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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The low-cost steroid dexamethasone is a “life-saving” drug for COVID-19 patients.\n\nQ1: What research has been conducted into the effectiveness of dexamethosone as a COVID-19 treatment?\nA1: The British Government clinical trial tested six treatment options as part of its RECOVERY trial. One of these was dexamethosone.\n\nQ2: What did the government's RECOVERY trial find out about the effectiveness of dexamethosone as a COVID-19 treatment?\nA2: Dexamethasone reduced deaths by one-third in ventilated patients (rate ratio 0.65 [95% confidence interval 0.48 to 0.88]; p=0.0003) and by one fifth in other patients receiving oxygen only (0.80 [0.67 to 0.96]; p=0.0021). There was no benefit among those patients who did not require respiratory support (1.22 [0.86 to 1.75]; p=0.14).\n\nBased on these results, 1 death would be prevented by treatment of around 8 ventilated patients or around 25 patients requiring oxygen alone.\n\nQ3: What have medical professionals said about the use of dexamethasone against the coronavirus?\nA3: Department of Health on Wednesday advised the public to be cautious in interpreting the preliminary study findings that steroid drug dexamethasone can reduce the risk of the sickest patients dying from coronavirus disease.\n\nDOH expressed concern that this discovery might lead people to ‘think it is a magic pill for COVID-19.’\n\nQ4: When was the claim made?\nA4: 17/06/2020\n\nQ5: Is there an FDA-approved cure for COVID-19 as of June 17, 2020?\nA5: No, because The health official reiterated that there is still no proven cure for and vaccine against COVID-19.\n\nQ6: What is dexamethasone used for?\nA6: As an anti-inflammatory medication. \n\nDexamethasone relieves inflammation in various parts of the body. It is used specifically to decrease swelling (edema), associated with tumors of the spine and brain, and to treat eye inflammation.\n\nTo treat or prevent allergic reactions.\n\nAs treatment of certain kinds of autoimmune diseases, skin conditions, asthma and other lung conditions.\n\nAs treatment for a variety of cancers, such as leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. \n\nTo treat nausea and vomiting associated with some chemotherapy drugs.\n\nUsed to stimulate appetite in cancer patients with severe appetite problems. \n\nAlso used to replace steroids in conditions of adrenal insufficiency (low production of needed steroids produced by the adrenal glands).\n\nQ7: Can dexamethasone be used to treat COVID-19?\nA7: Dexamethasone is the first drug to be shown to improve survival in COVID-19. This is an extremely welcome result. The survival benefit is clear and large in those patients who are sick enough to require oxygen treatment, so dexamethasone should now become standard of care in these patients. Dexamethasone is inexpensive, on the shelf, and can be used immediately to save lives worldwide.\n\nQ8: Is dexamethasone a low-cost drug?\nA8: Yes, because Dexamethasone is a low-cost drug.",
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"content": "justification: Confirmed as a low cost drug.\n\nEffectively reduced deaths in 1/3 of people on ventilators.\n\nEffectively reduced deaths by 20% in those on oxygen.\n\nNo Benefit among patients not receiving respiratory support.\n\nI have marked conflicting evidence because it saves some people in some circumstances.\n\nNot effective in those \n\n\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Nancy Green aka Aunt Jemima was the FIRST black millionaire! she sold her pancake mix to General Mills Corp\n\nQ1: What was Aunt Jemima Model Nancy Greens Net worth at her time of death?\nA1: No answer could be found.\n\nQ2: How long did Nancy Green portray Aunt Jemima ?\nA2: Despite her \"lifetime contract,\" she portrayed the role for no more than 20 years\n\nQ3: Did Nancy Green have any other jobs after her role as Aunt Jemima?\nA3: In 1910, at age 76, Green was still working as a residential housekeeper according to the census.\n\nQ4: Was Aunt Jemima Model Nancy Greens the first black millionaire?\nA4: No, because Madam C.J. Walker (December 23, 1867 – May 25, 1919) was the first black millionaire.\n\nQ5: Was Nancy Green aka Aunt Jemima a millionaire?\nA5: NO! She did not get paid for modelling as Aunt Jemima\n\nQ6: Did she own the rights to the Aunt Jemima pancake mix?\nA6: No, she only did modeling as Aunt Jemima",
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"content": "justification: The first Q&A shows that Nancy Green was not the first black millionaire so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Donald Trump made Juneteenth \"very famous,\" as he described in a Wall Street Journal interview June 17, 2020. Prior to him planning a rally on June 19, \"nobody had ever heard of it.\"\n\nQ1: What is Jointh?\nA1: The tradition started in 1866 in Texas and spread to nearby states.\n\nThe Civil Rights movement infused Juneteenth with new energy.\n\nToday, 47 states recognize the day.\n\nQ2: What is Juneteenth?\nA2: The tradition started in 1866 in Texas and spread to nearby states.\n\nThe Civil Rights movement infused Juneteenth with new energy.\n\nToday, 47 states recognize the day.\n\nQ3: Where does Juneteenth stem from?\nA3: Juneteenth is the oldest known celebration of African American freedom, marking the ending of slavery in the U.S. \nIt commemorates the week in June 1865 that Major Gen. Gordon Granger led the Union soldiers to Galveston, Texas, declaring the war was over and the enslaved could go free. \nWhile President Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation officially freed slaves more than two years earlier, it was the surrender of General Lee in April 1865 and Granger’s arrival with the troops that created a force strong enough to overcome Texas’ resistance to the executive order to free slaves. \nThe culmination of Granger’s trip led to his June 19 reading of the proclamation, coined as “Juneteenth” — the day the freed slaves and their families recounted memories, reassured each other of a newly-promised future and gathered in prayer.\n\nQ4: Do Americans know about Juneteenth?\nA4: Today, if Americans have any knowledge at all about commemorations of the end of U.S. slavery, their reference point is generally Juneteenth.\n\nQ5: When did Juneteenth first become a state holiday?\nA5: In 1980, Texas became the first state to recognize June 19 as a state holiday, which it did with legislation.\n\nQ6: Is Juneteenth recognized as a state holiday in other U.S. states?\nA6: As of 2020, 48 states and the District of Columbia have passed legislation recognizing Juneteenth as a state holiday or as a day of observance.\n\nQ7: When did Juneteenth become prominent within U.S. states?\nA7: The annual celebration began to spread throughout Texas and surrounding states. However, it became less popular in the early 1900's. It became popular once again in the 1950's and 1960's. In 1980 it became an official state holiday in Texas. There is currently a movement to get the day recognized on a national level.",
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"content": "justification: it's clear from the answers that Juneteenth had been famous for a very long time, prior to Donald Trump\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Myanmar will launch a satellite to provide free internet to all of its citizens.\n\nQ1: Is Myanmar going to launch a satellite?\nA1: Yes, because Myanmar plans to launch its first satellite in 2021, using Japanese technology.\n\nQ2: Will Myanmar's new satellite give the people of Myanmar free internet access?\nA2: No, because The satellite will be an earth observation satellite.",
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"content": "justification: the answers show that Myanmar will launch a satellite but this is not for providing free internet to all its citizens.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Establishing A One World Government is Part Of UN's 'mission goals.\n\nQ1: What are the UN mission goals\nA1: Goal 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere\nGoal 2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture\nGoal 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages\nGoal 4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all\nGoal 5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls\nGoal 6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all\nGoal 7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all\nGoal 8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all\nGoal 9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation\nGoal 10. Reduce inequality within and among countries\nGoal 11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable\nGoal 12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns\nGoal 13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts*\nGoal 14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development\nGoal 15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss\nGoal 16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels\nGoal 17. Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development",
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"content": "justification: The source which is the UN official website does not mention the specific goal mentioned in the claim and therefore the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: A study conducted by World Health Organization (WHO) and major hospitals has found that Covid-19 has become weaker and harmless.\n\nQ1: What is the World Health Organisation?\nA1: The World Health Organisation (WHO) is a specialised agency of the United Nations, established in 1948. The constitution of WHO was signed by 61 countries in 1946, which has increased to a total of 164 countries in 2016.\n\nQ2: Has anyone indicated that Covid-19 has become weaker and less lethal at any point?\nA2: Yes, because An Italian doctor Alberto Zangrillo has suggested that it has become weaker and practically no longer exists in Italy.\n\nQ3: Has WHO responded to claims by the Italian doctor?\nA3: Yes, because They have responded directly regarding the Italian doctors claims in a press conference video and clarified that they do not believe it is less potent or significantly weaker by stating, \n\n\"We need to be exceptionally careful not to create a sense that, all of a sudden, the virus, by its own volition, has now decided to be less pathogenic. It is not the case at all,\" WHO emergencies director Michael Ryan tells a virtual press briefing.",
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"content": "justification: Evidence provided of WHO stating it does not believe Covid-19 has become less pathogenic.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Herbal medicine from Tanzania cure Covid-19\n\nQ1: When was this claim made?\nA1: 2020\n\nQ2: Does the claim say the cure is backed by the government of Tanzania?\nA2: Yes, because Claim states the cure was brought out by the government.\n\nQ3: Has the Tanzanian government confirmed this Covid cure?\nA3: On May 3, the Tanzanian health ministry issued a statement clarifying that no medicine to cure Covid-19 is available as of now.",
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"content": "justification: The answer and sources show that the claim is fake news so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Former President Barack Obama was born in Kenya, according to his birth certificate.\n\nQ1: Where was former President Barack Obama born, according to his birth certificate?\nA1: Barack Hussein Obama II was born in Honolulu, Hawaii, United States\n\nQ2: Has the Hawaii Department of Health verified the authenticity of Barack Obama's birth certificate?\nA2: Yes, because A Hawaii Department of Health official, Loretta Fuddy, confirmed Obama's \"long form\" birth certificate as part of the state's effort to put to rest questions about whether he was really born in the United States.",
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"content": "justification: Obama's birth certificate has been confirmed as authentic by a Hawaii Department of Health official, thus confirming he was born in Hawaii, and not Kenya.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: North Korea blew up the office used for South Korea talks.\n\nQ1: Was the North Korean and South Korean Liaison office blown up\nA1: North Korea blew up an inter-Korean liaison office building just north of the heavily armed border with South Korea on Tuesday in a dramatic display of anger that sharply raises tensions on the Korean Peninsula and puts pressure on Washington and Seoul amid deadlocked nuclear diplomacy",
