Chapter - Fredericksburg, TX NPSOT - Austin Chapter - Austin, TX National Butterfly Center - Mission, TX Jacob's Well Natural Area - Wimberley, TX BibliographyBibref 766 - Dale Groom's Texas Gardening Guide (2002) Groom, D. Bibref 1186 - Field Guide to Moths of Eastern North America (2005) Covell, C.V., Jr. Bibref 1134 - Field Guide to Native Oak Species of Eastern North America (2003) Stein, John D. and Denise Binion Bibref 1185 - Field Guide to Western Butterflies (Peterson Field Guides) (1999) Opler, P.A. and A.B. Wright Bibref 946 - Gardening with Prairie Plants: How to Create Beautiful Native Landscapes (2002) Wasowski, Sally Bibref 481 - How to Grow Native Plants of Texas and the Southwest: Revised and Updated Edition (2001) Nokes, J. Bibref 355 - Landscaping with Native Plants of Texas and the Southwest (1991) Miller, G. O. Bibref 354 - Native & Naturalized Woody Plants of Austin & the Hill Country (1981) Lynch, D. Bibref 318 - Native Texas Plants: Landscaping Region by Region (2002) Wasowski, S. & A. Wasowski Bibref 281 - Shinners & Mahler's Illustrated Flora of North Central Texas (1999) Diggs, G. M.; B. L. Lipscomb; B. O'Kennon; W. F.. . Bibref 291 - Texas Wildscapes: Gardening for Wildlife (1999) Damude, N. & K.C. Bender Bibref 297 - Trees of Central Texas (1984) Vines, Robert A. Search More Titles in Bibliography From the ArchiveWildflower Newsletter 1988 VOL. 5, NO. 4 - Controlling Oak Wilt, Jubilee Celebration Expands Endowment, Director\'s Report.. . Wildflower Newsletter 1993 VOL. 10, NO. 6 - Saving Trees and Plants at New Center Site a Big Job, Director's Report, Wildflo.. . Additional resourcesUSDA: Find Quercus fusiformis in USDA Plants FNA: Find Quercus fusiformis in the Flora of North America (if available) Google: Search Google for Quercus fusiformis MetadataRecord Modified: 2011-09-25 Research By: TWC Staff, GDG

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Embassies A - K Embassies L - Z The current form of the constitution of the Federal State of Berlin was put into place in 1950 in former allied-controlled West Berlin. It was applied to re-unified Berlin starting January 1991. A commission was established in September 1991 under article 88 of the Constitution to review and revise the Constitution and draft a parliamentary reform. On 18 May 1994, the commission reported its results to the city parliament, which approved a revised draft on 22 June 1995. A referendum during city and district elections on 22 October 1995 produced an overwhelming endorsement of the revised draft, with 75. 1% in favour and 24. 9% against. Significant amendments include: a commitment to protecting marriage, families, and unmarried partnerships, women's equality, and the environment, as well as new provisions for referenda, and that house committee meetings will be open to the public. The Berlin House of Representatives , has 169 representatives, who are elected for a term of four years. The House is currently in the 14th election period. The House elects the Mayor of Berlin and with the Mayor elects the 8 Senators. Only the House has the authority to dismiss a Senator. The House also controls the budget for the State of Berlin. Senators are responsible for their respective departments. Policy disputes between Senators and the Mayor are decided by the body of Senators.

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Kingdom: Animalia (Animals) Trumpetfish range from 0. 6 to 1. 0 meters in length. They have long thin bodies and get their names from their trumpet-shaped mouth. They are capable of changing color and can have brown, blue or yellow coloration. They have a prominent barbel at the tip of their lower jaw. They are found in the Western Atlantic from southern Florida, USA and Bermuda to northern South America and throughout the Caribbean Sea, east to St. Paul's Rocks. Trumpetfish are carnivores that feed on fish and crustaceans. They are ambush predators so they rely on camouflage and stealth to allow them to get close to potential prey. They often assume a head down position among the branches of soft rods or sea whips and their bodies sway back and forth in the current with the flexible branches in an attempt to hide from their prey. This vertical posture allows them to blend in with sea pens, sea rods and pipe sponges, providing useful camoulflage. Trumpetfish capture their prey by quickly opening their large mouth to create suction that pulls in their prey. Because they are capable of opening their mouths as wide as the diameter of their bodies, they are capable of capturing large prey. Because this species is designed to be an ambush predator, trumpetfish typically hunt by themselves. They may, however, join forces with members of different fish species in an attempt to capture prey. Trumpetfish sometimes join eels in nuclear hunting, a strategy in which the eel hunts for prey inside of the reef while the trumpetfish hunts above the reef. The eel benefits from this partnership because it is able to capture prey that were unable to flee because of the presence of the trumpetfish and the trumpetfish benefit from capturing prey chased from the protection of the reef by the eel. Trumpetfish occasionally attempt to conceal themselves by using an interesting behavior known as shadowing in which a trumpetfish swims immediately above another large fish such as a parrotfish in an attempt to hide from their prey. Interestingly, trumpetfish of different color morphs appear to shadow fish of similar colors. Relatively little is known about reproduction in trumpetfish. They are thought to produce pelagic eggs which result in pelagic larvae; those larvae ultimately settle on the reef upper surface. Trumpetfish may occasionally hunt with eels (nuclear hunting) or shadow large fishes while feeding. The trumpetfish is not considered to be a species at risk. References and Further Reading - Encyclopedia of Life. 2011. Aulostomus maculatus Valenciennes, 1841 - Marinebio. 2011. Aulostomus maculatus Trumpetfish - Jan Rong-Quen. 2000. Resource limitation underlying reproductive strategies of coral reef fishes: a hypothesis . Zoological Studies 38: 266-274. Humann, P. and N. Deloach (Editor), 1994. Reef Fish Identification: Florida, Caribbean, Bahamas. New World Publications, Inc. Jacksonville, FL. ISBN: 1878348078 - N.Deloach. 1999. Reef Fish Behavior, Florida, Caribbean, Bahamas. New World Publications, Inc. Jacksonville, FL. ISBN: 1878348280

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Adverbs are words that modify (describe) a verb (he sings loudly), an adjective (extremely tall), another adverb (ended too fast), or even a whole phrase (fortunately, I had brought an umbrella). Adverbs frequently end in-ly, while others (such as quick) have the same appearance as their adjective equivalents. Not all adjectives can be turned into adverbs, however; for example, only strong verbs can be made adverbs. Some examples of adverbs are very carefully, already quite early, somewhat shyly. Adverbs can also be called "modifiers". They can often be found at the end of sentences, either together with other modifiers or by themselves. For example, we can say I like my job extremely well but not so much my employer. In this case, extremely is a modifer of well and not so is a modifier of my employer. Finally, adverbs can also be called "auxiliary verbs" because they help to form other verbs, usually in yes/no questions. For example, if I ask you whether my job is interesting, then interesting is an auxiliary verb because it helps to form the question Yes/No? Which is then answered with another verb, i. e. Is my job interesting? Many more words can be used as adverbs including always, also, again, completely, definitively, sufficiently, totally, and without doubt. An adverb is a portion of speech that describes a verb, adjective, another adverb, a phrase, a clause, or a sentence in greater detail. A effective approach to spot an adverb in a phrase is to check for words that finish in "ly. " Adverbs are intensifiers that can also take the form of adverb phrases. For example, "frantically," "aggressively," and "rapidly" are all adverbs. Adverbs can be classified as primary or secondary. Primary adverbs describe basic actions such as "quickly," "slowly," and "frequently. " Secondary adverbs add additional information about the action described by the main word, such as "deeply," "completely," and "inferiorly. " Using appropriate adverbs can make what you say more precise and clear. Adverbs are words that modify or characterize a verb, adjective, or another adverb. Adverbs supplement the content of a sentence. They can also add information about the way in which the act is done. The different types of adverbs are: positive, negative, comparative, superlative. Positive adverbs describe an action performed well or fully. These words are used to indicate that something good happened or will happen. They usually come at the beginning of a sentence and tell us how quickly it happened or how long it lasted. Some examples of positive adverbs are well, easily, quickly, already, and soon. Negative adverbs show that something bad happened or will happen. These words are used to indicate that something bad happened or will happen. They usually come at the beginning of a sentence and tell us how badly it hurts, stresses, or inconveniences someone/something. Some examples of negative adverbs are badly, difficultly, slowly, sometimes, and seldom. Comparative adverbs show a relationship between two things or actions. They often follow a word that ends in "ly" such as quickly, lightly, softly, and rarely. When comparing two things, individuals use these words to say which one is better or more effective. In contrast, an adverb modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Adverbs frequently finish in "-ly," as in "happily" and "heartily. " Squiggly smiled as he posed for the photographers. Aardvark hoped fervently that he would receive his moment in the spotlight. He quickly realized that praying does not make things happen more quickly on television; it is merely a waste of time. Adverbs are words that describe other words. They can be divided into five groups: conjunctions, prepositions, particles, and adjectives. Conjunctions join sentences together and usually start them too. Prepositions place words or phrases in relation to each other. Particles are insignificant words such as a, an, the, but, or so. Adjectives modify nouns and pronouns and can also be used to change the meaning of a word (e. g., good -> better, fast -> faster). The most common adverbs are happily, unfortunately, fortunately, unfortunately, and sometimes. Happy rarely appears by itself; it usually follows a noun or a pronoun. Adverbs are just words that describe a verb (an action or a doing word). The adverb "quickly" describes how he ate (the verb) his breakfast. The short answer is that an adverb is any word that adds detail to your story. There are four types of adverbs: positive, negative, comparative, and superlative. Positive adverbs tell us what happens after the action of the verb. For example, "quickly" is a positive adverb because it tells us that he ate his breakfast quickly. Negative adverbs tell us what does not happen after the action of the verb. For example, "never" is a negative adverb because it tells us that he never eats quickly. Comparative adverbs give information about two things simultaneously. They tell us how one thing is better than another or they can simply say that one thing is more than another. For example, "faster" is a comparative adverb because it tells us that something is faster than another thing. Superlative adverbs show us the most important or highest degree of something. "Very" is a superlative adverb because it tells us that something was very tasty. Adverbs can be used in sentences to make them sound more professional or interesting.

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Worldwatch Paper #134: Getting the Signals Right: Tax Reform to Protect the Environment and the Economy David Malin Roodman Progress on major environmental issues, such as global warming, will be nearly impossible until the world's governments begin to tax activities that cause the problems. Today, environmental harm often seems free even though it imposes real costs on this and future generations. Environmental taxes pass these hidden costs back to the people who cause them. And unlike most regulations, which set minimum standards, they create a steady prod for the development of environmentally sound technologies and products. Fully exploited, such taxes could also raise a trillion dollars or more a year in coming decades, allowing for an approximately 20 percent cut in conventional taxes on work and investment. Since total taxation could stay the same, governments would be protecting the environment without hurting economies even in the short term. Indeed, properly targeted, the tax cuts could reduce problems such as high unemployment and falling wages. Turning environmental tax theory into practice, however, raises a host of policy and political issues. Supporters of change will need to think about effects on everyone from pensioners with already-high heating bills to workers and investors in the coal industry. Fortunately, environmental tax shifting creates more winners than losers, since every cut in one person's taxes is a rise in someone's else's, and everyone gains from a healthier environment. The challenge is to educate the public and build effective political coalitions among potential winners.

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The Garden of Eden was beautiful, filling the senses, nourishing the appetite. Yet this paradise was a very dangerous place. In the center of the Garden was a deadly tree. And one of its occupants was a liar and a murderer. That’s where God placed Adam. That’s where he created Eve. In a garden of decision. But wait! Jesus was also in a garden of decision, contemplating a deadly tree, facing a mob led by the same liar and murderer. That’s where the Father placed his Son. In the Garden of Gethsemane. Eden and Gethsemane – Gardens of Decision. Which decision came first? The ruinous one in Eden? The saving one in Gethsemane? We read that grace, God’s gift of eternal life to sinners, was promised and given before the beginning of time. We read that Jesus, the lamb, was slain for sin from the creation of the world. It’s clear. God’s decision came first. The cross precedes creation, the cross and death being the warp and weft of the Garden of Eden, death becoming personal when Adam sinned. We are shocked that this is so. Shocked that death sustains life, physical and spiritual. Shocked that nature red in tooth and claw depicts the necessity of the cross. Shocked that a very good creation had death woven into its fabric and a murderer at its epicenter, shaking humanity with his lie. Shocked that Adam and Eve believed the lie, thinking they could disobey God with impunity. But wait! We too live in a garden of decision. That’s where God has placed us. Creation is beautiful, filling our senses, nourishing our appetite. Yet it is a dangerous place. The murderer still spreads his lie, that disobeying God is no big deal. Do we, too, believe the lie? Do we believe that we can escape the consequences of sin apart from God’s grace and Christ’s redemptive act on the cross? From the musical The Majesty of the Maker! this video is scrolling playback of the song. You can get print (PDF) and/or digital (MusicXML™) sheet music for Garden of Decision. |Click here for print sheet music (lead sheet format). | (MusicXML™ is the standard open format for sharing digital sheet music. Check the help files in your music notation app for directions on importing MusicXML™ files. ) Would a loving God have made a better home for us, one without trouble and tragedy? Click here for Why the Universe Is the Way It Is.

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Summer 2 Week 1 - 1/6/20 This week, we are carrying on with our Minecraft/Roblox/Imaginary world work. I would like you to plan and write a story involving the characters and world you have created. Think about the following: no more than 2 characters. What happens in their story - do they set off on a journey and get lost. . . find themselves in danger/get trapped somewhere/or are attacked. Think back to our work about the Stone Age. It can have a similar theme. Don't over complicate it. They set off somewhere to do something and something happens to them. The usual things need to be in your writing: Prepositions.. . . noun phrases to describe your character and settings. . . Different conjunctions including using them for openers e. g. When.. . As.. . Since.. . Although.. . If.. . . Can't wait to read them. Also, send me some more ideas what we can write about next. . . . Sci-fi. . . Wizards.. . Dragons.. . ? ? ? What do you want to write about? Week Monday 18th May Grammar Work - You can complete a couple of activities. . . or all of them. The idea is you practise the work we began last week about the Perfect Tense. Minecraft Task Week Two We are going to write instructions for building something in your world. It can be the house…a shed…a school…a ride…a tree anything you want. Things I would like to see in your writing (the usual list as always! ! ! You must know it off-by-heart now). For the next couple of weeks, we are going to create some writing centred around Minecraft OR Roblox. For this week, I want you to create a place to live: e. g. a house, a farm, a school. If you don’t play either of these games, then create your own house, in your own imagined land. Here are some ideas: Conjunction and Preposition Starters - Once inside…Once upstairs…When you enter…Inside the…As you walk into…Upstairs…When you climb the stairs made of…. After that…. Then…. In the flower-filled garden…. At the end of the…Near the… Prepositions – in, on , beside, between, next to, in-front, at the end, etc Adverb Starters – Amazingly, Surprisingly, Carefully, With great care, Slowly, Firstly, etc Grammar Work for 11/5/20 This week we are going to learn something new. It is called the Perfect Tense. We will start with the first type which is the Present Perfect Tense. It sounds hard, but it really isn’t – I promise. Lots of you use it all the time but just don’t know it. As this is new learning, and the last thing we have to learn in grammar, in Year 3, just have a go. We will make this a focus for the next few weeks. So…. No panicking…no stressing…and no giving parents a hard time! If you are struggling, email me and I will help. I want you to create some way of sharing information about your favourite animal. It can be a dog, like on the video, cat, rabbit. . . . whatever you want. You can create: a leaflet; powerpoint; recorded video; poster. . . . as long as it has some kind of research about the animal and I can see how you have thought about your writing. As always, include: a range of openers; conjunctions, noun phrases to describe and prepositions. Below are some templates to help you think about what you will research and write about. Looking forward to seeing your writing. This week's grammar work is also below. The answers are at the bottom of the sheet - no peeking! ! ! Summer Week 2 - Frogs, Frogs.. . . Ribbit.. . . Ribbit. We are continuing our theme from The Twits by creating some writing about Frogs. Have a look at the following Powerpoint about Frogs. Can you: 1. Carry out your own research about frogs - habitat. . . breeding. . . their young. . . different species and where they are found. . . interesting facts etc. 2. Make sure you include good openers and also the subordinate conjunctions you have completed in your grammar work below. 3. You can create a Powerpoint and send it. . . . a poster or information. . . . or an actual non-chronological report. It is up to you. After reading about the superhero, Captain Apparatus, you will now become a superhero yourself! ! ! ! ! Read on. . . . if you are brave enough? ? ? I have written this activity so it links with the Non-Chronological Reports we were writing before we finished. You can steal lots of ideas from there. Remember fantastic handwriting and full, detailed sentences with CL and FS! On the sheet, there is also some information about Italy and a short comprehension to get you starter. I can't wait to see pictures of your work! Enjoy! ! !

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Vulnerability Assessment Tool The people who use our shelters are among the poorest and most vulnerable members of our community. Many cope with one or more major disability or life problem that contribute to their becoming or remaining homeless. Among these, mental illness and substance use disorders, and physical or developmental disabilities are the most common. Traditionally, community shelters have provided beds on a first-come, first-serve basis. As a result, those clients who are the lowest functioning and least able to assert themselves and are often left out in the cold. In order to follow our mission and serve those most in need, DESC staff have created a Vulnerability Assessment Tool – an instrument designed to help staff determine who is most likely to be taken advantage of or harmed on the streets. In this way, those individuals who are most in need, are served first at DESC. The DESC Vulnerability Assessment Tool (VAT) allows staff to distinguish more objectively the relative vulnerability of the homeless adults who come to our shelters or whom we otherwise encounter in the community through outreach or referrals. This tool, which has gone through rigorous study and several modifications is comprised of a set of scales, each rating the individual’s level of functioning, health, and other specific characteristics relevant to their personal health and safety. The tool was first put to use in the DESC main shelter program in 2003 as a way to determine who among the many would receive one of the limited beds available each night. By identifying a vulnerability rating for each client, staff were able to assign beds to those individuals who were most at risk of being victimized or injured, of harming themselves, of coming to harm simply because they could not take care of their basic needs, or of being unable to make progress without substantial support. Following the VAT’s success in the shelter program, the Vulnerability Assessment Tool was implemented in the DESC supportive housing program to better allocate our limited housing resources to those clients with the greatest need. In March of 2010, the University of Washington concluded a research evaluation of DESC’s Vulnerability Assessment Tool and concluded that it held strong properties of both reliability and validity. In 2015, a new evaluation by the Canadian Housing First Assessment Taskforce, a taskforce created by the Canadian Observatory on Homelessness, determined DESC’s Vulnerability Assessment Tool to be the best brief screening tool available to facilitate the screening and prioritization of homeless individuals into Housing First services. For more information about that study, click here. At this time, DESC’s Vulnerability Assessment Tool has become widely recognized by other homeless service providers regionally and nationally, as a viable instrument for determining placement of chronically homeless people into supportive housing. DESC offers training in the use of the VAT to other public and private homeless service agencies. The training includes a detailed manual and interview script. If you need further information regarding DESC’s Vulnerability Assessment Tool, please contact email@example. com.

