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53_10 | Hongkong Land is an Asian property investment, management and development group. Established in Hong Kong in 1889 by Sir Paul Chater and William Keswick, the group today has property interests across the region. In Hong Kong, the group owns and manages approximately 9,140,000 square feet (850,000 m2) of prime commercial space in Central. In Singapore, it is helping to create the city-state's Central Business District with an expanding joint venture portfolio of new developments. In addition to commercial properties, Hongkong Land also develops residential properties in key cities around the region including Hong Kong, mainland China, Macau and Singapore where its subsidiary MCL Land is a significant property developer. Jardine Strategic has a 50% shareholding in Hongkong Land.
DFI Retail Group |
53_11 | DFI Retail Group traces its origins in Hong Kong back to the 19th century when it was involved in the production of dairy products and ice. Today the company is a leading pan-Asian retailer. The Dairy Farm group's retail operations range from grocery retail and health and beauty stores to convenience and home furnishings, operating under a number of well-known local brands. It has a significant presence in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia, and a growing presence in mainland China, India and Vietnam. Dairy Farm operates supermarkets under the banners of Wellcome, Jasons, Shop N Save, Cold Storage, Hero, Yonghui, and MarketPlace; hypermarkets under the Giant brand; health and beauty stores under Mannings and Guardian; IKEA furniture stores in Hong Kong, Indonesia and Taiwan; as well as 7-Eleven convenience stores. The group also has a 50% interest in Maxim's, Hong Kong's leading restaurant chain. |
53_12 | Jardine Strategic has a 78% shareholding in Dairy Farm. , Dairly Farm owned 70% of the shares of Lucky Group, the largest grocery mall operator in Cambodia. |
53_13 | Mandarin Oriental
Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group is an international hotel investment and management company operating deluxe and first class hotels and residences in city and resort destinations around the world. The group's flagship hotel, Mandarin Oriental, Hong Kong, has been recognised as one of the world's leading hotels since shortly after its opening in 1963 along with the equally world-renowned Mandarin Oriental, Bangkok, previously known as The Oriental.
Jardine Strategic has a 79% shareholding in Mandarin Oriental.
Jardine Cycle and Carriage |
53_14 | Jardine Cycle & Carriage (JC&C) is an established Singapore-listed company where, as Cycle & Carriage, it has had a presence since 1926.
JC&C has an interest of just over 50% in Astra, a listed Indonesian conglomerate and the largest independent automotive group in Southeast Asia, as well as other motor interests in the region. Together with its subsidiaries and associates, Jardine Cycle & Carriage employs across Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, Myanmar, and Thailand. Jardine Cycle & Carriage operates in Singapore, Malaysia, and Myanmar under the Cycle & Carriage banner. The group represents some of the world's best-known motoring marques including Mercedes-Benz, Toyota, Honda and Kia. Jardine Strategic has a 72% shareholding in Jardine Cycle & Carriage.
Astra International |
53_15 | Astra is Southeast Asia's largest independent automotive diversified business group with seven primary businesses in Indonesia. Operating predominantly in Indonesia, it is a provider of a full range of automobile and motorcycle products in partnerships with companies which include Toyota, Daihatsu, Isuzu, UD Trucks, Peugeot and BMW for automobiles, and Honda for motorcycles. Astra also has a strong presence in the automotive component sector through its subsidiary PT Astra Otoparts Tbk. In addition, Astra has interests in financial services; heavy equipment and mining; agribusiness; infrastructure and logistics; and information technology. In financial services, Astra's businesses provide financial products and services to support its automotive, heavy equipment sales, and general and life insurance. |
53_16 | Corporate structure
Henry Keswick, the company's Tai-pan from 1970 (aged 31) to 1975 and the 6th Keswick to be Tai-pan of the company, is chairman emeritus. His brother, Simon, was the company's Tai-pan from 1983 to 1988 and was the 7th Keswick to be Tai-pan. Both brothers are the 4th generation of Keswicks in the company. The 5th generation of Keswicks are also active within the organisation. Ben Keswick, son of Simon, is executive chairman of Jardine Matheson Group and from 2012 to 2021 was Tai-pan. Adam Keswick, son of Sir Chips Keswick was Deputy managing director. The organizational structure of Jardines has changed fundamentally since its foundation, but the members of the family of Dr William Jardine still have significant influence in the firm.
Directors
As of 2021, the directors of Jardine Matheson Holdings were: |
53_17 | Ben Keswick, executive chairman
John Witt, managing director
Y.K. Pang
Graham Baker
Stuart Gulliver
David Hsu
Julian Hui
Adam Keswick
Alex Newbigging
Anthony Nightingale
Jeremy Parr
Percy Weatherall
Michael Wei Kuo Wu
Lord Sassoon, a former UBS Warburg banker who had been a junior minister in the British Treasury since May 2010, joined Jardine Matheson as an executive board member in January 2013. This appointment brought together members of two great Asian trading dynasties, since Jardine Matheson and the Sassoon family were rivals in the 19th century when they competed to open up and grow trade in Hong Kong and China. He retired on 9 April 2020. |
53_18 | Scottish leadership
Until 1936, principles of staff recruitment, told by Keswick, remained Scottish first, Oxbridge second. "With all due deference to the 'east coast of England' [a reference to Cambridge] I do feel that men from north of the border are the most suitable for our routine business... I am very keen on keeping the Scottish entity of the Firm. But I hope I have not conveyed that I have swung against the University man... I merely consider that he must be aided and abettered by the solid, plodding type from Scotland." |
53_19 | Jardines is controlled by the Keswick family, who are direct descendants of William Jardine's sister Jean through the marriage of her daughter to Thomas Keswick, father of William Keswick, an early Tai-pan of the firm. While the leadership of Jardines is Scottish, the firm is international in its dealings. The staff of Jardines is predominantly Asian, with senior management levels composed of a mixture of British, Chinese, Indonesians, Europeans, Australians and Americans.
The Keswicks have maintained a relationship with another prominent Scottish family, the Flemings, of which the author Ian Fleming was also a member. From 1970 until 1998, Jardine Matheson operated a pan-Asian investment banking joint venture, Jardine Fleming, with Robert Fleming & Co., a London merchant bank controlled by the Fleming family. In 2000, Jardine Fleming and Robert Fleming & Co. were sold to JP Morgan Chase. |
53_20 | Influence
Jardines' history was the inspiration for a series of novels written by James Clavell, including Tai-Pan, Whirlwind, Gai-Jin, and Noble House. The Noble House TV miniseries actually used Jardine as the headquarters of Struan's & Co., the fictional company depicted in Clavell's novels. In Taipan, Dirk Struan is loosely based on William Jardine while Robb Struan is loosely based on James Matheson.
Jardines installed the first elevator in China in the northern city of Tianjin. |
53_21 | Many streets in present-day Hong Kong are named after the firm, its founders and past Tai-pans, mostly concentrated in Hong Kong's East Point and Causeway Bay Districts, where Jardines' offices were located in the early days. The name of Yee Wo Street in comes from Jardine's Chinese name "Ewo" whilst other streets associated with the company include Jardine's Bazaar, Jardine's Crescent, Jardine's Bridge, Jardine's Lookout, Matheson Street, Leighton Road, Percival Street and Paterson Street.
Jardines is responsible for maintaining the tradition of firing the Noonday Gun, a duty said to have been imposed on them by a new Senior Naval Officer on hearing them fire a salute for the Taipan when his schooner arrived in Hong Kong as they had no official authority to fire salutes. The practice was immortalised in Noël Coward's song "Mad Dogs and Englishmen".
See also
List of trading companies
Notes |
53_22 | References
Online version at Google books
Online version at Google Books
Online version at Google books
Online version at Google Books
Online version at Google books
Online version at Google Books
Online version at Google Books
Online version at Google Books
Online version at Google Books
Further reading
Alain Le Pichon, China Trade and Empire: Jardine, Matheson & Co. and the Origins of British Rule in Hong Kong, 1827–1843 (Oxford; New York: Published for The British Academy by Oxford University Press, 2006).
