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– Don’t forget to stock up on Poke Balls before the Pokemon GO Community Day! – Our resident expert is giving tips on how to get the most out of your raids! – Get in on the action today with our Pokemon GO Adventurers League! – Are you wondering what’s new in the world of Pokestops and Gyms? Check out our blog for all the latest news! Poke principe Pio is a restaurant located in Santa Fe, New Mexico and was founded by Ryan Elliot and his wife Alexandra. The restaurant offers poke bowls made from fresh, local ingredients. Poke principe Pio is unique in that they also offer an array of hot sauces to enhance your bowl of poke. The restaurant has quickly become a popular destination for locals and tourists who love good food and great company. The Elliot family takes great care in ensuring that each dish is made with the freshest ingredients. They also strive to make their customer’s dining experience as enjoyable as possible. Whether you seek a quick snack or want to enjoy a full meal, poked is definitely the place to go! The product, Poke Principe Pio, is made up of a mixture of chicken, rice, and vegetables. It is gluten-free and vegan. The pre-packaged product contains 220 grams of protein. El poke principe pio es una sencilla mezcla de masa que se usa para quemar grasas. La mayoría de las personas lo usan como un complemento alimenticio, pero también se ha aprovechado para crear cervezas. Poke Principe Pio is a dietary supplement that contains the extract of an Amazonian herb, moringa. Poke Principe Pio has many different benefits that can be used in everyday life. The first benefit is its ability to improve energy levels. Another benefit of using Poke Principe Pio is that it helps with weight loss. The last benefit of using Poke Principe Pio is that it has beneficial effects on the brain and nervous system. If you are looking for a practical way to use the Poke Principe Pio, there are a few things that you should keep in mind. First and foremost, you will want to make sure that your skin is properly hydrated before using this product. This is especially important if you have dry skin, as the moisturizing properties of the product will be nullified. Additionally, it is important to avoid using too much of the product at once; instead, slowly work it into your skin until you achieve the desired level of moisture. Finally, be sure to use a sunscreen lotion or sunscreen spray beforehand to help protect your skin from sun damage. Poke Principe Pio is a new restaurant in Dallas that is known for its fantastic poke bowls. This restaurant is a great option for anyone looking to save money on their meal. Here are some money saving tips that you can use at Poke Principe Pio: 1. Order the poke bowl without any rice or noodles. This way, you can save even more money because you won’t need to buy any of those items separately. 2. Skip the sour cream and diced pineapple in the bowl. These ingredients are optional and can add up to a costs of around $3.92. 3. Ask for additional sauce instead of diced fruit if you want a bit more flavor in your bowl. The dish comes with a soy sauce and wasabi dressing, so you can mix and match those sauces to your liking. 4. Use chopsticks instead of fingers when eating your poke bowl. Slapping food into your mouth with your hands will only result in messes and expensive clean-up costs!

Judges in Spain have flip flopped on the censor of a number of LGBTQ+ texts. Photo: David McNew/Getty Images. A Spanish judge decided to censor 31 LGBTQ+-themed books in 11 schools in the city of Castellón de la Plana. She did it at the request of the Christian Lawyers Association. Now, a city judge has lifted the measure because he does not believe that any of the books violate human rights. The books promoted inclusion and respect for sexual diversity. The Christian Lawyers Association collected signatures against the distribution of the works in educational centers and later filed a lawsuit in front of a court. The judge agreed and imposed the withdrawal of the books from schools. But the dispute was not only in the judicial sphere. In the Courts of Valencia, a spokesman showed one of the books entitled Gay Sex and said that works like it take care of self-esteem. At that moment, another of the deputies made fun of him. The authors of several of the books believe minors have the right to adequate training. However, the Christian Lawyers Association considers that LGBTQ+-themed books are illegal because they resort “to the constant scorn of religions.” But the new judge disagrees. He considers that the law “provides for the existence in public libraries of literary works of the indicated subject” and has lifted the censorship. Here are some of the censored books. It reflects the thoughts of its author, Saornil, a libertarian, lesbian, and poet of the feminist and anarchist movements of the 1930s. She died in 1974, but dedicated her life to the anti-fascist struggle and created the organization, Mujeres Libres, which had 20,000 members. Social media reacts violently every time pop culture is infected by feminism. Princess Leia in Star Wars and Ghostbusters are just a few examples. The book asks who is behind the alt-right and conservatism. The poet died in March 2017 when she was only 25 years old. Her collection of poems has been published three years after her death. The artist stood out for being an activist, feminist and always vindictive about her causes. The two authors are referents of the lesbian and feminist collective. With the results of a survey of 5,000 lesbian women in Latin America and Spain, they draw a complete picture of couple relationships, the discovery of love for other women, and the shape of families.

The Asian Paralympic Committee (APC) today announced that the 2017 Asian Youth Para Games will take place in Dubai from 10-14th December. The last Asian Youth Para Games were held in Malaysia in 2013. The event is being organised in conjunction with the Dubai Club for the Disabled whose sports facilities will also host the events. The club is well known in the region and the facilities have been used for various para-sport events including IPC Para-Athletics championships and most recently the Fazza International Para-Archery Championship. An estimated 600 athletes under 20 years of age are expected to compete in 10 sports; Athletics, Swimming, Boccia, Goalball, Archery, Chess, Badminton, 10-pin bowling, Powerlifting and Table Tennis. APC President Majid Rashed commented: Today’s announcement is another demonstration of our commitment to building the Paralympic movement in Asia. It’s vital that we provide opportunities for young athletes to compete in a multi-sport environment and this will hopefully inspire them to continue on their sporting journey which may lead ultimately to the Paralympic Games.

On 12/02/15 18:41, Roy Arends wrote: > Ah indeed. it seems that openssl avoids primes that are congruent to 1 modulo 3, > so that will cause the available solution space to be reduced to 4*16*256 == 16384 To elaborate a bit on this, another colleague, Jean-René Reinhard, found the last missing bit of explanation: OpenSSL generates only RSA primes, i.e. primes of the form p=2p'+1 where p' is also prime. (Such primes give a high assurance against factoring through methods of type (p-1)). This implies in particular that p cannot be ≡ 1 (mod 3), or more generally (mod l) for any other prime l. Running the probabilities on this, I obtain the following distribution of probabilities for the modulus N = p.q: N ≡ 1 (mod l) with probability 1/(l-2) N ≡ other (mod l) with probability (l-3)/(l-2)^2 (for each "other"). Proof is left as an exercise :-), but numerical application follows: N ≡ 1 (mod 3) with probability 1 N ≡ 1 (mod 5) with probability 1/3 ≈ 33% ≡ other (mod 5) with probability 2/9 ≈ 22% N ≡ 1 (mod 17) with probability 1/15 ≈ 6.7% ≡ other (mod 17) with probability 14/225 ≈ 6.2% I plotted the empirical distribution of these for the moduli values that Florian sent me, and I am happy to announce that the empirical distribution seems to match these expected values quite well. -- Jérôme Plût

Saturday, 24 May 2014 21:31 The Making of a Scene In less than 10 years, the burgeoning metal and hardcore scene in Vietnam has done what most underground scenes take decades to do. But with the kind of dedicated audience that managed to pool VND60 million in a crowd-funding effort to bring hardcore band The Ghost Inside to Saigon last May, it’s clear that the scene here is different than most. Tuesday, 06 August 2013 07:54 Loud, Angry and Unrestrained European metal band Lacuna Coil played Ho Chi Minh City at the end of July to an audience of 5,000. So is metal the musical future of Vietnam? Words by Karen Hewell, photos by Francis Xavier

Living, with your family, especially with your kids, nearby an industrial area does more harm than good. But you can’t help as it is the demand of your job. Doing so has a direct, adverse and hostile relation with the health of your loving kids. See, the amount of deadly smoke, exhaled by the monstrous chimneys, they inhale in a single day! Of course, there is no way to stop those ‘dirty’ stuffs billowing up high in the sky and spreading all over and around your home and your growing children. Definitely, you can do something, in the home, to curb the menace of smoke and give them some air to inhale, free from all types of hazards. Funnily, this household appliance is something which eats up all the smoke, so far being sucked by your children only. Lets see how to have a right pick. Hail The HEPA Filters: HEPA filter stands for ‘High-Efficiency Particulate Air’ filter. So smoke air purifier, carrying such filters, is found to be the most efficient one when it comes to compare its ability of smoke-eating with other household appliances of the same breed. They can remove dust and smoke particles of the size of as minute as 0.3 microns. These particles prove a big deterrent in the normal growth of your children. The smoke invading your home sticks to everything inside your home giving them an intense smell. Such smell makes your little family members feel dizzy and spark different types of allergies too. So buy only that one which comes with carbon pre-filter. However, buying a whole house smoke air purifier with ionizer is never good for your children. It exhales deadly ozone gas. Don’t Allow It To Spread: The smoke is a menace, so it is better to check its spread much before it becomes fatal to whole of your house. So while buying your pick, see how powerful its fan is. A powerful fan, in your potential household appliance, attracts the smoke the moment it creeps into your home and much before it spreads to harm your children. Experts suggest to buy a smoke air purifier meant to be installed in bigger rooms, even if your room is a smaller one. Show It Doors: Avoid embracing its literal meaning! Actually, to get the maximum benefits from your stuff, you are supposed to install it at those places where the smoke comes in from. They can enter through your doors and windows. Thus place them nearby the doors or windows. The smoke will be caught there only, red handed! Smoke Air Purifiers - Securing a Smoke-Free Healthy Life to Your Kids have 716 words, post on ezinearticles.com at April 24, 2009. This is cached page on Movie News. If you want remove this page, please contact us.

Canadian medical schools struggle to recruit Aboriginal students The featured image for this story is reproduced with permission from the Health Council of Canada. Illustrator: Leah Fontaine Canada’s First Nations, Inuit and Métis peoples have, on average, much poorer health than other Canadians. Chronic diseases like diabetes are significantly more common among Aboriginal peoples, and they have a substantially shorter life expectancy than the general population. Mental illness is also alarmingly common in Aboriginal communities, where suicide rates are often five to six times the national average. Suicide rates among Inuit youth are among the highest in the world: 11 times the national average. There are many factors that contribute to these differences in health, which are rooted in Canada’s history of colonization. In addition to the health challenges all Canadians face, Aboriginal peoples are more likely to live in crowded homes, are more likely to smoke, and less likely to have stable access to an appropriate diet, all of which contribute to poorer health. In addition, survivors of Canada’s residential school system frequently suffer from trauma inflicted by residential schools. In addition to loss of culture, language and parenting skills, survivors and their families frequently suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder, and unresolved trauma can lead to further mental illness and re-victimization of new generations. Beyond these social contributors, Aboriginal peoples also tend to have less access to health care services than other Canadians. This is particularly true in northern Aboriginal communities, many of which have very limited access to doctors and other health care providers. Even when Aboriginal peoples do have access to health services, they often face discrimination and a lack of culturally appropriate care. For these reasons, the recruitment of more Aboriginal doctors has become a priority for many of Canada’s medical schools. The need for more Aboriginal doctors Canada’s medical schools have recognized that they must become more proactive in recruiting Aboriginal doctors and training non-Aboriginal doctors to be culturally competent and safe, says Nick Busing, President of the Association of Faculties of Medicine in Canada. “Medical schools must be socially accountable to Canadians,” he says, “and an important part of this is making sure that the doctors we train will meet society’s needs.” Aboriginal doctors are often best equipped to provide culturally competent and safe care to other Aboriginal people, according to Darlene Kitty, President of the Indigenous Physicians Association of Canada. “Aboriginal doctors already know the culture and the history… they’re already sensitive to the issues in their community,” she says. “Many people in our communities have trauma,” she continues, “and other Aboriginal people often understand that trauma a lot better than non-Aboriginal people.” Aboriginal students also contribute to the cultural diversity of medical schools, and this diversity helps all medical students, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal, become more culturally competent and culturally safe, says Kitty. This is echoed in Canada’s accreditation standards for medical schools, which stress that doctors will be best prepared to deliver health care to a diverse population if they are educated in a diverse environment where they are exposed to other cultures. Evidence also indicates that one of the best predictors for where future doctors will practice medicine is where they went to high school. “If all of our medical students are from the big cities, then that’s where all our doctors will want to practice,” says Busing. The expectation is that if medical schools can recruit medical trainees from underserved Aboriginal communities, then there is a good chance that some of them will return to their communities once they have completed their training. But the need for more Aboriginal doctors goes beyond just the needs of rural and remote communities. More than half of Canada’s 1.3 million Aboriginal people live in urban areas, and they too can benefit from more culturally competent doctors. Challenges in recruiting Aboriginal medical students Recruiting more Aboriginal medical students, however, is not easy. In addition to the substantial challenges all applicants to medical school face, Aboriginal applicants often face additional barriers, some of which can continue throughout medical school and residency. The pool of potential Aboriginal applicants to medical schools is small, since less than 4% of Canada’s population is Aboriginal. However, the biggest factor restricting the number of potential applications is the much lower rates of post-secondary education (a pre-requisite for medical school) among Aboriginal people. Only 12% of Aboriginal Canadians complete a post-secondary degree, compared to 33% of non-Aboriginal Canadians. The rate is even lower (5%) for Aboriginal youth living on reserves. These lower rates of post-secondary education are rooted in many of the same social determinants and multi-generational trauma that contribute to the poor health of many Aboriginal peoples. In addition, funding for schools on reserves is rarely comparable to that provided to other Canadian schools. Even for Aboriginal applicants who obtain post-secondary education, medical school admission remains a challenge due to academic requirements and/or cost. The cost of medical school has increased steadily in recent decades, and medical students are graduating with record levels of debt, factors that have likely contributed to the disproportionately low enrollment of students of lower socioeconomic status in Canada’s medical schools. Since Aboriginal Canadians are more likely than other Canadians to be of lower socioeconomic status, the sheer cost of medical school is likely a deterrent for many potential Aboriginal applicants. Furthermore, the location of the vast majority of medical schools means many Aboriginal students must leave their community for new settings for at least the length of medical school and their post-graduate training. “Culture shock” for many Aboriginal medical students For those Aboriginal applicants who are accepted to medical school, the challenges often continue. “I experienced huge culture shock when I got to medical school,” says Doris Mitchell, a graduate of the Northern Ontario Medical School who practices in Chapleau, Ontario. “Age can be a big thing,” says Mitchell, who worked as a nurse for 15 years before going to medical school. “Many of us [Aboriginal medical students] were coming in as adult learners. We had families already, and there are challenges with caring for them while at school.” The difference in age compared with most medical students can create a sense of isolation from the rest of the class, she says, “it can make you feel very different.” This sense of difference was amplified by the competitive culture of medical school. “Coming from an Aboriginal nursing background, I was used to an environment that was very nurturing, very non-judgmental, very non-competitive,” she says. “You learn to be very comfortable talking about your struggles, what you need to work on to become a stronger person or a better caregiver. Medical school was very different. It was a very competitive environment… people keep their cards close to their chest… they don’t want to reveal themselves; what they see as weaknesses. I found this very difficult. My colleagues didn’t understand. When asked to self-evaluate, my colleagues thought I was putting myself down. I think my ability to talk about myself is a huge strength, it lets me improve as a doctor and as a person, but my colleagues didn’t see it that way. I found this very difficult.” “Isolation is a big thing,” says James Andrew, Aboriginal Student Initiatives Coordinator at the University of British Columbia. “For students coming from really small communities where they’ve known everyone for their whole lives, it’s really hard on them to come to university where they know no one. It’s a big shock to the system.” Progress is slow, but real “Medical schools are doing a lot more now to recruit Aboriginal students,” says Kitty. When she went to medical school at the University of Ottawa from 1998 to 2002, she was the only Aboriginal student for those four years. Since she finished in 2002, she says, the University of Ottawa has admitted 40 Aboriginal students to the program. The University of Alberta was the first school in Canada to make recruiting Aboriginal medical students a priority, by setting aside seats specifically for Aboriginal applicants. Aboriginal applicants must still meet the rigorous academic requirements as all other medical students, so not all of these seats are filled every year. Canada’s other medical schools have followed suit, with nearly all now setting aside a small number of seats for Aboriginal students, says Kitty. While the University of Calgary does not reserve seats for Aboriginal students, in 2010 it began to evaluate MCAT scores from Aboriginal applicants against historic data on Aboriginal applicants’ scores, rather than against the general applicant pool. Since then it has nearly doubled the Aboriginal students it accepts each year. The University of British Columbia (UBC) now reserves 14 seats for Aboriginal applicants. But Andrew stresses that filling those seats (this year UBC filled only 5 seats from 23 applications) takes a lot more than “just putting up a welcoming banner.” In order to encourage Aboriginal youth to consider applying to medical school, UBC has run an outreach program for the last 10 years aimed at undergraduate and high school students. “We do workshops about the admissions process: how to fill out your application, how to prepare for the MCAT, and mock interviews… We also connect them with some of our current Aboriginal medical students who mentor them during the program, which is a big help to them.” The University of Alberta runs a similar program called Health Horizon Days in collaboration with Alberta’s First Nations under treaties 6, 7 and 8, where selected students go to Edmonton for two days to visit the campus and take part in hands-on workshops on medical science, medicine & dentistry. Many outreach programs like these are supported through Health Canada’s Aboriginal Health Human Resources Initiative, which was launched in 2004 to improve the recruitment and retention of Aboriginal health care workers across the country. Medical schools have also begun to do more to provide financial support for Aboriginal medical students. Students at the Northern Ontario School of Medicine (NOSM) can access special grants and bursaries to help with the financial burden of medical school says Lisa Graves, Associate Dean of Undergraduate Medical Education at NOSM. Aboriginal health slowly becoming part of the curriculum In order to facilitate greater uptake of Aboriginal health in medical school curricula, the Indigenous Physicians Association of Canada (IPAC) partnered with the Association of Faculties of Medicine of Canada (AFMC) to develop a curriculum framework and implementation toolkit for core competencies in Aboriginal health for undergraduate medical education. Schools like UBC have significantly increased the amount of the curriculum devoted to Aboriginal health. “When I started, Aboriginal health was a single hour and a half lecture,” says Andrew, “now it’s much more integrated; there’s a lot more.” In addition to more focus on Aboriginal health in the classroom, NOSM has an Aboriginal elder on each campus, says Graves. Any student, faculty or staff can go talk to the elders to get their perspective or advice, but it’s especially helpful I think for our Aboriginal students to have them there,” she says. NOSM has also adopted an unusual orientation. Rather than go through orientation at one of the campuses in Thunder Bay or Sudbury, NOSM tours its students through Northern Ontario, to introduce them to the kinds of communities that they are being trained to serve in. This past year, students stayed in the Aboriginal community of Obishikokaang and heard from community members about their challenges, including experiences in residential schools and living in a community that does not have safe drinking water. “This had a profound effect on all our students,” says Graves, “and we heard from our Aboriginal students that it made them feel welcomed by the medical school.” “We could be doing more” While Kitty is pleased with the progress many of Canada’s medical schools have made in both recruiting and retaining Aboriginal medical students, she says “we could be doing more.” Busing also believes more could be done to bring Aboriginal health into medical education. While he is proud of the Aboriginal curriculum framework developed by IPAC and AFMC, he notes that not all of Canada’s medical schools have embraced this framework equally. “There’s no doubt that medical faculties, to one degree or another, teach to the test,” he says. He believes that if cultural competency and safety start to appear on the licensing exams for physicians, Canadian medical schools would quickly make it a larger focus. Mitchell agrees, but is clear that unless the social barriers for Aboriginal students are addressed, reserved seats at medical schools and curriculum changes can only do so much. “There are so many challenges Aboriginal people face today,” she says, “whether it’s isolation, substandard education, poor preparation, lack of role modeling… unless you’re willing to talk about and tackle these issues, things aren’t going to get better.”

Could Thin-Film Solar Cells Cover Whole Buildings? Using solar energy to power our day-to-day lives just got a whole lot easier—and a lot less noticeable. According to Norwegian company EnSol AS, as well as Professor Chris Binns of Leicester University, new technology in the form of a transparent thin-film solar coating for windows and buildings might be hitting the market within the next five years. The idea behind concept is to implement solar cells into the manufacturing process of windows and other building materials. Windows would only be given a slight tint, and the thin-film would be virtually invisible once added to buildings themselves. Binns believes that the same technology could be applied to car windows to help charge vehicle batteries. This cutting-edge material is made up of metal nanoparticles embedded in a transparent composite matrix. Though EnSol has prototypes currently available, they plan to continue working on the product until they get the cell efficiency up to 20% or greater. What’s the best part of this breakthrough? Since the film can be coated onto large areas, it will cost significantly less than other solar technologies. This idea could potentially transform the way we harness solar power. Interested in Home Solar Energy? Limited Time Offers from Our Partners Remodeling tweets and photos posted daily. Join Us on Twitter

You need to be born with the Kekkei Genkai already in your blood and genes. Just because you can use multiple elements does not mean you can just mix and mash them into a Kekkei Genkai. It's kind of like being born with the blue prints and instructions on how to unlock it and it only exists in your genes. We have seen multiple ninjas that can use many different elements but does not have the ability to create special elements. Pretty much any above average ninja should be able to grasp at least 2 elemental styles but we have only seen a few Kekkei Genkai's and the ninja world still seems impressed by them which shows how special they are and can not just be made physically.

Memoria of the Bexar Seven Signers above according to Vicente Filisola in Memoirs for the History of the War in Texas. Photo: From With the Makers of San Antonio by Chabot Although the Bexar Ayuntamiento expressed disapproval of the Consultations of 1832 and subsequently 1833 and the citizens of Bexar did not actively participate, on 6 Dec 1832 the Bexar ayuntamiento appointed a committee to draw up a document outlining the colonists complaints. On 19 Dec at a meeting of 49 Bexarenos, a petition was endorsed and signed by the seven Bexar residents above which was circulated to the Texas ayuntamientos and in all or part eventually addressed to the legislature of the State of Coahuila and Texas. The petition was called the Representacion dirijida por el ilustre ayuntamiento e la Cuidad de Bexar and was more widely endorsed in Nacogdoches on 26 Jan 1834. Historic governmental neglect. The town of Bexar (San Antonio) had been established a hundred and forty years, or in the year 1693; La Bahia del Espiritu Santo (Goliad) and Nacogdoches, a hundred and sixteen years or since 1717; and during, all this long interval the presidios of San Saba, Juan, San Marcos, Trinidad, and other military settlements on the rivers Brazos, Colorado and Guadalupe had been formed, and had again entirely disappeared, and in some of them every soul had perished in consequence of the utter neglect of the government, after inducing the people to settle there. The memorialists gave a mournful account of the privations and sufferings of Bexar, Goliad and Nacogdoches, owing to that neglect. During a period of more than a century since they had been founded for the purpose of extending Christianity and civilization through the vast wilderness, many of the first settlers had been sacrificed in defense of their homes by the barbarous Indians, while many more had perished by famine. Since 1821 ninety-seven of the citizens had been murdered by savages in the municipalities of Bexar and La Bahia (Goliad) and the then new town of Gonzales, exclusive of the military, had fallen in expeditions against the Indians. Farther to the west the settlements had suffered still more, and at that time they were all threatened, by the powerful tribe of Comanches, with total extermination. This tribe had taken advantage of the civil strife going on between Bustamente and Santa Anna, in which all the national troops were engaged. Even the few scattered troops then in Texas had not received the twentieth part of their pay, and nearly all had to be disbanded to seek subsistence as well as they could. Only seventy men were at that time retained under arms in all Texas, and these were supported by the voluntary contributions of the poor citizens of San Antonio, to give them some defense against the Indians. Impact of inhibition of colonization. The memorialists complain that the first State law of colonization had retarded the progress of improvements in Texas. They complain of the twenty-sixth article of that law, allowing six years in which to settle the land granted; and of the twenty-seventh article, requiring, the land to be cultivated in totality before it could be sold. They complain of the exorbitant prices fixed for government lands, namely, from $100.00 to $300.00 per league of 4,428 acres, while elsewhere the price was only $15.00 to $20.00 per league. They also complain of the law prohibiting the immigration of North Americans to Texas. This absurd law could not be enforced for want of troops, and its only effect had been to prevent the immigration of the wealthier and better classes of Americans, while those who had nothing to lose were not deterred by it from coming. Value of North American settlers. The great value to the State of North American settlers is enlarged upon, and the repeal of the prohibitory law is urged. The settlers would give protection against the Indians, and would add greatly to the wealth and revenues of the State. Distance from Saltillo and lack of local judiciary. These ruinous defects in the laws would be corrected at once were Texas permitted to have a State government of her own, where the wants of the people could be fully known to those who make the laws. The distance to the then seat of government (Saltillo) was 350 leagues from Nacogdoches, or near 1,000 miles, and 200 leagues from San Antonio. The assessor or judicial councilor of the State, a most important officer, could only be consulted by going that hazardous and laborious journey; and yet most of the people often had occasion to consult that officer. Lack of representation and military rule. The tyrannical proceedings of Col. Juan Davis Bradburn at Anahuac are complained of, and also the outrage upon the people of Texas by the expulsion of their deputies from the legislature, in 1830, under the fourth article of the plan of Jalapa, and that too without giving them any trial. The want of a law for establishing primary schools is considered a serious grievance. There was then but one school in Bexar, the teacher of which received $25.00 per month and was paid by the pupils. They complain of the law prohibiting all who were not born on Mexican territory from retailing merchandise of any kind of foreign production. The memorialists say that Texas was allowed but two delegates to the legislature, while she was entitled to four, in consequence of increase of population since the last apportionment. The Ayuntamiento of Austin's colony complain that Col. Juan Davis Bradburn, commandant at Anahuac, had arrested and imprisoned Don Jose Francisco Modero and Jose M. Carbajal, the former the commissioner appointed to survey the concessions of land granted to the colonists in the district of Nacogdoches and put them in possession and the latter his surveyor. This was done by order of Gen. Teran, January 2, 1831. Another military order is complained of, issued by the commandant general, by which the Ayuntamiento of Liberty was annulled December 10, 1831, both orders being in direct. It is also stated that the same commandant general had taken possession of private lands and appropriated them, in disregard of the laws of the State and the rights of property. It is further alleged that when the Alcalde of Liberty Hugh B. Johnson, in obedience to the laws of the State ordered an election for members of a new ayuntamiento (the old members having been deprived by Teran of authority to act), Col. Bradburn threatened Johnson with military force if he proceeded with the election, and thus the people were subjected to military rule. Arbitrary arrests and reason for Anahuac. Another charge made against Bradburn is that he had, at various times, arrested peaceable citizens, for no other cause than the expression of their opinions against his violent and arbitrary acts. In May, 1832, he imprisoned seven respectable citizens, namely, Patrick C. Jack, William B. Travis, Monroe Edwards and others, and attempted to arrest George M. Patrick, first regidor. The State government was powerless to afford any remedy against these acts of tyranny. After exhausting every means to procure relief peaceably, the people finally took up arms and marched to Anahuac to release the prisoners illegally confined by Bradburn, and to re-establish the Ayuntamiento at Liberty. This was accordingly done. The citizens thus assembled encamped at Turtle Bayou, and formally pronounced in favor of the plan of Vera Cruz, in behalf of the constitution of 1824, and against the usurpation of Bustamente. This was done June the 13th, 1832. The same course was pursued by the citizens of the municipality of Brazoria and the precinct of Victoria, and, indeed, by the people generally; but as Col. Ugartechea, who commanded Fort Velasco, refused to support the plan of Vera Cruz, and continued to adhere to Bustamente, the people had no other recourse than to consider him an enemy, and they accordingly collected together under command of Capt. John Austin, and attacked and captured the fort, the whole garrison capitulating, not, say the memorialists, to rebels, but the national forces of Santa Anna. Adherance to principles of the Constitution of 1824. The memorialists then proceeded to lay down the principles by which the people of Texas are governed, and which, they think, justify the course they had pursued, and they conclude with solemn pledges to each other and to the people that they will continue to maintain their rights under the constitution of 1824. Ayuntamiento of Nacogdoches. The declaration sets out by saying that they "had been overawed by the military commander, Col. Jose do las Piedras, until longer forbearance would have become a crime, by exposing to his unconstitutional wishes the lives, interests and peace of our fellow citizens." He had demanded that the militia should be placed under his command. He had called in and employed Indians in his meditated warfare upon their rights. He had insulted them (the Ayuntamiento) by saying he held Americans and Indians in the same estimation, and as standing on the same footing as colonists. The declaration concludes with an appeal to the people to rally in defense of their rights, and pledges the Ayuntamiento to stand by them. Declaration of the Ayuntamiento of Liberty. The Liberty ayuntamiento justified their resistance to the tyranny of Bradburn on the following grounds: 1st. His stationing among the people numerous garrisons composed of the vilest military convicts, who were guilty of habitual Pilfering, robberies and depredations. 2nd. His arrest of Madero, the legally constituted commissioner, to put the Colonists into possession of their lands. 3rd. His wanton seizure and appropriation to his own use of the private property of the citizens. 4th. The arrest and imprisonment by trial, and solely for the gratification of his animosities. The abrogation of the town of Liberty, and the dissolution of the Ayuntamiento by military edict, and the establishment of the town of Anahuac, subject to his own control. 6th. The verbal condemnation, by the same commandant, of the citizens to labor at the public works, and the infliction of this infamous sentence in divers instances. 7th. the incarceration of citizens merely for words spoken, said to have been disrespectful to himself. 8th. His interference in the civil government, forbidding the holding of legal elections under pains and penalties, and ordering elections on his own authority. Austin Letter concerning the Bexar Remonstrance. The following letter contains Stephen F. Austin's remarks on the development of the Bexar Remonstrance, which he may have had a large hand in composing, and its importance to the unity of Texas in 1832: AUSTIN TO SAMUEL M. WILLIAMS Summary of the Bexar Remonstrance from Memoirs for the History of the Wars in Texas by General Vicente Filisola (Second in Command to Santa Anna). Summary of Circular Letter from the Council of Bexar to the city councils of the Department, Bexar, December 21, 1832, pp. 261-281: A commission of two members from the group and four from outside has drawn up a petition to the state legislature. This had been approved by the council and citizens' meeting, and copies are to be circulated to all the city councils of the Department so that if they approve they may so advise the legislature. Petition sent to the city council of Austin, December 21, 1832: Since Bexar five other towns have been founded plus three additional military establishments in over a century. Only three remain, and this is because of savages, hunger and pestilence. Neglect by those who govern are in large part responsible. Since 1821, ninety seven men have been killed by Indians in addition to those killed in campaign. Other places have suffered even more. With civil war there has been little help, and in Texas there are only seventy men under arms, and they must support themselves. There is much evidence to support these statements, and there are several other annoyances since Texas has been a part of the State of Coahuila and Texas. Settlers have six years to cultivate and occupy allotted lands, but cannot dispose of them until they are in total cultivation. If they were granted in any other legal manner, they could sell or transfer by other means. There is no single inducement to provide settlement of Mexicans. A parcel of land is set at 300 pesos in Texas and 15 in Coahuila; because of resistance to emigration to Texas from fear of living there with limited capital there would be few who could pay. Also one fourth of the amount is demanded immediately. The law prohibits the immigration of North Americans, but there are no troops to watch over it. Honorable men with capital and industry are stopped because of the law, but adventurers and felons have come in any way. Likewise, many Indians expelled from the U.S. have crossed the Sabine with no one to stop them. It is difficult to dislodge them or to bring them under our laws. Those who came before this law have within seven or eight years been provided with a comfortable living. We regret to say that blankets, hats and even shoes have been begged from the interior, but with the North American colonists these resources have been provided. Also they furnish the best means of controlling the Indians. This can only be accomplished by bringing in enthusiastic men who are skilled in dealing with Indians. These advantages are not possessed by any other of the European nations who wish to colonize. The opening of direct roads from Texas ports to New Mexico and even Chihuahua would bring enormous benefit. It would give direct communication from all northern Mexico to the state of Missouri in the U.S. They could also easily achieve a prosperous good fortune with the fertile lands, pleasant climate, abundant game and beautiful pelts and fishing. There is no question but that the lack of a concerned government with the necessary measures has been and will continue to be the source of our sufferings. During two legislatures in four years nothing has been done to give Texas some separate government. It must be noted that this lack of action is due to sectionalism in the capital against all the towns they characterize as "frontier." This municipality speaks for a free people that resents the endless vexations. It asks for a part in reworking the laws since the most informed persons cannot have more knowledge than the people of Texas because of their topographical knowledge and eight years or more of practice. The complete implementation should be delayed for from four to six months for the careful examination by the city councils. The pact between Coahuila and Texas should never have been made. There is not, nor has there ever been, a government in Texas. Educated men of the frontier lack even books for study. Nacogdoches is 350 leagues from the capital, and the nearest adviser is 200 leagues distant. There are often involuntary delays. The tasks of the alcalde are very onerous, and those who can, refuse them. Those selected are of mediocre quality. There should be judges of record and public notaries and also interpreters for Spanish, and English criminal trials and civil ones where possible should be decided by juries. The commanding general of these States stopped the functioning of the commission given to Francisco Madero by the supreme government in order to gain control of the people between the San Jacinto and the Trinity Rivers. He even passed sentence on Madero in Anahuac. The Anahuac commander Colonel Davis Bradburn had caused the formation of another council in Anahuac itself. After an exchange of communications with the minister of relations the Texas representatives were expelled from the assembly without cause against the will of all the towns of the Department and almost all the others of the State. The constitution was violated, and the towns of Texas were insulted. The failure to appoint an inspector for the civilian militia of the State is impossible to assess. Whenever these men leave their homes they should receive a decent wage, but this has not been so. The State has provided no funds for school construction but has only passed laws. The councils are expected to pay out of the school allowance. The people of B6xar have had to provide the miserly sum of twenty-five pesos for a primary teacher. This is what is supposed to provide a foundation for the best civil and moral virtues. The prohibition of retail trade to non-native Mexicans was not made for Coahuila-Texans by adoption. According to the latest statistics on population Texas should have four representatives. These towns have never been able to achieve anything with only two deputies. Texas was granted the right to divide itself into two districts, but the legislature near its close has not deigned to resolve this matter. Also Texas was given seven years of exemption from duties, but with all the delays only a few months remained for those to be in force. Foreign merchants and some Mexicans have discontinued trade to Texas, and this has meant a loss in population and resources. The new settlements of Anihuac and others have been lost to the federation; not one Mexican has remained. Delays granted to Powers and Hewitson have not been able to bring in a single family. The legislature alone is responsible for this delay, and this should be remedied. This petition deserves attention and foresight. The following articles sum up this point of General Vicente Filisola's Comments on the Bexar Remonstrance and State of Texas in 1832 (Memoirs for the History of the Wars in Texas by General Vicente Filisola (Second in Command to Santa Anna). The foregoing events have indeed proven, and in a very bitter manner, how ill thought out and absurd were the reasons that were alleged in the above petition by the Bexar council, how unfounded and tactless were the provisions that were requested, and how malicious and evil were the objectives that they disguised. An attempt was also made to lead the congress in this direction because of a fatal error into which the councilmen had been led by cunning men who had treacherously taken advantage of their good faith and lack of experience. They had no other purpose than to implicate them in their cause through the infamous trick of finding themselves delinquent, or at least suspicious in the eyes of the higher authorities of the State and even of the nation, and dragging the others down through the same necessity of escaping punishment. This leads them later little by little into the pain of rebellion as happened afterwards, with the notable circumstances that they were some of the first victims, as must generally happen, and the lesson of which should never be forgotten in similar cases. But since those of Texas had never had occasion to learn it, and day by day the maneuvers of the plotters were more calculated and more venturesome, opinion generalized in their favor among many of the natives of the country and among the honorable and industrious colonies that were among the rest, and particularly in the districts of Nacogdoches, Liberty, Gonzalez, Goliad and Bexar. If indeed they did desire that the territory be organized as an independent State, they wished to bring it about by the rules laid down by the Constitution, and in no way by means of a revolution, just as there did not enter into their innocent aspirations that of separating from the nation, whose protection and support they wanted because it was beneficial, more advantageous and absolutely necessary. his same declaration, or another in its place, was also sent to the general congress, asking that the territory of Texas be organized into a State in the federation since it had the eighty thousand inhabitants required by the constitution, since its interests were in absolute opposition to those of the State of Coahuila, and were ill provided for because of the large number of Coahuilans of which it was made up; because Texas itself needed to provide for its necessary and urgent defense against the savages who were constantly attacking them, and they demanded for their better well being to have their own energetic government. But the general congress, seeing through the true aims of this petition, and finding it devoid of foundation and false in the data that were cited in it, disallowed it to the despair of their authors and of Don Stephen Austin, who for the purpose of supporting it had been back in the capital from the end of 1832 to the beginning of 1833. Thus it was that from that time on those settlements remained in a state of absolute independence, although those in charge pretended a respect and loyalty that they never felt toward the central government. This ridiculous fiction must have been all the more insulting and criminal in that they did not again permit the stationing there, much less the existence, of any public office. Rather they destroyed and burned those that there were and the forts and quarters, stealing at the same time all the materials that belonged to the nation and to its troops. They carried their insolent boldness to such an extent that they beat and tarred and feathered officers of the army, treasury employees, and some private citizens, as well as any Mexicans that had the misfortune to remain among them, either because of their interests, illness or other similar reasons. In addition to harming them in every way possible, they treated them with grossly insulting scorn as if they were dealing with their slaves. They did not govern themselves otherwise than by the laws of the United States of North America or those of their own fancy. To perpetuate these and to exercise them to the fullest, they tried to attract there all the adventurers that came their way and to provide themselves with arms and ammunition in order to be prepared to commit all kinds of aggression against the country and to continue their smuggling in the most open and insolent manner. With their own people they infiltrated all the departments of the frontier and of the interior of the Republic, even to the extreme of the barbarians' taking part in the traffic of Negro slaves, in spite of the fact that this was prohibited by the general congress and disapproved of by the generous and compassionate nature of the whole Mexican nation. Such for the Texans was the period that came to an end with year 1832.

Part 1. Definition A text is given in Bengali. Translate it from the Bengali language to the Gujarati language. The translation must not omit or add information to the original sentence. Part 2. Example આપણને જે બહુમૂલ્ય લોકતંત્ર મળ્યું છે તેને આપણે બહુ જ સરળતાથી granted માની લઈએ છીએ પરંતુ, આપણે સ્વયં એ યાદ અપાવતા રહેવું જોઈએ કે આપણું લોકતંત્ર બહુ જ મહાન છે અને આ લોકતંત્રને આપણી નસેનસમાં જગ્યા મળી છે – સદીઓની સાધનાથી, પેઢી દર પેઢીના સંસ્કારોથી, એક વિશાળ વ્યાપક મનની અવસ્થાથી Answer: আমরা বিশ্বাস করি যে আমরা একটি খুব সহজে মঞ্জুর পেয়েছি, কিন্তু আমাদের নিজেকে স্মরণ করিয়ে দিতে হবে যে, আমাদের গণতন্ত্র খুব বড় এবং এই গণতন্ত্র আমাদের নাসেনের মধ্যে একটি স্থান পেয়েছে - প্রজন্মের প্রজন্মের প্রজন্ম থেকে, একটি বিশাল ব্যাপক মন থেকে Explanation: Correct translation for given sentence. Input sentence means 'We believe that we have received a very easily granted, but we should remind yourself that our democracy is very great and this democracy has got a place in our nassen - from the centuries, from the generation of generation, a hugeComprehensive mind' which is the same as the output sentence. Part 3. Exercise જે આ અધિનિયમના કાર્યક્ષેત્ર અને હદમાં આવનારા લોક સેવકો વિરુદ્ધ ભ્રષ્ટાચારના આરોપોની તપાસ અને વિવેચન કરશે. Answer: শ্রী খারে আরও বলেন, বিদেশি চলচ্চিত্রকাররা যাতে এ দেশে শ্যুটিং করতে আরও আগ্রহী হন তার জন্য সরকার নতুন নতুন পন্থা খুঁজে দেখছে।

Police found Atchley's burned out car on May 3, 1992, the morning after the party. Inside, they made a gruesome discovery. So, family and friends have turned to GoFundMe in an attempt to raise reward money to help catch the killer or killers in Atchley's case. "Let's all band together and demand Justice for Natasha!" Darla Redwine wrote on the page. Thus far, they've collected $785 of the $8,000 sought for a reward.

Well, yesterday was a full busy day to me for handling all the events I needed to be on. I arrived from New York at 7.30am local time. The fact is, was worthy to go to the Lisbon Design Show and watch the Africa Fashion Day Runway. So what I have to show you is a selection of "The best of the night". Ontem foi um dia super corrido pra mim, mas consegui estar presente neste evento e valeu mesmo a pena. Cheguei muito cedo de Nova Iorque mas lá consegui estar com tudo a postos para aproveitar o LDS.