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"content": "justification: Evidence shows that North Korea did blow up an inter-Korean liaison office building just north of the heavily armed border with South Korea on Tuesday in a dramatic display of anger that sharply raises tensions on the Korean Peninsula and puts pressure on Washington and Seoul amid deadlocked nuclear diplomacy.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Denis Mukwege, a medical doctor and Nobel Peace laureate from the Democratic Republic of Congo, resigned from the Congolese government’s Coronavirus Response (Taskforce) Team because he was asked to manipulate numbers of COVID-19 patients.\n\nQ1: Why did Dr Denis Mukwege resign from the Congolese government’s Coronavirus Response (Taskforce) Team?\nA1: Dr Denis Mukwege said he was quitting a special Commission for fighting Covid-19 in South Kivu, citing lack of facilitation from the government.\nIn a resignation note publicised on Wednesday, Dr Mukwege said the lack of laboratories for testing for the virus had frustrated the team’s work.",
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"content": "justification: This claim is refuted. According to the QA pair, Denis Mukwege resigned due to the lack of laboratories for testing COVID-19, which frustrated the team's work. Therefore, this claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: America’s most violent cities are that way because of their Democratic politics\n\nQ1: What are the U.S top 3 cities for violent rime as of 2020?\nA1: 2019 stats show the top 3 U.S cities for homicide rate are, \n- St. Louis\n- Baltimore\n- Detroit\n\nQ2: Who was the governor of U.S city St. Louis?\nA2: Gov. Mike Parson (MO)\n\nQ3: Is Gov. Mike Parson a republican or democrat?\nA3: Republican.\n\nQ4: Who was the Governor of Baltimore in 2020?\nA4: Larry Hogan is an American businessman and politician and the 62nd Governor of Maryland\n\nQ5: Is Gov Larry Hogan a republican or democrat?\nA5: Republican.\n\nQ6: Who was the Governor of Detroit in 2020?\nA6: Gretchen Whitmer\n\nQ7: Is Gov Gretchen Whitmer a republican or democrat?\nA7: Democratic Party\n\nQ8: What are the most dangerous cities in the USA?\nA8: Teh top 5 are Detroit, St Louis, Oakland, Cleveland and New Orleans.\n\nQ9: Are Detroit, St Louis, Oakland, Cleveland and New Orleans Republican or Democrat?\nA9: They are a mix of both.",
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"content": "justification: two of the top 3 violent cities are republican, not democrat, so this is refuted. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Myanmar citizens to get free phone internet.\n\nQ1: What kind of satellite is being built by Myanmar\nA1: An earth observation satellite\n\nQ2: Is the satellite supposed to also deliver free internet access to the people of Myanmar\nA2: No, because It will be used to raise productivity in agriculture, as well as to prevent and reduce damage from disasters and monitor environmental pollution\n\nQ3: What was the reason the claim says Myanmar citizens are to get free phone internet?\nA3: Myanmar citizens to get free phone internet when its own satellite using Japan’s technology is launched.\n\nQ4: Was Myanmar launching a satellite at the time of the claim (2020)\nA4: Yes, because Myanmar Aerospace Engineering University, was launching what it called a 'micro satellite'\n\nQ5: Was the satellite going to provide free mobile internet to myanmar citizens?\nA5: No it will only give images, its not a communication satellite.",
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"content": "justification: Evidence finds that Myanmar citizens will not be getting free phone internet. Hence, the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Five Chinese soldiers were killed in a border dispute with India in June 2020.\n\nQ1: Did five Chinese soldiers die in a border dispute with India in June 2020?\nA1: The official Global Times accounts have NEVER reported the exact casualties on the Chinese side. The Global Times CANNOT confirm the number at the moment.\n\nQ2: Were there any Chinese casualties in a border dispute with India in June 2020?\nA2: Yes, because Based on what I know, Chinese side also suffered casualties in the Galwan Valley physical clash. I want to tell the Indian side, don’t be arrogant and misread China’s restraint as being weak. China doesn’t want to have a clash with India, but we don’t fear it.\n\nQ3: What was the date of the claim?\nA3: June 16th 2020\n\nQ4: Where there any boarder disputes reported before the time of the claim at the china/India boarder which involved deaths of solders?\nA4: no casualties of this magnitude have occurred since 1967.\n\nQ5: Where did the clash take place?\nA5: in the Galwan Valley\n\nQ6: Were any solders confirmed killed in the galwan valley clash?\nA6: Twenty Indian soldiers were killed in the clash,\nand \nGlobal Times, said there had been Chinese casualties in the clash, but he did not specify whether there were any deaths .",
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"content": "justification: Chinese side didn’t release number of PLA casualties in clash with Indian soldiers. There is no enough evidence to confirm or refute the number of Chinese soldiers that were killed. \n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Boy Scouts of America are committed to act against racial injustice.\n\nQ1: What is the Boy Scouts of Americas stance on racial injustice?\nA1: The BSA have said they are committed to act against racial injustice.",
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"content": "justification: from the question and answer pair, it seems that the claim is indeed supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: An Expansion of Mail-in Ballots would increase the chance of theft in the USA.\n\nQ1: Who made this claim about the potential for theft of mail in ballots?\nA1: Donald Trump\n\nQ2: Has Donald Trump voted by mail in ballot?\nA2: Trump voted earlier this year, in a no-excuse absentee vote state -- meaning that a voter can request an absentee ballot (aka one you fill out at home and mail back to the election authority) without offering any excuse for why they want to do so.\nWhich is what Trump did. Being president is a more than full-time job, and he couldn't make time to travel to Florida to cast a vote in person. So he voted absentee.\n\nQ3: How secure is mail in voting (absentee ballot voteing)?\nA3: Numerous safeguards are included in the absentee voting process. Absentee ballots are sent only to registered voters who request them using an official N.C. Absentee Ballot Request Form before the deadline. The request must be signed and include identifying information about the voter, including date of birth and driver’s license number or last four digits of the voter’s Social Security number. Voters must vote their ballot in the presence of two witnesses or a notary, and those witnesses must sign the absentee return envelope certifying that the voter marked their ballot and is the registered voter submitting the marked ballot.\n\nOnly the voter or their near relative or legal guardian may return the ballot. Upon return, the county board of elections reviews the absentee envelope to ensure compliance with the legal requirements. Once the ballot is accepted, that voter is marked in the system as having voted in that election.\n\nData on who has requested absentee ballots is now confidential until Election Day. Criminal penalties have been increased for absentee voting fraud-related offenses. Many people are watching our absentee voting process, including candidates, political parties, county boards of elections, and political and data scientists. If there are anomalies or questionable activities, they will be identified by or reported to election officials.\n\nFinally, the State Board of Elections has an Investigations Division that investigates credible allegations of elections fraud and refers cases to prosecutors when warranted by the evidence. The State Board also conducts several post-election audits which will catch inconsistencies that can then be investigated by the board or the Investigations Division.\n\nQ4: What prevents someone from voting absentee and then voting again in-person?\nA4: If someone has voted an absentee ballot and then shows up to vote in person, the check-in system will alert the poll worker that the person has already voted. Voting twice in the same election is a crime and is investigated by the State Board and referred to prosecutors when warranted by the evidence",
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"content": "justification: The QA cover a lot of ground in terms of information around voter fraud and mail in ballots, there good probing question and good answers which give a very good view of it and allow for a good decision on the claim. Based on the information gathered from the QA it appears the claim itself was made by Donald Trump, we know that he has a problem with mail in ballots as he often refers to them as being a method of rigging an election, the QA has found that Donald Trump himself however used a mail in absentee ballot to vote. Theres plenty of information from further QA to discover that theres lots of secure safeguards in place to both prevent voter fraud and it also prooves that someone is not possible to vote by mail then in person. For this claim I have therefore refuted it.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Absentee voters in the USA have to go through a Very strict process.\n\nQ1: What are permissible reasons for absentee voting\nA1: a voter must be able to personally mark their own ballot and sign their name to the completed ballot security envelope and have a reason to request an absentee vote-by-mail ballot:\n\nYou have a specific, reasonable expectation that you will be absent from the county on Election Day during the entire 12 hours that the polls are open (6 am until 6 pm).\nYou have a disability.\nYou are at least 65 years of age.\nYou will have official election duties outside of your voting precinct.\nYou are scheduled to work at your regular place of employment during the entire 12 hours that the polls are open.\nYou will be confined due to illness or injury or you will be caring for an individual confined due to illness or injury during the entire 12 hours that the polls are open.\nYou are prevented from voting because of a religious discipline or religious holiday during the entire 12 hours that the polls are open.\nYou are a participant in the state's address confidentiality program.\nYou are a member of the military or a public safety officer.\nYou are a \"serious sex offender\" as defined in Indiana Code 35-42-4-14(a).\nYou are prevented from voting due to the unavailability of transportation to the polls.\n\nQ2: Are there other processes involved in absentee voting asides the States recognized laws\nA2: No, because Each state in the US has its own rules as regards absentee voting and where its permitted, the rules and requirements are not so different from each other",
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"content": "justification: Each state has their own process for voting therefore the claim is ref5\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The Boy Scouts are supporting Black Lives Matter and are required to earn a diversity badge.\n\nQ1: Are the Boy Scouts actively supporting Black lives matter?\nA1: Yes, because An official statement from the Boy Scouts of America states the following: The Boy Scouts of America stands with Black families and the Black community because we believe that Black Lives Matter. This is not a political issue; it is a human rights issue and one we all have a duty to address.\n\nQ2: Do Boy Scouts have to earn a diversity badge?\nA2: Yes, because An official statement from the Boy Scouts of America states the following: Introducing a specific diversity and inclusion merit badge that will be required for the rank of Eagle Scout. It will build on components within existing merit badges, including the American Cultures and Citizenship in the Community merit badges, which require Scouts to learn about and engage with other groups and cultures to increase understanding and spur positive action.",
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"content": "justification: the answers confirm the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Comedian Steve Harvey Wrote 'How I Feel About Trump' Post\n\nQ1: Did comedian Steve Harvey write a post titled \"How I Feel About Trump\" ?\nA1: No, that's not true: The post is a letter written in 2016 and addressed to the Republican National Committee by someone who claims to be an 80-year-old who is responding to a fundraiser solicitation.\n\nQ2: Who wrote how I feel about Donald Trump?\nA2: No answer could be found.\n\nQ3: Did Steve Harvey appreciate Donald Trump’s ‘Raccoons’ on Facebook?\nA3: No answer could be found.",
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"content": "justification: The first Q&A shows that the letter was written by someone other than Steve Harvey so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: US House Speaker Nancy Pelosi violated a military tradition when she gave a folded US flag to the brother of George Floyd, who was killed in police custody in Minneapolis in late May 2020.\n\nQ1: When did Pelosi Gift a Folded flag to George Floyds Brother?\nA1: June 10th 2020\n\nQ2: Has a folded flag been gifted to any non military personnel prior to June 10th 2020?\nA2: Yes, United States Congressman Dennis Ross gave an American Flag flown over the Capitol in honour of the new school during a grand opening ceremony for Citrus Ridge: A Civics Academy in Davenport, Fl on Friday December 9, 2016.\n\nQ3: Is there rules against gifting a U.S. flag?\nA3: No answer could be found.\n\nQ4: Has a US flag ever been given as a gift by a member of Congress before?\nA4: Yes, because United States Congressman Dennis Ross gave an American Flag flown over the Capitol in honor of the new school during a grand opening ceremony for Citrus Ridge: A Civics Academy in Davenport, Fl on Friday December 9, 2016.\n\nQ5: Is the gift of folded U.S. flags only for fall veterans?\nA5: There is no mention of this in the United States Flag Code.",