External links
Official website
Official Jardine Motors Group website
Official Jardine Shipping Services website
437.Jardine Matheson/Fortune Global 500 |
53_23 | History of Hong Kong
British Hong Kong
Companies established in 1832
Trading companies of Hong Kong
Offshore companies in Bermuda
Conglomerate companies of Hong Kong
Retail companies of Hong Kong
Companies formerly listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange
Former companies in the Hang Seng Index
Companies listed on the London Stock Exchange
Companies listed on the Singapore Exchange
1832 establishments in the British Empire
Companies of Bermuda
History of Guangzhou |
54_0 | Aisha Khalid (born 1972 in Lahore, Pakistan) is a female contemporary visual artist, working with miniature painting, textiles, video and site specific installations in architectural spaces.
Khalid is one of a generation of artists from Pakistan who have transformed the tradition of miniature painting into an internationally celebrated form of contemporary art. In recent years, Khalid’s practice has extended to significantly larger paintings, murals and installations. She is a member of what has come to be called the Pakistani 'neo-miniature' school.
Biography
Khalid graduated from the National College of Arts, Lahore in 1993 and completed her post-graduate degree Fine Art degree from Rijksakademie, Amsterdam in 2003. Khalid was schooled in classical miniature painting and has become a leading figure in developing the contemporary miniature. |
54_1 | She has described her two-year fellowship at the Rijksakademie as a real learning experience, due to the culture shocks she encountered. She has described how the reaction from audiences in Amsterdam to her miniatures differed compared to reactions in Pakistan: My miniatures were considered beautiful and exotic but beyond that the viewers could not read anything significant in them. They would ask me, is it about religion, ethnicity or typical oriental traditions? It was surprising to discover the difference in perception, in Pakistan my miniature was labeled as unconventional and modern while western audiences considered them archaic.As a result, her experience in Amsterdam led her to change her style and adopt more contemporary mediums to make her work more accessible to her hosts. |
54_2 | Work
Khalid works with paintings, murals, video, installations, and textile works. She was initially trained as a traditional miniaturist, and is known for reviving old techniques in contemporary ways.
Themes
Many of Khalid's works deal with the theme of gender. Her work has been described as having a 'feminine sensibility', coming partly from references to traditionally feminine crafts such as textiles and needlework. This comes both from her use of textiles in her work, but also from her focus on repeated geometric patterns, taken from traditional Islamic patterns, combined with floral motifs. |
54_3 | In keeping with the theme of gender, she has also made repeated use of the theme of the covered or uncovered female figure, using motifs such as curtains, burqas, and flowers. This theme took on a new dimension after her fellowship at the Rijksakademie in Amsterdam, where she encountered familiar patterns of male dominance and female submissiveness, but with new dimensions. Her flower and curtain symbols took on new meanings: the red-light district, for example, had different types of curtains, drawn to indicate the conduct of business.
After 9/11, a new political dimension appeared in her work. Conversation, for example, is a video installation made during Khalid's time at the Rijksakademie. The work was about her response to the violence inflicted on Afghanistan in the name of counter-terrorism. Throughout the work, a rose is slowly embroidered by a brown-skinned hand, while at the same time another rose is unpicked, removed, and subsequently erased by a white hand using a needle. |
54_4 | Awards
Khalid received the Alice Award (artist book category) in 2012, and was a finalist for the Jameel Art Prize in 2011, winning the People’s Choice Award in 2011. She is among a handful of Pakistani artists who have had solo shows of their work, including 'Two worlds as one' Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen (2016); Garden of ideas, Aga Khan Museum, Toronto (2014); Larger Than Life, Whitworth Art Gallery, United Kingdom (2012); Larger Than Life, Corvi-Mora, London (2012); Pattern to Follow, Chawkandi Art, Karachi (2010); Conversations, Pump House Gallery, London (2008). She participated at the 2009 Venice Biennale, the 2011 Sharjah Biennial and 2013 Moscow Biennale.
Books & Articles |
54_5 | Book: Aisha Khalid: The Divine is in the Detail (artist monograph, catalog), Gallery Isabelle van den Eynde, Dubai, 2013
Book: Aisha Khalid: Larger than Life (artist monograph, catalog), Whitworth Art Gallery, The University of Manchester, Manchester, 2012
Book: Aisha Khalid: Pattern to Follow (artist monograph, catalog), Gandhara-art, Hong Kong, 2010
Book: Aisha Khalid: Name, Class, Subject (artist book, artist monograph) Raking Leaves, Colombo, 2009
Book: Portraits & Vortexes: Aisha Khalid (artist monograph, catalog), Gandhara-art, Hong Kong, 2007
Book: Aisha Khalid: Tales Carried by the Breath (artist monograph, catalog), Anant Art Gallery, New Delhi, 2006
Book: Aisha Khalid 2001-2002 (artist monograph), 2002
Book: The Eye Still Seeks: Pakistani Contemporary Art (anthology) Penguin Books India, 2015
Book: Colour and Line: The Naqvi Collection (catalog) 2015 |
54_6 | Book: Art and Polemic in Pakistan: Cultural Politics and Tradition in Contemporary Miniature Painting (monograph) Tauris Academic Studies, London, 2010
Book: Journeys of the Spirit: Pakistan Art in the New Millennium (monograph) FOMMA, Karachi, 2008
Book: Memory, Metaphor, Mutations: Contemporary Art of India and Pakistan (monograph) Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2007
Book: Vasl 2005-2006 (anthology) Vasl International Artists’ Workshop, Karachi, 2006
Book: Asian Art Newspaper (Vol. 8, Issue 3; Jan 2005) (magazine), Asian Art Newspaper, London, 2005
Book: Art Tomorrow (monograph) Marc Parent/Terrail, Paris, 2002
Book: Unveiling the Visible: Lives and Works of Women Artists of Pakistan (monograph), Sang-e-Meel Publication, Lahore, 2001
Article: "Reinventing Tradition" by Rachel Duffell, Kee Magazine, 2010
Article: "Reading Through the Lense of the Political: Contemporary Art in Pakistan", Asia Art Archive, Sep 2009 |
54_7 | Article: Pakistan's Contemporary Painting Workshop, HK, Quintessentially: Insider, 2007 |
54_8 | References
External links
https://facebook.com/aishakhalid72/
https://www.summeracademy.at/en/a-short-interview-with-aisha-khalid/
https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/art/aisha-khalid-is-up-for-the-challenge-1.369575
20th-century Pakistani artists
21st-century Pakistani artists
1972 births
Living people
People from Lahore
National College of Arts alumni |
55_0 | The Thung Yai Naresuan Wildlife Sanctuary (, ) is a protected area in Thailand in the northern part of Kanchanaburi Province and the southern part of Tak Province. It was declared a wildlife sanctuary in 1972, and a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1991 together with the adjoining Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary.
Location and topography
The sanctuary is at the western national border of Thailand with Burma, in the southern area of the Dawna Range. It extends northeast of the Three Pagodas Pass from Sangkhla Buri District in Kanchanaburi Province into Umphang District in Tak Province.
The wildlife sanctuary stretches over an area of about , and is the largest protected area in Thailand.
Together with the adjoining Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary () it constitutes the core area of the Western Forest Complex, which represents the largest agglomeration of contiguous protected area in mainland Southeast Asia, . |
55_1 | The area is predominantly mountainous and composed of various limestones interspersed with massive intrusions of granite and smaller outcrops of quartzite and schist. Elevations range from about at the Vajiralongkorn Reservoir in the south of the sanctuary to its highest peak, Khao Tai Pa, at . Major rivers are the Mae Klong and the Mae Chan which originate in the Umphang Wildlife Sanctuary and join in Thung Yai into the Upper Khwae Yai which feeds the Si Nakharin Reservoir. Various smaller rivers in the south and southwest feed the Vajiralongkorn Reservoir while in the northwestern part of the sanctuary the Mae Kasat and the Mae Suriya flow into Burma. |
55_2 | Climate and rainfall
The climate of the region is characterised by three seasons: a hot, wet season from May to October, a cooler, dry period from November to January and a hot, dry season from February to April. Average minimum and maximum daily temperatures range from in the wet season, in the hot, dry season, and in the cooler season. Day-time temperatures can exceed in April, while nighttime temperatures of are not uncommon in the cool season.
The average annual rainfall decreases from the western part of the sanctuary receiving a year to annual rainfalls of between 1,600 and 2,000 millimetres in the eastern parts of the sanctuary. Over 80 percent of the rain is brought by the southwest monsoon from the Andaman Sea. |
55_3 | Flora and habitat types
Phytogeographically the sanctuary lies at the interface between the terminal southern ridges of the eastern Himalayas and the equatorial forests of the great Sunda Shelf. As most of the sanctuary is botanically unexplored, scientific knowledge about its rich flora is sparse.
montane evergreen forests cover about 15 percent of the sanctuary and occur along the mountain ridges above 1,000 metres where moisture levels are high.