<issue_start><issue_comment>Title: jekyll serve causes ERROR `/' not found username_0: I cloned this repo and ran `jekyll serve`, but I got `ERROR '/' not found.` message.  Also, I got deprecation error message. ``` Deprecation: You appear to have pagination turned on, but you haven't included the `jekyll-paginate` gem. Ensure you have `gems: [jekyll-paginate]` in your configuration file. ``` I am on Jekyll v3.3.1. The reason for this is that `_config.yml` sets `baseurl: '/Alpha-Jekyll-Theme'`. However, it should be `baseurl: ''`. The fix would be to update `_config.yml` to the following: ``` name: Alpha description: Alpha template for Jekyll baseurl: '' url: "http://localhost:4000" paginate: 10 gems: - jekyll-paginate ``` I'll submit a pull request<issue_closed>

Scientists at the University of Washington are using Mira to virtually design unique, artificial peptides, or short proteins. Peptides have the best properties of two different classes of medical drugs today and could enable future, peptide-based medicines with few side effects. As researchers begin to develop new peptides, they are optimizing their in-house software to test thousands of potential peptide structure designs in tandem, requiring a state-of-the-art supercomputer. When diseases like cancer and AIDS affect millions of people each year and rare but deadly infections like Ebola move faster than treatment, the race to make effective drugs becomes a sprint. That's why University of Washington (UW) researchers are using one of the nation's most powerful supercomputers, the 10-petaflop/s Mira at the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility (ALCF), to improve their software for designing protein structures to likewise virtually design and test mini-proteins called peptides. The ALCF is a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility. Peptides are made up of chains of amino acids — the 20 basic organic compounds found in proteins — but they are about one-tenth the size of proteins. Peptides can bind to targets on a cell (usually receptors or enzymes that are themselves proteins) and so regulate cellular functions such as nutrient uptake or communication between cells. A peptide's structure, including how the branches of its amino acids fold into three-dimensional conformations, determines which targets it can "fit" or bind to. By computationally simulating and testing peptides in large numbers, the UW Baker Laboratory, led by principal investigator David Baker, envisions designing peptides that have unique structures not found in nature. These "designer" peptides could one day make up a new class of therapeutic drugs that is more effective and results in fewer side effects. They could also have widespread applications in technologies and materials that rely on organic compounds, such as self-assembling or super-strong materials. A good fit Many drugs today are "small-molecule" drugs in which molecules of active ingredients easily dissolve and diffuse because they are small enough to cross key membranes in the body. "Most drugs are administered systemically (through the circulatory system), even if they need to go to only one place in the body, which means they have to be administered in higher doses," said Vikram Mulligan, UW senior fellow and co-principal investigator. "When small molecules are administered, they can stick to many different proteins in the body because their size enables them to interact with many targets, not just the intended target, causing more side effects." Mulligan cited chemotherapy as a good example of this effect: "When you're on chemo, you're quite sick because the drug is affecting your whole body, not just the cancer." For more than 20 years, the Baker Laboratory has developed computational modeling tools for protein design, which is needed for making targeted protein therapies that reduce side effects. Using the Baker Laboratory's flagship protein structure and sequencing software, Rosetta, researchers can predict protein structure from amino acid sequences and design new amino acid sequences to yield a desired function. However, while small-molecule drugs can cause unwanted side effects because they are easily absorbed in the body, protein drugs can have the opposite problem: they can be too big. "The advantage of the protein is that it has great efficacy and is likely to produce the desired result," Mulligan said, "The disadvantage is that proteins are large. They're hard to get into the body, and they have difficulty crossing membranes in the body. On top of that, we have an immune system that is good at recognizing foreign proteins and eliminating them." Peptides strike a promising compromise, but in order to make these short "floppy" chains of amino acids into distinct rigid shapes that can be customized for specific targets, researchers have to reinvent their amino acid building blocks. Alongside the Rosetta "computational lab," Baker Laboratory scientists can synthesize peptides from new artificial amino acids in their physical wet lab as well as test their final protein and peptide designs. By introducing artificial amino acids into peptide simulations, the number of potential uniquely shaped peptides skyrockets. Using artificial amino acids also offers some protection against the immune system, which might otherwise recognize natural amino acid sequences as foreign proteins and attack them. A new chapter for Rosetta Over the last half-century, protein structure data from imaging techniques such as X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy has mounted, and protein structure databases store at-the-ready information on sequencing and structure. However, researchers are still trying to thoroughly understand how sequence influences structure, particularly folding. In order to find the best protein or peptide sequence for a specific function, they must simulate thousands of designs and search for the most effective option. This optimization search requires introducing a range of geometric constraints at the atomic level that could influence folding and binding. The entire space for a protein or peptide structure's dynamics is called its conformational space. "This is an exhaustive approach," said Yuri Alexeev, ALCF assistant computational scientist. "To model the conformational space for peptides requires hundreds of millions of simulations." To simulate a new peptide, Rosetta begins with a single-state design. Working backward from the target on a virus, malignant cell or other disease-causing agent, researchers determine what the basic conformation of the peptide should be. They use this peptide "skeleton" to generate thousands (or even hundreds of thousands) of possible amino acid sequences that could support stable interactions for that conformation. These first steps can be carried out on smaller systems because the potential sequences can be generated in isolation. However, evaluating and optimizing these thousands of designs requires rapid communication between processing cores, which is why Mira — and its more than 780,000 cores — is needed. To eliminate side effects, researchers not only want a peptide that favors, or is stable in, the conformation that will effectively bind to a desired target, they also want a peptide that disfavors any other conformations so there is little chance it will change conformation and interact with other proteins in healthy cells, causing side effects. Through a multistate design algorithm, Rosetta simulates and optimizes each conformational state on a separate core and searches for the state that favors only the desired conformation. The Baker Lab originally developed the multistate design algorithm for protein design, but it needs fine-tuning to tackle smaller peptides. Because Rosetta uses potential energy functions to calculate the interactions between atoms and molecules in a protein, the team is improving the energy function to allow it to be better applied to systems that include new amino acids for which experimental data might not be available. This step, unique to peptides, requires developing energy functions that not only use existing data from natural proteins to approximate interactions but also use the laws of physics, adding to the computational challenge. "If we're designing a large protein and we have some mistake or inaccuracy in our energy function, there's a good chance it will average itself out over the large structure," Mulligan said. "However, with a peptide, we're considering a smaller number of interactions and an error might throw our design off quite a bit, so our energy function has to be more precise." In 2012, the Baker Laboratory wanted to transition Rosetta, focused on protein design at the time, from the facility's previous Blue Gene/P system to Mira, a Blue Gene/Q system. Alexeev helped port and benchmark Rosetta for the Blue Gene/Q and advised on how to increase parallelization. Computing time for the peptide work was provided through a 2014–2015 Advanced Scientific Computing Research Leadership Computing Challenge award and a 2015 Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (INCITE) award. Funding for research was provided by the National Institutes of Health National Institute of Aging and the National Science Foundation. Since the start of the team's most recent INCITE project, Alexeev has also been helping validate a force field (the sets of parameters needed to accurately calculate the energy functions) for peptide design against quantum-mechanical simulations. This force field will greatly improve predictions for designs using artificial amino acids. Seeking targets for peptide design, the team has begun preliminary investigations into proteins on the surface of the HIV capsid and Ebola and Marburg viruses, as well as histones (also proteins) involved in some types of cancer. In the long run, they hope to assemble a database of artificial peptide designs that will provide Rosetta users with a scaffold, or template, to cut down on the computational effort needed to optimize a peptide for a medicine or material application. "Such a database would help future design efforts because, for example, once we have that, we can pick out a peptide design that serves as a scaffold to be redesigned and optimized for a new disease, rather than designed from scratch," Mulligan said. Argonne National Laboratory seeks solutions to pressing national problems in science and technology. The nation's first national laboratory, Argonne conducts leading-edge basic and applied scientific research in virtually every scientific discipline. Argonne researchers work closely with researchers from hundreds of companies, universities, and federal, state and municipal agencies to help them solve their specific problems, advance America's scientific leadership and prepare the nation for a better future. With employees from more than 60 nations, Argonne is managed by UChicago Argonne, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science. The U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science is the single largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States and is working to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time. For more information, visit the Office of Science website.

There are a lot of ways to make side-income in the modern world, and rental property is – how do you say – a classic. For many, it may seem daunting or scary, but it’s easier than ever to own and rent-out property. Technology has made researching, acquiring, and advertising real estate more streamlined and more transparent … Continue reading “Becoming the Landlord: Advice and Insight to Generate Income from Rentals”

<gh_stars>1-10 import { Component, OnInit } from "@angular/core"; import { MatDialogRef } from "@angular/material/dialog"; import { FormBuilder, FormControl, Validators } from "@angular/forms"; @Component({ selector: "app-admin-term-create", templateUrl: "./admin-term-create.component.html", styleUrls: ["./admin-term-create.component.scss"], }) export class AdminTermCreateComponent implements OnInit { constructor( public dialogRef: MatDialogRef<AdminTermCreateComponent>, private formBuilder: FormBuilder, ) { } ngOnInit(): void { } create() { this.dialogRef.close({ termName: this.dateStart.value, dateStart: this.termName.value, dateEnd: this.dateEnd.value, }); } termForm = this.formBuilder.group({ termName: ["", { validators: [Validators.required, Validators.maxLength(50)] }], dateStart: ["", { validators: [Validators.required] }], dateEnd: ["", { validators: [Validators.required] }], }); get termName() { return this.termForm.get("termName") as FormControl; } get dateStart() { return this.termForm.get("dateStart") as FormControl; } get dateEnd() { return this.termForm.get("dateEnd") as FormControl; } }

Swaziland is a small mountainous kingdom nestled between South Africa, to the south and west and Mozambique to the east. The 1.2 million people who live here are ruled by King Mswati III, Africa’s last absolute monarch. Between 1902 and 1968, Swaziland was a British colony and then Protectorate, but since independence, the country has practised a unique political system called ‘Monarchical Democracy’. For the last twenty years, HIV/AIDS has ravaged the country, leaving thousands dead and hundreds of thousands orphaned. Whilst access to treatment is improving, 31% of the total adult population are HIV positive and 11000 new cases are reported each year. This figure is considerably higher (upwards of 40%) in some areas and in some demographics, such as young women and older men (MICS 2014). The average life expectancy of a Swazi male is 47 years of age (WHO, 2015). About half of Swazis live in moderate to extreme poverty. Unemployment is very high, at over 40% (56% among the youth) and 70 % of the remaining workforce is employed in sustenance farming. Industries such as sugar farming, forestry and pulp production and livestock farming have been in gradual decline over the last few years, especially since the withdrawal of beneficial trade agreements such as the US’ Africa Growth and Opportunities Act. These economic challenges have been exacerbated by the worst drought in living memory, which has led to food and income scarcity, poor health and a widespread destabilization of the economy. FOR MORE INFORMATION ON SWAZILAND, CLICK HERE>>

For Native Americans having long hair is culturally relevant and significant. The importance of having long hair differs from tribes and nations. Some tribes’ belief long hair gives them power and knowledge, others feel connected to the cosmos, and some grow it long to honor their ancestors and culture. Many are unaware of the historical significance having long hair is to Native peoples. The impact of systematic colonization and forced assimilation brought on new euro-centric values and standards. Native American children were specifically stripped of their cultural identity in schools through not being permitted to speak their Native languages, being given new “white” names, wearing uniforms, and having their long hair forcibly cut short. It is important to acknowledge these kinds of racist practices in our school systems history to ensure students today safely can express their cultural identities in our schools. Growing long hair is a way many commemorate Native history and honor ancestors that were forced to “civilize.” Unfortunately, Native boys face ridicule, bullying, and often being called girls by not only peers but also adults in the school setting. These actions continue destructive colonizing tenants lingering in our schools and the impact on our Native students is tremendous. This is an Intent vs. Impact moment. Mistakenly identifying a student’s gender happens but the responsibility is on us to empower students who push our mainstream norms. Native student response to this kind of interaction can range from big to passive but none the less it breaks the spirit of Native students, taking away their independence and Nationhood. Following are recommendations how to support cultural and traditional practices in the classroom: ·Be an ally to Native student. Ask them about themselves and how they choose to exhibit their culture to build stronger one-on-one relationships. Show the student you respect their culture and support their traditional practices. · Pay attention, acknowledge, and create space for Native student’s voice and knowledge in the classroom without making them the expert on all things Native American. · Accommodate multiple world-views acknowledging that of the 500 Native Nations in the US each has its own cultural norms and students today may present with multiple tribal affiliations/cultures. · Work with parents, elders, family, community, and tribal members to educate yourself and classroom. · You are on Indigenous land, learn about the tribes’ culture, customs, traditions, language, and community. By Georgina Badoni, Diné Ph.D. and Uti Hawkins, Muscogee Creek and Kiowa Nations M.Ed Native Ed. Consulting Teachers, Huchoosedah Title VI Program, Seattle Public Schools

The Anne Frank House is a museum with a story. As a visitor, you experience this story through quotes, photos, videos, and original items. The atmosphere in the museum is authentic and subdued. The Anne Frank House is a museum with a story. The main house and the annex. On 6 July 1942, the Frank family went into hiding in the building at Prinsengracht 263. The building housed Otto Frank’s business. Later, they were joined by the Van Pels family and Fritz Pfeffer. The building consisted of two parts: the main house and the annex. The eight people hid on the top floors of the annex About anne frank house. A museum with a story. About anne frank house. The Anne Frank House (Dutch: Anne Frank Huis) is a writer's house and biographical museum dedicated to Jewish wartime diarist Anne Frank. The building is located on a canal called the Prinsengracht, close to the Westerkerk, in central Amsterdam. The building is located on a canal called the Prinsengracht, close to the Westerkerk, in central Amsterdam in the Netherlands. During World War II, Anne Frank hid from Nazi persecution with her family and four other people in hidden rooms at the rear of the 17th-century canal house, known as the Secret Annex (Dutch: Achterhuis) Translation of: Anne Frank Haus, 1992. Historical background. Boonstra, Janrense; Rijinder, Marie-José; Forest-Flier, Nancy; Anne Frank Stichting; Anne Frank House. Translation of: Anne Frank Haus, 1992. The Frank family ; The Nazis come to power ; The Frank family moves to Amsterdam ; The first years in the Netherlands - The war years. 263 Prinsengracht ; The persecution of the Jews begins ; The hiding place is made ready ; In hiding ; Daily life ; The Annexe as hiding place ; The helpers ; The diary ; Deportation ; The Annexe abandoned ; The fate of the Annexe's inhabitants - Events surrounding the diary. Anne Frank, 11 April 1944 Anne Frank Anne Frank – born in Frankfurt am Main, Germany on 12 June 1929 – is one of. .He makes the decision to have Anne’s diary published. In 1960, the hiding place is made into a museum. Anne Frank, 11 April 1944 Anne Frank Anne Frank – born in Frankfurt am Main, Germany on 12 June 1929 – is one of the millions of victims of the Nazi persecution of the Jews during the Second World War. In 1933, when Hitler comes to power and establishes an anti-Jewish regime, the Jewish Frank family moves to the Netherlands. They settle in Amsterdam, where Father Otto starts a business. Occupied Netherlands In May 1940, the German army occupies the Netherlands and anti-Jewish measures are increasingly implemented here as well. The Anne Frank House originally opened on 3 May 1960 and over the years attracted a growing number of visitors keen to experience the diary location at first-hand. Those with a Museumkaart (Dutch Museum Card) which offers free entrance to the museum must still book an online timeslot and pay the booking fee. Note the maximum amount of visitors allowed on a booking is 14. Staircase leading to the room where the van Pels family lived. otto frank www pixshark images galleries with a bite. Basically a glorified ladder. The travelling exhibition "Anne Frank - A History for Today" tells the story of Anne Frank set against the background of the Holocaust. Johannes Kleiman on the Arrest. At the Anne Frank House in Amsterdam: Movable bookcase in front of entrance to the Secret Annex. Anne Frank – What i. Jun 28, 2019 Alex Bright rated it really liked it. This book was given to me by a friend/colleague who visited the Anne Frank House on her trip to Amsterdam. I read her Diary many years ago, and I found this book helped put the journal entries into context and provided many answers to questions I had as a historian. The Anne Frank House Museum, or a better description being the Secret Annex that she and her family hid within, is one of the most tremendously moving places that I have visited. The experience simply relates the facts of the experience. Published in 1999 by Anne Frank House, Amsterdam. This gorgeous book offers an intimate portrayal of the house where Anne Frank and her family lived in hiding for two years. This large hardcover book (13 x 10 x 1 inches) with brown cloth pictorial boards was published to coincide with the seventy-fifth anniversary of Anne Franks birth and the sixtieth anniversary of her last. Detailed maps, pictures, and letters of Anne Frank enable the reader to feel as if he or she were present with her in the home. Anne Frank's life is exposed with many family photographs. Anne Frank in the World – Anne Frank Stichting – Amsterdam June 1985. The Diary of Anne Frank – published by MacMillan Children’s Books London 1995. Anne Frank House – A Museum with a Story – Anne Frank House Amsterdam. Holocaust Historical Society.

Sandrine Ceurstemont, editor, New Scientist TV In an attack from above, a virus swoops down on a bacterium and pierces it with a mini drill. The tip of the spike then detaches, allowing genetic material to seep in so it can reproduce inside its victim. The overall process depicted in this animation is well known, but many details still remain a mystery. Now Petr Leiman from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) in Lausanne, Switzerland, and his team are filling in pieces of the puzzle by measuring the tiny weapon and uncovering its structure. By analysing the membrane-drilling spike in a synchrotron, the team found that its tip is a single nanometer in diameter and also contains an iron atom. "Iron-containing proteins have colour, but these spikes were colourless," says Leiman. "We weren't expecting to find that so we took time to make sure." According to Leiman, iron is likely to help stabilise the protrusion so that it doesn't fall apart. But the discovery opens up new questions about what happens to the weapon during an attack. For example, bacteria like salmonella and Escherichia coli, which the virus targets, have both an outer and inner membrane but whether it penetrates both of them is unknown. "The protein is the plug so it has to come off so that DNA enters the cell," says Leiman. "But we don't know when it comes off." The team plans to follow up by investigating the rigidity of the spikes and how they work. They will also probe other similar viruses to compare the structure of their weapons. If you enjoyed this post, you might like to watch bacteria get guided by a magnetic field or see how viruses can hop over infected cells to target healthy ones.

‘Stop’ means ‘stop,’ especially when it comes to kids and pedestrians around school buses Last week it was back to school time. That means parents all over Michigan packing up lunches, backpacks and taking their little ones out to the school bus. While it’s important for every parent to teach our children how to recognize and act safely around school buses, the reality of most school bus accidents is that many more children are hurt outside the bus, and often by other drivers who do not stop. For example, most children who are seriously injured or tragically lose their lives in bus-related accidents are pedestrians, five to seven years old. These children are hit by the bus, or by motorists illegally passing a stopped school bus. Take a look at the national numbers, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration: - An average of 24 school-age children die in school transportation-related traffic crashes each year (11 occupants of school transportation vehicles and 13 pedestrians). - Since 2000 there were 371,104 fatal motor vehicle traffic crashes. Of those, 1,245 were classified as school transportation-related. - Since 2000, 130 school-age pedestrians (younger than 19) have died in school transportation-related crashes. Over 2/3 (67%) were struck by school buses. - There were 56 (43%) school-age pedestrians killed in school transportation-related crashes between the ages of 5 and 7 years old. On an average day in Michigan, 18,000 buses transport 860,000 students to and from school. Michigan averages three fatalities per year due to school transportation-related crashes, according to the Michigan Association for Pupil Transportation. There are also many injuries. The good news is, these deaths and injuries can be prevented if parents teach their children some simple bus safety tips, and the public becomes more aware of the extreme importance of driving safely around buses to protect these precious little lives. The area 10 feet around a school bus is where children are in the most danger of being struck by a passing car or being run over by a bus driver who fails to see the child. All 50 states have a law making it illegal to pass a school bus that is stopped to load or unload children, but these tragic accidents continue. So how can we stop children from being hit by cars around school buses? Do you know the law in Michigan? It’s actually pretty simple. The law requires motorists to stop when the overhead red lights of a school bus are flashing. The law applies to drivers on both sides of the road, unless the highway is divided by a barrier. For more information, take a look at our blog on Michigan’s law for stopping for school buses to avoid pedestrian accidents. And this blog reviews school bus safety tips for kids boarding so they don’t get hit. (Note: A school transportation-related crash is defined as a crash which involves a school bus body vehicle, or a non-school bus functioning as a school bus, transporting children to or from school or school-related activities.)

Yeah this article is intentionally poorly written. The State department utilizes this property for entertaining foreign dignitaries, meetings, planning, and a home base for U.N. personnel. This is standard operating procedure. The reason for the new apartment is because the Chinese purchased a property in close proximity to the old UN property. The article is attempting to portray Haley as wasteful but this ultimately likely wasn't even her decision. I've worked with the state department before so if I had to speculate, the overall cost to furnish and secure this apartment was massive and for a good reason.

Héma-Québec Blood Drive, February 16, 2019 @ CEDA Center, 2515 Delisle Street. Sickle cell disease is more prevalent than any other genetic disease. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), sickle cell anemia is recognized as one of four scourges, along with malaria, AIDS and tuberculosis. In Quebec, only 4.7% of blood donors come from cultural communities. Some inherited blood disorders, such as sickle cell anemia, require the donor and recipient to share the same genetic background. The Round Table on Black History Month, in collaboration with Héma-Québec and the Sickle Cell Foundation hopes to reach more donors from Black communities, because there is an urgent need especially for people with sickle cell anemia. Héma-Québec has also launched a new program targeting black women. Previously, because of their hemoglobin levels below the usual limit, some couldn’t donate blood even if they wanted to. Héma-Québec has now lowered the criteria, and will replace the lost iron during a blood donation which will allow more black women to donate blood. Every year, the Black History Month Round Table holds a fundraiser to support the Sickle Cell Disease Association.

Kinetics of an un-catalyzed chemical reaction vs. a catalyzed chemical reaction Gibbs Free Energy (G) is used to describe the useful energy in a reaction or the energy capable of doing work. In Figure 1, energy refers to the free energy of the reaction (G). ΔG is the overall energy released during the reaction and accounts for the equilibrium of the reaction. Equilibrium is reached when substrate is being converted into product at the same rate as product is being converted into substrate. Enzymes do not affect ΔG or ΔGo between the substrate and the product. Enzymes do affect the activation energy. The activation energy is the difference in free energy between the substrate and the transition state. The transitions state is the intermediary state of the reaction, when the molecule is neither a substrate or product. The transition state has the highest free energy, making it a rare and un-stable intermediate. An enzyme helps catalyze a reaction by decreasing the free energy of the transition state. As a result, more product will be made because more molecules will have the energy necessary for the reaction to occur and the reaction will occur at a faster rate. Un-Catalyzed Chemical Reaction: Substrate is converted into product when the substrate has enough energy to overcome the activation energy and be converted into product. Catalyzed Chemical Reaction: Once an enzyme is introduced into the reaction, the enzyme binds to the substrate forming an enzyme/substrate complex (ES). As a result this complex decreases the activation energy, allowing the reaction to occur at a faster rate and form the enzyme/product complex (EP). This complex then dissociates, into the product and the enzyme. The enzyme is then free to catalyze another reaction. Quantitatively, what is the effect of reducing Ea? For reaction A↔B, V = k[A] h= Plank’s constant; kb = Boltzman’s constant, So k and thus V are inversely and exponentially related to Ea and directly related to T: A 6 kJ/mol reduction in Ea gives ca 10x increase in k and V ∆h ~ exp(+6000/8.3*300) ~ 11 (reduction in Ea is an increase from –Ea) V(catalyzed)/V(uncatalyzed) for various enzymes varies from 104 to 1021, meaning Ea is reduced by ca 23 to 126 kJ/mol How do enzymes reduce Ea? These effects raise G(ES):cage effect, orientation, steric straining of bonds (stress from H-, Vanderwaal’s, ionic bonds), dislocation of bonding electrons through +/- charges These effects reduce G(ES*): covalent bonds, acid- base catalysis, low-barrier hydrogen bonds, and metal ion catalysis Different classes of enzymes may use different mechanisms: - Oxidoreductases (oxidation-reduction reactions) - Transferases (transfer of functional groups) - Hydrolases (hydrolysis reactions) - Lyases (addition to double bonds) - Isomerases (isomerization reactions) - Ligases (formation of bonds with ATP cleavage)

--- description: MSpub_identity_range (Transact-SQL) title: MSpub_identity_range (Transact-SQL) | Microsoft Docs ms.custom: '' ms.date: 03/03/2017 ms.prod: sql ms.prod_service: database-engine ms.reviewer: '' ms.technology: replication ms.topic: language-reference f1_keywords: - MSpub_identity_range_TSQL - MSpub_identity_range dev_langs: - TSQL helpviewer_keywords: - MSpub_identity_range system table ms.assetid: 68746eef-32e1-42bc-aff0-9798cd0e88b8 author: CarlRabeler ms.author: carlrab ms.openlocfilehash: f<PASSWORD>211<PASSWORD>87a64<PASSWORD>93f42<PASSWORD> ms.sourcegitcommit: e700497f962e4c2274df16d9e651059b42ff1a10 ms.translationtype: MT ms.contentlocale: pt-BR ms.lasthandoff: 08/17/2020 ms.locfileid: "88485460" --- # <a name="mspub_identity_range-transact-sql"></a>MSpub_identity_range (Transact-SQL) [!INCLUDE [SQL Server](../../includes/applies-to-version/sqlserver.md)] A tabela **MSpub_identity_range** fornece suporte ao gerenciamento de intervalo de identidade. Essa tabela é armazenada no banco de dados de assinatura e publicação. |Nome da coluna|Tipo de dados|Descrição| |-----------------|---------------|-----------------| |**objid**|**int**|A ID da tabela que tem a coluna de identidade administrada pela replicação.| |**range**|**bigint**|Controla o tamanho do intervalo dos valores de identidade consecutivos que seriam atribuídos à assinatura em um ajuste.| |**pub_range**|**bigint**|Controla o tamanho do intervalo dos valores de identidade consecutivos que seriam atribuídos à publicação em um ajuste.| |**current_pub_range**|**bigint**|O intervalo atual usado pela publicação. Ele pode ser diferente de *pub_range* se for exibido depois de ser alterado por **sp_changearticle** e antes do próximo ajuste de intervalo.| |**threshold**|**int**|Valor percentual para controle quando o Distribution Agent atribuir um novo intervalo de identidade. Quando a porcentagem de valores especificados no *limite* é usada, o agente de distribuição cria um novo intervalo de identidade.| |**last_seed**|**bigint**|A associação mais baixa do intervalo atual.| ## <a name="see-also"></a>Consulte Também [Tabelas de replicação &#40;&#41;Transact-SQL ](../../relational-databases/system-tables/replication-tables-transact-sql.md) [Exibições de replicação &#40;Transact-SQL&#41;](../../relational-databases/system-views/replication-views-transact-sql.md)

references to another CDO model? If not, should there be? I know in this case we do not add the resource in the resourceset. will have the error you just had. We are currently working to fix that problem. Don't worry, CDO support non-containment references to another CDO-model. The problem is how objects gets loaded in memory. If you load the resource at the beginning (before loading others objects... it should work). But I know it is not a solution. > another CDO model? If not, should there be? missing) few things could change based on our discussion....

<filename>NavMeshTester/Source/Behaviours/Tree/BehaviourTree.cpp #include "Behaviours\Tree\BehaviourTree.h" #include "Behaviours\Interface\IComposite.h" #include "Behaviours\Interface\IDecorator.h" namespace Behaviour { BehaviourTree::BehaviourTree() : m_Root(nullptr), m_Blackboard(nullptr) { } BehaviourTree::BehaviourTree(const behaviour_ptr& a_Root) : m_Root(a_Root), m_Blackboard(nullptr) { } BehaviourTree::BehaviourTree(const BehaviourTree& copy) : m_Blackboard(copy.m_Blackboard) { // Clear this tree Clear(); // Is tree empty? if (copy.Empty()) { // Set root to nullptr m_Root = nullptr; } else { // Set root to clone of existing tree m_Root = copy.m_Root->Clone(); } } BehaviourTree::BehaviourTree(BehaviourTree&& move) : m_Root(std::move(move.m_Root)), m_Blackboard(move.m_Blackboard) { // Set other tree's blackboard to nullptr move.m_Blackboard = nullptr; } BehaviourTree::~BehaviourTree() { } BehaviourTree& BehaviourTree::operator=(const BehaviourTree& rhs) { // Clear this tree Clear(); // Is other tree not empty? if (!rhs.Empty()) { // Set root to clone of existing tree m_Root = rhs.m_Root->Clone(); } // Set blackboard to tree's blackboard m_Blackboard = rhs.m_Blackboard; // Return this tree return *this; } BehaviourTree& BehaviourTree::operator=(BehaviourTree&& rhs) { // Clear this tree Clear(); // Set root and blackboard to other tree's root and blackboard m_Root = std::move(rhs.m_Root); m_Blackboard = rhs.m_Blackboard; // Set blackboard to nullptr rhs.m_Blackboard = nullptr; // Return this tree return *this; } void BehaviourTree::SetRoot(const behaviour_ptr& a_Behaviour) { // Clear any potential tree that might exist Clear(); // Set the new root of the tree m_Root = a_Behaviour; } void BehaviourTree::SetBlackboard(Blackboard* a_Blackboard) { // Set the blackboard m_Blackboard = a_Blackboard; } eBehaviourResult BehaviourTree::Execute(Agent* a_Agent, float deltaTime) { // Starting from the root, execute the tree. Return the result return m_Root->Execute(a_Agent, deltaTime); } bool BehaviourTree::InsertIntoComposite(const behaviour_ptr& a_Behaviour, const std::string& a_CompositeTag) { // Assert if tree is empty assert(!Empty() && "Tree is empty, use set root instead"); // Find this composite behaviour starting from root behaviour_ptr Get = m_Root->Tag() == a_CompositeTag ? m_Root : m_Root->Find(a_CompositeTag); // Was the tag found? if (Get) { // Cast the behaviour to composite type std::shared_ptr<IComposite> Com = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<IComposite>(Get); // Assert if cast failed assert(Com && "Tagged behaviour is not of composite type"); // Insert the behaviour Com->Insert(a_Behaviour); // Return behaviour inserted return true; } // Return behaviour not inserted return false; } bool BehaviourTree::InsertIntoComposite(BehaviourTree& a_Tree, const std::string& a_CompositeTag) { // Assert if tree is empty assert(!Empty() && "Tree is empty, use set root instead"); // Find this composite behaviour starting from root behaviour_ptr Get = m_Root->Tag() == a_CompositeTag ? m_Root : m_Root->Find(a_CompositeTag); // Was the tag found? if (Get) { // Cast the behaviour to composite type std::shared_ptr<IComposite> Com = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<IComposite>(Get); // Assert if cast failed assert(Com && "Tagged behaviour is not of composite type"); // Insert the tree's root Com->Insert(a_Tree.m_Root); // Set the tree's root to nullptr a_Tree.m_Root.reset(); // Return behaviour inserted return true; } // Return behaviour not inserted return false; } bool BehaviourTree::CloneIntoComposite(const behaviour_ptr& a_Behaviour, const std::string& a_CompositeTag) { // Assert if tree is empty assert(!Empty() && "Tree is empty, use set root instead"); // Find this composite behaviour starting from root behaviour_ptr Get = m_Root->Tag() == a_CompositeTag ? m_Root : m_Root->Find(a_CompositeTag); // Was the tag found? if (Get) { // Cast the behaviour to composite type std::shared_ptr<IComposite> Com = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<IComposite>(Get); // Assert if cast failed assert(Com && "Tagged behaviour is not of composite type"); // Clone this behaviour behaviour_ptr Clo = a_Behaviour->Clone(); // Was the behaviour cloned? if (Clo) { // Insert the clone Com->Insert(Clo); // Return clone inserted return true; } } // Return clone not inserted return false; } bool BehaviourTree::CloneIntoComposite(BehaviourTree& a_Tree, const std::string & a_CompositeTag) { // Assert if tree is empty assert(!Empty() && "Tree is empty, use set root instead"); // Find this composite behaviour starting from root behaviour_ptr Get = m_Root->Tag() == a_CompositeTag ? m_Root : m_Root->Find(a_CompositeTag); // Was the tag found? if (Get) { // Cast the behaviour to composite type std::shared_ptr<IComposite> Com = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<IComposite>(Get); // Assert if cast failed assert(Com && "Tagged behaviour is not of composite type"); // Clone the tree's root behaviour_ptr Clo = a_Tree.m_Root->Clone(); // Was the behaviour cloned? if (Clo) { // Insert the clone Com->Insert(Clo); // Return clone inserted return true; } } // Return clone not inserted return false; } behaviour_ptr BehaviourTree::GetBehaviour(const std::string& a_Tag) { // Is the tree empty? if (Empty()) { // Return behaviour not found return nullptr; } // Find this behaviour starting from the root, return the result return m_Root->Find(a_Tag); } behaviour_ptr BehaviourTree::GetRoot() const { // Return the root of this tree return m_Root; } Blackboard* BehaviourTree::GetBlackboard() const { // Return the blackboard of this tree return m_Blackboard; } bool BehaviourTree::Empty() const { // Return if tree is empty return !m_Root; } void BehaviourTree::Clear() { // Is there a tree? if (m_Root) { // Delete the tree m_Root.reset(); } } }

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So here’s Lesson 1: It’s all a matter of perspective: shift your perspective and you’ll change your experience. If you’re a mountain climber, the peak of the experience probably is at the top of the hill where you’re finally able to take in the view you worked so hard to get to see, and in that sense, if you’re going down hill after, the fun part is over. On the other hand, if you’re a bike rider and you just spent an hour working your way up a steep, long hill and you finally get to the top, the best part is yet to come where you get to coast through, enjoy the view, feel the wind whipping through your hair and a sense of freedom as you glide easily down the beautiful ride. Having done the Aids Lifecycle Ride and experienced that very thing, I say, Bring on the down hill, baby! In summer and fall of 2012, at 43 years young, I was waking up in pain just about every day and I thought to myself, “Geez, this is middle age?” Not only was I worried about the imminent statistical downslope of my life, I was worried about the decades to come. Having worked with older clients, I found out with some quick research that the older you are, the faster your muscles begin to atrophy if you are not engaging in some form of strength training exercise on a regular basis which makes poi a great way to have high repetition low weight activity for older folks. Inspired by a(n older) client who was practicing daily, I started my own One Song Daily Challenge: a commitment to practice daily to a single song. The beauty of this is in the simplicity. Sometimes 30 minutes seems like a lot. In fact, sometimes 5 minutes seems like a lot. This practice allows the person to choose the song length and it can vary day to day as it serves the artist. For me, this was really helpful in building the habit of daily practice outside of class time where I was teaching. Which leads to Lesson 2: Getting in the habit of doing something, even just a little bit, every day develops the daily discipline muscle, an invaluable skill for all beings. As I began noticing a correlation between my movement and the type/amount of pain I was feeling, I decided to start a more structured daily practice because I got Lesson 3: movement yields less pain than being sedentary. Coincidentally a peer was starting a 30 day Flow challenge group on Facebook. I decided to give it a go and try the challenge of 30 minutes of practice every day for 30 days, during which time I found so much benefit from it I committed to a daily practice for 3 years. I extended the commitment for so long because I got this almost immediately: Lesson 4: Taking time to connect with my body daily improves my physical capabilities. It is a gift of self love I’m grateful to have given myself. to sweat during each session, although I changed that so I don’t need to sweat on rehabilitative days. For me, making the commitment to a daily practice has changed everything. At first it was really hard. Really hard. For about 5 or 6 months. I was tired and sore. I felt like I needed more sleep. Things that were easier, at first, sometimes seemed more of a drain. I often felt like I was dragging. I needed more sleep to recover and I thought quite frequently about skipping a day. That’s when I really got Lesson 5: Rehabilitation is a necessary part of life. Soreness is a form of pain, and working out at a pace I’d never taken on for an extended period of time with no rest days required some form of recovery time. Rehabilitation to get the kinks worked out of my body became a part of my self care and embodiment rituals and I added that, as needed, into my practice. Learning to listen to my body and discern when it needed me to demand more of it and when it needed rehabilitation was an unexpected gift. Somewhere in the 5-6 month mark I started noticing a real shift in my body. I was stronger. I had more energy. And my posture was different. I also had stronger wrists and the daily practice had changed the nature of the healing of the tendonitis in my wrists and forearms. Which led to Lesson 6: You can teach an old dog new tricks. Through my daily practice listening to what form of activity my body needed, I gained strength and endurance I hadn’t had in my arms since before I was diagnosed with tedonitis of my arms in 1998. Through my practice (and I credit my daily downward dog practice as a huge factor in this process) I was able to increase the weight of my poi for the first time in a dozen years. Several months later and about 12 months into the challenge I began exploring something completely new to me: working with poi that I grip, a task that was formerly too difficult to do because of lack of grip strength. Later, that would lead to using knob poi for the first time with any level of seriousness. Pom grips on my pod poi and tosses were suddenly made possible. And for the first time ever in the most recent Expo, I performed with fire with a grip type handle. About 14 months in I decided to add a more intensive strength challenge to my training by adding my first plank challenge. The goal was to do a 5 minute plank by the end of 30 days. Part way through the challenge, I encountered this other plank challenge where you move through different kinds of planks (forearm, military, side plank, one legged plank), so I started doing a hybrid of the two, with the goal of being able to do any kind of plank for 5 minutes. In a sense, I fell terribly short at the end, having barely broken a 3:30 plank. On the other hand, the point of a challenge is to improve enough to achieve the goal. 10 years prior, I couldn’t do a 10 second plank, so I was winning and improving even if I didn’t hit 5 minutes. Lesson 7: Engaging in activities that support my long term practice goals and keep me in the practice are just as important as achieving an individual milestones. I decided to up my practice time to an hour a day at the beginning of 2014 when I added the first plank challenge. I completed that challenge and did a 2nd plank challenge where I topped out at a 4:12 plank! Closer… and… still, not there. Concurrently, I added an additional squat challenge to the mix which I actually found to be almost too easy, completing double the goal of 250 (so 500 total) on the 30th day. This opened up my practice because I realized Lesson 8: You are far more capable than you think you are. I realize again and again when I do things that were previously unimaginable that time, patience, dedication and practice brings me places beyond my current imagination. Because, Lesson 9: Practice is a long term investment and nothing like a fast food meal. It’s easy to think in terms of days or weeks. From my vantage point of a 10 year practice with fans and staff, 11 years with hoop, 14 years with poi and a 16 year yoga and dance practice, I realize I am places now I literally thought were impossible to be when I began. It’s so helpful to remember that long term perspective because it can really help keep you committed. This practice is about being able to have less pain and more capabilities as I continue through my life which means its all about the through time experience. Last week I gave myself permission to do only 30 minutes a day as a little respite and this week I completed 18 months, so half of my 3 year commitment. I’m smiling as I’m typing because again, I’m doing something I never thought I could do in an younger version of me. I would have laughed at you 20 years ago if you told me I would be sweating nearly every day and working out every day. Not just because I was 315 pounds of couch potato, but because I didn’t like moving around. It is difficult to write a blanket-program to cover all populations. This challenge would be too easy for certain lifters and too hard for other lifters. For example, obese individuals can’t automatically bust out Bulgarian split squats and one-leg foot-elevated bridges. However, I feel that this program would work well for the majority of individuals who are of normal weight and who stay generally active (hiking, jogging, yoga, etc.). I was curious to see, since I’m obese yet generally active, how difficult for me the challenge would be. It is no joke, and, I can feel a difference. Those one legged moves are really tough! I share all this with you because I read this article the other day, 10+ Reasons I Love My Ugly Body, and looking at this woman’s transformation, it’s clear to me, having already lost 120 pounds from my heaviest with at least 50 more to go to be within the top end of “normal” for my height, I may also always have a similar amount of flab. Focusing on these challenges has helped me achieve body improvement goals that serve my sense of accomplishment and capabilities rather than an emphasis on aesthetics. Given my age, focusing on physical beauty clearly is a losing battle anyway as wrinkles, age spots, receding gums and grey hair start showing on the human body and material beauty fades. Which leads to Lesson 10: Practice makes me more beautiful. As I learn discipline, as I challenge myself, as I continue to set goals in front of me I choose to strive for only for the joy of the journey and improvement they deliver, I experience the benefits of practice. Calming, centering, connecting mind and body, enhances skills, personal time, support for my health and fitness, improved physical capabilities and better temperament and as a result and I am more beautiful in how I move through my life and the world around me. Here’s hoping this article motivates you to consider your own daily practice. ** I must take a moment here to encourage you to take action on the whole Net Neutrality stuff going on. In a nutshell, there is a movement afoot by those with money to create a “fast lane” for data transfer over the common carrier internet highways. What this means is not all data is treated equally which means if you don’t have access to the fast lane, you’re data won’t be treated with priority. Take action here Contact the White House. Beginner Poi Moves, Monday May 19 – one spot left! Thanks so much for stopping by my facebook page and sharing your post! This article was very insightful and inspirational. 🙂 My favorite is lesson 8: you are more capable than you think you are. It’s been part of my daily routine to ask myself “what else is possible?” and it has been really helpful to get me out of old thinking patterns. Thank you again! Hi again from List-a-Palooza! Your story is amazing! And what a great list of exercises to try. I walk a lot but have wanted to explore more upper body options, and this might just be the thing that gets me going. I also shared information about your poi fire dancing and flow arts with my youngest daughter. Don’t all good mothers tell their kids to play with fire? I keep hoping she will find something active to do that will spark an interest in her and this might be the thing. We are in Seattle, however, but she has a link to your site and may try to set up something to at least try it on her own for a while. She will be a junior in high school this fall, so we have two years before we figure out where she will be going to college and perhaps she will find somewhere to follow up on it. Glad we’ve connected! flow dancing — with and without the fire — has been the best drug of my life and it’s the healthiest addiction I’ve ever seen! Thank you! Will do. I’m following you on WordPress now, as well!

Do you know what happens at the end of your tenancy? Phil Spencer talks to Maxine Fothergill, ARLA Propertymark President about the things that can happen before a tenancy is terminated, including renewal options and the benefits and risks of each approach. Whichever way works for you – make sure that you have a written record of any discussions you have. Phil Spencer talks to ARLA Propertymark President Maxine Fothergill on the the pitfalls of renting and how to avoid the most common mistakes. Did you know how common it is for tenants not to check their inventory or read their contract fully? Phil Spencer and our CEO, Nathan Emerson are discussing timing — and when is the best time to put a property on the market. From thoughts you should have about downsizing, to what you should consider if you’re relocating, it’s worth considering regional variations. So you’re looking at selling your home. Where do you even begin? During this Move iQ Podcast, Phil Spencer talks to our CEO, Nathan Emerson about the importance of doing the admin early to get a head start, decluttering your home, and why your agent is so crucial when it comes to being in a chain. In episode 2 of series 6 of the Move iQ podcast, Phil Spencer chats to Propertymark CEO, Nathan Emerson about how relevant local estate agents are in securing a successful sale or purchase.

Elias Kanaris, longtime entrepreneur, public speaker, author, and a former presidential candidate in New Zealand, did not begin his life easily. But Elias turned his life around, and in his new book Liberating Your Leadership Potential, he shows readers how they can also change the self-limiting beliefs that keep them in their own mental prisons. Each chapter of this dynamic book contains Elias’ personal stories of how he overcame obstacles, dealt with his personal shortcomings, and ultimately learned how to lead others to success. He also includes exercises in each chapter for readers so they can track their progress in overcoming their own obstacles to reach their goals, and he concludes always with a story taken from Nelson Mandela’s life to illustrate the chapter’s theme. While I was impressed with Elias’ stories of his career, including his public speaking and running to be President of New Zealand, I instantly felt a bond with him when he discussed how he worked for a telecom company and ran a call center, something I did myself for several years. In fact, managing a call center is just about the most stressful job I would never wish on anyone. However, yet Elias saw it as a privilege because it allowed him to get to know the employees who worked for him, to inspire them, and also to learn from them. In short, his attitude impressed me. Nor was that the only time Elias impressed me; throughout these pages, he shows his integrity, making me believe that he stands by what he says. One such example was in a story where he went on sales calls with a coworker. They stopped at a gas station, where the coworker decided to shoplift some candy—Elias saw what happened, but he was too shocked to say anything until they were outside. Then he confronted his coworker, who refused to return the stolen goods and felt no remorse. Elias returned inside the gas station and paid for the item himself. He also soon after ended his working relationship with the person. If I detailed every story in this book, it would spoil it for readers, but what is more important than the stories is that each chapter is focused on one of the keys to leadership. Those twenty-one keys include: Everything Rises and Falls on Leadership, Walking in Your Client’s Shoes, Leading from the Front, Allowing People to Make Mistakes Is Good for Your Business, Giving It Over to God, and Taking Action Is Important. I make special note of the “Giving It Over to God” key because many authors would avoid this topic, but Elias is not only a Christian—he is a fallen away and returned one, and he does not apologize for his religious beliefs that inform his values and actions. The recurrence of the Nelson Mandela stories and quotes throughout the book offers additional inspiration and an excellent model of leadership to the reader. Many of the stories focus on Mandela’s time in prison—how he learned to survive, to maintain his sanity and good character, help his fellow prisoners, forgive those who hurt him, and take responsibility or learn from his experiences when he made mistakes. I loved how Elias compared Mandela’s real prison experience to the self-created prisons that many of us live in. Liberating Your Leadership Potential is filled with stories that can benefit anyone. Whether it’s dealing with family crises, difficult family members, being a business leader, learning from your mistakes, or just trying to figure out what to do next to improve your life, there’s something for everyone in this book. I encourage readers to do the exercises, revisit the chapters that best apply to them, avail themselves of the free resources in the back, and discover the leadership potential that lies within them; now Elias has provided the keys to unlock and liberate it. For more information about Elias Kanaris and Liberating Your Leadership Potential, visit the author’s website.