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"content": "justification: Q&A 1 confirms the event in the claim happened, Q&A 2 state it has happened before on more than one occasion,\nQ&A 3 state no answer to see of it is against rules but this is moot as the claim doesn't say a rule was broken, only tradition, \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Atlanta Police said white supremacists shot seven black people, killing two, in a drive-by shooting in Atlanta on Saturday, June 13, 2020\n\nQ1: Was there a drive-by shooting reported in Atlanta on Saturday, June 13, 2020?\nA1: Yes, because 2 dead, 5 injured in drive-by shooting in Edgewood neighbourhood on Saturday, June 13, 2020\n\nQ2: Who carried out the drive- by shooting?\nA2: A description of the shooter is not available according to the news report.\n\nQ3: What evidence is there that the shooter(s) were white supremacists?\nA3: No answer could be found.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Since the description of the shooter is not available according to the news report. It is evidently clear that there is no enough evidence to refute or support this claim.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: President Donald Trump’s re-election campaign is seeking “MINORITY Actors” to hold signs at his June 20 rally in Tulsa, Oklahoma.\n\nQ1: Did the Trump campaign make posts on craigslist for support\nA1: No answer could be found.\n\nQ2: When did the Trump rally in Tulsa hold\nA2: It finally held on June 20 after being initially scheduled for June 19",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The question and answers below do not give any evidence to support or refute the claim so there is not enough evidence.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: AICTE is conducting online survey related to university exam.\n\nQ1: What is AICTE?\nA1: All India Council for Technical Education\n\nQ2: What was the survey meant to be about?\nA2: On June 5, 2020, AICTE tweeted that: Students are forwarding grievances related to conduct of semester exams. AICTE has already endorsed UGC guidelines for its approved institutions. Aggrieved students to address their concerns to university bodies who shall take judicious call based on the prevailing local situations.\n\n#Students are forwarding grievances related to conduct of semester exams. #AICTE has already endorsed UGC guidelines for its approved institutions. Aggrieved students to address their concerns to university bodies who shall take judicious call based on prevailing local situation\n\nQ3: Did they issue a survey for this?\nA3: there was no Google form released by AICTE as mentioned in the viral post. Instead, aggrieved students had been asked to address their concerns to university bodies. the form is not on their site",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Seems from the 3rd QA that there is actually no online survey for the students. Therefore, the claim is refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: There will be a strict lockdown reimposed in Delhi starting June 18, 2020 to contain the spread of COVID-19.\n\nQ1: Was there a further lockdown in Delhi starting June 18, 2020 to contain the spread of COVID-19?\nA1: There are \"no plans\" for another lockdown in Delhi, Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal tweeted today, rejecting speculation spurred by a spike in coronavirus cases in the capital. Mr Kejriwal put out the clarification shortly after an all-party meeting called by Home Minister Amit Shah to discuss the virus strategy for Delhi and its neighbouring areas.\n\nQ2: What was the date of article stating there will not be another lockdown in June?\nA2: June 15, 2020.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Refuted via Chief minister and article source.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Mexico is leaving the most difficult stage of the COVID-19 pandemic and I consider the worst is over.\n\nQ1: what was Mexico's efforts towards the covid 19 pandemic\nA1: Mexico was one of the countries that had the lowest level of covid-19 testing [0.4]\n\nQ2: How many deaths were recorded in Mexico City after the claim was made\nA2: Between March 18 and May 12, 4,577 death certificates were issued in Mexico City in which the words Covid-19, or coronavirus or Sars Cov 2, appear as the cause of death, confirmed or probable; that is, 3 times more deaths related to the pandemic than those reported by official figures.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: This claim is refuted. According to the QA pairs, Mexico is one of the countries that had the lowest level of covid-19 testing. If covid-19 testing is low, the possiblies of knowing how well Mexico is handling the pandemic is unknown due to unreliable numbers. For example, if low covid-19 testing is done then Mexico may report low covid-19 cases, but this may not be a valid statistic as not enough people are getting tested. Therefore, this claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Actor Matt Damon was planning on leaving the United States for Australia to get away from President Trump.\n\nQ1: When was this claim made?\nA1: 14/06/2020\n\nQ2: When was this claim first reported?\nA2: 15/03/2018\n\nQ3: Did Matt Damon respond to this claim?\nA3: But Damon spokeswoman Jennifer Allen told the Associated Press that while Damon had visited Australia a lot recently he had not bought a home there.\n\nAllen, who repeatedly ignored requests for comment from Page Six, told the Associated Press, “He’s not moving out of the U.S.” She did not comment about Damon’s feelings about the president.\n\nQ4: Where was Matt Damon living in June 2020?\nA4: Los Angeles",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Evidence confirms that Matt Damon is not planning to move to Australia and currently resides in Los Angeles, California. Hence, the claim is refuted. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Milwaukee health department declared racism as a public health crisis in 2019.\n\nQ1: In 2019, Did the Milwaukee health department officially declare racism as a public health crisis ?\nA1: Yes on May 20th 2019.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: A Q&A confirming that the person quoted is an official representative of the health department would assist to verify this claim.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Milwaukee declared racism as a public health crisis in 2019.\n\nQ1: Did Milwaukee declared racism as a public health crisis in 2019?\nA1: Officials signed the ordinance one year after Milwaukee County passes a first-of-kind resolution declaring racism as a public health crisis in May 2019.\n\nQ2: Why did Milwaukee declare racism as a public health crisis in 2019 ?\nA2: Milwaukee, both the city and county, passed resolutions last summer that were seen as important steps in addressing decades of race-based inequality.\n\n“We declared racism as a public health issue,” said Kowalik, the city’s health commissioner. “It frames not only how we do our work but how transparent we are about how things are going. It impacts how we manage an outbreak",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: Milwauke declared racism as public health crisis in May 2019 \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The Ministry of Home Affairs of India has decided to implement a complete lockdown in Delhi-NCR from June 18, 2020 for four weeks.\n\nQ1: What lockdown measures has India announced for June 2020?\nA1: For the first time since the first lockdown was announced on March 24, the government for the first time moved towards unlocking the country, with easing of several restrictions in non-containment areas. As per the government, like the nationwide lockdown, the unlocking will also be done in three parts. The guidelines issued by the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) on Saturday comprised guidelines for phase 1 of resumption of economic activities across states. These guidelines will come into effect from June 1, 2020, and will be effective till June 30, 2020.\n\nQ2: Was there a complete lockdown plan in Delhi NCR by the Ministry of Home Affairs, from June 18 onwards for four weeks ?\nA2: The Press Information Bureau (PIB), in a tweet, clarified that the government has no such plans as of yet. There is no such plan under consideration. Please beware of rumour mongers.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: Q&A1 establishes that the MHA was introducing unlocking and Q&A2 directly refutes this claim.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Sarah Huckabee Sanders posted a conspiratorial tweet and claimed “It’s ‘odd’ that the ANITFA insurgency happened just as COVID-19 loses steam It’s ‘odd’ that COVID-19 happened the moment impeachment failed. It’s ‘odd’ that impeachment happened the moment Russian hoax failed. The Russian hoax happened because Hillary lost. Notice the pattern?”\n\nQ1: What is the official twitter handle of Sarah Huckabee\nA1: Sarah Huckabee Sanders\n\nQ2: Which account was conspiratorial tweet made for\nA2: It was made from a now suspended account that bore the name Sarah Hucklebee\n\nQ3: Is Sarah Huckabee's twitter account still active\nA3: Yes, because The account is still active\n\nQ4: Was the twitter account that the claim was made from spelt correctly?\nA4: No, because It stated Sarah Hucklebee which is incorrect",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: this did not come from the official Sarah Huckabee Sanders twitter, but a different one which is now suspended. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The police officer charged with killing George Floyd still eligible for pension benefits.\n\nQ1: Was a police officer charged with killing George Floyd?\nA1: Derek Chauvin, a now former Minneapolis police officer, was charged with third-degree murder in connection to the death of George Floyd.\n\nQ2: Is ex-officer Derek Chauvin still eligible for an officers pension?\nA2: Former Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin can receive $ 1 million in pension benefits. Even if he was found guilty of murdering George Floyd",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The answers and sources show that Derek Chauvin will receive pension benefits so the claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: NASCAR bans the confederate flag.\n\nQ1: What has the NASCAR authority decided to do concerning confederate flags\nA1: The presence of Confederate flags have been banned from all NASCAR events, races and properties effective immediately, stock car racing's governing body announced Wednesday.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: From the QA it seems thatthe flag is indeed banned, therefore the claim is supported\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The Daughters of the Confederacy sued NASCAR for violating the First Amendment.\n\nQ1: Where was this claim published?\nA1: bustaroll.org\n\nQ2: What is bustaroll?\nA2: The site is no longer online but it was a satire website.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: This claim is from a satirical article written by a known network of satire websites. Once the user clicks on the story -- instead of just sharing the thumbnail and headline -- they will find a website littered in satire disclaimers. Other websites, however, steal the story and republish without the satire labels\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Asymptomatic patients need no isolation ... A complete U-turn by WHO. After destroying the economy of the world now a complete U-turn\n\nQ1: What did WHO say about asymptomatic transmission of Covid-19?\nA1: On June 8, WHO technical lead Maria Van Kerkhove said, “We are constantly looking at this data and we’re trying to get more information from countries to truly answer this question. It still appears to be rare that an asymptomatic individual actually transmits onward.”\n\nQ2: what data does WHO have to ascertain that asymptomatic patients dont need isolation\nA2: WHO did not have the data to back up their statement",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: Although Q&A 1 sgows the WHO did think Asymptomatic covid patients were not likely to transmit the covid virus and as such unlikely to need to isolate, no information is given on weather this was a u-turn on previous thinking as is claimed so more evidence of what they thought before thinking Asymptomatic people were unlikely to transmit the virus, And even the need for them to not self isolate is only inferred in the Q&A's so defiantly more evidence needed.