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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Dr. Kary B. Mullis, Nobel Laureate and inventor of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test used to detect coronavirus said it couldn't be used for virus detection.\n\nQ1: Can a PCR detect the Coronavirus?\nA1: There are two types of tests that detect SARS-CoV-2’s genetic material, or RNA: PCR tests and isothermal amplification, or IA, tests. Because RNA is made up of nucleic acids, both PCR and IA tests are also called nucleic acid amplification technology, or NAAT, tests. PCR tests are considered the gold-standard of NAAT testing.\n\nQ2: How accurate is a PCR test in detecting Coronavirus?\nA2: RT-PCR tests are considered the gold standard for detecting many viruses, and a number of companies are making them. Researchers at the Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, a nonprofit research center in Geneva, tested five COVID-19 RT-PCR tests and found that all five achieved 100% sensitivity on positive samples, and at least 96% specificity on negative samples in a laboratory setting.",
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"content": "justification: Its obvious from the answers that the PCR test can be used for virus detection, so the claim is refuted. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Whole Foods stores do not accept cash payments.\n\nQ1: Do Whole Food stores accept cash payments?\nA1: Yes, because \"We still accept cash payments. Starting on April 20, (2020) some Whole Foods Market regions began designating “cash accepted” and “no cash accepted” lanes as an added safety measure and to make the checkout process easier for customers.",
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"content": "justification: Whole Food stores do still accept cash. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Leicester has gone back into lockdown soon after 5G coveage was rolled out there.\n\nQ1: In the EE network article published in November 2019, was Leicester one of the cities already covered by 5G network?\nA1: Yes, because EE has 5G in more places in the UK than other network, and is targeting 5G connectivity in 45 cities and large towns by the end of the year. Customers can enjoy 5G in the following cities and large towns today:\n\nCities:\n\nLondon\nEdinburgh\nBirmingham\nBelfast\nManchester\nCardiff\nBristol\nCoventry\nLeicester\nLiverpool\nGlasgow\nWolverhampton\n\nQ2: When did Leicester go into lockdown around the date of the claim?\nA2: On 29 June, the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care Matt Hancock set out the local action being taken in Leicester following a surge in coronavirus cases in the area.\n\nThis morning, the local councils set out the following areas of Leicestershire that are included in the localised lockdown:\n\nin Blaby District:\nBraunstone Town (including Fosse Park)\nGlenfield\nGlen Parva\nLeicester Forest East (east of the M1)\nThorpe Astley\nin Charnwood:\nBirstall\nThurmaston\nall areas of Oadby and Wigston",
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"content": "justification: Dates do not match.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Covid 19 symptoms and 5G are related.\n\nQ1: Is there a correlation between 5g coverage areas and Covid-19 cases?\nA1: No, because Unproven Conspiracy theories.\n\n5G is a radio wave and as scientifically proved, Covid-19 is a virus.",
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"content": "justification: The answer has a credible source that shows there are no links between the covid virus and 5G mobile so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The national security law will only target an extremely small minority of people who have breached the law, while the life and property, basic rights and freedoms of the overwhelming majority of Hong Kong residents will be protected.\n\nQ1: What is the law referred to in the claim?\nA1: The Law of the People’s Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region\n\nQ2: When was this law enacted?\nA2: 30/06/2020\n\nQ3: When was this law first violated?\nA3: 01/07/2020\nA man was arrested for holding a #HKIndependence flag in #CausewayBay, Hong Kong, violating the #NationalSecurityLaw. This is the first arrest made since the law has come into force.\n\nQ4: How many arrests were made under this law on 01/07/2020?\nA4: More than 300 people have been arrested in #HongKong so far for offences like unlawful assemblies, disorderly conduct in public places, furious driving, and breach of the #NationalSecurityLaw, which accounted for 9 arrests (5 males & 4 females).\n\nQ5: What measures can the HK Police take to implement the law?\nA5: According to the rules, police may be authorized to conduct searches for evidence without a warrant in “exceptional circumstances.” Police may also apply for a warrant that requires a person suspected of violating the national security law to surrender their travel documents, thus restricting them from leaving Hong Kong.\n\nQ6: Did any western countries react to the passing of this law?\nA6: The US Congress has approved a bill rebuking China over its crackdown in Hong Kong amid protests against a strict “national security” law that outlaws so-called subversive or terrorist acts, as well as collusion with foreign forces intervening in the city’s affairs\n\nQ7: Does the law contravene the right to freedom of speech?\nA7: A Government spokesman made the following solemn statement today (July 2): The slogan \"Liberate Hong Kong, the revolution of our times\" nowadays connotes \"Hong Kong independence\", or separating the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) from the People's Republic of China, altering the legal status of the HKSAR, or subverting the State power.\n\n The spokesman stated that the HKSAR Government strongly condemns any acts which challenge the sovereignty, unification and territorial integrity of the People's Republic of China. The Law of the People's Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region prohibits secession, subversion of state power and other acts and activities which endanger national security. The HKSAR Government calls upon members of the public not to defy the law.",
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"content": "justification: The Q&As do not verify the claim as stated. Two of the source answers are from Twitter accounts, without any further confirmation that the information is correct. And the last Q&A answer is unrelated to the question and the claim.\nHowever, the evidence presented does lean towards the fact that it is not correct that more than \"an extremely small minority of people who have breached the law\" would be targeted. Therefore a refuted claim label is chosen.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: US Congresswoman Maxine Waters of California introduced a bill, H.R. 2020, the Erasing Confederate History Act of 2020, to rename the 11 US states that originally made up the Confederacy.\n\nQ1: Did Rep. Maxine Waters of California introduce a bill, \"H.R. 2020, the Erasing Confederate History Act of 2020,\" to rename the 11 states that originally made up the Confederacy?\nA1: No, because Satire news.\n\nQ2: Where did the story originate?\nA2: WashingtonExterminator.com\n\nQ3: What is known about WashingtonExterminator.com?\nA3: satire - noun — the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues.\n\nThe Washington Exterminator is a satirical news website.",
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"content": "justification: The questions clearly show that this is satire and explain what and who the source is. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: An image purported to show a political billboard from the young arm of New Zealand National Party shows a culturally insensitive slogan towards Māoris.\n\nQ1: Where did the billboards originate from\nA1: The billboards were not put up by either the Young Nats or their political rivals, but by a team of professional wrestlers.\n\nQ2: Why were they put up\nA2: We’re doing a series of parody billboards in the lead up to promote this event. They were just playing on the negative perceptions that are out there of National being cold and out of touch",
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"content": "justification: The answer shows that the poster was not put up by the New Zealand National Party so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Charles Krauthammer wrote that former President Barack Obama’s non profit Organizing for Action, is the “shadow government organization aimed at resisting and tearing down the Constitutional Republic we know as America”.\n\nQ1: What has Charles Krauthammer said about Obama's non-profit organisation 'Organizing for Action'?\nA1: There is no evidence that Charles Krauthammer wrote anything about Obama's non-profit organisation.",
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"content": "justification: It's clear there is no evidence of this being said at any point, so its refuted. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Michelle Obama had to Surrender her Law License because she committed 'Insurance Fraud'\n\nQ1: Is there a record of Michelle Obama on the Illinois ARDC website?\nA1: Michelle Obama is shown as a registered lawyer, admitted on 5/12/1989, and is noted as not authorised to practice.\n\nQ2: Is there any record of Michelle Obama been disciplined or subject of a disciplinary proceeding in Illinois?\nA2: No, because A search on the ARDC website does not list Michelle Obama as having a public record of discipline\" or \"pending proceedings\" attached to her name.",
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"content": "justification: This claim is refuted. According to the QA pairs, Michelle Obama is indeed a registered lawyer who is noted ass not 'authorised to practice'. However, there is no record of why nor any discipline actions attatched to why she is 'not authorised to practice'. The claim states it is due to 'insurance fraud' which is not proven in the QA pairs. Therefore, this claim is refuted. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: “Oklahoma 100% positive coronavirus test rate after Trump Tulsa rally.”\n\nQ1: What data did the claim speaker Chris Hayes use for this claim?\nA1: Oklahoma authorities weekend Covid 19 testing testing figures.\n\nQ2: Were the Oklahoma authorities weekend Covid 19 testing testing figures correct and complete?\nA2: The figure quoted did not provide a clear or complete picture because it was not the final numbers for Oklahoma’s weekend testing.\n\nQ3: Did the claim speaker make any follow-up comments relating to their claim?\nA3: Hayes said, The problem the claim is the lag in the way that Oklahoma reports its data. With fewer but almost entirely positive tests being reported on the weekends and then larger numbers including negative tests\n\nQ4: Was the whole of Oklahoma at the rally\nA4: Few persons attended the rally so there cant be a direct link to the rally even if all persons at the rally tested positive",
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"content": "justification: Its clear that the claim is not true as there are too many inconsistencies to the covid testing and reporting. Plus not many people attended the rally. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Surface air temperatures at the bottom of the world have risen three times faster than the global average since the 1990s.\n\nQ1: Has the average south pole air temperature been rising since 1990?\nA1: Yes, because A graph of measuments by Clem et al./Nature Climate Change shows a steady rise over time from 1990 to present time.\n\nQ2: Is the South Pole warming up faster than the rest of the world?\nA2: Yes, because Over the past 30 years, the South Pole has been one of the fastest changing places on Earth, warming more than three times more rapidly than the rest of the world.",
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"content": "justification: Yes. A graph of measurements by Clem et al./Nature Climate Change shows a steady rise over time from 1990 to present time.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Democrat-controlled states suffered the harshest restriction in the US during the coronavirus pandemic.\n\nQ1: Did Democrat run states have the harshest Covid-19 restrictions in USA?\nA1: No, because There is no evidence that Democrat run states had the harshest restrictions.",
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"content": "justification: From the question and answer pairs it seems that the label claim is refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Black Lives Matter was funded and designed by the US Democrats to be a social weapon.\n\nQ1: How was the BLM founded\nA1: #BlackLivesMatter was founded in 2013 in response to the acquittal of Trayvon Martin’s murderer. Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation, Inc. is a global organization in the US, UK, and Canada, whose mission is to eradicate white supremacy and build local power to intervene in violence inflicted on Black communities by the state and vigilantes. By combating and countering acts of violence, creating space for Black imagination and innovation, and centering Black joy, we are winning immediate improvements in our lives.\n\nQ2: How is the BLM funded\nA2: They are funded by corporations and donations from people who believe in their cause",