Each year, the Border Patrol, a division of U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), holds hundreds of thousands of people in detention facilities near the southern border that are extremely cold, frequently overcrowded, and routinely lacking in adequate food, water, medical care, and access to legal counsel. Although CBP intends these facilities only for short-term detention—meaning that a person should be held there less than 12 hours—data obtained by the American Immigration Council through the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) shows that the Border Patrol regularly uses them to detain people for prolonged periods. Over 80 percent of people detained by the Border Patrol in its Tucson Sector are held for over 24 hours, meaning that men, women and children are forced to sleep on concrete floors and hard benches in holding cells that lack beds and are not equipped for sleeping. In Fiscal Year (FY) 2014, the Border Patrol apprehended 479,371 individuals along the U.S.-Mexico border. Typically, when Border Patrol agents apprehend an individual near the southern border, they confine that individual in a holding cell while they complete his or her initial processing. After processing, detained individuals are released, repatriated to their home countries via formal removal or informal return, or transferred to the custody of another federal agency. CBP guidance also sets limits on the maximum length of time that an individual should be held in a holding cell. According to a 2008 CBP memorandum, a detainee should not be held for more than 12 hours,” and should be moved “promptly.” Nonetheless, CBP guidance also recognizes that some individuals will be held longer. In addition, CBP guidelines for holding cells proscribe that detainees will be provided snacks and meals, will be given access to potable drinking water, will have access to bathrooms and toilet items, and will be given necessary medical attention. Further, agents will make reasonable efforts to provide a shower for detainees held for more than 72 hours and detention cells will be regularly cleaned and sanitized. Notwithstanding CBP standards regarding short-term detention, former detainees and others report poor conditions in CBP holding cells—conditions that violate CBP’s own policies and also are alleged to violate the U.S. Constitution. Former detainees vividly describe extremely cold temperatures—so cold that both detainees and guards have come to call the cells “hieleras” (Spanish for “freezers” or “iceboxes”). Detainees describe being forced to sit and sleep, sometimes for multiple nights, on cold, concrete floors and benches; receiving little or no food or clean drinking water; being packed into overcrowded and unsanitary holding cells without basic hygiene items; denied adequate medical screening or care; denied communication with family members, legal counsel, or consulates; and coerced into signing deportation papers. Despite numerous reports and articles exposing these conditions, they continue unabated. CBP’s own records, discussed below, show that thousands of people endure these inhumane detention conditions for prolonged periods of time. Numerous human rights reports, media accounts, and documented complaints of former detainees confirm this. They also indicate that prolonged detention has occurred for years. The Tucson-based humanitarian aid organization No More Deaths reported that—as far back as 2011—approximately 30 percent of more than 12,000 individuals interviewed were detained in short-term CBP facilities for more than 24 hours. In 2013, Americans for Immigrant Justice identified individuals detained for as many as 13 days in Border Patrol holding cells. CBP Commissioner Gil Kerlikowske has acknowledged that individuals are detained overnight in these facilities, stating publicly that detainees should not have to sleep on a concrete floor. CBP maintains and operates multiple detention facilities in its Tucson Sector. The Tucson Sector covers most of Arizona, from the New Mexico state line to the edge of Yuma County, AZ. The sector includes the Cochise, Pima, Pinal, and Santa Cruz counties of Arizona. The Border Patrol describes its Tucson Sector as “one of the busiest sectors in the country.” In the past two fiscal years, the Border Patrol apprehended more than 200,000 people in the Tucson Sector alone. Of the 479,371 Border Patrol apprehensions along the U.S.-Mexico border in Fiscal Year 2014, approximately 18 percent occurred in the Tucson Sector. In response to a FOIA request by the American Immigration Council, CBP provided data regarding the number of individuals detained in the Tucson Sector between January 1, 2013 and June 30, 2013, and the length of time they were detained. The data shows that CBP held 72,198 individuals during this six-month period and that the vast majority were detained for at least one night, with many detained for significantly longer periods of time. CBP held these individuals in detention for an average of 49.9 hours, with a median of 39.4 hours. This data shows that the average individual detained by Border Patrol agents was forced to sleep in facilities not intended for sleeping—that is, forced to sleep without a bed on concrete floors or hard benches. A shocking 58,083 individuals, or 80.4 percent of the total number detained during this period, were held in detention for 24 hours or more. Moreover, over one-third (34.4 percent, or 24,832) were held for 48 hours or more, and 10.9 percent (7,839) were held for 72 hours or more. This newly released data shows that the Border Patrol routinely forces its detainees to sleep in cells that lack beds or other reasonable sleeping accommodations, often for multiple nights. During this time, detainees are forced to endure severe conditions, such as extreme cold, overcrowding, and limited (or no) food and water. The Border Patrol routinely fails to follow even its own minimal detention standards in the Tucson Sector. Several detainees recently filed a class action lawsuit against CBP, claiming that the lack of beds and other terrible conditions in holding cells in the Tucson Sector violated their Constitutional rights. Other reports indicate that the Border Patrol is holding individuals in substandard conditions for extended periods in other CBP sectors as well. Though CBP Commissioner Kerlikowske has publicly committed CBP to the “highest levels of transparency and accountability” to ensure the trust of the American people, this data—and documented accounts of deplorable detention conditions—demonstrate that additional oversight of the Border Patrol is critical and agency accountability is long overdue.

COVID-19 UPDATE: This event has been cancelled. The Sakura Festival Benefit at O-Ku is Thursday, March 19, 2020, from 5:00pm to 10:00pm. Proceeds of this event will be donated to The Community Foundation of Middle Tennessee. Tickets are $40 online and $50 at the door (if still available). The ticket price will include two beverage tickets, small bites, and drink specials. This event is 21 and over only.

The number of active cases has risen again, though the increase has slowed, with only 27 additional cases added today, taking the total to 2,455. There were 132 new cases reported and 1 new fatality. However, the numbers of those in hospital (and hospital-hotel quarantine) have fallen – with 20 in ICU, 90 in other wards and 74 in the hotels. On 27 October, Deutsche Welle released a 42-minute documentary saying that the scandal is like something out of a thriller movie. The players in the tax scandal are powerful bankers, executives, top-tier lawyers, and even, perhaps, German politicians…along with the state prosecutor who’s on their trail. The documentary shows the people behind the investigation of the biggest tax scandal in German history, and asks how states can protect public money from unscrupulous financial predators. On 8 October, the UN released this Report draws the attention of the international community to urgent human rights concerns and urges all relevant parties to take concrete steps towards finding a peaceful resolution to the long-standing conflict on the Korean Peninsula. It recommended that the UN Security Council consider lifting sanctions that negatively affect humanitarian assistance and human rights in North Korea and conduct a study of the detrimental impact of sanctions on human rights and the on the humanitarian situation, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. WHAT DO THE FCPA, UK BRIBERY ACT, FRENCH OR GERMAN CRIMINAL CODES MEAN FOR DEALINGS WITH THIRD PARTIES? On 16 November, an article from Reed Smith explains how the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), UK Bribery Act, and the French and German criminal codes apply to a company’s or individual’s dealings with third parties. A previous article covered who is subject to the FCPA, UK Bribery Act, French, German and Greek criminal codes. On 22 November, the Law Society Gazette reported that about 12% of the professionals supervised by AML authorities are ‘at risk’, according to the latest annual report of supervisory activity published by HM Treasury. The report covers the activities of the Solicitors Regulation Authority as well as bodies such as the FCA and Gambling Commission. The SRA is by far the largest of the 9 legal sector supervisory bodies – the Bar Standards Board has an AML population of 582. On 22 November, Azatutyun reported that Armenia’s new anti-corruption body has decided to bring charges against Serzh Sarkisian, subpoenaing the former president for interrogation as part of a yet undisclosed criminal case. A spokesperson for the Anti-Corruption Committee did not provide details as to the criminal case or what particular crime or crimes the third Armenian president is accused of. On 22 November, Garowe Online reported that the country’s Auditor General has said that millions are missing from key departments of the federal government. On 17 November, a news release from the Dutch Government advised that the government will introduce legislation to provide additional legal means to confiscate criminal assets. It will make it possible to confiscate money and property originating from criminal activity without first having to obtain a criminal conviction; and also introduces the instrument of an emergency asset freeze on financial transactions to prevent criminal money being siphoned off. In his blog on 21 November, Kenneth Rijock reported that a suspect has been arrested in Vancouver in the assassination of Jian Jun Zhu, alleged to have been Canada’s most prolific money launderer. The suspect is accused of killing Jian back in September, whilst he was dining at a Japanese restaurant in Richmond, British Columbia. An article from Out-Law on 19 November said that the case of a recruitment agency alleged to have falsely claimed furlough money from the government shows the importance of robust internal whistleblowing policies and procedures. On 19 November, the Krebs on Security blog carried a post explaining that one of the more common ways cybercriminals cash out access to bank accounts involves draining the victim’s funds via Zelle, a P2P payment service used by many financial institutions that allows customers to quickly send cash to friends and family. On 22 November, FATF-style regional body APG said that it had concluded its 2021 special plenary hosted in virtual format by the Government of Australia. The principal outcome of this special plenary meeting was the adoption of the Vietnam Mutual Evaluation Report. The onsite visit to Vietnam took place in November 2019 and the finalisation of the report was delayed due to travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic. On 17 November, EurActiv reported that ministers at the Council of Europe, the international human rights body, had adopted the second Additional Protocol to the Budapest Convention to tackle the current surge in cybercrime. The Convention is described as one of the most important international treaties on cybercrime and is ensuring a common criminal policy approach and fostering international cooperation. The Second Additional Protocol is said to modernise the Convention to make it ready for the challenges of the 21st Century. The article points out that the EU has a number of different sector-specific Regulations and Directives in development to tackle cybercrime, and that they are all built on the provisions set out in the Budapest Convention. A news release from US DoJ on 18 November advised that Inigo Philbrick, 34, a US citizen previously residing in London, and an art dealer specialising in postwar and contemporary fine art with galleries in London and Miami has pleaded guilty to one count of wire fraud for perpetrating a multi-year scheme to defraud various individuals and entities in order to finance his art business. On 18 November, TRAFFIC reported on Wildlife Sentinel, an app to help staff at airports, airlines, and other aviation companies report suspected wildlife trafficking and corruption. Released by Crime Stoppers International, the app is already being used by aviation personnel with many reports providing indicators of wildlife crime. On 22 November, HMRC issued updated information explaining how to find out if a business has registered with HMRC under the Money Laundering Regulations and how to report them if they have not. On 22 November, 9 News reported that a man in his 20s has been charged with money laundering, and of breaching a COVID-19 public health direction after allegedly crossing a state border with $4 million in his boot. On 19 November, an article from Cadwalader Cabinet reported that the SEC said there had been over 450 new enforcement actions in fiscal year 2021, with a wide variety of actions taken. The new actions filed brought the total number of actions to 697, representing an increase of 7% over new actions brought in fiscal year 2020, but a decrease in overall actions compared with the 6 prior years. The report also found a 33% decrease in disgorgements compared with the prior fiscal year, but a 33% increase in fines. This report from the Wilson Center is said to show that extraction of critical minerals suffers chronic underinvestment in the US because it’s perceived as ecologically unfriendly, politically fraught, and extremely long term. Obtaining the required permits for a new mine can take up to 10 years because it often involves multiple jurisdictions, and political, and legal challenges. It says that the US is at a distinct disadvantage vis-à-vis China in securing access to the metals and rare earth elements that are vital for the energy transition and for geopolitical ambitions. On 22 November, a news release from US Immigration and Customs Enforcement advised that, in conjunction with the Department of State, it had repatriated a trove of stolen artifacts to the Republic of Mali. The artifacts were detected in March 2009, when US Customs and Border Protection encountered a suspicious container at the Port of Houston. The container, which originated from Mali, claimed to be carrying replica cultural items. On 8 October, World Political Review published this report saying that the gold trade boomed, even as the pandemic closed other businesses. However, much of the gold comes from smuggling, from neighbouring states – in 2019, the central bank estimated that only 10% of the country’s gold exports originated in the country. On 22 November, Oil Price.com reported that the Bitcoin-friendly president of El Salvador has said at a Bitcoin investment summit that his country plans to build the first “Bitcoin City”. He said that Bitcoin City will rely on geothermal energy from nearby volcanoes, and it will be tax-free except for VAT. On 22 November, Eurasia Review reported that, with about 3,100 African, European and US soldiers deployed to the Cabo Delgado province, the security situation is beginning to stabilise in Mozambique. On 22 November, Dutch News reported that the Netherlands remains an attractive place for companies and criminals to avoid tax and to hide cash by using shell companies, despite efforts to tackle the problem, according to a government commission. In 2019, the Netherlands was home to some 12,400 “letter box” companies, with a value of €4,500 billion. The commission estimates that shell companies have created just 3,000 to 4,000 jobs and account for less than 1% of the country’s tax income. Instead, multinationals and their tax advisors have been the main beneficiaries. On 22 November, Stars & Stripes, the US forces newspaper, reported that Leonard Glenn Francis has been under house arrest in San Diego for several years. However, he has now secretly recorded a 9-part podcast with a Singapore-based journalist, offering for the first time publicly his own account of the bribery scandal that has rocked the Navy, led to the prosecution of dozens of military officials and put hundreds more under scrutiny. The term “Fat Leonard” is said to refer to his imposing physique and was a long-time nickname in military circles in ports across SE Asia. On 22 November, ABC News reported that a Tasmanian woman has pleaded guilty to stealing the money to fund her addiction to an online gambling game that does not pay out real money. She was an account manager at the Tasmanian Veterinary Hospital between 2016 and 2019. A post on Lawfare on 22 November says that the US Government has begun to leverage a range of criminal, diplomatic, economic and military capabilities in order to combat the ongoing ransomware threat. The post sets out post to provide an account of how the Biden Administration is going about the business of countering the ransomware threat through a whole-of-government approach. This includes initiatives and actions by the DoJ, the US Treasury Department, the Department of Homeland Security and other agency-specific efforts. In an effort to begin to assess the efficacy of these activities, this post will also describe the impact such efforts appear to be having on at least some ransomware threat actors, most notably the decision by REvil to take itself “offline” and the ripple effects in the ransomware ecosystem stemming from that action. Any modest contributions for my time and ongoing expenses are welcomed! On 17 November, a report from Insight Crime reports on an investigation which exposes how the Maduro regime’s attempts to control Venezuela’s mining heartland in the state of Bolívar has led to criminal chaos, as guerrilla groups, heavily armed gangs and corrupt state elements battle over the country’s gold. This includes Colombian guerrillas’ involvement in illegal mining in Venezuela, with indigenous communities have reported incursions into illegal gold mines by dissidents from the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia or FARC) for at least 5 years, and another Colombian guerrilla group – the National Liberation Army (Ejército de Liberación Nacional or ELN) is also present. But these are only 2 of a number of groups involved. On 22 November, Front Page Africa reported that the FIU had presented the NRA to the Liberia bankers’ Association. The NRA was released in September and major outcomes of the NRA show Liberia’s money laundering risks as high in the financial sector as well as for DNFBP. However, it also reveals that Liberia’s terrorist financing risk is low. On 22 December, OFAC announced that it had designated Ismatullah Khalozai, an individual who has acted as a financial facilitator for the Islamic State’s Khorasan Province (ISIL-Khorasan), active in Afghanistan and commonly referred to as “ISIS-K”. The designation, in coordination with the Department of State, also sees Sanaullah Ghafari, Sultan Aziz Azam, and Maulawi Rajab designated as Specially Designated Global Terrorists (SDGT) for their roles as leaders of ISIS-K. At the same time, OFAC has made a number of deletions from its SDN List, and amended a number of others. A news release from the US Treasury refers those seeking information on the process for seeking removal from any OFAC list, including the Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List, to FAQ 897. This Index set out to assess the quality of institutional controls to manage the risk of corruption in the defence and security institutions. It rates countries from Band A (New Zealand), with a very low risk, to Band F (featuring 18 countries) with a critical risk. It is said to be the world’s leading assessment of corruption risks in government defence institutions. A report from The Sentry says that although President Joseph Kabila’s final term as head of the DRC was set to end in December 2016, he clung to power and delayed elections for another 2 years. Meanwhile, his brother Francis Selemani purchased numerous luxury homes in the US and South Africa, it appears at least in part using funds diverted from the government. Selemani was MD of BGFIBank DRC, the Congolese subsidiary of Gabon-based BGFIBank Group. It is claimed that Selemani and the Kabila family used a network of companies and the bank they controlled to misappropriate public funds, transferring millions abroad and purchasing millions of dollars in foreign real estate.

DEFINITIONS:Creativty - The ability to surpass traditional ideas. Invention - Something that did not exist previously and is now recognized as a product of some unique intuition or genius. Source for picture and text:http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Z3W9zID191E/R9D9K-MU-II/AAAAAAAAAYs/xFh5qUEKziM/s1600-h/invention.bmp Creativity is a process, while invention and innovation both are states. Creativity needn’t necessarily result into an invention or an invention needn’t morph itself into an innovation. An invention when exploited through an application or a business model results into an innovation, which is of value to the individual or the organization.

Population response of eastern wild turkeys and white-tailed deer to removal of wild pigs Type of DegreeMaster's Thesis Forestry and Wildlife Science MetadataShow full item record Recently, wild pigs (Sus scrofa) have expanded their range and have the potential to greatly impact ecosystems in North America. Wild pig’s generalist diets and high fecundity make them a strong competitor with native species in areas that they invade. We studied how wild pigs may be affecting two native species in the United States, white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and eastern wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris). We used camera trapping and N-mixture models to determine if there were any population level effects of wild pig removals on these species. We found there to be a significant change in both detection and abundance of wild turkey and a significant change in detection of white-tailed deer as wild pigs were removed. We suggest that removal of wild pigs could benefit declining turkey populations in the Southeast and benefit the efficiency of white-tailed deer camera surveys and hunter satisfaction.

Rec'd. My backdrop and it was beautiful! I rec'd. It even faster than I thought I would.

The Potential Effect of the Coronavirus Pandemic on Haiti A Latin America Bureau report we contributed to this week noted that, at the time of writing, there were thankfully no recorded cases of Coronavirus in Haiti. Notwithstanding, an outbreak would undoubtedly pose a considerable threat to the densely populated country which has all-too-recent memories of how devastating an outbreak of infectious disease can be. Haiti is already battling 160,000 cases of HIV, is home to the highest rate of tuberculosis in the Americas, and has only been free of new cholera cases for one year. This is after a catastrophic nine-year epidemic when United Nations soldiers from Nepal infected Haiti with the disease in October 2010, leading to 10,000 deaths and sickening close to 100,000 people. The Zika and Chikungunya epidemics have also had a detrimental impact on Haitian healthcare system in recent years. The Moïse government has already announced sweeping travel restrictions in and out of the country. Albeit porous, the authorities have agreed to close the main border entry points with the Dominican Republic. With a strong tourism industry, the DR has already announced 11 cases of the virus introduced by foreign tourists to the island. A Coronavirus outbreak would pose an unimaginable threat to fragile healthcare systems that depend on external agencies. It would exacerbate the ongoing political crisis that continues to weaken internal health infrastructure. With all this in mind, the potential for Coronavirus to spread in Haiti with devastating consequences is overwhelming. WHAT WE KNOW - Coronavirus is very infectious. The average person with coronavirus will transfer the virus to an average of 2 to 2.5 others (WHO 6th March). - In Haitian cities, and especially in Port-au-Prince, people live in close proximity. An outbreak, without social distancing measures, could therefore spread very quickly. - The WHO estimates that the mortality rate of Covid-19 is between 3-4%. The risk is exacerbated for the elderly and those with underlying health conditions and non-communicable diseases. For example, people with HIV and tuberculosis are high risk, and both of which are particularly prevalent in Haiti compared with the Caribbean region as a whole. Respiratory infections are already one of the biggest causes of premature death in Haiti, and has the highest rate of tuberculosis in the Americas. As of 2018, 160,000 Haitians were living with HIV. - Haiti has restricted most travel into Haiti. The best chance to prevent the spread of coronavirus (or at least slow it down) is containment; to minimise the chance of somebody bringing the virus into a country or region, and then quickly identifying and isolating any persons who have Covid-19 before they transmit the virus. Many governments have, in the past few days, restricted travel across borders. Haiti has too – flights from Europe and Canada have been suspended, and the border with the Dominican Republic has been officially closed. At the time of writing, the Dominican Republic has had 21 confirmed cases of coronavirus and one fatality. - Haiti’s health systems are currently very fragile. Less than one in ten Haitians have proper access to regular healthcare. The cholera epidemic of 2010 is a stark example of how quickly an epidemic can spread with only a very weak public health infrastructure against it; this known weakness makes the UN’s crime of introducing the disease all the more severe. The cholera epidemic also highlights Haiti’s recent experience in mobilising against a deadly infectious disease. There have been no new cases in cholera for over a year now. A recent Guardian article has noted Haiti’s response to cholera across communities and organisations as “an object lesson in dealing with a public health crisis.” - However, that is not to say that Haiti’s public health system is more resilient than it was a decade ago. Haitian healthcare is still insufficient, sustained by NGO activity, and since 2018, Haitian healthcare has been further weakened as a result of the inertia of the Moïse administration in the wake of the massive Petrocaribe protests against his government. Healthcare workers have joined the protests in recent months, in particular because crucial medical supplies have been running out. Haiti’s health system remains particularly vulnerable to an outbreak of the proportions seen in Europe. - Haiti needs a cooperative, national effort. Dr Émile Hérald Charles, former director of the Ministry of Public Health and Population, has called for a “coherent, synergistic and unitary” response to the virus. He told AlterRadio that Haiti has the necessary expertise to mount a national response, but warns that “there are not enough resources disseminated [throughout Haiti] to provide an answer to this health attack,” arguing that “public authorities must appeal to community organisations” if the effort is to stand any chance. - Preparation campaigns are underway. On Monday 16th March, acting Prime Minister Joseph Jouthe has launched a new information campaign to raise awareness about the virus and coordinate media response in keeping the public well-informed about the spread of the virus and containment measures. The National Federation of Mayors of Haiti are launching a street cleaning and awareness-raising campaign with similar aims next week. NGOs such as Partners in Health are working with regional public health bodies to prepare for a rise in cases, and grassroots and diaspora groups are disseminating hygiene information materials in Kreyol online. WHAT WE DO NOT KNOW - How much coronavirus is affected by climate. There is much yet unknown about coronavirus and about the illness it causes (Covid-19). Notably, we do not yet know to what extent, if at all, the rate of transmission is affected by climate. There has been much speculation about whether coronavirus will struggle to spread in tropical, humid conditions, fuelled by its current overwhelming prevalence in temperate countries in the Northern Hemisphere during winter 2019-20. However, it is simply too early to confirm whether a country like Haiti with a humid tropical climate will therefore see a slower spread. Moreover, studies of the 2009 H1N1 “bird flu” found that, although there was a significant seasonal effect in the spread of the virus, the biggest driver for transmission was the fact that there was no natural immunity; there is no natural immunity for the coronavirus that causes Covid-19 in any population. - How much border restrictions/closures will affect Haitian life. Haiti is a country that, due to decades of dictatorial extraction and foreign meddling, has come to rely heavily on the world outside for its supply chain. Stipends and support from Haitian diaspora in the USA, France, and Canada form a significant part of the economy. The land border with the Dominican Republic is now officially closed, but questions remain as to how effective this measure will be, and how severely this will affect the Haitian economy. - Why exactly travel to/from the USA is continuing, and if it will lead to transmission. Travellers from the USA are to be screened on arrival, but the government’s decision not to close the border to the country stands out, as the coronavirus epidemic in the USA is severe, and cases of Covid-19 are far more prevalent than in Canada, for example. The reasons the Moïse administration has done this may be because of the prominence of US businesses and NGOs in Haiti, the importance of the US diaspora, or Moïse’s continuing desire for a close allegiance with President Trump. - How, if implemented, social distancing will affect Haiti. Social distancing measures, if they come, would undoubtedly affect the informal economy that plays a significant part in city life. Haitians have been gathering on the streets of cities in numbers for months, and in Port-au-Prince for a year-and-a-half, demonstrating against Moïse and the Haiti he has come to represent. A significant outbreak of coronavirus will affect the protests, and it will affect the nature of Moïse’s ongoing suppression of them. - As symptoms can often take days to manifest, and testing equipment is rare, we do not know for certain if Haiti is still free of coronavirus. There is an anxious wait for the first positive test, but voices in Haiti are calling on Moïse to take urgent steps to ensure a containment strategy. In recent days, the government has taken more strident steps, but there is still much work to be done to best prepare Haiti for the entry of coronavirus. - Like all nations, Haiti’s response to the pandemic, and the manner in which coronavirus will affect Haiti, is contingent on current and antecedent societal factors. The steady erosion of Haitian infrastructure due to decades of extraction from predatory elites, disaster capitalists and exploitative NGOs, added to the exhaustion from the continuing social and political crisis revolving around Moïse, leaves Haiti especially vulnerable if coronavirus gains a foothold.

Ludwig’s angina is a rare skin infection that occurs on the floor of the mouth, underneath the tongue. This bacterial infection often occurs after a tooth abscess, which is a collection of pus in the center of a tooth. It can also follow other mouth infections or injuries. This infection is more common in adults than children. Usually, people who get prompt treatment recover fully. The symptoms include swelling of the tongue, neck pain, and breathing problems. Ludwig’s angina often follows a tooth infection or other infection or injury in the mouth. The symptoms include: - pain or tenderness in the floor of your mouth, which is underneath your tongue - difficulty swallowing - problems with speech - neck pain - swelling of the neck - redness on the neck - an earache - tongue swelling that causes your tongue to push against your palate - a fever Call your doctor if you have symptoms of Ludwig’s angina. As the infection progresses, you may also experience trouble breathing and chest pain. It may cause serious complications, such as airway blockage or sepsis, which is a severe inflammatory response to bacteria. These complications can be life-threatening. You need immediate medical attention if you have a blocked airway. You should go to the emergency room or call 911 if this occurs. Ludwig’s angina is a bacterial infection. The bacteria Streptococcus and Staphylococcus are common causes. It often follows a mouth injury or infection, such as a tooth abscess. The following may also contribute to developing Ludwig’s angina: - poor dental hygiene - trauma or lacerations in the mouth - a recent tooth extraction Your doctor may diagnose this condition by performing a physical exam, fluid cultures, and imaging tests. A doctor’s observations of the following symptoms are usually the basis for diagnosis of Ludwig’s angina: - Your head, neck, and tongue may appear red and swollen. - You may have swelling that reaches to the floor of your mouth. - Your tongue may have extreme swelling. - Your tongue may be out of place. If your doctor can’t diagnose you with just a visual examination, they may use other tests. Contrast-enhanced MRI or CT images can confirm swelling on the floor of the mouth. Your doctor can also test fluid cultures from the affected area to identify the specific bacterium that’s causing the infection. Clear the airway If the swelling is interfering with your breathing, the first goal of treatment is to clear your airway. Your doctor may insert a breathing tube through your nose or mouth and into your lungs. In some cases, they need to create an opening through your neck into your windpipe. This procedure is called a tracheotomy. Doctors perform it in emergency situations. Drain excess fluids Ludwig’s angina and deep neck infections are serious and can cause edema, distortion, and obstruction of the airway. Surgery is sometimes necessary to drain excess fluids that are causing swelling in the oral cavity. Fight the infection It’s likely you’ll need antibiotics through your vein until the symptoms go away. Afterward, you’ll then continue antibiotics by mouth until tests show that the bacteria are gone. You’ll need to get treatment for any additional dental infections as well. Get further treatment You might need further dental treatment if a tooth infection caused the Ludwig’s angina. If you continue to have problems with swelling, you may need surgery to drain the fluids that are causing the area to swell. Your outlook depends on the severity of the infection and how quickly you seek treatment. Delayed treatment increases your risk for potentially life-threatening complications, such as: - a blocked airway - sepsis, which is a severe reaction to bacteria or other germs - septic shock, which is an infection that leads to dangerously low blood pressure With proper treatment, most people make a full recovery. You can decrease your risk of developing Ludwig’s angina by: - practicing good oral hygiene - having regular dental checkups - seeking prompt treatment for tooth and mouth infections If you’re planning on getting a tongue piercing, make sure it’s with a professional using clean, sterile tools. See your doctor immediately if you have excess bleeding or the swelling isn’t going down. You should brush your teeth twice every day and use mouthwash with antiseptic liquid once per day. Never ignore any pain in your gums or teeth. You should see your dentist if you notice a foul smell coming from your mouth or if you’re bleeding from your tongue, gums, or teeth. Pay close attention to any problems in your mouth area. See your doctor immediately if you have a compromised immune system or have recently had some sort of trauma in your mouth, including a tongue piercing. If you have a mouth injury, make sure to see your doctor so that they can ensure it’s healing properly.

You're right all great one! Riders have 5 minutes after driver delivers his vehicle for free to a hard to get to Lyft chosen pickup location. After the 5 minute clueless rider wait time... driver must wait an additional 5 minutes for rider to fasten their seatbelt... drivers should not be in a hurry. Remember you are being paid while waiting Ex. Jimmy quit his full time job to drive for Uber and made 60 trips in one day! His riders know the rules and all his riders took the full 5 minutes before getting in because taking your free sweet time is ....well it's free to riders and it must be great for drivers because they're getting paid. Wait a minute... before up front pricing Jimmy made bank waiting the full 5 minutes for all his 60:trips. Lyft paid an additional $1.35 on every single trip. $78.50 for doing nothing. Just sitting there like a dope for 5 hours making money for nuthin' With up front pricing, well there's no way for wait time to be added because it's not convenient to add things like wait time, rider can't find keys, dog got out, dui checkpoint, concert or event with road closure, No worries. Make it all up when I get that raise.

The important part is the private key to which the certificate is linked. Unfortunately, some widely deployed documentations get it wrong and call "certificate" what really is the union of the certificate itself (which contains the public key and is entirely public) and the corresponding private key (which had better not be public, of course). In order to keep the private key private, it is best not to copy it in many places. When a private key "travels" between computers, it is normally as a PKCS#12 archive (previously known as "PFX"), which contains the certificate and the private key, and is password-protected. The entropy of this password is crucial for the security of this transit, but, of course, this protects only the key as it is transferred. You are right: the more a private key is copied, the more vulnerable to theft it becomes. The normal way of doing this is the following: Each build machine has its own development certificate. Development certificates are certificates which you generate yourself, with a custom CA (which can be some crude usage of the OpenSSL command-line tool). Test machines, on which development is performed, are configured to accept this custom CA as trusted (or maybe signature checks are deactivated altogether). For production releases, the binaries which are to be signed are transported to a specific, protected machine which contains the real signature key (the one corresponding to the certificate that you bought from the "trusted provider"). Releases don't occur often, so this manual procedure should be acceptable. Having a free-for-all signature system, accessible and routinely accessed by developers, looks somewhat dangerous to me. A signature with a key which is trusted by third parties is a responsibility: it makes you liable. You should strive to sign things with that key at rarely as possible, i.e. only for releases.

The Congo Region The sculpture of the Kongo kingdom is usually characterized by naturalism. Each of the culture's ancestor figures represents a personalized portrait and reveals details of body decoration and dress. The best-known art works of the Bateke of the W Congo are small power figures. These figures stand with arms close to the body in a stiff, frontal pose. The Bapende sculptors of the W Congo give a fluid surface to their ivory pendants portraying human faces. The Bembe created small-scale sculptures in wood meant to contain the spirits of the ancestors. Typical of these figures are thick lips and beards and eyes often inlaid with porcelain. In the Bushongo kingdom statues of royalty were carved (17th to 19th cent.). The king was shown in a pose of static aloofness, wearing a flat crown and often holding a ritual sword. The Basonge of the central Congo carved small standing power figures and masks, bold in proportion and anticipating cubism. The Baluba of the SE Congo produced bowls and stools supported by slender figures. Small ivory masks and neck rests were made in the E Congo. The art of the Chokwe of S Congo and Angola consists of freestanding figures, ceremonial staff heads, masks, and carved stools. The dynamically carved figures are particularly outstanding. Sections in this article: The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.

3rd Grade Measurements In third grade math, measurements will involve using both the US Customary System and the Metric System. Using the US Customary System of measurement, students will learn to measure and define units of length, such as inch, foot, and yard. They’ll learn to measure to the nearest half-inch. Sometimes they will be asked to measure to the nearest quarter inch as well. They’ll use cups, pints, and quarts to measure and estimate capacity. They’ll use ounces and pounds to estimate and compare different weights. They’ll also practice measuring temperature by reading a thermometer and using Fahrenheit. Measurements in third grade will also involve using the Metric System. Students will estimate and measure length in centimeters, decimeters, and meters. They’ll find capacity in milliliters and liters. They’ll measure mass using grams and kilograms and understand the difference between mass and weight. They’ll also measure temperature in Celsius. Time will be spent looking at the differences between the two measurement systems and learning to understand the base ten system of the Metric System. While perimeter and area also fit into geometry, students will spend time measuring these. They’ll count units and add lengths to determine perimeter. They’ll count units and multiply to find area. They’ll also be expected to choose the appropriate label, such as inches or square inches. All of these new math subjects will also require students to learn new third grade math vocabulary.

Your website is one of the most important places you communicate with potential customers. As a travel company or hotel, the copywriting on your website can have a powerful effect on consumer behavour. Good travel copywriting can create desire. It has the ability to demonstrate expertise and fire the imagination. It's able to sweep people away on vivid mental journeys while they sit in the comfort of an armchair. In short, it can help win customers and boost bookings. So with that in mind, here are 5 tips to help the copy on your website work harder, punch through the clutter and ultimately help boost bookings. We all like to think our behaviour is largely driven by logic. But in reality, many of the decisions we make are based upon instinct and feeling, including our buying decisions. Emotions have a huge impact on what we buy and studies reveal many of our purchases are based on instant pangs of desire rather than periods of careful consideration. Booking a holiday, perhaps more than any other purchase, is an emotionally-driven process. People want to feel blissful relaxation, or exhilarated by a new adventure, or feel that sense of escapism that comes from being thousands of miles from home. So it makes absolute sense that the copywriting on your website taps into this instinctively human trait – and sells your experiences on an emotional level. How can you do this? Well, if you’re a tour operator trying to describe the attractions of let’s say, Rio de Janeiro, you could invite people to imagine how it might feel to sit on Copacabana beach. But you’ll need to get specific. So instead of simply saying the beach is stunning, paint a picture of what it feels like to be there. Describe how you can spend lazy days stretched out on Copacabana’s sugar-white sands, as Christ the Redeemer watches over the city from the lush hilltop of Corcavado. Of course, you’re not writing a travel novel, so you don’t want to overdo these kind of descriptions. But where possible, use language that sparks the imagination of your audience and creates a desire to take up the experience you’re describing. A clear understanding of your target audience needs to be baked into your website. You obviously need to signpost the kind of features and benefits that are going to be most appealing to this audience, but you also need to tailor a specific tone of voice that they’ll most likely relate to. Start by considering what sort of language your target audience uses and the way they like to be spoken to. Would they respond more to familiar, snappy, conversational style? Or is a descriptive, formal approach more appropriate? Both essentially make the same point: ‘the service here is pretty awesome.’ But the language speaks to very different audiences. A recent example of a travel company really striking out to sound and feel different is Booking.com. Last year, they created a series of TV adverts that had a really quirky, bold comedic style. No one could accuse their messaging of being middle-of-the-road. And that's the key. Avoid the temptation to adopt what feels like a safe, one-size-fits-all tone of voice. By trying to appeal to everyone you can actually end up appealing to no one at all. Be brave. Pick a style that demonstrates you’re totally on your audiences’ wavelength and they’ll feel far more engaged with you. Rather than just being another travel company on someone’s radar, you’ll become a recognisable brand that is readily identifiable. You’ll also build credibility as customers recognize attributes like attention to detail with higher levels of professionalism. When you religiously target all of your messaging with the end-user in mind across every media channel, you’ll begin to create a powerful brand that cuts through the clutter and distinguishes you from the rest of the competing voices. While evoking an emotional response is a crucial part of copywriting, there comes a point when it needs to give over hard information. How far is the hotel from town? Are there good local restaurants nearby? Is that trip best for families or better suited to independent travellers? Good travel copywriting gives the kind of details customers really want. While it might sound obvious, including the most important information, and making it prominent and easy to find on your site, will make that buying decision all the more easy to make. If potential customers have to leave your website to find the information they need, they might not come back. The key is finding a balance, though. You don’t need to express every little detail, but make sure you provide the essential facts that will help people decide whether a hotel, restaurant or trip is really the right one for them. Customers do a lot of shopping around before they book a holiday. In fact, the average traveller visits 22 travel-related websites when they’re planning a trip and spends 5 hours researching. No question, the modern traveller is savvy and well-informed. They take the time to survey the market. So with that in mind, it’s really important to convey why people should choose you over your competitors. Your web copy should define a point of difference – a powerful reason that explains why you’re the preferred choice. You can’t be better at everything, but what you can do is shout to the rooftops about the fact you have an intimate knowledge of a certain region, only use local guides or have more eco-friendly hotels on your books than anyone else. Give potential customers a specific and compelling reason to book their holiday with you. While your competitors are trying to be all things to all people, you’ll stand out in the marketplace by the very fact you’re offering something unique and memorable. If you're looking for help to produce powerful travel copywriting that increases engagement with your customers and helps boost bookings, just get in touch.

First published in Pall Mall Budget, May 15 1893, Pall Mall Gazette June 15 1893, McClure's Magazine July 1893. ORG No. 586. The poem reflects Kipling's lifelong fascination with sailors and the sea. A homeward-bound seaman considers his voyage, where he has been, what he has done, what cargo there is on board and how it was obtained. There are echoes here of Coleridge's "Rime of the Ancient Mariner" (1797) where he and his shipmates sight islands with lighted houses at night that are not there in daylight and other traditional nautical ghost-stories. Some of the same mood is to be found in John Masefield's "Sea Fever", written some ten years later. See also "The Manner of Men" (Limits and Renewals) and "How Shakespeare came to write The Tempest". King Solomon A fabulously wealthy and wise King of Israel who appears as Suleiman bin Daoud in "The Butterfly that Stamped" and some of Kipling's Masonic verse. Tarshish A place referred to in the Hebrew Bible, far across the sea from Israel and Phoenicia, of which the location has been disputed by scholars. Possibilities suggested include Spain, Carthage, and Sardinia. Tyre ancient city, the fourth largest in Lebanon Hiram The King of Tyre, who provided timber for Solomon's Temple as related in the First Book of Kings. flaw in this context a sudden gust of wind, sometimes from a different direction from that prevailing at the time. Trade in this context one of the Trade Winds that blow regularly from the North-East in the Northern Hemisphere and the South-East in the Southern. lay your board and tack again Philip Holberton writes: the Shorter Oxford Dictionary gives a nautical meaning for board – the distance covered in one tack. I suggest that in this context the ship is beating to windward. She “lays her board” in the sense of setting her course and then has to tack in one of the senses given below (verse 10): go about (change direction) from (say) a port tack to a starboard tack. Paddy Doyle some authorities say he was master of a boarding-house in Liverpool for sailors between ships that supplied crews to outward-bound vessels, others maintain he was a bootmaker. The reference is to a sea-shanty or work-song used at sea to assist with the very hard manual work of hauling ropes. ingots small bars of gold or silver. floe in this context an iceberg pike and carronade a spear-like weapon and a gun, the goods were obviously obtained by piracy ! rode a foot too deep overloaded, so deeper in the water than consistent with safety. [Verse 5] Philip Holberton writes: The second half of this verse is tongue-in-cheek – they took the goods by piracy but it was actually a work of charity, to “light” (i.e. lighten) the homeward- bound ship which was dangerously overloaded! walty an obsolete nautical word for 'insecure', hence probably 'unseaworthy'. In Rewards and Fairies p.290 line 22, Simple Simon describes Francis Drake’s vessel as 'A coaster boat – a liddle box o’ walty planking … held together by him sole.' kentledge scrap iron used as ballast. kelson usually 'keelson', part of the fore and aft structure of a wooden ship or boat that secures the timbers to the keel. yard in this context a spar secured to a mast on which sails are set. galley in this context a kitchen in a vessel. Baltic The Baltic Sea is in Northern Europe and bordered by Sweden, Finland, Russia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, northeastern Germany, and eastern Denmark. Mossel Bay an important tourism and farming region of South Africa. Texel an island and municipality of the Netherlands. sodden deals wet timber as deck-cargo. Valparaiso a major city and seaport in Chile. Crossets probably an archipelago in the Southern Indian Ocean. gunnels so pronounced but spelt 'gunwales'. The top strakes of a vessel. Agulhas the southernmost tip of Africa, a region of terrible storms where the Atlantic meets the Indian Ocean. witch-fire better known as St. Elmo' s Fire, an electrical phenomenon that appears as blue flames on masts and yards etc. vane in this context a small flag or device (a weathercock) at a masthead to indicate wind - direction. truck the top of a mast. The Dutchman usually known as 'The Flying Dutchman', doomed to sail the sea for ever as punishment for undisclosed crimes. To see his ship is a sign of approaching disaster. Midnight Leadsman a legend we have not traced, information will be appreciated. See "The Dog Hervey" A Diversity of Creatures page 151, line 9, 151/16 and 151/31; "Their Lawful Occasions" Traffics and Discoveries, page 135/31, page 150, line 10, page 151, line 9 and page 151 line 16; and 'Captains Courageous', page 82, line 3. The Swimmer another legend we have not traced bunt and gasket the body of the sail, secured by the gasket when furled more than signed the crew of a merchant-ship usually signs on at the Shipping Office, here they are joined by ghosts. Isle of Ghosts some believe the Isle of Wight in the South of England is haunted but it could be anywhere. Hummock a ridge or hump in an ice-field. biscuit-toss a short distance but the origin has not been traced. (Perhaps the distance you could throw a scrap of ship's biscuit, a few yards ?) shallop a sailing-vessel, now obsolete. Hendrick Hudson (born c.1565-1570, died 1611) English explorer and navigator who twice tried to find the North-West passage to China, north of Canada. His crew mutinied and set him adrift in a boat with his son and other men. They were never seen again. Plain-sail the amount of sail set in pleasant sailing weather storm-sail reduced sail to suit conditions. tack a word of several meanings at sea, the lower corner of a sail, going about (changing direction) from (say) a port tack to a starboard tack, and sometimes food ! ©John McGivering 2016 All rights reserved

Travel-weary Dodgers hurt by lagging offense in loss to Rockies The Dodgers suffered one of their most lackluster displays of the season in a 4-0 loss to the Colorado Rockies on Monday in Denver. Austin Gomber - Slated to rejoin rotation Gomber will rejoin the Rockies' rotation during their weekend series against the Diamondbacks, Nick Groke of The Athletic reports. Rockies get Bryant back ahead of tough stretch The Rockies announced on Monday that outfielder Kris Bryant has been reinstated from the 10-day injured list, where he had been recovering f... Sean Bouchard - Out with oblique strain Bouchard landed on the 10-day injured list Monday due to a strained left oblique. Impact Bouchard earned his first career call-up in mid-June but appeared in just three games before hitting the injured list, going hitless in seven at-bats. He'll be eligible to return next Monday, as the move can be backdated up to three days, but that may not be on the table unless the strain is a particularly mild one. Ryan Feltner - Sent down Monday Feltner was optioned to Triple-A Albuquerque on Monday. Impact Feltner struggled over four starts in June, as he posted an 8.64 ERA and 1.56 WHIP in 16.2 innings during that time. He'll attempt to sort things out in the minors, while Austin Gomber is slated to rejoin the Rockies' rotation this week. Ty Blach - Reinstated by Colorado Blach (wrist) was reinstated from the 15-day injured list Monday. Impact Blach spent just over the minimum of 15 days on the shelf and will rejoin the Rockies' bullpen prior to Monday's series opener against the Dodgers. He made just one rehab appearance at Triple-A Albuquerque and allowed four runs on six hits and no walks while striking out one in 1.2 innings. Charlie Blackmon - Not in Monday's lineup Blackmon isn't starting Monday's game against the Dodgers. Impact Blackmon went 1-for-12 with a homer, two RBI, a walk and two strikeouts over the last three games, and he'll get a breather Monday. Connor Joe is serving as the designated hitter and leading off. Kris Bryant - Activated Monday, as expected The Rockies reinstated Bryant (back) from the 10-day injured list Monday. He'll start in left field and bat third in the Rockies' series opener against the Dodgers. Connor Joe - Scores twice, swipes bag Joe went 2-for-4 with a walk a double, two runs scored and a stolen base Sunday against the Twins. Ryan Feltner - Allows five runs in loss Feltner (1-3) took the loss to the Twins on Sunday, allowing five runs on eight hits while striking out two and walking one over four innings. Impact Feltner threw 51 of 80 pitches across four frames Sunday. He did not allow any home runs, but the Twins were able to play small-ball, picking up three runs on singles, one on a triple and another on a sac fly. In 16.2 innings this month, the righty has allowed 16 earned runs, for an 8.64 ERA. He will take a 6.15 season ERA into his next appearance. Charlie Blackmon - Solo homer in loss Blackmon went 1-for-5 with a solo home run in Sunday's loss to the Twins. Impact Blackmon launched his 12th home run of the season in Sunday's contest. After going on a seven game hit streak, the veteran outfielder went hitless in his last three. After struggling to a .228 batting average in May, Blackmon has done much better in June, slashing .286/.317/.510, bringing his season batting average to .258. Rockies come home looking to redefine season MINNEAPOLIS -- With his 411-foot solo homer in the third inning, Charlie Blackmon gave the Rockies a moment worth folding neatly and packi... Frustration boils over for reeling Rockies in 6-3 loss to Twins The Rockies’ 2022 season in a microcosm materialized in the sixth inning of their 6-3 loss to the Twins Sunday afternoon at Target Field. Kris Bryant - Rejoining team Monday Bryant (back) will rejoin the Rockies on Monday and is expected to be activated from the 10-day injured list during the three-game series versus the Dodgers, Patrick Saunders of Th... Impact Bryant has gone 1-for-13 with a double, two walks and two runs during his four-game rehab assignment with Triple-A Albuquerque, and he's now set to return after spending essentially the past two months on the shelf. The 30-year-old initially returned from the back injury in late May but moved back to the injured list after only three games. Fresh off signing a seven-year, $182 million deal with the Rockies in March, Bryant has played in only 17 games and has a .270/.342/.333 slash line with zero home runs, four RBI and 11 runs scored. Elias Díaz - Gets maintenance day Diaz is out of the lineup for Sunday's game against the Twins, Patrick Saunders of The Denver Post reports. Impact Diaz started the past four games and will receive the day off for the series finale in Minnesota. Bryan Serven will work behind the dish in his place. Randal Grichuk - Out of Sunday's lineup Grichuk is not in the lineup for Sunday's game at Minnesota, Patrick Saunders of The Denver Post reports. José Iglesias - Not starting Sunday Iglesias is out of the lineup for Sunday's game against the Twins, Patrick Saunders of The Denver Post reports. Impact Iglesias has a .631 OPS over his past 10 games and will take a seat for Sunday's series finale. Garrett Hampson will start at shortstop and bat ninth for the Rockies. Antonio Senzatela - Takes loss Saturday Senzatela (3-4) took the loss against Minnesota on Saturday, pitching five innings and allowing four runs on eight hits and two walks while striking out six. Impact Senzatela fell behind by two runs after two innings, and he allowed two more runs in the fifth before exiting. That was more than the Twins needed to claim victory, as a group of five pitchers held Colorado to a single hit in the contest. Senzatela was coming off a strong run of three straight quality starts, but his subpar outing Saturday pushed his season ERA back up to 4.66. A closer look at what's gone wrong for Rox MINNEAPOLIS -- Just last Sunday, when the Rockies completed a home sweep of the Padres and were on a nice run within the National League Wes...