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The external reserves of Nigeria grew from $33.42 billion on April 29th, 2020 to about $36 billion in May 2020.\n\nQ1: What were the external reserves in Nigeria on April 29th, 2020?\nA1: US$33.42 billion\n\nQ2: Did Nigeria's external reserves increase to $36 billion in May 2020?\nA2: Yes, because $36.59 billion on 29 May",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: Confirmed at $36.59B\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Biker gangs unite to drive Antifa out of Seattle\n\nQ1: When was the claim made\nA1: 12/06/2020\n\nQ2: When was an image used in the claim first published\nA2: One was posted on August 10, 2018",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The second answer and source show that there was a meeting but not drive Antifa out so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Trump said Christians thought his Bible photo op was “beautiful.”\n\nQ1: Did Donald Trump take a photo of him holding a Bible?\nA1: Yes, because resident Donald Trump held up a Bible during a photo opportunity in front of St. John's Episcopal Church in the midst of ongoing protests over racial inequality\n\nQ2: Was Donald Trump Criticized by Christians for his photo of him holding a bible?\nA2: The Rt. Rev. Mariann Budde, said, “The symbolism of him holding a Bible … as a prop and standing in front of our church as a backdrop when everything that he has said is antithetical to the teachings of our traditions and what we stand for as a church — I was horrified,”\n\nQ3: Could some Christians have agreed and thought the photo was Beutiful?\nA3: Yes, because Only the Mainstream U.S. Protestant and Catholic leaders criticized President Donald Trump",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The claim is cherry picking because some Christians liked the photo and some of the religious leaders did not.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: President Muhammadu Buhari of Nigeria says the GDP grew from 1.91% in 2018 to 2.27% in 2019 but declined to 1.87% in the first quarter of 2020 as a result of the decline in global economic activities due to the Covid-19 pandemic.\n\nQ1: How much was the growth of the GDP in Nigeria between 2018 and 2019?\nA1: The annual real GDP in 2018 grew by 1.91%, which was more than double the growth rate recorded in 2017 which stood at 0.82%. In the first quarter of 2019, real GDP grew by 2.10% indicating a faster pace of expansion on a quarterly basis. In the second quarter of 2019, Nigeria’s real GDP at basic prices grew by 2.12% on a year on year basis. Growth accelerated further in the third and fourth quarters by 2.28% and 2.55%. The steady increase in quarterly growth resulted in an annual growth rate of 2.27% for 2019, compared to 1.91% in 2018 on a year on year basis.\n\nQ2: What was the GDP in Nigeria in the first quarter of 2020?\nA2: In the first quarter of 2020, Nigeria’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew by 1.87%(year-on-year) in real terms. This performance was recorded against the backdrop of significant global disruptions resulting from the COVID-19 public health crisis, a sharp fall in oil prices and restricted international trade.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The answers and credible sources show that the percentages are all correct so the claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Trump said that to a lot of people “defunding the police” means breaking up police forces or not giving them any money\n\nQ1: What do activists mean by \"defund the police\"\nA1: to reduce the types of calls that officers respond to and reallocate police funding toward other community services.\n\nKailee Scales, a leader of the Black Lives Matter movement, said the group was calling for a \"divestment in police in order to support more teachers, mental health and restorative services, community resilience departments, social workers, and government resource liaisons.\"\n\nQ2: Does this mean breaking up the police force?\nA2: No, because While some do want to eliminate the police departments, most want to reallocate funding",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: No, it means diverting some of the police's budget into community problems and reduce crime that way.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Black Lives Matter Scotland have produced posters and stickers with phrases such as “Kill a white on sight” on them.\n\nQ1: What is Black Lives Matter?\nA1: The movement was born in 2013, after the man who shot and killed an unarmed black teenager, Trayvon Martin, was cleared of his murder. A Californian activist, Alicia Garza, responded to the jury’s decision on Facebook with a post that ended: “Black people. I love you. I love us. Our lives matter.” The hashtag was born, and continued to grow in prominence with each new incident and protest.\n\nThe formal organization that sprung from the protests started with the goal of highlighting the disproportionate number of incidences in which a police officer killed a member of the black community. But it soon gained international recognition, after the death of Michael Brown in Missouri a year later.\n\nBlack Lives Matter now describes itself as a “chapter-based national organization working for the validity of black life”. It has developed to include the issues of black women and LGBT communities, undocumented black people and black people with disabilities.\n\nQ2: Has Black Lives Matter given any comments on alledged images with text attacking white people?\nA2: Yes, because A spokesperson said: \"It has recently come to our attention at the African Community Edinburgh, the organisers of the Black Lives Matter protest at Holyrood Park, that posters and flyers have been produced with the heading 'shoot whites on sight, silence is violence' claiming to be from Black Lives Matter. \n\n\"We categorically deny that these were created on our behalf and we denounce such hate speech.\n\n\"We are not affiliated with Antifa, or any political party, as we are a grassroots network mobilised to bring attention to the plight of black people worldwide in order to end institutionalised racism, state sanctioned violence and anti-black and brown racism.\n\nQ3: Is there any reports of Black Lives Matter antagonising white people with racial attacks?\nA3: No answer could be found.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: Q&A pair 2 state that a spokesperson for Black lives matter Scotland denied they had made or placed the posters as claimed, and 1st the Q&A pair also does mention the posters content being harefull which supports the claim also.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: President Muhammadu Buhari of Nigeria said We have witnessed 11 quarters of consecutive GDP growth since exiting recession.\n\nQ1: Did Nigeria come out of recession in 2017?\nA1: The economy exited the recession in the second quarter of 2017 when it grew by 0.6% in real terms, according to the NBS. The recovery was driven by the performance of four economic activities: oil, agriculture, manufacturing and trade.\n\nQ2: Since 2017 has Nigeria's GDP gone up in 11 quarters?\nA2: Yes, because Please see graph.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: It seems that indeed GDP has gone up 11 quarters, therefore the label is supported\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Nigeria's GDP grew from 1.91% in 2018 to 2.27% in 2019 but declined to 1.87% in the first quarter of 2020 as a result of the decline in global economic activities due to the Covid-19 pandemic.’\n\nQ1: What was Nigeria's GDP in 2019\nA1: Nigerian economy grows by 2.27% in 2019\n\nQ2: What was Nigeria's GDP in 2018\nA2: No answer could be found.\n\nQ3: Nigeria's GDP in Q1 of 2020\nA3: Nigeria Records 1.87% Growth in Q1",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The 1st Q&A pair does confirm the 2019 figure given in the claim, the 2nd Q&A pair fails to confirm the 2018 figure shown in the claim but it is somewhat less importiant overall, and as the 3rd Q&A pair pair also confirm the 2020 figure in the claim then it does look to support at least most of the claims figures as well as the important trend that shows in the claim.\nHowever! no Q&A pair show the reason for the figures trends that is said in the claim to be the Covid pandemic so more evidence is needed for this important part of the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Every single economy in the world has suffered a decline due to the Covid-19 pandemic.\n\nQ1: Did any country not suffer a decline in their economy due to the Covid pandemic?\nA1: At least 18 countries had positive growth rates in the first quarter of 2020, but only two – Chile and Russia – grew when compared to the last quarter of 2019",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: Most countries declined but a couple had positive growth, refuting this claim. The source is also very reliable. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: President Muhammadu Buhari of Nigeria said Our revenue from cocoa and sesame seed increased by $79.4 million and $153 million\n\nQ1: What was the total increase between 2019 and 2020 in the sesame seed export n Nigeria\nA1: For Sesame seeds Nigeria exported $160.54 million in 2020 and $129.5 million which gives a difference of $31 million\n\nQ2: What is the total increase in the export of Cocoa in Nigeria between 2019 and 2020\nA2: $182.94 million in 2020 and $106.4 million in 2019 which gives a difference of $76.54 million",
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"content": "justification: Sesame seed exports to Nigeria had a $31 million increase from 2019 to 2020. While cocoa exports had a $76.54 million increase from 2019 to 2020, Hence, both figures do not match the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The World Health Organization is offering jobs over social media to help fight the coronavirus pandemic.\n\nQ1: Were there Job openings at WHO during the pandemic\nA1: No there were no openings at the time",
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"content": "justification: The Q&As show that there were no jobs at this time, so the claim is refuted. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: President Muhammadu Buhari of Nigeria said Nigeria is now rated as one of the top ten reforming countries.\n\nQ1: What economies are are improving as regards ease of doing business\nA1: The economies with the most notable improvement in\nDoing Business 2020 are Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Togo, Bahrain,\nTajikistan, Pakistan, Kuwait, China, India, and Nigeria.\n\nQ2: What rank is Nigeria amongst these improving economies\nA2: 10th",
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"content": "justification: The second answer shows Nigeria is in the top ten of reforming countries, ranking tenth. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Nigeria's external reserves grew from $33.42 billion on 29 April 2020 to about $36 billion in May 2020\n\nQ1: What was Nigeria's External reserve on 29th April 2020?\nA1: $33.42 Billion.\n\nQ2: What was Nigeria's external reserve on 29th May 2020?\nA2: $36.59 Billion",
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"content": "justification: Correct\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: President Donald Trump said the “when the looting starts, the shooting starts,” phrase has two meanings.\n\nQ1: What does “when the looting starts, the shooting starts\" mean?\nA1: No answer could be found.\n\nQ2: What is the saying “when the looting starts, the shooting starts\" linked to?\nA2: No answer could be found.\n\nQ3: Are guns used during looting?\nA3: Looters target gun stores to steal guns.\n\nQ4: What is the history behind 'when the looting starts, the shooting starts'?\nA4: The “looting/shooting” phrase is traced back to Walter Headley, police chief of Miami from 1948 until his death in November 1968. In a press conference on Dec. 27, 1967, commenting on a new “get tough” policy he planned to institute to police the city’s black neighborhoods, Headley said: “We haven’t had any serious problems with civil uprising and looting because I’ve let the world filter down that when the looting starts, the shooting starts. These are my orders: Not three days after, but now. This is war. I meant it, every bit of it.”\n\nQ5: Did Donald Trump mean Walter Headley version of the saying 'When the looting starts, the shooting starts'?\nA5: After backlash, President Donald Trump, clarified that “Looting leads to shooting, and that’s why a man was shot and killed in Minneapolis on Wednesday night. … I didn’t want this to happen, and that’s what the expression put out last night means.”\n\nQ6: Did Trump say that when the looting starts, the shooting starts and what are the two things it means ?\nA6: Yes Trump did say that statement.\nWhen the looting starts, the shooting starts, phrase means two things, 1) If there’s looting, there’s probably going to be shooting.\n2) It should not be taken as a threat, that’s just a fact, because that’s what happens. \nAn example to this incident is that in 1967 , the African American men took advantage of the civil rights campaign and did a series of robberies \nin the African american community of Liberty city. At that time the police chiefs picked up this statement where the looting starts, the shooting starts . \nThis phrase aimed to instill fear in African Americans. Trump’s use of the slogan retains that power, Pauley said, \"while simultaneously communicating a tough, law-and-order ethos to his supporters.",