Seasonal or dry evergreen forests are found on about 31 percent of the area, predominantly on land lying between 800–1,000 metres elevation. Gallery evergreen forests occur along permanent watercourses, where humidity is high and the soil perpetually moist. They are often categorized under dry evergreen forests, but are particularly important to the sanctuary's fauna.
Mixed deciduous forest is the most common forest type in Thung Yai, covering about 45 percent, predominantly in areas below elevation. |
55_4 | Dry dipterocarp forest is a formation unique to mainland Southeast Asia and is found on about one percent of the area.
Savanna forest and grassland covers about four percent, predominantly in the thung yai or "big field" covering about 140 km2 at the centre of the sanctuary.
The remaining 4% of the area are categorized as secondary forests, fallow areas, and swidden fields in the nomination for the World Heritage Site, but include also various Bamboo forests which are not included in this classification.
Fauna
Like the flora, the fauna of Thung Yai provides a specific mix of species with Sundaic, Indo-Chinese, Indo-Burmese and Sino-Himalayan affinities due to the sanctuary's particular biogeographic location. The savanna forest of Thung Yai is the most complete and secure example of Southeast Asia's dry tropical forest. |
55_5 | Among the mammal species living in Thung Yai are lar gibbon (Hylobates lar), various species of macaque (Macaca) and lutung (Trachypithecus), Indochinese tiger (Panthera tigris tigris), Indochinese leopard (Panthera pardus delacouri), clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa), sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) and Asian black bear (Ursus thibetanus), Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus), Indian elephant (Elephas maximus indicus), gaur (Bos gaurus), hog deer (Cervus porcinus), sambar (Rusa unicolor), Fea's muntjac (Muntiacus feae) und Sumatran serow (Capricornis sumatraensis) as well as many bat species probably including Kitti's hog-nosed bat (Craseonycteris thonglongyai). Thung Yai is part of the Western Forest Complex, which is the largest tiger habitat in the Southeast Asia region, with around 200 of the animals living there. The area is known as a natural breeding area for tigers in Thailand and Myanmar as well. |
55_6 | Banteng (Bos javanicus) and wild water buffalo (Bubalus amee) are known to occur in the adjoining Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary and may exist in Thung Yai too. Indications for the occurrence of Vietnamese Javan rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus annamiticus) and northern Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis lasiotis) in the area are recorded from the 1980s, but have not been confirmed since then.
Bird species sighted in Thung Yai include white-winged wood duck (Cairina scutulata), kalij pheasant (Lophura leucomelanos), grey peacock-pheasant (Polyplectron bicalcaratum), green peafowl (Pavo muticus), spot-billed pelican (Pelecanus philippensis), Oriental darter (Anhinga melanogaster), painted stork (Mycteria leucocephala), greater adjutant (Leptoptilos dubius), red-headed vulture (Sarcogyps calvus), mountain hawk-eagle (Nisaetus nipalensis), lesser fish eagle (Ichthyophaga humilis) and all six species of hornbill (Bucerotidae) living in mainland Southeast Asia. |
55_7 | The nomination for the two wildlife sanctuaries, Thung Yai Naresuan and Huai Kha Khaeng, to become World Heritage Sites lists some 120 species of mammal, 400 birds, 96 reptiles, 43 amphibians, and 113 species of fish, but research on the biodiversity in the sanctuaries is sparse. |
55_8 | Poaching |
55_9 | According to the Bangkok Post, the preserve, "... has been notorious for decades as an area where rich and powerful people enjoy poaching and game hunting." In early 2018, Premchai Karnasuta, the president of the Italian-Thai Development PLC (ITD), one of Thailand's largest construction companies, was arrested in the sanctuary in possession of skinned carcasses of protected wild animals, including a black leopard, a Kalij pheasant, and a common muntjac (also known as a barking deer), as well as three rifles and ammunition. Premchai faces several charges including trespassing and poaching. He has maintained his innocence. "I didn't do it," he told local media. He has failed to explain, however, why he was in the wildlife sanctuary and how the carcasses of the freshly killed leopard and several other endangered animals ended up in his possession. If convicted, he may be incarcerated for up to 28 years. Conservationists fear that the billionaire will be let off lightly for a wildlife |
55_10 | crime that would see an average citizen sent to prison for years. |
55_11 | In the most high-profile poaching case, on 29 April 1973 a military helicopter crashed in the sanctuary, killing six high-ranking police and military officers. It turned out that they were part of a group of more than 50 officers on an illegal four-day hunting trip in the preserve. The report claimed these hunters cooked and ate the animals they killed at parties. The military refused to admit wrongdoing and the event was brushed aside by the prime minister. The scandal eventually led to the 14 October uprising that ended the military government and led to a three-year period of democratic rule. |
55_12 | Illegal poaching by the rich and powerful is common in Thailand, said a spokesman for the Wildlife Friends Foundation. "The police, rich people and government officials do it all the time," he said. "I think it's because rich people want to show off to their friends that they have barami (, social power), that they can afford to hunt because they have so much money."
History
Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic stone tools have been found in the Khwae Noi and Khwae Yai River valleys and parts of the sanctuary were inhabited by Neolithic man. For at least 700 years, the Dawna-Tenasserim region has been home to Mon and Karen people, but burial grounds in Thung Yai and Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary have not been systematically researched. |
55_13 | The Thai name "Thung Yai Naresuan" refers to the "big field" (thung yai) or savanna in the centre of the sanctuary, and to King Naresuan, a famous Siamese ruler who supposedly based his army in the area to wage war against Burma sometime during his reign of the Ayutthaya Kingdom from 1590 until his death in 1605.