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When we talk to investors, one of their first questions is, “How do we make money in restoration? ” The question inspired us to make this infographic, which shows the major revenue streams from restored land: Wood: Larger trees are often used for timber in construction, while smaller trees are used for pulp and paper. Parts of trees such as branches are consumed as fuelwood to produce energy Non-wood forest products: This is a growing category that includes all forest products that are not wood, such as fruits, cacao, nuts, feed for animals, essential oils, etc. Crops and livestock: Restoring degraded agricultural land improves its productivity, enhancing crop yields and sustaining livestock Tourism: A beautiful landscape creates lucrative opportunities for nature and wildlife tourism and has a multiplier effect on the local economy These four markets are shown in the infographic. Also, new markets are developing rapidly for the many services that restored landscapes provide, such as carbon storage and improved water quality. To learn more about why restoration is an attractive investment opportunity, please contact the New Restoration Economy at NRE@wri. org.

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Knowing the facts is important in general, but especially when it pertains to your health. We've all heard at least some of the following statements about eye sight, like wearing the wrong glasses can harm your eyesight or reading small print can damage your eyes. But what's really true? Here are five common myths about vision, according to Prevent Blindness: Myth: Failure to use proper glasses will hurt your eyes. Fact: This statement does have some truth in it for a small number of people. Some children have eye problems that can be corrected, and it is important that they wear their glasses. While corrective glasses or contacts are needed to improve eyesight, using your eyes with or without glasses will not damage your vision further. Myth: Reading in dim light can damage your eyes. Fact: Reading in dim light can cause eye strain, but it will not hurt your eyes permanently. Myth: Watching television for too long or sitting too close can damage your eyes. Fact: There is no evidence to suggest that watching television for too long or sitting too close can damage your eyes. To detect possible eye problems, children should have regular eye exams. Myth: Eating carrots will improve your vision. Fact: While it is true that carrots, as well as many other vegetables are rich in vitamin A, which is an essential vitamin for sight, only a small amount is necessary for good vision. A well-balanced diet, with or without carrots, provides all the nutrients the body needs. Myth: Reading fine print for too long will wear out or damage your eyes. Fact: This is one of the most widely held myths about vision. Some people are concerned that they should not read too much because it will wear out their eyes. Although extensive or prolonged reading of fine print can cause eye strain, there is no evidence to suggest that it will damage or wear out your eyes.

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The Central Vermont Region currently lacks the processing capacity to transform livestock into dinners and to put seasonal produce into a form that can be enjoyed year round. And while we have the distribution capacity, much of the distribution system is set up for a national scale, rather than a regional or local one — to bring tomatoes thousands of miles to New England stores. The reality is that national distributors deal in such volume and efficiency that they can still keep a small carbon footprint — and that fresh, juicy, succulent local tomatoes may have a larger footprint if they are driven in small loads in many different trucks to the same farmers market. What’s needed is a local and regional distribution network that combines the logistical efficiency of the national system with the sustainable production and high product quality of the local system. Thus is a process that the Farm to Plate Strategic Working groups are examining at the state-level. At the broader level, the University of Wisconsin’s Agricultural Innovation Center and the Center for Integrated Agricultural Systems (CIAS) researched distribution models for local food across the United States in 2009. Although their research is now somewhat dated, they found that entrepreneurs, cooperatives and nonprofits are filling an important missing link in local food systems: aggregating food from local farms and distributing it to stores, restaurants, eaters and other retailers and end users. CIAS created a map of some of these distribution models. There are a variety of distribution companies that operate and transport products in and through Central Vermont, but there are only a few that specialize in moving small volumes of local, farm-fresh products. CVRPC is in the process of mapping the known distributors based on data collected in-house and the Vermont Farm to Plate (F2P) data. - Municipal Energy Planning - Regional Energy Planning - Regional Planning - Municipal Planning - GIS Mapping - Hazard Mitigation Planning - Local Food Systems - Forest Integrity & Forest Stewardship

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Hannah was a woman in the Bible who trusted God, but she did not have children. Hannah prayed every year with her husband at a place called Shiloh. She prayed to God to bless her with a child (Esler, 2006). Hanna was Elkana’s wife, and she is the mother of Samuel from the Bible. According to Hebrew, the word has interpretations including the meaning of beauty and passion. In the biblical version, Hannah is the other wife of Elkana. The other wife, Peninnah, bore children to Elkana, but Hanna did not have any children. First-Class Online Research Paper Writing Service - Your research paper is written by a PhD professor - Your requirements and targets are always met - You are able to control the progress of your writing assignment - You get a chance to become an excellent student! One day, Hanna went to the Lord in the prayer to give her a child in a temple. While praying Eli, the priest sat on a chair near the doorsteps of the church. In her prayer, Hannah asked God for a child, a son. In return, she vowed to God that, if he gave her a son, she would give back the child to God to serve him. She made a promise to God that, if he gave her a son, he would remain a Nazarite and would serve the Shiloh priests in the temple. While she was praying, Eli thought that she was drunk, and he started to question her. When she explained what she was asking from God, Eli brushed her away telling her that her prayers will get answers and that the desires of her heart granted. As promised, Hannah conceived and gave birth to a baby boy called Samuel, since she asked the Lord of him. She raised him well, and after weaning the baby, Hannah brought her to the temple with a sacrifice. She composed the praise songs for the Lord for answering her prayers. Eli announced other blessings to Hannah, and she bore other children; three sons and two daughters. When Samuel grew up, Hannah took her to the temple. She could have chosen not to take her baby to the temple. Her choice indicated her extraordinary devotion to God. In the Bible, Hannah represents the self-sacrifice done in pure faith. Children showed dedication to the temple even after weaning. This was probably because of the high mortality rates. After weaning her baby, Hannah took him to the temple, when he was around three years old. She served her promise by bringing a child to serve the Lord. In theBible, the quality of a person’s sacrifice reflects the quality of faith. In the Old Testament, only perfect animals without blemish were the best for sacrifice. Hannah had a raw deal in life. She was childless in a society, where the lack of children was a sign of failure. It is extremely painful, when the longing of the heart faces denial, and it can cause a lot of despair. Instead of allowing the pain in her heart to cause bitterness, Hanna used the pain in her heart to pray to God for a child. It is remarkably clear that Hanna developed an intimate relationship with the God of Israel, than even the way the priest Eli had with God. It is particularly ironical that Eli was a priest, and even when God spoke, he did not hear anything. Hanna, who was a childless woman, conversed freely with God (Hall, 2000). It is clear that God blesses the most unfortunate in the society with the graces of his unending blessings. The perception that in the Old Testament God did not treat women fairly is not true. This is clear in the different instances, where God blessed the women in the Bible. Hanna is an example of God’s blessings. Esther was also an example of of God’s blessings. Sara, who was childless for many years, finally conceived a child in her old age. After Hanna had an encounter with God, she felt that her condition had changed even before she had the baby. She continued living a normal life, as she trusted God for her promise (Wright, & Curreli, 2004). This is proving that contentment comes in life with believing in Gods providence, and finding the rest in him. From Hanna’s case, it is clear that contentment comes before possession. How Hanna Will Fit Into the World of Today In the current world, Hanna would be a perfect example of an outcast woman in the community. Most of the communities consider childlessness as an evil in the society. Hanna’s answered prayers are a perfect symbol of the act of faith. Hanna would have been an exemplary woman, as most of the women today would find it difficcult to keep the promises they make to God. Some even end up forgetting the promises they make soon after they receive their blessings. An excellent example is that most of the mothers know that a time will come when they will part with their children. Most of the mothers find it hard to let go of their children. Therefore, they may interfere on children's lives to the extent of becoming nuisance. Women of today should emulate Hanna, and when children come of age, they should let them go ahead and serve him as required (Patterson, 2005). Hanna took her son to the temple to offer him to God, an act most women today should follow as an example. When their children come of age, they should let the go ahead to serve their own destinies. God used Hanna to show that it is possible to give back children to God, as all the children are God’s perfect gift. For some parents, it is not easy to let go of their children. God gave parents, especially mothers, the grace to take care of their children from time of birth, and later release them to the world for them to face life on their own. Hanna gives glory to God for the gift of the baby. She had a fulfilling life. Since God's blessings do not come instantly in life, Hannah's life was not doomed, but a show of patience. People living in the contemporary world should understand from Hanna’s story that God makes people wait for some things, so that he can use it to bless them. In conclusion, Hanna possesses a lot of faith, as portrayed in the Bible. She trusted God for a son, and God in return blessed her with a child. Like each of the other people recorded in the Bible, she was an exemplary woman. In the current world, there are several 'Hannahs', whose desires and prayers remain unfulfilled. This should act as an encouragement for all of them. The prayer of Hanna paid the price for the anointing of Samuel, as a prophet in Israel. Christians should believe that Hanna was an ordinary woman just like anyone else, and her trust and humble prayer worked miracles, as accepted in the sight of the Lord. Samuel prospered as a Judge and with his prophecy in Israel.

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Sometimes when I'm speaking in English, I find myself stuck, trying to say something that could be easily explained using an Spanish idiomatic phrase. I think that is why so many of us bilingual people love that we can go back and forth with people who understand both languages. You can pick and choose the best of each to communicate. Unfortunately, that creates a hybrid language that is not neither correct nor easily understood. Read on to find out which Spanish phrases we wish could be translated into English! Read more ¿Qué más? : 15 Latin songs that will put a smile on your face every time (VIDEO) 1. Lo que no mata engorda: Literally means: "What doesn't kill you makes you fat. " It's a looser version of the five-second rule. It can also be applied when you eat something you're not sure of what it is. I just love it. 2. Aunque la mona se vista de seda, mona se queda: Literally means: "The monkey may be dressed in silk, but it's still a monkey. " It's a funny and sometimes demeaning way to say that nobody can really change. I just love to imagine a dressed up girl monkey. 3. Se le subieron los humos a la cabeza: Literally means: "The smoke went to her head. " It's said of arrogant people who think they are better than anybody else. I don't know exactly the origin, but maybe it is that the smokes confuses people. What do you think? 4. Andarse por las ramas: Literally means: "Going around the tree branches. " When somebody is avoiding being direct and is just beating around the bush, basically. 5. Hierba mala nunca muere: Literally means: "Weeds never die. " You can use this expression to refer to yourself when you are about to do something crazy or dangerous, or, more commonly, speaking about someone who is not a good person and just seems to get away with everything. It just makes sense. Is there anything harder to kill than a weed? 6. Meter gato por liebre: Litearly means: "To give out a cat instead of a hare. " To cheat somebody pretending to give out something better than reality; also to lie. 7. Camarón que se duerme se lo lleva la corriente: Literally means: "The tide washes away sleeping shrimp. " Isn't this one hilarious? It means that things will go wrong when you aren't fully alert. So true! 8. Pedir peras al olmo: Literally means: "Asking an elm tree for pears. " You are basically asking for the impossible. 9. Por si las moscas: Literally means: "Just in case there are flies. " It's a simple just in case, but I love the image, how you protect things in case there are insects. 10. Un clavo saca otro clavo: Literally means: "One nail takes out another nail. " This very cryptic phrase is used to talk about heartbreak. It means that a new love will make you forget the old one. Not very romantic, but usually true! Image via Thinkstock

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STEP 1: Start with Strategies to Create a Mental Hook Why use strategies (like Rule, Trick, Chant, and Connection™) to teach Math facts rather than just having students memorize in a traditional rote manner? The Factivation! ® strategies utilize existing schema. They apply meaning to each fact, thereby increasing a students’ ability to recall the product. “A schema is composed of organized personal background knowledge, and it acts as a filing system that has been set up to organize past experiences and interpret future experiences…Think of this background information as a hook on which to hang new information or a file folder into which new information can be integrated. ” How to Teach Balanced Reading and Writing, Bonnie Burns, 2006. The purpose of the strategies is to quickly familiarize students with each fact group and to provide a system of support, allowing students to accurately reach the correct product, even in the initial stages of learning. The strategies also provide a means of self-checking as students are transitioning into fact fluency. A student may look at 4×6, for example, and think “24”. He/she can check for accuracy by applying the Half-Whole Multiplication trick. Successful fact instruction emphasizes operational understanding and accuracy first, then fluency. Note: Activities that develop a thorough understanding of the concept of Multiplication should be an integral part of fact instruction for younger learners who have not yet established this foundational understanding. >>More Sample Concept Building Activities: STEP 2: Move Beyond the Strategies & Build Accuracy Here are some practical suggestions for moving beyond the strategies (initial learning) and into accuracy with Multiplication facts. Class Attention Getters- Create Chant/Fact Associations The facts in the Chant group (Lessons 6, 7, 8) have typically been the more difficult facts when it comes to mastery: 7×3, 8×4, and 7×8 are but a few included in this group. However, the Chant strategy helps students apply meaning to these facts, making for much easier recall than learning the products by rote memorization. The Multiplication facts covered in Lesson 6, for example, are 7×6, 3×4, and 7×8. The commutative property is reinforced throughout this and all lessons, so students are also learning 6×7, 4×3, and 8×7. For students to see 6×7 and have immediate recall of the product, 42, an association must have been made between the chant and the fact in isolation. The best way to create this association is to present a visual representation of the fact while the chant is recited aloud. Teachers are encouraged to use the Factivation chants as their daily class-attention getters. The method described below, coupled with multiple viewings of the Factivation videos, will help create the necessary associations between the chants and their corresponding facts. Introducing the Multiplication Chants During the First Week of School Tell students you’re going to teach them an attention-getter that you’ll be using in class all week. Every time you need their attention, you’ll be getting it in the same way. Teacher: Class, I will say the first part of the chant, “Seven beetles, six legs walking to the Zoo…”. Then you’ll respond like this, “How many legs? Forty-Two! ” Now, let me show you the Multiplication fact that goes with this chant. Teacher holds up a pre-made poster of 7x6=42 and 6x7=42 or simply writes the facts prominently on the board (not to be erased for the remainder of the week). Teacher: Class let’s practice our attention-getter. While we recite it, I want you to look at the fact as I point to the factors and product. (Teacher and students recite the chant. Teacher draws students’ attention to the visual representation of the fact by pointing or just standing nearby. ) Throughout the remainder of the day/week, this chant is used as the class attention-getter and each time, the teacher either stands by the facts or points to the facts while students are saying the chant. After a few days, cover up (or erase) the product, 42. Repeat the procedure so students can start associating the facts, 7×6 and 6×7 (without the product visible) to the “7 Beetles” Chant. Teach students that they can think ahead to the end of the chant and quickly “grab” the answer. You can explain it like this… Teacher: All week, we’ve been reciting the “7 Beetles” Chant for our class attention-getter and I’ve pointed out numerous times that this chant went with 7×6 and 6×7, but I don’t need to recite the whole chant to get the answer. I now know that anytime I see 7×6 or 6×7, I can just think about the last number in that chant, the number of legs. Class, how many legs? (Students respond 42. ) Yes, I remember the number of beetles’ legs is 42, so I know that’s the product of 7×6 and 6×7. Class, what is the product of 7×6 and 6×7? (Students respond 42. ) Revisit the posters or board several times on Friday asking students for the product without reciting the chant. In this way, we can use the chants to create a bridge to fluency. For visual learners, seeing the fact (while hearing the chant) is imperative. The Factivation! ® videos use many visual elements to establish this association as well. After viewing the Lesson Six video and practicing the chant using the prescribed method above, 7 and 6, when seen together, trigger the “7 Beetles” chant and students can quickly recall the product- 42. The reason that flashcards, electronic flashcards, and many internet games are not very effective is because seeing/hearing 7×6 ,6×7, etc. does not trigger anything in the student’s mind. A schema for that information was never established! For those methods to be effective, Multiplication facts need to be made meaningful first, which is exactly what Factivation! ® does through the strategies. See how the Factivation! ® strategies aid in recall of the corresponding Division facts. Repeat for 3×4 and 4×3 the following week. Use the same procedure the third week for 7×8 and 8×7. The above method can be used from the first week of school even with third graders and 6×7, 7×6 can be taught even before Multiplication instruction officially begins. Using the chants as your daily class attention getters using the method described above takes just a few minutes a day, but will fully prepare students for the learning that is to take place in Lessons 6-8. STEP 3: Move from Accurate Recall to Rapid Recall (Automaticity) with Consistent Practice/Review The strategies help students to be accurate when answering Multiplication problems. Once students are comfortable with the strategy, it’s time to move into fluency building. We suggest two methods for building fluency with Math facts: 1) targeted paper/pencil practice, and 2) independent online practice. A combination of both is recommended (see below). Fluency Builder Activities with Each Factivation! ® Lesson: A power-printable within the Factivation! ® program, the Fluency Builder (which accompanies each lessson) should be done daily because it helps students move beyond relying on the strategies and into the next phase of their fact development: fluency. (“When referring to the ‘basic facts’ [fluency] means automaticity with understanding. ” – Quote from Glastonbury Public Schools website. ) This printable provides repetitive practice with facts from the current lesson and can be done in under 10 minutes as a partner activity or in a “Race the Teacher” format which students love. LEARN MORE ABOUT FACTIVATION! ® FLUENCY BUILDERS - Distribute Fluency Builders for the current lesson and have students fold paper into fourths. - Begin with the first section and tell students you will give them a 7-second head start. Their goal is to try to beat you. When finished with that section, check it together and move on. - Go to second section and give a 5-second head start and repeat the procedure above. - Go to the third section and give a 3-second head start. - On the last section. watch students’ excitement as they have an “all-out” race against the teacher. Student Fact Lab: Fluency Games and Timed Challenges We also recommend making use of the Student Fact Lab where students can play practice games designed to build fluency with current facts, while reviewing previously-learned facts. Students can use the timed challenges at the top to quickly build fact fluency, starting with the 10-second challenge and making their way down to the 3-second challenge. Please visit our blog for more ideas on how to make the most of your Factivation! ® program! We are committed to providing teachers/parents with engaging online resources to ensure Math fact mastery!