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"content": "justification: Formed with corporate and public funding and not governmental.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The US Democratic Party has a owned and controlled corporate media monopoly.\n\nQ1: Does the US Democratic party own and control a corporate media monopoly?\nA1: No, because The corporations that do run the news, including conservative Fox News -- are independently run, and it would be a conflict of interest for politicians to own a stake in media companies that cover them.",
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"content": "justification: Independently run.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The next major advantage of the pandemic for the Deep State was the case made to the public for mail-in voting, a highly insecure practice proven to be rampant with fraud.\n\nQ1: Is mail-in voting safe and secure?\nA1: U.S. citizens will vote by mail this year in record numbers. In the face of a global health\nemergency, election officials across the country from both parties are working heroically to ensure\nthat voting by mail is accurate, accessible, safe & secure.\n\nQ2: What measures are taken to ensure mail-in voting does not lead to fraud?\nA2: Current and former election officials in vote-by-mail states said their systems are designed specifically to mitigate these risks, starting with a regular stream of mail contact with voters to establish that the address listed for them on the rolls is accurate. The ERIC system, as well as regular checks against DMV, death and other records, flag voter registration entries that may need updating. Federal law also requires states to conduct basic list maintenance.\n\nOnce voting begins, the linchpin of the process is a ballot return envelope, which typically requires the voter’s signature and includes a unique bar code linked to that voter’s record. When the ballot is returned and the bar code is scanned, no other ballot can be cast by that voter for that election.\n\nElection officials and security experts said certain measures are important for preventing fraud in mail voting, such as accurate voter rolls and a method of authenticating ballots such as signature matching. Such safeguards have been put in place over time in the five states that currently run universal mail elections: Colorado, Hawaii, Oregon, Utah and Washington.\n\nThe other mainstay of election security in vote-by-mail states is the signature verification process. Election workers are trained by law enforcement agencies to detect when a signature on the ballot envelope does not match signatures in a voter’s file. Discrepancies trigger a review that could end with a voter proving his or her identity — or being reported to law enforcement for possible ballot tampering.\n\nAll-mail states have implemented a range of other safeguards to ensure ballots are secure at all times, including dropboxes under 24-hour surveillance cameras, rules that two people be present with any ballot from the moment of receipt or collection, and detailed logs and reconciliation rules that require votes to be accounted for, down to the ballot.",
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"content": "justification: Mail-in voting is a safe and secure way for people to cast their votes \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: President Geingob of Namibia fined all those who attended the party he hosted to mark his political party Swapo’s (South West Africa People’s Organisation) 60th birthday during the coronavirus lockdown when gatherings were banned.\n\nQ1: Did President Geingob host a party to mark his political party’s (SWAPO) 60th birthday during a coronavirus lockdown in Namibia?\nA1: Yes, because The South West Africa People’s Organisation (SWAPO) birthday party took place in parliament on April 19, when Namibia was under lockdown and group gatherings were banned to limit the spread of coronavirus.\n\nQ2: Have the people who attended the gathering to mark SWAPO’s 60th birthday been fined?\nA2: Yes, because The president said that less than 10 people attended the event, including the Vice President, the Prime Minister and party’s Secretary General. All have since been fined Sh12,000 ($115).\n\nQ3: Did President Geingob directly issue the fines to those who attended SWAPO’s 60th birthday party or were they issued by law enforcement agencies representing the Namibian government?\nA3: Namibia’s President Hage Geingob on Thursday admitted to breaching coronavirus regulations last month by hosting a celebration to mark his party’s 60th anniversary and subsequently fining all the guests who attended.\n\nQ4: Was each member of the party fined?\nA4: No, because The criminal charge was against the Swapo Party and a single fine of N$2000 was paid.",
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"content": "justification: The president did not personally fine the people who attended the party so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: US Democratic nominee for US President Joe Biden avoided interviews and debates during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns.\n\nQ1: Did Biden agree to Debates with Trump during the pandemic?\nA1: Yes, because Biden campaign agrees to 3 debates with Trump but did slam push for more debates as a 'distraction'\n\nQ2: Had biden declined any debates with trump?\nA2: Former Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr. rejected the notion that he is “hiding” at his Delaware home amid the coronavirus pandemic, arguing that he is complying with public health guidelines\n\nQ3: Was Biden appearing on TV for talks and discussions?\nA3: Yes, because Mr. Biden, appearing from the makeshift television studio at his home, said he is “on the campaign trail now.”",
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"content": "justification: The answers show that Biden did attend debates and interviews so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: They [Democrats and the Deep State] flooded US streets with deadly drugs to manufacture a devastating epidemic of addiction and mass incarceration.\n\nQ1: What is a Deep State?\nA1: Political scientists and foreign policy experts have used the term deep state for years to describe individuals and institutions who exercise power independent of—and sometimes over—civilian political leaders.\n\nQ2: Does a Deep State exist in America?\nA2: Whether any of this means there is a deep state in America depends on your definition. Powerful bureaucrats with access to government secrets and trusted media friends certainly do try to influence presidents from the shadows. But in Washington, at least, their views and goals are not monolithic. And unlike their counterparts in the developing world, they do tend to execute the orders they’re given by the president, however grudgingly—and are committed to upholding the rule of law.\n\nQ3: Did the Democrats and the Deep state do anything to create the narcotics epidemic in the USA?\nA3: They signed the 1994 Crime Bill which increased mass incarceration. They did not increase narcotic use to achieve this but instead became tougher on existing crime leading to more imprisonment.\n\nQ4: Who brings illegal drugs into the US?\nA4: When people think of drug smugglers, they often imagine illegal immigrants sneaking into the United States across the southwest border. But the reality is that the vast majority of drug smuggling occurs at ports of entry (including airports), and the vast majority of traffickers are U.S. citizens.\n\nQ5: Who produces illegal drugs for the US market?\nA5: Colombia is the world's largest producer of cocaine, much of which ends up in the US, which is the world's largest consumer.",
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"content": "justification: Q&A 3 states democrats actually did not increase narcotic use to achieve more incarceration but instead became tougher on existing crime, \nWhilst Q&A 4 and 5 state Columbia is the largest producer of illegal drugs And smugglers use ports of entry in the U.S to bring them in not the democrats as claimed.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: US President Barack Obama was directed by the Deep State to authorize millions in funding for the Wuhan Institute of Virology to finance a global biological attack timed to release within an election year.\n\nQ1: Was there any evidence to show that Obama funded the lab\nA1: No, because There was no evidence to show thatb\n\nQ2: Did Barack Obama fund the Wuhan lab?\nA2: no facts or hard evidence to support such a bold assumption surrounding the initial source of the virus.\n\nQ3: Has the U.S. government funded the Wuhan lab?\nA3: Yes, because A U.S. NIH-funded $3.7 million project was approved by Trump's Covid-19 advisor Dr. Anthony Fauci in 2015,\nafter the Obama White House imposed a ban on 'monster-germ' research.\n\nQ4: Why did the U.S. government fund the Wuhan lab?\nA4: In October 2014, the federal government declared a moratorium on gain-of-function research to weaponize viruses related to influenza, Middle\nEast respiratory syndrome (MERS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). As a result, the research was\noutsourced to China’s Wuhan Institute of Virology, which is currently at the center of scrutiny for the Covid-19\npandemic.\n\nQ5: Where did COVID-19 originate from?\nA5: The novel coronavirus originated from the Hunan seafood market at Wuhan, China where bats, snakes, raccoon dogs, palm civets, and other animals are sold, and rapidly spread up to 109 countries.\n\nQ6: When did the COVID-19 outbreak occur?\nA6: In December 2019, an outbreak of pneumonia associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spread to other parts of China and overseas.1",
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"content": "justification: No evidence shows that Obama funded the Wuhan Institute of Virology. Also the lab ddi not perform a global biological attack.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: COVID-19 (Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests are ‘scientifically meaningless’\n\nQ1: Are COVID-19 (Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests accurate?\nA1: a nonprofit research center in Geneva, tested five COVID-19 RT-PCR tests and found that all five achieved 100% sensitivity on positive samples, and at least 96% specificity on negative samples in a laboratory setting.\n\nQ2: Are PCR tests accurate in real world settings?\nA2: In the real world, testing conditions and process are far from perfect, and accuracy suffers. Researchers still don’t know what the real-world false positive rate is, but clinical sensitivity of RT-PCR tests ranges from 66% to 80%. That means nearly one in three infected people who are tested will receive false negative results.\n\nQ3: Are PCR tests useful in the fight against Covid 19?\nA3: Yes, because Advantages of PCR Testing\n Valuable for detecting specific pathogens that are difficult to culture in vitro or require a\nlong cultivation period\n Significantly more rapid in providing results compared to culturing\no Enables earlier informed decision making\no Rapid diagnosis of bacteraemia, particularly for low levels of bacteria in specimens\n Useful in detecting cases in extra pulmonary specimens which may be missed by smear\nand/or culture\n Valuable screening tool\no PCR is still considered an adjunct test for certain diagnostic tests that still rely on\nsmear and culture, such as tuberculosis",
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"content": "justification: The answers show they are not meaningless, they may not be 100% accurate, but do help in the fight against covid\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: COVID-19 Removal Cards kill Coronavirus\n\nQ1: What is a Covid19 removal card/tag?\nA1: According to Air Doctor, the tags \"eliminate all forms of microbial life\" and provide \"ultimate protection against airborne infection diseases\", including for children, pregnant women and immuno-compromised people such as cancer patients.\n\nQ2: Does the air doctor card work against covid-19?\nA2: the Japanese consumer affairs agency (in Japanese) on May 15, 2020 warned the public that the product was ineffective against COVID-19.\n\n(translate)",
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"content": "justification: This claim is refuted. According to the QA pairs, the air doctor card \"eliminate all forms of microbial life\" and the claim states that this removal card can kill COVID-19. However, the Japanese Consumer Affairs Agency warned in May 15, 2020 that the product was 'ineffective against COVID-19', meaning the removal cards do no kill the virus. Therefore, this claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Drinking water will protect you from COVID-19.\n\nQ1: Can drinking water protect you from COVID-19?\nA1: While staying hydrated by drinking water is important for overall health, it does not prevent coronavirus infection.",