Arts Integration has been defined as an “arts-based approach to teaching and learning” (LaJevic, 2013, p. 2). Arts Integration gives students an opportunity to learn and practice content through meaningful and creative projects, such as acting out the concept, creating posters, or sketching examples of vocabulary terms (McCartney et al., 2017). According to Peppler and Davis (2010), the arts provide students with new opportunities to consider different perspectives and approaches to learning outcomes. Specifically with STEM concepts, arts integration can help increase students’ zest towards learning(McCartney et al., 2017). |Materials:||Art supplies (paper, posters, markers, paint, etc.)| This is an example of the implementation of arts integration in a science classroom for one unit, which can help provide some guidelines as you develop arts integration for your own classroom (McCartney et al., 2017). Does it work? In a study done by McCartney et al. (2017), educators integrated science with arts activities such as acting out their prediction and creating a collage, poster, and pop-up card. As a result of arts integration, the second and third graders learned the science just as well as they would in the control condition, while the fifth graders learned and retained the information better in the experimental condition (McCartney et al., 2017, p. 88). Arts integration also helped students stay engaged and spend more time on task (McCartney et al., 2017, p. 95). Another study interviewed adolescent students following a whole-school arts integration intervention to understand how the intervention improved their learning and engagement (Anderson et al., 2019). Arts were integrated into every subject in the two middle schools observed. In an English Language Arts class, students create tableau vivants, or “living pictures,” to represent key scenes in a novel they were reading. In a science class, students create models of different molecules and elements making up human anatomy. Students in a math class learned about math anxiety and created geometric, three dimensional, “math anxiety monsters.” A few students described that these arts activities allowed them to experience a flow state of heightened engagement. Over a quarter of the participants responded that arts integration increased their motivation and enjoyment in their classes. It was found that arts integration improved students' sense of individuality, expression, autonomy and creativity (Anderson et al., 2019). Anderson, R., Haney, M., Pitts, C., Porter, L. & Bousselot, T. (2019). Mistakes can be beautiful: Creative engagement in arts integration for early adolescent learners. Journal of Creative Behavior, 54(3), 662-675. https://edtechbooks.org/-EsZg LaJevic, L. (2013). Arts integration: What is really happening in the elementary classroom? Journal for Learning through the Arts, 9(1). https://edtechbooks.org/-Ycxi McCartney, E., Mochal, C., Boyd, V., Rule, A. C., & Montgomery, S. E. (2017). Reading nonfiction science literature with and without arts integration. Journal of STEM Arts, Crafts, and Constructions, 2(2), 74-99. https://edtechbooks.org/-mIGK CC BY-NC: This work is released under a CC BY-NC license, which means that you are free to do with it as you please as long as you (1) properly attribute it and (2) do not use it for commercial gain. End-of-Chapter Survey: How would you rate the overall quality of this chapter? - Very Low Quality - Low Quality - Moderate Quality - High Quality - Very High Quality

12/1/07 School Library Journal Large, easy-to-read texts, arranged in blocks with lots of white space around them, describe how these plants grow. Each book begins with a vocabulary preview called "Word Hunt" that introduces seven terms and includes a pronunciation guide and a full-color photograph. While potato seeds are shown on a fingertip to indicate their relative size, the illustration for corn pollen might be confusing because the grains look the same size as the kernels. In Daffodil, the green shoots pushing through the soil are labeled buds ("buhdz"), a rather uncommon usage. Each text describes propagation with clear photographs of bulb cross sections, tubers, corn kernels, and peach pits. A two-page life-cycle illustration summarizes the growth process. These are useful additions that provide well-organized, easy-to-read explanations of plant growth.

The traditional wisdom is that today's wildfires set the stage for tomorrow's healthy forests. But researchers are coming to the conclusion that in a warmer world, with more droughts and more wildfires, the traditional wisdom won't always hold true. You wouldn't know that by looking at Yellowstone National Park, which lost a third of its forest land in a seemingly catastrophic series of wildfires of 1988. Twenty-five years later, the forests are making a stunning comeback. "The forests regenerated so quickly and so abundantly that even we were surprised," said Monica Turner, an ecologist at the University of Wisconsin at Madison who has been monitoring Yellowstone since 1988. The regeneration of Yellowstone looks like a textbook case in nature's resilience to wildfires. Will that always be the case? "We thought Yellowstone would be resilient no matter what," Turner told NBC News. "But the recent climate projections have caused us to question that assumption." Those projections suggest that the incidence of wildfires will increase significantly by the middle of the 21st century, due to warmer, drier weather in the West. That's expected to sap the ability of forests to recover between one fire and the next. Particularly in the Southwest, wide areas of today's forest land could give way to scrublands, or grasslands. In other areas, the mix of trees will shift, favoring drought-tolerant, fire-resistant species. Not even Yellowstone will be immune. "It might be quite different from what it was like in the 20th century," Turner said. Circle of life Fires have been an integral part of the forest's circle of life — not just for centuries, but for eons. Some species, such as the lodgepole pine, depend on wildfires to release their seeds from pine cones for the next generation. Other types of trees, such aspens, quickly regenerate from their roots after a fire. And still others, such as ponderosa pines, benefit from the thinning out that's done by low-intensity, surface-clearing fires. "The news media tend to emphasize the destructive nature of these fires, but they have some benefits as well," said fire ecologist Bill Romme, a professor emeritus at Colorado State University. The concern arises when wildfires become too frequent, or too intense. What happens if one fire resets the circle of life for a stand of lodgepole pine, and then a second fire sweeps through before the next generation can form seeds and cones? What happens when the burned patches of a fir or spruce forest become so wide they can't be reseeded from their surroundings? "Those are some of the things we're starting to work on now," Turner said. Drought plays a huge role — not only during the fire, but afterward as well: The drought and fires that hit Yellowstone in 1988 were followed by a year that was hospitable to the new seedlings, and that contributed to the rapid comeback. In contrast, a rash of wildfires in 2000 was followed by another year of drought in 2001. The regeneration process for the forests affected by those later fires was "much slower," Turner said. The projections produced by Turner and her colleagues suggest that, by 2050, the frequency and extent of Yellowstone's wildfires will accelerate to a pace three to 10 times as fast as it has been historically. "What we would expect is that the area occupied by forest would probably decline," Turner said. "That would probably happen soonest at lower treeline." What to do? Should forest managers return to the vigorous fire suppression policy that was in effect decades before the Yellowstone conflagrations of 1988? The researchers say no. In fact, the prevailing wisdom is that the previous policy of suppressing natural fires only set the stage for overgrowth — and eventually, extreme wildfires. "This approach won’t work — indeed, it has not been working as society has been trying to suppress, and simply is not able to when extreme weather meets extreme hazard fuel conditions," Craig Allen, a research ecologist at the U.S. Geological Survey in Fort Collins, Colo., told NBC News in an email. That doesn't mean the firefighters struggling against the blazes that are ravaging the West this summer should pack up and go home. When human lives and property are at risk, putting out the fire is the highest priority. But studies have shown that low-intensity fires can reduce the incidence of high-intensity fires later. That's why current policies call for letting some wildfires burn under watchful eyes, or intentionally setting fires under the right conditions, or thinning out and cleaning up forests before fire strikes. "They're doing the right things," Romme said, "but they're just not able to do it on as large an area as it needs, or as quickly as it needs to be done." In the years ahead, forest management policies may have to be fine-tuned for a warmer world. "We have to be careful about learning to live with fire and increased risk," Turner said. "We might not want to encourage people to build new structures in places that are likely to burn severely. What we have to do is face what is probably inevitable." That could pose a challenge if climate change accelerates as quickly as many scientists think it will. "A lot of our practices based on past history just aren't going to apply," said Jesse Logan, a retired U.S. Forest Service researcher. "I think there could be some real mistakes in management if we rely completely on historical and prehistorical analysis. They may not be very helpful for formulating policy in the future. It's kind of like looking in the rear-view mirror when you're driving down the highway at 70 miles per hour. You need to concentrate on where you’re going, and not primarily on where you’ve been." More about wildfires: - Yellowstone set for more fires as Earth warms - Blame fires on beetles? Blame climate change instead - NBC News coverage of Western wildfires Alan Boyle is NBCNews.com's science editor. Connect with the Cosmic Log community by "liking" the NBC News Science Facebook page, following @b0yle on Twitter and adding +Alan Boyle to your Google+ presence. To keep up with Cosmic Log as well as NBCNews.com's other stories about science and space, sign up for the Tech & Science newsletter, delivered to your email in-box every weekday. You can also check out "The Case for Pluto," my book about the controversial dwarf planet and the search for new worlds.

I wonder what that is all about? According to users, they installed Intel Centrino Wireless-N driver, and it worked perfectly with their network adapter. I have been struggling for some time with my Wifi adapter Intel Centrino N which ‘disappeared’ after a recent update to Windows Search examples You can search our catalog of processors, chipsets, kits, SSDs, server products and more in several ways. Wi-Fi issues , windows 10 fix. In reply to Mulder42’s post on December 11, In reply wifeless bmpbos’s post on August 30, I still cannot see the wifi adapter in Device manager, but I suppose the number you’re looking for is the same that is recorded untel the Events log? There are Single Band and Dual Band wireless routers and wireless adapters. I will now try the clean installation steps with the new driver – I suspect intel wireless centrino n 2230 it will work immediately after I’ve done it but the question is whether Wifi will still exist when I intel wireless centrino n 2230 back from work tonight!! All information provided is subject to change at any time, without notice. Centruno will be a momentary disruption in network connectivity while the hardware resets. I suppose we can’t fix them all. What is the difference between Boxed and Tray Processors? I rebooted a couple of times, put the computer into standby and woke it up again, and all the time everything seemed to be perfectly ok. Click on Create a power plan. Update — will soon come intel wireless centrino n 2230 an end and we already have a guide on what is the best antivirus you should get in […]. These features are out for good with Windows 10 version By: According to users, they installed Intel Centrino Wireless-N driver, and it worked perfectly with intel wireless centrino n 2230 network adapter. I have recently upgraded to Windows 10 Creators edition, and given the recent wirelss attacks I check for updates every morning before doing anything else just as an additional precaution. I’ll report back if and when I manage to get the card exchanged, and whether that solves the problem. Go to the Compatibility tab. Based on that we will visit TP-Link website and find more information about this device. By now I have upgraded to Windows 10 Creators and I can no longer even try to restore to a point before the incident. I dont know why Intel or Microsoft doing nothing for it thru automatic update. This can be a tedious process, even for advanced users, so it might be better to use uninstaller software. I’ll test it out and see what happens. If they give me another Intel centrino wireless n, then I am bound to have centriho same problems barring my old card has started to have hardware failures. Did you find the information on this site useful? Click on Next to personalize display and sleep options. So I can guarantee you that my Windows is completely up-to-date the problem actually appeared before the upgrade intel wireless centrino n 2230 Creators, but a good intel wireless centrino n 2230 after the move to Windows 10 Anniversary Edition – Wifi was working fine under Windows 10 Anniversary until that one inte that killed it – and which I couldn’t make undone. This is a serious problem – the is Intell working with windows 10 – At least not consistently – which makes debugging this issue so frustrating – numerous wasted hours trying various configurations with absolutely NO reliability. And yes, it’s Windows I have decided to send my laptop into the shop for the intell to be changed. But, if you do not know which wireless card you are using, how you will find out? They intel wireless centrino n 2230 carry a three-year warranty. Staying with win 7 pro for now until the powers that be, actually do something! Solution 1 — Download and install the driver in compatibility mode Intel wireless centrino n 2230 the Intel Driver Update Utility wireless tool to update your Intel drivers. If you’re able to detect the adapter again in device manager, please let wreless know your device ID: In fact after the Windows Update the wifi stopped working. This is what I can find there:.

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Northern and Southern dynasties |Northern and Southern dynasties (420–589)| |Northern dynasties||Southern dynasties| |Northern Wei 386–535| |Liu Song 420–479| |Southern Qi 479–502| |Western Wei 535–557||Eastern Wei 534–550| |Northern Zhou 557–581||Northern Qi 550–577||Chen 557–589| |Northern and Southern dynasties| Approximate territories of the Northern Wei (blue) and Liu Song (maroon) states in 440 Northern and Southern Dynasties by 560 |History of China| |Neolithic c. 8500 – c. 2070 BC| |Xia dynasty c. 2070 – c. 1600 BC| |Shang dynasty c. 1600 – c. 1046 BC| |Zhou dynasty c. 1046 – 256 BC| |Spring and Autumn| |Qin dynasty 221–206 BC| |Han dynasty 206 BC – 220 AD| |Three Kingdoms 220–280| |Wei, Shu and Wu| |Jin dynasty 265–420| |Eastern Jin||Sixteen Kingdoms| |Northern and Southern dynasties |Sui dynasty 581–618| |Tang dynasty 618–907| |(Second Zhou dynasty 690–705)| |Five Dynasties and |Northern Song||Western Xia| |Yuan dynasty 1271–1368| |Ming dynasty 1368–1644| |Qing dynasty 1644–1912| |Republic of China 1912–1949| |People's Republic of China 1949–present| The Northern and Southern dynasties (Chinese: 南北朝; pinyin: Nán-Běi Cháo; Jyutping: naam4baak1 ciu4) was a period in the history of China that lasted from 420 to 589, following the tumultuous era of the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Wu Hu states. It is sometimes considered as the latter part of a longer period known as the Six Dynasties (220 to 589). Though an age of civil war and political chaos, it was also a time of flourishing arts and culture, advancement in technology, and the spread of Mahayana Buddhism and Daoism. The period saw large-scale migration of Han Chinese to the lands south of the Yangtze. The period came to an end with the unification of all of China proper by Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty. During this period, the process of sinicization accelerated among the non-Chinese arrivals in the north and among the indigenous people in the south. This process was also accompanied by the increasing popularity of Buddhism (introduced into China in the 1st century) in both northern and southern China and Daoism gaining influence as well, with two essential Daoist canons written during this period. Notable technological advances occurred during this period. The invention of the stirrup during the earlier Jin dynasty (265–420) helped spur the development of heavy cavalry as a combat standard. Historians also note advances in medicine, astronomy, mathematics, and cartography. Intellectuals of the period include the mathematician and astronomer Zu Chongzhi (429–500). - 1 Background - 2 Northern dynasties - 3 Southern dynasties - 4 Culture - 5 Demographic changes - 6 See also - 7 Notes - 8 References - 9 Further reading - 10 External links After the collapse of a united China under the Han dynasty in 220 due in large part to the Yellow Turban and the Five Pecks of Rice rebellions, China eventually coalesced into the Three Kingdoms. Of these, Cao Wei was the strongest, followed by Eastern Wu and Shu Han, but they were initially in a relatively stable formation. After a 249 coup by Sima Yi, the Sima family essentially controlled Cao Wei and the conquest of Shu by Wei rapidly followed. Following a failed coup by the ruling Cao family against the Sima family, the final Cao ruler abdicated. Sima Yan then founded the Jin Dynasty as Emperor Wu of Jin and the conquest of Wu by Jin occurred in 280, ending the Three Kingdoms period and reuniting China. The Jin dynasty was severely weakened after the War of the Eight Princes from 291-306. During the reigns of Emperor Huai and Emperor Min, the country was put into grave danger with the uprising of the northern non-Han people collectively known as the Five Barbarians. Invading non-Han armies almost destroyed the dynasty in the Disaster of Yongjia of 311, when the Five Barbarians sacked Luoyang. Chang'an met a similar fate in 316. However, a scion of the royal house, Sima Rui, Prince of Langya, fled south of the Huai River to salvage what was left in order to sustain the empire, establishing himself as Emperor Yuan. Cementing their power in the south, the Jin established Jiankang on the existing site of Jianke (now Nanjing) as their new capital, renaming the dynasty as the Eastern Jin since the new capital was located southeast of Luoyang. In the north, the Five Barbarians established numerous kingdoms, leading to the period being known as the Sixteen Kingdoms. Eventually, the Northern Wei conquered the rest of the northern states in 386. Although the Eastern Jin and successive southern dynasties were well-defended from the northern states by placement of naval fleets along the Yangtze, there were still various problems faced with building and maintaining military strength. The designation of specific households for military service in the tuntian system eventually led to a falling out in their social status, causing widespread desertion of troops on many occasions. Faced with shortage of troop numbers, Jin generals were often sent on campaigns to capture non-Chinese people in the south in order to draft them into the military. The Eastern Jin dynasty fell not because of external invasion, however, but because General Liu Yu seized the throne from Emperor Gong and establishing himself as Emperor Wu of Liu Song (r. 420–422), which officially began the Northern and Southern dynasties. The Northern dynasties began in 439 when the Northern Wei conquered the Northern Liang to unite northern China and ended in 589 when Sui dynasty extinguished the Chen dynasty. It can be divided into three time periods: Northern Wei; Eastern and Western Weis; Northern Qi and Northern Zhou. The Northern, Eastern, and Western Wei along with the Northern Zhou were established by the Xianbei people while the Northern Qi was established by Sinicized barbarians. Rise of Northern Wei (386–535) and the Sinicization movement In the Sixteen Kingdoms period, the Tuoba family of the Xianbei were the rulers of the state of Dai (Sixteen Kingdoms). Although it was conquered by the Former Qin, the defeat of the Former Qin at the Battle of Fei River resulted in the collapse of the Former Qin. The grandson of the last prince of Dai Tuoba Shiyijian, Tuoba Gui restored the fortunes of the Tuoba clan, renaming his state Wei (now known as Northern Wei) with its capital at Shengle (near modern Hohhot). Under the rule of Emperors Daowu (Tuoba Gui), Mingyuan, and Taiwu, the Northern Wei progressively expanded. The establishment of the early Northern Wei state and economy was also greatly indebted to the father-son pair of Cui Hong and Cui Hao. Tuoba Gui engaged in numerous conflicts with the Later Yan that ended favorably for the Northern Wei after they received help from Zhang Gun that allowed them to destroy the Later Yan army at the Battle of Canhe Slope. Following this victory, Tuoba Gui conquered the Later Yan capital of Pingcheng (modern day Datong). That same year he declared himself as Emperor Daowu. Due to Emperor Daowu's cruelty, he was killed by his son Tuoba Shao, but crown prince Tuoba Si managed to defeat Tuoba Shao and took the throne as Emperor Mingyuan. Though he managed to conquer Liu Song's province of Henan, he died soon afterwards. Emperor Mingyuan's son Tuoba Tao took the throne as Emperor Taiwu. Due to Emperor Taiwu's energetic efforts, Northern Wei's strength greatly increased, allowing them to repeatedly attack Liu Song. After dealing the Rouran threat to his northern flank, he engaged in a war to unite northern China. With the fall of the Northern Liang in 439, Emperor Taiwu united northern China, ending the Sixteen Kingdoms period and beginning the Northern and Southern dynasties period with their southern rivals, the Liu Song. Even though it was a time of great military strength for the Northern Wei, because of Rouran harassment in the north, they could not fully focus on their southern expeditions. After uniting the north, Emperor Taiwu also conquered the strong Shanshan kingdom and subjugated the other kingdoms of Xiyu, or the Western Regions. In 450, Emperor Taiwu once again attacked the Liu Song and reached Guabu (瓜步, in modern Nanjing, Jiangsu), threatening to cross the river to attack Jiankang, the Liu Song capital. Though up to this point, the Northern Wei military forces dominated the Liu Song forces, they took heavy casualties. The Northern Wei forces plundered numerous households before returning north. At this point, followers of the Buddhist Gai Wu (蓋吳) rebelled. After pacifying this rebellion, Emperor Taiwu, under the advice of his Daoist prime minister Cui Hao, proscribed Buddhism, in the first of the Three Disasters of Wu. At this late stage in his life, Emperor Taiwu meted out cruel punishments, which led to his death in 452 at the hands of the eunuch Zong Ai. This sparked off turmoil that only ended with the ascension of Emperor Wencheng later that same year. In the first half of the Northern Wei dynasty (386–534), the Xianbei steppe tribesmen who dominated northern China kept a policy of strict social distinction between them and their Chinese subjects. Chinese were drafted into the bureaucracy, employed as officials to collect taxes, etc. However, the Chinese were kept out of many higher positions of power. They also represented the minority of the populace where centers of power were located. Widespread social and cultural transformation in northern China came with Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei (reigned 471–499), whose father was a Xianbei, but whose mother was Chinese. Although of the Tuoba Clan from the Xianbei tribe, Emperor Xiaowen asserted his dual Xianbei-Chinese identity, renaming his own clan after the Chinese Yuan (元 meaning "elemental" or "origin"). In the year 493 Emperor Xiaowen instituted a new sinification program that had the Xianbei elites conform to many Chinese standards. These social reforms included donning Chinese clothing (banning Xianbei clothing at court), learning the Chinese language (if under the age of thirty), applied one-character Chinese surnames to Xianbei families, and encouraged the clans of high-ranking Xianbei and Chinese families to intermarry. Emperor Xiaowen also moved the capital city from Pingcheng to one of China's old imperial sites, Luoyang, which had been the capital during the earlier Eastern Han and Western Jin dynasties. The new capital at Luoyang was revived and transformed, with roughly 150,000 Xianbei and other northern warriors moved from north to south to fill new ranks for the capital by the year 495. Within a couple decades, the population rose to about half a million residents, and was famed for being home to over a thousand Buddhist temples. Defectors from the south, such as Wang Su of the prestigious Langye Wang family, were largely accommodated and felt at home with the establishment of their own Wu quarter in Luoyang (this quarter of the city was home to over three thousand families). They were even served tea (by this time gaining popularity in southern China) at court instead of yogurt drinks commonly found in the north. In the year 523, Prince Dongyang of the Northern Wei was sent to Dunhuang to serve as its governor for a term of fifteen years. With the religious force of Buddhism gaining mainstream acceptance in Chinese society, Prince Dongyang and local wealthy families set out to establish a monumental project in honor of Buddhism, carving and decorating Cave 285 of the Mogao Caves with beautiful statues and murals. This promotion of the arts would continue for centuries at Dunhuang, and is now one of China's greatest tourist attractions. In that same year of 523 a revolt of several military garrisons was caused by a food shortage far north of Luoyang. After this was suppressed, the government had 200,000 surrendered garrison rebels deployed to Hebei, which proved later to be a mistake when a former garrison officer organized another rebellion in the years 526–527. The Wei court was betrayed by one of their own generals, who had the empress dowager and the young emperor thrown into the Yellow River, while establishing his own puppet ruler to maintain authority. As conflict swelled in the north between successive leaders, Gao Huan took control of the east and Luoyang (holding Emperor Xiaojing of Eastern Wei as a puppet ruler) by 534, while his rival Yuwen Tai took control of the west and the traditional Chinese capital of Chang'an by 535. Eventually, Gao Huan's son Gao Yang forced the Eastern Wei emperor to abdicate in favor of his claim to the throne, establishing the Northern Qi dynasty (551–577). Afterwards, Yuwen Tai's son Yuwen Jue seized the throne of power from Emperor Gong of Western Wei, establishing the Northern Zhou dynasty (557–580). The Northern Zhou dynasty was able to defeat and conquer Northern Qi in 577, reunifying the north. However, this success was short-lived, as the Northern Zhou was overthrown in 581 by Yang Jian, who became Emperor Wen of Sui. With greater military power and morale, along with convincing propaganda that the Chen dynasty ruler Chen Shubao was a decadent ruler who had lost the Mandate of Heaven, the Sui Dynasty was able to effectively conquer the south. After this conquest, the whole of China entered a new golden age of reunification under the centralization of the short-lived Sui dynasty and succeeding Tang dynasty (618–907). Eastern Wei (534–550) Western Wei (535–557) Northern Qi (550–577) Northern Zhou (557–581) The Jin were succeeded by a series of short-lived dynasties: Liu Song (420–479), Southern Qi (479–502), Liang (502–557) and Chen (557–589). Because all of these dynasties had their capital at Jiankang except Liang, they are sometimes grouped together with Eastern Wu and Eastern Jin as the Six Dynasties. The rulers of these short-lived dynasties were generals who seized and then held power for several decades but were unable to securely pass power of rule onto their heirs to continue their dynasty successfully. Emperor Wu of Liang (502–549) was the most notable ruler of his age, being a patron of the arts and of Buddhism. Under the later waning leadership of the Chen dynasty, the southern Chinese were unable to resist the military power amassed in the north by Yang Jian, who declared himself Emperor Wen of Sui and invaded the south. Liu Song (420–479) Liu Song founder Liu Yu was originally a leader of the Army of the Northern Garrison (Chinese: 北府軍) that notably won the Battle of Fei River in 383. In 404, he helped suppress Huan Xuan's rebellion, leading to his dominance over the Eastern Jin court. In order to gain popularity to take the throne he led expeditions against the Sixteen Kingdoms, capturing Shandong, Henan and, briefly, Guanzhong by 416. He gave up Guanzhong to try to take the throne. Because he believed in a prophecy saying there would be one more emperor after Emperor An, he deposed the former and, soon afterwards, his replacement, Emperor Gong in 420, ending the Eastern Jin dynasty. Even after crowning himself Emperor Wu, Liu Yu remained frugal. However, he did not care for education and trusted unsavory people. He felt that the nobility had too much power, so he tended to appoint the lower classes to government positions and gave military power to imperial kinsmen. Ironically, because the imperial kinsmen stabilized their military power and wished to gain political power, Emperor Wu was afraid they would have thoughts of usurping the throne. Thus, he also frequently killed his kinsmen. After the death of Emperor Wu, his son Emperor Shao ruled briefly before being judged incompetent and killed by government officials led by Xu Xianzhi, replacing him with Emperor Wen, a different son, who soon killed the officials who supported him. Emperor Wen's reign was a period of relative political stability because of his frugality and good government; the period was called the Reign of Yuanjia (Chinese: 元嘉之治). In 430, Emperor Wen started a number of northern expeditions against Northern Wei. These were ineffective because of insufficient preparations and excessive micromanagement of his generals, decreasing weakening the dynasty. Because of his jealousy of Tan Daoji, a noted leader of the Army of the Northern Garrison, he deprived himself of a formidable general to the great delight of the Northern Wei. Thus, they were unable to capitalize when Northern Wei suffered the Wuqi Incident. Starting in 445, Northern Wei, taking advantage of Liu Song's weakness, made major incursions in the lands between the Yangtze and the Huai (modern Shandong, Hebei, and Henan) and devastating six provinces. Emperor Wen lamented that if Tan were still alive, he would have prevented Northern Wei advances. From then on, Liu Song was in a weakened state. Emperor Wen was assassinated by Crown Prince Shao and Second Prince Jun in 453 after planning to punish them for witchcraft. However, they were both defeated by Third Prince Jun, who become Emperor Xiaowu. proved to be licentious and cruel, supposedly committing incest with the daughters of an uncle who had helped him gain the throne; his rivals also claimed he had incest with his mother. This led to two rebellions by the imperial clan, one of which saw him slaughter the inhabitants of Guangling. The following ballad gives an idea of those times: - 遙望建康城， Looking toward Jiankang city - 小江逆流縈， the little river flows against the current - 前見子殺父， in front, one sees sons killing fathers - 後見弟殺兄。 and behind, one sees younger brothers killing older brothers [a] Emperor Xiaowu died naturally in 464 and was succeeded by his son, who became Emperor Qianfei. Emperor Qianfei proved to be similar to his father, engaging in both kin-slaughter and incest. In a scandalous move, because his sister complained about how it was unfair that men were allowed 10,000 concubines, he gave her 30 handsome young men as lovers. His uncle Liu Yu, the Prince of Xiangdong, whom he called the "Prince of Pigs" for his obesity, eventually assassinated him and became Emperor Ming. Emperor Ming began his reign by killing all the descendants of Emperor Xiaowu, and his suspicious nature resulted in the loss of the provinces north of the Huai River, which were only briefly regained in the other Southern dynasties. Emperor Ming's young son became Emperor Houfei. The political situation was volatile. General Xiao Daocheng slowly gained power and eventually deposed Emperor Houfei in favor of his brother, who became Emperor Shun. After defeating the rival general Shen Youzhi, Xiao forced Emperor Shun to yield to throne and crowned himself Emperor Gao of Southern Qi, thus ending the Liu Song dynasty. Southern Qi (479–502) Though distantly related, the Southern Qi and the following Liang dynasty were members of the Xiao (蕭) family from Lanling (蘭陵, in modern Cangshan County, Shandong). Because Emperor Gao had a low social standing, he earned the disdain of nobility. His style of governance was similar to the early style of the Liu Song dynasty and was very economical. He died in the fourth year of his reign and his heir, who was only 13 years younger than him, succeeded him as Emperor Wu of Southern Qi. Emperor Wu made peace with the Northern Wei, content to protect his borders. This period of peace was known as Yongming Administration (永明之治). He also used government secretaries (典簽官) appointed with provincial governors and members of the imperial clan to monitor them. The short reigns of Emperor Wu's grandsons, Xiao Zhaoye and Xiao Zhaowen (his first son predeceased him), were dominated by Xiao Luan, Emperor's Wu's first cousin. He killed them in turn and crowned himself as Emperor Ming of Southern Qi. Using the government secretaries (典簽官), he slaughtered all the descendants of Emperors Gao and Wu. Emperor Ming soon became very ill and started following Daoism, changing his whole wardrobe to red. He also passed an edict making officials try to find silver fish (銀魚). He died in 498 and was succeeded by his son Xiao Baojuan, who killed high officials and governors at whim, sparking many revolts. The final revolt in 501 started after Xiao Baojun killed his prime minister Xiao Yi, leading his brother Xiao Yan to revolt under the banner of Xiao Baojun's brother who was declared Emperor He of Southern Qi. Xiao Baojun was killed by one of his generals during the siege of his capital at Jiankang, and after a short puppet reign by Emperor He, Xiao Yan overthrew the Southern Qi and established the Liang dynasty. Emperor Wu was economical, worked hard at governing, and cared for the common people. His early reign was known as Reign of Tianjian (天監之治). The Liang dynasty's military strength gradually surpassed the strength of the Northern Wei, who suffered internal strife due to their policy of sinicization. In 503, the Northern Wei invaded but were defeated at Zhongli (modern Bengbu). Emperor Wu supported the Northern Expeditions but did not aggressively take advantage of his victory in 516 at Shouyang due to heavy casualties. Given the excessive kin-slaughter in the Liu Song and Southern Qi dynasties, Emperor Wu was very lenient to imperial clansmen, not even investigating them when they committed crimes. Because he was very learned, supported scholars, and encouraged the flourishing education system, the Liang dynasty reached a cultural peak. An avid poet, Emperor Wu was fond of gathering many literary talents at court, and even held poetry competitions with prizes of gold or silk for those considered the best. In his later years, however, sycophants surrounded him. Three times he dedicated his life (捨身) to Buddhism and tried to become a monk, but each time he was persuaded to return by extravagant court donations to Buddhism. Furthermore, since Buddhists and Daoists were exempt from taxation, nearly half of the population fraudulently named themselves as such, badly damaging state finances. Imperial clansmen and officials were also greedy and wasteful. Emperor Wu was willing to accept generals who defected from Northern Wei. So when Northern Wei suffered major revolts in their northern garrison towns, he sent his general Chen Qingzhi to support the pretender Yuan Hao. Despite the fact that Chen was only given 7,000 troops, he still managed to defeat army after army and even captured Luoyang, the capital of Northern Wei. Ultimately, Chen was insufficiently supplied and was defeated by troops ten times his size. After the Northern Wei split into Eastern and Western Wei, Emperor Wu granted asylum to rebel Eastern Wei commander Hou Jing, sending him on Northern Expeditions against Eastern Wei. After some initial successes, Liang forces were decisively defeated. Rumors abounded that Emperor Wu intended to give Hou as a peace offering. Despite Emperor Wu's assurances, Hou decided to rebel in the name of Xiao Dong, the grandson of the former crown prince Xiao Tong who died in 531 and was removed from crown prince because of conflicts with his father. Hou surprised Emperor Liang by besieging the Liang capital at Jiankang. Attempts by Liang forces to break the siege failed, and Emperor Wu was forced to negotiate a ceasefire and peace. However, Hou thought that peace was unsustainable, so he broke the ceasefire and captured the palace, leading to the slaughter of the nearby populace. Emperor Wu was starved to death and after the short puppet reigns of crown prince Xiao Gang and Xiao Dong, Hou seized power and established the Han dynasty. In spite of conquering Jiankang, Hou essentially only controlled the nearby areas. The rest of the Liang dynasty lands were under the control of members of the imperial clan. Their squabbling amongst themselves weakened their efforts to defeat Hou. In the end, Xiao Yi with the aid of his generals Wang Sengbian and Chen Baxian defeated Hou, crowning himself Emperor Yuan of Liang. His brother Xiao Ji based in Sichuan was still a major threat. Emperor Yuan asked for assistance from Western Wei to defeat Xiao Ji, but after subduing Xiao Ji, they kept Sichuan. Due to a diplomatic faux pas, he incited the anger of Yuwen Tai, the leading general of Western Wei, which resulted in him being deposed and dying. Western Wei set up the puppet state of Western Liang with capital at Jiangling. Northern Qi also had designs on the Liang throne and sent an expedition under the banner of a cousin of Emperor Yuan. Chen Baxian and Wang Sengbian set up the last surviving son of Emperor Yuan, Xiao Fangzhi, as Liang ruler, but he was not given the imperial title. After some defeats to the forces of Northern Qi, Wang Sengbian allowed their pretender, Xiao Yuanming to establish himself as Emperor Min of Liang. However, Chen Baxian was displeased with the arrangements, and in a surprise move killed Wang and deposed Emperor Min in favor of Xiao Fangzhi who became Emperor Jing of Liang. After a short reign, Chen deposed Emperor Jing and took power himself as Emperor Wu of Chen in 557. Emperor Wu of Chen came from the region of Wu (a region near modern-day Shanghai). At that time, due to the Hou Jing rebellion, the Qiao and Wu clans were greatly weakened, and many independent regimes emerged. Emperor Wu could not pacify all the independent regimes, so he adopted conciliatory measures. After the sudden death of Emperor Wu, his nephew Chen Qian took power as Emperor Wen of Chen. After the fall of Liang, the general Wang Lin had established an independent kingdom based in modern-day Hunan and Hubei provinces and was now starting to cause trouble. Wang Lin allied with Northern Zhou and Northern Qi to conquer the Chen capital at Jiankang. Emperor Wen first defeated the combined forces of Northern Qi and Wang Lin before preventing the forces of Northern Zhou from entering the South at Yueyang. Furthermore, through Emperor Wen's extensive efforts at good governance, the economic situation of the South was greatly improved, restoring his kingdom's national strength. Following the death of Emperor Wen, his son, the weak-willed Chen Bozong, took power and became Emperor Fei of Chen. His uncle, Chen Xu, after essentially controlling the country through his short reign, eventually deposed him and took power as Emperor Xuan of Chen. At that time, the Northern Zhou intended to conquer Northern Qi and thus invited the Chen dynasty to help. Emperor Xuan agreed to help because he wanted to recover the lost territories south of the Huai River. In 573, he sent general Wu Mingche to assist the effort; in two years, he managed to recover he lost territories south of the Huai River. At the time, Northern Qi was in a precarious situation with little military strength and Emperor Xuan could have taken advantage of the opportunity to entirely defeat Northern Qi. However, he only wanted to protect his territories south of the Huai River. Northern Zhou instead took advantage of Northern Qi's weakness and following their defeat of Northern Qi, in 577, they sent troops to the territories south of the Huai River, where they decisively defeated the Chen dynasty forces. The Chen dynasty was in imminent danger. In a stroke of fortune, Northern Zhou's Emperor Wu suddenly died and his general Yang Jian attempted to take the throne. This stopped the southern advance of the Northern Troops. The respite was short though as after Yang Jian defeated his rival General Yuchi Jiong, he usurped the throne from Emperor Jing of Northern Zhou and established the Sui dynasty, crowning himself Emperor Wen of Sui. He proceeded to invade the south to reunify China. Emperor Xuan had just died and his incompetent son Chen Shubao (Houzhu of Chen) took power. He was licentious and wasteful, resulting in chaos and corruption in the government; many officials heavily exploited the people, causing great suffering. In planning tactics to defeat the Chen dynasty, Emperor Wen of Sui took the suggestion of his general Gao Jiong and waited until the South were harvesting their crops to entirely burn the farmland, crippling the strength of the Chen dynasty. In 588, Emperor Wen of Sui sent his son Yang Guang (who would become Emperor Yang of Sui) to finally vanquish the Chen dynasty. Chen Shubao relied on the natural barrier of the Yangtze River and continued as always with his festive and licentious activities. The next year, Sui forces captured the Chen capital of Jiankang. Chen Shubao and his favorite concubine Zhang Lihua attempted to hide in a well but eventually were captured by Sui forces, thus ending the Chen dynasty. Confucianism's unchallenged domination of Chinese culture and thought was greatly weakened during the Jin dynasty, which led to a wide diversification of political thought and philosophy by the time of the Northern and Southern dynasties. This era produced a myriad of writers that advocated practical systems of governance and administration, such as Cao Cao and Zhuge Liang in the Three Kingdoms Period, Wang Dao and Bao Jingyan of the Eastern Jin, as well as Fan Zhen, Xing Shao (Chinese: 邢邵), and Fan Xun (Chinese: 樊遜) of the Northern and Southern period. Much of the philosophy of the period is despondent and dispirited, and a number of scholars and poets became reclusive mountain hermits living apart from society. Of these various trends, the most influential was Neo-Daoism (Chinese: 玄學; pinyin: Xuánxué). Neo-Daoism was highly influential during the Southern Dynasty, to the point that Emperor Wen of Liu Song established a Neo-Daoist Academy and promoted it, along with Confucianism, literature, and history, as the four great subjects of study. A phenomenon known as "empty chat" (Chinese: 清談; pinyin: Qīng tán) became common, where educated men would meet and talk about philosophy all day without paying any attention to "mundane" things such as their profession or family. The phenomenon gradually waned during the Sui dynasty, though it did not fully disappear until the Tang dynasty. Literature was particularly vibrant during the Southern Dynasty and tended to be flowery and frilly, while Northern Dynasty literature was rougher and more straightforward. Notable writers include Yu Xin, Xing Fang, Wei Shou, and Wen Zisheng of the Northern Dynasty. In poetry, fu poetry continued to be a dominant genre, though the five-syllable form that achieved great prominence during the Tang dynasty gradually increased in popularity. In the Southern Dynasty, a type of essay known as pian wen (Chinese: 駢文), which used metered rhyme, flowery language, and classical allusions, became popular. Writings often spoke of removing oneself from everyday material existence and jettisoning cares and anxiety. Poets of the Northern and Southern dynasties focused on imitating older classical poets of Ancient China, formalizing the rhyme patterns and meters that governed poem composition. However, scholars realized that ancient songs and poems, like those of the Shijing, in many instances no longer rhymed due to sound shifts over the previous centuries. The introduction of Buddhism to China, which began in the late Han dynasty and continued through the Tang dynasty, introduced Chinese scholars to Sanskrit. The Brahmi script, with its sophisticated phonological organization, arrived in China in the 5th century, and was studied by Xie Lingyun, who produced a (since-lost) glossary of Chinese transcriptions of Sanskrit terms "arranged according to the 14 sounds". The four tones of early Middle Chinese were first described by Shen Yue and Zhou Yong. The southern dynasties of China were rich in cultural achievement, with the flourishing of Buddhism and Daoism, especially the latter as two new canons of scriptual writings were created for the Supreme Purity sect and its rival the Numinous Treasure Sect. The southern Chinese were influenced greatly by the writings of Buddhist monks such as Huiyuan, who applied familiar Daoist terms to describe Buddhism for other Chinese. The Chinese were in contact and influenced by cultures of India and trading partners farther south, such as the kingdoms of Funan and Champa (located in modern-day Cambodia and Vietnam). The sophistication and complexity of the Chinese arts of poetry, calligraphy, painting, and playing of music reached new heights during this age. The earlier Cao Zhi, son of Cao Cao, is regarded as one of the greatest poets of his day. His style and deep emotional expression in writing influenced later poets of this new age, such as Tao Qian (365–427) or Tao Yuanming. Even during his lifetime, the written calligraphy of the "Sage of Calligraphy", Wang Xizhi (307–365), was prized by many and considered a true form of personal expression like other arts. Painting became highly prized with artists such as Gu Kaizhi (344–406), who largely established the tradition of landscape art in classical Chinese painting (to learn more, refer to the "Far East" section of the article for Painting). Institutions of learning in the south were also renowned, including the Zongmingguan (Imperial Nanjing University), where the famed Zu Chongzhi (mentioned above) had studied. Zu Chongzhi devised the new Daming Calendar in 465, calculated one year as 365.24281481 days (which is very close to 365.24219878 days as we know today), and calculated the number of overlaps between sun and moon as 27.21223 (which is very close to 27.21222 as we know today). Using this number he successfully predicted 4 eclipses during a period of 23 years (from 436 to 459). Although multiple-story towers such as guard towers and residential apartments existed in previous periods, during this period the distinct Chinese pagoda tower (for storing Buddhist scriptures) evolved from the stupa, the latter originating from Buddhist traditions of protecting sutras in ancient India. It was during the Northern and Southern dynasties period that the earliest recorded migration of ethnic Han Chinese to southern China (below the Yangtze River) took place. This sinicisation helped to develop the region from its previous state of being inhabited by only small and isolated communities separated by vast uncolonized wilderness of non-Chinese tribes. During this period, the south went from being nearly a frontier to being on a path to the thriving, urbanized, sinicized region that it became in later centuries. In his book Buddhism in Chinese History, Arthur F. Wright points out this fact by stating: "When we speak of the area of the Yangtze valley and below in the period of disunion, we must banish from our minds the picture of the densely populated, intensively cultivated South China of recent centuries. When the aristocrats of the remnants of the Chin [Jin] ruling house fled to the Nanking [Nanjing] area early in the 4th century, the south contained perhaps a tenth of the population of China. There were centers of Chinese culture and administration, but around most of these lay vast uncolonized areas into which Chinese settlers were slow to move". - Chinese sovereign - List of tributaries of Imperial China - Buddhism in China - Empress Dowager Hu (Northern Wei) - Yan Zhitui - Gascoigne, Bamber (2003). The dynasties of China : a history (1st Carroll & Graf ed.). New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers. ISBN 978-0786712199. - Zou Jiwan 邹纪万, 1992. Wei-Jin-Nan-Bei Chao de Xueshu yu Xinyang 魏晋南北朝的学术与信仰, in Zhongguo Tongshi 中国通史, vol. 5, 165. - Zou, 168 - Pulleyblank, Edwin G. (1999). "Chinese traditional phonology". Asia Major. 12 (2): 101–137. JSTOR 41645549. pp. 107–108. - Baxter, William H. (1992). A Handbook of Old Chinese Phonology. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. p. 303. ISBN 978-3-11-012324-1. - Art Gallery NSW - Wright, Arthur F. (1959). Buddhism in Chinese History. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Page 44. - Boodberg, Peter A. (1938). "Marginalia to The Histories of The Northern Dynasties". Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies. 3 (3/4): 223–253. JSTOR 2717776. - ——— (1939). "Marginalia to The Histories of The Northern Dynasties". Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies. 4 (3/4): 230–283. JSTOR 2717776. - Graff, David A. Medieval Chinese Warfare, 300–900. ISBN 0-415-23954-0. - Ebrey, Patricia Buckley; Walthall, Anne; Palais, James B. (2006). East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 978-0-618-13384-0. - Lewis, Mark Edward (2009). China between Empires: The Northern and Southern Dynasties. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-02605-6. - Miller, Roy Andrew (1959): Accounts of Western Nations in the History of the Northern Chou Dynasty. University of California Press. - Wright, Arthur F. (1959). Buddhism in Chinese History. Stanford: Stanford University Press. - Period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties - Early Imperial China: A Working Collection of Resources |Wikimedia Commons has media related to Southern and Northern Dynasties in China.| |Dynasties in Chinese history

Over the weekend I took the family up to Reading under the guise of some shopping and looking around. What Mrs Lee was not aware of was that the shopping was at the Reading Leisure Center in the form of a gaming trade show convention called Warfare! :) The main reason for the trip was to pick up some paints, and get into a new game for the club called Saga Viking Age from Gripping Beast. But we also then had to pick up a few more things. One for junior and one for Mrs Lee.. Junior is still obsessed with the Lizardmen of GW, so we picked up a Razorspine Rattler from Malifaux. Cause well.. it is a reptile in the end :) Mrs Lee was not overly impressed with my ruse on her, but said that she liked the Oiran from the same game, and would like me to do a small diorama with it for her in compensation. Simple enough, even though the figures are beyond tiny!! Expect a small review of them soon! I also picked up some vines in different colors from miniNatur.. which I thought I had, but turns out I didn't good thing for gaming conventions so close right? :D But the main purchase was the Saga Viking Age starter box of Scots. Their dice ( cause apparently that is important ) and the main rulebook ( which after getting home I see that they don't have the Scots attacks! Doh! And that the Scots book is out of stock on their website! Double Doh! ). Anyways.. let's see what is inside anyways eh? So I picked up the Scots 6 pts boxset. Mostly because it came with a cooler looking Warlord model, and the fatigue markers. Plus I also have some levies in there for ranged support! That and I like options when playing a new game and figure this is a good way to get them! I also picked up the main rulesbook ( though the guy at the stall when I asked about it didn't say anything concerning no sheets for Scots there! ) and the Scots dice. I have mostly everything that I need now to play as the models included are: - Warlord - 3x4 Hearthguards - 2x8 Warriors - 1x12 Levies With each section being worth 1 point giving me 6 pts worth of troops. Which I have to admit is pretty cool to see, and very easy to make up lists then when you know this. And with that, I immediately took to the FB page for our club and asked if anyone was around this week for a demo.. to which one said yes! Huzzah! With the spur of momentum to get in a game I put the Viking Bust aside for the weekend ( as I was still waiting for the Oils to dry in some parts anyways ) and began to assemble the Scots! I really have to say that the flash, mold lines, and hands to hold the weapons on these models are horrible. I spent far longer than I would have appreciated to get these prepped and there are still issues on numerous locations on them. But as they are gaming pieces, I am not going to spend an overly huge amount of time on them. Biggest part I spent time on though was drilling out, or carving out spaces on the hands to hold weapons. Once that was all sorted, then I glued them to the bases. For the warlord, since he is the warlord afterall, I placed some Cork down to make him a bit higher up and more important. He is already on a larger base ( set out from the game ) and I don't know if being taller gives pluses or negatives to gaming, but from a modelling point of view he looks more imposing! And that is all that I wanted to have here. For simple bases I applyed Vallejo stone Texture to the bases.. and then dipped them into some sand at points to give it a bit more variety as well. Along with weapons the force was looking pretty deadly! And by deadly I mean pointy and going to hurt me if I don't watch where I am placing my hands. The only issue I saw with the assembling of the weapons though is also the fact that the boxset did not come with enough spears for all models. And that I have to put some with swords and axes instead. Not the same as what is shown on the back of the box where almost everyone has a spear, so I am unsure if this means anything in game terms but we will see in time. For now I made 8 of the Hearthguards, the elite of the army, with hand weapons like swords and axes instead. And the warriors plus 4 hearthguards get spears. With the levies getting their bows as they should. To kick things off though I figured I should start painting up the warlord, and his elites, the hearthguards. I know some will say, but Mr Lee.. hey are all the same colors here? How can that be when they are all individuals! Well.. my thinking if pretty simple here. I want this clan of Scots to be from Aberdeen, and belong to the Clan Cruickshank! Which would be my real family name outside of this blog for those of you wondering :D And with that, our clan tartan is from Clan Stewart and is red. Though I would do a bit of variations with it in places, and will modify it a bit more also on each one but with the core color being the same. To give them the look like they all come from the same family clan, but with small variations or differences in the family between them. Overall they are OK.. I was struggling to find the appropriate second color for their cloaks and went with greens and browns for the most parts there. Brown basing colors with some drybrushing made the bases easy to work with. And I will add some tufts of grass to them later on also to give them some more variety as well. I had painted up the first tartan pattern for the first Scot here, but looking at it outside of the bright desk lamp it was far too dark. Which is normal for the regular clan tartan which is quite dark but doesn't translate well to such small figures. So I then replaced the black with a strip of off White instead. And ( aside from the filter placed from my camera ) there is an immediate impact. And makes the tartan pattern less dark overall which is nice. Will see how it looks once I put the grass on it, and then begin to add the shields. In the meantime, I just need to finish off the tartans to the rest of the Elites and Warlord and then I can begin work on the first batch of Warriors! Should probably have a majority of this army finished before week's end if I focused on it. Let's see how it goes... and expect a quick review of the game itself this week as well! Looking great! Wow I didn't expect you to go from purchased to painted in a single post :). The off white strip definitely improves the model. I liked the story about the misses. My lady attended Nova with me (as an observer, and to just relax in a hotel), and then hounded me constantly until I bought an Imperial knight (her favorite of the models). :) Yeah it was good to take the whole family out as it was the first show that the Mrs has been to in quite a while ( if ever actually! ). And yes.. I have to say that the models and game inspired me to work on them immediately.. which is not new but also shows my lack of discipline to finish things! :D Let's see how they crack on to be turning out like as a full on force! Wow great job! From purchase to paint in a post! I agree! Amazing! BTW, my wife would be PISSED at me if I pulled that on her.