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3D gene insights shed light on type 1 diabetes 3D gene insights shed light on type 1 diabetes, overlapping diseases Ground-breaking findings by Liggins Institute researchers based on mapping DNA in three dimensions have shed fresh light on the genetic drivers for type 1 diabetes, and on why seemingly unrelated diseases so often go together. For many chronic illnesses, having certain genes increases your risk but does not mean you will necessarily develop the condition – other factors are at play. One is probably to do with the way the long ribbons of DNA are folded inside our cells. The new findings, published in two top scientific journals, reflect a deepening understanding and that genetic sequencing is only the beginning of the story behind inherited traits and diseases. And they highlight the potentially critical role played by genetic variants hidden among segments of our DNA once dismissed as ‘junk DNA’. Associate Professor Justin O’Sullivan from the University of Auckland-based Liggins Institute led both teams. “We wanted to know how genetic variants that have been linked to diseases actually contribute to those diseases,” he says. “When they fall outside genes, what do they do? If we can answer this, then we can start to look for new ways to diagnose disease, predict its severity, or develop new approaches to treating it. ” The new findings pave the way for future research that could lead to personalised medicine; improving prevention, diagnosis and targeting of drugs for a wide array of common chronic diseases. New genetic drivers identified for type 1 diabetes Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the body’s immune system mistakenly destroys cells in the pancreas that make insulin, meaning the body cannot take up glucose from the blood and turn it into energy. As a substitute, the body burns its fats, leading to a build-up of dangerous chemicals in the blood, which can be life-threatening if not treated. People with this condition – an estimated 10,000-20,000 in New Zealand - depend on daily insulin injections. The exact cause is not yet known, but if you have a parent or sibling with type 1 diabetes you are more likely to develop the disease, and recent studies have linked certain mutations on the DNA to an increased risk. These mutations are called SNPs – single nucleotide polymorphisms – regions that commonly vary between individuals and that have been linked to a disease. Most SNPs, including these ones, fall outside genes in what was once labelled ‘junk DNA’ – viewed as little more than space-fillers between genes. (Now scientists dub these regions the ‘dark matter’ of the human genome, because so little is known about it. ) The Liggins Institute researchers wondered if the SNPs contributed to type 1 diabetes by interfering with the functioning of genes on other, far-flung segments of the DNA that they come into contact with through the way that DNA is tightly coiled into the cell nucleus. DNA, the long molecules containing our entire genetic blueprint, are around 2m long, but packed into cell nuclei only 100th of a millimetre across. Sure enough, using a new way of mapping genetic data in 3D devised by Dr O’Sullivan’s team, they identified 246 genes that physically come in contact with the type 1 diabetes-linked SNPs and belong to networks that are involved in the immune system. These included not only genes already known to raise the risk of type 1 diabetes, but also ones never before linked to the disease but known to play a part in immune function, insulin expression and pancreatic beta cell function. The study was published in Frontiers in Genetics. Explains the lead author, Liggins Institute PhD student Denis Nyaga, “We have shown for the first time ‘new’ genes that play a role in increasing the risk of type 1 diabetes. We also demonstrated that other organs, such as the liver, could be involved in the development of this disease. ” The team is now keen to employ DNA editing techniques to dig deeper into these genetic networks behind the condition. Nyaga: “Then we can move a step closer towards a much more precise way of helping people with type 1 diabetes. ” The research was funded by the Sir Colin Giltrap Group through a scholarship for Mr Nyaga. The other co-researchers were Dr O’Sullivan, Professor Mark Vickers, Dr Craig Jefferies and Senior Research Fellow Dr Jo Perry, all from the Liggins Institute. The missing links behind ‘multimorbidity’? One in four adult New Zealanders suffer from two or more chronic illnesses, known as ‘multimorbidity’. The challenges of living with multiple conditions – reduced quality of life, juggling medications, higher mortality – become more severe with age. And yet, our healthcare system and research is mostly focused on single diseases. Liggins Institute PhD student Tayaza Fadason says, “The rise in multimorbidity requires an urgent shift from the single-disease approach to one in which the patient is seen and treated holistically. In order to do that, we need to understand the genetics that drive these conditions. But while we know some of the conditions have a genetic component, there is little information on the genetics of multimorbidity. ” So Fadason and his team set out to hunt for the missing genetic links between the diseases. They applied the new 3D genome mapping technique, which relies heavily on computational analysis, to 21,000 SNPs that have been implicated in 1,350 human traits, including non-communicable, or ‘lifestyle’ chronic diseases and psychological disorders. The results were published in Nature Communications. Fadason: “We discovered clusters or groups within about 650 characteristics and disorders that share common genes, which are regulated by SNPs in the dark matter of the genome. Some clusters contain traits that are closely related, such as hypertension and pulse pressure, and some contain conditions which are known to occur together in people, for example ovarian cancer, a lung disease, Alzheimer’s disease and other mood disorders. “Interestingly, other clusters contain conditions whose associations are controversial or unexpected, such as autism spectrum disorders and iron biomarker levels. ” In the largest cluster, Crohn’s disease, inflammatory bowel disease, body height, muscle strength, insulin sensitivity, colorectal cancer, throat cancer and cholesterol levels were all linked with changes in the activity of genes involved in metabolism of omega-3 fatty acids. “The shared genes in each cluster could explain why the conditions tend to occur together in patients, and drugs targeting those genes could potentially be repurposed for other conditions in that cluster,” says Fadason. “So, instead of having to take maybe 10 different drugs, a patient may only need to take a couple of drugs that work on the underlying, common genetic drivers. ” The research was funded by the High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge through a scholarship for Mr Fadason. The co-researchers were Dr O’Sullivan, Liggins Institute Research Fellow Dr William Schierding and Faculty of Science (Statistics) Professor Thomas Lumley. • Frontiers in Genetics - Type 1 diabetes mellitus-associated genetic variants contribute to 1 overlapping immune regulatory networks • Nature Communications – Chromatin interactions and expression quantitative trait loci reveal genetic drivers of multimorbidities

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What Is IPAM? IP Address Management, or IPAM, according to Wikipedia.org, “a means of planning, tracking, and managing the Internet Protocol address space used in a network. ” Every network today uses IP addressing – from the largest enterprises, to the SMB, and, smallest home network. Your phone, DVR, and even home appliances (in some cases) have IP addresses on them. Today, more than ever, IP addresses must have that planning, tracking, and management that makes IPAM provides. Not every company needs IPAM or has a dedicated software application to perform IP address management. For many companies, they get by without IP address management. Instead, they create complex IP addressing convention, word docs or spreadsheets in order to track IP addresses and prevent duplicate IP addresses. IP address conflicts (aka duplicate IP addresses in use on the network) are one of the most devastating issues that can happen on an enterprise network. Let’s think about it for a minute… Everything today depends on the network. Here are some examples of problems you could run into without IPAM in place: - Massive server outage - Your servers talk to the SAN using iSCSI, for example. You may have all your servers in a medium size datacenter talking to a single SAN array on one primary IP address. What if that IP address suddenly became in use by a newly configured desktop PC that was misconfigured with a conflicting IP address by a junior administrator? An IP address conflict (depending on what device it was conflicting on and if it was on the same VLAN) could cause massive server outages. - Mass confusion and productivity loss – let’s say that you had an IP address conflict between just two devices. The devices may or may not be important (such as your own laptop or the CEO’s laptop), they are certainly less important than the SAN array. However, even though the entire datacenter isn’t down, you (and your coworkers) may still spend hours trying to troubleshoot an IP address conflict. - Delays in deployment – when rolling out new servers or desktops (really any device in the infrastructure), you’ll need to assign one or multiple IP addresses to complete the job. You can’t just randomly pick an IP address or else you stand a good chance of having an IP address conflict. Too many times, an admin simply pings a random IP address to see if it is use and uses it. Likely, it’s later (and unexpected) when a device with that IP address comes online (maybe it was in a DHCP pool) and causes an IP address conflict. Can you get by without IPAM? You may be wondering, “If horrible things will happen without IPAM, how is it that I lived so long without it”? I can tell you that I ran an enterprise network with over 1000 devices and never had a real IPAM solution. Instead, we had spreadsheets and were able to “get by”. However, it did happen more than once that we experienced an IP address conflict. It also happened multiple times per week where we had to walk around or email everyone in the infrastructure group, asking what IP addresses were available or if we could use a particular IP address. After some time and effort, the resulting answer was usually “no one says that that particular IP isn’t available so. . most likely … it is. ”. With millions of dollars of revenue counting on a strong IP infrastructure and applications, that “most likely” answer is not one that you want to hear. Instead, you want to be sure that you won’t have IP address conflict and that when you need to find a new static IP, you know exactly what is or is not available. Examples of IPAM Solutions With all this talk about what IPAM is and how it helps, what about IPAM solutions. Who offers one, what is required, and how are they priced? Here is a list of the ones that I found with some research: - Solarwinds IP address manager (IPAM) - BlueCat Address Manager - InfoBlox IP address manager - Opensource – the NOC project – which does IP address management, among other things - BT Diamond IP address management - Efficient IP Smart DDI IP address manager - Crypton Easy IP address management - Windows Server 2012 R2 IP address management With so many solutions out there, it can be tough to try to choose just one. What most people don’t know is that since it’s release, Windows Server 2012 has included an IP address manager (or IPAM). With the latest edition of Windows – Server 2012 R2 – offering a number of enhancements to the IP address manager, there is a lot of excitement around this included feature (caveat is below). In fact, let’s talk about Windows 2012 and IPAM… What does Windows Server 2012 IPAM offer you? Similar to other IPAM solutions, the practical applications for Windows 2012 IPAM are: - Planning IP address allocations and network device inventory - Managing IP addresses across the entire infrastructure including DHCP scope capacity management - Tracking and forecasting IP address usage - Auditing allows you to report on IP address usage and changes so that you can monitor change, ensure compliance, and have the necessary information available for network security forensics Figure 1: Windows 2012 IPAM Once you have Windows Server 2012 IPAM in place, you’ll be able to automatically discover your existing IP infrastructure. From there, you can further plan, analyze, and report on your IP infrastructure. It offers auditing of any IP changes, as they happen and tracks who uses what IP address, over time. Finally, with IPAM, you’ll be able to monitor and manage the Windows DHCP and DNS infrastructure, from the same console. Before considering Windows Server 2012 IPAM, you should know about the following requirements: - A single IPAM server supports up to 150 DHCP servers and 500 DNS servers as well as up to 40,000 DHCP scopes and 350 DNS zones. - IPAM is built into Window Server and must be installed on a member server (it cannot be installed on a Windows domain controller0 - No external database support is available - Can store up to 3 years of forensics data But the most crucial thing about Windows Server 2012 IPAM to differentiate it from the competition is that, by default, it only supports Microsoft devices. That’s right, it won’t inventory or support any devices except Windows servers and Windows workstations. However, you can use PowerShell to import IP addresses from non-Microsoft devices that you want added to the IPAM database. Still, if your network is primarily a Windows network than using Windows Server as your IPAM, at no additional cost, may be a much-preferred solution over paying for a costly third-party alternative. Interested in getting started with Microsoft Windows IPAM today? Here are some great resources from Microsoft.com- - What’s New in IPAM with Windows Server 2012 R2 - IPAM Planning and Design Guide - IPAM Deployment Guide - IPAM Operations Guide - Walkthrough demonstration: Windows Server 2012 IPAM - Walkthrough demonstration: Windows Server 2012 R2 IPAM I am looking forward to trying the new features in Windows Server 2012 R2 IPAM. Those features include: - New role based access control - New virtual address space management - Improved DHCP server management - New external database support - New upgrade and migration support - Improved Powershell support Stay tuned for more information on Windows IPAM!

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In this episode of Study English practise your reading comprehension skills. It is important to develop not only your reading skills, such as scanning, skimming and identifying specific information, but also the strategies relating to each question type. This will ensure you answer questions effectively and efficiently. It is also beneficial to practise your reading every day. Build your vocabulary by learning new words and phrases, and finding words which are similar and opposite in meaning. Click here for the next episode of Study English, or here for all episodes. Source: Australia NetworkMore Series for You:

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STATUTE of THE WORLD COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS PREAMBLEWE, THE DELEGATES OF THE WORLD GOVERNMENT OF WORLD CITIZENS, IN CONVENTION ASSEMBLED, 12 JUNE, 1974, IN MULHOUSE, FRANCE, REPRESENTING MORE THAN TWO MILLION ADHERENTS, AND ACTING ON BEHALF OF THE PEOPLE OF THE WORLD COMMUNITY, UNANIMOUSLY A) ESTABLISH THE WORLD COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS; B) AFFIRM our commitment to a global order under the Rule of Law, guaranteeing human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction or dissemination; C) AVER that humankind's human rights are interdependent and are not abstract concepts, and that public awareness of such rights is therefore a guarantee of their protection; D) RECOGNIZE the obligation to create a world order in which humans neither have to kill nor be killed; E) DECLARE that the WORLD COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS, premised on WORLD DUE PROCESS OF LAW and PRINCIPLES OF NATURAL JUSTICE, gives individuals and groups standing before a world tribunal; F) ADOPT. the STATUTE OF THE WORLD COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS; G) And DECLARE, that the WORLD COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS 1) IMPLEMENTS the right to life; 2) AFFIRMS that concern for the SECURITY and FREEDOM of the INDIVIDUAL is greater than principles of JURISDICTION derived from TERRITORIAL SOVEREIGNTY, NATIONALITY, and other technical concepts; 3) ASSERTS that everyone has the right to liberty and the security of the person and the unity of the physical, spiritual and moral creation of the earth and the equality of all human beings to be free of oppression or repression; 4) CONDEMNS militarization; 5) ESTABLISHES the remedy of WORLD HABEAS CORPUS; 6) ASSISTS regional and global formulae for implementing fundamental freedoms and human rights; 7) RECOGNIZES that the dignity of the individual is in keeping with essential moral needs, and this dignity finds expression in human rights; 8) Limits the arbitrary powers of government; (a) freedom from arbitrary imprisonment, torture, physical or psychological (b) the right of everyone to liberty of movement and freedom to choose one's residence; (c) the right of everyone to leave any country freely, including one's own, and to enter any country freely; (d) the right of everyone not to be expelled from the territory of the State of which one is a national nor be refused permission to enter that State; (e) the prohibition of the collective removal of individuals from their current residence or domicile; (f) the right to work; (g) the right to an adequate standard of living; (h) the right to health; (i) the right to be presumed innocent; (j) the right to reasonable bail; (k) the right to a fair trial before an impartial tribunal; (l) the right to counsel of one's choice; (m) the right to defend one self through legal assistance of one's own choosing; (n) the right to call, examine and cross-examine witnesses; (o) the right to have the services of an interpreter; (p) the right to education; (q) the right to self-determination; (r) freedom from discrimination based on age, culture, disability, gender, language, race, religion and sexual orientation; (s) the right to freedom of association; (t) the right to take part in government. (u) the right to a healthy and sustainable environment. BY VIRTUE OF THE FOREGOING,THE CONVENTION OF THE WORLD GOVERNMENT OF WORLD CITIZENS SOLEMNLY DECLARES: IN ORDER TO MORE FULLY ESTABLISH AND IMPLEMENT THE SANCTITY OF HUMAN FREEDOM AND THE SECURITY OF THE PERSON, PROVIDE FOR THE GLOBAL SOVEREIGNTY OF THE PERSON AND GUARANTEE ALL HUMAN RIGHTS, ADOPT THE PRINCIPLES OF WORLDWIDE DUE PROCESS OF LAW, THE PRINCIPLES OF NATURAL JUSTICE, AND THE DEFINITIVE LEGAL REMEDY OF THE WRIT OF WORLD HABEAS CORPUS, HEREBY STRUCTURES THE WORLD COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS. ARTICLE I THE STRUCTUREThe HIGH COURT is presided over by the CHIEF JUSTICE. The REGIONAL COURTS are to be presided over by ASSOCIATE JUSTICES . CHIEF ASSOCIATE JUSTICES are to be available to assist the CHIEF JUSTICE in the total administration. ARTICLE II REMEDIESThe COURT is empowered to process petitions for the WRIT OF WORLD HABEAS CORPUS and other complaints or communications by and on behalf of individuals when their individual security or other human rights are violated without DUE PROCESS OF LAW. ARTICLE III THE JURISTSThe REGIONAL COURTS presided over by the CHIEF JUSTICE shall be composed of a body of distinguished jurists of global stature and high moral character, who possess the qualifications required for appointment to the highest judicial offices, or are JURIS-CONSULTS of recognized competence in World Law. ARTICLE IV JURISDICTION 1) The CHIEF JUSTICE of the COURT shall appoint a distinguished jurist from each of the REGIONS to this STATUTE to process all allegations of deprivations of human rights, and shall advise recommendations to the CHIEF JUSTICE who shall communicate the judgment(s) to the accused or offending government. 2) There shall be ASSOCIATE JUSTICES on each of the regional tribunals of equal competence and jurisdiction, with their boundaries and jurisdiction to be determined by the CHIEF JUSTICE. 3) The CHIEF JUSTICE shall define the boundaries of each of the regional circuits. 4) The jurists shall be distributed to each of the REGIONAL CIRCUIT COURTS for functions of or acting as ASSOCIATE JUSTICES for the purpose of examining each petition for the WRIT OF WORLD HABEAS CORPUS for its legal sufficiency. 5) A PERSON, for purposes of jurisdiction of the COURT, may be regarded as a person living within the regional court's jurisdiction and in which one ordinarily exercises civil, cultural, economic, environmental political and social rights. 6) Stateless persons shall be regarded as a person under global law. ARTICLE V ASSOCIATE JUSTICESTo be designated by the CHIEF JUSTICE, in consultation with legal faculties and schools of law, and sections of academies devoted to the study of world law. ARTICLE VI TENURE 1) ASSOCIATE JUSTICES of the COURT are designated to be permanent members of the CIRCUIT TRIBUNALS and shall hold office for nine years. 2) MEMBERS of the COURT shall continue to discharge their duties until their places have been filled. Though replaced, they shall finish any cases which they may have begun during the nine year team. 3) In the case of resignation of a MEMBER of the COURT, the resignation shall be addressed to the CHIEF JUSTICE. This notification to the CHIEF JUSTICE and confirmation by the CHIEF JUSTICE makes the office vacant. ARTICLE VII REPLACEMENTA MEMBER of the COURT designated to replace a member whose term office has not expired shall hold office for the remainder of his predecessor's term. An ASSOCIATE JUSTICE may be removed by a majority of the ASSOCIATE JUSTICES. The CHIEF JUSTICE shall vote only in the event a tie. ARTICLE VIII INDEPENDENCE 1) No MEMBER of the COURT shall exercise any political or administrative function, or engage in any other occupation of a 2) Any doubt on this point shall be settled by the decision of the entire COURT governed by vote as specified in ARTICLE VII. ARTICLE IX INTEGRITY 1) No MEMBER of the COURT may act as AGENT, COUNSEL, or ADVOCATE in any case. 2) No MEMBER may participate in the decision of any case in which that MEMBER has previously taken part as AGENT, COUNSEL, or ADVOCATE for one of the PARTIES, or as a MEMBER of a NATIONAL or INTERNATIONAL COURT, or of a COMMISSION of inquiry, or in any other capacity. 3) Any doubt on this point shall be settled by the decision of the COURT pursuant to ARTICLE VII. ARTICLE X DISMISSAL 1) Pursuant to ARTICLE VII no MEMBER of the COURT can be dismissed unless, in the majority opinion of the MEMBERS, that MEMBER has ceased to fulfill the required conditions and competence of his of five. 2) Formal NOTIFICATION thereof after vote shall be made by the CHIEF JUSTICE. 3) NOTIFICATION makes the place vacant. ARTICLE XI OATHEvery MEMBER of the COURT shall, before taking up the duties, make a solemn declaration in open COURT: "I am a citizen of the WORLD GOVERNMENT of WORLD CITIZENS and will exercise my powers impartially and conscientiously. " ARTICLE XII REGISTRARS, - CLERKS, - CONSENTThe CHIEF JUSTICE and ASSOCIATE JUSTICES shall appoint their REGISTRARS and may provide for the appointment of such other officers as may be necessary to fulfill the duties of the COURT. Each CIRCUIT TRIBUNAL shall appoint a CLERK to assist the CHIEF JUSTICE. The CLERK shall be a person learned in world law, who shall furnish information upon some matter of law in regards to which the JUSTICE is doubtful or mistaken, or upon a matter of which the COURT may take judicial cognizance. The CLERK shall be a person not interested in any cases that will be affected by the decision. The ASSOCIATE JUSTICE need not secure the consent of the parties involved or of counsel of record to appoint Registrars or CLERK. ARTICLE XIII PRESIDING OFFICERSThe CHIEF JUSTICE and the ASSOCIATE JUSTICES shall be the PRESIDING OFFICERS of their respective TRIBUNALS. ARTICLE XIV COURT OF REVIEWJUSTICES designated by the CHIEF JUSTICE, shall be determined by the CHIEF JUSTICE to accommodate all parties in interest. This, however, shall not prevent the COURT OF REVIEW from sitting and exercising its functions elsewhere whenever it so desires. ARTICLE XV PERMANENT SESSION 1) The COURT shall remain permanently in session, including judicial vacations, the dates and duration of which shall be fixed by the CHIEF JUSTICE, provided, however, that the vacations of the CIRCUIT TRIBUNALS shall not be concurrent. 2) Individual(s) may petition for the WRIT OF WORLD HABEAS CORPUS or seek other relief from one of the other JUDICIAL CIRCUIT TRIBUNALS if prevented from so doing before the CIRCUIT TRIBUNAL having jurisdiction over the disposition of the case because that CIRCUIT is exercising its JUDICIAL VACATION. 3) MEMBERS of the COURT are entitled to periodic leave, the dates and duration of which shall be recommended to the CHIEF JUSTICE by each COURT, having in mind the distance between the seat of the COURT and the home of each ASSOCIATE JUSTICE. An interim ASSOCIATE JUSTICE shall be appointed by the CHIEF JUSTICE. 4) MEMBERS OF THE COURT shall be bound, unless they are on leave or prevented from attending by illness or other serious reasons duly explained to the CHIEF JUSTICE, to hold themselves permanently available at the disposal of the COURT. ARTICLE XVI ALTERNATES 1) If, for some special reason, any members of the COURT consider themselves unable to take part in the decision of a particular case, they shall so inform the CHIEF JUSTICE to designate an ALTERNATE 2) If the CHIEF JUSTICE considers that for some special reason one of the members of the COURT should not sit in on a particular case the CHIEF JUSTICE shall give that MEMBER notice accordingly and designate an interim replacement. 3) If in any such case the I/EMBER of the COURT and the CHIEF JUSTICE disagree, the matter shall be settled by the majority decision of the entire COURT. ARTICLE XVII FULL COURTThe FULL COURT shall sit in all judicial venues except when it is expressly determined otherwise by the CHIEF JUSTICE. ARTICLE XVIII JUDGMENTA JUDGMENT given by any of the CIRCUIT TRIBUNALS shall be considered as rendered by the COURT and shall be subject to review only by the CHIEF JUSTICE and TWO DESIGNATED ASSOCIATE JUSTICES. ARTICLE XIX APPEALSAPPEALS shall be permitted from decision of the REGIONAL TRIBUNALS when it appears: a) that a decision of a REGIONAL TRIBUNAL may be inconsistent with the decision of the same rule of law by the High Court of Review or by one of the REGIONAL TRIBUNALS; b) that a question of law and fact is without precedent; c) that a REGIONAL TRIBUNAL may have wrongfully decided on question of law or fact or both; d) that a REGIONAL COURT may have exceeded its jurisdiction; e) that a REGIONAL TRIBUNAL may have deprived a person or group of persons of the right or privilege guaranteed by DUE PROCESS OF LAW; f) that a REGIONAL COURT may have a fundamental error resulting in a denial of justice. ARTICLE XX RULESThe COURT SHALL DETERMINE RULES OF PROCEDURE from time to time for carrying out its functions. ARTICLE XXI EMOLUMENTS 1) Each member of the COURT shall receive an annual salary. 2) The REGISTRAR and ad other aides of the COURT shall receive an annual salary. 3) Salaries, allowances and other compensation shall be determined by the WORLD LEGISLATURE sitting in legislative session. 4) Regulations made by the COURT shall fit the conditions under which retirement pensions may be given to MEMBERS of the COURT and the REGISTRARS. TRAVELLING expenses shall be reimbursed. 5) The above salaries, allowances, and other compensations shall be taxfree. ARTICLE XXII COURT EXPENSEThe expense of each REGIONAL COURT shall be borne by each Tribunal. ARTICLE XXIII COMPETENCEOnly INDIVIDUALS or GROUPS OF INDIVIDUALS may be parties in cases before the COURT to seek redress for deprivation of any human right. ARTICLE XXIV ACCESS TO COURT 1) Person(s) detained or restrained in derogation of DUE PROCESS LAW shall find original jurisdiction in the judicial circuit tribunal jurisdiction over the place where the person(s) is restrained or deprived of any HUMAN RIGHT. States are charged with constructive notice of deprivations of human rights, committed within their political "boundaries. " 2) Since human rights are innate and inalienable, independent of state limitations, the COURT shall be open to ad individuals notwithstanding whether such State agrees to submit the cause to the COURT for inquiry or disposition. 3) All nation-states are bound to abide by the proceedings and decisions of the COURT. 4) When a STATE is a party to a case, the COURT shall fix the amount which that STATE is to contribute towards the expense of the COURT. ARTICLE XXV WORLD BILL OF RIGHTS 1) DUE PROCESS OF LAW shall guarantee: (a) prompt, public trial before an unhampered, impartial, competent tribunal of any accused in violation of published law, or to release pending trial; (b) the right of an accused to be presumed innocent and to be informed, in writing, in understandable language, in advance of detention or trial of the specific charge(s) made, and not be preventively held on suspicion; (c) the right to be confronted with the accusing witnesses including the right of cross-examination; (d) the right of compulsory process to obtain witnesses or discovery in advance of trial; (e) the right to counsel of own choice; (f) the right not to be compelled to give self-incriminating testimony or be bound by hearsay evidence; (g) the right to have an interpreter; (h) the right to communicate with local government or WORLD GOVERNMENT of WORLD CITIZENS and to have a representative of that government present at trial; (i) the right not to be held if mentally incompetent or put to trial twice or double jeopardy for the same offense; (j) the right to be free from prosecution by virtue of any ex post facto law; (k) the right to be free from excessive bail; (l) the right to be free from any cruel or unusual punishment or discrimination; (m) the right to petition and be free from any unreasonable searches and seizures; (n) the right to equality, life, adequate standard of living, freedom of conscience and religion, language privacy, self- determination, education, culture, thought, work, travel, housing, speech, health, press and expression in any other form, to take part in government, of association and assembly, individual or group petition. (o) the right to a healthy and sustainable environment. ARTICLE XXVI WORLD HABEAS CORPUSThe types of violations for which the WRIT OF WORLD HABEAS CORPUS shall apply include those rights designated in ARTICLE XXV. ARTICLE XXVII SANCTIONSThe ORDERS of the COURT shall be made effective by the conscience. integrity and moral force of World Law. ARTICLE XXVIII SPECIAL COMPETENCE OF THE CHIEF JUSTICEThe CHIEF JUSTICE of the COURT shall perrnit APPEALS from decisions of the CIRCUIT TRIBUNALS when it appears to at least one-third of the ASSOCIATE JUSTICES of the COURT: (a) that a decision of a CIRCUIT TRIBUNAL may be inconsistent with a prior decision of the same issue of law taken by the COURT OF REVIEW; or by one of the CIRCUIT TRIBUNALS; (b) that a CIRCUIT TRIBUNAL may have erred in deciding a question of law or of fact equating a substantive denial of justice; (c) that a REGIONAL or CIRCUIT COURT may have exceeded its jurisdiction; (d) that a CIRCUIT TRIBUNAL may have deprived a person of right or privilege guaranteed by WORLD DUE PROCESS OF LAW, defined as FAIR PLAY consistent with civilized standards as set forth in ARTICLE XXVI. ARTICLE XXIX VENUEEach PETITION for the WRIT OF WORLD HABEAS CORPUS shall be made to the CIRCUIT TRIBUNAL of the COURT having jurisdiction over the place where the person is detained, imprisoned or deprived of any other human rights. ARTICLE XXX ALLEGATIONSThe PETITION shall state in substance: 1) The person in whose behalf the WRIT OF WORLD HABEAS CORPUS or other remedy is applied for, naming the place and all the jailers if they are known, or describing them if they are unknown; 2) The cause or pretense of the restraint or detention according to the best knowledge and belief of the petitioner; 3) That there had been an exhaustion of all reasonable available local remedies, or that the case is an extraordinary one which empowers the COURT to take original jurisdiction. ARTICLE XXXI PRIMA FACE RELIEFUnless it appears from the PETITION itself, or from the documents thereto annexed, that the party can neither be discharged, admitted to BAIL or otherwise relieved, an ASSOCIATE JUSTICE may find, prima facie, that a PETITION is legacy sufficient, and, upon so finding, shall be empowered to issue a SHOW CAUSE order upon the RESPONDENT STATE as to why the WRIT OF WORLD HABEAS CORPUS should not issue or the relief sought should not be granted. ARTICLE XXXII SHOW CAUSEA SHOW CAUSE ORDER shall be issued under the SEAL of the COURT and shall request the RESPONDENT to ANSWER within ten days provided, however, that the COURT may extend the period, if, in the opinion of the COURT and in the interests of total justice more time is required as requested by the RESPONDENT STATE. Summary justice is the essence of the COURT. ARTICLE XXXIII RETURN TO SHOW CAUSE ORDERThe RESPONDENT STATE upon whom such ORDER is served, or is charged with judicial knowledge thereof, shall, in its ANSWER or RETURN, plainly and unequivocally allege: 1) whether the SUBJECT PARTY is at the time of issue of the ORDER, or was, and at what time prior or subsequent so the date of the ORDER, under the control, restraint, or in custody of the RESPONDENT; 2) the due process cause of such imprisonment or restraint; 3) by what legal authority the SUBJECT PARTY is held, and, if by some written warrant or writ of any kind, the original shall be produced and exhibited; 4) if party in custody or control restraint has been transferred or moved to another venue, it shall be with particularity to whom, at what time, for what cause and by virtue of what authority such transfer took place. ARTICLE XXXIV MOTION TO DISMISSIf the RESPONDENT STATE moves to dismiss the PETITION for prima facie insufficiency, the PETITIONER shall be allowed reasonable time to challenge said MOTION to DISMISS and a prompt hearing shall be set. ARTICLE XXXV FAILURE TO SHOW CAUSEIf the RESPONDENT STATE fails to SHOW CAUSE within the time so ordered, or if the COURT finds that the cause shown is not a legally sufficient one, the COURT shall, without further notice, be empowered to issue the WRIT OF WORLD HABEAS CORPUS and set an early date for hearing on the relief sought. ARTICLE XXXVI SUBPOENAS 1) The COURT is empowered to issue SUBPOENAS and SUBPOENAS DUCES TECUM for witnesses to appear with relevant documents before the COURT at the time and place where such WORLD HABEAS CORPUS is returnable or other relief sought. It shall be the duty of the STATE OFFICIAL to whom the SUBPOENA is directed to serve the same and make proper return of service to the COURT. 2) The WRIT OF WORLD HABEAS CORPUS may be served by any person appointed for that purpose by the COURT. ARTICLE XXXVII SERVICEService shall be made by leaving a copy of the WRIT or SUBPOENA or complaint with the office of the CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER of the RESPONDENT STATE, or with any other officials who have authority to act directly on the STATE' S behalf, or who are directly answerable to the CHIEF EXECUTIVE in the normal course of their official duties. ARTICLE XXXVIII PRODUCTION OF BODYThe RESPONDENT STATE, shall at the time of making the RETURN, disclose the person's[s'] actual or constructive custody, according to the command of the WRIT. ARTICLE XXXIX INFIRMITY OF PETITIONERIf the petitioner, or subject party, cannot without danger, be brought to the place appointed for the RETURN of the WRIT, that fact shall be stated in the RETURN, and if it be proved to the satisfaction of the COURT, the COURT may proceed to hearing or make such other ORDER in the case as law and justice require. ARTICLE XL CUSTODYWhenever it shall appear by the petition that any one is illegally held in custody or restraint, and that there is good reason to believe that such person will be taken out of the jurisdiction of the CIRCUIT COURT to which PETITION was made, or will suffer some injury before compliance with the WRIT can he enforced, the COURT may cause the EXECUTIVE OFFICE of the RESPONDENT STATE to take the subject party into its direct or supervisory custody and be held harmless. ARTICLE XLI NO DELAYUpon the RESPONDENT'S RETURN or ANSWER the COURT shall, without delay, proceed to examine the cause of the imprisonment or restraint, but the examination maybe adjourned from time to time as circumstances and substantive justice requires. ARTICLE XLII DEFENSE TO RETURNThe party imprisoned or restrained may TRAVERSE any of the material facts set forth in the RESPONDENTS RETURN or ANSWER, and may allege any other facts that may be material in the case, which TRAVERSE shall be on affirmation or oath; and the COURT shall proceed to summary hearing on its established rules of procedure consistent with DUE PROCESS OF LAW. ARTICLE XLIII HEARINGSThe hearings shall be under the control of the presiding JUSTICE or if s/he is unable to preside, by an ALTERNATE JUSTICE designated by the CHIEF JUSTICE. ARTICLE XLIV PUBLIC HEARINGSThe hearing in COURT shall be public. ARTICLE XLV MINUTES 1) MINUTES shall be made of each hearing and signed by the REGISTRAR or by one of the assistants appointed for the CIRCUIT TRIBUNALS; and said MINUTES shall be a permanent record and be publicly 2) The MINUTES shall be authenticated by oath of the Court Reporter or Rapporteur. ARTICLE XLVI FLEXIBILITY OF PROCEDUREThe COURT shall make orders for the conduct of each case, shall decide the form and time in which each of the parties must conclude their presentation of evidence and arguments and make all arrangements connected with the presenting or taking of evidence, including deposition form, if necessary. ARTICLE XLVII FINALITYThe COURT will not consider invidious assumptions or conjectures but will base its judgment on the integrity and independence of appropriate, competent, material, relevant and ascertainable fact. The COURT will rely on the principle of judicial reconciliation in determining culpability. If an accused STATE fails to appear in an inquiry or hearing then the COURT will hear evidence under appropriate safeguards and communicate with the accused STATE for its REPLY or REBUTTAL. If declination persists then the COURT shall proceed EXPARTE. All unchallenged or unrebutted evidence shall be considered as PRO CONFESSO and final. This draft Statute of the World Court of Human Rights is being distributed to jurists, legal academicians, diplomats and government leaders for comments, suggestions and criticism. The World Judicial Commission is seeking feedback as well from the nonlegal, nongovernmental community. The presentation and the content are subject to change. World Judicial Commission c/o Legal Department World Service Authority 5 Thomas Circle NW, Washington, DC 20005 Tel: (202) 638-2662 Fax: (202) 638-0638

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How does tattoo ink work? Kat Arney put this to fellow Naked Scientist, Chris Smith.. . Chris - When you do tattooing, you're putting in big molecules of a dye or ink. It goes in, under the top layer of the skin because the surface layers of the skin are continuously being replaced. You have very high cell turnover in the skin. Your stem cells that make skin slowly grow upwards through the skin and it takes about a month from the time the stem cell produces a new skin cell for that skin cell to work its way up to the top then get worn off, fall off, and itís replaced by one from below. The tattoo is going in just into that layer. The ink is being taken up by cells in the skin, probably macrophages and long lived cells which eat the dye molecules and it stains the cells. as a result, you end up with that pigment sitting there. But thatís why tattoos blur as you get older because slowly, the dye gets carted off to your lymph nodes, it also breaks apart and spreads out a bit more as some of those long live cells die. But you're basically staining the skin.

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A Geochemical Study of a Marsh Environment The goal of this study was twofold: 1) chemically to characterize a specific salt marsh, the sediments and associated biota and 2) to establish clear relationships between the chemical substances residing in the sediments and similar or identical substances occurring in the biological specimens. In this particular study it was felt that the hydrocarbons would yield the most significant organic geochemical information. These compounds are ubiquitous but minor components of all organisms. Though their function is not entirely understood, it is known that they are concentrated in the waxy coatings of plants and most likely aid in the protective mechanisms of plants. Among the several classes of biochemical materials, the hydrocarbons exhibit probably the greatest resistance to biological and chemical degradation and therefore may be preferentially concentrated and preserved in sedimentary environments. An extreme variety of specific hydrocarbons occurs naturally in plants and hence the possible combinations and distributions of these hydrocarbons are limitless. The stability and unique distributions of hydrocarbons ranks them as a very important tool in the correlation of biolipids and geolipids. Lytle, T. F., J. S. Lytle and P. L. Parker. A Geochemical Study of a Marsh Environment. Gulf Research Reports Retrieved from https://aquila.usm.edu/gcr/vol4/iss2/8

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The population figures in Trenton reflect the historical development patterns in the Town along with current national trends. One of the earliest recorded population counts in Trenton was 625 persons in 1800. This number steadily grew and peaked at 3,540 in 1850. Most of this increase was due to the influx of people looking to establish farmsteads or related agricultural industries. By 1900, the population had dropped to 2,628 people. Local industries declined as the railroad made access to distant locations easier for manufactured goods. Larger companies were able to produce goods at a lower cost than Trenton businesses. As a result, they took away the market share in the region and the smaller industries folded. And while tourism did have an impact on the population during the 19th Century, much of this activity had disappeared by the turn of the century. The decline in population continued through 1930 when the Town had 2,262 residents. It was not until 1950 that Trenton began to experience any growth, when the census counted 2,522. Much of this increase was due to an improved highway system through the construction of New York State Route 12. People could more readily access areas of Trenton than in the past and as a result chose to move here. The post-World War II baby boom also contributed to population increases as the figure rose to 3,417 in 1960. By 1970 this figure had risen to 4,429. Much of this increase can be attributed to the national trend of suburbanization. People were tired of the congestion in the central cities and moved outward toward more rural areas. This trend was facilitated by the extension of highway and road systems, thereby making access quicker and safer. The population of Trenton rose to 4,683 in 1980 and 4,682 in 1990. This indicates the continued movement of people away from the Utica-Rome urbanized area. The 1990 population figure would be higher were it not for a decrease in average household size from 2. 89 in 1980 to 2. 54 in 1990. While there is continued demand for new housing as people move to Trenton, families are having fewer children than in the past. So even though additional new housing units are being built every year, the total population count has remained the same.

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Free Word Search Maker A really useful tool, if you have a child who likes word searches, is a free word search maker aka a word search generator. There are a number of different types on the internet. Why would this be useful? Although you don’t want to spend all your time creating and solving word searches, they do have their place. - Familiarising your child with words for spelling - Familiarising your child with specific vocabulary - To expand your child’s vocabulary generally - A useful way for your child to exercise their brain - It’s good for pattern recognition - They are fun to do Printable word search makers Super teacher worksheets I’ll start with the one which is probably my favourite – it is from Super teacher worksheets. Just choose the level and then fill in your words. There are 3 levels to choose from, basic, intermediate and advanced and each one shows you the options you can have. However, if you want more freedom to choose you need to look at some of the other word search makers. The thing I really like about this one is that it gives you a smart set of worksheets and the solution – here’s my example atozteacherstuff word search Here is another very straightforward example You just need to fill in the options. Note the advice about checking it for inappropriate words. I suspect that it is not just the atozteacherstuff word search that has this problem. Here I have chosen forward words only but you could have backwards words only or a mixture. Then this is what it looks like: Puzzlemaker at Discovery Education Another popular puzzle maker is at The final puzzle looks like this I used the same list of capitals as in the last example, but you can see it looks much harder. However, don’t forget I only chose forward words in the last example. Here is the word list: You should be able to click on solution and get a worked example but that doesn’t seem to work for me. The sheet to input your material looks like this Here is a video talking you through the process. How to make a free Word Search using Discovery Puzzlemaker I find it useful to create my wordlist in Excel first so I can reuse them in different puzzle makers, or choose different numbers when I have a long list. Talking of Excel here is a video of using Excel to create a Word Search Puzzle. I used to use this method quite a lot myself. It takes longer but I have more freedom to do what I want with it. However, these days I generally prefer to just use Excel to keep my word lists in and then use one of the automatic word search generators. How to Create a Word Search Puzzle in Excel – Tutorial Useful Word searches that have already been created The Word Search . Com There is a word search maker here but you have to type each word in separately. This may be useful if you want your child to type in a spelling list or a list of specialised vocabulary. Also, the puzzles only stay on the site for 30 days, so you must print them out if you want to keep them for longer. However, what I really like about this site is all the word searches that are already there. Image from https://thewordsearch.com/ ESL – but useful for everyone These words searches are created for children who are learning English as a Second Language but actually they are very useful for all children. For More Word Searches If you have an interest in the World Cup For a software option that you can use offline Get in touch There are lots more word searches I could have included – let me know your favourites below in the comments. Thanks for reading and I look forward to hearing from you! PS Click here if you are interested in spelling activities for younger children.

