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ãŽããããªãŒã»ãã£ã¹ïŒGodfrey Cassã1867幎 - 1951幎5æ14æ¥ïŒã¯ããªãŒã¹ãã©ãªã¢ã®ä¿³åªã
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A Tale of the Australian Bush (1911)
One Hundred Years Ago (1911)
A Ticket in Tatts (1911)
The Sick Stockrider (1913)
Moondyne (1913)
The Remittance Man (1913)
Transported (1913)
The Road to Ruin (1913)
The Crisis (1913)
The Reprieve (1913)
The Wreck (1913)
The Kelly Gang (1920)
The Hordern Mystery (1920)
The Dingo (1923)
When the Kellys Were Out (1923)
Jewelled Nights (1925)
Jungle Woman (1926)
The Mystery of a Hansom Cab (1925)
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Tiger Island (1930)
Heritage (1935)
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çµæãšããŠåŸãããåã¯ãæå¹å¹ŸäœåŠçã¢ããŒãã®å(category of effective geometric motives)ãšåŒã°ãããç¹°ãè¿ããšããã€ã察象(Tate object)ã圢åŒçã«éã«ãããã®ãšããŠã幟äœåŠçã¢ããŒãã®å DM ãããåŸããã
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ããã€ãã®éèŠãªã³ãã¢ããžãŒã®çè«ãååšããŠããŠãç°ãªãå€æ§äœã®æ§é çåŽé¢ãåæ ããŠãããïŒäžéšã¯äºæ³ã§ã¯ãããïŒã¢ããŒãçè«(theory of motives)ã¯ã代æ°å€æ§äœãç·ååããæ®éçãªæ¹æ³ãèŠã€ããè©Šã¿ã§ãã¢ããŒãã¯ãããã®ç¹æ®ãªã³ãã¢ããžãŒããã¹ãŠåã蟌ãããšã®ã§ããã³ãã¢ããžãŒãæäŸããããšããŠãããäŸãã°ãèå³æ·±ãæ²ç·ã®äžå€éã§ããæ»ãããªå°åœ±æ²ç· C ã®çš®æ°ã¯ãæŽæ°ã§ãããC ã®ç¬¬äžãããæ°ã®æ¬¡å
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[point]
[projective line] = [point] + [line]
[projective plane] = [plane] + [line] + [point]
å€ãã®å Žåãã€ãŸãããã»ã©ãŒã ã³ãã¢ããžãŒããããã³ãã¢ããžãŒãl-é²ã³ãã¢ããžãŒã®å Žåã«ããããã®ãæ¹çšåŒãã¯ä¿æãããä»»æã®æéäœäžã®ç¹ã®æ°ãååãŒãŒã¿åœæ°ã®(multiplicative notation)ã§ä¿æãããã
äžè¬çãªèãæ¹ãšããŠã¯ãã¢ããŒãã¯åœ¢åŒçã«è¯ãæ§è³ªãæã€å
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šãŠã®ãŽã§ã€ãŠã³ãã¢ããžãŒè«ã¯ãã®ãããªæ§è³ªãæã€ã§ããããšããèãæ¹ã§ããã次ã®åé¡ã®äžã§ãç°ãªããŽã§ã€ãŠã³ãã¢ããžãŒè«ããããããããç°ãªãç¶æ³äžã§é©çšããç°ãªãåãæã¡ãå€æ§äœã®æ§é çåŽé¢ãåæ ããã