<issue_start><issue_comment>Title: When trying to run ansible-lint from current master, it crashes username_0: ##### Summary ``` $ ansible-lint . Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/ansible-lint", line 33, in <module> sys.exit(load_entry_point('ansible-lint', 'console_scripts', 'ansible-lint')()) File "/usr/bin/ansible-lint", line 25, in importlib_load_entry_point return next(matches).load() File "/usr/lib/python3.9/importlib/metadata.py", line 77, in load module = import_module(match.group('module')) File "/usr/lib/python3.9/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level) File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1030, in _gcd_import File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1007, in _find_and_load File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 986, in _find_and_load_unlocked File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 680, in _load_unlocked File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 790, in exec_module File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 228, in _call_with_frames_removed File "/path/to/ansible-lint/lib/ansiblelint/__main__.py", line 33, in <module> from ansiblelint.color import console, console_options, console_stderr, reconfigure, render_yaml File "/path/to/ansible-lint/lib/ansiblelint/color.py", line 24, in <module> console_stderr = Console(**console_options, stderr=True) TypeError: __init__() got an unexpected keyword argument 'soft_wrap' ``` I have: ``` $ pip show rich Name: rich Version: 9.4.0 Summary: Render rich text, tables, progress bars, syntax highlighting, markdown and more to the terminal Home-page: https://github.com/willmcgugan/rich Author: <NAME> Author-email: <EMAIL> License: MIT Location: /usr/lib/python3.9/site-packages Requires: pygments, commonmark, colorama, typing-extensions Required-by: ansible-lint ``` It looks to me this only works with https://github.com/willmcgugan/rich/pull/347 which will not get merged. ##### Issue Type - Bug Report ##### Ansible and Ansible Lint details Installed from e7607a900809b12b4b5b3606570d875962d57110 (current master). <issue_comment>username_0: This problem was introduced in #1088 two days ago. <issue_comment>username_1: @username_0 Have you tried to run `pip check` first? I bet you have some outdated dependencies as rich already implemented this feature: https://github.com/willmcgugan/rich/blob/6b748283c2e0b12018965367c19d17d8077525af/rich/console.py#L429 I guess you are using editable install and you pull new version without running install again and ended with some outdated deps, likely rich itself. <issue_comment>username_0: @username_1 I noticed I have a "too old" version of rich, 9.4.0 (from December 12th) as opposed to the latest 9.5.1 (from December 9.5.1). This is still a problem with ansible-lint though, since I explicitly installed ansible-lint from git, and it did not ensure that a new enough rich version is installed. It simply requires rich, not rich >= 9.5.0 (what I would assume to be the correct dependency).<issue_closed>

Date: August 22, 2013 Revised Date: August 9, 2017 Responsibility: Superintendent of Safe Schools The Near North District School Board Policy Statement on Bullying The Near North District School Board recognizes that bullying: - adversely affects a student’s ability to learn; - adversely affects the school climate, including healthy relationships; - will not be accepted on school property, at school-related activities, on school buses, or in any other circumstances (e.g., online) where engaging in bullying will have a negative impact on the school climate. Providing students with an opportunity to learn and develop in a safe and respectful society is a shared responsibility in which the board and our schools play an important role. Schools with bullying prevention and intervention strategies foster a positive learning and teaching environment that supports academic achievement for all students and that helps students reach their full potential. Bullying prevention and intervention strategies must be modeled by all members of the school community. “A positive school climate makes negative behaviors such as bullying and harassment unacceptable” Pepler and Craig, 2004 - The Near North District School Board is committed to the establishment of safe, inclusive and accepting school environments in order to maximize the learning potential of all students. There is conclusive research that shows that for students to reach their full potential, they must feel safe, included, and engaged in school. - Bullying is associated with a range of physical and mental health problems, as well as educational problems, antisocial problems, and relationship problems. Experts call for early intervention for both the child who is victimized by bullying and the child who bullies. Without support, children who bully appear to learn how to use power and aggression to dominate others (Craig, Pepler, Murphy 2010). There is a growing base of knowledge and evidence about what works. The Promoting Relationships and Eliminating Violence Network (PREVNet) provides comprehensive information on their website about bullying and how to address it. - An inclusive social climate based on caring and respectful relationships among and between students, teachers, school staff, parents and administrators is generally accepted as a necessary supporting condition for learning (UNESCO Institute for Statistics 2012). - Committed leadership and ongoing collaboration at all levels (e.g., individual, classroom, school, parent, board, community) among everyone involved are key factors to the success of a whole school approach. - A whole school approach engages all key learning areas, all grades and the wider community. All aspects of school life are considered, such as policies and procedures, curriculum, school climate, teaching and assessment practices, co-curricular and leadership opportunities. - Data should be used to inform the development of bullying prevention and intervention plans, including the section of evidence-informed programs and practices. A pre-and post-evaluation strategy is critical. The Education Act subsection 1(1) defines bullying as follows: “Bullying” means aggressive and typically repeated behavior by a pupil where; (a) the behavior is intended by the pupil to have the effect of, or the pupil ought to know that the behavior would be likely to have the effect of, - (i) causing harm, fear or distress to another individual, including physical, psychological, social or academic harm, harm to the individual’s reputation or harm to the individual’s property, or - (ii) creating a negative environment as a school for another individual, and (b) the behavior occurs in a context where there is a real or perceived power imbalance between the pupil and the individual based on factors such as size, strength, age, intelligence, peer group power, economic status, social status, religion, ethnic origin, sexual orientation, family circumstances, gender, gender identity, gender expression, race, disability or the receipt of special education; (18.104.22.168) For the purposes of the definition of “bullying” in subsection (1), behavior includes the use of any physical, verbal, electronic, written or other means. (22.214.171.124) For the purposes of the definition of “bullying” in subsection (1), bullying includes bullying by electronic means (commonly known as cyber-bullying), including, - (a) creating a web page or a blog in which the creator assumes the identity of another person; - (b) impersonating another person as the author of content or messages posted on the internet; and - (c) communicating material electronically to more than one individual or posting material on a website that may be accessed by one or more individuals. Aggressive behavior may be intentional or unintentional, direct or indirect. It can take many forms, including physical, verbal, and social. If aggressive behaviour is physical, it may include hitting, pushing, slapping and tripping. If it is verbal, it may include name calling, mocking, insults, threats, and sexist, racist, homophobic, or transphobic comments. If it is social, or relational aggression it is more subtle and may involve such behaviours as gossiping, spreading rumours, excluding others from a group, humiliating others with public gestures or graffiti, and shunning or ignoring. Social aggression may also occur through the use of technology (e.g., spreading rumours, images, or hurtful comments through the use of e-mail, cell phones, text messaging, Internet websites, social networking, or other technology). Harm, as used in this plan, means, harm that can be experienced in a number of ways, including physical, mental, emotional and psychological. In the course of a day, there are many “teachable moments” when issues appear to arise. Prompt intervention with a few moments of coaching and support at these critical times can help all children and youth, including those who are at risk, to develop the skills and understanding that they need to maintain positive relationships with others. Such interactions that students have with their teachers, other school staff, and fellow students, as well as with principals, their parents and others can be used to help them improve their social skills. Examples of Bullying - sharing messages, photos or videos containing private/sensitive information via electronic means; spreading rumours to threaten someone or hurt their feelings, to single them out, embarrass them, or to make them look bad via social media platforms (also see cyber bullying definition) - pushing, tripping, hitting, shoving, kicking, damaging or stealing someone’s property - excluding someone from “the group” or from an activity, gossiping or spreading rumours about someone, making someone look foolish, making sure others don’t associate with someone, displaying images or materials that are offensive or disrespectful - name calling, hurtful teasing, threatening, insulting, mocking or making sexist, racist, religious, disability related, income or homophobic or gender based comments - use of notes or signs that are hurtful, insulting or harassing Bullying Prevention is a whole-school approach that heightens expectations for a safe, caring and inclusive school climate. It includes a shared understanding about the nature and underlying causes of bullying and its effects on the lives of individual students and the school community. Bullying Intervention is a comprehensive and effective response to bullying incidents that takes into consideration all parties involved in the bullying incident. It should provide specific supports for the student who has been bullied, intervention for the student who was bullying, and strategies for responding to students who were directly observing the bullying incident. Schools shall ensure that: - a Bullying Prevention and Intervention Plan is in place; - staff who work directly with students - principals, teaching and non-teaching staff must respond to any student behavior that is likely to have a negative impact on the school climate. Such behavior includes all inappropriate and disrespectful behavior at any time at school and at any school-related activity; - bullying shall not be accepted on school property, at school-related activities, on school buses, or in any other circumstances where engaging in bullying will have a negative impact on the school climate; - policies and procedures on bullying prevention and intervention, and the definition of bullying shall be communicated to students, parents, teachers and other school staff, school councils, volunteers. school bus operators/drivers, child-care providers etc.; - the school has a Safe Schools Team, composed of at least one student (where appropriate), one parent, one teacher, one support staff, one community partner and the principal. An existing school committee can assume this role; - every two years School Climate surveys of students from grades 4-12, parents and staff are completed. Data from the School Climate Surveys will be used to inform the School Improvement Plan and the Bullying Prevention and Intervention Plan; - the awareness of equity and inclusivity, gender based violence prevention (e.g., positive spaces in schools), and mitigating and other factors on bullying prevention and intervention exists; - a comprehensive intervention strategy that addresses incidents of bullying, including appropriate and timely responses is developed; - students can report bullying incidents safely and in a way, that will minimize the possibility of reprisal (i.e., anonymously); - staff will take seriously all allegations of bullying behavior and act in a timely, sensitive and supportive manner when responding to students who disclose or report bullying incidents - principals will investigate any reports of bullying, as well as anonymous reports of bullying; - for students with special education needs – interventions, supports and consequences are consistent with the student’s strengths and needs, as well as program goals and learning expectations documented in his or her Individual Education Plan (IEP); - strategies are identified for supporting students who engage in bullying, who have been bullied, and others who may have witnessed or been affected by bullying while respecting privacy. These strategies could include school based resources and/or referrals to community agencies; - follow-up after bullying incidents(s) with students, parents, teachers and other school staff where appropriate will occur; - they recognize the Bullying Awareness and Prevention Week which has been established in the Education Act as beginning on the third Sunday in November of each year. Its purpose is to heighten awareness and understanding of bullying and the impact it can have on the overall school environment. The Bullying Prevention and Intervention Plan The school develops, implements and monitors a school-wide bullying prevention and intervention plan. Components of the plan will include the following: - the context; - the definition of bullying and cyber-bullying; - examples of bullying; - the difference between bullying and conflict, aggression and teasing; - the members of the Safe Schools Committee; - evidence informed programs and practices; - prevention strategies; o intervention strategies; - the role of staff; o learning opportunities for members of the school community; - communication and outreach strategies; o monitoring and review processes. Schools must regularly review their Bullying Prevention and Intervention Plan and seek input from their school communities (at least once every two years); The Bullying Prevention and Intervention Plan must be made available to the school community at the beginning of each school year. School’s must post their Bullying Prevention and Intervention Plans on their school’s website, and if that is not possible, it must be made available to the public in another appropriate manner; - the local needs and circumstances such as geographical and cultural considerations as well as demographics; - the availability of community supports and resources. Principals will notify parents of students that have been harmed and/or who have engaged in serious behaviour incidents. To see the complete section, “Notifying Parents(s)/Guardians Following a Serious Student Incident” refer to the Near North District School Board’s Administrative Guideline: Safe Schools: Student Conduct Management Guideline with Appendices, (page 14 and 15). Reporting to the Principal The purpose of reporting serious student incidents is to ensure that the principal is aware of any activities taking place in the school for which suspension or expulsion must be considered and to help ensure a positive school climate. The Education Act subsection 300.2 of Part XIII states that any staff of the Board who becomes aware that a student at a school of the Board may have engaged in a serious student incident shall report the matter to the principal as soon as reasonably possible. The employee must consider the safety of others and the urgency of the situation in reporting the incident, but, in any case, must report it to the principal no later than the end of the school day. To see the complete section on “Reporting to the Principal” see pages 12-14 of the Safe Schools: Student Conduct Management Guideline with Appendices. The Near North District School Board will continue to provide professional development opportunities to board employees that will include bullying prevention and intervention strategies to promote a positive school climate. The training may also be made available to other adults who have significant contact with students (e.g., school bus drivers, child care providers, volunteers etc.). - Accepting Schools Act – Bill 13 September 2012 Changes to Policy and Program Memoranda (PPM’s) – December 5, 2012 - PPM 128 Provincial Code of Conduct and School Boards Code of Conduct – December 5, 2012 - PPM 141 School Board Programs for Students on Long-Term Suspension – December 5, 2012 - PPM 142 School Board Programs for Expelled Students – December 5, 2012 - PPM 144 Bullying Prevention and Intervention December 5, 2012 - PPM 145 Progressive Discipline and Promoting Positive Student Behavior – December 5, 2012 Working Draft: Safe and Accepting Schools Model Bullying Prevention & Intervention Plan, January 2013

Every railroad station had an agent of that railroad assigned. His jobs were to receive freight from the countryside, load freight onto his railroad's cars, receive freight from arriving cars, distribute arriving freight to recipients, operate the station's storeroom/storehouse, sell tickets to passengers and supervise the slaves assigned to assist him with the station's When a station became particularly important to the movement of government freight, the railroad's agent had to make decisions about which government freight to load and forward. This was particularly important when two railroads met at the station or significant wagon or water traffic had to interface with the Since the government had requirements for freight to be forwarded in particular, and changing, orders, an officer of the government was necessary to ensure that government needs were met by the railroads. At small or low volume stations, this officer would usually be the Army Post Quartermaster. When business became particularly heavy, either a Quartermaster was assigned to the transportation duties or a Transportation Agent was hired. Below are civilian men who were hired by the Quartermaster General or the Chief of Railroad Transportation. Many dates are uncertain, especially the end of service dates. ||Columbia, S. C. ||Dec. 1861 - Jan. 1863 ||Columbia, S. C. ||March, 1864 - February, 1865? ||December, 1863 - January, 1865 ||West Point, Ga. ||October, 1862 - December, 1862? ||November, 1863 - end of war |C. S. England ||February, 1862 - July, 1862 ||Florence, S. C. ||October, 1863 - end of war ||Virginia Central RR in Richmond ||December, 1861 - early 1862 ||July, 1861 - December, 1864? ||Traveling Agent in Virginia ||December, 1862 - captured July, 1863 |D. H. Kenney ||Charlotte, N. C. ||April, 1862 - May, 1862/January, 1863 |L. R. Lucas ||November, 1861 - March, 1862 ||Salisbury, N. C. ||April, 1862 - June, 1862 ||Company Shops, N. C. ||July, 1863 - October, 1863 |John W. Pugh ||Weldon, N. C. ||December, 1863 - end of war |Thomas G. Pugh ||Gaston, N. C. ||January, 1864 - end of war |J. W. Rogers ||Grand Junction, Tenn./Coffeeville, Miss. ||November, 1861 - November, 1862 ||Kingville, S. C. ||February, 1862? - April, 1864 (end of war?) |W. D. Tappe ||May, 1862? - June, 1863 ||Wilmington, N. C. ||February, 1862? - January, 1863 ||Kingsville, S. C. ||May, 1864 - end of war ||November, 1862 - end of war

Handball player moves towards the goal prior to throwing the ball, while the goalkeeper waits to stop it. Anchal Dubey national player from Ballia |Highest governing body||IHF| |First played||Late 19th century in Denmark. Invented by Nicolaj Ernst in 1897 in Nyborg.| |Registered players||> 27 million (2016)| |Team members||7 per side (including goalkeeper)| |Mixed gender||Yes, separate competitions| |Type||Team sport, ball sport| |Equipment||Ball and goals| Part of Summer Olympic programme in 1936.| Demonstrated at the 1952 Summer Olympics. Returned to the Summer Olympic programme since 1972. |World Games||Beach handball: 2001 – present (invitational sport before 2013)| Handball (also known as team handball, fieldball, European handball or Olympic handball) is a team sport in which two teams of seven players each (six outfield players and a goalkeeper) pass a ball using their hands with the aim of throwing it into the goal of the other team. A standard match consists of two periods of 30 minutes, and the team that scores more goals wins. There is no protective equipment worn while playing. Modern handball is played on a court of 40 by 20 metres (131 by 66 ft), with a goal in the middle of each end. The goals are surrounded by a 6-meter (20 ft) zone where only the defending goalkeeper is allowed; goals must be scored by throwing the ball from outside the zone or while "diving" into it. The sport is usually played indoors, but outdoor variants exist in the forms of field handball and Czech handball (which were more common in the past) and beach handball. The game is fast and high-scoring: professional teams now typically score between 20 and 35 goals each, though lower scores were not uncommon until a few decades ago. Body contact is permitted by the defenders trying to stop the attackers from approaching the goal. The game was codified at the end of the 19th century in Denmark. The modern set of rules was published in 1917 in Germany, and had several revisions since. The first international games were played under these rules for men in 1925 and for women in 1930. Men's handball was first played at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin as outdoors, and the next time at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich as indoors, and has been an Olympic sport since. Women's team handball was added at the 1976 Summer Olympics. The International Handball Federation was formed in 1946 and, as of 2016[update], has 197 member federations. The sport is most popular in the countries of continental Europe, which have won all medals but one in the men's world championships since 1938. In the women's world championships, only two non-European countries have won the title: South Korea and Brazil. The game also enjoys popularity in the Far East, North Africa and parts of South America. - 1 Origins and development - 2 Rules - 3 Gameplay - 4 Organization - 5 Attendance records - 6 Commemorative coins - 7 See also - 8 References - 9 External links Origins and development There is evidence of ancient Roman women playing a version of handball called expulsim ludere. There are records of handball-like games in medieval France, and among the Inuit in Greenland, in the Middle Ages. By the 19th century, there existed similar games of håndbold from Denmark, házená in the Czech Republic, handbol in Ukraine, and torball in Germany. The team handball game of today was codified at the end of the 19th century in northern Europe—primarily in Denmark, Germany, Norway and Sweden. The first written set of team handball rules was published in 1906 by the Danish gym teacher, lieutenant and Olympic medalist Holger Nielsen from Ordrup grammar school, north of Copenhagen. The modern set of rules was published on 29 October 1917 by Max Heiser, Karl Schelenz, and Erich Konigh from Germany. After 1919 these rules were improved by Karl Schelenz. The first international games were played under these rules, between Germany and Belgium by men in 1925 and between Germany and Austria by women in 1930. In 1926, the Congress of the International Amateur Athletics Federation nominated a committee to draw up international rules for field handball. The International Amateur Handball Federation was formed in 1928 and later the International Handball Federation was formed in 1946. Men's field handball was played at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. During the next several decades, indoor handball flourished and evolved in the Scandinavian countries. The sport re-emerged onto the world stage as team handball for the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich. Women's team handball was added at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal. Due to its popularity in the region, the Eastern European countries that refined the event became the dominant force in the sport when it was reintroduced. The International Handball Federation organised the men's world championship in 1938 and every four (sometimes three) years from World War II to 1995. Since the 1995 world championship in Iceland, the competition has been held every two years. The women's world championship has been held since 1957. The IHF also organizes women's and men's junior world championships. By July 2009, the IHF listed 166 member federations - approximately 795,000 teams and 19 million players. The rules are laid out in the IHF's set of rules. Two teams of seven players (six field players plus one goalkeeper) take the field and attempt to score points by putting the game ball into the opposing team's goal. In handling the ball, players are subject to the following restrictions: - After receiving the ball, players can pass, keep possession, or shoot the ball. - If possessing the ball, players must dribble (similar to a basketball dribble), or can take up to three steps for up to three seconds at a time without dribbling. - No attacking or defending players other than the defending goalkeeper are allowed to touch the floor of the goal area (within six metres of the goal). A shot or pass in the goal area is valid if completed before touching the floor. Goalkeepers are allowed outside the goal area, but are not allowed to cross the goal area boundary with the ball in their hands. - The ball may not be passed back to the goalkeeper when they are positioned in the goal area. Notable scoring opportunities can occur when attacking players jump into the goal area. For example, an attacking player may catch a pass while launching inside the goal area, and then shoot or pass before touching the floor. Doubling occurs when a diving attacking player passes to another diving teammate. Handball is played on a court 40 by 20 metres (131 ft × 66 ft), with a goal in the centre of each end. The goals are surrounded by a near-semicircular area, called the zone or the crease, defined by a line six meters from the goal. A dashed near-semicircular line nine metres from the goal marks the free-throw line. Each line on the court is part of the area it encompasses. This implies that the middle line belongs to both halves at the same time. The goals are two meters high and three meters wide. They must be securely bolted either to the floor or the wall behind. The goal posts and the crossbar must be made out of the same material (e.g., wood or aluminium) and feature a quadratic cross section with sides of 8 cm (3 in). The three sides of the beams visible from the playing field must be painted alternatingly in two contrasting colors which both have to contrast against the background. The colors on both goals must be the same. Each goal must feature a net. This must be fastened in such a way that a ball thrown into the goal does not leave or pass the goal under normal circumstances. If necessary, a second net may be clasped to the back of the net on the inside. The goals are surrounded by the crease. This area is delineated by two quarter circles with a radius of six metres around the far corners of each goal post and a connecting line parallel to the goal line. Only the defending goalkeeper is allowed inside this zone. However, the court players may catch and touch the ball in the air within it as long as the player starts his jump outside the zone and releases the ball before he lands (landing inside the perimeter is allowed in this case as long as the ball has been released). If a player without the ball contacts the ground inside the goal perimeter, or the line surrounding the perimeter, he must take the most direct path out of it. However, should a player cross the zone in an attempt to gain an advantage (e.g., better position) their team cedes the ball. Similarly, violation of the zone by a defending player is penalized only if they do so in order to gain an advantage in defending. Outside of one long edge of the playing field to both sides of the middle line are the substitution areas for each team. The areas usually contain the benches as seating opportunities. Team officials, substitutes, and suspended players must wait within this area. The area always lies to the same side as the team's own goal. During half-time, substitution areas are swapped. Any player entering or leaving the play must cross the substitution line which is part of the side line and extends 4.5 metres (15 ft) from the middle line to the team's side. A standard match for all teams of at least age 16 has two 30-minute halves with a 10- to 15-minute halftime break. At half-time, teams switch sides of the court as well as benches. For youths the length of the halves is reduced—25 minutes at ages 12 to 15, and 20 minutes at ages 8 to 11; though national federations of some countries may differ in their implementation from the official guidelines. If a decision must be reached in a particular match (e.g., in a tournament) and it ends in a draw after regular time, there are at maximum two overtimes, each consisting of two straight 5-minute periods with a one-minute break in between. Should these not decide the game either, the winning team is determined in a penalty shootout (best-of-five rounds; if still tied, extra rounds afterwards until won by one team). The referees may call timeout according to their sole discretion; typical reasons are injuries, suspensions, or court cleaning. Penalty throws should trigger a timeout only for lengthy delays, such as a change of the goalkeeper. Since 2012, teams can call 3 team timeouts per game (up to two per half), which last one minute each. This right may only be invoked by team in ball possession. Team representatives must show a green card marked with a black T on the timekeeper's desk. The timekeeper then immediately interrupts the game by sounding an acoustic signal and stops the time. Before that, it was one per half. For purpose of calling timeouts, overtime and shootouts are extensions of the second half. A handball match is adjudicated by two equal referees. Some national bodies allow games with only a single referee in special cases like illness on short notice. Should the referees disagree on any occasion, a decision is made on mutual agreement during a short timeout; or, in case of punishments, the more severe of the two comes into effect. The referees are obliged to make their decisions "on the basis of their observations of facts". Their judgements are final and can be appealed against only if not in compliance with the rules. The referees position themselves in such a way that the team players are confined between them. They stand diagonally aligned so that each can observe one side line. Depending on their positions, one is called field referee and the other goal referee. These positions automatically switch on ball turnover. They physically exchange their positions approximately every 10 minutes (long exchange), and change sides every five minutes (short exchange). The IHF defines 18 hand signals for quick visual communication with players and officials. The signal for warning or disqualification is accompanied by a yellow or red card, respectively. The referees also use whistle blows to indicate infractions or to restart the play. The referees are supported by a scorekeeper and a timekeeper who attend to formal things such as keeping track of goals and suspensions, or starting and stopping the clock, respectively. They also keep an eye on the benches and notify the referees on substitution errors. Their desk is located between the two substitution areas. Team players, substitutes, and officials Each team consists of seven players on court and seven substitute players on the bench. One player on the court must be the designated goalkeeper, differing in his clothing from the rest of the field players. Substitution of players can be done in any number and at any time during game play. An exchange takes place over the substitution line. A prior notification of the referees is not necessary. Some national bodies, such as the Deutsche Handball Bund (DHB, "German Handball Federation"), allow substitution in junior teams only when in ball possession or during timeouts. This restriction is intended to prevent early specialization of players to offence or defence. Field players are allowed to touch the ball with any part of their bodies above and including the knee. As in several other team sports, a distinction is made between catching and dribbling. A player who is in possession of the ball may stand stationary for only three seconds, and may take only three steps. They must then either shoot, pass, or dribble the ball. Taking more than three steps at any time is considered travelling, and results in a turnover. A player may dribble as many times as they want (though, since passing is faster, it is the preferred method of attack), as long as during each dribble the hand contacts only the top of the ball. Therefore, carrying is completely prohibited, and results in a turnover. After the dribble is picked up, the player has the right to another three seconds or three steps. The ball must then be passed or shot, as further holding or dribbling will result in a double dribble turnover and a free throw for the other team. Other offensive infractions that result in a turnover include charging and setting an illegal screen. Carrying the ball into the six-meter zone results either in ball possession by the goalkeeper (by attacker) or turnover (by defender). Only the goalkeepers are allowed to move freely within the goal perimeter, although they may not cross the goal perimeter line while carrying or dribbling the ball. Within the zone, they are allowed to touch the ball with all parts of their bodies, including their feet, with a defensive aim (for other actions, they are subject to the same restrictions as the field players). The goalkeepers may participate in the normal play of their teammates. They may be substituted by a regular field player if their team elects to use this scheme in order to outnumber the defending players. Earlier, this field player become the designated goalkeeper on the court; and had to wear some vest or bib to be identified as such. That shirt had to be equal in colour and form to the goalkeeper's shirt, to avoid confusion. A rule change meant to make the game more offensive now allows any player to substitute with the goalkeeper. The new rule resembles the one used in ice hockey. This rule was first used in the women's world championship in December 2015 and has since been used by the men's European championship in January 2016 and by both genders in the Olympic tournament in Rio in 2016. If either goalkeeper deflects the ball over the outer goal line, their team stays in possession of the ball, in contrast to other sports like football. The goalkeeper resumes the play with a throw from within the zone ("goalkeeper throw"). Passing to one's own goalkeeper results in a turnover. In a penalty shot, throwing the ball against the head of a goalkeeper who is not moving is punished by a direct disqualification ("red card"). Outside of own D-zone, the goalkeeper is treated as a current field player, and has to follow field players' rules; holding or tackling an opponent player outside the area results in a direct disqualification.[clarification needed] The goalkeeper may not return to the area with the ball. Each team is allowed to have a maximum of four team officials seated on the benches. An official is anybody who is neither player nor substitute. One official must be the designated representative who is usually the team manager. Since 2012, representatives can call up to 3 team timeouts (up to twice per half), and may address the scorekeeper, timekeeper, and referees (before that, it was once per half); overtime and shootouts are considered extensions of the second half. Other officials typically include physicians or managers. Neither official is allowed to enter the playing court without the permission of the referees. The ball is spherical and must be made either of leather or a synthetic material. It is not allowed to have a shiny or slippery surface. As the ball is intended to be operated by a single hand, its official sizes vary depending on age and gender of the participating teams. |III||Women and male over-16s||58–60||23–24||425–475||15.0–16.8| |II||Women, male over-12s, and female over-14s||54–56||21–22||325–375||11.5–13.2| The referees may award a special throw to a team. This usually happens after certain events such as scored goals, off-court balls, turnovers and timeouts. All of these special throws require the thrower to obtain a certain position, and pose restrictions on the positions of all other players. Sometimes the execution must wait for a whistle blow by the referee. - A throw-off takes place from the center of the court. The thrower must touch the middle line with one foot, and all the other offensive players must stay in their half until the referee restarts the game. The defending players must keep a distance of at least three meters from the thrower until the ball leaves his hand. A throw-off occurs at the beginning of each period and after the opposing team scores a goal. It must be cleared by the referees. - Modern handball introduced the "fast throw-off" concept; i.e., the play will be immediately restarted by the referees as soon as the executing team fulfills its requirements. Many teams leverage this rule to score easy goals before the opposition has time to form a stable defense line. - The team which did not touch the ball last is awarded a throw-in when the ball fully crosses the side line or touches the ceiling. If the ball crosses the outer goal line, a throw-in is awarded only if the defending field players touched the ball last. Execution requires the thrower to place one foot on the nearest outer line to the cause. All defending players must keep a distance of three metres (9.8 ft). However, they are allowed to stand immediately outside their own goal area even when the distance is less than three meters. - If the ball crosses the outer goal line without interference from the defending team or when deflected by the defending team's goalkeeper, or when the attacking team violates the D-zone as described above, a goalkeeper-throw is awarded to the defending team. This is the most common turnover. The goalkeeper resumes the play with a throw from anywhere within the goal area. - A free-throw restarts the play after an interruption by the referees. It takes places from the spot where the interruption was caused, as long as this spot is outside of the free-throw line of the opposing team. In the latter case, the throw is deferred to the nearest spot on the free-throw line. Free-throws are the equivalent to free-kicks in association football; however, conceding them is typically not seen as poor sportsmanship for the defending side, and in itself, they carry no major disadvantages. (In particular, being awarded a free throw while being on warning for passive play will not reset the warning, whereas a shot on goal will.) The thrower may take a direct attempt for a goal which, however, is rarely feasible if the defending team has organised a defense. However, if a free throw is awarded and the half or game ends, a direct throw at the goal is typically attempted, which occasionally goes in. - Seven-meter throw - A seven-meter throw is awarded when a clear chance of scoring is illegally prevented anywhere on the court by an opposing team player, official, or spectator. It is awarded also when the referees have interrupted a legitimate scoring chance for any reason. The thrower steps with one foot behind the seven-metre (23 ft) line with only the defending goalkeeper between him and the goal. The goalkeeper must keep a distance of three metres (9.8 ft), which is marked by a short tick on the floor. All other players must remain behind the free-throw line until execution and the defending field players must keep a distance of three meters. The thrower must await the whistle blow of the referee. A seven-meter throw is the equivalent to a penalty kick in association football; however, it is far more common and typically occurs several times in a single game. Penalties are given to players, in progressive format, for fouls that require more punishment than just a free-throw. Actions directed mainly at the opponent and not the ball (such as reaching around, holding, pushing, tripping, and jumping into opponent) as well as contact from the side, from behind a player or impeding the opponent's counterattack are all considered illegal and are subject to penalty. Any infraction that prevents a clear scoring opportunity will result in a seven-meter penalty shot. Typically the referee will give a warning yellow card for an illegal action; but, if the contact was particularly dangerous, like striking the opponent in the head, neck or throat, the referee can forego the warning for an immediate two-minute suspension. A player can get only one warning before receiving a two-minute suspension. One player is only permitted two two-minute suspensions; after the third time, they will be shown the red card. A red card results in an ejection from the game and a two-minute penalty for the team. A player may receive a red card directly for particularly rough penalties. For instance, any contact from behind during a fast break is now being treated with a red card. A red-carded player has to leave the playing area completely. A player who is disqualified may be substituted with another player after the two-minute penalty is served. A coach or official can also be penalized progressively. Any coach or official who receives a two-minute suspension will have to pull out one of their players for two minutes; however, the player is not the one punished, and can be substituted in again, as the penalty consists of the team playing with a one player less than the opposing team. After referees award the ball to the opponents for whatever reason, the player currently in possession of the ball has to lay it down quickly, or else face a two-minute suspension. Also, gesticulating or verbally questioning the referee's order, as well as arguing with the officials' decisions, will normally result in a two-minute suspension. If the suspended player protests further, does not walk straight off the field to the bench, or if the referee deems the tempo deliberately slow, the player can be given an additional two-minute suspension. Illegal substitution (outside of the dedicated area, or if the replacement player enters too early) is also punishable by a two-minute suspension. Players are typically referred to by the positions they are playing. The positions are always denoted from the view of the respective goalkeeper, so that a defender on the right opposes an attacker on the left. However, not all of the following positions may be occupied depending on the formation or potential suspensions. - Left and right wingman.These typically are fast players who excel at ball control and wide jumps from the outside of the goal perimeter in order to get into a better shooting angle at the goal. Teams usually try to occupy the left position with a right-handed player and vice versa. - Left and right backcourt. Goal attempts by these players are typically made by jumping high and shooting over the defenders. Thus, it is usually advantageous to have tall players with a powerful shot for these positions. - Centre backcourt. A player with experience is preferred on this position who acts as playmaker and the handball equivalent of a basketball point guard. - Pivot (left and right, if applicable). This player tends to intermingle with the defence, setting picks and attempting to disrupt the defence's formation. This positions requires the least jumping skills; but ball control and physical strength are an advantage. Sometimes, the offense uses formations with two pivot players. There are many variations in defensive formations. Usually, they are described as n:m formations, where n is the number of players defending at the goal line and m the number of players defending more offensive. Exceptions are the 3:2:1 defense and n+m formation (e.g. 5+1), where m players defend some offensive player in man coverage (instead of the usual zone coverage). - Far left and far right. The opponents of the wingmen. - Half left and half right. The opponents of the left and right backcourts. - Back center (left and right). Opponent of the pivot. - Front center. Opponent of the center backcourt, may also be set against another specific backcourt player. Attacks are played with all field players on the side of the defenders. Depending on the speed of the attack, one distinguishes between three attack waves with a decreasing chance of success: - First wave - First wave attacks are characterised by the absence of defending players around their goal perimeter. The chance of success is very high, as the throwing player is unhindered in his scoring attempt. Such attacks typically occur after an intercepted pass or a steal, and if the defending team can switch fast to offence. The far left or far right will usually try to run the attack, as they are not as tightly bound in the defence. On a turnover, they immediately sprint forward and receive the ball halfway to the other goal. Thus, these positions are commonly held by quick players. - Second wave - If the first wave is not successful and some defending players have gained their positions around the zone, the second wave comes into play: the remaining players advance with quick passes to locally outnumber the retreating defenders. If one player manages to step up to the perimeter or catches the ball at this spot, he becomes unstoppable by legal defensive means. From this position, the chance of success is naturally very high. Second wave attacks became much more important with the "fast throw-off" rule. - Third wave - The time during which the second wave may be successful is very short, as then the defenders closed the gaps around the zone. In the third wave, the attackers use standardised attack patterns usually involving crossing and passing between the back court players who either try to pass the ball through a gap to their pivot, take a jumping shot from the backcourt at the goal, or lure the defence away from a wingman. The third wave evolves into the normal offensive play when all defenders not only reach the zone, but gain their accustomed positions. Some teams then substitute specialised offence players. However, this implies that these players must play in the defence should the opposing team be able to switch quickly to offence. The latter is another benefit for fast playing teams. If the attacking team does not make sufficient progress (eventually releasing a shot on goal), the referees can call passive play (since about 1995, the referee gives a passive warning some time before the actual call by holding one hand up in the air, signalling that the attacking team should release a shot soon), turning control over to the other team. A shot on goal or an infringement leading to a yellow card or two-minute penalty will mark the start of a new attack, causing the hand to be taken down; but a shot blocked by the defense or a normal free throw will not. If it were not for this rule, it would be easy for an attacking team to stall the game indefinitely, as it is difficult to intercept a pass without at the same time conceding dangerous openings towards the goal. The usual formations of the defense are 6–0, when all the defense players line up between the 6-metre (20 ft) and 9-metre (30 ft) lines to form a wall; the 5–1, when one of the players cruises outside the 9-metre (30 ft) perimeter, usually targeting the center forwards while the other 5 line up on the 6-metre (20 ft) line; and the less common 4–2 when there are two such defenders out front. Very fast teams will also try a 3–3 formation which is close to a switching man-to-man style. The formations vary greatly from country to country, and reflect each country's style of play. 6–0 is sometimes known as "flat defense", and all other formations are usually called "offensive defense". Handball teams are usually organised as clubs. On a national level, the clubs are associated in federations which organize matches in leagues and tournaments. The IHF organizes world championships, held in odd-numbered years, with separate competitions for men and women. The IHF World Men's Handball Championship 2017 title holders are France. The IHF 2017 Women’s World Championship title holders are also France. The IHF is composed of five continental federations: Asian Handball Federation, African Handball Confederation, Pan-American Team Handball Federation, European Handball Federation and Oceania Handball Federation. These federations organize continental championships held every other second year. Handball is played during the Pan American Games, All-Africa Games, and Asian Games. It is also played at the Mediterranean Games. In addition to continental competitions between national teams, the federations arrange international tournaments between club teams. - Austria: Handball Liga Austria, Bundesliga Männer (men), Women Handball Austria, Bundesliga Frauen (women), Österreichischer Cup (men, women) https://web.archive.org/web/20141218002607/http://oehb.sportlive.at/ - Belgium: Bene League Handball (shared competition with the Netherlands) - Bosnia and Herzegovina: Handball Championship of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Croatia: Croatian First League of Handball - Czech Republic: Zubr extraliga - Denmark: Damehåndboldligaen, Jack & Jones Ligaen - England: England Handball Association - France: Ligue Nationale de Handball - Germany: Handball-Bundesliga - Greece: Greek Men's handball championship - Hungary: Nemzeti Bajnokság I (men), Nemzeti Bajnokság I (women) - Iceland: Olís deildin - Israel: Ligat Winner - Macedonia: Macedonian Handball Super League - Montenegro: First League (men), First League (women), Second League (men), Second League (women) - Netherlands: Bene League Handball (shared competition with Belgium), Eredivisie (women) - Norway: Eliteserien (men's handball), Eliteserien (women's handball) - Poland: Polish Ekstraklasa Men's Handball League, Polish Ekstraklasa Women's Handball League - Portugal: Andebol 1 (men), 1ª Divisão Feminino (women) - Romania: Liga Națională (men), Liga Naţională (women) - Scotland: Scottish Handball League - Serbia: Serbian First League of Handball - Slovakia: Slovenská hadzanárska extraliga - Slovenia: Slovenian First League of Handball, Handball Cup of Slovenia - Spain: Liga ASOBAL, División de Plata de Balonmano - Sweden: Handbollsligan (men)/Svensk handbollselit (women) - Angola: Angola Men's Handball League (men), Angola Women's Handball League (women) - Australia: Australian Handball Club Championship, Handball League Australia, Australian National Handball Championship (States) - Tahiti (French Polynesia): Tahitian Handball League - Turkey: Turkish Handball Super League - United States: USA Team Handball Nationals, USA Team Handball College Nationals, Pan American Championship[disambiguation needed], Nor.Ca. Handball Championship - Japan Japan Handball League - Argentina Confederación Argentina de Handball The current worldwide attendance record for seven-a-side handball was set on September 6, 2014, during a neutral venue German league game between HSV Hamburg and the Mannheim-based Rhein-Neckar Lions. The matchup drew 44,189 spectators to Commerzbank Arena in Frankfurt, exceeding the previous record of 36,651 set at Copenhagen's Parken Stadium during the 2011 Danish Cup final. Handball events have been selected as a main motif in numerous collectors' coins. One of the recent samples is the €10 Greek Handball commemorative coin, minted in 2003 to commemorate the 2004 Summer Olympics. On the coin, the modern athlete directs the ball in his hands towards his target, while in the background the ancient athlete is just about to throw a ball, in a game known as cheirosphaira, in a representation taken from a black-figure pottery vase of the Archaic period. - "8 Things You Didn't Know About Handball". Olympics. IOC. 2016-06-10. Archived from the original on 2018-07-19. Retrieved 2018-07-19. - Barbara Schrodt (6 October 2011). "Team Handball". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica-Dominion Institute. - "Member Federations". International Handball Federation. - John Anthony Cuddon, The Macmillan Dictionary of Sports and Games, p.393, Macmillan, 1980, ISBN 0-333-19163-3 - Serinex.NET, SegaAlex in. "Handball History : HAND-BALL.ORG". www.hand-ball.org. Retrieved 28 November 2017. - "The official Handball rules (PDF)" (PDF). Retrieved 30 July 2012. - Official rules, rule 17:11 - Official rules, hand signal 13 - "Handball The Official Website of the 16th Asian Games". Guangzhou Asian Games. 21 August 2008. Retrieved 2 February 2009. - "Regulations for IHF Competitions" (PDF). International Handball Federation. September 2007. p. 10. Retrieved 2 February 2009. - "Sensational second half secures France sixth world title". Retrieved 2017-12-18. - "France make it a double, Norway dethroned". Retrieved 2017-12-18. - "Deportes Panamericanos - Balonmano" (in Spanish). Guadalajara 2011. Archived from the original on 4 February 2009. Retrieved 2 February 2009. - "Handball at the 2007 All Africa Games in Algiers". International Handball Federation. 20 July 2007. Retrieved 2 February 2009. - "Bylaws" (PDF). International Handball Federation. September 2007. p. 7. Retrieved 2 February 2009. - cie. "World record: 44,189 spectators in Frankfurt". www.handball-world.com. Retrieved 2016-12-26. - "Athens 2004 - Series F coins". Fleur de Coin. Retrieved 3 September 2016. - "London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games". RoyalMint.com. 2012. Archived from the original on 31 March 2016. Retrieved 3 September 2016. Contributor: The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica Article Title: Team handball Website Name: Encyclopedia Britannica Publisher: Encyclopedia Britannica, inc. Date Published: May 03, 2017 URL: https://www.britannica.com/sports/team-handball |Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Handball in Europe.| Media related to Handball at Wikimedia Commons - International Handball Federation (IHF) - Team Handball News - Handball news and commentary - Basic Rules

* Date : 2015-03-23 People use persuasion to change other people's minds. Unlike other games, where teams compete against each other, the Korean traditional tug-of-war game "juldarigi" is played by pulling the opponent instead of pushing away. Yeongsan of South Gyeongsang Province is famous for its tug-of-war game. Yeongsan juldarigi is the Important Intangible Cultural Asset No. 26. It is played by East and West teams representing the female and male side, respectively. Yeongsan residents believe that if the female side wins, their village will have a rich harvest and will be safe the whole year. But that is not to say that the East team loses on purpose. Yeongsan juldarigi is like a power struggle between men and women. This program tells viewers why the victory of the female side in Yeongsan juldarigi symbolizes peace and prosperity and how it resembles the power struggle between men and women.