The Karen people who live in the sanctuary call the savanna pia aethala aethea which may be translated as "place of the knowing sage". It refers to the area as a place where ascetic hermits called aethea have lived and meditated and may do so even today. The Karen in Thung Yai regard them as holy men important for their history and identity in Thung Yai and revere them in a specific cult. |
55_14 | Historical sources as well as local oral tradition suggest that settlement of Karen people in Thung Yai did not occur before the second half of the 18th century. At that time, due to political and religious persecution in Burma, predominantly Pwo-Karen from the hinterlands of Moulmein and Tavoy migrated into the area northeast of the Three Pagodas Pass, where they received formal settlement rights from the Siamese Governor of Kanchanaburi. Sometime between 1827 and 1839 the Siamese King Rama III established this area as a principality (mueang) and the Karen leader who governed the principality received the Siamese title of nobility Phra Si Suwannakhiri. During the second half of the 19th century, this Karen principality at the Burmese border became particularly important for the Siamese King Rama V (Chulalongkorn) in his negotiations with the British colonial power in Burma regarding the demarcation of their western border with Siam. |
55_15 | At the beginning of the 20th century, when the modern Thai nation state was established, the Karen in Thung Yai lost their former status and importance. During the first half of the 20th century, external political influences were minimal in Thung Yai and the Karen communities were highly autonomous regarding their internal affairs. This changed in the second half of the 20th century, when the Thai nation state extended its institutions into the peripheral areas and the Karen re-appeared as chao khao or "hill tribes" on the national political agenda, as forest destroyers and illegal immigrants. |
55_16 | Plans to protect the forests and wildlife at the upper Khwae Yai and Khwae Noi river grew in the mid-1960s. Due to strong logging and mining interests in the area, it was not before 1972 that the Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary could be established, and Thung Yai resistance was even stronger. However, in April 1973 a military helicopter crashed near Thung Yai and revealed an illegal hunting party of senior military officers with family members, businessmen, and a film star, arousing nationwide public outrage which finally led to the fall of the Thanom-Prapas Regime after the uprising of 14 October 1973. After this accident and under a new democratic government, the area finally could be declared a wildlife sanctuary in 1974. After the military had taken power once again in October 1976, many of the activists of the democracy movement fled into peripheral regions of the country and some of them found refuge among the Karen people living in Thung Yai. |
55_17 | During the 1960s, not only timber and ore, but also the water of the western forests as hydroelectric power resources became of interest for commercial profit and national development. A system of several big dams was planned to produce electricity for the growing urban centres. On the Khwae Yai River the Si Nakharin Dam was finished in 1980 and the Tha Thung Na Dam in 1981, while the Khao Laem Dam (renamed Vajiralongkorn Dam) on the Khwae Noi River south of Thung Yai was completed in 1984. The Nam Choan Dam, the last of the projected dams, was supposed to flood a forest area of about 223 km2 within the Thung Yai Naresuan Wildlife Sanctuary. |
55_18 | A public dispute about the Nam Choan Dam project lasted for more than six years, dominating national politics and public debate in early-1988 before it was shelved in April that year. Pointing to the high value of Thung Yai for nature conservation and biodiversity, dam opponents on the national and international level raised the possibility of declaring the area a world heritage site. This prestigious option would have been lost with a huge dam and reservoir in the middle of the two wildlife sanctuaries most promising to meet the requirements for a global heritage. |
55_19 | After the dam project was shelved, the proposal to UNESCO was written by Seub Nakhasathien and another outspoken opponent of the Nam Choan Dam, and, in December 1991, Thung Yai Naresuan together with the adjoining Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary was declared a Natural World Heritage Site by UNESCO. In the nomination, the "outstanding universal value" of the two sanctuaries is, in first place, justified with their extraordinary high biodiversity due to their unique position at the junction of four biogeographic zones, as well as with its size and "the undisturbed nature of its habitats". The death of Seub Nakhasathien, the forest conservator instrumental in the UNESCO listing who committed suicide in 1990, transformed the status of Thung Yai Naresuan and the adjacent Huay Kha Kaeng Complex into a sacrosanct site and inspired many young persons to become forest patrol staff. |
55_20 | Even though the UNESCO nomination explicitly emphasizes the "undisturbed nature" of the area, and notwithstanding scientific studies supporting traditional settlement and use rights of the Karen people in Thung Yai as well as the sustainability of their traditional land use system and their strong intention to remain in their homeland and to protect it, governmental authorities regard the people living in Thung Yai as a threat to the sanctuary and pursue their resettlement. |
55_21 | Karen villages in Huai Kha Khaeng were removed when the sanctuary was established in 1972, and in the late-1970s the remaining communities in Huai Kha Khaeng had to leave when the Si Nakharin Dam flooded their settlement areas. During the 1980s and early-1990s, villages of the Hmong ethnic minority group were removed from the Huai Kha Khaeng and Thung Yai Naresuan Wildlife Sanctuaries. The resettlement of the remaining Karen in Thung Yai was announced in the management plan for the sanctuary, drafted in the late-1980s, as well as in the proposal for the world heritage site. But, when the Thai Royal Forest Department tried to remove them in the early-1990s, it had to reverse the resettlement scheme due to strong public criticism. Since then, the authorities have used repression, intimidation, and terror to convince the Karen to leave their homeland "voluntarily", and placed restrictions on their traditional land use system which will inevitably cause its breakdown and deprive the Karen |
55_22 | of subsistence. |
55_23 | the sanctuary employs about 200 staff to care for more than 1.3 million rai (2,080 km2). The sanctuary is larger than the total area of Bangkok, which is 98,000 rai in size. There are 25 ranger stations inside the sanctuary. Each station is assigned three firearms, some inoperable. Sanctuary staff patrol some 12,000 km of forest paths, and another 10,000 km in the adjoining Huai Kha Khaeng sanctuary. The Thailand Development Research Institute (TDRI) calculates that each forest staffer needs to police 2,083 rai (3.3 km2). In Thailand overall there are 443 protected forest zones totalling 66.3 million rai, or 20.68 percent of the country's total area. The government allocates a budget of around 61 baht per rai to manage them.
See also
Wildlife of Thailand
Indochina
References
External links
Information regarding ethnic minority people living in the sanctuary
Pictures from Thung Yai
Yai.org Western Forest Conservation Club |
55_24 | World Heritage Sites in Thailand
Wildlife sanctuaries of Thailand
Geography of Kanchanaburi province
Geography of Tak province
Protected areas established in 1974
1974 establishments in Thailand
Dawna Range |
56_0 | Sesame Beginnings is a line of products and a video series, spun off the children's television series Sesame Street. The line is targeted towards infants and their parents, and products are designed to increase family interactivity.
Product line
The line was launched mid-2005 in Canada, with a line of products exclusive to a family of Canadian retailers that includes Loblaws, Fortinos, and Zehrs. The initial offering included apparel, health and body, home, and seasonal products.
Soon after, the line expanded to products, including Random House books, available in the United States. Target is the primary retailer for the items in the US. Other Sesame Beginnings licensors include Crown Crafts (bedding), Fisher-Price (infant toys), BBC (footwear), Children's Apparel Network (department and specialty store layette, newborn and infant apparel), Hamco, Blue Ridge, Baby Boom, and AD Sutton. |
56_1 | All products in the Sesame Beginnings line are ranked on a scale of 1 to 5. Products ranked Level 1 are for birth to 6 months, Level 2 are for 6 to 12 months, Level 3 for 12 to 18 months, Level 4 targets 18 to 24 months, and Level 5 aims for 24–36 months.
DVD series
The first Beginnings videos were in stores April 23, 2006.
Beginning Together Brandy and her daughter Sy'rai appear in the video.
Make Music Together Wayne Brady and his daughter Maile appear in the video.
Exploring Together Matt Lauer and his daughter Romy host the video.
Moving Together Sarah Jessica Parker and her friend Sophia appear in the video.
Cast
Kevin Clash as Baby Elmo
Bill Barretta as Elmo's dad "Louie"
Fran Brill as Baby Prairie Dawn
Leslie Carrara-Rudolph as Prairie Dawn's mom
Matt Vogel as Baby Big Bird
Pam Arciero as Big Bird's aunt "Nani Bird"
Tyler Bunch as Baby Cookie Monster
Rickey Boyd as Cookie Monster's grandma |
56_2 | Crew
Jocelyn Hassenfeld, producer
Dionne Nosek, producer
Kevin Clash, co-producer, director
Christine Ferraro, writer
Liz Nealon, Executive Vice President, Creative Director, Sesame Workshop
Rosemarie T. Truglio, Vice President Education and Research, Sesame Workshop
Anna E. Housley Juster, Director of Content, Sesame Workshop
Sandblast Productions
Handcranked Productions
Books
There were some Sesame Street book published before Beginnings, starring the characters as babies. These books included photography of puppet-like models created of the characters. In contrast, Beginnings books feature flat colour illustrations of the characters. |
56_3 | Cookie Kisses (with Baby Cookie Monster, level 1)
Sesame Beginnings to Go: At the Store (with Baby Grover, level 2)
Sesame Beginnings to Go: Away We Go (with Baby Zoe, level 2)
Sesame Beginnings to Go: In My Stroller (with Baby Elmo, level 1)
Sesame Beginnings to Go: Time to Eat (with Baby Cookie Monster, level 1)
Snap! Button! Zip! (with Baby Zoe, level 3)
Cookie Rhyme, Cookie Time (with Baby Cookie Monster, level 4)
Hello! Good-bye! (with Baby Ernie, level 3)
Clang-Clang! Bang-Bang! (with Baby Grover, level 1)
So Big! (with Baby Elmo, level 2)
Baby Faces (with Baby Zoe, level 1)
Cookie See! Cookie Do! (with Baby Cookie, level 3)
Pat-A-Cake and Other First Baby Games (with Baby Elmo and Baby Zoe, level 4)
Peekaboo! I See You! (with Baby Big Bird, level 2)
Sing a Song of Sixpence (with Baby Zoe and Baby Ernie, level 5)
It's Naptime, Little One (with baby Elmo, Prairie Dawn, Cookie Monster, Grover, Curly Bear, and Big Bird, level 3) |
56_4 | Eyes & Nose, Fingers & Toes (with Baby Elmo, Cookie Monster, Big Bird, Zoe and Grover)
At the Zoo (with Baby Elmo, Cookie Monster, Big Bird and Zoe)
Bubbles, Bubbles (with Baby Elmo, Cookie Monster, Big Bird, Ernie and Bert)
Nighty Night (with Baby Elmo, Cookie Monster, Big Bird, Zoe, Ernie, Bert and Snuffleupagus) |
56_5 | History of the line
Sherrie Westin, Executive Vice President comments: "Our own research showed that Sesame Street videos were among those frequently viewed by the under two set, in spite of the fact that the content and curriculum of Sesame Street is designed for ages 2-5. With the Sesame Beginnings DVDs, we're providing parents and caregivers of children under two with content specifically designed to use media as a tool to further adult/child interaction."