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"content": "justification: The q and a clearly shows that Trump did say the quote so the claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: A prescription written by Dr Raj Kamal Agarwal prescribes medicine to prevent or cure COVID-19.\n\nQ1: Does a prescription written by Dr Raj Kamal Agarwal prescribe medicine to prevent or cure COVID-19?\nA1: No, because The perscription was confirmed fake by Sir Ganga Ram Hospital and the signature forged\n\nQ2: At the time of the claim were any medicines available to prevent or cure covid 19?\nA2: No, because As of June 22, 2020, the World Health Organization maintains that “there are no medicines that have been shown to prevent or cure” COVID-19.\n\nQ3: Did a prescription written by Dr Raj Kamal Agarwal prescribe medicine to prevent or cure COVID-19?\nA3: No, because No, Doctor never gave any such prescription and was confirmed fake by Sir Ganga Ram Hospital. The hospital even falsified the claim on twitter.",
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"content": "justification: this was refuted by the hospital in question\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Nigeria has witnessed 11 quarters of consecutive GDP growth since exiting recession in 2016.\n\nQ1: has Nigeria battled recession\nA1: Nigeria battled recession in the year 2016\n\nQ2: When did Nigeria see its first sign of recovery from the recession?\nA2: In the second quarter of 2017, there was 0.72% GDP growth.\n\nQ3: What was the last quarter for 2016 GDP in Nigeria?\nA3: The fourth quarter of 2016 was at -1.73% GDP\n\nQ4: What were all the quarterly GDP percentages for 2018 in Nigeria?\nA4: Q1- 1.95\nQ2- 1.50\nQ3- 1.81\nQ4- 2.38\n\nQ5: What were all the quarterly GDP percentages for 2019 in Nigeria?\nA5: Q1 - 2.10\nQ2 -2.12 \nQ3 - 2.28 \nQ4 - 2.55\n\nQ6: What was the first quarter for 2020 GDP in Nigeria?\nA6: 1.87\n\nQ7: When was this claim made?\nA7: 12/06/2020\n\nQ8: What were all the quarterly GDP percentages for 2017 in Nigeria?\nA8: Q1- 0.91%\nQ2- 0.72%\nQ3- 1.40%\nQ4- 1.92%",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: this is more or less confirmed, the seems to be at least 11 consecutive gdp growth since 2016 but the numbers are difficult to read as positive or negative. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Nigeria is now rated as one of the top ten reforming countries.\n\nQ1: What is Nigeria'S postion in the ranking of reforming countries\nA1: Doing Business 2020 ranks Nigeria in 10th place. It said the country had improved the ease of starting a business, dealing with construction permits, registering property, getting electricity, cross-border trading and enforcing contracts.\n\nQ2: What rating topic is this claim based on?\nA2: business ranking",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The ranking of Nigeria on the ease of Business 2020, clearly shows that Nigeria is ne of the top ten reforming countries. According to the source. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The parliament in Kenya sits three days a week.\n\nQ1: On what days of the week does the Kenyan parliament sit?\nA1: Unless the Speaker, for the convenience of\nthe House otherwise directs, the House shall\nmeet at 9.30 a.m. on Wednesday and at 2.30\np.m. on Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday, but\nmore than one sitting may be directed during the same day.\n\nQ2: Do parliament sit on other days of the week?\nA2: Yes, because (c) to meet on any other day, in order to\ntransact business.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The parliament does sit three days a week but also sit on adhoc days depending on business. \n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The Kenyan judiciary sits six days in a week.\n\nQ1: How many days does the Kenyan judiciary sit in a week?\nA1: 5 days (Monday to Friday and do not sit on public holidays)\n\nQ2: Can the Kenyan judicial staff be called in to work on public holidays?\nA2: During public holidays, the judicial staff may be required to \"perform certain essential duties.\"\n\nQ3: Has the Kenyan judiciary ever sat on Saturday and Sunday?\nA3: Yes, because During presidential election petition hearings in 2013 and in 2017, the judiciary sat on Saturday and Sunday.\n\nQ4: Does the Kenyan judiciary usually sit on Saturday and Sunday?\nA4: No, because \"Courts do not usually sit on Saturday or Sunday unless they have express permission from the chief justice in writing, and that has to be under exceptional circumstances,\" Catherine Wambui",
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"content": "justification: Although the Kenyan judiciary normally sits five days in a week, the questions and answers show that there are circumstances when they sit on more than five days in a week. Therefore it is not possible to reach a definite validation.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: More than 100 Irish slaves were dumped overboard to drown in the 18th century because ships’ supplies were running low.\n\nQ1: Was there a recorded incident in 18th century where 100 slaves were dumped overboard due to ship supplies running low?\nA1: In late November 1781 between 132 to 142 African people were dumped overboard of the ship called \"Zong\" to drown because ships’ supplies were running low. They were drowned because the insurance would pay for an “accident,” but not if the slaves were allowed to starve.\n\nQ2: Were there Irish slaves on the Zong?\nA2: No, there were only Africans with the crew.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The claim says that they were Irish slaves which is untrue according to the answers and sources so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In Kenya the Judiciary has almost 7,000 employees.\n\nQ1: Does Kenya's Judiciary has almost 7,000 employees?\nA1: 2018/19 financial year shows the judiciary had 5,584 employees on 30 June 2019. These were 153 judges, 546 magistrates and 4,885 other employees including registrars, legal researchers, law clerks and court assistants.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: seems here like the math is a bit off. Therefore, the claim is refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The kenyan Judiciary has “almost 7,000 employees” as at 2019\n\nQ1: What is the kenyan Judiciary?\nA1: The Judiciary of Kenya is the system of courts that interprets and applies the law in Kenya.\n\nQ2: How many employees does the Kenyan Judiciary have?\nA2: he judiciary had 5,584 employees on 30 June 2019. These were 153 judges, 546 magistrates and 4,885 other employees including registrars, legal researchers, law clerks and court assistants.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The figure is not quite 7000 (At 5584) so its nearer to 6000, so it cant be considered as correct. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Kenyan Parliament is getting KSh38 billion, the judiciary is getting KSh18 billion, basically 50% [of parliament’s allocation] in 2020\n\nQ1: What was the proposed funding to parliament by the finance minister?\nA1: KSh37.3 billion\n\nQ2: How much was paid to the Judiciary?\nA2: KSh18.1 billion\n\nQ3: How much does this work out as the parliaments allocation?\nA3: 48%",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The maths at Q&A 3 are correct but the source does not give percentages.\nSimple maths & close enough to 50% to support this claim.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: A white armed-robbery suspect was sentenced to two years in jail while a black armed-robbery suspect was sentenced to 26 years in prison by the same Florida judge.\n\nQ1: What prison sentence did Chase Legleitner receive for armed robbery?\nA1: 722 days\n\nQ2: What prison sentence did Lamar Lloyd receive for armed robbery?\nA2: 26 years",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: QAs provide evidence that both individuals were charged in Florida with the same crime (robbery with a deadly weapon) and the white male defendant was sentenced to 722 days, whilst the black male defendant was sentenced to 26 years by the same sentencing judge (Sherwood Bauer Jr).\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: British writer and former communist Philip Spratt, wrote in 1939.\nGujarat, though economically advanced, is culturally a backward province… . Bengal in contrast is economically backward but culturally advanced.\n\nQ1: Did British writer and former communist Philip Spratt, write that \n''in 1939. Gujarat, though economically advanced, is culturally a backward province… . Bengal in contrast is economically backward but culturally advanced'' ?\nA1: No answer could be found.\n\nQ2: Could Philip Spratt have made a reference to Gujarat in 1939?\nA2: No, because the state of Gujarat was only formed in May1,1960,",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Phillip Spratt could not have referred to Gujarat in 1939 because Gujarat didn't exist until May 1, 1960.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Over 500,000 Irish catholics were sold into slavery in the 16th century.\n\nQ1: In the 1600's were there Irish slaves in the US?\nA1: Irish scholar Liam Hogan has been tracking and debunking this reincarnated meme since he first saw it in 2013. Last year, Hogan published an impressive five-part series exposing the myth and provided a detailed historical analysis of the origins and evolution of the meme.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: From the Q&A it seems that this is just a myth and has no truth in it. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The amount set aside for repayment of debt in Kenya is much higher than all the money that Treasury Cabinet Secretary Ukur Yatani is putting together for development expenditure.\n\nQ1: How much money has been set aside for debt repayment in Kenya?\nA1: According to the BAC 2020-21 report, the estimated budget for debt repayments is Ksh904.7 billion.\n\nQ2: How much money has been budgeted for development expenditures in Kenya?\nA2: The development budget was approved by the budget committee at KSh637.6 billion.\n\nQ3: Is the amount set aside for repayment of debt in Kenya much higher than all the money that Treasury Cabinet Secretary Ukur Yatani is putting together for development expenditure?\nA3: The committee claimed that the expense of debt financing “actually consumes more financial resources than development expenditure for which the debt is obtained”,",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Numerical proof from government documents.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: A post shared on Facebook claims President Donald Trump approved $2.5 million for the mass production of the herbal tonic touted by Madagascar’s president as a COVID-19 remedy\n\nQ1: Did the US approve $2.5m in aid for Madagascar?\nA1: U.S. Ambassador to Madagascar Michael Pelletier did announce in April that the U.S. would allocate $2.5 million in health assistance to Madagascar to help combat the coronavirus pandemic.\n\nQ2: Does the announcement mention the funds are to be used for Herbal medicine?\nA2: There is no mention of this in the video.\n\nQ3: What is the purpose of the funds?\nA3: Madagascar: $2.5 million in health assistance to address the outbreak by strengthening laboratory capacity for diagnostics; deploying mobile laboratories for decentralized diagnosis; improving regional and District surveillance, including data systems and the training of community health volunteers in contact-tracing; promoting risk-communications and community-engagement activities, including a staffed hotline, mass-media campaigns and prevention messages; the training of health professionals infection and prevention control training, procurement of essential health commodities, and improvements in waste management",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: President Donald Trump approved $2.5 million for health assistance to Madagascar to help combat the coronavirus pandemic. Not for the mass production of the herbal tonic. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The first slaves shipped to the American colonies in 1619 were 100 white children from Ireland.\n\nQ1: What year did the first slave ships arrive in the American colonies?\nA1: As early as 1526, enslaved Africans were part of a Spanish expedition to establish an outpost on the North American coast in present-day South Carolina\n\nQ2: Were any white slaves recorded as being sent to American colonies around 1619?\nA2: No, because between 1610 and 1619 no record of white children or white slaves being shipped to the American colonies appears in The Library of Congress records.