Poor Mark Hudson eh? After scoring last week for Cardiff against Derby from his own half (see here) he must have thought he was a shoe-in for the prestigious "Ridiculously Long Range Goal Of The Season By A Defender" award, but he appears to have been beaten to it by AIK defender Alexander Milosevic. This weekend while playing against Sundsvall in the Swedish Allsvenskan, Milosevic picked the ball up just inside the opposition half, a couple of touches and from the centre circle delivered a pile driver into the top corner. Oh who am I to talk about it, just watch for yourself... So yeah, that was pretty special eh? I mean come on Hudson, you're going to have to up your game to be in with a shout of the award, anyone can leather it from 60+ yards, but who can do it deliberately and into the corner with such precision? Milosevic has been monitored by Arsenal and Liverpool in recent weeks, and this goal is sure to have him back on the radar of the two Premier League sides.

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The lectionary passages today are troublesome. I wonder how my times over the years I have started a blog with that thought. It seems to me that often the readings challenge and disturb. However, I don’t think that is a bad thing. Sometimes it is good to be challenged and disturbed. It causes us to think, to reassess our lives and values. Today’s passages are all about forgiveness and not judging others. In the Old Testament the text is about Joseph forgiving the brothers who have caused him harm. In the epistle the readers are urged to accept each other’s differences without judgment. It is a timely word for the days in which we live. It is perhaps a theme to meditate on this week. However, I want to focus on the passage in Matthew. The gospel story reverts to the theme of forgiveness. In the story Peter asks Jesus should he forgive someone seven times. Jesus replies not seven but seventy times seven. Then Jesus tells a parable to illustrate forgiveness. The parable is intriguing and raises more questions than it gives answers. The parable is about a king. At this point I want to remind people that I do not think that characters in parables should be representative of anyone, human or divine. They are simply stories to illustrate a point and should be read as such. I do not think the king in this parable is meant to be God although I have heard that expressed. If one tries to equate the king to God, it would leave us with a god who is angry and sent someone to be tortured. Much better to just read the parable as a simple story which is used to illustrate a point. Anyway, back to this story . . . The king wanted to settle accounts with his slaves. One slave owed him 10,000 talents. Another aside . . . why would a slave owe his/her owner money? I have tried to do a brief research on this but have found nothing. Perhaps someone else has the answer. It was a practice for a free person who had huge debts to go into slavery with their owner undertaking to pay their debts. But this does not seem to be the case in this story. However, this is just a point of interest, it does not affect the parable as we just accept this slave owed a huge amount. The king’s first reaction was that the slave’s wife, children and other possessions must be sold to pay the debt. The slave begged the king for time saying he would repay. The king had pity on him and forgave the debt. So far, it is a nice simple story of forgiveness and kindness. As is often the case with parables there is a twist. A fellow-slave owed the forgiven-slave a much smaller amount. The story tells us the forgiven-slave went to him, caught him by the neck, demanded payment and ultimately had him gaoled. The word got back to the king who was angry at his lack of mercy, handed him over to be tortured and withdrew his forgiveness of the debt. So what initially seemed a nice parable has become a “text of terror” to quote Trible. This is the point where it raises many questions about forgiveness. Can forgiveness be taken back? Are there conditions (or expectations) to forgiveness? Trible also talks about not letting a text go without it yielding a blessing. So what is the blessing in this text. Maybe, it is that it causes us to think about forgiveness and to search ourselves about what it means to each of us. Forgiveness isn’t cheap or easy. It should not be undertaken lightly. Maybe, this week take some time to ponder over my questions (and any of your own). Perhaps, ask ourselves if we forgive someone, is it conditional? Are they required to behave the same way? Do we get upset if they seemingly don’t show the same forgiveness to others? Can this text yield a blessing?

Jammu & Kashmir Public Service Commission as from its name belongs to the state of Jammu & Kashmir and like any other public service commission located in different states in India, this commission is also responsible for conducting recruitment examination for selection of candidates to government job positions in this state. The functions to be performed by this commission have been defined under Section 133 of the constitution of the state and accordingly, it is responsible for conducting examinations for recruitment to services of the state. It shall also be consulted on matters pertaining to methods of recruitment to be followed for civil services in the state. The commission is also conducted for disciplinary matters affecting a person working under the government of the state. Past question papers of Anthropology – I are given in the attachment.

You will then be provided with a pack of P-Ingo envelopes. Each week simply place £1 into the envelope and drop it into the P-Ingo box at either the Merchandise table or in the Volunteers Container at any home game. At away games, a P-ingo box will also be present. Any number that you have chosen which is then picked out in the National Lottery draw each Saturday (incl Bonus ball), is crossed off your list of 10 - hence it's Purple Bingo or P-ingo! The first person to have all 10 number crossed off wins the prize fund, which is 50% of the total money collected. If your weekly payments are not up to date you can't win the prize. Any numbers crossed off that week, will be placed back into your list until your monies are upto date. It is possible that the prize fund may be shared by more than 1 winner. The Prize fund is split 50/50 with the club and the club commits to donating 10% of it's share of all winnings to Supporting Foodbanks. P-ingo envelopes will begin to be given out at the next home game v Kendal Town on Tuesday 20th August so get your entries in now.

Tahar Djehiche and cartoon Algerian cartoonist Tahar Djehiche, who was acquitted in May on charges of insulting Algeria’s President Abdelaziz Bouteflika and inciting a riot, has been found guilty on the government’s appeal. He has been sentenced to six months in jail and fined 500,000 dinars. One of Djehiche’s offending cartoons, posted on Facebook, shows the president at the bottom of an hourglass getting buried in the sand. Reporters Without Borders regional representative Yasmine Kacha responds: “This decision is incomprehensible. Algeria’s highest court must show leniency towards Djehiche, whose cartoons just emphasized the environment challenges linked to shale gas production.” Britain’s Professional Cartoonists Organization has posted an open letter to the Algerian embassy in London petitioning for the immediate release of Tahar Djehiche. To report a cartoonist in danger — Email Cartoonists Rights Network Social Links

The anterior surface of this Chinese silver card case is ornamented with exceptional and fine embossed decoration depicting multiple tiers of oriental figures amidst foliate designs, accented with simplified structures in the background, all on a matte background. The posterior surface of this silver card case is embellished with an exceptional embossed scene incorporating a range of fish and crustacean amidst oceanic foliate designs, also all on a matte background. This Chinese card case is fitted with a push fit cover ornamented with a continuation of the aforementioned embossed decoration. The sides of this antique silver case are embellished with an embossed band of scrolling leaf ornamentation, incorporating an applied vacant oval cartouche to the upper edge. This exceptional antique Chinese card case is the finest of its type you could hope to acquire.

Underfloor Heating Cowes Isle of Wight (PO31): Your property in Cowes can be heated economically and efficiently through the use of an underfloor heating system. It can be employed as an additional source of heating alongside radiators, or can be used as a whole house system to take the place of radiators and other methods of heating. There are 2 primary kinds of underfloor heating: electric or water systems. The benefit of an efficient and consistent heating system working from the floor up, can be achieved with both electric and warm water systems. These systems don't run at the high temperatures needed by traditional forms of heating, like radiators, and consequently use less energy. In normal circumstances a correctly designed and sized underfloor heating system operates at approximately twenty five and thirty five degrees Celcius, whereby a centrally heated radiator requires a working temperature of approximately 65-75 degrees Celsius to heat a room of similar dimensions. Uniform Heat: A regular hot water radiator first warms the air close to the radiator's surface, which then rises before being spread slowly around the room which can frequently create cool areas. Floor level heating pipes or mats warm the entire floor area in a consistent and uniform way with an underfloor heating system. Cheaper to Run: They operate at lower temperatures to offer you the equivalent thermal benefits of a conventional central heating system, and therefore are less expensive to run and more environmentally friendly. Convenience of Use: Energy use and temperature are managed and controlled by a digital programmable thermostat, which can be linked into your smart phone, in both electric and water underfloor heating installations. You'll have full control of your heating needs, and you can even pre-programme your heating to suit colder times of day or automatically adjust to the different demands of the seasons. Requires Little Maintenance: With virtually no maintenance requirements, electric underfloor systems are usually trouble free and will provide several years of service. Water based underfloor systems might need occasional checks to ensure everything is working correctly, however there's no need for air bleeding of radiators or flushing. Gas boilers or other heat sources will also have less demand put upon them, making them last longer and be more reliable. Ideal For Any Room: Traditional radiators take up an astonishing amount of wasted space in a room, around ten percent on average, which can be freed up for use with an underfloor heating installation. The point that underfloor heating systems can be used beneath virtually any floor covering makes them suitable for conservatories, kitchens, bathrooms and lounges in Cowes. You can even plump for fully waterproof outdoor underfloor heating for warming up your garage, summer house or patio in Cowes. The installation of an underfloor heating system and choosing which is perfect for you often hinges on the amount of work you wish to do on the project. With their simpler design and ease of installation, electric underfloor systems could be more suitable for your small projects in Cowes. They can also be adapted easily for retrofitting to a pre-existing property in Cowes. Water warmed underfloor heating systems, by their very design are better used during remodelling work or in new build houses where floors are being re-laid. Using electric heating mats or wires which are linked up to the electricity mains supply and a digital thermostat, electric underfloor heating in Cowes, is fast and simple to fit. Existing homes can have electric systems retrofitted into individual rooms with no problem at all in most situations. It can be the ideal option for an attic conversion or spare room which isn't normally used on a daily basis. It could take barely more than half an hour to lay an electric heating mat system in a typical living area. Their installation only involves them being rolled out and stuck to the sub-floor or insulating material before being connected by a certified person to the power supply. Different types of underfloor heating mats are available for different floor surfaces and your underfloor heating installer in Cowes will be able to advise on which one is better for your situation. Free form electrical heating wire is great for awkward shaped rooms or spaces which can be difficult to cut the mats to the right size. This entails arranging a single cable heating element in runs onto an insulation material onto your sub-floor before being covered by the flooring finish of your choosing. A qualified electrician will connect the cable to a suitable electric spur or point, and at the same time put in a room based digital thermostat. Each room of your home in Cowes can have freestanding electric underfloor heating fitted, or they could all be connected to a "whole home" system with a central control device. If you happen to have a smart home in Cowes, or are thinking about an installation of smart thermostats and other devices, electric underfloor heating systems can be easily integrated into your design plans. Hot water is employed in these underfloor heating systems, which can also be called hydronic or wet floor systems by different makers. These underfloor systems can be linked to a conventional gas boiler if you have one currently installed, or can be plumbed into air or ground source heat pumps in new build houses. Water based systems are installed into the subfloor screed layer and therefore produce an increased thickness of floor. Because of this, many underfloor heating installers recommend water systems more for new builds in Cowes, however for existing houses you can purchase slimmer pipe solutions which might be suitable. The use of wet systems is now increasing as a strategy for whole house heating in Cowes. More Cowes property owners are switching over to these underfloor systems because of their greater thermal effect, higher efficiency and lower operating costs in comparison with conventional heating solutions. builds in Cowes are increasingly using a hybrid system of both water and electric underfloor heating in new build houses. Upstairs rooms use electric underfloor heating, while ground floors and cellars, which have greater requirements on heating energy, use a wet system. This combination delivers maximum heating benefits with greatest efficiency. It is crucial to get a heat loss survey on your house in Cowes before engaging in any underfloor heating installation. The on-site survey will be carried out by an architect or qualified heating engineer who'll determine the heating requirements and insulation needs of your home. Uninsulated areas like conservatories with a higher potential for heat loss will require a greater wattage system than that of a small bedroom/office space or a living room. The layout, size and heating requirements of the electric mats or water pipes will be based upon this detailed survey and is an essential part of the design phase. Insulating panels placed underneath the heat mats, heating cables or pipework may be needed to lessen the amount of heat loss into the sub-floor. The generated heat is then "pushed" upwards as opposed to being absorbed into the floor beneath, and has the added benefit of bringing down room heat-up times and increasing the system efficiency. There are DIY options for putting in underfloor heating systems, however it is required that any electrical hook-ups are only completed by a certified electrician who is Part P/NICEIC qualified. As with most electrical and plumbing installations in Cowes, the best advice is to use a professional for the added guarantees and safety that are included within the installation process. With regards to your plans, you should also consider the quality of warranties, aftercare and servicing which are included with your brand new underfloor heating system. If you're thinking about installing an underfloor heating system into an existing home in Cowes, you'd be better looking at electric systems. Warm water underfloor heating is better incorporated into new build houses or major renovation works where the additional flooring allowance can be factored in during the design phase. If you are thinking about replacing your heating system, or simply want to warm up a chilly area in your home, an underfloor heating system is an ideal choice. Underfloor heating installation can be done in Cowes and also in: Littletown, Whippingham, Locksgreen, Binfield, Wootton, Porchfield, Great Thorness, Gurnard, East Cowes, Fishbourne, Cross Lane, Wootton Common, Osborne, Northwood, Wootton Bridge, as well as in these postcodes PO31 7LA, PO31 7JR, PO31 7JJ, PO31 7DQ, PO31 7HU, PO31 7HS, PO31 7AT, PO31 7LF, PO31 7PS, PO31 7NX. Local Cowes underfloor heating services will most likely have the postcode PO31 and the telephone code 01983. There are a wide range of tasks that can be completed by your local Cowes underfloor heating specialist including water underfloor heating installations, underfloor heating for kitchens Cowes, cheap underfloor heating, underfloor heating for tiles, underfloor heating for wooden floors, underfloor heating maintenance in Cowes, free-form electric cabling in Cowes, underfloor heating solutions, underfloor heating under vinyl, underfloor heating design in Cowes, the installation of electric underfloor heating, fitting underfloor heating Cowes, wet underfloor heating installation, industrial underfloor heating Cowes, heated flooring systems in Cowes, underfloor heating installations in Cowes, underfloor heating for cellars Cowes, underfloor heating rates, underfloor heating panels, underfloor heating services, underfloor heating leak detection, underfloor heating insulation, bathroom underfloor heating installation, underfloor heating upstairs, underfloor heating troubleshooting, retrofitting underfloor heating, and more. If there are other Cowes flooring requirements that you need but can't see here, you should mention them on the QUOTE FORM provided. Also find: Whippingham under-floor heating, Gurnard under-floor heating, Binfield under-floor heating, Fishbourne under-floor heating, East Cowes under-floor heating, Great Thorness under-floor heating, Wootton Bridge under-floor heating, Locksgreen under-floor heating, Wootton under-floor heating, Northwood under-floor heating, Osborne under-floor heating, Porchfield under-floor heating, Cross Lane under-floor heating, Littletown under-floor heating, Wootton Common underfloor heating and more. Underfloor Heating Around Cowes: Some Cowes streets and areas where underfloor heating installation has recently been undertaken - Arnold Road, Admiral Gardens, Stephenson Road, Shooters Hill, Denmark Road, Coronation Avenue, Churchill Close, Baring Drive, Cliff Road, Thorness Lane, Cockleton Lane, Bath Road, St Faiths Road, Baring Road, Church Lane, The Yard, Coronation Road, Beckford Road, South Road, Ash Grove, Church Road, Thetis Road, Shore Path, Debourne Close, as well as these local Cowes postcodes: PO31 7LA, PO31 7JR, PO31 7JJ, PO31 7DQ, PO31 7HU, PO31 7HS, PO31 7AT, PO31 7LF, PO31 7PS, PO31 7NX. More Cowes Trades: Needless to say, whenever you're doing home improvements in Cowes, Isle of Wight, you are likely to need all types of different tradespeople and together with underfloor heating in Cowes, Isle of Wight, you might additionally need SKIP HIRE in Cowes, rubber flooring in Cowes, floorers in Cowes, screeders in Cowes, a plumber in Cowes, carpet fitters in Cowes, a plasterer in Cowes, tilers in Cowes, a builder in Cowes, an electrician in Cowes, wooden decking in Cowes, stone paving in Cowes, waste removal in Cowes, a handyman in Cowes, and other different Cowes tradesmen. More Isle of Wight Underfloor Heating: More Isle of Wight underfloor heating: Cowes, Ryde, Shanklin and Sandown.

Changes To Sixth Sense Books Website: Smart Links Are Here! The internet changes constantly, and I was thrilled to add new links to all our books on this site a few months ago, because they offered more options to browsers. You could preview a book or buy it with just one click and never leave the site. The only problem was the links all went to Amazon U.S., and many of our readers are in other countries. I had to put a disclaimer on the website to remind visitors we are in all Amazon stores. Which meant non-U.S. readers had to go searching on Amazon in their country to find our books. Now just a few months later, a new app has come along that makes ‘smart links’ to Amazon. It will detect details of the visitor and bring up her country’s Amazon store or the proper marketplace for her device. One link serving a global audience. Of course, that meant going through the site and redoing everything, but this was such a great app, and it offers so much to our visitors, that I just had to do it. Plus, it cost me nothing. What more could heart desire? So wherever you are and whatever device you are browsing on, the new smart links on Sixth Sense Books should make it easier for you to find out more about our books, to find them in the right store and to easily buy them if you wish. We welcome your feedback about how this new system is working for you. Just post your question or comment in the Comments section below. Thanks for being part of the Sixth Sense Books Community!

package errors import "net/http" type RestError struct { Message string `json:"message"` Status int `json:"code"` Error string `json:"error"` } func BadRequestError(message string) *RestError { return &RestError{ Message: message, Status: http.StatusBadRequest, Error: "bad request", } } func UserAlreadyPresent(message string) *RestError { return &RestError{ Message: message, Status: http.StatusBadRequest, Error: "User already present", } } func UserNotFoundError(message string) *RestError { return &RestError{ Message: message, Status: http.StatusBadRequest, } }

Genarally, metal processing milling machine has two kinds of milling methods, forward milling and reverse milling. When using forward milling, the effect of the cutter on the workpiece is the same as the feed direction of the cutter in the feed direction. Reverse milling is the opposite direction. 1.Advantages and disadvantages of circular forward milling When the forward milling is done, the force on the workpiece is reduced by the force of the workpiece, the milling is smooth, and it is suitable for the workpiece which is not easy to be clamped and the slim parts are slim. Cutting edge and the machined surface of the extrusion, friction is small, high quality processing surface. Consume less power. However, when cutting the cutting edge into the workpiece, easy to accelerate the tool wear and damage. Milling force Ff and workpiece feed has the same direction, when the table feed screw and nut gap and bearing the axial clearance is large, the mill machine table will produce intermittent movement, resulting in tooth damage, knife the rod is bent and the workpiece and the fixture are displaced. As the picture shows. 2. Advantages and disadvantages of circular reverse milling In reverse milling, cutting edge along the machined surface of workpiece, surface crust on the cutting edge of small damage. The Ff is opposite to the feeding direction of the workpiece without the movement of the mill machine table. But the Fn is always upwards and requires greater clamping force. The extrusion and friction of the cutting edge and the workpiece surface are serious, which accelerates the cutting edge wear, reduces the life of the milling cutter, and produces a hardened layer on the machined surface of the workpiece, thus reducing the processing quality of the workpiece surface. The power consumed in feed motion is greater. Reverse milling is generally used when milling a circle on a machine tool. When the screw nut transmission pair, the axial clearance is 0.03~0.05 mm, Ff is less than the friction between the mill machine guide rail , milling is not easy to thin and slender workpiece, also can choose forward milling. 3. Forward milling and reverse milling in end milling According to the relative positions between the mill cutter and the workpiece, end milling is divided into two kinds, symmetrical milling and asymmetrical milling. End milling also has forward milling and reverse milling. (1) Symmetrical milling In the end milling, the center of the workpiece is in the center of the milling cutter. In symmetrical milling, half is reverse milling, half is forward milling. Symmetrical milling is used when the side knife is close to the cutter diameter. (2) Asymmetric milling According to cut into the edge and cut out the side of the amount of knife to eat the ratio is divided into asymmetric forward milling and asymmetric reverse milling. Asymmetric forward milling along the milling part of the proportion of large, end milling generally do not use this method. This method is applied to the milling of materials with good plasticity and toughness and hard working hardening, such as stainless steel and heat-resistant alloy steel. The proportion of the counter-milling part of the asymmetric inverse milling is larger and the method is generally used in end milling.

"Albert G. Huffman" in the Civil War Governors of Kentucky Digital Documentary Edition, discovery.civilwargovernors.org/document/N00005796, (accessed April 2, 2020). Stanford, Kentucky, physician and soldier. Married to Permelia Huffman. Father of Montgomery Huffman, Richard C. Huffman, Mary Jane Huffman, Thomas M. Huffman, and Sophia Huffman. Physician in Stanford in 1860. Assistant surgeon in the 1st Kentucky Volunteer Cavalry Regiment (U.S.A.) from March 14, 1863, to June 9, 1864. Eighth Manuscript Census of the United States (1860), Population Schedules, Kentucky, Lincoln County, Stanford, p. 8.

This morning will be cloudy with a few showers. In the afternoon, it will turn drier and the cloud will clear away to the south to leave sunshine. A gentle westerly breeze. This evening will be dry with sunshine. Tonight, it will continue dry with clear skies, although cloud and fog patches will develop towards dawn, bringing the chance of the odd shower. Tomorrow is expected to be a largely cloudy day with the chance of the odd light shower or spot of drizzle. Winds from the west will be gentle. Saturday will be a mostly cloudy day with the odd spot of light rain in places. The cloud may break up to allow some sunshine to develop in the afternoon. Sunday will be mainly dry with sunny spells. However, a band of heavy rain will move in from the west in the evening, which will then clear eastwards overnight. Monday will have a mixture of sunny spells and heavy showers.

Let's go deep into Scala. Scala is a modern multi-paradigm programming language designed to express common programming patterns in a concise, elegant, and type-safe way. Scala smoothly integrates the features of object-oriented and functional languages Scala is statically typed. When we deploy jobs which will run for hours in production, we do not want to discover mid way that the code has unexpected runtime errors. With Scala, you can be sure that your code will not give you unexpected errors while running in production. Since Scala is statically typed we get performance and speed over dynamic languages. Unlike Java, in Scala, we do not have to write quite as much code to perform simple tasks and its syntax is very similar to other data-centric languages. Scala is a stable language used in enterprises, financial sectors, retail, gaming for many years In 1990, Martin Odersky, creator of Scala, made Java better by introducing generics in javac - the Java Compiler In 2001, he decided to create even better Java and in 2003, there was the first experimental release of Scala. To prove the correctness of Scala, scala2.0 was compiled in Scala itself in 2005. In 2011, corporate stewardship was brought to ensure that the language was enterprise ready at all times. Scala compiler compiles scala code into Java bytecode. The resulting bytecode is executed by a JVM - the Java virtual machine. Since Scala and Java have a common runtime, Java libraries may be used directly in Scala code and vice versa.

Robert Oliver and the Twists and Turns of Historical Revisionism. In July, 1988 an anonymous article appeared in the Banner of Truth magazine, surprising and shocking many readers. It was a fierce attack on the person and testimony of William Huntington, known affectionately as ‘the Immortal Coalheaver’. The article, which followed a similar attack on John Gill by Robert Oliver the previous year, was planned to start off what the BOT calls an ‘important controversy’ to warn readers against the traditional Calvinism of these men. In Huntington’s case (though Gill’s was not dissimilar) the BOT were faced with two difficulties. First, it was obvious that Huntington had the largest congregation in London during the latter part of the 18th century and was the most popular and most read Calvinistic preacher and evangelist of his day. This historical fact alone still persuades many Christians to take Huntington’s message seriously. The Banner is now finding it necessary to play these facts down, portraying Huntington as an eccentric bother-causer in some hole-in-a-corner of church history with no lasting testimony to the present generation. The second difficulty was that Huntington was a Five-Point Calvinist of the type that had become very rare indeed as the 18th century ended. This led the Banner to make two very strategic moves. The first was to suggest that though Huntington was sound on the Five-Points, he was far from sound on other doctrines, thus shifting the fulcrum of Calvinism from the doctrines of grace to a new area of discussion. Then as they could neither prove that Huntington was deficient on the Five-Points, nor come up with a contemporary name who was more proficient in those matters, they began to emphasise that Huntington stood alone amongst evangelicals in general and that anybody viewing Huntington as the most vocal preacher and teacher of his day, can only do so if they ‘denigrate’ (their very strong word) his evangelical contemporaries in all denominations . It would now seem that the Banner has stopped looking for a Five-Point man to rival Huntington and is widening its search through all evangelical Christendom to find a greater than he for their argument’s sake. A by-product of the Banner’s new stand, however, is that, in their eyes, in making claims for the historical veracity of Huntington’s position, one is putting oneself outside of their view of evangelicalism. It will soon become apparent what their new view is. The BOT Editorial Director himself claimed responsibility for publishing the 1988 attack and authored the much criticised October, 1994 onslaught. These articles have been shown irrefutably to be written by a man who was not master of his subject and was too emotive and polemic to be objective. This is probably why the Banner refused to print prepared expert criticisms of Mr. Murray’s article yet published shredded snippets of his prejudiced choice from the letters of his private correspondents without seeking their permission. This stratagem alone proves the lost nature of the BOT’s cause. I informed Mr. Murray of my coming book Pastor of Providence and he timed his October attack on Huntington to coincide with its publication, not informing me, though we were in correspondence at the time. After publication, the BOT realised that they needed an ‘expert’ to tackle the new problems which my book brought for them, in particular my well-documented proof of Huntington’s contemporary and lasting importance. They thus approached Dr. Robert Oliver who had already assisted them in labelling Gill as a Hyper-Calvinist. Oliver’s credentials are that he has written a thesis on the 18th century and was brought up amongst Huntingtonians but reacted strenuously against their views and became a fierce opponent of Huntington. The BOT did not think it worth their while to invite a scholar who was sympathetic to Huntington’s stand or one who had benefited from his teaching. This is a great pity as Oliver has obviously a strong emotive prejudice against Huntington. Though I admit that I am highly biased in a positive way in my regard for Huntington, a reviewer who feels nothing but abhorrence for his subject, is hardly the man to look to for an objective evaluation. Oliver, I know, would say the same thing about my views concerning Fuller but Huntington was the subject of my book, not Fuller. Oliver acknowledges that Fuller was one of Huntington’s ‘sternest critics’ and this is the only reason why he comes into my story. In the two alleged reviews of Pastor of Providence written by Dr Robert Oliver in the BOTM and the EN, he calls my well-documented evidence ‘historical revisionism’, hoping by this to pave the way for his own version of history. My questions then to the Oliver/ Murray team are, “What is your version? If Huntington was not the most vocal, influential and useful preacher of his day, and a Five-Point man to boot, who was? The answer is as obvious as it is dubious. Andrew Fuller (1754-85), the introducer of Anglican Latitudinarianism into Baptist faith and practice and the disciple of Hugo Grotius the Dutch moral philosopher and anti-Calvinist, is presented as the one who fulfils all that I claim for Huntington. Oliver’s BOT review is thus not so much an evaluation of my book on Huntington but a presentation of Oliver’s candidature for evangelical honours. This view gives rise to more than a few problems. Fuller did not have anywhere near as great a preaching ministry as Huntington, nor as great a ministry in writing. Indeed, the bulk of Fuller’s written work deals with heavy criticism from evangelicals of all kinds and from numerous denominations who all say truthfully that Fuller has departed from orthodoxy in his controversial work The Gospel Worthy of All Acceptation. Oliver is fully aware of these problems and his offering Fuller as a substitute for Huntington obviously causes him some embarrassment. He is not ‘happy’ with Fuller’s heretical doctrine of figurative imputation and he finds Fuller’s heretical view of the Fall ‘unhelpful’. Orthodox Calvinists of his day, including Huntington, found Fuller’s doctrines sheer heresy! My portrayal of Huntington’s doctrine shows that he is perfectly orthodox on the matter of the sin, the fall, redemption, penal substitution, the vicarious suffering of Christ and the imputation of our sins to Christ and His righteousness to us. These are doctrines which, in contrast to Calvin, Fuller says are merely figures of speech and not the ‘proper’ signifiers of what actually happened. Yet Oliver still puts Fuller forward as his man. If Oliver expects us to believe that Fuller represents mainline Calvinism, as he claims, he will expect us to believe anything! If this is not historical and theological revisionism, what is? The extraordinary thing about Oliver’s reviews is that though I have scrutinised Huntington’s life and testimony by the light of over 200 passages from Scripture, Oliver does not bring one Scriptural reference of his own to back up his fierce criticism. He does mention one verse I quote, arguing polemically that I ‘pour scorn’ on Fuller’s use of a verse, a use with which he obviously agrees, and quotes Calvin in Fuller’s support. The passage is John 6:29, “This is the work of God, that ye believe on him whom he hath sent’. My argument is that Fuller has completely misunderstood the text and Oliver’s quote from Calvin in no way backs up what Fuller claims. The context of Fuller’s application of John 6:29 is in The Gospel Worthy of All Acceptation where he is talking of those in Isaiah 55:1-7 who are hungering and thirsting after righteousness and pardon. The context concerns the elect Bride of Christ of whom we read, “For thy maker is thine husband; the Lord of hosts is his name: and thy Redeemer the Holy One of Israel” (54:5). The Bride is promised everlasting kindness and mercy from the hand of her Lord (v.8) which will never fail. Christ’s Bride is also told that her righteousness is of the Lord (v.17). The elect are then called to faith and repentance in Isaiah 55. The whole passage is deeply spiritual and as deeply soteriological. Fuller rejects any spiritual interpretation of this passage. He says “The thirst which they are supposed to possess does not mean a holy desire after spiritual blessings, but the natural desire of happiness which God has implanted in every bosom.” Thus Fuller sees no spiritual response required from the sinner here but a mere natural response. He then goes on to say that ‘the New Testament is still more explicit than the Old’ and quotes John 6:29 to underline what man in his fallen nature is expected to do i.e. respond to his natural abilities. This is the Latidudinarianism of Toland and Tillotson not the doctrine of Huntington or Calvin. Let us look closely at John 6:29 which cannot possibly carry Fuller’s meaning. This text of all texts makes it very clear whence faith comes. Anyone, however, concluding from this exposition that human responsibility is not required must be an Antinomian indeed. Natural abilities are not the custodians of faith but God-given responsibilities through God-given grace are. God’s eternal standards, reflected in his eternal Law, also reflect His eternal nature and the eternal nature of His Son. These eternal standards are now our eternal standards. They were never recognised as such before we were saved as we could never attain them to make them are standard. We were at enmity with them in our sinful state and could not comprehend their holiness so as to use them to reach God. Christ has not only taken away our enmity towards Him but also our enmity towards the Law. We can now love God but we can also love the Law. We love it because it killed our sinful pride and we love it because we are now under the Law to Christ whose standards we wish to obey. To serve Him in holy living is our aim, though the old Adam still wars against us. Oliver is obviously frightened that such an interpretation takes man’s responsibility too lightly, so he sides with Fuller who lays the onus of activity on man. This is not Christian logic. No true Christian would deny that man is responsible for not believing but he would, I trust, deny that man has any natural abilities to exercise faith. When Fuller says, ‘men have the same power, strictly speaking, before they are wrought upon by the Holy Spirit, as after; and before conversion as after; that the work of the Spirit endows us with no new rational powers, nor any powers that are necessary to moral agency; ‘ he is both implying that fallen man has still the natural ability to believe and also denying the total depravity of man whose sin ‘marred all’ and even drew nature itself down with his total fall. Nevertheless Oliver challenges my statement that Fuller taught that God would never demand of man what he could not naturally do. A brief glance through his The Gospel Worthy of All Acceptation will show that Fuller majors on this very point. Arthur Kirkby is quite correct when he so succinctly sums up Fuller’s belief in the words ‘I could if I would’. Oliver accuses me of misusing sources whereby he means that he either lacks information which I have or he interprets these things differently, or, as in at least five cases, he has overlooked my evidence. I am, for instance, accused of getting Abraham Taylor’s Arminianism and Thomas Newton’s Evangelicalism wrong, yet I was quite correct. Modern research is coming round to the opinion that Taylor took the ‘wrong’ side in the Arminian-Calvinist controversy . His contemporaries such as John Gill and John Brine were convinced of this and Brine wrote his A Refutation of Arminian Principles in 1743 against Taylor. Gill combated Taylor’s Arminian views on election and good works in his God’s Everlasting Love to His Elect (1732) and The Necessity of Good Works unto Salvation Considered (1738) It was Taylor, of course, who helped Fuller change his views concerning the fall and redemption and Taylor who turned radically from the Five-Point Calvinism of his own father. It would be an anachronism to call Taylor a Fullerite as, in many ways, he is the father of Fullerism, but he cannot be called a traditional Calvinist. Dr Thomas Newton, of course, was the darling of Evangelicals for many years and his 3 volume Dissertation on the Prophesies which have been remarkably fulfilled (1754-58) was highly regarded by evangelicals as irrefutable. He developed his ‘general armistice for all including the devil’ theory in later life. Some modern evangelicals hold this theory yet are still called ‘evangelicals’. Iain Murray is now circulating a printed defence of Oliver admitting that Newton was an Anglican Evanglical but arguing that I refer to Newton as a bishop and Newton ceased to be an evangelical on becoming a bishop, so Oliver was correct to say that ‘Bishop Newton was not an evangelical.’ This is sheer sophism. The whole point of my one-off reference to Newton was to show how he was leaving the straight and narrow and taking others with him i.e. departing from the evangelical path. Oliver has obviously missed the point. My use of the generic term ‘Baptist’ for Independents on p. 166 of the biography, for which Oliver makes a special point of criticism, reflects the church organisation I have been familiar with on the Continent for over 30 years. I have been told that this is no longer British practice but in 18th century England the terms ‘Baptist’, ‘Congregational’ and ‘Independent’ were interchangeable to a certain extent. Gill’s Baptist church at Higham-Ferrers, for instance, was called an Independent church and in Huntington’s day a good number of Independent and Baptist congregations were mixed communion churches and could hardly be distinguished. I admit the unsuitable nomenclature but do not find that it affects my argument in any way. Oliver accuses me of misusing quotes concerning Ryland and Haweis and advises readers to check for themselves in the sources I give. I trust they will call his bluff. I have been just and accurate in my assessment of Haweis and have been guarded in my quotes on Ryland because of his friendship with Gill and Hervey and because he stands head and shoulders over Fuller. If readers look up Jay, they will find comments on Ryland that are utterly frightening such as his threat of violence, his lack of self-control, his eccentricity which Jay admits might appear ‘like a degree of derangement’, and ‘his bursting forth into a dreadful imprecation’. See also Robert Hall’s statement that Ryland was a ‘bloody-minded master’ quoted by Underwood. Out of respect for Ryland, and the fact that he became more and more eccentric as old age crept on, I declined from quoting the more extreme cases, though they would have been wind in the sails of my argument. Oliver, because of his bluff, now forces his readers to wade through such information. Similarly, if Oliver believes that Jay gave Haweis a glowing testimony, he is satisfied with less than I am. Further information regarding Haweis can be gathered from my book Poet of Paradise. Oliver is likewise inaccurate in his criticism concerning my portrayal of Ryland’s revolutionary views. He challenges the fact that Ryland was apprehended by a King’s Messenger for anti-government remarks in the pulpit although this is given in Bull, a book which I quote and with which Oliver claims familiarity . Oliver is aware that there are at least three reports of Ryland’s revolutionary politics in circulation (i.e. such were aired in the school, in the parlour and in the pulpit) yet he claims that the three are identical and were made in the parlour. There is no cause for this harmonising of evidence. Ryland was the kind of man that spoke his mind everywhere – but especially at his barber’s. Surely Ryland’s revolutionary ideas were dangerous wherever they were uttered, especially as they were uttered before highly influential Baptists in all the cases mentioned. These revolutionary views spread through Northamptonshire and Norfolk and brought the Baptists into disrepute both at home and abroad . Church historians, whether Anglicans such as Plummer or Dissenters, such as Bogue and Bennet, argue that Dissenters in general supported the revolution. John Gill and John Martin were two of the few Baptists who protested at this lack of respect for their government. Huntington, as an Independent, took the same line. Oliver, moved by my portrayal of what happened to Huntington’s critics, and possibly worried about what might happen to him, has the nerve to state that “Dr. Ella . . . has to admit that Rowland Hill the most persistent critic outlived Huntington” (p.19). He then gives a page reference to back up this slip of the tongue where Hill is not even mentioned. No such statement or hint occurs anywhere in my book! In fact, I stress that Huntington always respected Hill more than his other critics. Here Oliver is obviously insinuating that I grudgingly have to face the fact that Hill did not die as punishment for criticising Huntington. Must we drop to such levels in a controversy, however ‘important’? Dr Oliver also accuses me of dismissing ‘the early missionary movement in a footnote ‘ though I do no such thing. 17th century John Eliot, the ‘Apostle to the Indians’ has been a hero of mine since my youth, as also Brainerd, who followed in his footsteps. Cranz in Greenland and Ziegenbalg’s work in India have long fired me with a zeal to evangelise the nations. August Hermann Franke and Cotton Mather on missionary strategy have thrilled me for years. Even those missionaries of a later time such as William Carey and J. G. Paton, about whom I have a shelf full of precious books, are a constant encouragement. I am trying to get Paton’s biography published in German at present. Who, too, would not praise God for the zeal of a John Howard, serving the Lord in the prisons of eastern Europe? I was called to the European mission field spontaneously with my conversion and my first testimony to a stranger of my new birth and calling was to Omri Jenkins, then Chairman of the European Missionary Fellowship. As soon as my studies were over, I took the gospel to northenmost Lapland teaching Scripture in a nomad school and wandering 25-35 kilometres a day through bog-lands to visit the Lapps with the gospel. I have witnessed for Christ in the mountains, woods and valleys as well as in the rugged mining and steel-working areas on this Continent for 30 years without ever going back to live for more than two or three weeks in England, a country I love. Then Oliver misreads a remark in a footnote and drops an innuendo as if I despise missionary work! Oliver overlooks the fact that I not only mention Huntington’s valid cause for complaint in a lengthy footnote on p. 331 but I also deal briefly with this topic, which is not central to Huntington’s biography, on pages 171 and 172. Huntington’s main criticism (here aimed at the recently formed, non-church-based LMS) was directed against para-church activities and sending inexperienced men into the dangers of the foreign mission field. These were criticisms shared by many of Huntington’s evangelical contemporaries including Thomas Scott . This was also Spurgeon’s well-known criticism of the Baptist Missionary Society. If Oliver were to examine Huntington’s missionary strategy – and mine – he would find that he was all for a Bible and church-based evangelism but not for substituting membership of a society for the real thing. Huntington’s and Spurgeon’s criticisms still need to be remembered in modern missionary work, although much has been learnt since their days. Again Oliver has been careless with his criticism. I distinctly refer in the context to the para-church situation contemporary to Huntington and not to the Europe-wide church-based activity of ‘the early missionary movement’ which pre-dated Huntington by at least a century. Henry Sant points out in his review of The Pastor of Providence in this issue how inaccurate Oliver is in claiming Huntington as the first offender in the DeFleury/Ryland versus Huntington debate. Miss DeFleury actually opened the debate in 1787 in her A Letter to the Rev. William Huntington. A Reply to the Modern Plasterer and in 1788 with her Serious Address, with Remarks on Mr. Huntington’s Sermon. and her An Answer to the Daughter’s Defence of her Father, the ‘father’, being Huntington, the ‘daughter’ being Elizabeth Morton, whom Huntington rescued from Romanism and led to Christ. Huntington did not retaliate until several broadsides had been fired by DeFleury. Oliver has no case for claiming that Huntington used ‘lambastic language’ against DeFleury though he is shocked because Huntington accuses her of being what she was, ‘intemperate’, in her language. How would he describe DeFleury’s name-calling? For instance, her taking away Huntington’s S.S. (Sinner Saved) and giving him the title MBA (Master of the Black Arts)? A fuller consideration of this matter is necessary but, I believe I have made my point. The reviewer also claims unconvincingly that Huntington’s language is abusive though his quotes from Fuller contain stronger language than those from Huntington (p. 18). Oliver, quotes odd words which misrepresent Huntington’s language completely. Typical of modern Fullerism is that they are shy of references to the ‘killing’ nature of the law and the fact that it makes ‘Pharisees’ of those who approach it with a legalistic spirit, to mention two of Oliver’s examples. The Biblical word ‘bastard’ is also too down to earth for Oliver’s delicate ears. Fuller taught that as all children know instinctively what the wish of their father is, so all sinners know instinctively what God expects of them. Huntington taught the Biblical doctrine of sons, who know their father’s will and bastards who do not. If Oliver were to compare Huntington’s language in controversy with that of Wesley or Hill, he would be surprised how sober it is. Yet, whenever Huntington lost his temper, his friends found him spending hours on his knees pleading for mercy and forgiveness. Oliver accuses me of tarring Fuller, John Collet Ryland, Dr Ryland and Dr Rippon with the same brush although I merely mention the points where they agreed against Huntington. It was beyond the scope of my work to examine their entire theology. Ryland Sen. certainly did not accept Fuller’s theory concerning a restricted depravity, nor his theory of imputed righteousness but he went even further than Fuller in his doctrine of Adamic restitution. Dr Ryland, I believe was led more astray by Fuller than his father, who took his own path. Neither the father nor the son accepted Fuller’s strong condemnation of Gill, nor did they share Fuller’s view of baptism and criticism of Evangelicals in the Anglican Church. Dr Rippon neither shared Fuller’s criticism of Gill nor much of Fuller’s Latitudinarianism. He was too practical for such theological suicide. Yet he often followed Fuller’s advice, at times very closely. He, too, was caught up in the catching enthusiasm of Fuller’s personality. It was deep admirable friendship which bound these men, not theology. Huntington, Oliver believes, misrepresents law and grace, though his evidence does not indicate this. He produces nothing from Huntington’s works which cannot be found in the old Puritans, especially Traill. It is amusing to notice that Traill is highly respected by so-called ‘moderate Calvinists’ but when Huntington, almost verbatim, says the same things as Traill, whom he obviously studied closely, the same people cry, “Antinomian”. In his Evangelical Now review, Oliver puts his own orthodoxy at jeopardy by disagreeing with Huntington who believed that ‘the ten commandments, exclusive of other parts of Scripture, are not a sufficient rule for the real believer’s life, walk and conversation.’ Is Oliver saying that he was converted and became a Christian and learnt to love Christ and walk by faith, trusting in the sanctifying work of the Holy Spirit by striving to keep the ten commandments? Is there no New Testament in Oliver’s canon? In keeping with modern legalists, Oliver objects to my using Acts 13:39 “By him (Christ) all that believe are justified from all things from which ye could not be justified by the law of Moses” as an antidote against legalism. He puts ‘over against’ this, with obvious approval, the words of Fuller, “To allege there are things in the precepts of the New Testament which are not specifically required by the decalogue is mere evasion.” Is this really Oliver’s view? This is the position of Christian Pharisees who argue that Christian perfection is attainable through obeying the Law and one evades this issue when one talks of a Better Way. Such Fullerites always evade this vital issue in debate as it spoils their legal system completely. This is perhaps why there is no reference to Acts 13:39 (actually, it occurs once in a list of Scriptures without a comment: later note by author) in all of Fuller’s works! But we are still “justified from all things from which we could not be justified by the law of Moses”, however Fuller or Oliver try to ‘evade’ the fact. Oliver rejects all I have to say concerning Fuller’s remarks on Huntington, which makes me feel he has not considered them very deeply. The case of The Picture of An Antinomian, which Oliver will not accept at all as referring to Huntington is interesting. After the BOT had accused Huntington of Antinomianism, I requested evidence from Iain Murray. This was because Huntington’s numerous writings against Antinomianism and for the eternal nature of the Law had helped and influenced me for the good. His doctrine of sanctification – which Oliver has fully misunderstood – had shown me the true Biblical conception of that holiness without which no man shall see the Lord and rescued me from thinking, even as a converted man, that if I did my bit, God would do His. As ‘proof’, Mr Murray sent me, along with other friends, a cutting of the Portrait of an Antinomian.. I replied that the article neither referred to Huntington nor bore Fuller’s name and seemed to be mere vicious gossip. Mr Murray assured me of the identity of both author and subject. After checking the sources (which Oliver’s footnotes show he possesses), I agreed with Mr Murray’s judgement and thus used the article in a defence which I wrote for the Banner but which they rejected and which became the nucleus of my book. If Oliver is now arguing that this document is no longer a basis for presuming that Huntington was an Antinomian, then the BOT should announce this openly and withdraw their faulty conclusions drawn from it. The evidence for the article’s reference to Huntington is that on December 21st 1801, Fuller wrote that someone had asked him to write on spiritual pride, to which he answered, ‘I feel myself much more capable of depicting Antinomian pride, than the other. For this purpose I have procured Huntington’s works. But, in reading them, I am stopped for a time. I have eight or nine volumes! I never read any thing more void of true religion. I do not think of naming him, or his works, or those of any other person; but merely to draw pictures , and let the reader judge who they are like.’ Thus, after procuring Huntington’s books, Fuller drew his own discoloured Picture of an Antinomian which would be so obvious that the readers would know who he was writing about. Besides, who else could Fuller be referring to as Oliver and Murray argue that Huntington stood quite alone amongst ministers in his heresy? I cannot possibly dwell on all of Oliver’s attacks against Huntington, though I believe he could not be more wrong on every point. One further instance must suffice. In his Evangelical Now review, Oliver appends a comment to a reference from my book on p. 47 with the astounding claim that Huntington believed that saved sinners may sin with impunity and are indeed required of God to do so and thus remain sinless. I make no such allegations, nor is evidence forthcoming in the references Oliver gives from Huntington’s works. Oliver is quite simply either guilty of a reading error or an over-heated imagination. Huntington is arguing, in the passage Oliver cites, that if the Law actually did lead to Life and not Grace, then there would be no Old Testament saint who could stand before Christ’s Judgement Seat and claim he had deserved and thus gained that Life. Oliver has also here failed to consider the Pauline doctrine of the two Adams which explains why there is both sin and sanctification in man at the same time. This teaching is at the heart of Huntington’s theology and would help Oliver with most of his problems concerning Huntington’s writings on sin’s presence in the believer and the doctrines of sanctification and justification. (Note: I was not aware at the time of writing this article that the BOT rejected the Two Nature doctrine). Oliver responds to my loving portrayal of the grace of God in the life and testimony of William Huntington with a breathtaking display of negative, destructive enthusiasm. He will not give Huntington brotherly support in condemning the sins and follies of the age he lived in and he finds no cause to praise God in the story of Huntington’s enormous outreach. He sees no comfort in Huntington’s sermons about being reconciled to Christ and having the glorious privilege of being endued with our Saviour’s imputed righteousness. He brings Huntington’s high view of holiness and sanctification down to mud-level. The holy lives of a Rusk or a Brook or a Burrell leave him cold. Even the testimony of Lloyd-Jones fails to move him. Instead, as in the previous two Banner articles on Huntington, he brings long-refuted prejudices to bear which, to this writer, reflect a paucity of spiritual understanding, insight and experience which is terrible to behold. Oliver professes to be an expert on Huntington and to have studied him carefully. Huntington always taught people to study with their heads and their hearts and make experimental the blessings of their reading. Oliver is apparently still taking Huntington in rationally and has yet to apply Huntington’s teaching to his heart.