The same "underviewing" of Sesame Street is what had earlier inspired show producers to add in the very young-targeted Elmo's World segment.
The concept of the Sesame Street cast as babies was not entirely new, as "baby-ized" versions of characters were available as books since 2002. Many likened the line to previous series like Muppet Babies. |
56_6 | Controversy and criticism
The production of DVDs and other screen-based media for children under the age of two is extremely controversial. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children under two be kept away from screen media and Sesame Beginnings has been criticized by a number of early childhood development experts who point to research suggesting that television viewing by babies can harm language development and sleep patterns. An April 23, 2006 article in The Washington Post quoted Harvard Medical School psychologist Susan Linn as saying "There is no evidence that media is beneficial for babies, and they are starting to find evidence that it may be harmful. Until we know for sure, we shouldn't risk putting them in front of the television." |
56_7 | Sesame Street Kids’ Guide to Life has countered such criticism by pointing to their partnership with Zero to Three, a respected American nonprofit child-development and advocacy organization, to produce the DVDs and also that they were extensively researched and tested by respected experts in childhood development. However, one of Zero to Three's original founders, noted pediatrian T. Berry Brazelton, was among the signatories of a letter of protest that was submitted to Zero to Three calling on the organization to disassociate itself with the project. |
56_8 | Advisory board
Beginnings, like all Sesame Workshop and Kids’ Guide to Life projects, included an advisory committee of "national child development and media experts"
Daniel R. Anderson, Ph.D., University of Massachusetts Amherst
Rachel Barr, Ph.D., Georgetown University
Lori A. Custodero, D.M.A., Teachers College, Columbia University
Claire Lerner, L.C.S.W., ZERO TO THREE
Kyle Pruett, M.D., Yale University School of Medicine
Claudia A. Saad, M.A., CCC-SLP, American Speech–Language–Hearing Association
References
External links
Sesame Beginnings, official site
Random House: Sesame Beginnings books
Zero to Three, production partner
Washing Post Article - "Experts Rip 'Sesame' TV Aimed at Tiniest Tots"
NPR Talk of the Nation: 'Sesame Beginnings' Targets Baby TV Viewers, 3 April 2006
Sesame Street |
57_0 | Gun Metal Grey is a 2010 Hong Kong police procedural television serial drama produced by TVB. The drama follows a team of investigators who works in the Special Crime Unit of the Criminal Investigation Division in a Hong Kong police department.
Police
Ko Chun-man portrays Superintendent Lau (劉警司), who is the supervisor of Chong Shun.
Tai Chi-wai portrays Chong Shun (莊信), nicknamed Bao Cha Chong (爆炸莊), which literally means Bombing Chong, a police chief inspector, who is the superior of both CID Team A and B.
CID, Team A
Mad Sir
Michael Miu portrays Mai On-ting (米安定), nicknamed Mad Sir, one of the story's main protagonists. He is Team A's Senior Inspector and is known for his quirky methods of investigating and interrogating. Despite being extremely hasty and thriftless, he always keeps his promises. He values friendship and a swift decision-maker. He heavily relies on his intuition and quick thinking when investigating cases. |
57_1 | He is good friends with Stone, though they once had a falling out due to their different styles of investigation methods. Mad was also the only suspect who witnessed Stone murder a defendant lawyer and his wife, though he only saw Stone's silhouette. After Stone is released from jail, Mad openly accepts him back into the team and helps Stone uncover the real murderer who framed him.
Stone Sir
Felix Wong portrays Shek Tung-sing (石東昇), nicknamed Stone Sir, one of the story's main protagonists. He was framed for murdering a defendant lawyer and his wife fifteen years ago, and was sentenced to a lifelong jail term. He later discovers a piece of key evidence while reading a magazine article written by Kim, and is later released from jail. He reunites with his wife and daughter, but their relationship is estranged. He returns working as Team A's Sergeant led by Mad Sir. |
57_2 | After released from jail, he thinks the laws governing today's society are unjust and have a need to use his own methods of punishing those who commit wrongdoing. Later, he is described to be a vengeful and insecure policeman who throws all the injustices and anger within his heart to society. As Stone Sir becomes more and more extreme, Mad Sir is dissatisfied with Stone's practice. This also causes the breakup of their long-term friendship.
Please refer to "underground magistrate". |
57_3 | Nancy Wu portrays Hui Man-sze (許文詩), Team A's Sergeant.
Vincent Wong portrays Carson Ko Kei-yeung (高紀煬), Team A's Probationary Inspector. He was killed by Shek Tung-sing in Chapter 28.
Grace Wong portrays Kong Hoi-ching (江愷澄), nicknamed Leng Bao (靚爆), which literally means "unbelievably beautiful", a Team A officer.
Oscar Leung portrays Lee Shim-leung (李閃亮), nicknamed Fai Shim (快閃), which literally means "to leave quickly", a Team A officer.
Koo Ming-wah portrays Lo Hang (魯亨), nicknamed Lo Chai (老柴), which literally means "old and experienced person", a Team A officer.
CID, Team B
Au Sui-wai portrays Ho Sir, Team B's senior inspector.
Journalists |
57_4 | Boom Weekly
Leung Shun-yin portrays Pao Wu Sau-wai (包鄔秀慧), the owner of Boom Weekly.
Ngai Wai-man portrays the chief editor of Boom Weekly, the supervisor of Hui Man-him.
Jessica Hsuan portrays Kim Hui Man-him (許文謙), one of the story's main protagonists. She is the editor for Boom Weekly, an entertainment magazine, and Sze's older sister.
Vincent Wan portrays Yue Tai-ban (余大斌), a photographer for Boom Weekly.
Cilla Kung portrays Daisy So Siu-kei (蘇小琦), a journalist for Boom Weekly.
Rebecca Chan portrays Kan Chuk-kwan (簡竹君), an account clerk for Boom Weekly. |
57_5 | Other characters
Law Lok-lam portrays Ko Lap-yan (高立仁), a retired police superintendent and Ko Kei-yeung's father. He was killed by Chau Tai-fu after being revealed involving in the Fung Chung-wing murder 15 years ago.
Rebecca Chan portrays Kan Chuk-kwan (簡竹君), Stone's wife and Ho Kai-chit's girlfriend.
Mimi Chu portrays Lily Ma Lei-lei (馬莉莉), Kim's mother and Sze's adopted mother.
Janice Ting portrays Sharon Shek Long (石朗), Stone and Kwan's teenage daughter.
Yue Chi-ming portrays Shek Ka-chai (石家齊), Stone's father, who has Alzheimer's disease.
Lily Li portrays Wong Mei-ha (王美霞), Stone's mother.
Angel Chiang portrays Mai On-lok (米安樂), Mad's younger sister.
Joseph Lee portrays Ho Kai-chit (賀佳喆), Kan Chuk-kwan's boyfriend. He looked after Shek's family when Stone was in prison.
Leung Kin-ping portrays Tai Wai-kin (戴偉健), Kim Hui's ex-boyfriend. He cheated Kim Hui and deprived her editor position.
Criminal cases |
57_6 | Fung Chun-wing murder (Ep. 1–11)
Eric Chung portrays Fung Chun-wing (馮振榮), a lawyer. He was killed in his house with his wife 15 years ago. The murder was imputed to Shek Tung-sing.
Nancy Wu portrays Hui Man-sze (許文詩), whose original name was Fung Siu-yau (馮小柔). She is the daughter of Fung Chun-wing. She was adopted by Ma Lei-lei after the murder.
Felix Wong portrays Shek Tung-sing (石東昇), a policeman which was claimed to kill Fung Chun-wing 15 years ago. He was sentenced to 15-year jail. But he successfully overturned the judgement, was released from jail and restored to policeman in Chapter 1. He killed Chau Tai-fu in Chapter 11.
Law Lok-lam portrays Ko Lap-yan (高立仁), the former supervisor of Chong Shun and Ho Kim-wai. 15 years ago, he stole HK$5 million in a drug trafficking case and determined to launder the money with Fung Chun-wing. He appointed Chau Tai-fu to steal the money from Chun-wing. He was killed by Chau Tai-fu in Chapter 11. |
57_7 | Tai Chi-wai portrays Chong Shun (莊信), the former subordinate of Ko Lap-yan. He was instructed by Ko Lap-yan to impute the murder to Shek Tung-sing 15 years ago.