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"content": "justification: Drinking water is confirmed as not protecting you from covid, so the claim is refuted. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Keir Starmer stopped Jimmy Savile being charged in 2009.\n\nQ1: Why didn't Keir Starmer prosecute Jimmy Savile ?\nA1: On the request of Starmer, Alison Levitt, his then Principal Legal Adviser, released a report in 2013 on the 2009 decision not to prosecute Savile. It found that if prosecutors had taken a different approach then prosecution may indeed have been possible. Levitt found that Surrey Police did not tell the victims that other complaints had been made against Savile also, and that had they known this, victims would have been more likely to press charges.\n\nThe report also discovered a ‘lack of understanding’ by officers concerning the law and practice, concerning sexual offences. It was found that outdated regulations and training were partially to blame in the failure to prosecute Savile, indicating structural issues in the way officers were trained, rather than being a matter of personal responsibility.\n\nQ2: Was there blunders by the police and lawyers during the prosecution of Jimmy Savile ?\nA2: Britain’s chief prosecutor apologised for the failure to pursue four separate allegations against the BBC star, one made as recently as four years ago.\n\nDirector of Public Prosecutions Keir Starmer said there were failures by police in Sussex and Surrey and by the principal lawyer in dealing with the allegations. He issued a personal apology for the mistakes by the Crown Prosecution Service and announced a series of changes to improve the investigation of allegations by child victims.\n\nQ3: Did Keir Starmer helped Jimmy Savile to escape justice?\nA3: In 2008 (a few months before Starmer became director of public prosecutions [DPP] at the CPS) Sussex Police launched an investigation into a possible sexual assault, but took no further action as the complainant did not wish to give evidence. In 2009 the CPS reviewed four sexual assault claims against Savile and felt there was insufficient evidence with which to proceed - again, because none of Savile's accusers were prepared to support police action. Frankly, the CPS makes a lot of decisions like this and it would be strange for the director himself to make the decision personally - that's the responsibility of the reviewing lawyer. We may well question that decision, but asking whether there was in fact sufficient evidence is one thing; to assume that such evidence would have resulted in a conviction is quite another. Have any of us seen the evidence the CPS was presented with? Have those spinning these accusations - or spreading them - actually spoken with any of those who brought the initial complaints against Savile? Starmer took over a CPS under fire on various fronts and, after 2011, especially on the Savile issue. While he had no personal involvement in the decision not to proceed, Starmer did commission a review, headed by Alison Levitt QC, in which he revealed failures at the heart of the CPS and in 2013 issued an apology. He acknowledged those failures, pledging to change the culture of the CPS and its internal mechanisms. A \"fundamental shift\" was required, he argued, as \"we cannot afford another Savile moment in five or ten years. While \"no improper motives\" were found, the Evening Standard reported that one of the review's major criticisms was that \"the CPS lawyer (my italics) should have challenged the police conclusions and sought to build a prosecution against Savile\". It also suggested the complainants should have been informed that there had been other complaints about Savile, as this would potentially have encouraged them to give evidence. This",
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"content": "justification: The QAs show that there were a series of \"blunders\" in which allegations against Savile were not followed through. Therefore Keir Starmer cannot be held responsible.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India Has Approved Patanjali's 'Coronil'.\n\nQ1: Has the Ministry of AYUSH approved Patanjali's virus medicine brand named Coronil?\nA1: No, because Hours after a splashy launch of its claimed ayurvedic treatment for the novel coronavirus, Patanjali Ayurved Ltd. was told by the government to stop advertising or publicising any such claim due to the lack of requisite approval. The legal provisions cited in the ministry statement also indicate that Patanjali cannot sell the product as of now.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: From the QA it seems that the product will not be sold as it is not approved yet. Therefore the claim is refuted \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Seven people were shot in the neighbourhood of Newark in June 2018.\n\nQ1: what happened in the neighborhood of Newark in 2018\nA1: One person was killed and six others were injured in two shootings in Newark on Tuesday.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Q&A 1 give statistics for the claim which was 7 people being shot (as the claim states) 1 died, 6 injured, but all shot. it also confirms the location and date which matches the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Jay Inslee claims he's the first governor to implement a public option health insurance plan.\n\nQ1: Has Inslee implemented a health insurance plan?\nA1: Jay Inslee said _ The state would contract with an insurance carrier to offer a health plan that would be available across the state.\n\n“We still have a residual percentage of people that do not have health insurance, have not been able to access it,” Inslee said. “We still have about 14 counties that could be on the cusp of not having an insurance carrier available for them.”\n\nThe plan would have uniform policies across no matter where a person lives and the state would regulate its rates.\n\nQ2: is this the first plan to be implemented in Washington?\nA2: On May 13, 2019, Washington Gov. Jay Inslee signed Senate Bill 5526 into law, creating the first public option health insurance product for the individual market in the United States.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Confirmed in 2nd QA Pair.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Most Americans support Roe v. Wade.\n\nQ1: What is Roe v Wade?\nA1: Roe v. Wade, the landmark 1973 ruling that made abortion legal nationwide.\n\nQ2: Has their been a US opinion poll in recent years before the claim on Roe v Wade?\nA2: Yes, because A Gallup poll in 2018.\n\nQ3: What were the findings of the poll?\nA3: Currently, 64% of Americans believe Roe v. Wade should stand, while 28% would like to see it overturned.\n\nQ4: Have there been other polls?\nA4: Yes, because One example is by the Wall Street Journal.\n\nQ5: What did this find?\nA5: A record 71% of voters said they were opposed to overturning Roe v. Wade, the 1973 ruling that recognized abortion as a woman’s constitutional right, including 59% who said they felt strongly on the matter.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: This claim is supported. According to the QA pairs, there have been two US polls about opinions surrounding Roe v. Wade. In an gallup poll, 64% of Americans supported Roe v. Wade. In another poll by the WSJ, 71% of Americans supported Roe v. Wade. Therefore, this claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Idli is the healthiest breakfast item in the whole world as certified by UNESCO.\n\nQ1: Is Idli the healthiest breakfast item in theworld as certified by UNESCO?\nA1: We searched online whether UNESCO declared idli as the healthiest breakfast item in the whole world. We did not find any such official statement.\n\nQ2: Does UNESCO give rankings on breakfasts?\nA2: No, because No such rankings exist on the UNESCO site",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The 2nd Q and A shows that UNESCO do not give ratings on food so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Beto O'Rourke said that he does not want to repeal Section 1325.\n\nQ1: Did Beto O'Rourke say that he does not want to repeal Section 1325. ?\nA1: he said: \"I do not think that it should be repealed.\"\n\nQ2: Where did he make this statement that he did not think it should be repealed?\nA2: In a STATE OF THE UNION\nInterview With Mayor of South Bend, Indiana, Pete Buttigieg",
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"content": "justification: According to the sources he said: \"I do not think that it should be repealed\" \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: South Africa is number one in the killing of women internationally.\n\nQ1: What is female murder called?\nA1: Femicide.\n\nQ2: What is South Africa's world ranking in terms of femicide?\nA2: 4th, 15.2 murders for every 100,000 adult women in South Africa.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: South Africa ranks 4th in Femicides in the world \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The Taiwanese Ministry of Justice has imposed the following restrictions on Hong Kong citizens applying to emigrate to Taiwan:\n1. Only accept family reunion applications from people with immediate family in Taiwan.\n2. Only accept applications from professionals.\n3. Only accept significant investors.\n\nQ1: What has the Taiwanese Ministry of Justice said regarding this claim?\nA1: a spokesperson for Taiwan’s National Immigration Agency told AFP in an email on June 30: “There’s no such information”. \n\nA spokesperson for Taiwan's Ministry of Justice also said the posts were \"false\" in an email to AFP on June 29.\n\nQ2: Does the Taiwanese Ministry of Justice have rules in place for conditions that have to be met by Hong Kong nationals wanting residency in Taiwan?\nA2: Yes, because The Taiwan government has Article 16, which lists 16 circumstances in which Hong Kong or Macao residents may apply for residency in Taiwan.\n\nQ3: Does the Taiwanese Ministry of Justice have family reunion applications from people with immediate family in Taiwan as one of their circumstances under Article 16?\nA3: Yes, because 1 listed requirement out of the 16 conditions are:\n\nThe direct blood relative or the spouse of the applicant has a household registration in Taiwan. However, in the case of adoption, the kinship should last for more than two years prior to application.\n\nQ4: Does the Taiwanese Ministry of Justice have resident circumstances for professionals?\nA4: Yes, because Out of the 16 circumstances in Article 16: \n\n2.The applicant has received overseas education or employment and made special contributions before the end of United Kingdom's and Portugal's governance in Hong Kong and Macao, respectively, which are reviewed and approved by the Ministry of Education or the Mainland Affairs Council in conjunction with relevant authorities.\n\n3.The applicant has special achievements related to application engineering in special fields.\n\n4.The applicant possesses technical skills and has obtained a certificate of practice from the Hong Kong or Macao government, or has special achievements in the fields of academic, science, culture, news, finance, insurance, securities, futures, transportation, postal service, telecommunications, meteorology or tourism.\n\n6.The applicant is teaching abroad, researching emerging academics or having special skills and experience, which is approved by the central competent authority.\n\n8.The applicant has been approved by the central labor authority or the competent authority the work in Taiwan, and meet the qualifications and criteria standards for foreigners undertaking the jobs specified under Article 46.1.1 to 46.1.7 or Article 11 of the Employment Services Act, or meet the management and approval regulations for Hong Kong and Macao residents with overseas Chinese I.D., or meet the qualifications and criteria standards for foreigners undertaking the jobs specified under Article 20, Article 5, Article 6.1, Article 8, and Article 10 of the Act for the Recruitment and Employment of Foreign Professionals.\n\n9.The applicant has been appointed or employed by government agencies or public and private colleges and universities.\n\n13.The applicant meets the qualifications and criteria standards for foreigners undertaking the jobs specified under Article 46.1.1 to 46.1.8 of the Employment Services Act.\n\nQ5: Does the Taiwanese Ministry of Justice have resident circumstances for significant investors?\nA5: Yes, because Out of the 16 circumstances in Article 16: \n\n5.The applicant has an investment of NT$6 million or more in Taiwan, which is reviewed and approved by the central competent authority; or the innovation and entrepreneurship in Taiwan is examined and approved by the central competent authority.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: It seems from the Q&as that some of the requirements are correct, but they are not as cut and dry as in the claim, and they have cherry picked some details. \n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The average family in America forks over more of their hard-earned income to their local hospital than to the IRS.\n\nQ1: Does the average American spend more on hospital bills than on tax to the IRS?\nA1: Overall, as a country, Americans spent $1.2 trillion on hospital care in 2018. That’s over $3,600 for every man, woman, and child in the U.S. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services project that, by 2026, hospital spending will rise to $1.8 trillion: over $5,300 per person.\nit’s more than the average family pays in federal taxes. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 cut the federal tax rate for a family of median income from 14.6 percent to 13.8 percent. That includes income taxes, payroll taxes, and every other federal tax that applies to middle-class families.\nThat is to say, the average family now hands over more of its paycheck to the hospital industry than it does to the federal government in taxes.\n\nQ2: Is there any data to back up this claim?\nA2: Yes, because According to the Census",