Do you know what Renewable Energy Source Biomasseree Exam Helps Online is? In this piece I’ll be taking a look at the online resource that students and educators can use to help them gain access to resources and information that can assist them in the time-honored educational pursuit of mastering the subject of Biomassiology. As you’ll soon discover, there are a great many good reasons to turn to online sources to assist you in your bio exam preparation. While this subject has been around for centuries, it is only in recent years that it has experienced a remarkable rise in interest and awareness. Indeed, many educators have made considerable progress in understanding and preparing for the Biomass Biology Biomass Certification Exams. For example, a few years ago, the Secretary of Education referred to a lack of understanding and interest in studying and attempting to master the subject of Biomes. We have already covered the fact that the subject of Biomes has been around for thousands of years but also remember that the topic is an extremely important one. For starters, there are a great many good reasons why Biomes is so important. If you’re keen to explore further, and if you’re wondering whether Renewable Energy Source Biomasscium Exam Helps Online is right for you, then you’ll find that there are many useful resources that you can use to help you get to grips with Biomes. However, while most websites will provide a wealth of resources, a number of the better sites will also include the Biomass Certification Exams as part of their library of online material. So, if you’re interested in improving your knowledge of Biomes, it’s essential that you take a look at what’s on offer at these sites. By taking Biomass Certification Exams, you can fully grasp the concepts involved. To begin with, the most common problem that educators face is simply too much studying. Because it is so difficult to tackle even a few subjects at a time, it’s necessary to make use of online resources which will enable you to study at your own pace. So, it’s very practical to take an online course that includes both textbooks and online modules which enable you to study at your own pace. This is a fantastic way to increase your academic knowledge and you can really learn a lot from online resource materials. On top of this, you’ll also find that the BioCertification exams that are on offer are all graded for both written and practical examinations so you can maximize your chances of passing the exams if you take a look at the Biomass Certification Exams included on the site. The exam material will also include Biomass Certification Exams Handouts which is available for you to use as you progress through the tests. However, if you’d prefer to do it at your own pace, you can use the information that you gather through the various approaches to study it at your own pace and as quickly as you wish. It’s a wonderful thing indeed that many individuals can make use of Renewable Energy Source Biomasseree Exam Help Online and this is certainly something to be considered seriously by people wanting to continue their education. If you decide to avail of such online resources, it’s a good idea to take a look at the Biomass Certification Exams that is offered. It can be very beneficial to take advantage of these resources so you can make use of the curriculum to help you understand the principles of Biomass Chemistry. In the end, you can see that it’s certainly not a bad idea to turnto Renewable Energy Source Biomasseree Exam Help Online when you want to study Biomes. Indeed, you’ll find that it’s not so much the topics that you can learn, but rather that you can make use of the interactive sessions that accompany the BioCertification Exams to gain a better understanding of the concept. Your chances of passing the exams are quite high, so it’s certainly worth taking the time to explore the resources available online. Indeed, you’ll be glad you did.

Drainage is the act if naturally or artificially removing of surface and subsurface water from the area that is in excess of water. Drainage is basically done for the purposes of flood avoidance as well as preventing other damages associated with excess or uncontrolled water. Drainage at homes plays a vital role in the maintenance of the house. It’s mainly of two forms. There is the foul drainage and the water surface drainage. Foul drainage is the type of drainage that removes excess and unwanted water from places such as toilets, sinks, washing machines, and dishwashers. Water surface drainage, on the other hand, is concerned with collecting water from the rainfalls. Other types of drainage include the French drains, footing drains, gutter drainage systems as well as the grading drainage. All these methods of drainage play a significant role In structures in that they prevent the cracking of the foundations of a house which usually compromises the integrity of a house. They also reduce the health risks to individuals which may be brought up by the growth of the molds in the basements of the house. A well drainage home maintains its value since is not faced with damages that are normally caused by water. Other benefits of water drainage include the safety guarantees to the individuals living in a certain house. If drainage is properly managed, it reduces the instances of blockages that are caused by sediment erosion and the waste materials that are not properly disposed of. Drainage that is not well managed can also lead to cracks in the walls of the house as well as the rooftops that are made of concrete, putting those living in the house at risk because if the cracks continue, they may lead to collapse. Proper drainage also provides a healthy environment to both individuals and the surrounding plants. Proper drainage ensures that there is no stagnant water in the compound that later result in diseases such as bilharzia. Proper drainage also ensures healthy grounds for plants to survive. This is where the stagnant water that may make these plants to die is disposed of properly. Proper drainage also prevents the invasion of insects such as mosquitoes that cause malaria. Drainage also ensures the proper use of water at homes. If water is properly drained, then there is a proper and effective use of water. This is achieved through the construction of gutters to harvest the rainwater as well as piping which facilitates proper flow of water. Drainage also reduces the instances of soil erosion. For instance, the construction of gutters in a house reduces the direct splashes of raindrops which leads to splash erosion. Water drainage also greatly prevents split erosion through the construction of good drainage paths that directs water to the desired destination. Finally, good drainage prevents excess accumulation of water that leads to flooding as well as toxic materials in the structures. Use of proper drainage systems ensures that water from rainfall and the used water in homes are properly disposed of hence reducing flooding cases. It also ensures that the toxic and hazardous materials, such as those contained in toilet water are properly disposed of hence reducing the harm to the human health. If You Think You Understand , Then This Might Change Your Mind

Unmasking the Purim story Purim celebrates a miraculous salvation that took place over 2,000 years ago, in the Persian- Median Empire. But its message is as relevant today as ever. Purim literally means a lottery, a reference to the lot that the wicked Haman drew. The name of the holiday implies fate and chance – the roll of the dice, the luck of the draw. And at first glance, the story of Purim appears to be a series of mere coincidences. When reading the megilah, you get the feeling that the narrative is written like a great piece of classical literature: Heroes and villains, high drama and suspense, climax and The fabric of the story is tightly woven. The plot thickens with all of its twists and turns. But behind this “storybook drama” lies something profound. According to Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik, one of the lessons of the Purim story is that man is vulnerable. One minute everything is fine and then suddenly, without warning, the Jewish People across the entire Persian Empire are confronted with the threat of destruction. story merely a string of events strung together with no meaning? Is life just a series of events? Are we merely subject to the whim of an evil tyrant? A pliable king? Esther is one of the books of our holy Bible, but God is not mentioned, not even once. According to our tradition, He is hiding. The Talmud (Hullin 139b) asks, “Where is [there an allusion to] Esther in the Torah?” The Talmud then cites the verse from the Torah’s admonition that speaks of hester panim – God seemingly hiding His face amidst Jewish suffering – “And I will surely hide (haster astir) My face from you.” And yet, there is a tradition that in the book of Esther, when we read the word ha-Melekh, “the King,” it’s not only a reference to King Achashverosh, but therein lies an allusion to God, the King of ON PURIM, we are challenged to see God, the King, in the narrative; to search for him; to seek him out. He appears to be “hidden,” in the fabric of this tightly woven tale, but indeed He is pulling the strings from behind the curtain. The name of the book itself Megillat Esther, in fact, can be understood to mean “revealing the hidden.” But it’s not enough to see God in the Purim story; we are challenged to find him in the narrative of our lives: in our trials and tribulations, in the vicissitudes of life; the ups and downs of our personal lives. And it’s true for our national life as well – Purim challenges us to see God behind the curtain on the stage of modern history as it unfolds before our eyes. Purim is a topsy-turvy day. Everything is upside down. We hide behind costumes to remind us that to truly see is to peel back the layers of perception. Some drink in excess to access a deeper reality, one beyond logic or reason. We recognize that redemption can come in places we least expect it, and that the plans and schemes of our enemies can be foiled just as quickly as they were hatched. Being human, we are limited in our ability to understand. Tragic events seem senseless, without a rhyme or reason. World events can seem confusing, with the future uncertain. On Purim, we recognize that God’s hand is guiding it all. The King is working behind the We may not understand all of the twists and turns of the plot, but we know the Author. The writer lives and teaches in Jerusalem and is the author of Mishteh Shimshon on the Laws of Purim. His forthcoming book is Return Again: The Argument for Aliyah.

Published in january 2005 A good number of American archeologists like to say that Luzia is an aberration. An exception, and not the rules amongst the first inhabitants of the Americas, the so-called paleo-indians, usually described as Mongoloids, with oriental traits, similar to today’s Asians and native Brazilians. Luzia is the name given to the skull of a young woman who lived (and died) about 11,000 years ago in the region of Lagoa Santa, in the environs of Belo Horizonte, the capital of the state of Minas Gerais, rich in prehistorical sites. The polemical bone find in Minas Gerais shocked the traditionalists for not showing cranial characteristics compatible with Mongoloid populations. Its features recall those of the present day Australian aborigines and African blacks. This discrepancy led researchers Walter Neves, from the Human Evolutionary Studies Laboratory of the University of São Paulo (USP), and Hector Pucciarelli, from the University of La Plata, Argentina, to propose, back at the end of the 1980s, an alternative theory to explain the colonization of the Americas. According to Neves and Pucciarelli, at least 12,000 years ago, the first waves of individuals similar to Luzia, coming from Asia, would have set foot in the New World. Also coming from Asia, the Mongoloids, from which all the indigenous tribes still to be found today between Patagonia and Alaska descend, would only have reached the continent some time afterwards. Both the populations used the same access path of entry to the Americas, the Bering Strait. Using very high tones, the critics of this model say that the South Americans have constructed a thesis from just one skull. But new studies published by Neves and collaborators from 1999 onwards showing that pre-historical human populations similar to Luzia were not rarities in the Americas and that their geographical distribution was not restricted to the outskirts of the capital of Minas Gerais. Now, two works have just come out that provide support for the alternative theory on the colonization of the Americas. In an article printed in the latest edition of the British magazine World Archaeology, a team of researchers coordinated by Neves presents nine skulls found in Cerca Grande, a complex of seven prehistoric sites located in the region of Lagoa Santa. All the bone finds show Afro-aboriginal characteristics and an age estimated at about 9,000 years. “Luzia is not an anomaly”, says Neves, whose studies are funded by a FAPESP thematic project. In another work, published in December in the American periodical Current Research in the Pleistocene, the archeologist from USP analyzes a skull, also roughly 9,000 years old and with black traits, that came from Toca das Onças, a site rich in prehistorical material located in Caatinga do Moura, in Bahia. As opposed to the typical anatomy of the Mongoloid peoples, the skulls of the Brazilian paleo-indians are thinner and longer, with the jaws more thrust forward, and low and not very broad cheeks. The existence of such an old bone find, associated with non-Mongoloid populations originating from a region far away from Lagoa Santa, suggests that this physical type was spread through other parts of the country, at some moment of prehistory. “Its geographical distribution was wider than used to be thought”, comments Castor Cartelle, from the National Sciences Museum of the Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais (PUC/MG), a co-author of the article on the skull from Toca das Onças. “Perhaps the presence of individuals of the black type occurred all along the basin of the São Francisco River, going as far as Piauí.” Cartelle, incidentally, coordinated the team that found the human skull from Toca das Onças, in an expedition to the region of Bahia at the end of the 1970s. Today, this archeological material is part of the collection of the museum at PUC/MG. The nine skulls from Cerca Grande were collected even longer ago, on a trip to Lagoa Santa made in 1956 by the American, Wesley Hurt, and the Brazilian, Oldemar Blasi, both archeologists. These fragments of skeletons are currently part of the collections of the National Museum of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). “The Cerca Grande site has all been destroyed, due to the removal of the limestone and calcite from the region”, comments Blasi, who is 86 years old today, and went back to the place with Neves’s team in 2001. Neves decided to study in detail the skulls from Cerca Grande and Toca das Onças, in the hope of getting more input for his thesis on the colonization of the Americas. He made it. “As I am facing a lot of criticism from colleagues, in particular from the United States, I decided to publish analyses about the largest possible number of prehistoric skulls from different sites in Lagoa Santa, from other places in Brazil, and even from abroad”, says the archeologist from USP. Strictly speaking, he started this academic crusade in favor of his ideas in 2003, with an article in the Journal of Human Evolution, in which he analyzes six paleo-indian skulls (also around 9,000 years old), coming from Santana do Riacho, in the Cipó mountain range, a region not very distant from Belo Horizonte. And he intends to carry on, throughout the whole year of 2005, with this strategy of pointing out that Luzia was not alone. Neves promises to publish shortly evidence that there were also paleo-indians similar to the Australian aborigines in the state of São Paulo, and even in Mexico. It is not easy to find evidence for the controversial thesis that the first inhabitants of the Americas were not Mongoloids. A human skeleton, or part of it, has to meet two requirements to be classified as belonging to a paleoindian of Negroid traits: to be the target of minimally reliable dating (the cost of which is very expensive) and undergoing rigorous statistical evidence about their anatomical conformation. Neves believes he has overcome these two stages in a satisfactory manner in his recent work with human bone finds in Lagoa Santa. Of the nine skulls from Cerca Grande analyzed in the scientific article in World Archaeology, two had their age determined in a direct way, by the carbon 14 method. This kind of measurement, more reliable and the target of less criticisms, is only possible to be done when collagen has been preserved in the skeleton, something that is difficult to happen in the Lagoa Santa region. Luzia, for example, did not have this element that is indispensable for the carbon 14 test. Its antiquity was established in an indirect way, an approach that was also used to locate in time the other seven skulls from Cerca Grande. By this method, the researchers associate the object of their study – the skeleton of a human or an animal – with some element from the prehistoric site whose age is known or estimated, like rocks, artifacts, or sedimentary layers. “It isn’t ideal, but we often have to resort to indirect datings”, Neves comments. To say that a prehistoric skull is similar to a given biological group, the researchers resort to comparative anatomy. Neves makes a point of he himself carrying out the measurements of the skulls that are targeted in his scientific articles. This is how he guarantees standardization of procedures in carrying out the task. The measurements of the bones are submitted to computer models that compare them with dozens of physical parameters – in the case of Cerca Grande, 27 variables for the skulls of women, and 43 for those of men – displayed by the main biological groups that there are in existence today in the world. After the comparison is concluded, the program positions the material analyzed, in relation to the contemporary physical standards. According to Neves, the computer models place the nine skulls from Cerca Grande, like Luzia and the material from Toca das Onças in Bahia, alongside the African ones from the Sahara and those of the aborigines from Australia – and far from the Mongoloids (the present day Asians and Amerindians). That does not necessarily mean that Luzia’s people had dark skin, as people tend to think when they look at the artistic reconstitutions of the ancient inhabitants of Lagoa Santa. As the figures are made of dark clay, and their traits suggest populations that today are black, this impression, perhaps erroneously, has become widespread. “The color of the skin is a characteristic that can change rapidly, in a few generations”, Neves comments. There are some points that are difficult to comprehend in the alternative thesis advocated by Neves and his collaborators in the first Homo sapiens in the New World. The main one of them is the reason no descendents of these non-Mongoloid pioneers survived here. Nobody has a totally satisfactory answer to this question, but perhaps time and new archeological evidence will take care of resolving the controversy. In September of last year, for example, the news spread that a skull of about 11,000 years in age, from Mexico, known as Peñon woman, also displays physical traits similar to those of the people from Lagoa Santa. In 2003, an article came out in the Nature magazine in which 33 skeletons are described, also originating from Mexico, which show non-Mongoloid anatomical characteristics, similar to those of Luzia. They are not skulls of prehistoric peoples, but from a Mexican tribe, the Pericues, which lived in isolation until the 16th century in Baja California, when it became extinct after the Spaniards disembarked. If Neves’ theory is correct, the Pericues were perhaps the last remnants of the first non-Mongoloid lineages that occupied the Americas.Republish

Your chance to have a say in future North Devon Council Planning Team - Credit: North Devon Council I am delighted to report that North Devon Council’s Planning Service was ranked the second highest performing authority in the South West in the recent government performance tables. The ratings are based on the number of applications processed between October 1 and December 31 last year within the agreed time. This demonstrates another of the avenues where the council is working hard to help tackle the housing crisis in North Devon. Planners often do not get the praise they deserve for ensuring that new developments bring as many positive benefits for our area as possible. It is easy to be critical of planners but they are often restrained in what they can do by what is in the local plan and/or government policies. Like everywhere else we have government targets to meet but if a proposed development is not acceptable, planning permission should be refused. Often residents do not take an interest in what is being planned in their area until an application comes in for a major development very near their homes. By then it may already have been allocated for development in the joint Torridge / North Devon local plan. So I would encourage everyone to consider participating in the consultations which are now taking place concerning the review of the Local Plan. The project entitled ‘People and Place’ will shape northern Devon over the next twenty or more years so it is really important that we make the right choices. It is a joint venture between Torridge and North Devon Councils and will be looking at many issues such as housing, the environment, sustainability, jobs, access to transport and health and well being. If you would like to express your opinions the current consultations end on Friday, April 29. Information on these consultations, plus the timetable for the wider project, can be found on the People and Place hub, which can be accessed via : www.northdevon.gov.uk/peopleandplace or www.torridge.gov.uk/peopleandplace. All those who live and work in northern Devon are invited to take part in a number of ways and we really would value your opinion. It isn’t a rubber stamp exercise as we really do hope that you will let us know what you think as the end result will affect all of us in northern Devon. I can’t emphasise enough that this is an opportunity for you to have your say. It would be most appreciated if you are able to help with participating in any or all of the following : - 1. There is a community survey offering you the opportunity to outline what you would like to see as the priorities for your local area and for the wider northern Devon as a whole. Also it is designed to give you a chance to provide an insight into what you feel it is like to live where you live now; 2. We are also seeking views on the proposals for how the community and other stakeholders can get involved with the project moving forward, through a consultation on the Statement of Community Involvement; 3. One of the government requirements is that we have a five year land supply of suitable sites for development. Your knowledge could be invaluable if you know of suitable sites which could be considered for future development through a so-called Housing and Economic Land Availability Assessment (HELAA); 4. You may wish to take the opportunity to comment on the way that we will assess those sites for future development, through commenting on the draft methodology which is being planned for the Housing and Economic Land Availability Assessment (HELAA); and 5. In addition we are seeking nominations for specialists to sit on a panel of experts to help inform the assessment of those sites through the HELAA. I hope that you feel able to participate in this consultation so that it becomes a real community local plan and not something that you feel has just been imposed upon northern Devon by the Councils.

Who Invented Air Conditioning? Whether it has been through construction techniques, clothing, or innovative devices, humans have found ways to deal with hot climates. The Romans used aqueducts to allow for freshwater to circulate through indoor water channels. The Ancient Egyptians used a system of hanging wet clothes at the windows and doorways for cooling. As more technological advances were made, more effective forms of cooling systems were introduced. It was in the early 20th century when a young engineer from America invented the modern air conditioner in the process of finding an engineering solution for a client. Before that time, several engineers and scientists had developed different cooling systems, but none of those systems were as successful as the invention of the air conditioner. What led to the invention of the modern air conditioner? Who was the man behind this incredible invention? Read on to find out. The Invention of the Air Conditioner In 1902, the Sackett & Wilhelms Lithography and Printing Company in New York was struggling with the changes in temperature and humidity which caused the paper to expand and contract. This change in the size of the paper meant the alignment of the printing was misaligned. Sackett & Wilhelms Lithography and Printing Company hired a local engineering firm to find a solution to this issue. The engineering firm, Buffalo Forge, gave this assignment to a young engineer named Willis H. Carrier. Carrier was a graduate of the engineering school at Cornell University and had gained some valuable experience working for Buffalo Forge. The solution proposed by Carrier was to use a system of metal coils filled with cold water to cool the air that flows around the coils. There would be an indoor unit and outdoor unit of this solution. The water that cools in the indoor air would circulate to the outdoor unit, where it would release the absorbed heat. This cycle would continue until the interior had reached the desired temperature. This system was installed at Sackett & Wilhelms Lithography and Printing Company, where it was extremely successful in lowering the temperature of the interior. As this system was used to lower the temperature of the air, the humidity of the interior was also reduced due to condensation. With a steady temperature and humidity, the paper used for printing did not expand or contract, allowing for accurate printing. Carrier had invented the modern air conditioner. The Success of the Air Conditioner The success of the air conditioner at Sackett & Wilhelms Lithography and Printing Company made way for the air conditioner to be successfully used at several other types of factories. Buffalo Forge was so impressed with the sales of the air conditioner that it formed an entire subsidiary just to focus on air conditioning products. This subsidiary was called the Carrier Air Conditioning Company. Over the next few years, the Carrier Air Conditioning Company sold many air conditioning units for different industries and geographies. The company even sold units in the international market. By 1915, WW1 had caused the world economy to stagnate, causing Buffalo Forge to close down Carrier Air Conditioning Company. However, Carrier had bigger plans for his invention and decided to start his own air conditioning company. It was named Willis Carrier Corporation. The sales of the air conditioner continued to rise as it made its way into all types of industries. Air conditioners were also bought by people for their homes. Other innovative products such as the chiller were developed by the Willis Carrier Corporation as well. The invention by Carrier gave rise to several types of manufacturing plants, laboratories, construction companies, and other types of commercial and residential industries, which might not have existed without the invention of the air conditioner. People were able to live a more comfortable life and move into places that were previously thought to be too hot or humid for comfortable living. The impact of the air conditioner was so huge that Time magazine named Carrier in the 100 Most Influential People of the 20th Century. Schedule an Air Conditioner Service by Certified Technicians At Alps Heating & Air Conditioning, Inc., we offer a full range of heating and air conditioning (HVAC) services. Our location allows us to serve all areas of Orange County, and nearby locations. For the air conditioner, we offer repair, installation, and cleaning services. We also offer services for the furnace, boiler, indoor air quality solutions, attic insulation, maintenance agreements, and more. To schedule a service appointment, we can be reached through our website or you can give us a call.

Some critics of organized religions argue that religions are the root of all evils. Some of the faithful argue that atheism and secular ideologies like communism or capitalism produce the worst atrocities. But is either side correct? Or are they missing an important piece of the puzzle? Today on the Truth Perspective we discuss a chapter in Andrew Lobaczewski's Political Ponerology on religion and pathocracy: how religious ideologies get infected with pathological material, which can remain...

See Sarzana guide for highlights and historic monuments The archaeological remains show that Sarzana was inhabited from the Neolithic period onwards, but the early history of the city is virtually unknown, and there are few sources of information. Sarzana is first mentioned in a document of 965 by Emperor Otto III (980-1002), in which the “Castrum Sarzanae”, located where now stands the fortress of “Sarzanello”, was recognized as a possession of the Bishop of Luni; at this time Sarzana was mentioned as a simple castle, called the “Castrum de Sarzana”. We also know that by the end of 13th century, it appeared as a walled village which included an ancient tower. In another document dating from 1165, Emperor Frederick I (1122-1190) put the city under his special protection, removing it from the domain of the bishops of Luni, to which it was had long been subjected. With the decline of Luni, Pope Innocent III (1160 approx.-1216) decreed a bishopric in Sarzana. After several changes of ownership between the bishops and the Marquis of Genoa, in 1316 Bishop Gherardino Malaspina (died 1321) appointed Castruccio Castracani (1281-1328) to be Viscount of the Sarzana Diocese, who dominated the city until his death. After the return of the Pisani, Sarzana came under the domination of the Republic of Genoa (1438) and then to the Medici, who besieged the city in 1487, destroying the "Firmafede" fortress. This fortress was later rebuilt and actually called the Citadel. Control of the area then returned to the Genoese, who governed the city until the conquest by Napoleon. In 1797 he entered Sarzana in the Ligurian Democratic Republic, naming it the capital of one of the three cantons of the Department of the Apennines. In 1815, after the Congress of Vienna, its territory was included in the Kingdom of Sardinia, and from 1861 it became part of the Kingdom of Italy. Origins of the name Sarzana As regards the etymology, traditionally the place-name "Sarzana" was explained as resulting from a family name, or by "Sergius," which would be derived from the Latin word "Sergianus" (masculine) and "Sergiana" (female). In the nineteenth century, Giovan Battista Semeria explained that: "[...] 'Sarzana' was named for the 'Villa Sergiana', which belonged to a member of the ‘Sergia’ House: [...]" . The history of the derivation of the name "Sergius" was narrated by E. Gerini, who wrote that the first origin of the city was due to: "[...] some Sergius, son of the Roman proconsul Calpurnius; Sergius was exiled in the city of Luni and here he fabricated his villa, and the place was named after him [...]" . An interesting study about the Italian name of Sarzana was implemented by G. Devoto, who observed that, in addition to "Sarzana", the ancient city was also called "Serezzana'. According to the scholar, “Serezzana” was a registered name in the ancient vocabulary of the “Crusca”, meaning “breeze” and “frozen wind”, adding that: "[...] the etymology identifying 'Serezzana' with the ancient name of 'Sarzana' dates back to Salvini, who, after the name ‘Serezzana’, adds this brief parenthesis: "Serezzana’comes from 'Sarzana,' in Latin 'Villa Sergiana' [...]" . By the mid-1960s many scholars had moved away from traditional proposals; these scenarios are summarized in the “Atti della Società Ligure di storia Patria” (1967:35), which states that in the last century (19th century) scholars have also thought about other solutions, such as, for example, Goffredo Casalis "[...] who had thought, next to "Sergiana", of a name derived from the term ‘Cariciana’ [" marsh-reeds "], (...) while Buffa had thought of a name of equal significance with 'Ad quartum', a Latin phrase indicating probably “Roman stations”, “post-houses”, where they changed horses. The origin of Sarzana as "swamp", or "marshland", is accepted by G.B. Pellegrini . Finally, a very interesting hypothesis which has its own scientific consistency, is the one that suggested that "Sarzana" may have an affinity with "Serra Azzano", and thus the name "Serrazzano" or "Serrazzana", of which G. Devoto had spoken; in this case “Azzano” derives from “Attius” and the suffix “-anus” (Atti-anus") implies the concept of "possession", so the term indicates a “land belonging to 'Attius'.” The "Gens Atta" would be of Etruscan origin, known as "Atei" . Among all the etymologies, this seems to have excellent credentials of credibility. See also the Sarzana visitor guide and travel information. 1. See G.B. Semeria “Secoli Cristiani della Liguria” ["Christian Centuries of Liguria”], Chirio and Minia, 1843: 4 footnote 3 2. See E. Gerini, “Memorie Storiche di Illustri scrittori” ["Historical Memories of Illustrious Writers"], Frediani, 1829: 45-46 3. See G. Devoto, in "Lingua Nostra", Sansoni, 1968: 115 4. “Italian toponymy: 10000 city names, countries, localities, regions, districts, rivers, mountains explained in their origin and history”, 1990: 193 5. See "Studi Etruschi”, 1963, vol. 31: 197

J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2020;28(4):145-156. LR after treatment of sarcomas in the extremities is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Re-excision of LR can be a relatively minor procedure if the recurrence is detected early, but larger recurrences can require a major operation involving complex reconstruction or amputation. The STS literature also suggests that the occurrence of LR independently predicts higher rates of subsequent metastasis and reduced overall survival.[2] However, if LR can be detected and treated before metastasis, patients' overall survival is markedly better than if metastasis has already occurred.[3] Thus, surveillance for LR can theoretically improve survival and reduce morbidity of treatment. A number of risk factors are associated with the incidence of LR after sarcoma and, therefore, justify more intense local surveillance. Time since initial treatment is a strong predictive factor for both bone sarcoma and STS; most LRs take place within the first 5 years, and frequency continues to decline with time.[4,5] Histologic grade of the tumor also affects the LR rate in extremity soft-tissue and bone sarcomas (Figures 1 and 2). A retrospective study of 105 patients with STS by Sugiura et al[3] identified tumors deep to the fascia or located in the upper extremity/trunk as higher risk of LR. In addition, several studies have found that close or positive margins are strongly associated with the risk of LR as well as higher mortality in both bone sarcoma and STS, although the precise definition of an appropriate margin remains debated.[2,3,8,9] When positive margins result from unplanned resections, timely and appropriate treatment with an adequate wide resection results in a return to the baseline rate of LR; however, the associated surgical morbidity is often higher.[10,11] Local contamination as a result of tumor seeding during biopsy can also potentially contribute to LR. Barrientos-Ruiz et al[12] histologically examined biopsy tract resections and found a higher incidence of contamination (cell seeding) in cases of open compared with percutaneous biopsies; moreover, they observed a higher rate of LR in the cases with evidence of contamination. Conversely, Binitie et al[13] found no difference in disease-free survival when the tract of a percutaneous biopsy was not excised, as long as patients subsequently received radiation. Taken together, these findings suggest that percutaneous biopsy combined with radiation does not produce clinically significant local contamination, but open biopsy can potentially increase the risk of LR. Several approaches to monitoring for local recurrence have been proposed. Physical examination remains an essential component of surveillance, and patient self-examination has been shown to be highly effective.[14] Radiographs are a relatively low-cost and low-risk imaging modality that represents an important means of identifying LR of bone sarcomas. However, they are less effective in detecting soft-tissue LR.[4] MRI is therefore also heavily used, especially for STS, although its benefit over physical examination has not been established. Several studies have suggested that the majority of LR are identified by patients, and that MRI should be reserved for tumors not easily evaluated by physical examination.[14–16] Bone scan is not applicable for STS and nonspecific for bone sarcomas, especially after skeletal reconstruction. Finally, positron-emission tomography (PET) in conjunction with CT is often used for staging purposes and has also been assessed as a surveillance tool. The evidence to date does not demonstrate a notable difference between receiver operating characteristic curves of PET/CT versus MRI for detecting LR of STS.[17] These data, combined with its increased cost, do not support the use of PET imaging for routine surveillance at this time. The lungs are the most common site of sarcoma metastases, and as such, PMs have notable implications on mortality.[18] Studies have found that in STS, the presence of >5 PMs at time of diagnosis markedly reduces median survival (22 versus 55 months),[19] and the number and distribution of subcentimeter lung nodules predicts survival in young sarcoma patients.[20] A growing body of evidence supports the role of interventions for limited PMs as a means of improving survival in both bone sarcoma and STS.[21,22] The potential to improve survival through early detection of PM may justify the practice of intense chest surveillance for patients who are likely to benefit from treatment. However, the prognosis of metastatic sarcoma remains poor, and many patients are not eligible for curative treatments, and so, in these situations, the benefits of surveillance are less clear. CT scans are also not without controversy and risk. The increased sensitivity of chest CT is also accompanied by a higher false-positive rate, with a 33% rate of finding false-positive nodules after two annual chest CTs, versus just 15% when using chest radiograph over the same period.[27] Furthermore, radiation exposure from a CT scan is two orders of magnitude higher than radiograph and may pose a notable cumulative risk of malignancy.[28] In a 2016 Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) survey, 62.9% of respondents indicated that patients have expressed concerns regarding radiation exposure from surveillance within the past year.[29] PET imaging has been suggested as a means of avoiding the radiation exposure of CT for pulmonary surveillance, and 18-FDG-PET has been shown to have high sensitivity and intermediate specificity for lung nodules >1 cm. However, PET is expensive and has relatively low sensitivity for subcentimeter lung nodules,[30] which limits its utility for pulmonary surveillance in its current technological state. Currently, the use of radiograph versus CT varies according to training and the geographic region. For example, European surgeons are more likely to use chest radiographs for surveillance, whereas surgeons in the United States more frequently use chest CT.[29,31,32] Despite this practice pattern of increased chest CT usage in the United States, the results from an MSTS survey indicated that one-third of respondents felt that CT is overutilized for high-grade tumors and two-third felt CT is overutilized for low-grade tumors.[33] The use of separate protocols for high- and low-risk surveillance, with fewer routine CTs for the latter, would potentially be more cost effective, radiation sparing, and noninferior in terms of accuracy.[32,34] The specific diagnosis and patient characteristics should also be taken into consideration, as these factors impact whether early detection of PM can improve outcomes. For example, if effective treatments are not available, or if the patient is not eligible for existing treatments due to age or comorbidities, early detection of PM becomes less clinically relevant, and a less intense surveillance plan may be justified. EMs from sarcoma are rare and are associated with a worse prognosis than PM alone (15 versus 38 months).[19] Historically, the presence of EM has been considered a contraindication for resection of PM, but recent research suggests that resection of both PM and EM results in survival (37.8 months) that is similar to those with only PM treated with lung metastasectomy (35.5 months). Furthermore, both of the aforementioned groups had markedly improved survival when compared with those with both PM and EM that only had lung metastasectomy and left the EMs untreated (13.5 months).[33] Therefore, timely diagnosis of EMs after sarcoma treatment may have a tangible effect on treatment choices and patient survival. Although the incidence and risk factors for EM are not entirely understood, higher grade STS is associated with a higher incidence of distant EM.[35] Certain sarcoma histologies also exhibit a greater predilection for EM; in particular, myxoid-round cell liposarcoma is known to metastasize to the retroperitoneum, abdominal wall, and abdominal cavity.[36,37] Solitary fibrous tumors can also require long-term surveillance because of benign-acting masses reportedly transforming and metastasizing decades after initial presentation.[38] Although hematologic spread predominates in most sarcomas, regional lymphatic spread is known to occur in synovial sarcoma, angiosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, clear-cell chondrosarcoma, and epithelioid sarcoma; therefore, extrapulmonary monitoring may be justified in these diagnoses. Finally, distant EMs of osteosarcoma are rare but have been described in the bones, pleura, and heart. It has been hypothesized that newer medical treatments may be responsible for the apparent increase in incidence of EM of osteosarcoma in recent history.[39] If this proves to be the case, more routine extrapulmonary surveillance may justified in certain situations. Because relatively few indications are noted for surveillance for EM aside from the histologies listed previously, no strong evidence exists to support the use of routine CT of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis in STS surveillance.[40] Similarly, surveillance of extrapulmonary sites is not generally recommended for osteosarcoma, although bone scans represent an accurate methodology for detecting the subsets of EM from osteosarcoma that are calcified.[41] There may be a role for whole-body PET scan for surveillance for EM in the future, but as of yet limited evidence exists to support this practice. Washington University in St Louis (Dr. Cipriano), St Louis, MO, and Columbia University Medical Center (Dr. Jang and Dr. Tyler), New York, NY. None of the following authors or any immediate family member has received anything of value from or has stock or stock options held in a commercial company or institution related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article: Dr. Cipriano, Dr. Jang and Dr. Tyler.

Dropshipping is an online service where an intermediary offers products they do not maintain in inventory from a wholesale manufacturer to a 3rd party. The third-party business then ships the product directly to the buyer. The intermediary never ever holds the products, however by buying the items at wholesale rates and offering them at retail, the online seller might gain an earnings. You will certainly also require accessibility to item vendors via a dropshipping company - digital marketing. Dropshipping can be a risky business. As a dropshipper, you do not have control over each action of the sales as well as distribution process, including the supply chain. You will not have the opportunity to personally inspect every item your consumers receive, so you will have to depend on wholesale item sellers to ship your products in great condition. Luckily, numerous dropshipping business provide access to thousands of vetted product distributors. This may minimize your possibilities of having issues with the quality of your products. You may also rest simpler understanding a vetted company will supply your clients with top quality service and also goods. While dropshipping firms might claim you don't need much money to start, there are some expenditures to take into consideration as you're beginning your company. You will certainly also need a web site with shopping abilities ($ 29 each month) where purchasers can buy your items. One advantage of dropshipping is you will not spend for the wholesale products till after the purchaser buys, so you will not have to pay for stock. However you will certainly need to invest cash marketing your service and products. Our research reveals the cost of dropshipping companies can differ widely. The rates may rely on factors like whether you need to access the dropshipping firm's vendor straight, marketing products, using information setups, or accessing automation software (here). With a basic free strategy, you may get accessibility to a platform's supplier directory site as well as education and learning sources. The rates may vary from $14. 95 per month for a basic strategy to $499 monthly for an enterprise plan. Depending on the system, you might conserve cash by registering for an annual strategy versus spending for the service on a month-to-month basis. You might likewise have the option to add on added services for a cost, based upon your business's requirements. As shopping continues to expand as well as dropshipping remains economical, there may be a lot more business trying a slice of business owners' business. These firms may offer accessibility to the dropshipping services you require, in addition to a trusted network of international wholesalers, to make your online company feasible. To craft our listing of the very best dropshipping companies, we assessed 20 of one of the most prominent services. To limit the listing, we compared each firm's integrative platform, prices, high quality and number of providers, and also options for a risk-free trial. Wish to start selling on the internet however do not really have the capital? Or possibly you're uncertain whether it's for you and you wish to examine the water first?If you addressed yes to either of these, after that a dropshipping organization might be the response. It's an exceptional gateway to on the internet retail that calls for much less financial input than a routine online store, plus you don't need a warehouse to start. Allow's start with what dropshipping really is. Dropshipping is a method of retail where the store never ever literally holds the items it offers. Rather, when the merchant sells one of the items it supplies on its website, they purchase the thing from a third-party provider that then ships the item straight to the end consumer.