Ho Kai-nam portrays Chau Tai-fu (仇大虎), the murder appointed by Ko Lap-yan to kill Fung Chun-wing and his wife 15 years ago. He killed Ho Kim-wai and Ko Lap-yan in Chapter 10 and 11 respectively. He was killed by Shek Tung-sing in Chapter 11.
Cheng Ka-sang portrays Ho Kim-wai (何劍威), the former subordinate of Ko Lap-yan. He was instructed by Ko Lap-yan to impute the murder to Shek Tung-sing 15 years ago. He was killed by Chau Tai-fu in Chapter 10.
Chan Min-leung portrays Heroin Sing (白粉成), a prisoner involving in a drug trafficking case 15 years ago. |
57_8 | Kitchen stove murder (Ep. 2–3)
Shum Po-yee portrays Chan Wai-mei (陳惠媚). She is Uncle Mau's wife and Koo Hing-fai's girlfriend. She was killed and her body was put in kitchen stove.
Chan Tik-hak portrays Uncle Mau (茅叔). He is Chan Wai-mei's husband. He was killed and found hanged in his home.
Peter Pang portrays Koo Hing-fai (古慶輝). He is Chan Wai-mei's boyfriend. He killed Chan Wai-kuen and Uncle Mau. |
57_9 | Children dismemberment (Ep. 4–6)
Lau Lok-ming portrays Yin Tsai (賢仔), who is the son of Uncle Chung and Sister Kuen. He was mistakenly killed by Uncle Chung.
Savio Tsang portrays Uncle Chung (忠叔), who is the father of Yin Tsai and the husband of Sister Kuen. He killed Yin Tsai mistakenly, then killed and dismembered Yin Tsai's classmates. He died in an explosion after he ignited LPG in his house.
Wong Tsz-wai portrays Sister Kuen (娟姐), who is the mother of Yin Tsai and the wife of Uncle Chung.
Wah Chong-nam portrays Village Chef Ho (何村長), who is a village chef. His son is Yin Tsai's classmate killed by Uncle Chung. |
57_10 | Pseudo-model rape-killing (Ep. 12–14)
Wendy Lee portrays Chan On Nai (陳安娜), with stage name Gina B, a pseudo-model, who was raped and killed by Frankie Chiang in Chapter 12.
Coffee Lam portrays Yuki, a pseudo-model, who was raped by Frankie Chiang in chapter 12 but he chose not to murder her since the sirens arrived, instead he left her naked in the woods.
Stephen Huynh portrays Frankie Chiang (蔣俊暉), a photographer who enjoys to sexually torture and murder pseudo models. In Chapter 12, Frankie raped and murdered Gina B, and raped Yuki in Chapter 13. During the crime, he bonds the models and videotapes the rapes, then he sends copies of the crime to their family members. He was arrested and sentenced to life in Chapter 14. |
57_11 | Daniel Kwok portrays Yuen Kwok-hung (袁國雄), a photographer assistant. He secretly took countless pictures of women and uploaded pornographic photos to the Internet, some included the rape of Gina B. The police originally believed he was the murderer. He was arrested in Chapter 12 but was confirmed uninvolved in the case. |
57_12 | Ho Mei-hung murder (Ep. 15–17)
Janice Shum portrays Ho Mei-hung (何美紅), the deceased. She is the wife of Chan Ka-kuen, and the mistress of Leung Kan. She determined to kill Chan Ka-kuen and his father by poison to cheat the HK$1M insurance compensation. She was killed by Kuen's father in Chapter 15.
Ip Wai portrays Chan Ka-kuen (陳家權). He was a journalist of the Boom Weekly and the subordinate of Hui Man-him. He is the husband of Ho Mei-hung.
Kwok Tak-shun portrays the father of Chan Ka-kuen, and the father-in-law of Ho Mei-hung. He killed Ho Mei-hung in Chapter 15.
Wong Wai-tak portrays Leung Kan (梁澗). He is the boss of a metalware store. He is the husband of Yeung Ka-hung and the lover of Ho Mei-hung.
Candy Chu portrays the wife of Leung Kan. |
57_13 | Careless driving driver murders (Ep.17–19)
Yik Chi-yuen portrays Peter Lam Sai-cheong (林世昌), a truck driver, who was involved in drunk driving, causing the injury of Cheung Chi-hin and the deaths of Cheung's parents and wife. He was knocked down and killed by a car driven by Lau Yin-ling in Chapter 17.
Kwan Ho-yeung portrays David Law Tai-ming (羅戴明), a driver, who involved careless driving. He was knocked down and seriously injured by a car driven by Lau Yin-ling in Chapter 18.
Deno Cheung portrays Robert Mak Chi-wai (麥志偉), a driver, who knocked down and killed Lau Yin-ling's son. He was knocked down and killed by Lau Yin-ling in Chapter 19.
Poon Fong-fong portrays Lau Yin-ling (劉燕玲), a volunteer in traffic accident tutorial centre. Her son was knocked down and killed by a car driven by Robert. She made use of Lui Kin to plan her revenge on careless driving drivers, including Peter, David and Robert. She committed suicide and died in Chapter 19, just after prosecuted by Carson Ko. |
57_14 | Bond Chan portrays Cheung Chi-hin (張志軒), who was injured in Peter's drunk driving. His parents and wife were killed.
Fung So-bor portrays the grandmother of Cheung Chi-hin.
Wong Chun-tong portrays Lui Kin (雷堅), who was a speed racer and is now the owner of a scrapyard. Previously he knocked down and killed his girlfriend during speed racing. He was instigated by Lau Yin-ling to plan Lau's revenge on careless driving drivers. |
57_15 | Young girl dismemberment (Ep. 20-21)
Gogo Cheung portrays Kitty, the deceased. She was Jackie Chan, Kam Sai-man, To Tik-kei and Chan Hung-nin's friend. She was killed by Kam Sai-man and dismembered by Jackie Chan, Kam Sai-man, To Tik-kei and Chan Hung-nin in Chapter 20.
Queena Chan portrays Jackie Chan Wing Chi (陳穎芝). She was Kitty, Kam Sai-man, To Tik-kei's friend, and Chan Hung-nin's girlfriend. She introduced Kam Sai-man's prostitution job to Kitty. She helped Kam Sai-man to dismember Kitty's body.
Oscar Chan portrays Kam Sai-man (甘世文), nicknamed King Kong. He was Kitty, Jackie Chan, To Tik-kei and Chan Hung-nin's friend. He killed and dismembered Kitty when she refused to take prostitution job.
Aniszico Hau portrays To Tik-kei (杜力奇), nicknamed K Tsai. He was Kitty, Jackie Chan, Kam Sai-man and Chan Hung-nin's friend. He helped Kam Sai-man to dismember Kitty's body. |
57_16 | Max Choi portrays Jacky Chan Hung-nin (陳雄年), nicknamed Panda. He was Kitty, Kam Sai-man and To Tik-kei's friend, and Jackie Chan's boyfriend. He helped Kam Sai-man to dismember Kitty's body. |
57_17 | Prostitute murders (Ep. 21-24)
Patrick Tang portrays Ting Yuen-ho (丁遠浩), a doctor and a whoremaster. He was Tracy's boyfriend. He suffered from dissociative identity disorder and sometimes believed that he was Tracy. Motivated by Tracy's identity, Ting killed three prostitutes, Chiu Suk-kuen, Cheung Chun-lai and Chow Lai-sum, after having sex with them in Chapter 21. He committed suicide under the instigation of Shek Tung-sing in Chapter 24.
Tammy Ho portrays Chiu Suk-kuen (趙淑娟), a prostitute. She was killed by Ting Yuen-ho in Chapter 21.
Wu Mei-sze portrays Cheung Chun-lai (張春麗), a prostitute. She was killed by Ting Yuen-ho in Chapter 21.
Cheung Mei-yee portrays Chow Lai-sum (周麗心), a prostitute. She was killed by Ting Yuen-ho in Chapter 21.
Pauline Chow portrays Tracy Lee Choi-sze (李彩思), Ting Yuen-ho's girlfriend and Nancy's younger sister. She committed suicide after finding Ting procuring prostitutes in Chapter 22.