ãããã³ãã¢ããžãŒã¯è€çŽ æ°äœïŒã®éšåäœïŒäžã§å®çŸ©ãããæŽæ°äžã§å®çŸ©ãããŠããæçãªç¹ãæã¡ãäœçžäžå€éã§ããã
ïŒâ äžã®å€æ§äœã®ïŒãã»ã©ãŒã ã³ãã¢ããžãŒã«ã¯ãæ··åãããžæ§é ãããã埮å幟äœåŠçäžå€éã§ããã
ïŒæšæ°ã â l ã§ããä»»æã®äœäžã®ïŒl-é²ã³ãã¢ããžãŒã¯ãæšæºçãªã¬ãã¢çŸ€äœçšãããªãã¡ãïŒçµ¶å¯ŸïŒã¬ãã¢çŸ€ã®è¡šçŸãæã£ãŠããã
(crystalline cohomology)
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H*(X à A1)ãX ã®ç©ãX ãšã¢ãã£ã³çŽç·ãšã®ç©ããªã©ã®æ§è³ªãæã£ãŠãããããã«ããããã¯æ¯èŒååå®çã«ããçµã³ã€ããããŠãããäŸãã°ãæéä¿æ°ã® C äžã®æ»ãããªå€æ§äœ X ã®ãããã³ãã¢ããžãŒ H*Betti(X, Z/n) ã¯ãæéä¿æ°ã® l-é²ã³ãã¢ããžãŒã«ååã§ããã
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[projective line] = [line]+[point]
ã®ãããªãæ¹çšåŒãã®ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãæäŸããè©Šã¿ã§ãããç¹ã«ãä»»æã®å€æ§äœã®ã¢ããŒããèšç®ããããšã¯ãçŽæ¥ãããã€ãã®ãŽã§ã€ãŠã³ãã¢ããžãŒã§ãããH*Betti(X)ãH*DR(X) ãªã©ã«ã€ããŠã®ãã¹ãŠã®æ
å ±ãããããã
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(Motivic cohomology)èªèº«ã¯ã代æ°çK-çè«ã«ãã£ãŠæ··åã¢ããŒããèæ¡ããã以åã«èãåºãããŠãããäžã®åã¯ã
Hn(X, m) := Hn(X, Z(m)) := HomDM(X, Z(m)[n])
ã«ãããã¢ããŒãŽã£ãã¯ã³ãã¢ããžãŒãåæŽåããŠå®çŸ©ããããšãã§ãããããã«ãn ãš m ã¯æŽæ°ã§ãããZ(m) 㯠ãã€ããªããžã§ã¯ã Z(1) ã® m-ä¹ã®ãã³ãœã«ã¹ãã§ããããŽã©ãšãŽã©ãã¹ããŒã®èšå®ã§ã¯ããã³ãœã«ã¹ãã¯è€çŽ å°åœ±ç©ºé P1 ãã -2 ã·ããããç¹ãžã®ååã§ããã[n] ã¯äžè§åã®äžã®éåžžã®ã·ãããæå³ããã
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æšæºäºæ³ã¯ãéåžžã«é£ãããšéåžžèããããŠããŠãäžè¬ã®å Žåã«ã€ããŠã¯æªè§£æ±ºã§ãããã°ãã¿ã³ãã£ãšã¯ã¯ãã³ããšãª(Bombieri)ãšãšãã«ãæšæºäºæ³ãæãç«ã€ããšãåæãšããæ¡ä»¶ä»ãã ããéåžžã«çããšã¬ã¬ã³ããªãŽã§ã€ãŠäºæ³ïŒããªãŒãã¥ã«ããå¥ã®æ¹æ³ã§èšŒæãããïŒã®èšŒæãäžããã¢ããŒãŽã£ãã¯ãªã¢ãããŒãã®æ·±ãããšã瀺ããã
äŸãã°ãããããæšæºäºæ³(KÃŒnneth standard conjecture)ã¯ã代æ°çãµã€ã¯ã« Ïi â X à X ã®ååšãïŒä»»æã®ãŽã§ã€ãŠã³ãã¢ããžãŒã«å¯ŸãïŒæšæºå°åœ± H*(X) â Hi(X) ⣠H*(X) ãèªå°ããããšããå