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A HISTORY OF THE 80TH OHIO VOL. INF. Six months after Fort Sumter was fired upon by the Confederate States of America, Ohio had over 80 Volunteer Regiments serving in the Civil War. The Union defeats at First Bull Run and Wilson's Creek had proved this would not be a short war. Volunteers rushed to join the Army in all the Northern States and Ohio was no exception. One of these regiments formed in the Autumn of 1861 was the 80th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, the subject of this book. The 80th Ohio was recruited mainly from the counties of Tuscarawa, Coshocton and Carroll, and was organized at Camp Meigs, near Canal Dover in Tuscarawa County. The men were from all walks of life, from bank clerks to farmers. When the President called for the States to furnish their quota of Volunteers, the men of these counties responded with fervor. The neighboring State of Kentucky had voted for neutrality, but it appeared this would not stand for long, and the Western Part of Virginia had become a battlefield between the armies. How long would it be before the Rebel armies decided to move across the Ohio River? The citizens of Ohio answered the call to arms. At Camp Meigs, recruiting for the 80th Ohio continued. By January, 1862, most of the companies which would constitute the 80th Ohio had been organized. Most of the men had joined in November, 1861. After Company C was fully recruited in early February, the regiment was mustered into the service of the United States. Uniforms and weapons were issued and their training began in earnest. The regiment was issued the Austrian Rifle Musket, caliber . 54. All day long, somewhere in the camp, you could hear some officer calling "left, left, left, right, left as he drilled his squad or company. Dress parade was usually held at sunset. Meals consisted of light bread, coffee, fresh meat at most meals and salt meat at others. They had beans, rice, onions and potatoes with stewed dried apples occasionally for supper. The main standbys of the Western Regiments were coffee, sow-belly, beans and hardtack. Between dress parade and taps, the men sat around and talked of home and their families and sometime sang patriotic songs. The 80th Ohio was commanded by Colonel Ephraim R. Eckley. Other staff officers were Lt. Colonel Matthias H. Bartilson, Major Richard Lanning and Surgeon Ezekial P. Buell. The commander of Company C was Captain John J. Robinson, Sr. Captain Robinson had two sons in the regiment, both lieutenants in Company C. One other member of Company C was Private John King, the Great-Grandfather of the author's wife, Donna. John would rise to the rank of Sergeant before the war ended. During the month of February, 1862, the regiment received orders to proceed to Columbus, Ohio for further transportation to Paducah, Kentucky. As they marched to the railroad station, the chests of the young men must have been bursting with pride and excitement. When all were on board, the train slowly pulled away and the men gazed out the windows, sad to leave home but anxious to be going. Many would never see their homes again. Arriving in Columbus, the regiment marched to Camp Chase which was 4 miles from Columbus. The men felt the camp was very nice but extremely muddy. However, they liked it better than Camp Meigs. While here they guarded about 400 rebel prisoners. The next day they boarded a train at Columbus in the rain. The men were soaked and when they got into the cars the first thing they did was to make a fire to dry their clothes and cook their food. At 12 O'clock the train started for Cincinnati, getting there about daylight. They stayed in the cars until 9 a. m. at which time they boarded the steamer “Prairie Flower”, staying on the boat until midnight. While at Cincinnati two men deserted, one of them being Joe Holly and another man from Cumberland. At midnight they started down the river but did not get very far when the boat broke one of its shafts in the engine. They stopped at Aurora, Indiana, staying there until they could get another boat from Cincinnati. This boat was the “Leonora”. They started again down the river but a storm came up and nearly turned the boat over. The crew got the boat ashore and waited until the storm blew over and then proceeded on to Paducah, Kentucky. On the 22nd of February the regiment celebrated Washington’s Birthday aboard the vessel by a reading of Washington’s Farewell Address to his troops and a speech by Colonel Eckley. That night they lay over in Troy, Indiana. They arrived at Paducah on the morning of February 24th, 1862, with 919 men and stayed there until noon. While here a boat load of wounded men pulled in from Fort Donelson and some of the men of the 80th Ohio went up on deck to see them. This was the first of the horrors of war the men had seen. Paducah was a river town and full of soldiers who were arriving daily by steamer. Leaving Paducah, the regiment steamed on down to Cairo, Illinois and moved down the Mississippi a short way to Fort Holt, Kentucky where they went into camp. It rained continuously and the men were afraid their camp would be flooded and they had to move their camp several times to stay out of the water. The enemy was 25 miles away at Columbia, Kentucky and the regiment thought they were going to receive orders to attack them. They could hear cannon fire from gunboats in that direction. On the seventh of March the regiment moved to Paducah on the steamer "Continental", disembarking on the next day. Here, they pitched camp. While here in Paducah many men of the regiment became ill and by March 18th 175 men of the regiment were in the hospital. The men did not have much camp duty to perform here and did not drill much due to the bad weather and sickness, although the weather was becoming warm and mild. On the 31st of March there was a General Review of the troops present at Paducah. The first night in April a big storm hit Paducah with high winds and possibly a tornado. Tents were blown down and many houses in the city were destroyed. Several people were injured but none died. Early in April, a squad of 50 men from the 80th Ohio was detailed to scout and fix a railroad bridge which had been burned by the rebels. The bridge was about 18 miles south of Paducah. After repairing the bridge they were ordered to load their guns and boarded the train for Mayfield, Kentucky. They thought they might have a fight on their hands at Mayfield, but when they arrived they saw the U.S. flag flying above the town. Nearly all the townspeople were glad to see the Union troops. The men then returned on the train to Paducah. The 80th Ohio was attached to the District of Paducah until April 25th, 1862. The regiment was paid 4 months wages on the 23rd of March, which was the first time the men of the regiment were paid. On the 25th of April, the 80th Ohio boarded River transport "Tigress" and steamed up the Tennessee River to PIttsburgh Landing, Tennessee, staying overnight there then going up the river to Hamburg Landing, Tennessee, arriving there on the 27th. Hamburg Landing was a vast storehouse of supplies for the Union Army and was only a few miles from Shiloh or Pittsburg Landing, where a few days previously, on April 6th, a large and bloody battle was fought. The Confederates had then retreated to Corinth, Mississippi. Now the 80th Ohio was attached to the Army of the Mississippi commanded by General John Pope, and they were in the Third Division commanded by General Hamilton, and in the Second Brigade commanded by Colonel Perczal. Having been distributed cartridges for their guns on the 28th, the next day the 80th Ohio except for 3 Companies which included Company C, departed Hamburg Landing and marched toward Corinth. The Division had moved out toward Corinth earlier on the 22nd of April and due to the almost impassable condition of the roads, the 80th Ohio did not join its Brigade until May 3rd, along with the 48th Indiana. By May 17th the regiment was at Farmington, Mississippi. The distance from Hamburg Landing to Farmington is about 20 miles, but the army of 70,000 men took over three weeks to get there. Repairing the roads and having to throw up breastworks every evening was a slow and tedious process. The 3 Companies which stayed behind at Hamburg Landing were put to work fixing up the hospital for the wounded and unloading the steamers as they came in with supplies for the troops advancing on Corinth. For this work the men were paid extra. The Division of the 80th Ohio, as reserve of the Army of the Mississippi, supporting a battery of 20 pounder Parrotts, covered and supported the operations of General Paine's and Stanley's divisions in a reconnaissance of the approaches to Corinth from Farmington. This was on May 8th. The next day, the Division, under Brigadier General N. B. Buford, General Hamilton being ill, was drawn up in line to support the advance in case of necessity, but was not ordered forward, though a Brigade under General Palmer was engaged with the enemy. Also on this day the 17th Iowa joined the Second Brigade. On May 12th, the 80th Ohio and its Brigade under Colonel Perczel advanced on the Old Alabama road to the left and rear of Farmington, and threw up a strong redoubt for the 5th Wisconsin Battery. On the 17th, the whole Army of the Mississippi moved forward to the line in and about Farmington. Strong entrenchments were thrown up and constant reconnoitering parties were sent out. Scouts from the 3rd Michigan Cavalry reported on the 22nd of May, that the enemy was advancing in strong force. However, no enemy approached although the Division's advanced picket lines were driven back for several miles. This seemed as though the report was a false alarm, but citizens testified that a force of 40,000 men moved out of Corinth to attack the left flank, guarded by the Third Division, but finding it strongly posted, they marched away without attempting to make an attack. On the night of the 21st, Colonel William Worthington, the division's general officer of the day, was accidentally shot and killed by one of the Division's own pickets. On the 24th of May, a strong reconnaissance, composed of the 5th Iowa and four companies of the 4th Minnesota, with a section of Sand's battery, under command of Lt. Colonel Matthias, reconnoitered to the Memphis and Charleston road without seeing any large body of the enemy. On the 26th, the 10th Iowa with some artillery made a reconnaissance on the Danville road to Corinth, and met a superior force of the enemy. Although forced to retire, the men did so in good order. The whole army advanced upon the outer works of Corinth on the 28th of May. Entrenchments were thrown up and batteries put in position. There were several sharp skirmishes with the enemy and the next day the 10th Missouri and the 17th Iowa had a sharp engagement with the enemy. On this day, Brigadier General Hamilton was placed in command of the whole left wing of the Army of the Mississippi, consisting of eighteen regiments and four batteries. On the night of May 29th Corinth was evacuated by the enemy, and the Army of the Mississippi moved forward in pursuit of them the next day. All the officers and men were anxious to meet and beat the enemy. The left wing advanced to Booneville, with the other forces, without overtaking the enemy, and on June 11th returned to their camp near Corinth on Clear Creek. The 80th Ohio remained in camp until June 22nd at which time they made a forced march to Ripley, Mississippi, a distance of 46 miles. The heat and dust was intense, and the men suffered greatly. A few men even died from the effects of sunstroke. A few days later, the 80th Ohio returned to its camp near Corinth. On the 29th of July, the 3 Companies, being C, E and I, left behind at Hamburg Landing, rejoined the Regiment. The 80th Ohio remained on duty in Corinth until August 15th, guarding the railroad. General Rosecrans was now in command of the Army of the Mississippi and General Hamilton Commanded the Division of the 80th Ohio, being the Third Division, with General Sullivan commanding their Second Brigade. General Pope had been reassigned to take command of the Army of the Potomac. All Union forces west of the Tennessee River were now commanded by General Grant. On the 15th of August the 80th Ohio and its Division marched to Jacinto, Mississippi and established an outpost there. From this point numerous expeditions were sent out in all directions, but to no great distance. The 80th Ohio remained here until the 19th of September, 1862. In the meantime confederate forces under General Price were reported to be moving north from Tupelo. The reports were confirmed when word came the confederates were near Iuka, Mississippi. On the evening of the 18th of September, General Stanley received orders to move his Brigade (that of the 80th Ohio) the next morning at 5 o'clock on the Tuscumbia road toward Iuka, to join in an attack on General Price, who was encamped with the rebel army at that place. Leaving camp at the ordered time the Brigade arrived within one and half miles of Iuka by 4 p. m. Halting at this point the First Brigade was formed in line of battle by General Hamilton, who was in the advance, while the Second Brigade was halted on the road until a reconnaissance could be made of the ground to the left and a position obtained for the battery. Before a position could be located, the rebels opened fire along the entire front of the Union line, having approached them entirely unseen, owing to the dense underbrush and broken character of the ground, and at the same time attempting to turn the Union position by an attack on their flanks. General Sullivan ordered the 10th Missouri to take a position guarding the right flank, while the 10th Iowa, with a section of the 12th Wisconsin Battery, was ordered to hold a road leading to the Brigade's left and rear. The position occupied by the 10th Missouri was so important and so effectually checked the enemy's advance on the right that the enemy's artillery fire was directed specifically to that point. Although the enemy's fire enfiladed the 10th Missouri's lines, the movements of the regiments in taking position were performed with as much precision as if on the drill ground. The 10th Iowa held the position assigned them and drove back a brigade of the rebels which was advancing to take possession of the road. Forming up a portion of the 80th Ohio and 17th Iowa, which had been halted in the road, two volleys, rapidly delivered, checked the enemy's advance and drove them back to the brow of the hill. The 80th Ohio's left was near an old church on the hill and the right rested several yards across the Iuka road, where it turned down the hill, being at the time exposed to a heavy fire of musketry and grape shot. It was near here that Adjutant Philpott was shot through the left arm and compelled to leave the field. The Seventeenth Iowa was at the same time on the 80th Ohio's right. By this time portions of the 26th Missouri, 48th Indiana and the 16th Iowa, whose colonels had all been seriously wounded, with a few of the 4th Minnesota, joined General Sullivan's Brigade and fought bravely through the remainder of the action. General Hamilton ordered General Stanley and his Brigade to save Sand's Battery, which was entirely disabled, with every officer and cannoneer being either killed or wounded and all the horses killed. General Stanley gave the order to advance and the men gave three cheers and with a rush drove the enemy back out of the battery down the hill when a murderous fire was opened up on their flank by a regiment of enemy sharpshooters, which lay concealed to the left in the woods. General Stanley ordered his men to fall back and then the line was reformed. The enemy advanced at the supposed retreat of the Brigade with loud cheers, but were greeted by a volley followed by an order to charge. While there the 80th Ohio received orders to advance down the hill, eastward, through the thick wood and brush. The order was executed by advancing down the hill, across a ravine, and up the next hill, expecting to find a line of their own forces, which General Hamilton had informed Lt. Colonel Bartilson, had taken position in front of the place where the 80th Ohio was ordered to take a position. Colonel Bartilson did not find the line referred to by General Hamilton, and advanced the regiment to within 30 paces of the enemy's line, which they found concealed in the woods, covering the regiment's front and right. The enemy raised and fired upon them to which the 80th Ohio heartily responded to for about ten minutes, at which time the enemy fell back to the edge of the field in the regiment's front. Receiving reinforcements, the rebels again advanced, but were held in check, when the Thirty-ninth Ohio, through a mistake, and without orders, fired a volley into the rear of the Brigade's line, killing and wounding more than the whole loss prior to that time. By this time it was so dark that friends could not be distinguished from foes. The enemy took advantage of this occasion to remove the guns from their position, but were not able to take them entirely off, and were compelled to leave the caissons in their original position. At 8 o'clock the firing ceased and the battle was over. The position in which the battery was planted and which was so hotly contested was held by the Brigade. During the firing just mentioned, Colonel Bartilson's horse was shot dead under him, and the Colonel received a severe wound through the right thigh by buck-shot. He found himself unable to command any longer, and ordered the company commanders to hold their position until relieved by some proper officer, which they accordingly did. Only eight companies of the 80th Ohio crossed the ravine. Companies B and G, with Major R. Lanning, owing to the thick brush, became separated from the left, and did not cross the ravine until after Lt. Colonel Bartilson had left the field. Soon after, Major Lanning joined the command with Companies B and G, he, acting under orders from General Rosecrans, recrossed the ravine, taking position so that the right rested in the ravine, which position he held about one hour, when he was ordered to take a position on the old road leading in the direction of the Twelfth Wisconsin Battery, which he accordingly did, and remained there until 2. 30 a. m. , at which time the command was ordered from the field. Orders were given to Hamilton's and Stanley's Divisions to go in pursuit of the rebels, but General Price had made good his escape. On the following day, September 21st, the 80th Ohio returned to their camp at Jacinto. The 80th Ohio remained at Jacinto for several days to watch the movements of General Price's army. On the 26th of September, 1862, General Rosecrans ordered the Divisions of Generals Hamilton and Stanley to move to Corinth in the event of an attack by confederate forces upon that town. The 80th Ohio once again took up position near Corinth. At 1:30 a. m. on the 3rd of October, General Sullivan received orders from General Hamilton, commanding the 3rd Division, Army of the Mississippi, to form his Brigade and march to Corinth, a distance of about 3 miles from their camp. Confederate General Price was expected to make an attack at daylight on Corinth with 40,000 men, and the Union troops were being rapidly concentrated to defend the position. The 80th Ohio cooked a hasty breakfast, tents were struck, wagons packed, and the Brigade, with its entire train of camp and garrison equipment, was marching by 3 o'clock. On arriving at Corinth, the first line was formed under the direction of General Hamilton, which position was occupied until about 9 a. m., when orders were received to advance on the Purdy road and occupy the breastworks between the Purdy road and the swamp, which lay to the right of the railroad, and joining with General Davie's Division across the railroad. By the time the last position was taken, the enemy attacked General Davie's Division in large numbers. The superior numbers of the enemy compelled the Union troops to fall back, exposing their flank to the enemy's attack. The Brigade's front was immediately changed and a ridge was occupied, which gave the Brigade an opportunity to advance and attack the enemy on the flank as they moved forward, following General Davie's position which was falling back toward Corinth, and also secure a road to which they could retire if it proved necessary. With the enemy still advancing, General Hamilton ordered General Sullivan to take three regiments and attack the enemy's left flank. Between the Brigade's position and the enemy lay a swamp, covered with a dense growth of underbrush, vines, and fallen trees, through the center of which ran the dry bed of a creek, whose banks, 6 feet deep, afforded good shelter for the enemy. Cautioning the men to silence, General Sullivan, with the 17th and 10th Iowa and the 80th Ohio, numbering about 800 men, moved forward to the attack. Their advance was entirely unexpected by the enemy. Taken by surprise, the enemy fell back, but not rapidly enough to save themselves from a loss of 82 prisoners. The regiments were forced to halt for support, and noticing this, the enemy rallied and opened up a heavy fire of grape and canister from two batteries on the three regiments. The Union column fell back in good order with its face to the foe. This ended the fighting for the day, although a sharp skirmish was kept up until darkness came. During the fight, General Sullivan received a severe contusion and was unable to continue command. The disposition of the Brigade for the anticipated attack by the enemy the next morning was made by Colonel Samuel A. Holmes, of the Tenth Missouri. That night Ordnance officers were kept busy distributing ammunition, soldiers were occupied cleaning their weapons, while general officers were engaged in consultation. By 3 o'clock a complete silence reigned throughout the lines. Just before dawn the enemy opened up with artillery fire. Before the first shot had ceased reverberating through the woods, the entire Union force was under arms. The Union artillery quickly responded with its own fire and the noise was deafening. General Hamilton's division held the right of the 80th Ohio's Brigade with General Davies' division holding the right center. No attack was made by the confederates until 8 a. m., when they emerged from the woods in front and advanced rapidly in column of attack on the entire Union line. Part of General Davies' division fled at the first fires, leaving several batteries exposed, which the enemy temporarily took possession of, with the 10th Missouri, 56th Illinois, 80th Ohio and 10th Iowa holding their ground. The 12th Wisconsin Battery fired grape and canister into the massed columns of the enemy, causing them to halt. A desperate charge was then made by the First Brigade who recaptured the batteries and drove the enemy from that portion of the field. General Hamilton ordered two regiments to be placed under General Sullivan's command, who had recovered from his contusion, to drive back the enemy, which had penetrated the Union's center. The regiments rushed in and gave two well delivered volleys and the enemy fled, leaving their colors, their dead and wounded, and over 300 prisoners. On that first days fight, the 17th and 10th Iowa, and the 80th Ohio received special mention in General Sullivan's report for their steadiness and coolness in marching to make the attack upon the enemy's flank. One company of the 80th Ohio brought off safely 33 prisoners, taken under a heavy fire and in the presence of a greatly superior force of the enemy. The 80th Ohio, after losing their only field officer present, that being Major Lanning who was killed, continued to fight on and did not cease until the fight was done. The casualties sustained by the 80th Ohio proved that the position they held was one of danger. The 80th suffered, in the two days fight, 80 men killed and wounded. In addition to Major Lanning, First Lieutenant John J. Robinson, Jr. of Company C was killed. Lt. Colonel Bartilson, although still suffering from his wound received at Iuka, hearing of Major Lanning's death, mounted his horse and commanded the regiment through the remainder of the battle. The 80th Ohio, with its Division pursued the enemy as far as the Hatchie river, but was then ordered to proceed no further. The Brigade returned to Corinth on October 12, 1862 and went into camp. The camp was nice but water was scarce. The only water available for the regiment was about 1 ½ miles away in a small creek where there was some standing water. The weather was warm during the day but cold at night. On the 30th of October, about 105 new recruits joined the regiment. On October 26th, 1862, General I. F. Quinby was given command of the Third Division of which the 80th Ohio was a part. This Division was in the 13th Army Corps, commanded by James B. McPherson, and in the Army of the Tennessee, commanded by General U. S. Grant. Colonel E. R. Eckley commanded the Second Brigade, being that of the 80th Ohio. Orders were received by General Quinby on November 1st to have his Division held in readiness for movement early on the morning of the 2nd. The men were to carry three days rations in haversacks, three days in wagons, and 100 rounds of ammunition per man. Not more than one tent per company would be taken, and no other baggage. A small camp guard was to be left, composed as far as possible of non-effectives. On the morning of the 2nd of November, the 80th marched out of their camp near Corinth and moved toward Davis' Mill, arriving there on the 8th of November and set up camp there. This was 75 miles from Corinth near Grand Junction, Tennessee. On the 12th, the 80th Ohio and its Division moved out toward Holly Springs having previously met up with General McPherson's forces at Lamar. Near Holly Springs, Mississippi it was reported that the enemy was in force there, commanded by General Price. Confederate forces also were reported at Coldwater and at Abbeville. General McPherson moved to near Holly Springs, but was recalled by General Grant. A Grand Review of the troops was made by Major General Grant on the 16th. The 80th Ohio and its Brigade marched back to Davis' Mill and on to Moscow, arriving there at dark on the 17th of November. Pickets were established and all roads running south from Memphis and Charleston were obstructed. On the 26th of November, orders were given to General Quinby to march directly from Moscow, taking everything clean from that place, and leaving no garrison. The Division was to encamp the first night to the right of the right wing, and on the second day from the rear, coming up to take position with the left wing upon encamping in the evening. The men were to take three days rations in haversacks and five days in the wagons. Two hundred thousand rations would be taken down the railroad later, if the road is practicable. From this point the Division teams would have to haul further supplies. There would be no provision for a reserve for the entire command, but each wing commander would provide for and have charge of his own reserve. The order of march for each wing was provided by the wing commanders. Each commander would have with him 200 rounds of ammunition per man for the infantry and cavalry, and all the artillery ammunition the means of transportation would allow. Wing commanders would require all men to keep in ranks, and at least one field officer should march in the rear of his regiments. Company officers should at all times be directly with their companies. On the first halt, regimental commanders, under supervision of division and brigade staff officers, should make an inspection of their entire commands, and take, from every officer and soldier who is not entitled to forage from the Unites States that may be found mounted, his horse and horse equipments, and send them back to the quartermaster. Thus, under these orders and instructions, the 80th Ohio moved south toward Holly Springs. The 6th of December found the 80th Ohio and its Division at Oxford, Mississippi, and on the 9th, a grand review of the troops was made by the commanding General. On the 12th the regiment marched 6 miles to the south of Oxford and camped. The regiment marched back to Oxford on the 21st of December and the next day they moved to Abbeville, a distance of 15 miles. On the 23rd they marched about 20 miles, crossing the Tallahatchie River and camped within a half a mile of Holly Springs. On the 24th of December General Quinby received orders from General Grant to move the next day to the neighborhood of Lumpkin's Mill and encamp. The 80th Ohio was now a part of the Army of Tennessee, commanded by General Grant, and in the 7th Division, commanded by General Quinby, and the 2nd Brigade, commanded by Colonel Eckley. Colonel Bartilson, having recovered somewhat from his wound, commanded the 80th Ohio. The Division would remain here until further orders from General Grant. On the 25th of December General Quinby's Division was ordered to proceed without delay to Memphis, Tennessee as escort to a wagon train for supplies for the army. A train of 50 wagons was detached from each Division for this purpose, besides the regimental train of the Seventh Division. The train of the right wing would be collected at Tallaloosa by 12 o'clock on the 26th of December, escorted by details from the respective commands to that place. The Seventh and Eighth Divisions would receive their directions from General Quinby where they are. The route to be taken to Memphis would be the Pigeon Roost road leading from Tallaloosa to Memphis. The 80th Ohio and its Division, with the wagon trains, marched 15 miles in the rain and mud and camped for the night on the 26th. The next day they continued and marched 17 miles. On the 28th they marched 20 miles and camped for the night within 7 miles of Memphis. They arrived in Memphis about noon on the 29th of December. Since the teams for the wagons were fatigued, General Quinby deferred commencing the loading of the supplies until the next day. Upon completion of loading the wagons, the Division moved to the Memphis and Charleston Railroad from Colliersville, within 3 miles of Memphis where the supplies were sent south by railway. On the 2nd of January, the regiment mustered for their pay. The 80th Ohio and its Brigade guarded the road from Colliersville to Germantown, this being on January 3rd, 1863. For more Information click to send an email to: email@example. com Copy Right 2002 Chapter 2 - 1863 Chapter 3 - 1864 Chapter 4 - 1865 Back To The 80th O.V.I.