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"content": "justification: From the Q&A it seems the claim is true and this is backed up by the census data. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The United States Annual Arms Control Compliance Report does not address the U.S. withdrawal from the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT).\n\nQ1: Does the United States Annual Arms Control Compliance Report address the U.S. withdrawal from the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT).\nA1: No, because Donald Trump withdrew from the ATT but this is not mentioned in the Compliance Report.\n\nQ2: What is the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT)?\nA2: The Arms Trade Treaty is the first legally-binding instrument ever negotiated in the United Nations to establish common standards for the international transfer of conventional weapons.",
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"content": "justification: The compliance report does not mention the withdrawal \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Australia is going to keep its borders closed until 2021 due to coronavirus.\n\nQ1: Has Australia made an official announcement regarding Australia and closings its borders till 2021.\nA1: Australia is unlikely to reopen its border to international travellers until next year but will look to relax entry rules for students and other long-term visitors, Trade Minister Simon Birmingham said on Wednesday.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: Depending on entry rules for i.e. students, long-term visitors, etc. \n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Covid-19 surcharges are being applied in the USA.\n\nQ1: Are businesses in the USA adding a covid surcharge to bills?\nA1: Yes, because Facing higher costs to keep workers and customers safe and an indefinite period of suppressed demand, businesses are navigating an ever-narrower path to profitability. To make the math work, some businesses are cutting services and jobs. Others are raising prices, including imposing coronavirus-related fees aimed at getting customers to share some of the expenses.\n\nQ2: What is a covid surcharge?\nA2: With businesses around the country reopening, customers may notice an additional expense on their bill: a COVID-19 surcharge.\n\nThis new surcharge is popping up around the country and is an extra fee that businesses can add to a bill to help alleviate the financial burden placed upon them during the virus outbreak. It is meant to help offset losses due to businesses having to temporarily close, or help businesses keep up with the new requirements to reopen under health guidelines.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: Yes this claim is supported, a surcharge is being added to bills due to Covid.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The US Annual Arms Control Compliance Report Mulling resumption of nuclear tests.\n\nQ1: Has the USA considered resuming nuclear weapon tests?\nA1: Yes, because There are two documents released by the Trump administration that suggest that they are laying the groundwork to resume explosive nuclear testing at its discretion.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: Confirmed by documents released.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The US Annual Arms Control Compliance Report Blocking negotiation of the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) verification protocol.\n\nQ1: What is the US stance on the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) verification protocol?\nA1: The United States delivered a 10-page statement in which it said:\nAfter extensive deliberation, the United States has\nconcluded that the current approach to a Protocol to the\nBiological Weapons Convention, ... is not, in our view,\ncapable of achieving the mandate set forth for the Ad Hoc\nGroup, strengthening confidence in compliance with the\nBiological Weapons Convention. ... We believe the\nobjective of the mandate was and is important to\ninternational security, we will therefore be unable to support\nthe current text, even with changes, as an appropriate\noutcome of the Ad Hoc Group efforts.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: It seems the US has blocked and not supported negotiation and so the claim is supported. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The Honor Guard soldiers that march at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Arlington Cemetery carry live ammunition\n\nQ1: Are the Guns carried by the guards at Arlington Cemetery loaded?\nA1: No they portray putting a bullet into the gun however no actual bullet is chambered.\n\nQ2: Do the guards carry live ammunition on their person?\nA2: They carry weapons but no live ammunition, said Army Staff Sgt. Maryam Treece, who handles public affairs for The Old Guard.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Both QA pairs refute the claim without needing anymore context, both QA pairs indicate that the soldiers do not carry live ammunition or load bullets into their guns.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The US Annual Arms Control Compliance Report withdrawal from ABM, JCPOA, INF, Open Skies Treaty.\n\nQ1: Did the US withdraw from INF\nA1: The US just withdrew from an important nuclear arms treaty with Russia\n\nQ2: Has the US withdrawn from ABM\nA2: The treaty, from which the United States withdrew on June 13, 2002, barred Washington and Moscow from deploying nationwide defenses against strategic ballistic missiles\n\nQ3: \nA3: The US just withdrew from an important nuclear arms treaty with Russia\n\nQ4: Did the United States withdraw from JCPOA?\nA4: Yes, because Outlined in a press statement by Mike Pompeo May 8 2018\n\nQ5: Is the original report accessible?\nA5: No, because The original source report has been archived and I can't find it therefore it is very difficult to fact check this claim.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The first Q and A has no question. There is no reference to INF or Open Skies treaty. Therefore there is not enough evidence to support or refute the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In the Indian marketplace, Livfavir, manufactured by Livealth Biopharma, is cheaper than Glenmark's Fabiflu.\n\nQ1: Is a product called Livfavir manufactured by Livealth Biopharma being sold in the Indian market?\nA1: No, because There is One Rumor circulating on Whatsapp linking our company Livealth Biopharma Pvt Ltd marketing product similar to “Favipiravir” of “Glenmark”.\nWe are not marketing any such product and have already withdrawn our product “Livfavir” which created this misunderstanding.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: No. There is One Rumor circulating on Whatsapp linking our company Livealth Biopharma Pvt Ltd marketing product similar to “Favipiravir” of “Glenmark”.\nWe are not marketing any such product and have already withdrawn our product “Livfavir” which created this misunderstanding.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In 1977, U.S. President Joe Biden said integrating black students would turn schools into \"a jungle… a racial jungle.\"\n\nQ1: Did Biden say that black students would turn schools into a racial jungle ?\nA1: That’s not quite right. In 1977, Biden, who opposed court-ordered busing to integrate public schools, said: \"Unless we do something about this, my children are going to grow up in a jungle, the jungle being a racial jungle with tensions built so high that it is going to explode at some point.\"\nThis meant that unless public schools are integrated with the private ones their would be no equality . The statement was against racism not to support it.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The statement was taken out of context on what Biden was talking about and the answer and source show the full sentence.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: There were issues with polling places in Kentucky\n\nQ1: Did polling stations in Kentucky experiences any issues in the June 23 Primary elections?\nA1: Due to a lower number of polling stations and Covid-19 safety constraints many voters experienced delays when trying to vote in person.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Seems that the issues were due to covid 19, therefore the cliam is supproted\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Gargling with a salt water concoction, or drinking water with salt or vinegar will “kill” the virus causing COVID-19\n\nQ1: Will gargling on salt water prevent the COVID-19 virus\nA1: Sore throat is a less common symptom of COVID-19. Gargling with saltwater may help make your throat feel better but does not prevent infection or make it go away more quickly.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: Other than real life knowledge that this wont kill the virus, the QA has found out that gargling salt water might help make your throat feel better but it wont kill the virus or prevent infection, even make it go away quicker so the claim would be refuted. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: No country currently has a functioning Covid-19 track and trace app.\n\nQ1: Has any country launched any form of track and trace technology or app\nA1: A country like Australia launched an app for COVID-19 called COVIDSafe",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The answers and sources show that there are countries that have a track and trace app so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: British Prime Minister Boris Johnson, speaking in the British Parliament, stated that no country currently has a functioning track and trace app for countering Covid-19.\n\nQ1: Did any countries have a COVID-19 track and trace app in June 2020?\nA1: Yes, because Reuters reported on 18th June 2020 that Germany, Italy, Poland and Latvia had each launched COVID-19 tracing apps.\n\nQ2: Was Germany's COVID-19 tracing app functioning in June 2020?\nA2: Yes, because German health minister Jens Spahn said his country's app \"works very well\".",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The answers and sources clearly show that other countries did have functioning apps so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Transactions by Google Pay are not protected by the Reserve Bank of India nor by Indian law.\n\nQ1: Who is responsible for operating retail payments and settlement systems in India?\nA1: National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), an umbrella organisation for operating retail payments and settlement systems in India, is an initiative of Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and Indian Banks’ Association (IBA)\n\nQ2: Is google pay registared with the NCPI?\nA2: Yes, because Google pay is registared as a 3rd party payments app.\n\nQ3: Are transactions made with Google pay protected by the reserve Bank of India?\nA3: All transactions made via Google Pay are fully protected by redressal processes laid out by applicable guidelines of the RBI/NPCI\n\nQ4: Does Google Pay operate within the laws of India?\nA4: Google Pay operates completely within the law. We work as a technology service provider to partner banks, to allow payments via UPI. UPI apps in the country are categorized as 'third party apps', and are not required to be 'payment systems operators'.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: All transactions made via Google Pay are fully protected by redressal processes laid out by applicable guidelines of the RBI/NPCI\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Unused COVID-19 tests that already showed positive results were found in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.\n\nQ1: Have any news outlets reported on this claim?\nA1: No news report found.\n\nQ2: Has Tuscaloosa, Alabama had any reported issues with Covid-19 tests?\nA2: Yes, because More than half of the COVID-19 test samples sent to a laboratory from Tuscaloosa County at the DCH Regional Medical Center test site were deemed not sufficient or spoiled, according to Mayor Walt Maddox.\n\nMaddox tweeted Friday evening that according to the Alabama Department of Public Health, in the last four days, among the 1,043 samples sent to the test lab, 528 of them were not sufficient. He said 40 have been processed, with one positive. There are 475 samples still in process, Maddox said.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: No evidence shows that unused COVID-19 tests were found in Tuscaloosa.