\n\nQ3: What is the difference between slavery and servitude?\nA3: The most common form of forced labor in the history of civilization is slavery. Servitude is the general term used to describe all types of forced labor. It is derived from the Latin noun servus, which really means “slave,” though it is recognizable as the source of “servant” as well. Throughout the ancient world, anyone who functioned as a servant was usually a slave.\n\nIn the kind of servitude called slavery, the laborer is considered property. He or she can be bought and sold like any other commodity. The origins of slavery are unknown, but it probably emerged as an economic necessity or convenience when people began to establish permanent communities based on agriculture.\n\nQ4: Were white workers in American colonies called slaves?\nA4: No, because White workers were not under slavery but indentured servitude. Indentured servitude was used as a form of contract labor in the British colonies of North America. Large numbers of German, English, and Scottish colonists arrived in North America as indentured servants. Some of them had been convicted criminals at home. The shortage of labor in the colonies occasionally led to people being kidnapped in Europe and transported to the Americas as indentured servants. The normal term of a contract was from four to seven years, after which the servant became free. This kind of contract was one means by which people too poor to come to the colonies were able to pay for their transportation. Contracts were often made with ship captains who, upon arrival in North America, sold the contracts to someone else.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Between 1610 and 1619 no record of white children or white slaves being shipped to the American colonies appears in The Library of Congress records.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The law in Ireland in 1619 held that it was was no more a sin to kill an Irishman than a dog or any other brute.\n\nQ1: Was it equally sinful to kill a dog as an Irishman in 1619\nA1: A law enacted in 1723 provided that for someone standing accused of manslaughter to be acquitted he\nhad only to show that the slain victim was Irish. Anglo- Norman priests granted absolution on the grounds\nthat it was ‘no more sin to kill an Irishman than a dog or any other brute’.\n\nQ2: Was it equally sinful to kill a dog as an Irishman in 1619?\nA2: A law enacted in 1723 provided that for someone standing accused of manslaughter to be acquitted he\nhad only to show that the slain victim was Irish. Anglo- Norman priests granted absolution on the grounds\nthat it was ‘no more sin to kill an Irishman than a dog or any other brute’.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: This was over 100 years after the year stated in the claim.. The claim that the law in Ireland in 1619 “held that ‘it was was no more [a] sin to kill an Irishman than a dog or any other brute.’” is false.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In Kenya the judiciary sits six days in a week.\n\nQ1: How many days does the Kenyan judiciary sit in a week?\nA1: 5 days (Monday to Friday and do not sit on public holidays)\n\nQ2: Can judicial staff be called in to work on public holidays?\nA2: During public holidays, the judicial staff may be required to \"perform certain essential duties.\"\n\nQ3: Has the judiciary ever sat on Saturday and Sunday?\nA3: Yes, because During presidential election petition hearings in 2013 and in 2017, the judiciary sat on Saturday and Sunday.\n\nQ4: Do the judiciary usually sit on Saturday and Sunday?\nA4: No, because “Courts do not usually sit on Saturday or Sunday unless they have express permission from the chief justice in writing, and that has to be under exceptional circumstances,” Catherine Wambui\n\nQ5: What are Kenyan law courts normal opening hours?\nA5: No answer could be found.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The Judiciary do not sit on Saturday and Sundays \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Kenya is dealing with a situation where the amount set aside for repayment of the debt is much higher than all the money that Ukur Yatani is putting together for development expenditure\n\nQ1: Is there an issue with debt in Kenya?\nA1: The country’s debt is rising at an alarming level and there is need to manage the same to protect the current and future generations\n\nQ2: Has money been set aside for debt repayment and how much is it?\nA2: No answer could be found.\n\nQ3: How much has been budgeted for debt repayment?\nA3: In a 2020/21 financial report from the national assembly's budget committee, the budget for debt repayment is estimated at Ksh904.7 billion.\n\nQ4: What did the budget committee say regarding the repayment of debt being much higher than all the money Yatani is putting together for development expenditures?\nA4: The committee said in the 2020/21 financial report that the cost of debt financing \"actually consumes more financial resources than development expenditure for which the debt is obtained.\"\n\nQ5: How much money was approved for development projects by the budget committee?\nA5: KSh637.6 billion was approved by the budget committee as the development budget.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: According to 2020/21 financial report Kenya's debt financing is \"actually consumes more financial resources than development expenditure for which the debt is obtained.\"\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The South African Police Service kills three times more people per capita than the United States police force\n\nQ1: Do police officers kill more people in South Africa or in America?\nA1: The Mapping Police Violence project does not record instances of “people who were killed by a civilian driver or crashed without being hit directly by police during a police pursuit”. South Africa, on the other hand, records all deaths due to collisions “while being pursued by police”.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The question-answer pair does not present enough evidence to help in the decision making \n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Vitamin B17 deficiency causes cancer.\n\nQ1: What can a Vitamin B17 deficiency cause on the body?\nA1: A common theory suggests that cancer is caused by a deficiency in vitamin B17\n\nQ2: What do proponents of vitamin B17 suggest it can help with?\nA2: Vitamin B17 (Amygdalin, Nitrilosides, or laetrile) – A substance found in a number of seeds, sprouts, beans, tubers and grains. While toxic in large quantities, proponents claim that it is effective in cancer treatment and prevention",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: This is one of 4 competing theories described in the linked study and not proved.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In 2018, South African police service officers were accused of 217 cases of torture and 3,661 cases of assault\n\nQ1: What is the name of the department investigating the police service in South Africa?\nA1: Independent Police Investigative Directorate (IPID)\n\nQ2: In their annual report, how many cases of torture and assault were reported against the police in 2018?\nA2: 217 cases of torture and 3,661 cases of assault",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: True\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Trump Will Remove Troops from Germany\n\nQ1: Are U.S military troops stationed in Germany?\nA1: Yes, because Since the 1989 fall of the Berlin Wall, the number of U.S. troops in Germany has been steadily reduced from about 200,000.\n\nQ2: Did Donald Trump want to remove more military troops from Germany in 2020?\nA2: Trump decided to remove 9,500 troops from Germany, one of America’s strongest allies, reducing the number there to 25,000 from 34,500, a senior U.S. official said in 2020",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Trump did remove some trumps from Germany so the claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: 558 people were killed by the South African police in 2018, while 201 people died in police custody\n\nQ1: How many people were killed by the South African police in 2018\nA1: 558 people\n\nQ2: How many people died in police custody in 2018\nA2: 201 people",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The sources states that 558 people were killed by the South African police in 2018, and 201 people died in police custody in 2018, contained in page 38 of the Pdf. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: 20% of African Americans had jobs where they could work from home during the Covid 2020 crisis\n\nQ1: What percentage of African Americans had jobs where they could work from home during COVID-19 ?\nA1: 17.6\n\nQ2: Did COVID-19 Affected Black/African Americans ?\nA2: Before the crisis hit, many Black and Latino workers held jobs done outside the home. Only 35.4 percent of Black adults and 25.2 percent of Latino adults reported they can do part of their work remotely, compared with 43.4 percent of white adults. Though reporting somewhat higher averages, these estimates largely correspond with earlier US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data on racial and ethnic differences in the ability to work from home.\n\nDifferences in who can telework could indicate who’s at higher risk of losing a job, hours, or income. But despite multiple sources showing Black and Latino adults are less able to work from home compared with white adults, families of nonelderly Black adults experienced only minimally higher rates of job loss.\n\nBlack workers in particular are disproportionately employed in many of the jobs considered “essential,” suggesting Black workers may experience less drastic job losses than would be expected.\nTable: risky jobs",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: 19.7% of african americans had jobs where they could work from home, which is close enough \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Consuming grape seeds and bitter almonds will cure cancer\n\nQ1: What ingredient in grape seeds is purported to cure cancer?\nA1: Grape Seed Extract is derived from the oil that comes from ground red wine grapes. The extract contains a substance called proanthocyanidin which has antioxidant activities.\n\nQ2: Is proanthocyanidin a proven cancer cure?\nA2: Although it has antioxidant properties, grape seed has not been shown to treat or prevent cancer.\n\nQ3: What ingredient in bitter almonds is purported to cure cancer?\nA3: Amygdalin is a plant substance found in raw nuts, bitter almonds, as well as apricot and cherry seeds.\n\nQ4: What is laetrile?\nA4: Laetrile is a man-made form of amygdalin, a plant substance found in some nuts, plants and seeds of fruit.\n\nQ5: Why do people with cancer use laetrile?\nA5: Laetrile has been used as an anti cancer agent since the 1800’s. It is used either on its own or as part of a programme. This might include following a particular diet, high dose vitamin supplements and pancreatic enzymes.\n\nQ6: Is laetrile a proven cancer cure?\nA6: Although, more recent studies have shown that laetrile can kill cancer cells in certain cancer types there is not enough reliable scientific evidence to show that laetrile or amygdalin can treat cancer. Despite this, it still gets promoted as an alternative cancer treatment.\n\nThere is not enough reliable evidence that it works.\n\nQ7: Does consuming grapes cures cancer as it contains vitamin B17 ?\nA7: When we searched on the Internet to check the claim attributed to the WHO, we found that WHO had no records on linking cancer to vitamin B17 or deficiency. With grapes as the content of the claim, we found several research articles from authentic sources declaring there is no proven scientific research that consuming grapes would treat cancer.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: There is no proof scientifically that it can\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: National polls have never predicted who will be president from the democratic party in the US presidential elections.\n\nQ1: Who won the presidential elections from the democratic party in the USA?\nA1: Democrats have won six out of the last twelve presidential elections, winning in the presidential elections of 1976 (with 39th President Jimmy Carter, 1977–1981), 1992 and 1996 (with 42nd President Bill Clinton, 1993–2001), 2008 and 2012 (with 44th President Barack Obama, 2009–2017), and 2020 (with 46th President Joe Biden, 2021–present).\n\nQ2: Where did Barack Obama rank in the polls leading up to the presidential elections in 2008?\nA2: Second place after Hillary Clinton.\n\nQ3: Where did Bill Clinton rank in the polls leading up to the presidential elections in 1992?\nA3: Second place.\n\nQ4: Where did Jimmy Carter rank in the polls leading up to the presidential elections in 1976?\nA4: Fourth place.