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A new technique could help crops grow in record time A scientific breakthrough in the world of agriculture could help crops grow in record time thanks to a new speed breeding technique. A research team from the John Innes Centre, University of Queensland, and the University of Sydney developed a speed breeding technique that accelerated wheat growth with immensely successful results. A full cycle of wheat took only eight weeks from seed to harvest thanks to long, intense periods of photosynthesis, artificially aided with LED lighting. Speed breeding could be a necessity in the coming years with growing demand for food outweighing available land for productive and sustainable crop growth. “Globally, we face a huge challenge in breeding higher yielding and more resilient crops,” said Dr. Brande Wulff from the John Innes Centre, Norwich, a lead author on the paper. “Being able to cycle through more generations in less time will allow us to more rapidly create and test genetic combinations, looking for the best combinations for different environments. ” The researchers were able to speed up growth and breeding by creating fully controlled artificial environments with enhanced lighting. The intensified lighting sped up wheat growth from seed to harvest, aka seed to seed, in eight weeks. This technique could produce as many six generations of wheat in a single year. The lab environment could easily be replicated in a typical greenhouse, and the technique could work for many different vital crops. Other breeding methods currently being used today are not nearly so successful in their application as this new process. One exciting result of the speed breeding technique is the opportunities it presents to the field of crop genetics. “Speed breeding as a platform can be combined with lots of other technologies such as CRISPR gene editing to get to the end result faster,” said Dr. Lee Hickey, a member of the research team. The technique is already being welcomed by wheat breeders and has helped researchers in Australia develop wheat with a tolerance to pre-harvest sprouting, a huge problem for breeders in the country.

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Effective storytelling is rooted in connection and communication. How you tell a story, the language used and how the subject is presented all weave together as powerful tools to communicate effectively. Cutting through the noise By connecting academic concepts to everyday life, culturally-responsive stories can make learning experiences more personal, engaging and effective, especially in countries categorized as “high-context” cultures. In high-context cultures, people tend to be contemplative. In other words, they take everything in. Communication in these cultures takes into account more than just what is said. People also pay close attention to interpersonal relationships, nonverbal expressions, physical settings and social settings. It becomes increasingly important to adjust the approach with this nuance in mind when working with simple mobile phones that offer only audio for cultures that rely heavily on social settings for in-person communication. Devising creative strategies makes it possible to substitute what would be accomplished by in-person interactions. Through the last decade, our experts at Viamo have successfully implemented some proven ways of doing this by developing mobile-first solutions that have become dynamic information-sharing strategies, especially for social behavior change. Our work in the high-context cultures, particularly Haiti, incorporates the following six practices that have consistently helped us achieve these goals. Lesson 1: Engage the target audience. One of the easiest ways to ensure that the storytelling process is relatable, useful and impactul to the target audience is having them participate in the content creation and validation process. In collaboration with the Canadian Association of Midwives and their local partner, the Haitian Association of Midwives, Viamo developed a multi-layered digital intervention for pregnant women, mothers and their families. In addition to an information line with more than 50 key messages on sexual reproductive health, Viamo’s Digital Campaign service included a call center with midwives, a two-year push Digital Campaign for pre- and post-natal mothers, and an eight-week Digital Training for birthing matrons. The project was designed to fill gaps in the health system where most mothers do not have regular access to health care. Mothers were included as part of the process in order to test and finalize the messaging. Content testing was conducted with a cohort of pregnant women of similar age, access and resource profiles. A variety of messages were read to them, and they were asked what they understood, what was missing and what information they needed. One participant noted lack of comprehension of wording used for menstrual cycles, another noted difficulty grasping the concept of long-term planning. Language, positioning statements and communication standards for the call center were therefore significantly influenced by their input. Workshopping content in Haiti Lesson 2: Learn and incorporate existing culturally stylistic storytelling techniques. A question we always ask is, “How can we leverage the ways that people communicate regularly in a particular culture? ” The COVID-19 pandemic presented an opportunity to share critical information with underserved populations. Viamo partnered with Mercy Corps, Catholic Relief Services, Christian Aid and Humanity and Inclusion to share messages that promote context-appropriate, inclusive self-care behaviors and protective measures. We leveraged Krik Krak, a type of call and response storytelling integral to Haitian culture that creates a shared dialogue of cause and effect. The campaign – which included gaming – had Krik Krak messages voiced by an influential public personality in Haiti named Kako. The messaging addressed the issues of violence towards marginalized groups, such as women or those with disabilities, and dispeled false rumors about the COVID-19 pandemic. By providing these important messages in an educational and entertaining way, and having them voiced by the trusted voices of local celebrity spokespeople, Viamo connected with a larger portion of the population in a form true to their culture. Callers were also able to confront and identify misinformation about COVID-19 within Haiti and understand the facts needed to ease the fear and confusion felt by many. The messages emphasized why those with COVID-19 need not be targeted or stigmatized. More than 71,000 people listened to one million messages, and 99 percent of people completed the Krik Krak games. Considerable behavior change was noted from avid users who were surveyed after listening to the games. “Yes, I have heard that the disease can kill me, and I don’t think I [could] die from it,” said one Haitian user surveyed. “I have a problem with that. But when I started listening to the [phone] line, I had a better understanding. ” Lesson 3: Develop relatable characters. Our experience shows that the more relatable the characters, the more likely we’ll have engaged listenership – particularly in high context cultures. Because Haiti lies at the nexus of the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, it is very prone to tropical storms, increasingly so with the effects of climate change. In urban settings such as the capital, poor drainage and narrow roads pose their own challenges. As part of Mercy Corps’ CHANTER URBAN (“to sing” in French) project, we provided the Digital Campaign service featuring a telephonic drama tackling these issues. A typical community of people was portrayed in the drama series, all with similar profiles, names and relatability to the target audience. Characters in the series tackled the processes for pre-, during, and post-hurricane season. They created hurricane plans, identified evacuation shelters, understood the government colored system for alerts and learned how to storm-proof their homes. The campaign was distributed over six months and delivered to more than 10,000 people. Dramas achieved up to 92% completion rates. Baseline and post-implementation tests showed that in some subjects, there was a change in knowledge and behavior of up to 20%, a considerable amount for a short campaign period. Lesson 4: Use regionally appropriate words for complex topics. CHANTER RURAL – a sister project to CHANTER URBAN – addressed a similar problem in the rural southern peninsula of Haiti. Viamo delivered our Digital Campaign service incorporating livelihood-specific messages for agriculture workers like farmers and fisherfolk. The dialect used was chosen based on regionally-specific colloquialisms regarding natural phenomena like tornadoes, tsunamis and landslides. These were well-researched to determine appropriate reception from local audiences. This was important because it was critical for this particular group of people to deeply identify with the character for maximum behavior change. This particular region is prone to these kinds of shocks, and sometimes advice from outside the community is dismissed as irrelevant. Having a character that uses the same verbiage helps bridge connection. With this tactic, Viamo’s Digital Campaign service reached 16,000 people with more than 100,000 messages during two rainy seasons. Lesson 5: Develop relatable characters. In some cases, the user might be the most knowledgeable. In 2021, Viamo partnered with Zanmi Lasante (Partners in Health- Haiti division) in a project funded by the German Development Agency (GIZ) to launch the Digital Training service for community health and medical workers. We developed six multi-modulated trainings, each hosted by an expert persona modeled off of the learners. For example, Dr. Conscious – a fictional doctor working at a teaching hospital in the center of the Central Plateau in Haiti with 12 years of experience – delivered nine modules to doctors and nurses. He was a doctor with real-world experience operating in a healthcare system that contrasts with traditional medicine and a hesitancy to trust institutional medicine during the COVID-19 era. Dr. Conscious brought a real-world perspective to care management. She spoke to the trainees as a colleague, incorporating anecdotes about her residency when she first encountered these difficult challenges. The anecdotes and relatability provided important context and enriched the audio content and the delivery. As a result, 89% of learners said the training was “very useful,” with 88% stating they would recommend it to a colleague. Lesson 6: Combine correct accents with proper delivery. In order for effective storytelling to succeed, the profile, language and jargon must work together. But it is the delivery that seals the deal. Having the correct intonations and accents are necessary for building audience trust and increasing adoption of new learnings. In the Bahamas while executing Digital Training with Mercy Corps, we enlisted the help of a recording firm to pinpoint a specific Caribbean voice over accent to record lessons. Due to the specific geographic location of our project in Haiti’s northern part, we enlisted a local voice actor who voiced Jorel, who had a distinct Northern Haitian accent specific to this locality. The fictional character incorporated his curated life experiences with specific historical examples to enhance the narration. Connection and communication The intrinsic benefits of using culturally relevant storytelling are apparent, and the process above highlights some necessary but simple tactics to apply. The more your content is in tune with your audiences, the higher the chances for a successful communications campaign. Our Viamo Platform users also agree. “I changed how I was reacting,” said a Mercy Corps CHANTER RURAL participant. “When there is an earthquake, I learned to not hide under armoires or under the table, not to run. I’m able to live a better life. And it’s useful. Before, when there was a cyclone or an earthquake, I used to run. In this last one, I already knew what to do. ” About the Author Régine Théodat is the Haiti country manager for Viamo. She has more than 12 years experience working and implementing in the Caribbean: in Haiti, the Dominican Republic and Bahamas. She has worked in rural settings for more than half of her career.

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Using the Idea of Mathematical Proof to Teach Argument Structure Hamline University School of Law January 1, 2006 Perspectives: Teaching and Legal Research and Writing, Vol. 15, No. 1, p. 50, Fall 2006 Most legal writing textbooks explain that in the “A” section of the IRAC (Issue, Rule, Application, Conclusion) paradigm, the analysis or argument section, the writer should apply the law to the facts and draw a conclusion. Students are usually advised to do this in a step-by-step manner. But some students need more explicit guidance about what this means and how to actually structure a law-to-facts application on the page in a way that meets the expectations of a legal reader. This article looks at how legal writing is in some ways more comparable to mathematical writing than literary writing. Consequently, drawing on the idea of mathematical proof can help students understand how to structure an argument. Number of Pages in PDF File: 4 Keywords: Mathematical proof, argument structure, geometric proof paradigm, math, IRAC, legal writing Date posted: November 8, 2011 © 2016 Social Science Electronic Publishing, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This page was processed by apollobot1 in 0. 234 seconds

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1. "Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit of Climate Change in Nunavut 2005" (pdf) is "a study of the Inuit knowledge on climate change was conducted with the residents of Baker Lake and Arviat, Nunavut." - "The study was completed under contract to the Government of Nunavut, Department of Environment, Environmental Protection Division to aid in the development of a Nunavut Climate Change Strategy." - "The experiences of the community were recorded during semi-directed interviews, workshops and radio phone-in programs. - "The resulting data reveals that within the last decade the residents of Baker Lake and Arviat have experienced" a wide variety of environmental changes. 2. The pdf does the following: - Introduces Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit - Lays out its study methodology, which "consisted of of six components: literature review; compilation of a glossary; semi-directed interviews; a community workshop; community radio phone-in show; and analysis" - Does a literature review of "English-language social science literature . . . back to 1993 to identify studies of Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) and environmental change, internationally. " - Presents detailed findings pertaining to seasons; weather, temperature; winds, storms and skies; snow; rain; sea ice; freshwater ice; rivers and lakes; vegetation and land; wildlife; and health. - Includes a glossary of climate-change related "terms from the scientific study of climate change, and Inuktitut terminology used by Elders during interviews, workshops and radio shows. " 3. See also - "For Educators" (many of the resources and activities are aimed at younger students but they provide useful basic information and can be easily adapted for higher level use as well)

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President Ronald Reagan Clipart | Did you know. . . Ronald Reagan was the 40th President of the United States. He served from 1981-1989. Ronald Reagan was a republican from California. Prior to becoming president, he served as Governor of California. Ronald Reagan also was an actor and president of the screen actor's guild during his life. Some of the things President Reagan will be remembered for are his optimism, cutting taxes, limiting the growth of federal spending, the end of the cold war, and the assassination attempt on his life. Notable Historic Events.. . take a walk through history. See what happened on your birthday. Fun and educational. U.S. States Clipart . . . travel around the United States of America viewing the clipart and images from the 50 States. Coloring Pages.. . print PDF pages to color with fun facts for children. Card Ideas.. . Ideas for text for special occasion greeting cards. Icons.. . small sized clipart for mailing labels and other projects. More Frugal Living All Things Clipart.. . A fun learning site with lots of free clipart Fort Frugal.. . frugal living help to make life easier and more secure Frugal Quilting.. . how to make quilting a frugal and fun hobby. Scrappy Quilting.. . how to make beautiful, budget scrappy quilts.