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: A video showing emergency services helping COVID-19 patients in the streets of the Pune's Deccan Corner area in June 2020 is real\n\nQ1: Murlidhar Mohol fez uma dimulação de alerta?\nA1: The mock drill video is being shared out of context online. The clip has been captioned as, \"Corona patients have started appearing in public places on the streets of Pune. The situation is really serious. Take care of yourself and your family .... Stay safe.\"\n\nhttps://www.boomlive.in/fake-news/video-of-mock-drill-to-test-covid-19-preparedness-in-pune-shared-as-real-8628\n\nQ2: Where was the video shot?\nA2: Pun'es Deccan Corner\n\nQ3: Was the video showcasing a real event?\nA3: No, because The video shows a mock covid-19 testing trial, but it was shown as real",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answers show that the video is not a real video so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: U.S. coronavirus cases are increasing because more people are being tested for the virus.\n\nQ1: What was the testing for Coronavirus like before 10 June 2020\nA1: No answer could be found.\n\nQ2: According to epidemiologists is an increased nature of testing a cause of increased positive results\nA2: epidemiologists say that if this were the only reason that new cases were rising, the percentage of positive tests should be dropping or at least remaining about the same\n\nQ3: Is the increase in COVID-19 cases in the United States solely due to testing?\nA3: public health specialists have repeatedly said the data does not indicate that increased testing accounts for the recent surge in daily new cases.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: As confirmed in QA pairs. More testing would not return more results but if anything the same or fewer but case numbers are rising with the testing.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Glenmark Pharmaceuticals received approvals from Drug Controller General of India to manufacture and market Favipiravir, an anti-viral drug, to treat COVID-19 patients.\n\nQ1: which company produces Favipiravir, an anti-viral drug, to treat COVID-19 patients in India?\nA1: Glenmark received the Drug Controller General of India's (DCGI) nod to conduct trials with oral antiviral favipiravir among covid-19 patients",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The claim says that Glenmark pharmaceuticals produces the drug. The answer and source confirm this, so this claim is supported. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In June 2020, 46 US states had gyms/fitness centers open, while North Carolina was one of four states that did not.\n\nQ1: Why were gyms closed in North Carolina?\nA1: Due to rising number of covid-19 cases and hospitalizations\n\nQ2: What other states had the gyms closed?\nA2: New Jersey, New York and Massachusetts",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: Supported, despite the questions not showing any time period.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Nigeria's debt burden has made the country broke.\n\nQ1: Can a nation become financially bankrupt?\nA1: Countries do go bankrupt, and creditors can go bankrupt lending to them. Argentina\nwas bankrupt in 2002. Much of Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa was bankrupt in\n1982 and Indonesia was bankrupt in 1998. Many African countries are bankrupt today.\n\nQ2: Was Nigeria bankrupt in 2020?\nA2: No answer could be found.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: It seems that there is not enough evidence to deduce whether Nigeria has gone bankrupt. Therefore, the label is not enough evidence\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Viral infographic shows the Risk percentage of Community Transmission of COVID-19 for various states in India.\n\nQ1: Who made this claim\nA1: India in Pixels\n\nQ2: what is the number of quarantined people that was used for the calculating the risk percentage\nA2: \"quarantine\": [\n 2933,\n 0\n ],",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: There is not enough evidence to support/refute the claim showing risk percentages of community transmission of COVID-19 in India. There is not enough information nor evidence.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In June 2020, Nigerian debt servicing obligations stood at N943.12 billion.\n\nQ1: How much money went into Nigeria's debt servicing obligations?\nA1: N943.12 billion was\nfor debt service",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The answer and source show that the amount in the claim is correct so the claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: President Trump said coronavirus testing makes the U.S. look bad, \"so I said to my people, ‘Slow the testing down.’\"\n\nQ1: Did Trump say that testing is making the US look bad?\nA1: “I personally think testing is overrated, even though I created the greatest testing machine in history,” Trump said, arguing that more tests means more confirmed cases. “In many ways, it makes us look bad.”\n\nQ2: Did Trump say slow the testing down?\nA2: “When you do testing to that extent, you’re gonna find more people, you’re gonna find more cases. So I said to my people ‘slow the testing down, please,’” Trump said at the rally.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: Confirmed in QA pairs.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Former US president Barack Obama Declared He And His Family Will Leave the U.S. For Canada If Donald j. Trump Wins Re-Election in the U.S.\n\nQ1: Where was this claim made\nA1: Burradstreetjournal\n\nQ2: Did Obama make plans to move to Canada\nA2: No, because It was a fabricated story and the pictured used on the post was a doctored image of when Obama was campaigning for a Chicago Democrat",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Evidence finds that the story is fabricated and that the claim's post was a doctored image of when Obama was campaigning for a Chicago Democrat. Hence, the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In June 2020, 99% of Nigerian revenue was being committed to debt servicing alone.\n\nQ1: What is Nigeria's economic situation?\nA1: “Our government is broke. And it’s official.” This was the alarming opening of Dr Obadiah Mailafia’s regular “Scenarios” column in Nigeria’s Vanguard newspaper for 22 June 2020. \n\nTitled “When government goes for broke”, the column was republished in other dailies and made a fascinating read as the former Central Bank of Nigeria deputy governor added his voice to a growing debate on debt in Africa’s largest economy. \n\nMailafia is an economist who ran for president in 2019, coming fourth. He gave debt and revenue figures for the first three months of 2020 as evidence for his claim.\n\nQ2: Were there long lines to vote at the US elections?\nA2: Yes, because Some cities experienced long lines tovote.\n\nQ3: Was there limited voting time at the US election?\nA3: Yes, because There were some worker shortages which caused the consolidation of polling places, and also cut short the absentee voting window in Wisconsin.\n\nQ4: Did GOP push for longer lines and chaos at the US elections?\nA4: GOP encouraged early and absentee voting but also limited the absentee voting time.\n\nQ5: What was Nigeria's debt-servicing-to-consolidated revenue for June, 2022?\nA5: Despite the revenue shortfalls recorded, government recurrent expenditure (debt and non-debt) remained in line with budgetary expectations. According to the data, debt service for the first quarter of the year rose to N943.1 billion divided into domestic debt (N594.23 billion), Foreign Debt (N129.51), and Interest on Ways and Means (219.38 billion) respectively. Recurrent non-debt expenditure was N1.1 trillion, largely in line with budget expectations a common feature over the last two decades. However, capital expenditure was N139.7 billion, a whopping 71.3% off target as much needed capital expenditure suffered yet another decline.\n\nQ6: How much was the Federal Government Federal Accounts Allocation Committee (FAAC) allocation for the month of June, 2020 ?\nA6: This was contained in a communiqué by the Federation Account Allocation Committee (FAAC) after its monthly meeting for July 2020 held through virtual conferencing; chaired by the Accountant General of the Federation, Ahmed Idris FCNA\nThe gross statutory revenue available in June 2020 was N524.526 billion; the gross revenue from the Value Added Tax (VAT) was N128.826 billion and the revenue from the Exchange Gain was N42.832 billion. This brought the total revenue for the month to N696.184 billion. From this total, the sum of N45 billion was saved in the Excess Non-Oil Revenue Account and the balance of N651.184 billion was shared to the three tiers of government and relevant agencies.\nThe balance in the Excess Crude Account (ECA) as at 16th July, 2020 was $72.407 million. The gross statutory revenue of N524.525 billion available in June was higher than the N413.953 billion received in the previous month by N110.573 billion. Also, the gross revenue of N128.826 billion available from the Value Added Tax (VAT) was higher than the N103.873 billion in the previous month by N24.953 billion.\nThe communiqué indicated that from the total revenue, the Federal Government received N266.131 billion, the State Governments received N185.774 billion, and the Local Government Councils received N138.974 billion. The Oil Producing States received N28.496 billion as 13% derivation revenue, N76.809 billion was given to revenue / Relevant Agencies as follows,\nCost of collection…..24.047,\nTransfer to NEDC…..3.865,\nPTF….3.897,\nTransfer to Excess non oil…..45.000\nTOTAL……76.809\nThe Federal Governm\n\nQ7: How much did the Federal Government of Nigeria spent on debt servicing for the month of June, 20202 ?\nA7: The rising cost of Nigeria’s debt profile breached a new milestone with the country’s debt service as a percentage of revenue rising to 99% in the first quarter of 2020. This is contained in the Medium-Term Expenditure Framework and Fiscal Strategy (MTEF/FSP) report recently released by the Federal Ministry of Finance, Budget, and National Planning. A cursory review of the data obtained from the MTEF/FSP report shows that in Q1 2020, Nigeria incurred a total sum of N943.12 billion in debt service while the federal government retained revenue was put at N950.56 billion. This implies Nigeria’s debt service to revenue is estimated to be 99% during the period.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: The 3rd Q&A show that the percentage is correct in the claim so the claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Masks violate the US Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s 19.5% minimum oxygen level respiratory protection standard.\n\nQ1: Do masks violate the US Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Administration?\nA1: No. Medical masks, including surgical masks, are routinely worn by healthcare workers throughout the day as part of their personal protective equipment (PPE) ensembles and do not compromise their oxygen levels or cause carbon dioxide buildup.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: The evidence states that masks are work routinely by healthcare workers, suggesting they do not affect respiratory oxygen. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Alex Jones claimed on the InfoWars website that Covid-19 is only killing older people.\n\nQ1: What age groups are included in covid deaths?\nA1: Deaths have been recorded in all age groups, albeit a definite trend that more older people have died as a result compared to young people.\n\nQ2: Are older people more likely to die of Covid?\nA2: There's a definite trend in more people dying that are older from covid.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: common sense about a very recent and ongoing pandemic answers this claim, But the Q and A pairs do give very relevant and exact information refuting this claim.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: President Trump tweeted \"Anyone who ordered a ticket to my (Tulsa) rally and didn't attend should be arrested and face very powerful charges.\"\n\nQ1: Did President Trump tweet \"Anyone who ordered a ticket to my (Tulsa) rally and didn't attend should be arrested and face very powerful charges.\"?\nA1: No, because there is no evidence to support this.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: The question-answer pair isn't greatly worded and kind of biases the claim. However from it, its seems that the claim is refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The Government of India has issued a memorandum and directed Google and Apple to restrict several Chinese applications from the respective stores with immediate effect.\n\nQ1: How does the memorandum, claimed be from India's National Informatics Centre, restricting Chinese applications from Google and Apple stores, refer to India's Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology?\nA1: India's Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology is referred to as MoitY.\n\nQ2: What is the usual abbreviated word for referring to India's Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology?\nA2: The usual abbreviated word for referring to India's Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology is MeitY.\n\nQ3: What was the response from India's National Informatics Centre about the claim that a memorandum had been issued by them restricting Chinese applications from Google and Apple stores?\nA3: India's National Informatics Centre retweeted the PIB Fact Check post in which it verified that the order was not issued by NIC.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: the memorandum was not issues by official sources \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Alex Jones claimed on the InfoWars website that hospitals received $52,000 for every Covid-19 patient and knowingly misdiagnosed patients during the pandemic\n\nQ1: Did Alex Jones claim on the InfoWars website that hospitals received $52,000 for every Covid-19 patient and knowingly misdiagnosed patients during the pandemic?\nA1: This is totally not true and a fake news.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: Confirmed fake news. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Cloth masks trap carbon dioxide which is a risk to health.\n\nQ1: Do face masks trap air?\nA1: Masks are designed to be breathed through and can protect against respiratory droplets, which are typically much larger than tiny carbon dioxide molecules. Consequently, most carbon dioxide molecules will either go through the mask or escape along the mask's loose-fitting perimeter. Some carbon dioxide might collect between the mask and the wearer's face, but not at unsafe levels.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: Evidence found suggests that most carbon dioxide molecules either go through the mask or escape along the loose-fitting perimeter, and whilst some carbon dioxide cna collect between the mask and wearers face it doesnt reach unsafe levels so isnt a risk to health, the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Cloth masks do not filter anything.\n\nQ1: Why are cloth masks worn?\nA1: Well-fitting disposable surgical masks offer more protection than cloth or other woven masks, but less protection than respirators but cloth masks are better for the environment as they are reusable and do not contribute to landfill and useful when there is a mask shortage\n\nQ2: Are cloth masks effective in preventing the spread of viruses?\nA2: There is evidence to suggest that use of cloth face coverings by the public during a pandemic helps reduce disease transmission. Their primary role is to reduce the release of infectious particles into the air when someone speaks, coughs, or sneezes, including someone who has COVID-19 but feels well. Cloth face coverings are not a substitute for physical distancing, washing hands and staying home when ill, but they may be helpful when combined with these interventions.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: The answers and credible sources show that wearing masks do help in reducing transmission so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Alex Jones claimed on the InfoWars website that The United Nations said the economic crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic was ‘a good thing'.\n\nQ1: Is Alex Jones quoted as saying the economic crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic was ‘a good thing'.\nA1: yes he said “The world is going into an artificial financial collapse,” Jones says at the start of the video. “The head of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Organization said last week that’s a good thing and they’re using Covid to lower our standard of living to save the planet.”",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: Yes he said so. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Alex Jones claimed on the InfoWars website that Democratic-led areas told people to ‘never’ remove their masks during the pandemic.\n\nQ1: Who is Alex Jones?\nA1: Broadcaster and conspiracy theorist.\n\nQ2: Has Alex Jones been banned from Facebook because of extremist views?\nA2: Facebook Bans Alex Jones, Other Extremists—but Not as Planned.\n\nQ3: Did Democratic-led areas tell people to ‘never’ remove their masks?\nA3: No they said that 'Californians are now REQUIRED to wear face coverings in public spaces'.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: \"Required to wear in public\" is not the same as \"never remove\".\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: CERT-In issues a warning of possible phishing attacks.\n\nQ1: What is CERT-in?\nA1: The Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In) is serving as national agency for responding to cyber security incidents as per provisions of Section 70B of Information Technology Act, 2000. CERT-In receives inputs from its situational awareness systems and threat intelligence sources about malware infections in networks of entities across sectors. Whenever any incident comes to the notice of CERT-In, it issues alerts and advisories to the entities concerned and sectoral Computer Emergency Response Teams (CERTs) for remedial measures.\n\nQ2: Did CERT-in issue a warning about a potential cyber attack in June 2020?\nA2: Yes, because India's cyber security nodal agency, CERT-In has issued an advisory warning that the potential phishing attacks could impersonate government agencies, departments and trade bodies that have been tasked to oversee disbursement of government fiscal aid.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: Q&A pair 1 answer the part of the claim talking about what the 'CERT-IN' mentioned in the claim is, which is a emergency computer response team in India.\nQ&A 2 confirm that the CERT-IN did issue the warning shown in the claim about possible phishing attacks and so confirming the claim as true.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: A phishing attack that seemed like an official communique on the COVID-19 pandemic was expected to be launched from June 21 2020 onwards in major metropolitan cities of India.\n\nQ1: Have cities in India been attacked by a phishing scheme?\nA1: \"It has been reported that malicious actors are planning a large scale phishing attack campaign against Indian individuals and businesses... The emails are designed to drive recipients towards fake websites where they are deceived into downloading malicious files or entering personal and financial information,\" the advisory issued by the Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In) on Friday said.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: Reported by a government agency\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Doctors were banned from social media during the pandemic, for calling the pandemic a ‘hoax’.\n\nQ1: What does this claim refer to?\nA1: A controversial press conference by Doctors Dan Erickson and Artin Massihi of Accelerated Urgent Care, Bakersfield.\n\nQ2: How did the US medical authorities react to the press conference?\nA2: Joint Statement issued on April 27, 2020:\n\nThe American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) and the American Academy of Emergency Medicine (AAEM) jointly and emphatically condemn the recent opinions released by Dr. Daniel Erickson and Dr. Artin Massihi. These reckless and untested musings do not speak for medical societies and are inconsistent with current science and epidemiology regarding COVID-19. As owners of local urgent care clinics, it appears these two individuals are releasing biased, non-peer reviewed data to advance their personal financial interests without regard for the public’s health.\n\nCOVID-19 misinformation is widespread and dangerous. Members of ACEP and AAEM are first-hand witnesses to the human toll that COVID-19 is taking on our communities. ACEP and AAEM strongly advise against using any statements of Drs. Erickson and Massihi as a basis for policy and decision making.\n\nQ3: Did Doctors Dan Erickson and Artin Massihi call the pandemic a hoax?\nA3: No, because they talked about the coronavirus pandemic both at the state and local levels.\n\nQ4: Is the press conference video still available on YouTube?\nA4: No, because It has been removed for violating YouTube's community guidelines.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: Q&A 4 does state that 2 doctors had their YouTube video removed, but only for violating the guidelines for which it doesn't say further. but Q&A 3 states they did not call the pandemic a hoax in the removed video, so More relevant evidence is needed.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Surgical masks were designed and approved for sterile environments. Every time a person puts on their (surgical) mask they are breathing in the germs from everywhere they went. They should be changed or thrown out every 20-30 minutes in a non sterile environment.\n\nQ1: How do surgical masks work?\nA1: Surgical face masks are fairly loose-fitting, disposable masks approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as medical devices. Doctors, dentists, and nurses often wear them while treating patients.\n\nThese masks prevent large droplets of bodily fluids that may contain viruses or other germs from escaping via the nose and mouth. They also protect against splashes and sprays from other people, such as those from sneezes and coughs.\n\nQ2: How often should surgical masks be changed?\nA2: Generally, one time use (one patient encounter)\n\nQ3: Do we need to change the the surgical masks every 20-30 minutes as it traps the covid virus and we can breath as well as spread it ?\nA3: This is misleading. The person wearing the mask is breathing/coughing/sneezing into the mask and prevents the spread of virus.Surgical masks do not need to be changed out every 20-30 minutes. They need to be changed when they are noticeably dirty or damaged.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: QA pair states should only be changed when dirty or damaged and not at fixed time periods.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Alex Jones claimed on the InfoWars website that there were no patients for US hospital ships during the pandemic.\n\nQ1: Were warships deployed during the pandemic\nA1: The United States is to deploy military hospital ships to fight the coronavirus\n\nQ2: Did the hospital ships have patients to treat\nA2: But hospital admissions came in much lower than expected and the ship's crew only treated 182 patients, of which around 70 percent had COVID-19, the navy said in a statement Wednesday.\n\nQ3: Were warships deployed during the pandemic?\nA3: The United States is to deploy military hospital ships to fight the coronavirus\n\nQ4: Did the hospital ships have patients to treat?\nA4: But hospital admissions came in much lower than expected and the ship's crew only treated 182 patients, of which around 70 percent had COVID-19, the navy said in a statement Wednesday.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Q&A 1 states that as claimed the US did deploy a hospital ships to fight against the covid pandemic.\nQ&A 2 states that that at least one ship did in fact treat patients ( al lower number than expected but not 'none' as claimed), \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Vijaya Hospital founder's son died of Covid-19\n\nQ1: Who runs the Vijaya hospital?\nA1: Vijaya Hospital Group runs Vijaya Hospital and Vijaya Health Centre at Vadapalani in Chennai. The group is founded by B. Nagi Reddy, publisher of children’s magazine ‘Chandamama’, founder of Vijaya Vauhini Studios. One of Nagi Reddy’s sons, Viswanatha Reddy is the chief administrative officer of the hospital while other family members are trustees,\n\nQ2: Who is the person who died?\nA2: Sarath Reddy, son of B. Viswanatha Reddy and grandson of B. Nagi Reddy\n\nQ3: How did he die?\nA3: B. Sarath Reddy died of Coronavirus on June 19. Jeeva said that Sarath Reddy was infected by the virus a few days ago and put on a ventilator at Vijaya Health Centre before he breathed his last.\n\nQ4: Does B. Viswanatha Reddy work at B. Nagi Reddy Hospital?\nA4: Yes, because B. Viswanatha Reddy is the Chief Administrative Officer.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: QA pair states grandson of founder not son.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: China Manufactured 'Boycott China' Goods for the Indian market\n\nQ1: What is the Chinese law regarding the legality of China manufacturing Boycott China merchandise for the Indian market?\nA1: Chinese laws and regulations prohibit the export of products brandished with anti-China content and graphics\n\nQ2: What logo is reflected on the image of the Boycott China merchandise accompanying the report in \nDigital Phablet?\nA2: The image in the report has a watermark of 'The Fauxy' in the bottom left corner.\n\nQ3: What is The Fauxy?\nA3: The Fauxy is a Satire Web Portal. The content of this website is a work of fiction. Readers are advised not to confuse the articles of The Fauxy as genuine and true.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The 3rd question and answer shows that the article was done by a website that makes false news. The 2nd question and answer shows the watermark of the false news sites logo on the image. Therefore this claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In Nigeria,99% of revenue is being committed to debt servicing alone.