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: The Q&A pairs list the last 6 democratic winners for president, which as democrats have won 6 out of the last 12 elections supports the claim as evidence also shown the winners were behind in the polls\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Mixing lemon and baking soda will kill coronavirus\n\nQ1: When were social posts saying that there had been no deaths from COVID-19 in Israel because a drink of hot water with lemon and baking powder has been proven to kill the COVID-19 virus.\nA1: In April and May 2020, posts claimed that there had been no COVID-19 deaths in Israel.\n\nQ2: How many deaths did Israel attribute to COVID-19 by May 2020?\nA2: On 16 March 2020... the Israeli health system, which serves a population of 8.7 million people, was facing 255 cases of confirmed infection with the causative coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and 5 COVID-19-related deaths.\n\nQ3: What do the media say about the lemon and bicarbonate of soda hot tea drink's ability to kill the COVID-19 virus?\nA3: Experts say drinking lemon and baking soda won’t ward off COVID-19, nor has any other herbal remedy been proven to help",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: Claim denied in answers.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Walmart Tweeted \"We wont be Rebuilding Walmarts in Cities without police\"\n\nQ1: Did Walmart tweet \"We wont be Rebuilding Walmarts in Cities without police\"\nA1: No, because No results for \"\"we wont be rebuilding Walmarts in cities without police\" (from Walmart on twitter)\n\nQ2: What tweet does the claim refer to?\nA2: A facebook post from Facebook user M. Cody Clifton\n\nQ3: Is the post from Facebook user M. Cody Clifton confirmed real?\nA3: False, the tweet appears to be fabricated",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The claim has been shown to be fake and no results from Walmart show that statement. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: North Korea cancels all communication with South Korea.\n\nQ1: What is the date of the claim?\nA1: June 9th 2020\n\nQ2: Did North Korea declare it was cutting communication with South Korea around June 2020?\nA2: Yes, because North Korea announced around the 9th of June that North Korea said it was suspending contact in anger at activist defectors who have fled to the South\n\nQ3: Did North Korea actually stop communicating with South Korea as it announced it would?\nA3: South Korea confirmed that North Korea did not answer its military hotline for the first time since it was restored in 2018, according to a defense ministry spokeswoman.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The answers and sources show that communication was stopped so the claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: 52 free horses in June 2020 needed rehoming in Ohio because their owner died of Covid-19\n\nQ1: When and why were the 52 horses being rehom\nA1: The horses were rehomed in 2011 after their owner Lynn Boggs had passed on in Ohio",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: The actual event was 9 years earlier than claimed and certainly not Covid related.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Vitamin D helps protect against COVID-19.\n\nQ1: How can Vitamin D help reduce COVID-19?\nA1: Vitamin D may strengthen the immune system, particularly of people whose Vitamin D levels are low\n\nQ2: Is there evidence to suggest that vitamin D could prevent or treat COVID-19?\nA2: We found no clinical evidence on vitamin D in COVID-19. There was no evidence related to vitamin D deficiency predisposing to COVID-19, nor were there studies of supplementation for preventing or treating COVID-19.\n\nQ3: Could vitamin D help decrease the chance of covid 19?\nA3: “There are many crackpot claims about miracle cures floating around,” he wrote, “but the science supports the possibility – although not the proof – that Vitamin D may strengthen the immune system, particularly of people whose Vitamin D levels are low.”",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: the question/answer pairs show that while vitamin D can help the immune system, there is no evidence that it prevents covid-19\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Assam Government Announces, \"100% free admission for students in colleges up to the postgraduate level. \"No colleges are allowed to charge any student for anything. No Saraswati Puja charges, no excursion fees, no prospectus fees. If any colleges are found charging students for anything during the admission, strict actions will be taken against them,\"\n\nQ1: What did the Assam government decide regarding educational admission fees at the time of the claim?\nA1: Admission to universities, colleges and higher secondary schools in Assam will be free during the current academic year to ensure there is no additional burden on parents already affected by the coronavirus lockdown, Education Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma said on Sunday. He said there will be no hidden costs.\n\n“Students from the higher secondary to the postgraduate level, including medical, engineering and polytechnic students, will be admitted to institutes for free,” Sarma told reporters, a day after results for Class 10 state board examinations were announced only on online platforms.\n\nThe prospectus and admission forms will be free and available online.\n\nQ2: What did the Education Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma publish on his twitter account regarding this claim?\nA2: #AssamEduCare Extremely pleased to share GOA has made ALL admissions - from HS upto PG level including medical, engineering, polytechnic for academic year 2020-21 - absolutely free. Under stress due to #COVID19, this shall be big relief to families. All prospectus will be free.\n\nQ3: What was the The Education Minister of Assam, Himanta Biswa Sarma quoted as saying on June 7, 2020 in the Barack Bulletin.\nA3: \"No colleges are allowed to charge any student for anything. No Saraswati Puja charges, no excursion fees, no prospectus fees. If any colleges are found charging students for anything during the admission, strict actions will be taken against them,\" informed Sarma.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The answers show that the claim is true as there will be no fees for admissions during the covid pandemic.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Democratic assembly woman for the 143rd District of New York. Monica Wallace Significantly more people died of Covid-19 in two months than died of overdoses all of last year or the year before.\n\nQ1: How many Covid 19 deaths were counted between April and may 2020 in the U.S?\nA1: From April 1st 2020 to may 27th over 71,000 people had died of covid in the U.S.\n\nQ2: How many drug overdose deaths were reported in the U.S. in 2019\nA2: Drug overdose deaths were 62,172 in 2019\n\nQ3: How many drug overdose deaths were reported in the U.S. in 2018?\nA3: In 2018, 67,367 drug overdose deaths occurred in the United States.\n\nQ4: Is 71,000 covid deaths higher than the 62,172 overdose death's in 2019 ?\nA4: Yes, because higher as is claimed.\n\nQ5: Is 71,000 covid deaths higher than the 67,367 overdose death's in 2018 ?\nA5: Yes, because Higher as is claimed.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: 71,000 people had died of covid-19 in the U.S between April 1st, to may 27th 2020.\n\n 62,172 and 67,367 died of drug overdoses in 2019 and 2018 respectively. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The Federal Police did not use chemical irritants to clear the area around St. John's Church in Washington, D.C.\n\nQ1: Did the Federal Police use chemical irritants to clear the area by DC church?\nA1: Yes, because They used pepper balls.\n\nQ2: How is a pepper ball used by the Police?\nA2: A pepper ball is typically a projectile filled with pepper spray, usually launched from a device similar to a pistol. Police often carry them on their utility belts. According to a company that manufactures pepper balls, they are designed to create a 12-foot cloud with an irritant designed to affect the eyes, nose and throat of the people who are hit by the cloud.\n\nQ3: What does a pepper ball contain?\nA3: ...highly irritating\npepper powder.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: The first answer and source shows that pepper balls were used by the police so chemical irritants were used. The source is reputable and trustworthy.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Fact Check: LeBron James Did NOT Say He Wants Nothing To Do With White People\n\nQ1: Did LeBron James say \" I don't want nothing to do with white people. I don't believe that they want anything to do with me. I don't want no, It's me and my boys\"\nA1: Yes, but it was taken out of context.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: LeBron James does say those words in the interview. That he is describing his attitude when he was 14 doesn't make the claim false, only misleading.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The first Prime Minister of India, Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru gave an interview to Playboy magazine and the article was published in 1963.\n\nQ1: According to Forbes magazine, who has had interviews published in Playboy?\nA1: ...landing interviews with some of the world’s most prominent figures, including Malcom X, Fidel Castro, The Beatles, Martin Luther King Jr., Jimmy Hoffa, George Wallace, Henry Miller and Cassisus Clay. This was just in the first three years. The magazine would go on to interview President Jimmy Carter, among many others.\n\nQ2: Was Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s first prime minister included in the list of interviewees?\nA2: But many will be surprised to learn that the first head-of-state to appear in Playboy’s controversial pages was not Castro or Carter, but Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s first prime minister and most prominent founding father alongside Mahatma Gandhi.\n\nQ3: What was the subsequent retraction in the same issue of Playboy about this interview?\nA3: The same issue of the magazine carried an “editor’s note” on Page 3, which stated, “after the rest of the magazine had gone to press, we received word from the Indian Embassy in Washington that our interview with PM Nehru was not, in fact, the result of an exclusive, personal conversation with the head of the Indian state, but simply a gathering together of public pronouncements made by the Prime Minister in various speeches, statements, etc., over the past several years.”\n\nQ4: What was the final assessment in the same editor’s note?\nA4: Although disputing the Indian Embassy’s assertion the editor's note concluded:\n\n...an official refutation from the Indian Government must be respected, and since our attempts to reach the supposed interviewer for further clarification have proved unsuccessful, editorial integrity requires that we print this statement.\n\nQ5: Was there ever any verification that a personal interview actually took place?\nA5: More than 50 years later, no definitive investigation has ever been undertaken to determine whether the interview was actually ever conducted.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: From the evidence given, it looks as though India's Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru has had connections with Playboy magazine regarding an interview. However, there were disputes over whether an interview even took place in the first place. There has been no investigation to determine the truth. Hence, this is conflicting evidence. \n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Drinking Pigeon Membrane Slurry Cures Coronavirus\n\nQ1: Was there any cure for COVID 19 at the time the claim was made?\nA1: There was no currently available vaccine for COVID-19.\n\nQ2: Does pigeon membrane have medicinal qualities?\nA2: No answer could be found.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: This claim is refuted. According to the QA pairs, at the time of the claim being posted there was no known cure for COVID-19 and no available vaccination. There is also no known medical benefits to \"drinking pigeon membrane\". Therefore, this claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Thyrocare labs are sealed in Thane over false-positive COVID-19 testing.\n\nQ1: Has the Thyro care Lab been sealed up?\nA1: Thyro care Lab has not been sealed.\n\nQ2: Has Thyro care Lab stopped preforming covid testing on people because of false positives in their testing?\nA2: The Thane Municipal Corporation has asked Thyrocare labs to stop testing coronavirus swab samples of suspect patients \nafter the civic body allegedly found irregularities in the in the test results from the private lab\n\nQ3: Despite the false positive tests was the Thane lab ever actually closed by the Thane Municipal Corporation?\nA3: Although Thyrocare was told to discontinue COVID testing there is no evidence that the lab was closed.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: Thyro care Lab has not been sealed rather Thyrocare labs to stop testing coronavirus swab samples of suspect patients \nafter the civic body allegedly found irregularities in the in the test results from the private lab\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Wastewater can be an early indicator for a coronavirus outbreak.