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Devil's cousin: Carnivore capable of 'slicing up' animals 5mn yrs ago identified in Australia In contrast to the Tasmanian devil, which is the size of a small dog, the now-extinct beast is thought to have weighed approximately 25 kilograms (55lb). “W. tomnpatrichorum had very powerful teeth capable of killing and slicing up the largest animals of its day,” the study's lead author, Professor Mike Archer of the University of New South Wales (UNSW), said in a press release. Scientists said the Whollydooleya is the first creature to be formally identified from a range of “strange new animals” whose remains were unearthed at a fossil site dubbed 'New Riversleigh' in Queensland. Researchers embarked on the site in 2013, just one year after it was discovered. “New Riversleigh is producing the remains of a bevy of strange new small- to medium-sized creatures, with Whollydooleya tomnpatrichorum the first one to be described,” Professor Archer said. “These new discoveries are starting to fill in a large hole in our understanding about how Australia’s land animals transformed from being small denizens of its ancient wet forests to huge survivors on the second most arid continent on Earth,” he added. “Although Whollydooleya terrorized the drying forests around 5 million years ago, its own days were numbered,” said Archer. “While it was at least distantly related to living and recently living carnivorous marsupials such as Devils, Thylacines and Quolls, it appears to have represented a distinctive subgroup of hypercarnivores that did not survive into the modern world," he said, adding that "climate change can be a merciless eliminator of the mightiest of mammals. " Australia began to dry out during the late Miocene period, between about 12 and five million years ago. Scientists say it's one of the "most mysterious and least understood" periods in the continent’s past. Early relatives of present-day animals, like kangaroos, koalas, crocodiles and lizards, began to evolve, and some of the large marsupials developed trunks. However, due to increasing aridity, fossils of land animals from this period are very rare. Dr. Karen Black, a UNSW postdoctoral researcher in paleontology, said the small- to medium-size mammals from the New Riversleigh deposits "will reveal a great deal about how Australia’s inland environments and animals changed between 12 and 5 million years ago – a critical time when increasing dryness ultimately led to the Ice Ages of the Pleistocene.”

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Guru, a Hindi term loosely translated as teacher, because Guru is more than a teacher, has a special place in our Vaidik culture. Now-a-days, those Guru have vanished and they have been replaced by modern teachers (Adhyaapak in Hindi). What is the difference between a Guru and a teacher? 1. The very first difference is that before Guru used to be only one, but today the teachers are many. 2. Guru's students were called disciples, while teachers' students are called students 3. Disciples were very much dedicated to their Guru, but today students have no responsibility towards their teachers 4. Guru and his wife were like parents to the disciple, while teachers are just teachers for the student. Today they are teaching them, and when they are not teaching them, they are nothing to them. 5. In olden days a person was identified by his Guru for his whole life, but today by the time a person has finished his education, he forgets his old teachers. 6. In those days disciple went to Guru's house to study, lived there until their education was finished. It was called Gurukul and Guru's wife used to take care of them there. They lived there with certain discipline. This was their Brahmcharya Aashram 7. They did not pay fees like today, monthly or whatever. They paid it only when they had finished their education and that also whatever Guru asked them to pay. Only disciple had to pay it, not his parents. We have a few notable disciples whose dedication to their Guru is very well known -- There was a Rishi named Dhaumya who had three disciples in his Gurukul - Aaruni from Paanchaal country, Upamanyu, and Ved. All these three disciples were very faithfully dedicated to their Guru. Once a wall broke and water started coming in the farm. If it was not stopped soon it could have spoiled the crop. So Guru Jee asked Aaruni to go there and stop that water from coming in the field. So Aaruni went there and tried his best to stop the water, but he did not succeed in stopping the water anyhow. He found only one way to stop it that he himself should lie down against the wall from where the water was breaking in. So he himself lay down there and he succeeded in stopping it. After a while he tried to get up from there, but the water again broke it up, so he lay down there only. When Guru Jee didn't see Aaruni for some time, he remembered him and asked his other disciples where was Aaruni. They said - "Guru Jee, You yourself have sent him to stop the water in the field. " Guru Jee remembered it and said - "Yes, I sent him there. But he should have come back by now. Where is he? " Everybody showed his ignorance about him. Since it was evening now, he himself went to that field with his other disciples and called him in a loud voice - "Aaruni, Where are you? " Aaruni also spoke loudly - "Guru Jee, I am here, lying here to stop the water. " Guru Jee reached there and saw Aaruni lying there along the wall - and the water was stopped. Aaruni further spoke - "I could not stop it by any other means so I myself lay down here to stop it. It is only after hearing your voice that I stood up. Now tell me what should I do? " Guru Jee said - "Since by getting up you have opened the water course, you will now be known as Uddaalak and since you have obeyed me, you will get a good fortune. All Ved and Dharm Shaastra will automatically shine in your heart. " Aaruni went away from there and became a very learned Maharshi. He is the same Uddaalak who had two sons - Shwetketu and Nachiketaa. His sons' names come in several Upanishad. Dhaumya Rishi's another disciple was Ved. When Ved completed his studies, he wanted to lead domestic life, so he asked his Guru's permission to leave the Gurukul. His Guru said - "Son, Serve your Guru for some more time, it will be good for you. " Ved stayed back without any argument and served his Guru tolerating everything without a murmur. One day he was rolling his fingers in his hair that a hair got plucked and came out in his hand. He saw it was gray. Then he knew that he had become old serving his Guru. He went to Guru and again asked his permission to go home saying - "I have grown old now, who is going to marry me? " Guru consoled him and made him young. Thus after a long time Guru was satisfied. As a result of this satisfaction he also got a good fortune and universal knowledge. This was Ved's trial. He then came back to his home and started leading his family life. While living in family, he also had three disciples. He never told them to do any work for him because he himself suffered a lot in his Guru's house. Dhaumya Rishi's third disciple was Upamanyu. Once Guru Jee called Upamanyu and assigned him some cows to take care of. He started taking them to graze in the morning and bring them back in the evening. After a while, Muni asked - "How do you support yourself? You look quite healthy. " Upamanyu said politely - "Guru Jee, I live upon the milk of these cows. " Guru Jee said - "Son, It is not appropriate to drink milk of these cows without my permission. " "Yes Guru Jee." and he went away to tend the cows. After a while, Guru Jee again called him and when he came back and stood before his Guru Jee, Guru Jee observed that he was still healthy. He again asked him - "Upamanyu, You don't eat anything from alms, nor you go for alms second time, nor you are drinking milk of these cows, still you are healthy. How do you support yourself now? " Upamanyu said - "I sip the froth these calves throw out of their mouth while sucking their mother's teats. " Guru Jee said - "These calves must be throwing much froth for you out of generosity. Don't you think that by doing this you should be sharing their full meal? It is unlawful for you to drink the froth like this. " And Upamanyu accepting his mistake again went away to tend the cows. Now he didn't have anything to eat - no alms, no milk, no froth. Once, out of hunger, Upamanyu ate Aak leaves (by eating these leaves one becomes blind) and became blind. As he was walking around, he fell into a pit, thus could not return home that evening. When Guru Jee did not see him in the evening, he got worried about him. He had restrained him from eating everything, so he didn't know how he would be. Thinking thus, he himself went in search of him. He called out in the forest - "O Upamanyu, Where are you? " Upamanyu replied - "I am here in this well. I ate Aak leaves, so I became blind and fell in this well. " Guru Jee said - "Pray Ashwinee Kumaar, they will restore your sight. " And Upamanyu prayed them. Ashwinee Kumaar appeared before him and gave him a cake to eat. Upamanyu said - "You have said correctly, but I cannot take this cake without first offering to my Guru Jee." Ashwinee Kumaar said to him - "Once before your Guru invoked us and we gave a cake to him too, but he had eaten it without offering to his Guru. You also do the same what your Guru did. " Upamanyu said - "I beg your pardon, but I cannot take this cake without offering to him first. " Ashwinee Kumaar got very pleased with him and said to him - "We are very pleased with you. Your Guru's teeth are of black iron, but your teeth will be of gold. Your eyes will be all right and you will have good fortune. " He got his sight back, came out of the well, and greeted Guru Jee. Guru Jee also blessed him with the knowledge of Ved and all Dharm Shaastra. Continued.. . Guru Dakshinaa

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Plastic PVC Welding is a method of fabrication used to fuse plastic parts together. The process works by heating parts of each piece until they soften or liquefy. When the plastics cool, a chemicalbond is formed between them that fuses the pieces together. A thermoplastic welding rod is commonly used to act as glue between the two pieces. Several methods of plastic welding are employed for different purposes. They vary according to the type of welding equipment and welding supplies used. The base material the plastic component is made of also affects the method used for plastic welding. Thermoplastics are generally preferred because of their ability to be repeatedly melted and re-solidified. Hot gas welding uses a jet of heated air to weld the plastic. The hot air softens and melts the plastic to allow the pieces to fuse. A heat gun designed for this technique guides the airflow for better precision. Welding rods, usually made of the same material as the two base plastics, fill the gap between the pieces. An airless welder heats the welding rod through a heating machine or process. This method helps prevent excessive materials from the rod from accumulating and the base materials from warping. Airless welding is particularly useful for welding thermosets. These are plastics that do not easily melt when exposed to high heat. Plastic Radio Frequency Welding Machine are used to join thermoplastic materials together. The tool brings the plastic material up to its specific weld temperature and then joins the pieces under pressure. In selecting the best plastic welder, it is important to know the different types of plastic welders as each type of plastic requires a different joining method. Some welders are self-contained and easily portable; others require an air or gas source and are stationary units. Types of plastic welders include hand-held “stick” welders, airless welders, extrusion welders, and injection welders. Knowing the application and the material to be joined is the first step to selecting the best plastic welder for the job.

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Mercury Pollution Prevention Mercury is toxic to humans. The most common route of mercury exposure in humans is eating fish contaminated by methylmercury, according to the federal Centers for Disease Control. People can be exposed to mercury through its historical use in equipment and other products. Preventing exposure to mercury requires the shared efforts of government, businesses, and individuals. What DEQ is Doing to Prevent Mercury Pollution - Hazardous Waste Regulation: Every business in Idaho is required to track the volume of wastes generated, determine whether or not each is hazardous, and ensure that all wastes are properly disposed of according to federal, state, and local requirements. As the state agency delegated responsibility for administering the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act in Idaho, DEQ works closely with businesses to ensure that hazardous wastes, including mercury, are transported, stored, and disposed of safely. - Best Management Practices for Mercury-Containing Equipment at Public Drinking Water Systems: As the state agency delegated responsibility for administering the federal Safe Drinking Water Act in Idaho, DEQ works closely with local public health districts and public drinking water systems to ensure that the water we drink is free of contaminants including mercury. In 2003–2004, DEQ conducted an evaluation of equipment used by public drinking water systems in Idaho to identify mercury-containing equipment, including electric switches, sensors, gauges, and meters, with a potential to contaminate drinking water. A technical guide was completed and is available to provide system operators with best management practices to prevent mercury-containing equipment from contaminating drinking water. - National Vehicle Mercury Switch Replacement Program: DEQ participates in the National Vehicle Mercury Switch Replacement Program. Idaho auto recyclers and salvage yards have been invited to voluntarily participate in this program to remove mercury switches from vehicles before the vehicles are crushed and recycled. The End of Life Vehicle Solutions Corporation implements this program. For information or to participate in this program, contact Matt Alvarado at (208) 373-0554 or firstname. lastname@example. org. - School Labs Chemical Management and Cleanup Project: In a study conducted by DEQ in 2003–2004, it was revealed that a number of schools in Idaho have amassed large stockpiles of hazardous products on school grounds and lack knowledge of secure management and safe disposal procedures for hazardous chemicals and waste. Mercury was among the hazardous materials discovered at some school labs. DEQ's Chemical Roundup Program was developed to assist schools in understanding and implementing best practices for managing and disposing of their hazardous chemicals and wastes, including mercury. - Public Education and Outreach: DEQ is working to increase public awareness of risks associated with mercury exposure and ways to reduce releases of mercury into the environment. What You Can Do to Prevent Mercury Pollution Here are some things you can do to help reduce the threat mercury poses to our environment and health: - Choose products that do not contain mercury. Look for digital thermometers and electronic thermostats. - Ask your dentist to use mercury-free composites for any dental work and inquire if your insurance company will pay for the mercury-free materials (if not, speak with your employer or insurance company). - Ask your local pharmacy or hardware store to consider phasing-out the sale of mercury-containing products. Discard products safely. - Separate mercury-containing products, such as electronic equipment with monitors (including televisions), fluorescent lighting, thermometers, thermostats, old paint (pre-1991), and batteries (pre-1995) from regular garbage. - Do not remove mercury switches from products, such as thermostats; it is safer to keep or recycle the product when it is intact. - Take any mercury-containing products that you have collected to your local hazardous waste collection facility. Be careful that mercury thermometers are well protected from breakage. Call your local municipality for information on where to bring mercury-containing waste or link to DEQ's online Recycling Directory to find a collection site near you. - Mercury thermostats can be recycled for free at locations throughout Idaho. Search by zip code on the Thermostat Recycling Corporation's website for the recycling site nearest you. - Turn the heat back and use air conditioning only when necessary. An electronic programmable thermostat can help do this for you. Burning less coal and oil (that naturally contain mercury) for electricity will emit less mercury into the environment. - Purchase only energy-efficient products, such as compact fluorescent lights (instead of incandescent bulbs). Although fluorescents contain a small amount of mercury, they will help reduce energy use and related pollution. Ensure that spent fluorescent bulbs are recycled through a household hazardous waste facility. - Ensure your home is properly sealed and well insulated. Avoid exposure to mercury at home, school, and work. - Never play or let your children play with liquid mercury. - Never use an ordinary vacuum cleaner to clean up mercury. The vacuum cleaner will release mercury vapor into the air and increase exposure. The vacuum cleaner will also be contaminated and have to be thrown away. - Never use a broom to clean up mercury. It will break the mercury into smaller droplets and spread them. - Never pour mercury down a drain. It may cause plumbing problems and cause pollution of the septic tank or sewage treatment plant. - Never wash mercury-contaminated items in a washing machine. Mercury may contaminate the machine and/or pollute sewage. - Never walk around if your shoes might be contaminated with mercury. Contaminated clothing can also spread mercury around.

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In many districts across the U.S., thinking around seat time has evolved as a result of COVID-19. “The pandemic, although extremely difficult, has provided an amazing opportunity for us to think about education differently, specifically around items like seat time, or access to technology,” says Dr. Daniel Bittman superintendent of ISD 728 (opens in new tab) in Minnesota. That means focusing more on mastery of learning objectives rather than on how long a student is synchronously in class, whether online or in-person. Embracing this mindset has allowed the learners in Bittman’s district to be met wherever they're at, and to really excel. “Our students who have done extremely well are able to embrace that technology and to explore things that they may not have been able to do previously,” Bittman says. “Our students who have struggled have been given more opportunities and more time to do that with less distractions. ” Thanks to the pandemic, most states have relaxed policies requiring students to complete a certain amount of in-person school days to complete the school year. Many of these policies are temporary, though a growing number of educators believe it is time to permanently revisit how we think about seat time. “COVID provided us with this clear evidence that time is an inappropriate measure for learning,” says Susan Patrick, president and chief executive officer of Aurora Institute (opens in new tab), which advocates for competency based-learning. “States are grappling with how to determine attendance and award credit. And if we were determining attendance, and awarding credit, based on student engagement, students developing work products, by students showing us their learning, we would be in a much better place for teaching and learning. ” Seat time is often linked to school funding, which can be an obstacle to moving away from the practice in many states. Sixteen states use Average Daily Membership (ADM) (opens in new tab) as an alternative to seat time. “This means the policy for funding a school is based on the state department counting the students enrolled in a school or program and funding per student, not on seat time,” Patrick says. The Aurora Institute released a guidance (opens in new tab) for determining seat time alternatives during the pandemic. Seat Time Issues In 1994, the National Education Commission on Time and Learning released Prisoners of Time (opens in new tab), a report that called for U.S. educators to move away from a seat time-based learning model. The report noted, “For the past 150 years, American public schools have held time constant and let learning vary. ” More than two-and-a-half decades later, seat time remains a major component of education in most districts, however, some districts are starting to change. “We estimate that 6 percent of public school districts in the U.S. are trying to shift from seat time and traditional forms of learning to more competency-based pathways that are personalized,” Patrick says. “It's really time for our K through 12 educational system, and states and districts, to rethink how students earn credit. A measure of time does not translate into a measure of learning. ” When Patrick meets with educators from other parts of the world, they are consistently surprised by the important role seat time continues to play in U.S. education, she says. How To Rethink Seat Time The Kettle Moraine School District (opens in new tab) in Wisconsin began prioritizing personalized learning more than a decade ago. Currently, two of the district’s high schools are far along in their competency-based efforts and have waivers from the state’s seat time requirements. Dr. Theresa Ewald, assistant superintendent of teaching and learning for the district, advises school leaders exploring making similar changes to get comfortable outside their comfort zones. “If you're uncomfortable, you're doing the right work,” she says. “It's finding that sweet spot of uncomfortable. ” Ewald’s children attended the district’s schools, which has given her the chance to experience the advantages of mastery-based education not just as an educator but as a parent. “My daughter, who’s actually now a teacher, when she was in one of our high schools, she finished geometry in three or four months,” Ewald says. “Then she started her Algebra II credit and that took her 18 months. ” Ewald’s daughter was rewarded for her skill with geometry and was not penalized for taking longer to learn Algebra II on her transcript, but the importance of the experience went deeper than that, Ewald says. “It's a culture of her understanding that that's okay, like that's how life is, some stuff’s easy and some stuff’s not. That's a great lesson. If every high school kid leaves with that, that might be more important than Algebra II. ” Ewald adds, “The seat time requirement and traditional structure suggests kids come in as empty vessels. We know that's not true, and so let's honor what kids already know and not make them sit through the learning of something they already know. If you want to disengage a 15-year-old, that'll do it. ” - Standardized Tests Fail to Provide Evidence for Student Success (opens in new tab) - Is SAMR Dead? (opens in new tab) - PISA Report: A Growth Mindset Can Lead to Better Student Outcomes (opens in new tab)

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Photographic methods, or the art of taking photos, were originally produced in the 19th century. Daguerreotypes were photos fixed straight to silver-plated copper, as well as were originally just an interest. Nonetheless, Alfred Stieglitz, a member of the art neighborhood, believed that photography might be an art form. He consequently made a series of stunning photographs. The result was the creation of electronic photography. Photography, like art, has several elements as well as varies greatly in high quality. Discovering the rules of make-up in photography is critical to getting excellent photos. There are lots of factors to consider, from lighting to subject matter. If you want your photos to be attractive, utilize these concepts to make them so. Technique makes ideal, so do not hesitate to share your collaborate with loved ones, or sign up with a photography neighborhood on Facebook. Likewise, don’t be scared to get objection or feedback, as it will only make you far better at your craft. The shutter rate of a cam identifies the amount of light it allows right into the photo. A lengthy shutter rate exposes the sensor to much more light, while a slow shutter speed subjects the based on much less light. Lengthy shutter rates create even more vibrant photos. Short shutter speeds record less light and also develop a dull photo. Whether you’re trying to catch a minute in time or a significant landscape, shutter speed is a vital element. The aperture in a photo manages the quantity of light that enters the cam. A vast aperture is utilized by picture photographers to assist the visitor’s focus in the direction of the main part of the photograph. Subsequently, their profiles will consist of photos with “fanciful” tones. In comparison, a small aperture is utilized by landscape professional photographers to record the entire scene in enough sharpness. The aperture dial is likewise discovered on lots of higher-end cameras. Post-Production photography is the process through which raw aspects of a movie are modified. The original footage is fired on analog movie supply, as well as these aspects are manipulated to develop the finished work. They might replace every one of the original footage, or they may exist alone with additional connecting product. Despite the approach, post-production is the action in the film-making procedure where everything comes together. Provided listed below are a few of one of the most typical ways post-production is done. The way you utilize colours in your photography can narrate. You can produce moods and emotions by incorporating colours. Learn about the fundamental colour theory and also exactly how to integrate particular colours with your subject. Below are some ideas for using colours in your images. You can also use the colour wheel to make your pictures attract attention. However don’t neglect to experiment and damage the policies! You do not desire your photographs to look too boring or as well uninspiring! The initial step in taking a time-lapse photography job is to look your area ahead of time. You should take into consideration the lighting, subject framework, and also disruptions when establishing the best place. Keep in mind to load correct apparel, water, and treats throughout of your project. The outcome will be a flick that shows the steady adjustment thoroughly gradually. Noted below are some pointers for taking a time-lapse digital photography project. If you have any kind of questions relating to where and how you can utilize mouse click the up coming post, you could contact us at our own webpage. Fantastic recommendations in connection with the issues in this article, you might like:

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Table of Contents What is memorandum example? A memo (also known as a memorandum, or "reminder") is used for internal communications regarding procedures or official business within an organization. Unlike an email, a memo is a message you send to a large group of employees, like your entire department or everyone at the company. What is memorandum and types? Short for “memorandum,” a memo is a type of document used to communicate with others in the same organization. Memos (or memoranda) are typically used for fairly short messages of one page or less, but informal reports of several pages may also employ memo format. How do you write a memorandum for an office? Related Question What is an office memorandum give an example? What is in a memorandum? A memo consists of two parts: the identifying information at the top, and the message itself. At the top, identify for whom the memo has been written, who is sending it, the subject, and the date. The subject line serves as the memo's title. Most longer memos consist of an introduction, a discussion, and a conclusion. What are office memorandum How are they different from notices and circulars? Circulars are intended for mass distribution whereas memos are intended for a select few. Circulars often bear general announcements and have several subjects while memos often bear a limited subject matter. 3. Memos are more internal and exclusive in nature than circulars. What is meant by office order? Meaning of office order is an order issued by the employer or the authority or senior employees. Office order can be issued on any information like a shift in working hours or promotions or details of employee designation in projects. Officer order is a downward communication which carries a stamp of the company. How is a memorandum written? So, what is a memo? A memo, or memorandum, is one of the most common forms of business communication. You write “Memo” or “Memorandum” at the top, followed by a To line, a From line, a Date line, a Subject line, and then the actual body of the message. What is memorandum agreement? Memorandum of Agreement (MOA): An MOA is a document written between parties to cooperatively work together on an agreed upon project or meet an agreed upon objective. The purpose of an MOA is to have a written formal understanding of the agreement between parties. duration of agreement; and. What are the features of memorandum? The key features of a successful memo are as follows: How many types of MOU are there? A memorandum of understanding (MOU) is defined as an agreement between parties and can be bilateral (two) or multilateral (more than two parties). What is memorandum Slideshare? Memorandum A memo is less formal than a letter. It usually conveys one idea and is likely to be short. Effective memos are clearly written with the objective stated in the first sentence. Organization of the Memo Statement of Purpose Message Statement of Future Action. What is memorandum in technical writing? A memo in general, is written to effectively and efficiently review a task, project or experiment and act as a reminder of why a particular task was accomplished. The technical memorandum is attached outside of the front cover, before the title page of a formal report. What is an office memorandum What is the importance of the office memorandum issued in August 1990? The main purpose of the office memorandum passed on 13th August 1990 to determine the criteria to identify the socially and educationally backward classes of India and recommend the steps to be taken for their advancement. Why was the order dated 13th August 1990? 1. They felt that this was unfair as this order would deny opportunity of equality. 2. They would be denied of jobs even though they are more qualified than backward class people. Which events preceded the government order of 13 August 1990 9? Answer: The event which preceded are: The event of a declaration of 27% reservation to the socially and economically backward classes was the appointment of the Second Backward class commission. The Parliament of India comprises of two houses: Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha. What is office circular and office Order example? Office Order: - issued by competent authority. It need not be issued by competent authority but generally it is issued by officers or managers. Circulars are for specific purpose or event like meeting, or any other event. Notice: - A sign posted in a public place as an advertisement. What is an office note? Office notes are another form of internal communication popular within business organizations. Office notes are put up by sections, departments or units to the higher authorities, head of the unit, department or institution. What is the purpose of office order? These offices order carries out the communication about the change in the designation of the employee or suspension of a specific employee and granting of privileges, disciplinary proceedings. Sometimes office order is issued dealing with imposing restrictions.

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DAY, CHARLES DEWEY, lawyer, politician, judge, and educationalist; b. 6 May 1806 in Bennington, Vt, son of Ithmar Hubbell Day and Laura Dewey; m. first in 1830 Barbara Lyon, and they had three children; m. secondly in 1853 Maria Margaret, daughter of Benjamin Holmes*; d. 31 Jan. 1884 while visiting England. Charles Dewey Day’s father, “Capitain” Ithmar Day, probably worked with the North West Company before moving his family from Vermont to Montreal in 1812 to begin a retail business in drugs and provisions. Some time after 1828 he moved to Hull where he established a sawmill, fulling-mill, and blacksmith shop. His eldest son, Charles Dewey, was educated in Montreal and, after studying law for five years under Samuel Gale*, was admitted to the Lower Canadian bar on 25 May 1827. Although Day maintained offices in Montreal, he was most active in the Ottawa valley where he acted as counsel for such timber barons as Ruggles and Philemon Wright*. On 4 Jan. 1838 Day was appointed qc. Day’s growing political prominence may explain his rapid professional advancement. He had begun his political career in April 1834 by publicly protesting the House of Assembly’s endorsement of Louis-Joseph Papineau*’s 92 Resolutions. Papineau’s opponents soon formed constitutional associations and Day became a prominent spokesman in the one at Montreal. At the Montreal Constitutionalists’ initial meeting Day was not only placed on the committee of correspondence, but was chosen to second Augustin Cuvillier*’s resolution endorsing “the continuance of the existing connection between the United Kingdom and this Province.” The commercial bias of Day’s political philosophy is clearly revealed in the speech he gave on this occasion. After condemning the “band of mad revolutionalists” desirous of starting a Canadian civil war, he adamantly defended the continuance of British immigration to Canada and the reputation of the British American Land Company, which the Patriotes had attacked. Subsequently he was among those who favoured the abolition of feudal tenure, equal sharing of the clergy reserves among Protestant denominations, and the establishment of an office of land registry. In 1836 he won a closely contested election to serve as a delegate to a convention called to petition the king and parliament on the state of politics in Lower Canada. The outbreak of rebellion accelerated Day’s political ascendancy. In 1838 he was appointed deputy judge advocate to preside over the trials of Patriote prisoners, and in May 1840 he entered the appointed Special Council as solicitor general, taking the place of the late Andrew Stuart*. Given Day’s long-standing commitment to a legislative union of Upper and Lower Canada, it is not surprising that Governor General Lord Sydenham [Thomson*] invited Day to continue as solicitor general in the Executive Council constituted to carry union. In the subsequent general election held early in 1841 Day successfully contested the Ottawa constituency, a contest which cost his election committee, composed of timber men like Ruggles Wright, some £1,580. But Day’s Tory past proved obnoxious to the Reform members of Sydenham’s coalition cabinet and in February 1841 Robert Baldwin* demanded Day’s resignation as a condition of his group’s support of Sydenham’s government. In the end Baldwin, not Day, left the cabinet. Yet Day’s victory proved short-lived. On 28 June 1842 Governor General Sir Charles Bagot*, in an effort to make his Executive Council more representative of the will of the lower house, named Day to the Court of Queen’s Bench. Out of office, Day’s differences with the Reform party were soon resolved. On 1 Jan. 1850 he was raised to puisne judge of the Superior Court by the Reform government of Baldwin and Louis-Hippolyte La Fontaine* and in the mid 1850s he became a strong supporter of the prominent Liberal, John Young*, and of his schemes to improve transportation facilities on Lac Saint-Pierre. As a judge, one of Day’s most exacting tasks was to help untangle the complex claims created by the abolition of seigneurial tenure in 1854 [see Lewis Thomas Drummond]. In 1859 the Conservative government of George-Étienne Cartier* and John A. Macdonald* named Day to the commission to codify the civil law of Lower Canada, a task which he shared with Augustin-Norbert Morin* and René-Édouard Caron* and which occupied the next six years of his life. Accepting particular responsibility for drafting sections of the code relating to commercial matters, Day accomplished for the commission what probably constitutes his most significant legal contribution. In 1865 he was appointed to a commission to determine the amount of government subsidy to be paid railway companies carrying the provincial post, and in that same year became the Hudson’s Bay Company’s attorney in a lengthy case in which the company pressed claims against the United States government arising out of the Oregon treaties of 1846 and 1863. Meanwhile, in 1868 Day became the province of Quebec’s arbitrator to divide and adjust “the credits, liabilities, properties and assets” resulting from the former union of the two Canadas. Finally in 1873 John A. Macdonald appointed Day to the royal commission to report on Lucius Seth Huntington’s charges of corruption against the Conservative government for its handling of the proposed Canadian Pacific Railway charter. Apart from law and politics, Day’s principal interest was education. In 1836 he had joined the executive of a small Montreal committee to improve provincial education, which counted among its members many who would become Patriote leaders. In 1841, as solicitor general, he introduced a bill to establish and maintain government-assisted common schools in the united province along the lines first suggested in the Durham Report. One of the original incorporators of the Advocates’ Library and Law Institute of Montreal, he served as its president in 1847–48. He also helped organize the Montreal meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in August 1859. In 1869 Day was named to the Quebec Council of Public Instruction and served as chairman of its Protestant committee from 1869 to 1875; in the following year he was reappointed to the reconstituted council. Even his tenure as vice-president of the Anglican Church Society from 1842 to 1852 may have been motivated by that society’s educational objectives. But Day’s most important educational work was with the Royal Institution for the Advancement of Learning, the provincial body responsible for higher education. A member of the institution’s board of governors, he served as its president from 1852 to 1884, and as principal pro tempore of McGill College from 1853 to 1855 and chancellor of the university from 1864 to 1884. With Christopher Dunkin he engrafted the faculty of law onto McGill in 1848, and affiliated to it as well the High School of Montreal, the McGill Normal School (Montreal), St Francis College (Richmond), and Morrin College (Quebec). It was Day, too, who in 1852 insisted on amending the Royal Institution’s statutes, thereby ending the old antagonism between it and McGill College’s directors [see John Bethune*]. Day pressed for the inclusion of science and modern literature in the curriculum and was responsible for the selection in 1855 of McGill’s most distinguished principal, John William Dawson*, who established the university’s academic reputation. Not only was Day the architect of McGill’s mid-century revival, but he also guided it through numerous legal and political difficulties. At his death in 1884 the university’s board of governors declared that McGill’s “progress and present prosperity in a great measure are due to his eminent ability and wise counsel. ” ANQ-M, État civil, Presbytériens, St Andrew’s Church (Montreal), 1830–36; Unitariens, Messiah Unitarian Church (Montreal), 1853; Minutiers, G. D. Arnoldi, 1828–36. McGill Univ. Arch., Minutes of the board of governors, 1848–84. PAC, MG 24, D8. The Arthur papers; being the Canadian papers mainly confidential, private, and demi-official of Sir George Arthur, K.C.H., last lieutenant-governor of Upper Canada, in the manuscript collection of the Toronto Public Libraries, ed. C. R. Sanderson (3v. , Toronto, 1957–59). Can., Prov. of, Legislative Assembly, Journals, 1841–45. Church of England, Church Soc. of the Diocese of Quebec, Annual report (Quebec), 1843–52. [C. E. P. Thomson], Letters from Lord Sydenham, governor general of Canada, 1839–1841, to Lord John Russell, ed. Paul Knapland (London, 1931). Bytown Gazette [Ottawa], February 1836–September 1837. Canadian Courant and Montreal Advertiser, 13 Aug. 1814–15 April 1816. Gazette (Montreal), January–May 1834, April–July 1836, January–March 1884. An alphabetical list of the merchants, traders, and housekeepers, residing in Montreal; to which is prefixed, a descriptive sketch of the town, comp. Thomas Doige (Montreal, 1819). F.-J. Audet, “Commissions d’avocats de la province de Québec, 1765 à 1849,” BRH, 39 (1933): 584. Canada, an encyclopædia (Hopkins). [G. E. Day], A genealogical register of the descendants in the male line of Robert Day . . . (2nd ed. , Northampton, Mass., 1848). J. Desjardins, Guide parl. Montreal directory, 1842–59. Notman and Taylor, Portraits of British Americans. Political appointments, 1841–65 (J.-O. Coté). P.-G. Roy, Les juges de la prov. de Québec. Atherton, Montreal, I–II. N. F. Davin, The Irishman in Canada (London and Toronto, 1877). Dent, Last forty years. R. S. Longley, Sir Francis Hincks; a study of Canadian politics, railways, and finance in the nineteenth century (Toronto, 1943). C. W. New, Lord Durham; a biography of John George Lambton, first Earl of Durham (Oxford, 1929). Rich, History of HBC, II. L.-P. Audet, “La surintendance de l’éducation et la loi scolaire de 1841,” Cahiers des Dix, 25 (1960): 147–69. J. E. C. Brierley, “Quebec’s civil law codification; viewed and reviewed,” McGill Law Journal (Montreal), 14 (1968): 521–89. Olivier Maurault, “Louis-Hippolyte La Fontaine à travers ses lettres à Amable Berthelot,” Cahiers des Dix, 19 (1954): 129–60. Maréchal Nantel, “En marge d’un centenaire,” Cahiers des Dix, 17 (1952): 233–44.

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Articles related to exercises and quizzes Exercises and Quizzes - Grammar and Composition - About.com Here you will find (1) tests and exercises that offer additional practice in correctly and effectively building sentences and paragraphs, and (2) reading quizzes . . . Punctuation Exercises - Applying the Rules of Punctuation These exercises offer practice in applying the rules of punctuation. . . . The five questions in this mini-quiz will give you an opportunity to review some of the basic . . . German Games and Quizzes - German Language - About.com Most of our games, quizzes, and exercises are self-scoring. You can see your score immediately after entering your answers. In addition, for most of our games . . . Exercise Quiz: What's Your Fitness Personality? Find out about your . . . This quiz helps you figure out which activities you'll enjoy the most to help you . . . If you're getting started with an exercise program, it may be tough to figure out . . . French Tests and Quizzes - French About.com This automatic-scoring quiz will ask up to 200 questions on 20 different confusing . . . Check your ability to understand spoken French with these exercises. Conditional Forms Quiz - English as 2nd Language - About.com Conditional forms quiz tests your knowledge of the first, second and third conditional forms for real, unreal and imagined past situations. > Advanced Level Quizzes - English as 2nd Language - About.com Australia: Missing Word Quiz Fill in the missing word in this reading excerpt about Australia. This type of examination exercise is common to upper level English . . . Test yourself with these exercises, quizzes, and tests for German. Games, Quizzes, and Exercises A guide to all of our games, quizzes and exercises for German - from beginner to advanced, from grammar to culture. English Listening Exercises - Beginner ESL English EFL Level . . . English Listening Quizzes: A Survey - 2. You will hear a woman asking a man questions for a survey. Write down the answers to the questions she asks. You will . . . Games, Exercises, and Tests for German - German Language German learning games, exercises, quizzes, and tests. Practice and test your German in the areas of grammar, vocabulary, or culture.

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Twelve years ago, wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park after a 70 year absence due to over hunting (and outright slaughter). Beyond the pure principle of reintroduction, an added bonus was cutting the elk population in the area, and subsequently reducing the pressure on riparian Aspen saplings. Researchers at Oregon State have been following this trend for a while now, and just published a paper on the revitalization of the Aspen population in Yellowstone: The findings… show that a process called “the ecology of fear” is at work, a balance has been restored to an important natural ecosystem, and aspen trees are surviving elk browsing for the first time in decades. The research, done by forestry researchers at Oregon State University, supports theories about “trophic cascades” of ecological damage that can be caused when key predators — in this case, wolves — are removed from an ecosystem, and show that recovery is possible when the predators are returned. But is it this “ecology of fear”, the change in the elks’ behavior since the reintroduction of the wolves that’s allowing the Aspen saplings to grow, or is it the fact that the elk population has been cut by 50 percent? The OSU researchers say they believe there are two forces at work — both the lower populations of elk, and their changed behavior due to fear of wolves — but it’s difficult to determine exactly which force is the most significant. The researchers are obviously thrilled about the results. “When I first looked at these degraded ecosystems in the mid-1990s in Yellowstone, I had doubts we would ever be able to bring the aspen back,” said Robert Beschta, a professor emeritus of forestry at OSU and co-author on the study. “There were so many elk, and the stream ecosystems were in such poor shape. The level of recovery we’re seeing is very encouraging. ” Encouraging indeed. This study should provide more evidence that restoration of historic ecosystems is possible and that large, “top level” vertebrates like wolves are just as integral in a system than the basal organisms.

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Water harvesting façade panels Inspired by the drought in her native country South Africa, Netherlands-based designer Shaakira Jassat designed Aquatecture, façade panels designed to harvest rain water. In Cape Town, water became so scarce last year that a date was set when the city’s tap would be shut off. People quickly changed their behaviour, using less water, until ‘Day Zero’ was eventually postponed indefinitely. Since then, the droughts have eased up due some rains last year, but because of global warming, they are becoming more frequent throughout the country. Given the drought in Cape Town, Jassat envisioned a way for buildings to harvest rain water, thus providing for its habitants needs. Aquatecture, as the panel is called, is made of stainless steel thanks to its durability in wet conditions and its ability to withstand rust. Falling rainwater trickles over the open punctures of the panel, where the water is collected and transported down to a collection tank. It is then pumped back int the building’s grey water system for later use. Jasset started with patterns that could possibility collect the most water as well as be aesthetically pleasing. Prototypes were used with a shower of water flowing slowly over them to emulate rain as best as possible. Once tested, Jassat selected the most efficient design and modified it where necessary. “The water collecting efficiency, aesthetic appeal and compactness of the design were key factors in determining the final design,” Jassat says. “The main goal was to create a water harvester that would fit in dense urban spheres through its compactness, visual identity and ability to integrate into architecture. ” If integrated with technology, the panels would even be able to harvest moisture from the atmosphere. This would work with thermodynamics, cooling moist air to condense and harvest it. Photos: Angeline Swinkels / Ronald Smits

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and inanimate objects, ideas, facts, feelings, actions as so on, is a noun. When a noun indicates a person, animal or object that exists physically and may be perceived by the five senses, is defined concrete. A noun that defines an idea, a thought or a feeling is an abstract noun: cane, gatto, casa, albero are concrete nouns; amore, forza, fame are abstract nouns. A noun that indicates generally people, animals and objects and doesn’t identify with precision, are common nouns. A noun that indicates a specific person animal or object and distinguish them from others people, animals or objects are defined own nouns (its first letter is written capital):cane, gatto, persona are common nouns; Paolo, James and Jessica are own nouns. Nouns are words composed of two parts: the root (radice in Italian), which remains constant, and the ending (desinenza in Italian), which changes. We can easily recognize a noun by its ending, which indicates its gender (masculine or feminine) and its number (singular or plural). Generally nouns that ends in -o are masculine and nouns that ends in -a are feminine; the nouns that ends in -e generally are the same for masculine and feminine. It is not possible to have an accurate classification of nouns according to their ending, because there are so many exceptions, so we always recommend the use of a dictionary to be sure about the gender or the number of a noun. Anyway in Italian language (like all latin languages) we have three declinations:

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