\n\nQ1: How much was spent on servicing Nigeria's debt in the first quarter of 2020?\nA1: N943.12 billion\n99.2% of revenue",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: The answer shows that the claim is supported as it shows the correct percentage being used on debt management.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Kamala Harris vowed vengeance against Trump backers\n\nQ1: Where did the claim originate from\nA1: Bustatroll.org\n\nQ2: What kind of website is Bustatroll.org\nA2: It is a satirical website",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: This claim is refuted. According to the QA pair, the claim originated from the site \"bustatroll.org\". This is site is said to be a satirical website, so content on this site could be false. Therefore, this claim can be refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: During the first quarter of 2020, Nigeria's revenues stood at N950 billion.\n\nQ1: What was Nigeria's revenue for the first quarter of 2020?\nA1: N2.2 trillion.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: Reliable source, so clear that this is wrong. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Debt servicing obligations of Nigeria stood at N943.12 billion\n\nQ1: How much did Nigerian Government spend by March 2020?\nA1: 2.37 trillion.\n\nQ2: How much of the Government spending went into repaying debt?\nA2: 943.12 billion\n\nQ3: Over what period do the figures refer to?\nA3: (Jan-Mar) 2020",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: This claim is supported. According to the QA pair, 943.12 billion was used by the Nigerian government to repay debt. Therefore, the claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Since the COVID-19 crisis there has been disinformation on a scale we have never seen before.\n\nQ1: What is disinformation?\nA1: Disinformation is false information shared to deliberately deceive others.\n\nQ2: Prior to COVID-19 was there a lot of disinformation?\nA2: Yes, because Disinformation has existed long before COVID-19 and has been used to falsely discredit politicians and vaccinations.\n\nQ3: Has there been a rise in disinformation since the COVID-19 Pandemic?\nA3: In April 2020 alone, Facebook had 50 million reports of misleading content, and fact checking requests have increased significantly.\n\nQ4: Did fact check requests increase during the pandemic?\nA4: According to a study conducted by the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism on misinformation around COVID-19, between January 2020 and March 2020, the number of pieces of information fact-checking in English increased by 900%",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: There has been increase in fact checking requests \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Melania Trump tweeted in support of India, following the Indo-China clash at Galwan Valley.\n\nQ1: Does Melania Trump have an official twitter account.\nA1: Yes, because She has her own twitter account\n\nQ2: Did this tweet come from her official account?\nA2: No, because The tweet lacks the blue tick verifying it's from her official account",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: It is clear from the Q&As that Melania Trump did not tweet this support of India. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Donald Trump, Melania Trump, Angela Merkel and Benjamin Netanyahu tweeted in support of India, following the Indo-China clash at Galwan Valley.\n\nQ1: Did Donald and Melania Trump tweet in support of India, following the Indo-China clash at Galwan Valley?\nA1: No, because Tweets in support of India were made from fake Twitter accounts, not from the original Twitter accounts of the Trumps.\n\nQ2: Did Angela Merkel tweet in support of India, following the Indo-China clash at Galwan Valley?\nA2: No, because Tweets in support of India were made from fake Twitter accounts, not from the original Twitter account of Angela Merkel.\n\nQ3: Did Benjamin Netanyahu\ntweet in support of India, following the Indo-China clash at Galwan Valley?\nA3: No, because Tweets in support of India were made from fake Twitter accounts, not from the original Twitter account of Benjamin Netanyahu.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The question and answers are well structured and each person who was claimed to have made tweets supporting India have been given a question and supporting answers suggesting they were all fake accounts, so this refutes the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Nigeria bears 50% of the global sickle cell burden\n\nQ1: What percentage of the global sickle cell burden is borne by Nigeria?\nA1: Frequencies of the carrier state determine the prevalence of sickle-cell anaemia at birth. For\nexample, in Nigeria, by far the most populous country in the subregion, 24% of the population are\ncarriers of the mutant gene and the prevalence of sickle-cell anaemia is about 20 per 1000 births. This\nmeans that in Nigeria alone, about 150 000 children are born annually with sickle-cell anaemia.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The answers show that currently they bear 20% of sickle cell carriers so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: NIC, under the Government of India, has directed the regional executive and representatives of Google India and Apple India to restrict the functioning of Chinese applications from their respective stores as per instructions by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY). Including 15 apps in particular, which include TikTok, Club Factory, Shein, Vivo Video among others.\n\nQ1: What is the NIC\nA1: National Informatics Centre\n\nQ2: Which apps are mentioned in this claim?\nA2: LiveMe\nBigo Live\nVigo Video\nBeautyPlus\nCamScanner\nClash of Kings\nMobile Legends\nTik Tok\nClubFactory\nShein\nRomwe\nAppLock\nClubFactory\nVMate\nGame of Sultans\n\nQ3: What act in question is mentioned here?\nA3: IT Act 2000\n\nQ4: What is the Chapter in question?\nA4: Chapter 2.\n\nQ5: Does this deal with functioning of mobile applications?\nA5: To begin with, the IT Act 2000 is not divided into volumes but into Chapters and has nothing to do with functioning of mobile applications. Contrary to what the letter claims, Chapter 2 of the Act deals with “authentication of electronic records and electronic signatures.”\n\nQ6: Is there any evidence this is real?\nA6: No, because NIC officials confirmed this was fake.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: The answers and sources show that the claim is fake and therefore the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Prime minister of Israel Benjamin Netanyahu tweeted \"i stand with India\" after a clash between the Indian Army and the Chinese PLA\n\nQ1: Are the accounts that published the claim genuine?\nA1: It seems the accounts are fake, the twitter account mentions India as a location, which is not likely.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: From the QA it seems that the account that made the tweet is fake, therefore the claim is refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: PLA released names of 56 Chinese soldiers who died in Galwan Valley face-off\n\nQ1: When was the Galwan Valley Faceoff\nA1: In late May, Chinese forces objected to Indian road construction in the Galwan river valley.[40][41] According to Indian sources, melee fighting on 15–16 June 2020 resulted in the deaths of Chinese and Indian soldiers\n\nQ2: Did China release names of the casualties from the Galwan Valley faceoff\nA2: China has not released any information about Chinese casualties.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The source supports the claim that no information was released and is a reliable source. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Telangana govt has released guidelines to reopen schools in the state\n\nQ1: Did Telangana govt release any guidelines to reopen schools in the state during Covid in 2020-21 ?\nA1: Government sources, also, confirmed that no such guidelines have been released by the government and the claims are baseless.\n\nIn fact, the Press Information Bureau (PIB), Telangana, in a tweet, explicitly clarified that this information is untrue.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The question answer pairs show that this is explicitly untrue. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Chancellor of Germany Angela Merkel tweeted \"I stand with India\" after clash between the Indian Army and the Chinese PLA\n\nQ1: How is an twitter account is verified?\nA1: You can apply to be Twitter verified and receive a blue checkmark badge next to your name. To become verified on Twitter, you simply update your profile with current information, verify a phone number and email address, then fill out a form requesting consideration as a verified user.\n\nIf you're applying for verification of a personal profile as opposed to a business profile, you'll also need a copy of a photo ID like a passport or driver's license.\n\nQ2: How do you spot a fake twitter account?\nA2: Check the spelling and structure of the username: Fake Twitter accounts often use the real name, or something very similar, and the same photo as the genuine article, but the username is marginally different. \n\nCheck the bio - what does it say?: Does it say spoof or parody or contain anything unusual that might set alarm bells ringing (see Felix Baumgartner, above)? According to Twitter’s terms of use, parody accounts are not discouraged but they are obliged to make this clear in the bio. \n\nIs the account verified?: Accounts with the official tick badge have been checked by Twitter and are who they purport to be.\n\nQ3: Is there a blue-tick verification on the alleged tweet from Angela Merkel in the claim?\nA3: No, because There is no blue-tick verification in the claim tweet.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: While there is no proof from these questions and answers that the account is not Angela Merkel's, commonsense suggests that a public official such as the Chancellor of Germany would have a verified Twitter account. A further question exploring whether Angela Merkel had a verified Twitter account would have helped establish the evidence beyond all doubt.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: First Lady of US Melania Trump tweeted \"I stand with India\" after clash between the Indian Army and the Chinese PLA\n\nQ1: Did this Tweet come from an official, authenticated Twitter account?\nA1: No, because It has no blue tick verification.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: This tweet was no send from the official twitter account \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Police departments in Germany were defunded and eliminated by the Nazis under Hermann Goering.\n\nQ1: Who was Hermann Goering?\nA1: Hermann Göring, Göring also spelled Goering, (born January 12, 1893, Rosenheim, Germany—died October 15, 1946, Nürnberg), a leader of the Nazi Party and one of the primary architects of the Nazi police state in Germany.\n\nQ2: Was the police department in Germany defunded by the Nazis?\nA2: Beginning in 1933, the Nazis took control of and subsequently transformed the police forces of the Weimar Republic into instruments of state repression and, eventually, of genocide. They did so by Nazifying policing. \n\nThe Nazis expanded police power and used the police to target people they considered their political, racial, social, and criminal opponents.\n\nQ3: Did the Nazis eliminate Germany's police departments?\nA3: The new government removed anti-Nazi police leaders, reorganized Germany’s police forces, and reoriented police culture towards Nazism.\n\nQ4: Was the police department in Germany defunded and eliminated by the Nazis?\nA4: Beginning in 1933, the Nazis took control of and subsequently transformed the police forces of the Weimar Republic into instruments of state repression and, eventually, of genocide. They did so by Nazifying policing. The new government removed anti-Nazi police leaders, reorganized Germany’s police forces, and reoriented police culture towards Nazism.\n\nThe Nazis expanded police power and used the police to target people they considered their political, racial, social, and criminal opponents.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: While the Nazi's took over the police forces they did not eliminate them.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Prime Minister of Israel, Benjamin Netanyahu tweeted in support of India, following the Indo-China clash at Galwan Valley.\n\nQ1: Is the Twitter account that made the claim the official account of Benjamin Netanyahu?\nA1: No, because The account clearly states it is a parody account.\n\nQ2: Does Benjamin Netanyahu have a verified Twitter account, signified by a blue tick?\nA2: Yes, because He has a verified Twitter account.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: Its stated on the image that made the claim it is a parody account, therefore not true\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Shinzo Abe, Prime Minister of Japan tweeted \"I stand with India\" after clash between the Indian Army and the Chinese PLA\n\nQ1: Whose side did Shinzo Abe take after the clash between the Indian Army and the Chinese PLA\nA1: He didn't take any side rather he called for a high level dialogue with his Chinese counterparts for them to move on from unfortunate past history\n\nQ2: Is there evidence that these tweets cam from fake accounts?