\n\nQ1: Are the authorities testing water as part of their campaign to detect Covid levels?\nA1: Hundreds of U.S. utilities are now running such tests as part of studies, and the current decline in cases will give public health systems time to get effective wastewater surveillance programs in place. After all, Finland is testing water in 28 sites every week, the Netherlands in 37, and Germany in 20 per day, said microbiologist Gertjan Medema of KWR, a water research institute in the Netherlands. Wastewater surveillance can provide “an early warning tool to see if cases are rising again,” he said.\n\nQ2: Has research been done in other countries ?\nA2: Research in the Netherlands, France, Australia and elsewhere has found signs that the virus that causes COVID-19 can be detected in sewage, and many countries are beginning to sample wastewater to track the disease.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: Confirmed via research in multiple countries.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Video in India shows that Putting basil leaves, camphor inside masks will purify the air and will protect you from Covid-19\n\nQ1: Does camphor have any health benefits?\nA1: Camphor is highly toxic. While it is readily absorbed from the skin most toxic exposure is from ingestion\nCommon substances containing camphor include:\nVicks inhaler\nRubs including Dencorub, Tiger balm, Emu oils, Vicks VapoRub\nMothballs (some mothballs instead contain naphthalene or paradichlorobenzene)\nThe Victorian Poisons Information Centre does not recommend the use of camphor, as it has no proven health benefits, and is unsafe in houses (refer to info sheet in discharge section).\n\nQ2: Does basil have any health benefits?\nA2: People use holy basil for anxiety, stress, diabetes, high cholesterol, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support any of these uses.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: No evidence shows that basil leaves and camphor will protect you from Covid-19.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: A phishing attack, that CERT-in issued a warning about, was sponsored by the Chinese army.\n\nQ1: What was the CERT-In warning about?\nA1: The Twitter post said that possible phishing attack is sponsored by the Chinese Army.\n\nQ2: Who is sponsoring the potential phishing attacks?\nA2: No answer could be found.\n\nQ3: Was there a warning about an attack from Chinese cyberwarriors\nA3: Yes, a twitter post shows a warning\n\nQ4: Who is sponsoring this attack\nA4: No answer could be found.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: There is not enough evidence in the Q&As to support or refute the claim. Questions would need to be asked whether the army had done this before or if there was an official statement from the army refuting the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The United Nations is creating a new country out of Nigeria to be called Ambazonia or the new State of Cameroon.\n\nQ1: Did the Nigerians presidents government have anything to say about the claim?\nA1: the story is 100% fake, fabricated, may be for an agenda only best known to those that started the spreading the fake news.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: Seems that the claim is refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Joe Biden stated in a debate from July 2019 that fossil fuels including coal and fracking would be eliminated in a Biden administration.\n\nQ1: What does the Biden administration say about fossil fuels?\nA1: His campaign issued a statement saying, “Joe Biden is committed to achieving a 100% clean energy economy and net-zero emissions by 2050. He supports eliminating subsidies for coal and gas and deploying carbon capture sequestration technology to create economic benefits for multiple industries and significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions.”\n\nQ2: Does Biden's statement mean fossil fuels will be eliminated during the Biden administration?\nA2: No, because The plan is a long term plan to encourage the movement away from fossil fuels and towards more sustainable energy sources. \"he will demand that Congress enacts legislation in the first year of his presidency that: 1) establishes an enforcement mechanism that includes milestone targets no later than the end of his first term in 2025, 2) makes a historic investment in clean energy and climate research and innovation, 3) incentivizes the rapid deployment of clean energy innovations across the economy, especially in communities most impacted by climate change.\"\n\nQ3: Does the Biden campaign say anything specifically about fracking?\nA3: A spokesman for Mr. Biden’s campaign clarified that the former vice president wouldn’t ban fracking, which is now commonly used to produce natural gas and oil in key states with blue-collar voters like Pennsylvania, Ohio and Colorado. He was referring only to his stated policy to ban new permits for oil and gas drilling on federal land and offshore, the spokesman added.",
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"content": "justification: The question answer pairs show that Joe Biden wouldn't ban fracking and would encourage a movement towards sustainable energy sources but there is no evidence that fossil fuels and fracking would be eliminated in a Biden administration.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: By June 2020 autopsies performed by the Italian pathologists proved that COVID-19, as a Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation, ought to be fought with antibiotics, antivirals, anti-inflammatories and anticoagulants\n\nQ1: What is the government advice on treatments for Covid? (at the time of the claim)\nA1: Italy's health ministry - At present, there is no specific treatment for the disease caused by the new coronavirus.\n\nTreatment remains mainly based on a symptomatic approach, providing supportive therapies (e.g. oxygen therapy, fluid management) to infected people, which can nevertheless be highly effective.",
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"content": "justification: From the question and answer pair it seems that there are not enough enough guidelines from the ministry to make a claim label.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Donald Trump was elected US President.\n\nQ1: When was Donald Trump elected President of the United States?\nA1: 2016\n\nQ2: When is the next US Presidential Election?\nA2: November 2020",
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"content": "justification: The answers and sources clearly show that Donald Trump was elected president of the US so the claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Prince Andrew is accused of pedophilia and was extremely close with Jeffrey Epstein.\n\nQ1: Was prince Andrew accused of paedophilia?\nA1: Yes, because He was dragged into the scandal in 2015, when Virginia Roberts Giuffre claimed that she was forced to have underage sex with the duke in 2001.\n\nQ2: Was prince Andrew extremely close with Jeffrey Epstein?\nA2: The pair formed a close friendship through the late 90s and early 2000s.\n\nQ3: Was Prince Andrew convicted of any sex crimes against children?\nA3: No, because Only Epstein was convicted of sex crimes and registered as a sex offender in 2008,",
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"content": "justification: The answer and sources show that Prince Andrew has been accused and was friends with Jeffrey Epstein so the claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: UV Rays from sunlight kill Corona virus.\n\nQ1: Will exposure to UV rays from the sun kill the novel coronavirus\nA1: Research on Sars – a close relative of Covid-19 – found that exposing the virus to UVA for 15 minutes had no impact on how infectious it was.\n\nQ2: What has the WHO said about the use of UV rays to either disinfect or try to kill the virus\nA2: UV radiation can cause skin irritation and damage your eyes",
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"content": "justification: The answers and credible sources show that UV rays do not kill covid so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: COVID-19 is not a virus, but a bacterium.\n\nQ1: Is COVID-19 a bacterium or virus\nA1: It is a virus also known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 \n(SARS-CoV-2)\n\nQ2: What is the closest genetic relative of the coronavirus\nA2: The virus is genetically related to the coronavirus responsible for the SARS outbreak of 2003",
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"content": "justification: The answer and source show that covid is a virus not a bacterium so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: A batch of adrenochrome, a purported compound formed by the oxidation of adrenaline, was made in Wuhan, China.\n\nQ1: What is adrenochrome?\nA1: Adrenochrome is a chemical compound produced by the oxidation of adrenaline (epinephrine). It was the subject of limited research from the 1950s through to the 1970s as a potential cause of schizophrenia.\n\nQ2: Where is Adrenochrome produced?\nA2: No answer could be found.\n\nQ3: What pharmaceutical companies produce Adrenochrome?\nA3: No answer could be found.\n\nQ4: What pharmaceutical companies produce Adrenochrome in Wuhan?\nA4: No answer could be found.",
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"content": "justification: I can not find any evidence that support this claim. \n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The Federal Reserve and the Treasury were merged making Donald Trump the Chairman for the global banking system with the people's money.\n\nQ1: Did the Federal reserve merge with the Treasury Department?\nA1: In passing the CARES Act of 2020, Congress created something new under the sun: a Treasury fund of some $454 billion that must be invested in Federal Reserve (Fed) created emergency facilities. America has never seen anything like it. This explainer walks through what this new fund is, what it isn't, and what the public can expect from these resources as they are deployed.\n\nQ2: Who is the Chairman for the global banking system?\nA2: William C. Dudley became the 10th president and chief executive officer of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York on January 27, 2009. In that capacity, he served as the vice chairman and a permanent member of the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), the group responsible for formulating the nation's monetary policy.",
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"content": "justification: There was a fund invested from the Treasury to the Federal Reserve but the two did not merge\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The US has deployed 30,000 troops to Europe for training without masks or any hand sanitizer.\n\nQ1: Were 30,000 troops deployed to Europe in early 2020?\nA1: No the number was 20,000 based on:\n\nThe convoy comes ahead of this spring's Defender-Europe 20, a massive multinational exercise to which the US is shipping 20,000 troops and much of their gear — the largest deployment of US-based forces to Europe in 25 years.\n\nQ2: Did the 20,000 troops have masks and hand sanitizer?\nA2: This is unknown, A video showing the troops does not show them wearing masks or mention hand sanitizer.",
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"content": "justification: From the 2nd QA it is evident that there is no indication that the troupes had hand sanitizer, therefore the claim is refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: 600 Mexican drug cartels have recently been arrested, one of the biggest busts in history by the U.S.\n\nQ1: Were 600 cartels arrested ?\nA1: No, 600 cartel members were arrested from the Cartel de Jalisco Nueva Generacion (CJNG)",
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"content": "justification: It was 600 cartel members that were arrested and not 600 cartels \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: 298 Saudi Arabian royals, billionaires, lawyers and judges were recently arrested for crimes and corruption.\n\nQ1: Were there 298 arrests in Saudi Arabia in 2020?\nA1: On March 15, 2020, Saudi Arabia’s official government news agency announced the new arrests, stating that the Saudi state corruption watchdog had criminally investigated 674 state employees and ordered the detention of 298 for “financial and administrative corruption, consisting of bribery crimes, embezzlement and waste of public money, misuse of employment powers, and administrative misuse.” Among those detained are current and retired military officers, health officials, security officers under the Interior Ministry, and judges. The statement said that the acts of corruption amounted to 379 million Saudi Riyals ($101 million).",
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"content": "justification: The statement is correct and is demonstrated in one question, which addresses the number and nature of the arrests. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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