Fanny Ip portrays Nancy Lee Choi-lei (李采妮), Tracy's elder sister. |
57_18 | Billionaire murders (Ep. 24-26)
Leo Tsang portrays Chin Wing-choi (錢永財), a billionaire and Rose Chin's husband. He jointly invested in a chemical factory in Vietnam with Mo's brothers. He was killed by Yuen Chi-ming by cyanide poisoning in Chapter 24.
Elena Kong portrays Rose Chin Chow Tsz-lun (錢周芷倫), Chin Wing-choi's wife and Mai On-ting's ex-girlfriend.
Raymond Tsang portrays Mo Yau-leung (巫有良), a triad member and Mo Yau-Tak's elder brother. The brothers jointly invested in a chemical factory in Vietnam with Chin Wing-choi. He was killed by Yuen Chi-ming by cyanide poisoning in Chapter 25.
Law Tin-chi portrays Mo Yau-tak (巫有德), Mo Yau-leung's younger brother. The brothers jointly invested in a chemical factory in Vietnam with Chin Wing-choi. He was almost killed by Yuen Chi-ming in Chapter 26. |
57_19 | Max Cheung portrays Yuen Chi-ming (阮志明), a Vietnam Chinese and an engineer in a chemical factory invested by Chin Wing-choi and Mo's brothers. He was imputed by Mo Yau-leung to be responsible for an explosion accident in the factory. His wife and daughter were also killed in the accident. He revenged to kill Chin Wing-choi and Mo Yau-leung by cyanide poisoning. He was arrested when he tried to kill Mo Yau-tak in Chapter 26. |
57_20 | Missing people murders (Ep. 26-28)
Chuk Man-kwan portrays Chan Ar-ping (陳亞萍), an outlier and Fong Chun-yiu's wife.
Siu Cheuk Yiu portrays Fong Chun-yiu (方俊耀), an outlier and Chan Ar-ping's husband, who killed Sister Sin, Uncle Ping and Aunt Yung. He was killed by Shek Tung-sing in Chapter 28.
So Lai-ming portrays Sister Sin (善姐), Chan Ar-ping's friend who helped Chan to find jobs for her. But she was killed by Fong Chun-yiu.
Fong Fu-keung portrays Uncle Ping (炳叔), Chan Ar-ping's boss. He was killed by Fong Chun-yiu.
Ng Heung-lun portrays Aunt Yung (容姨), Chan Ar-ping's friend who helped Chan to look after her son. But she was killed by Fong Chun-yiu. |
57_21 | Underground magistrate (Ep. 11-30)
Felix Wong portrays Shek Tung-sing (石東昇), nicknamed Stone Sir. After being released from 15 years behind bars, Stone Sir thought that the current legal system could not punish but only bias towards the guilty. To become more and more extreme, he acted as an "underground magistrate" to use his own methods of punishing those who commit wrongdoing, including:
Killed Chau Tai-fu (portrayed by Ho Kai-nam) in Chapter 11
Made a false accusation against Frankie Chiang (portrayed by Stephen Huynh) in Chapter 14
Agreed with the false accusation done by Chan Ka-kuen (portrayed by Ip Wai) in Chapter 16
Destroyed the evidence against Lau Yin-ling (portrayed by Poon Fong-fong) in Chapter 19
Determined to incite Kam Sai-man (portrayed by Oscar Chan) to kill Chan Wing-chi (portrayed by Queena Chan) in Chapter 20
Changed the medicine and incited Ting Yuen-ho (portrayed by Patrick Tang) to commit suicide in Chapter 24 |
57_22 | Determined to convince Yuen Chi-ming (portrayed by Max Cheung) to kill Mo Yau-tak (portrayed by Law Tin-chi) in Chapter 26
Killed Fong Chun-fai (portrayed by Siu Cheuk-yiu) and Carson Ko (portrayed by Vincent Wong) in Chapter 28
Killed Ar Long (portrayed by Eric Li) and determined to kill Hui Man-him (portrayed by Jessica Hsuan) in Chapter 29/30
Sentenced to prison with the loss of his hearing ability and his right leg in Chapter 30 |
57_23 | See also
Gun Metal Grey
List of Gun Metal Grey episodes
Gun Metal Grey
Gun Metal Grey |
58_0 | Paradise Lost 3: Purgatory is a 2011 American documentary film directed by Joe Berlinger and Bruce Sinofsky, and sequel to their films Paradise Lost: The Child Murders at Robin Hood Hills (1996) and Paradise Lost 2: Revelations (2000). The three films are about West Memphis Three, three teenage boys accused of the May 1993 murders and sexual mutilation of three prepubescent boys as a part of an alleged satanic ritual in West Memphis, Arkansas. Purgatory offers an update on the case of the West Memphis Three, who were all recognized guilty of the murders in 1994 but kept on claiming their innocence since then, before culminating with the trio's attempt at an Alford plea. |
58_1 | The film premiered at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival on September 11, 2011, before airing on HBO on January 12, 2012. It received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature, as well as Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Exceptional Merit in Documentary Filmmaking and Outstanding Directing for Nonfiction Programming.
Description
Joe Berlinger and Bruce Sinofsky update the case of the West Memphis Three since the release of Paradise Lost 2: Revelations in 2000. Damien Echols's defense team has hired some of the most renowned forensic scientists to collect DNA and other evidence that had never been tested during the 1994 trials in hopes of getting a new trial. The defense teams and supporters of Echols, Jason Baldwin, and Jessie Misskelley have uncovered new details that occurred during the trial that led to guilty verdicts against them. |
58_2 | Central are the allegations of jury misconduct with the jury foreman discussing the case with an attorney during the Echols-Baldwin trial and bringing Misskelley's confession into deliberations even though it was not let into evidence. The forensic experts have uncovered DNA and new witnesses that focus suspicion toward Terry Hobbs, the stepfather of one of the murder victims.
A hair found in the ligature that bound one of the victims is a match to him, he has told several conflicting stories concerning his whereabouts during the time of the murders, and he has a history of violence against his wife and possibly his stepson. While many are convinced he should be considered a suspect, the West Memphis, Arkansas Police Department have only questioned him and do not consider him a suspect. |
58_3 | Appeals for a new trial based on the new evidence have been denied by the original trial judge. But in November 2010, the Arkansas Supreme Court threw out that ruling and granted an evidentary hearing scheduled for December 2011, to decide if the evidence is enough for a new trial. This brings new hope to the defendants and their supporters that they will finally get the fair trial they never got.
In August 2011, four months before the hearing is to take place, the prosecutors and defense lawyers talked over a plea deal that would allow the three men to walk out of prison, on the condition that they plead guilty but can maintain their innocence. They reluctantly accept the deal, after 18 years and 78 days, they walk free from prison. |
58_4 | Release
Originally intended to be another installment in which the three men remained in prison, the film was to premiere on the HBO network in November 2011. The world premiere of the film was announced to occur at the Toronto International Film Festival in September 2011.
Due to the sudden August 19 release of the West Memphis Three, the filmmakers decided to postpone the film for another two months, to give the series a definitive ending, and a theatrical release, potentially allowing qualification for Best Documentary Feature at the 84th Academy Awards. Interviews used for the film featuring the newly freed men began shooting the day following their release on August 20.
The film, in its original form, still made its premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival, while the re-cut version premiered at the New York Film Festival. The re-cut version premiered on October 10, 2011. The three men, accompanied by their families, attorneys, and supporters, attended the event. |
58_5 | In January 2012, Paradise Lost 3: Purgatory was among five documentary features to be nominated for an Oscar in the 2012 Academy Awards ceremony.
Reception
Critical response
Paradise Lost 3: Purgatory has an approval rating of 100% on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 16 reviews, and an average rating of 7.86/10. It also has a score of 85 out of 100 on Metacritic, based on 4 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".
In January 2012, Paradise Lost 3: Purgatory was among five documentary features to be nominated for an Oscar in the 2012 Academy Awards ceremony.
References
External links
Paradise Lost 3: Purgatory at HBO
2011 documentary films
2011 films
American documentary films
American sequel films
American films
Documentary films about crime in the United States
Films about miscarriage of justice
Films set in Arkansas
HBO documentary films
West Memphis Three
Films directed by Bruce Sinofsky
Films directed by Joe Berlinger
Films produced by Joe Berlinger |
59_0 | SB Centaur is a wooden Thames sailing barge, built in Harwich, Essex, England in 1895. She was used to carry various cargoes, mainly grain, for the next 60 years. During the First World War she carried food and coal to the French Channel ports. During the Second World War Centaur was damaged when sailing to assist with the Dunkirk Evacuation. She did war work for the duration of the conflict.