\nA2: Lots of the tweets came from fake accounts.The tweet came from a fake Donald trump account with no blue tick to show its verified.\n\nQ3: Do any of the tweets come from a verified account?\nA3: None of the tweets have a ‘blue-tick’ verification. No - (If a Twitter account is verified, it means the profile has been authenticated by Twitter and the person is who they say they are. Verified accounts are identifiable by a small blue checkmark next to the user's name.)",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answers show that Abe did not take a side and the claim seems to come from different accounts that seem to be fake therefore the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: US President Donald Trump\n tweeted in support of India, following the Indo-China clash at Galwan Valley.\n\nQ1: Was this tweeted from Donald Trump's authentic Twitter account?\nA1: No, because The account no longer exists.\nThe tweet has no blue tick and the name is incorrect.\n\nQ2: What did Donald Trump say about the dispute between China and India\nA2: . On May 27, President Trump tweeted that “the\nUnited States is ready, willing and able to mediate or arbitrate [China and India’s] now raging border\ndispute.”\n\nQ3: Is there evidence to confirm whether Donald Trump stood with India\nA3: No, the account doesn't exist anymore as it was closed down\n\nQ4: How do you identify a world leader's account on twitter\nA4: This is potentially a strange question, because verified accounts almost always belong to well-known people and brands.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: QA pairs state the tweet was not from Donald Trumps account.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: 'For every two babies born with sickle cell in the world, one is a Nigerian.’\n\nQ1: How many babies were born worldwide with sickle cell disease in 2020?\nA1: over 300,000 babies globally are born with severe sickle cell disease\n\nQ2: How many babies were born with Sickle cell disease in Nigeria in 2020?\nA2: Nigeria in 2010 had 91,000 newborns with SC\n\nQ3: How many Nigerians are diseased with the Sickle cell disorder\nA3: About 50 million people are living with SCD globally and Nigeria is the epicentre zone with about 4-6 million people living with the disease (1 in every 4 Nigerians has a sickle cell trait)",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: Based on 2020 figures stated in the QA pairs the results show just over 1 in 3 babies are born with sickle cell disease and not 1 in 2\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Ghana Health Service Central regional director halts mass coronavirus testing\n\nQ1: Was mass Corona virus testing halted in Ghana?\nA1: Yes, because Confirmed via official release document.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The source clearly shows the letter halting the mass testing so the claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Gov. Evers “has refused to identify or discipline the staff member who secretly taped” a conversation with GOP leaders.\n\nQ1: Which staff member in Tony Evers' office recorded a May 14 2020 phone meeting between the governor and Republican legislative leaders?\nA1: Tony Evers has refused to identify the staff member\n\nQ2: Has Evers disciplined or fired the staff member?\nA2: Evers said that the discipline measures are being handled internally.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Q&A pairs state the govener refused to identify the staff member as claimed but that the staff member is being disciplined internally which is not what the claim implies so cherry-picking chosen.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: A grocery store worker who wore a mask for hours at a time got a lung infection (pleurisy,) from “breathing in her own bacteria”.\n\nQ1: What is pluerisy?\nA1: Pleurisy is swelling (inflammation) of the thin layers of tissue (pleura) covering the lungs and the chest wall.\n\nQ2: What causes pleurisy?\nA2: In young, healthy people, an infection of the lower respiratory system by a virus or bacteria may cause pleurisy. Pleurisy usually lasts a few days to 2 weeks. In very rare cases, the virus or bacteria may spread and cause pleurisy in others.\n\nOther causes of pleurisy include air leaking into the pleural cavity from a hole in a lung (pneumothorax), injury to the chest (such as a broken rib), tuberculosis or other infections, or a tumor in the pleura.\n\nOther conditions may also cause pleurisy. These include rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, sickle cell crisis, pulmonary embolism, or pancreatitis. Pleurisy may also develop as a complication of heart surgery.\n\nQ3: Can you catch a virus by breathing in your own bacteria?\nA3: No, because you would be breathing in a virus you already have.",
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"content": "justification: From the third answer it is evident that gthe bacteria would not cause a virus. Therefore the claim is refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Public Health England issued new guidance that encourages the public to consider taking vitamin D supplements during community lockdownds due to COVID19\n\nQ1: Did Public Health England issue new guidance about taking Vitamin D during lockdown?\nA1: Public Health England (PHE) has updated its long-standing advice about vitamin D, stating that everyone should supplement with 10 micrograms daily, not just ‘at-risk’ groups.",
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"content": "justification: Seems the guidelines were indeed changed, therefore the label is supported \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Huawei Technologies was secretly in control of Iran’s Skycom Tech Co Ltd.\n\nQ1: Was Huawei Technologies secretly in control of Iran’s Skycom Tech Co Ltd ?\nA1: Newly leaked documents highlight how Huawei Technology was secretly controlling Skycom Tech Co Ltd, contradicting the claim that they were separate companies. As such, we label the claim that Huawei Technologies was secretly in control of Iran’s Skycom Tech Co Ltd as “True”.",
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"content": "justification: The answer and source show they were in control of the company so the claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Pregnant women are not more susceptible to COVID-19.\n\nQ1: What is this claim based on?\nA1: Caring for Women Who Are Planning a Pregnancy, Pregnant, or Postpartum During the COVID-19 Pandemic\n\nQ2: What does the JAMA article say about pregnant women & Covid-19?\nA2: Since its recognition in China in December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly spread throughout the world and become a pandemic. Although considerable data on COVID-19 are available, much remains to be learned about its effects on pregnant women and newborns.\n\nNo data are currently available to assess whether pregnant women are more susceptible to COVID-19. Pregnant women are at risk for severe disease associated with other respiratory illnesses (eg, 2009 H1N1 influenza),1 but thus far, pregnant women with COVID-19 do not appear to be at increased risk for severe disease compared with the general population\n\nQ3: What do the WHO guidelines say about the risks of Covid-19 for pregnant women?\nA3: Pregnant women or recently pregnant women who are older, overweight, and have pre-existing medical conditions such as hypertension and diabetes seem to have an increased risk of developing severe COVID-19\nDue to changes in their bodies and immune systems, we know that pregnant women can be badly affected by some respiratory infections. It is therefore important that they take precautions to protect themselves against COVID-19, and report possible symptoms (including fever, cough or difficulty in breathing) to their healthcare provider.\n\nQ4: Are pregnant women at risk of serious illness due to COVID-19?\nA4: Pregnant women might be at increased risk for severe COVID-19 illness. To reduce severe COVID-19–associated illness, pregnant women should be aware of their potential risk for severe COVID-19 illness. Prevention of COVID-19 should be emphasized for pregnant women and potential barriers to adherence to these measures need to be addressed.\n\nQ5: Can COVID-19 be passed from mother to unborn child?\nA5: We still do not know if a pregnant woman with COVID-19 can pass the virus to her fetus or baby during pregnancy or delivery. To date, the active virus has not been found in samples of fluid around the baby in the womb or breastmilk.",
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"content": "justification: QA Pairs state that:\n\npregnant women with COVID-19 do not appear to be at increased risk \n\nWhile another says:\nPregnant women or recently pregnant women who are older, overweight, and have pre-existing medical conditions such as hypertension and diabetes seem to have an increased risk of developing severe COVID-19\nDue to changes in their bodies and immune systems, we know that pregnant women can be badly affected by some respiratory infections. It is therefore important that they take precautions to protect themselves against COVID-19, and report possible symptoms (including fever, cough or difficulty in breathing) to their healthcare provider.\n\nSo other health factors seem to play a part.\n\n\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Viral message claims Facebook will make private photos public\n\nQ1: Can Facebook make your photos go public?\nA1: If you share a photo on Facebook, you give us permission to store, copy, and share it with others (again, consistent with your settings) such as service providers that support our service or other Facebook Products you use. This license will end when your content is deleted from our systems.”\n\nQ2: Will posting in the post in the claim change Facebooks policies?\nA2: This means if we deactivate our account, Facebook will delete the stored data from our profile. Apart from that, the author, i.e. the one who posts the article, owns the copyright of the content.\nWe don’t sell your personal data to advertisers, and we don’t share information that directly identifies you (such as your name, email address, or other contact information) with advertisers unless you give us specific permission.\nSo posting the viral message on your wall will not change Facebook’s policies.\n\nQ3: Will posting a viral message on your Facebook wall change Facebook permissions?\nA3: No. Posting a viral message will not make facebook change the privacy settings on your account.\n\nQ4: Can Facebook save images that you post on Facebook ie your photos?\nA4: Facebook states \"We also collect the content you create, upload, or receive from others when using our services. This includes things like email you write and receive, photos and videos you save, docs and spreadsheets you create, and comments you make on YouTube videos.\"\n\nQ5: Can Facebook use your photos for anything they like?\nA5: Facebook settings will control what Facebook can do with your photos. You have choices regarding the information Facebook collects and how it's used. Facebook cannot override your choices.",
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"content": "justification: According to Facebook, If you share a photo on Facebook you automatically grant permission to store, copy, and share it with others (again, consistent with your settings). Facebook will not make private photos public. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: People with no recourse to public funds are not yet able to claim free school meal vouchers in the UK\n\nQ1: What does \"no recourse to public funds\" mean?\nA1: No recourse to public funds (NRPF) is a standard condition applied to those staying here with a temporary immigration status to protect public funds. Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR) is set as the general threshold for permitting migrants to access public funds. Migrants who are here without leave are also subject to no recourse to public funds. Therefore, most migrants do not have access to public funds as a matter of course.\n\nQ2: During the pandemic do children from NRPF groups have access to free school meals?\nA2: Some of them do:-\nDuring the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, we are temporarily extending free school meal eligibility to include some children of groups who have no recourse to public funds (NRPF).\n\nThese groups are:\n\nchildren of Zambrano carers\nchildren of families with no recourse to public funds with a right to remain in the UK on grounds of private and family life under Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights\nchildren of families receiving support under Section 17 of the Children Act 1989 who are also subject to a no recourse to public funds restriction",
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"content": "justification: Some can claim free school meals, and some can't. \n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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