šãŠã®ãã¥ã¢ã³ãã¢ããžãŒã M ããŠã§ã€ã n ã®æ¬¡ãå解 n: M = â GrnM ãžå解ããããšãæå³ãããšèšã£ãŠããããã®ãŠã§ã€ãïŒweights)ãšããçšèªã¯ãåãå解ãããã°æ»ãããªå°åœ±å€æ§äœã®ãã»ã©ãŒã ã³ãã¢ããžãŒã®å解ããæ¥ãããããžçè«ãåç
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äºæ³ Dã¯ãæ°å€çãªäžèŽãš(homological equivalence)ããå§ãããã¢ããžã«ã«ãšæ°å€åå€ã®èŠ³ç¹ãããã¥ã¢ã¢ããŒãã®åå€ãæå³ãããïŒç¹ã«ãã¢ããŒãã®åã®æ°å€çåå€ã¯ãŽã§ã€ãŠã³ãã¢ããžãŒè«ã®éžæãšã¯ç¬ç«ã§ããã¯ãã§ãããïŒãžã£ã³ã»ã³(Jannsen)ã¯ã1992幎ãæ¡ä»¶ä»ããªãã§ãªã次ã®çµæã蚌æãããäœã®äžã®ïŒãã¥ã¢ïŒã¢ããŒãã®åã¯ãã¢ãŒãã«çã§ååçŽãªåã§ããããšãšãéžæãããåå€é¢ä¿ãæ°å€çã§ããããšãšã¯åå€ã§ããã
ãããžäºæ³ã¯ã¢ããŒãã䜿ããšããŸãåå®åŒåãããããããžäºæ³ãæãç«ã€ããšãšããããžå®çŸ(Hodge realization)ãšã¯åå€ã§ããããããžå®çŸãšã¯ãC ã®éšåäœ k äžã®ïŒæçä¿æ°ã®ä»»æã®ãã¥ã¢ã¢ããŒããããããžæ§é ãžã®é¢æã¯ãå¿ å®å
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åæ§ã«ããã€ãäºæ³(Tate conjecture)ã¯ãããããã€ãå®çŸãšåå€ã§ããããã€ãå®çŸãšã¯ãã¢ããŒãã«å¯ŸããŠâ-é²ã³ãã¢ããžãŒãäžããé¢æã¯å¿ å®å
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H: M(k)Qâ â Repâ(Gal(k)) ã§ãããšããããšãšãªããïŒãã¥ã¢ã¢ããŒãã¯ãã¢ããžã«ã«åå€ã®äžã®ãã¥ã¢ã¢ããŒããåºç€äœ k ã®çµ¶å¯Ÿã¬ãã¢çŸ€ã®é£ç¶è¡šçŸã§ãããïŒãã®åœæã¯ãååçŽãªè¡šçŸã«å€ãæã€ãïŒãã®ããšã¯ãããžé¡äŒŒ(Hodge analogue)ã®å Žåã«ã¯èªåçã§ãããïŒ
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k ã®æéåé¢æ¡å€§ K â k ã®çµ¶å¯Ÿã¬ãã¢çŸ€ã®ïŒé£ç¶ïŒæšç§»çäœçšããã€æééå
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ã§ããããšã«æ³šæãããšããã®çš®é¡ã®ã¢ããŒãã¯ã¢ã«ãã£ã³ã¢ããŒã(Artin motives)ãšåŒã°ãããã¢ã«ãã£ã³ã¢ããŒãã Q-ç·ååããããšã¯ãå¥ãªæ¹æ³ã§ã¢ããŒããè¡šãããšãšãªããã¢ã«ãã£ã³ã¢ããŒãã¯ã¬ãã¢çŸ€äœçšãæã€æé Q-ãã¯ãã«ç©ºéãšåå€ãšãªãã
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| {
"id": "2973352",
"title": "ã¢ããŒã (æ°åŠ)",
"url": "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%83%81%E3%83%BC%E3%83%95%20%28%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%29"
} |
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