In 1945 she returned to the grain trade until 1955, when she was derigged. Between 1955 and 1966 she was used as a lighter until bought in 1966 by Richard Duke to re-rig as a charter barge. She was sold in 1973 to the charity Thames Barge Sailing Club (now the Thames Sailing Barge Trust). Restored between 1984 and 1993, and further in 2013, she now berths at Hythe Quay, Maldon. |
59_1 | Description |
59_2 | Thames sailing barges were commercial sailing vessels once common on the River Thames in London. The flat-bottomed barges with a shallow draught and leeboards, were well adapted to the shallow, narrow waters of the Thames Estuary and East Anglia. The larger barges were seaworthy vessels, and were the largest sailing vessel to be handled by just two men. The average size was about 120 tons and they carried from of canvas sail in six working sails. The mainsail was loose-footed and set up with a sprit, and was brailed to the mast when not needed. It was sheeted to a horse, as were the foresails, so needed no attention when going about (except that the foresail is held back by the mate when tacking to help the vessel come about). The topsail was usually the first sail on and last sail off, being fixed to the topmast by hoops. In the upper reaches of the rivers and constricted harbours it reached into clear air, to catch wind when the air was still at water level. When approaching a |
59_3 | berth casting off the halliard would drop the topsail immediately, killing any forward motion. The mizzen boom was sheeted down to the long shallow rudder, which helped the vessels through the wind when tacking. The sails were made of flax; their rust colour came from the traditional waterproofing solution; a mixture of ochre, fish oil and urine. The masts were mounted in tabernacles so they could be lowered to pass under bridges without losing headway, with the anchor windlass used to lower and raise the gear via triple blocks. This took considerable effort and to aid in the process "hufflers" were often used; they would come on board to help with raising the gear (for a fee). The bowsprit, where fitted, could be "topped" – raised – where space was limited. |
59_4 | The barges were wooden hulled, between long with a beam of around . The hull form was flat-bottomed with a degree of flare to the sides and plumb ends. To prevent unwanted (sideways) passage to the lee, there was a massive pivoted, retractable, winch operated leeboard on each side. On the Centaur each weighed . The stern was a transom, fitted with a large rudder. The hull was mainly a hold with two small living areas in the bow and stern, and access was through two large hatchways, the smaller before the main mast and a much larger aperture behind. These barges required no ballast. No auxiliary power was used originally but many barges were fitted with engines in later years. When no wharf was available, the barge could use the ebbing tide to stand on the mud close to shore, and offload its cargo into carts. A barge with no topsail – or top mast – sailing stumpy-rigged required a smaller crew. With a shallow draught, they could penetrate deep into the back waters. Not needing |
59_5 | ballast reduced their turn-round time. They could be berthed on a flat mud bank, against a camp-shed, on a barge bed or in a held tide dock. |
59_6 | In good conditions, sailing barges could attain speeds of over , and their leeboards allowed them to be highly effective windward performers. The unusual spritsail rig allowed any combination of sails to be set: even the topsail on its own could be effective in some conditions.
Uses
Thames sailing barges were the heavy goods vehicles of their time, moving of loose cargo at a time from outside the capital to the city. They brought in coal for the furnaces, bricks to construct mills and houses, and hay for the horses. Barges were used to transport rubbish from various cities out to the brickfields where it was used as fuel; it was only for the last mile of the trip to the brickfields that road transport had to be used. In 1900 there were over 2,000 privately owned Thames sailing barges in operation.
History |
59_7 | Early life
SB Centaur, wood built, probably pitch pine on oak, was constructed for Charles Stone of Mistley to be used for the coastal trade. She was large compared with the average sailing barge and had a "generous sheer and shapely transom" making her more seaworthy. She was long, with a beam of and a draught of . Her capacity was . When loaded she could have as little as freeboard, and hurried loading meant that she frequently listed. Construction took six weeks and she was launched on 15February 1895 by John and Herbert Cann at the Bathside yard, Gashouse Creek, Harwich. Her first master was James Stone, and she had a crew of two: a mate and a boy. There was another Thames sailing barge named Centaur, based in Rochester and built in 1899. She sank in 1930 after colliding with Aspbodel. Records referring to "SB Centaur" are not always clear as to which is meant. |
59_8 | In 1898 Centaur won the Harwich Barge Race. In 1899 an "SB Centaur", probably her Rochester-based namesake, won the Medway Barge Race, passing over the finishing line at Upnor minutes ahead of second placed SB Giralda. The Mistley barges worked the ports of north east France, Belgium and the Netherlands, from most of the English ports between Southampton and Goole. There are records of her carrying wheat, hydrochloric acid, sugar, linseed oil and raw linseed. In April 1902 her steering gear was damaged while sailing from Shoreham and she was towed into Newhaven. In January 1905 she had to be towed into Portland. Both anchors were lost off the Netherlands in December 1906.
Her sailing qualities have been described as:
World War I |
59_9 | In the First World War, SB Centaur joined her sister barges taking foodstuffs and large quantities of coal, coke, and pitch to the French ports of Le Treport, Calais and Boulogne-sur-Mer. Commonly there were 180 barges discharging at Le Treport. They sailed over enemy mines due to their shallow draught, and were too small to attract enemy U-boats. These were profitable runs as carriage was charged at £6 a ton. On one crossing, the date is not recorded, in thick fog, the Centaur was struck amidships by a coastal motor boat (CMB), a small, motorised, military vessel, which mounted her deck and settled on her main hatch. Both boats were undamaged and the Centaur returned home and safely unloaded both the CMB and her cargo.
Inter-war years |
59_10 | After the war, Centaur resumed the coastal trade. She made a number of voyages to France and Belgium carrying pitch and coal. Ephraim Cripps was her skipper for twenty years and kept records of each voyage. Colchester was her main port from 1928 to 1930, and she worked the East Anglian coast. In 1933 she joined Francis and Gilders Ltd which managed a large fleet of sailing barges out of Colchester, transporting grain from Norfolk, Suffolk and Essex into London.
World War II
The first major civilian maritime event of the Second World War was the Dunkirk evacuation where hundreds of small ships rescued allied soldiers from the beaches. Like many of the sailing barge fleet Centaur sailed down to the assembly point at Dover, where she collided with a tug and so was unable to make the crossing. The rest of the conflict was spent under government charter, carrying much the same cargos as she always had around the south and east coasts of England.
Post-war |
59_11 | After the war Centaur returned to working the grain trade. In January 1952, in force 6–7 winds with seas breaking across her hatches, her rudder broke and she was towed into Colne by the SB Saxon. Francis and Gilders Ltd were the last "seeker barges", barges that sought any cargo; the London and Rochester Trading Company merged with them in 1951. The new owners were intent on selling on these barges, and Centaur took her last cargo in 1955. During her last year in the carrying trade, as well as grain she transported timber, sugar beet, ballast, cement and oil drums. Centaur and the other three remaining working sailing barges, George Smeed, Kitty and Mirosa were deregistered and disposed of to Brown & Son of Chelmsford. There they were de-masted, de-registered and used as timber lighters. Between 1955 and 1966 she was used as a lighter to tranship timber from ships in the Blackwater estuary to canal lighters headed for Chelmsford. |
59_12 | In 1966 she was purchased by Richard Duke and re-rigged as a charter barge with four four-berth cabins. In 1968 she was class winner at the Blackwater Sailing Barge Match. She was sold in 1973 to the Thames Barge Sailing Club (now the Thames Sailing Barge Trust), a registered charity. She was restored between 1974 and 1993, with most frames and planks replaced and a new auxiliary motor, a Bedford six-cylinder truck engine fitted with a marine gearbox, installed. In 1993 she won the Inter-match Trophy. In 1995 the sacrificial planking was replaced in iroko and opeipi. In 2013 a Heritage Lottery Fund grant of £100,000 was obtained which contributed to further restoration work, including redoubling the bottom timbers. She now berths at Hythe Quay, Maldon and is available for charter during the summer months. She is still traditionally rigged, as she was in 1895, currently with of sail. |