<gh_stars>100-1000 /** * @file oglplus/string/ref_ios.hpp * @brief String reference iostream operators * * @author <NAME> * * Copyright 2010-2014 <NAME>. Distributed under the Boost * Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file * LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) */ #pragma once #ifndef OGLPLUS_STRING_REF_IOS_1107121519_HPP #define OGLPLUS_STRING_REF_IOS_1107121519_HPP #include <oglplus/string/ref_tpl.hpp> #include <iostream> namespace oglplus { template <typename Char> inline std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& out, const StrCRefTpl<Char>& str) { out.write(str.begin(), str.size()); return out; } } // namespace oglplus #endif // include guard

3 March is World Hearing Day Cochlear and hearing health organisations across the globe have joined the World Health Organisation (WHO) on World Hearing Day in the effort to make action on hearing loss a higher health priority for governments, communities and families. Worldwide, 360 million people, including 32 million children, suffer from disabling hearing loss. An estimated 56 million people would benefit from hearing loss solutions such as hearing aids or cochlear implants, but only a fraction get access1,2. To support this international day of recognition, Cochlear will be sharing inspiring stories on social media of people who are part of the global Cochlear Family and who describe their devices as "a gift", "a miracle" and “life changing". We wish to share these stories of courage and celebrate the achievements of our implant recipients and their loved ones. "The reality is that many causes of hearing loss can be prevented through public health measures, screening, early diagnosis and treatment”, Chris Smith CEO of Cochlear said. "But a lot of people just don't know what assistance is out there for them. That's why World Hearing Day is so important - it's a way to increase awareness and reach out to those who need help." There is a renewed focus within the WHO, supported by many health and advocacy organisations, for a new resolution to inspire global action on hearing loss. A new resolution can take into account the enormous advances in hearing health treatment and technology that did not exist when the last resolution was passed over 20 years ago in 1995. This year the theme for World Hearing Day is “Childhood hearing loss – Act now, here’s how!”. Up to 60% of global childhood hearing loss may be preventable.1 Hearing loss can lead to the exclusion of a child from education and, later in life, from work opportunities. It can have a devastating emotional impact on individuals and families, and has wider health costs. "Cochlear is proud to support the WHO and World Hearing Day 2016, and to play a part in raising awareness about hearing loss and the steps that can be taken for better ear and hearing care", The following actions could be taken to promote hearing health on World Hearing Day: - Governments can ensure hearing tests are available to every newborn baby; and hearing tests form part of the list regular of health check-ups that everyone from the young to the elderly have throughout life; - Communities can ensure professionals who are in a position to help (doctors, nurses, social workers, teachers) learn the symptoms of hearing loss and ensure they have enough knowledge to diagnose and discuss appropriate hearing health treatment options and the pathways to help; and - Families, friends and individuals can learn about the signs of hearing loss and the actions they can take to help a loved one of any age, or to access help if they need it themselves. Everyone should check their hearing with an online hearing check or find their nearest clinic. Talk to a GP or hearing health professional about hearing loss. 3 March 2016 is the WHO 'World Hearing Day'. The theme is Childhood Hearing Loss 'Act Now – Hear is How'. The aim of WHO activity is to raise awareness of hearing loss, prevent hearing loss and where this has not been possible, to help children to hear. Testing and screening programs, and the availability of advanced hearing aids and Cochlear implants can help millions of children and adults to hear. About Cochlear Limited Cochlear is the global leader in implantable hearing solutions. The company has a global workforce of 2,700 people and invests more than AUS$100 million a year in research and development. Products include hearing systems for cochlear, bone conduction and acoustic implants. Over 400,000 people of all ages, across more than 100 countries, now hear because of Cochlear. Please seek advice from your health professional about treatments for hearing loss. Outcomes may vary, and your health professional will advise you about the factors which could affect your outcome. Always follow the directions for use. Not all products are available in all countries. Please contact your local Cochlear representative for product information. In Australia, Cochlear™ Nucleus® implant systems are intended for the treatment of moderately severe to profound hearing loss. In Australia, Baha® bone conduction implant systems are intended for the treatment of moderate to profound hearing loss. In Australia, the Cochlear™ Osia® System is indicated for patients with conductive, mixed hearing loss and single-sided sensorineural deafness (SSD) aged 10 years and above with up to 55 decibels sensorineural hearing loss. Patients should have sufficient bone quality and quantity to support successful implant placement. Surgery is required to use this product. Any surgical procedure carries risk. For Cochlear™ Nucleus®, Osia® and Baha® systems: This product is not available for purchase by the general public. For information on funding and reimbursement please contact your health care professional. Any testimonial featured on this website is intended for an Australian audience only. - Childhood hearing loss. Act now, here’s how! 2016 Report by World Health Organisation - Who.int. WHO | Deafness and hearing loss [Internet]. 2015. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/

Following a developmental evaluation the Case Conference Committee will determine a primary disability. Occupational therapy may be recommended as a related service to children receiving special education services. Occupational therapists are part of the education team within the school district. The profession of occupational therapy is concerned with a person’s ability to participate in daily life activities or “occupations”. A child’s primary occupations are play and school. In the school setting, occupational therapists use their expertise to help children to be prepared for and perform important learning and school related activities and to fulfill their role as students. Occupational therapy is a related service. A student must be receiving special education services in order to be considered eligible for related services. Related services are services which are necessary in order to benefit a child in an educational setting. Related services must be directly related to the child’s ability to be successful in the recommended special education program. (511 IAC 7-3-44). The purpose of occupational therapy in the school setting is to support a child’s educational goals as defined by his/her Individualized Educational Plan. Occupational therapists can provide services directly, integrated or on a consultation basis. Occupational therapists work collaboratively with teachers, paraprofessional staff and /or parents to facilitate a child’s performance in a particular need area. Some of the areas addressed by OT: - Fine Motor Skills (being able to appropriately use classroom tools using a variety of grasps/hand manipulation (e.g. scissors, pencils, paintbrushes, glue sticks, etc) - Visual-Motor Skills (copying prewriting shapes needed for letter formation, cutting skills, replicating block designs, doing mazes and puzzles, etc.) - Self-Help Skills (as it relates to the educational setting: may include, manipulation of fasteners, managing belongings, self-feeding skills, etc.) - Sensorimotor Abilities (Student’s ability to process sensory information. Difficulties with sensory processing must impact a student’s ability to function in the educational setting.) - Sensory areas may include: tactile (touch), proprioceptive (received from joints and muscles and provides the body with information regarding where the body is in space and where body parts are in relation to one another), vestibular (movement), auditory, oral and visual.

While the human brain isn't particularly quick at handling complex calculations, it performs a variety of tasks, such as image analysis, far more accurately than any computer. And, when it comes to energy efficiency, a brain beats a traditional computer with ease. Which is why it's somewhat ironic that all the original attempts to model a brain were forced to use software running on traditional computers, since that was all we had. Recently, however, there have been a variety of attempts to build hardware that acts more like a collection of neurons than anything that Apple or Intel have designed. While some of that uses traditional silicon-based transistors, other efforts have explored a relatively newer development, the memristor. Now, an international collaboration that includes everyone from Hewlett Packard Enterprise to the Air Force has designed a memristor that behaves a bit more like a neuron: its recent activity influences how it responds. This is accomplished by allowing metal to diffuse within the solid memristor. The idea behind the new design was apparently inspired by our understanding of neurons. In many cases, the activity of a neuron isn't only set by the signals it's receiving right at that instant. Instead, it has the biochemical equivalent of short-term memory. If it's received signals in the recent past, it's easier to activate that neuron by an additional signal. Over time, that memory fades, and the neuron goes back to its normal level of responsiveness. Now, it's undoubtedly possible to provide an artificial neuron with a small bit of memory and circuitry to read it, all of which could provide similar behavior. But this team managed to do it using just a single memristor. The secret was a clever bit of materials science. A memristor is a device with two states that it can be switched between. In one, it provides high resistance to current traveling through it; in the alternate state, it allows current to pass more freely. In this case, the authors fabricated a memristor using a silicon-oxygen-nitrogen material (the precise composition varied, and they also tested a hafnium oxide). To carry the current in the "on" state, they embedded some silver nanoparticles. This led to the sort of behavior you'd expect from a memristor. When sufficient current was applied to the device, the heat generated by its resistance allowed the silver to diffuse within the solid, forming small "wires" that connected the two ends, allowing current to pass easily. The intriguing thing is what happens once the current is switched off. Normally, you'd expect that things would stay in the low-resistance state. But something called (and I am not making this up) Ostwald ripening occurs. When there's a bunch of small particles embedded in a solid, the energetics of that depends on how compatible the two materials are. If they're not very compatible, it becomes energetically favorable to minimize the contact between them. That means fewer, larger particles. And, because solids can (to a limited extent) diffuse within each other, that's exactly what happens. Smaller particles shrink out of existence, as their component atoms diffuse over and join larger ones. For this memristor, this is precisely what happens to the silver. Instead of remaining in longer, wire-like structures, it quickly condenses back to a small collection of larger particles through Ostwald ripening (why yes, I will use that term as often as I possibly can). This has a very specific effect on the device. If signals in the form of current have transited it within the last few seconds, it'll still be in the "on" state, and the current will travel with low resistance. Longer than that, however, and Ostwald ripening ensures that it goes back to the off state, meaning that any additional signals face high resistance. This also sets an activity threshold for the memristor, as it has to receive more than one signal in quick succession before it will become active—again, a bit like a neuron. The authors of the paper describing this device spend a lot of time arguing that this behavior specifically mimics how neurons handle the calcium they use to help trigger activity. That's probably overstating it, as neurons are quite a bit more complex than a single electronic device. Still, there's no question that this device acts a lot more like a neuron than most typical circuitry does. And the authors have managed to make them using a variety of materials, so it's apparently robust behavior. Whether this will end up useful enough to end up in a neural computer isn't clear at this point. But I'm always enthused at having more potential tools available to anyone who's trying to assemble something like that. It's impossible to know in advance which combination of hardware approaches is eventually going to prove compelling. This post originated on Ars Technica

Effects of Highly Polluted Environment on Sperm Telomere Length: A Pilot Study High environmental pressure may impair male fertility by affecting sperm quality, but the real effect remains controversial. Herein, we assessed the influence of environmental exposure on telomere length (TL) in both leukocytes (LTL) and sperm cells (STL). A pilot biomonitoring study was conducted in 112 clinically healthy, normospermic men living in various areas of Campania region (South of Italy) with high (n = 57, High Group) or low (n = 55, Low Group) environmental pressure. TL analysis was assessed by quantitative real time-PCR. STL was not significantly correlated with either age (p = 0.6) or LTL (p = 0.7), but was significantly longer in the High Group compared with the Low Group (p = 0.04). No significant difference was observed between leukocyte TL in the High or Low Group. Our results showed that male residents in areas with high environment exposure had a significant increase in STL. This finding supports the view that the human semen is a sentinel biomarker of environmental exposure. Introduction Male infertility has been associated with an increased risk of familial congenital malformations and childhood mortality [1,2], designating it as marker of male reproductive health. Acute and chronic exposure to high levels of ambient pollutants may impair male fertility by affecting sperm quality, but the real effect size remains controversial [3,4]. Understanding the main determinants of sperm quality and developing new biomarkers to provide a more accurate diagnosis of male fertility remains an important area of research. In recent years, evidence has suggested that sperm DNA integrity might be a better predictor of male fertility potentiality compared to routine semen parameters [5]. However, DNA fragmentation, the most common method used in a clinical setting, seems to be unable to provide a complete information on the molecular mechanisms and severity of DNA damage [5]. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more sensitive biomarkers of DNA integrity in male germline cells. In the last few years, more studies have focused on the role of sperm telomeres in reproduction and male infertility [6]. Importantly, the results of a recent study showed that sperm telomere length could be considered as an additional parameter of sperm quality that may add information about DNA damage and offer new perspectives in the evaluation of infertile males [7,8]. Telomere is a region of repetitive DNA at the end of a eukaryote chromosome, which protects the end of the chromosome from deterioration, conferring stability to the genome [9]. Alterations (both shortening and lengthening) of telomere length (TL) have been observed in a number of clinical conditions including cardiovascular disease and cancer [9]. Accordingly, a very recent study showed a possible association between high environmental pressure in polluted areas and sperm telomere length [16]. Herein, we performed a study on a cohort of young healthy men in order to evaluate the influence of environmental exposure on TL in both leukocytes (LTL) and sperm cells (STL). Results Demographic and semen characteristics of the study participants are reported in Table 1. The two groups were similar for age, body mass index (BMI), and smoking habits. The ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, morphology, and progressive motility were not significantly different. Conversely, non-progressive motility was markedly different between the two groups (p = 0.005). As expected, LTL negatively correlated with subject's age (r = −0.024; p = 0.01), but no correlation was found between STL and age (p = 0.6). There was also no significant association between LTL and STL (p = 0.7, Figure 1). No significant LTL difference was observed between the low and high exposure groups (0.99 ± 0.33 vs. 1.00 ± 0.38, p = 0.2). However, STL was significantly higher in the high exposure group compared to the low group (1.15 ± 0.51 vs. 0.90 ± 0.26, p = 0.04), as shown in Figure 2. Age-adjusted analysis confirmed a higher STL in highly exposed residents compared to the control group (1.10 ± 0.36 vs. 0.90 ± 0.32, p = 0.05). When STL was analyzed according to the 75th percentile distribution, living in areas with high environment exposure emerged as a significant risk predictor of longer STL (Odds Ratio: 3.1, 95% confidence intervals: 1.1-10.2; p = 0.02), after adjusting for age and smoking. Discussion The present study indicates for the first time that high levels of environmental exposure may cause an increase in semen TL of young normospermic men, supporting the major role of sperm as a sensitive sentinel biomarker of environmental effects. Comparison with Other Studies Recently, the EcoFoodFertility initiative study showed that clinically healthy adult males recruited in the "land of fire" (Campania region, Southern Italy) had altered sperm motility, and increased sperm DNA damage (DNA Fragmentation Index), when compared to subjects with similar clinical characteristics but recruited in a "low impact" area from the same region [17]. Interestingly, men residing in the high impact area had a lower total antioxidant capacity in semen but not blood [17]. Our results are consistent with and extend this previous study, showing that high environmental pressure in polluted areas may also have an influence on telomere integrity. Telomeres, noncoding highly conserved tandem repeat DNA sequences [TTAGGG]n, are necessary for chromosome stability since they confer protection from degradation as well as prevention from chromosomal rearrangements [9]. Telomeres are elongated by the enzyme telomerase, which seems to have low activity or be totally unexpressed in most human normal somatic cells. Thus, telomeres gradually shorten in each cell division and this physiological reduction of telomere length represents a kind of biological "molecular clock" with cell senescence and longevity. Unlike somatic cells, male germline cells have a high activity of telomerase that, together with many other components including telomere-associated proteins, guarantees the integrity and stability of sperm chromosomes [6]. At the present time, the association between abnormal TL and germline cell quality represents a research area of great interest. Additionally, after fertilization, telomeres are among the first structures in the sperm nucleus that respond to oocyte signals for male pronucleus development [18]. Moreover, a long telomere is essential for a spermatozoon since it defines (jointly with the ovum) the replicative capacity until the blastocyst stage, when the telomere length is reestablished and increased. Moreover, sperm TL is lower in oligozoospermic than in normozoospermic men, and a correlation between STL and embryo quality development has been demonstrated [19]. Surprisingly, longer telomeres have been found in the spermatozoa of older men compared to younger men, but the biological implications of this paternal paradoxical effect are unknown [20]. Additionally, a relationship between dysfunctional telomere length and increased cancer risk has been observed [21]. In particular, longer telomeres have been associated with some types of cancers, including melanoma and lung cancer [22]. Indeed, long telomeres may prevent the escape of cells from growth arrest and increase the chance of acquiring mutations due to external exposures, i.e., smoking or sun exposure [22]. Importantly, a very recent Mendelian randomization study of 83 non-communicable diseases, including 420,081 cases and 1,093,105 controls, showed that longer telomeres were associated with increased risk of several cancers, but also with reduced risk of some non-neoplastic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases [23]. In this study, we found longer STL in young people living in areas of high environmental crisis where the results of the Italian Sentieri Project confirmed an increase of mortality and incidence of cancer pathologies, specifically in a young population of the "land of fire" [24]. To the best of our knowledge, only one study has previously evaluated the effect of pollutants on semen telomere length, showing a shortening in semen TL caused by an impairment in telomerase due to some types of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [16]. In any case, an increase in telomere length linked to exposure has been evidenced in blood. Specifically, Shin et al. [11] found that low-dose persistent organic pollutants (POPs) increased LTL. Similarly, Dioni et al. [13] reported longer LTL associated with short-term exposure to particulate matter in a group of steel workers, likely due to an acute response of inflammatory cells. Moreover, a positive association between the level of arsenic, a known cancer-causing agent, and telomere length has been also established [14,15]. Study Limitations We acknowledge that our study has several limitations that need to be considered. First, no direct ambient measures of air pollution were available. Secondly, some of the differences in the associations might be due to the relatively small sample sizes of the groups. Although two groups were homogenous for demographic and lifestyle characteristics and all analyses were adjusted for potential covariates, we cannot exclude other unidentified confounding factors. Study Population During a pilot study (EcoFoodFertility initiative) [25] conducted to investigate the use of human semen as an early biomarker of pollution in healthy men living in various areas with different environmental impact in Campania region (Southern Italy), a population of 112 clinically healthy, normospermic men (age = 29.0 ± 5.6 years, range 18-42 years) was recruited between July and December 2015 in San Francesco d'Assisi Hospital (Oliveto Citra, Province of Salerno, Italy) and Medicina Futura center (Acerra, Province of Naples, Italy). Fifty-seven subjects living in municipalities belonging to the so-called "land of fire" (Acerra, Caivano, Afragola, Casalnuovo, Pomigliano, Brusciano, Giugliano, Cardito, and Marigliano) were defined as the High Group. In this area, waste from civil, industrial, and hospital activities has been illegally dumped and in many cases burned, causing the presence of high concentrations of toxic contaminants (primarily dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls) in the neighboring agricultural lands [26]. For this illicit practice, this area is officially recognized as having high environmental impact by the Campania Region Environmental Protection Agency [27] and is included in the list issued by the Italian Government of the 57 cities at risk within the provinces of Naples and Caserta [28]. An accurate monitoring of air quality has been provided by the local environmental control authority (namely ARPAC) since 2011 [29]. Additionally, a recent European project [30] evaluated the soil distribution patterns of heavy hydrocarbons and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in three sites of the so-called "land of fire", demonstrating that these areas can be considered contaminated for residential use in accordance with Italian environmental law limit (Law Decree 152/2006). Epidemiological studies performed in the last decade on the potential adverse health effects of the population living in 57 townships of the "land of fire" confirmed an increase of mortality, congenital malformations, and all types of cancer [31,32], especially in the younger population [24]. As a control group (Low Group), we enrolled 55 male residents in unexposed areas of Campania region outside the "land of fire" (Oliveto Citra, Contursi Terme, San Gregorio Magno, Buccino, Ricigliano, Valva, and Colliano). Figure 3 shows the geographical areas of Campania region selected for the recruitment. Inclusion enrolment criteria were: (1) residence for at least 10 years in the study area; (2) absence of varicocele, prostatitis, and other conditions that could affect semen quality (such as fever); (3) absence of chronic diseases (diabetes or other systemic diseases); and (4) no history of drug abuse, medical exposure to X-rays, and/or occupational exposures to toxic chemicals. Data were collected by a structured questionnaire for a face-to-face interview. A physical medical examination, including the testis volume and transrectal prostate evaluation, was also performed in all enrolled subjects. All subjects were informed of the study and gave their written informed consent. The study was approved by the Local Ethical Committee (Local Health Authority Campania Sud-Salerno). Semen Quality Evaluation Ejaculates were collected upon morning masturbation after 3-4 days of abstinence. Parameters of semen quality (semen volume, sperm concentration, motility, and morphology) were evaluated by the same andrologist blinded to patient identity, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines [33]. Telomere Length Analysis TL was measured quantitatively in DNA extracted from blood and semen samples (QIAamp DNA Mini Kit, Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) by the same research technician blinded to patient identity, using a quantitative real-time PCR method following standardized protocols as previously described [34]. Briefly, the relative TL (T/S ratio) was reported as the ratio of telomere repeat copy number (T) to single copy β-globin gene (β-globin gene, S). All PCRs were performed in triplicate into 384-well plates in a CFX RT-PCR System (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). Statistical Analysis Statistical analysis of the data was performed by using the StatView statistical package, version 5.0.1 (Abacus Concepts, Berkeley, CA, USA). Data are presented as means ± standard deviation (SD). Continuous variables were first checked for normality before using parametric tests. T/S ratio was normally distributed within each study group. Characteristics of two groups were compared by χ2 test for categorical variables and by two-tailed tests, unpaired Student's t-test and two-sample t-test, for quantitative variables. The distribution of the sperm T/S ratio was also divided into two groups using the 75th percentile as a cut-off value (=1.18). Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals, adjusting for age and smoking habits. The level of significance set at p ≤ 0.05 was considered for all statistical analyses. Semen Quality Evaluation Ejaculates were collected upon morning masturbation after 3-4 days of abstinence. Parameters of semen quality (semen volume, sperm concentration, motility, and morphology) were evaluated by the same andrologist blinded to patient identity, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines [33]. Telomere Length Analysis TL was measured quantitatively in DNA extracted from blood and semen samples (QIAamp DNA Mini Kit, Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) by the same research technician blinded to patient identity, using a quantitative real-time PCR method following standardized protocols as previously described [34]. Briefly, the relative TL (T/S ratio) was reported as the ratio of telomere repeat copy number (T) to single copy β-globin gene (β-globin gene, S). All PCRs were performed in triplicate into 384-well plates in a CFX RT-PCR System (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). Statistical Analysis Statistical analysis of the data was performed by using the StatView statistical package, version 5.0.1 (Abacus Concepts, Berkeley, CA, USA). Data are presented as means ± standard deviation (SD). Continuous variables were first checked for normality before using parametric tests. T/S ratio was normally distributed within each study group. Characteristics of two groups were compared by χ2 test for categorical variables and by two-tailed tests, unpaired Student's t-test and two-sample t-test, for quantitative variables. The distribution of the sperm T/S ratio was also divided into two groups using the 75th percentile as a cut-off value (=1.18). Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals, adjusting for age and smoking habits. The level of significance set at p ≤ 0.05 was considered for all statistical analyses. Conclusions In conclusion, the current study showed that young male residents in areas with high environment exposure had a significantly increased telomere length in sperm. These findings support the view that semen is a sensitive sentinel biomarker of environmental exposure. Further studies in larger populations are needed to understand the significance of telomere lengthening in areas of high environmental crisis.

write an equation in standard form that has an undefined slope and passes through (5,-3)? undefined slope means that it is a vertical line, parallel to the y-axis, so there is no y-coordinate at all. All of the x-coordinates are 5. Therefore, yes, the equation of the line is x=5.

|Lenticular cloud above North York Moors| Thanks to Ben Spires for letting me use this fab photo Anyway, let's get straight on with the facts: - Lenticular clouds have a very noticeable shape. They basically just look like a floating, white dish in the sky. - Because of their shape, they have been found as the cause for some apparent U.F.O sightings. That's one thing we can rule out. - There are several different types of Lenticular cloud, all of which are linked with the main types of cloud. - Stratocumulus Lenticular Clouds, Altocumulus Lenticular Clouds and Cirrocumulus Lenticular Cloud form depending on how high up in the sky they are found. - All of them form when moist air is pushed upwards when travelling over a mountain and condenses to form a cloud which is sometimes turned into a wavy pattern. - They look like they aren't moving, like they are frozen in time, but that is not the case - the moist air always supplies the side with the wind on it as water evaporates on the far side. Sometimes they can look like they hover for days until the weather changes. - Identifying Lenticular Clouds is easy because if you see a big white thing in the sky that looks like a U.F.O, especially if there is a mountain/hill nearby, then it is probably a Lenticular Cloud. - They are usually very lonely clouds as, most of the time, they form where there is a perfectly blue sky. - Pilots of aeroplanes usually tend to avoid Lenticular Clouds as there are severe up-drafts (mountain waves) which result in severe turbulence of the aircraft's engines. It also means that you are probably flying quite close to a mountain... - They are often photographer's favourite sights and they are mesmerizing to watch. You can see it in the picture to the right and above. Here are some links to some more information: Hope you enjoyed,

Get to know more about the healing powers of Valerian Root. Commonly called Valerian Root, Valerina Officinalis is often used as a sleep aid, but that’s not this perennial plants only potential health benefit…not by a long shot. Valerina Officinalis is a perennial plant native to Europe and Asia that also grows in North America. This plant can reach five feet tall and emits a strong odor. Its roots and underground stems treat insomnia, migraine, fatigue, and stomach cramps. Valerina Officinalis has been used to treat these conditions since ancient Greek and Roman times. Valerina Officinalis is sold as a supplement, liquid, or topical preparation. Dried roots can be prepared as teas or tinctures too. For added benefits, Valerina Officinalis may be combined with other calming herbs, including passionflower, hops, lemon balm, skullcap, and kava. Sleep Well Control, a topical roll-on product that promotes good quality sleep, comprises a blend of organic Valerian, Kava, and Lavender. Heartburn & Acid Reflux Relief includes Berberis Vulgaris, Iris versicolor, garlic, marigold, and ginger. Exactly how Valerina Officinalis helps cure what ails you is not fully understood. Still, researchers believe that it increases the amount of a brain chemical called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which has a calming effect. Stress exacerbates heartburn symptoms and causes sleep loss and other physical complaints. Some studies show that Valerina Officinalis helps people fall asleep faster and improves their sleep quality, so they wake up feeling more refreshed. Unlike many prescription sleeping pills, Valerina Officinalis doesn’t cause morning drowsiness. Valerina Officinalis may also help ease anxiety and depression and reduce menstrual and stomach cramps. Valerina Officinalis is generally regarded as safe when used for up to 28 days. Side effects may include headache, upset stomach, and brain fog, but these are mainly seen when Valerina Officinalis is taken as a pill or drink. Of note, Valerina Officinalis should not be taken with alcohol or sedatives as it may worsen drowsiness associated with both. There’s also not a lot known about the use of this herb in pregnancy, and during breastfeeding, so most doctors will tell you to avoid it during these times. Check out these websites for more information on Valerina Officinalis. The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. Valerian. Ready to give Valerina Officinalis a try? If you’re having trouble sleeping, roll Sleep Well Remedy under your nose, on your forehead, upper chest, back of your neck, and feet upon early awakening to go back to sleep. If heartburn is causing your distress, place six to nine drops of Heartburn & Acid Reflux Relief under your tongue and repeat this every 15 minutes until symptoms improve.

I had a good time at Eric Norlin’s excellent inaugural Defrag conference earlier this week in Denver. I met some entrepreneurs doing great work, got caught up with other friends (entrepreneurs and VCs alike), and sat in on some fascinating sessions. My role, other than being an advisor to the conference, was moderating a wrap-up panel at the end. I opened with a little preamble/rant about information overload, information underload, and the trouble with personalization & relevance. And then I tossed it over to the panel to throw ideas around. Here are some notes I made to myself to organize things. By way of background, however, the more I mulled the subject, the more I found myself worried about information underload, not information overload. I kept coming back (mentally) to a striking quote about the looming aviation inattention crisis from a 1970s paper: The burning question of the near future will not be how much work a person can do safely, but how little. Something similar applies, I think, in the world of information. While some of us are overwhelmed with information, most people aren’t — they just shut the world out. Sure, many people need to manage information overload, but how can we also do a better job of dealing with information underload, of being sure that people are effective while at the control panel of their corner of the world? Herewith, my panel prep notes: - Oral cancer. Perpetual motion machines. Inbox - Outlier information. Fox News. Disconfirmation now, please. - Edge cases. People here use PIMs. - Survey question: - Tumblr? - Twitter? - Blogs? - Google Reader/etc.? - how many messages? 100? 1000? 10000? - Instant message? Daily? Hourly? Now? - The current Canada/U.S. exchange rate? $1.08 - year ago: $0.88 - People know the price at which oil closed today? - know why it jumped up today? - know where the North Sea is? - which supermodel is paid in euros? - know how many people are set to be evacuated because of the Three Gorges Dam on Yangtze - how many Americans have been killed this year in Iraq? - more or less than 900? - Underload, not overload. Three Mile Island. Too important. ————– - Why are things so bad? Celebrity obituary data? - How do I get more disconfirming data? - Relevant surprise, not shock. Anatomically improbable pictures. - People are lazy and dumb. The people you want to do something won’t, and the people who will do something are nitwits. And that’s ok. - How do we exploit people’s laziness and stupidity? - Desert island software? - Cusp. Futures. Worriedly optimistic. Obligation. Opting out not an option. Related posts: I can understand super models being paid in euros, but it is a surprise when rap videos start featuring euros. “The Jay-Z video flashed large stacks of $500 Euros. When I start seeing rap stars flashing euros instead of U.S. dollars, I know our economy is in trouble. ” (via Mark Hemingway at nationalreview.com) Paul: I found the concept of “information underload” an interesting one. While a bit turned off with the “excuse” of simply turning it off as a way to cope or justify not dealing with it, I do understanding your point that we need to faciliate a way where people can “be effective when at the control panel”. However, this brings up an even more fundamental question. If we believe people will truly not engage b/c information overload as a way to avoid it, do we really believe people will engage if given information in a “digest” or less overload sort of way. Users have to have the need and desire to get to information that matters. Just because technology is there, there still needs to an effort. BTW, I did find very interesting your view on that you would much rather have something that gave you contrarian views to your work or views than substantiate your existing view/opinion on something. Of course, “contrary” is such a abstract topic when the premise is not black and white.

<issue_start><issue_comment>Title: [WIP] Add Rest endpoints for Helm release operations. username_0: This PR adds following endpoints 1. Delete Helm release - **DELETE** _/api/helm/release_ 2. Rollback Helm Release - **PATCH** _/api/helm/release_ 3. Upgrade Helm Release - **PATCH* * _/api/helm/release?revision=1_ <issue_comment>username_1: `helm upgrade` UI requirements : from https://issues.redhat.com/browse/APPSVC-367 1. User can click on upgrade and is presented with a list of chart versions available in the chart repo 2. User selects the chart version to upgrade to 3. User is presented with a YAML editor with the chart's default values.yaml 4. User clicks on upgrade. So, Upgrade API should expect - The url of the new version of the chart, with the values dictionary, Or - The url of the existing version of the chart, with the different values dictionary. `helm rollback` UI requirements : from https://issues.redhat.com/browse/APPSVC-367 1. User clicks on rollback and is presented with the revisions in history of the helm release 2. User selects a revision and clicks on rollback 3. Helm release is rollbacked to the selected revision So, in case of rollback, no communication with repo is necessary. The Rollback API would expect 1. The release identifier, and 2. The revision Let's ensure the APIs are serving the needs of the UI. Please validate with @rohitkrai03 too. cc @christianh814 <issue_comment>username_1: /retitle APIs for modification of a helm release <issue_comment>username_2: Need to document the additional endpoints. <issue_comment>username_3: Hey @username_0 can you rebase your PR https://github.com/openshift/console/pull/4580 with master? It doesnt have the latest code for helm proxy and hence doesnt return the helm charts. <issue_comment>username_0: Need to add unit test to upgrade a chart using custom value. <issue_comment>username_1: @username_0 could you please document the response structure for the new APIs in the PR description as well the docs ? @parvathyvr Ideally, the response structure should be documented here https://github.com/openshift/console/tree/master/docs/helm ( which would have changes in this PR as well ) <issue_comment>username_0: Docs has been updated in this PR. @username_1 I'll update the description in the PR desc. <issue_comment>username_0: cc: @benjaminapetersen Please review this

Aubrie Pagano In the Winter 2017 issue of Total Retail, we asked our editorial advisory board what they consider to be the key priority for them to grow their businesses this year. Here are some of their answers: In this discussion, we'll discuss how retailers are connecting with their customers through digital means to create a seamless online and offline brand experience.<<

Isle Casino and Racing (1800 SW Third St., Pompano Beach, 954-972-2000, TheIslePompanoPark.com) will give away a Yukon Denali on Saturday and a bunch of free play before and afterward. From 4 to 7 p.m., five hourly winners will receive $500 in free play. The grand prize of the Yukon will go at 8 p.m, and then five slot players will get a bonus drawing at 9 p.m. for $250 in free play. Players will get one free entry and additional entries for every 250 points. Seminole Casino Coconut Creek (5550 NW 40th St., 954-977-6700, SeminoleCasinoCoconutCreek.com) will host a $10K Birthday Giveaway from 5 to 9 p.m. Monday. A date will be drawn every hour, and people born on that date will split $2,000. If no winner is present within this time period, the prize will be added to the next drawing time’s prize total. Seminole Hard Rock Hotel and Casino (1 Seminole Way, Hollywood, 866-502-7529, SeminoleHardRockHollywood.com) will hold its Hidden Treasures giveaway from 8 a.m. to midnight Sunday. A prize of . Blues Traveler will perform 8 p.m. Saturday at Stage 305 in Magic City Casino (450 NW 37th Ave., Miami, 305-649-3000, MagicCityCasino.com). The blues-rock band is on tour celebrating its 25th anniversary and promoting its latest album, “Suzie Cracks the Whip.” The band’s hits include “Run-Around,” “Hook” and “But Anyway.” Casino Miami Jai-Alai (3500 NW 37th Ave., Miami, 305-633-6400, CasinoMiamiJaiAlai.com) is wrapping up its karaoke series with the Casino Miami Idol Event at 9 p.m. Saturday. Top karaoke winners for the quarter are invited back to try for the top prizes, which are $500, $300 and $200 in cash.

Vienna is a case study and part of Harvard University's Transforming Urban Transportation project. Ralph Buehler, Associate Professor in Urban Affairs & Planning and a Faculty Fellow with the Metropolitan Institute at Virginia Tech's Alexandria Center, has visited the city. An interview by Andrea Weninger, Walk21 Program Director. The initial experience was that the city is relatively dense, many streets are narrow, at least compared to the United States. And motorists are generally well behaved. And of course, Vienna has a very good public transport network. Public transport trips typically include walking as an access mode. What do you think about the public transport system? Vienna has a dense network with many stations. This makes it easy to reach most places in the city with easy transfers from one public transport line to the other. Very often I have the tendency to want to have a one seat ride: you get in at the origin and you exit public transport only once. But here in Vienna it is quite possible to make many easy, well connected switches and changes within the public transport network. What surprises you most about the city? Most surprising was the feeling of density. There are buildings 5 or 6 storeys high on both sides of the street. That gives you a nice feeling of enclosure as a pedestrian. Many city blocks are short and you can see your destination. Moreover, it is easy and interesting to walk, you can look left and right and look in shop windows which is quite pleasant. Walking in Vienna. Image: Florian Gerlich | PlanSinn. Vienna's mode share of walking is 27 %. Do you think measures can be taken to raise the share of walking? It is quite normal in most western cities, for the walk share to be flat or even decreasing. I believe it does not have to be that way. Most cities have focused on promoting driving for several decades. Some cities have also tried to promote public transport or bicycling. Walking has been neglected as a mode of transport and a goal for planning. There have been the big projects, like downtown pedestrian zones. But cities have not really thought about pedestrian networks and pedestrian accessibility outside the city centre. I think cities have to take pedestrians more seriously. Can it be effective to advertise walking? It is a very good idea to promote walking, but I don't think you can just tell people to walk. I believe you can make it interesting and attractive, with the support of marketing programs. But in order to implement such programs, you also need the infrastructure, so that the people who walk, actually have a good experience. The attempt to make walking stylish always has to go in hand with infrastructure improvement. Why should people walk more? When you walk, it may sometimes take you a little bit longer to get to certain places, but it is good for you and it is physical activity. Your heart rate rises if you walk longer at a higher pace. So the very selfish idea of doing something good for yourself and walking go together very well. Is it popular in the US to connect walking to public health? Yes, and I believe the same is true for bicycling. In the US health problems and especially cardiovascular disease and obesity are big problems. About one third of the US population is considered obese. In Europe, I believe, people are getting larger as well, but they have not reached US proportions yet. Including walking into your daily routine will help protect against disease in the future. Times Square New York City. Future GDPs will not be growing as they used to. What will be the impact on mobility and mobility behaviour? Is there a connection? There are different ways to look at that. One is, that walking and non-car use as transport modes can contribute to economic development. In US cities there is competition for new creative and talented people, they are called the "creative class". Cities are competing to attract their talent. These people are more inclined to walk, to cycle or to use public transport. Twenty or thirty years ago, young and successful people were driving a car and cities tried to accommodate them by building highways and nice parking garages. Now it turns out cities need these young and successful people to grow the economy. These people are are interested in walking, cycling and public transport. How can walking contribute to local economies? Well, walking, cycling and public transport can contribute to your local economic development. The GDP will still be growing, but it will not be the manufacturing-based GDP, rather it will grow from tech based innovations. If a city does not have a growing GDP, it does not have a growing tax base. Investing in pedestrian and cycling facilities is much cheaper than investing in public transport or in roadway capacity. Also, people who cannot afford a car or a public transport ticket, may still be able to get a cheap used bicycle or they can also walk. In times of economic crisis, will we have to change our mobility behaviour? Is there any relevant research on that topic? There is some research on … well not on transport, but on shrinking cities and how cities that are losing population try to adapt. But I have not seen good research on connecting this to mobility. I think it is safe to say, that a city that has a transport system that relies more on walking and public transport, should be more resilient against outside economic shocks than a city that is fully car dependent. The economic crisis more severely affected suburban neighbourhoods in the US that were only accessible by automobile. This coincided with very a high gasoline prices. People had bought houses they could not afford. Suddenly, they don't even have enough money to pay for the gasoline to get to these neighbourhoods. Neighbourhoods that were closer to the public transport stops or to the inner city, had it much better. So maybe there might be a link between resilience and the different modes of transport. Rome, Via dei Fiori Imperiali. What about the future of urban mobility in 30 years. How will we be travelling in cities? It's a difficult question. From the behavioural side, what you are seeing now as a trend I think will continue, which is a diversification of transportation use, of multi-modality. More people will use more different modes of transport. Diversification of usage in modes will continue. How will technology impact our future mobility? Technology is the big unknown in the future. If you believe some transport engineers and the car industry, their big dream since the 1930s is just around the corner. We will have automated and connected vehicles. Cars have gotten much more automated already, they can park themselves now, and some cars have technology that can help avoid or reduce accidents. The next dream of the car industry is that the cars can communicate with each other, with traffic signals and you don't have to do the driving any more. Would this mean more or less cars on our streets? If you believe in automated and connected vehicles, the future of mobility could hold a lot more driving. On the other hand connected and automated vehicles may need less space, because they can travel and park closer together. We can then use that space for other modes of transport or public spaces. Besides technology, what else will change future transportation? I think it is the desire of people for public spaces, for being outside, for interacting with others. The future may thus look more like our past—before mass motorization and adapting cities to cars. People increasingly value and enjoy public spaces and public interaction. And this would not even be that expensive! No, not as much as all the technological changes. But of course, the technological changes are always more intriguing to politicians and seem to be the way forward as an extension of modernist car-oriented planning that dominates many cities. It is harder to get money for walking and cycling, which does not sound so futuristic or maybe not that cool. Sharing urban public spaces. Mariahilferstraße, Vienna. How can the culture of sharing impact mobility behaviour? Some car sharing programs are attempts by the car industry, to catch up with young people, who would not drive otherwise. So, just because it is sharing does not mean that it is necessarily less driving. You are researching on what cities can learn from other cities, like Vienna. What lesson can will take home? If you make a mode of transport extremely attractive and convenient, people will use it. That seems to be the case with public transport in Vienna. The other part is parking management that is going on in the inner districts in Vienna. You cannot just use carrots and make one mode more attractive, but you also have to use a stick to push people a little bit out of their cars. And a city must have good alternatives such as walking and cycling infrastructure, as Vienna is providing. I think that could be a lesson from Vienna. Ralph Buehler, PhD is Associate Professor in Urban Affairs & Planning and a Faculty Fellow with the Metropolitan Institute at Virginia Tech's Alexandria Center. Most of his research has an international comparative perspective, contrasting transport and land-use policies, transport systems, and travel behaviour. Together with colleagues he works on a case study of Vienna as part of Harvard University's Transforming Urban Transportation project. 'Walking Visionaries' Award?

You hear sounds with your ears. - An example of hear is when a bell rings and you are aware of it. - An example of hear is when you learn through listening to gossip that your new boss is a jerk. - An example of hear is when you are aware of a new science project. transitive verbheard , hear′ing - to perceive or sense (sounds), esp. through stimulation of auditory nerves in the ear by sound waves - to listen to and consider; specif., - to take notice of; pay attention to: hear what I tell you - to listen to officially; give a formal hearing to: to hear a child's lessons - to conduct an examination or hearing of (a law case, etc.); try - to consent to; grant: hear my plea - to understand: I hear you - to be a member of the audience at (an opera, lecture, etc.) - to be informed of; be told of; learn of: to hear a rumor Origin of hearMiddle English heren from Old English hieran, akin to German hören (Goth hausjan) from Indo-European base an unverified form keu-, to notice, observe from source Classical Latin cavere, be on one's guard, Classical Greek koein, to perceive, hear - to have a normally functioning ear or ears; be able to hear sounds - to listen - to be told or informed (of or about) - to get a telephone call, letter, e-mail, etc. from - to get a criticism or reprimand from will not hear of verbheard, hear·ing, hears - To perceive (sound) by the ear: Can you hear the signal? - To learn by hearing; be told by others: I heard she got married. - a. To listen to (something) attentively or in an official capacity, as in a court: heard the last witness in the afternoon.b. To listen to and consider favorably: Lord, hear my prayer!c. To attend or participate in: hear Mass. - To be capable of perceiving sound. - To receive news or information; learn: I heard about your accident. - To consider, permit, or consent to something. Used only in the negative: I won't hear of your going! Origin of hearMiddle English hearen Old English hīeran ; see kous- in Indo-European roots. (third-person singular simple present hears, present participle hearing, simple past and past participle heard) - (intransitive) To perceive sounds through the ear. [from 10th c.] - I was deaf, and now I can hear. - To perceive (a sound, or something producing a sound) with the ear, to recognize (something) in an auditory way. [from 10th c.] - I heard a sound from outside the window. - To exercise this faculty intentionally; to listen to. [from 10th c.] - To listen favourably to; to grant (a request etc.). [from 10th c.] - Eventually the king chose to hear her entreaties. - To receive information about; to come to learn of. [from 10th c.] - To listen to (a person, case) in a court of law; to try. [from 12th c.] - Your case will be heard at the end of the month. - (informal) To sympathize with; to share the feeling or opinion of. - You're tired of all the ads on TV? I hear ya. From Middle English heren, from Old English hēran, hȳran, hīeran (“to hear”), from Proto-Germanic *hauzijaną (“to hear”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱh₂owsyé-. Compare West Frisian hearre (“to hear”), Dutch horen (“to hear”), German hören (“to hear”), Danish høre (“to hear”), Icelandic heyra (“to hear”).

State of Our Waters - Streams Snohomish County is home to over 5,700 miles of rivers and streams flowing down from the Cascade mountains and into Puget Sound. The State of Our Waters program helps us understand the health of this vast network of streams that provide both natural beauty and important functions including: - Fish and wildlife habitat - Flood prevention - Groundwater recharge for drinking water - Pollution prevention 2018 & 2019 Stream Health Report Cards Monitoring Stream HealthSnohomish County looks at five key indicators to understand stream health. Three of the indicators, water quality, aquatic life, and habitat are summarized in the stream health report cards. The other two indicators, land cover and hydrology provide context to understand changes in health over time. Water quality is a measure of the chemical and physical characteristics of the water that affect the streams health. Water quality includes measuring the chemical and physical characteristics of the water including the following eight parameters: |- Temperature||- pH||- Nitrogen||- Turbidity| |- Dissolved oxygen||- Fecal coliform||- Phosphorus||- Suspended sediment| The results are combined to calculate the streams Water Quality Index (WQI). The annual index score is an average of the three lowest scoring months. The score can range from 0-100 with higher numbers indicating better water quality. The WQI was developed by the WA State Department of Ecology and is used throughout the state to summarize water quality data in an easy-to-understand format. To assess the health of stream aquatic life, Snohomish County primarily examines the aquatic insects living on the stream bottom known as benthic macroinvertabrates. Most are insects that live part of their life in the water such as mayfly and dragonfly larvae but also includes things like snails and clams. In addition to being a vital part of the stream ecosystem, these organisms provide excellent indicators of health because they: - Exhibit tolerance or intolerance to impacts in streams like pollution or habitat changes - Are relatively sedentary and cannot easily move away from pollution - Can be collected easily Stream habitat is important for salmon, steelhead and other aquatic life. Habitat conditions for fish are assessed in the summer by looking at a representative stream length which varies based on width (100-800 meters). Measurements of the following features are taken continuously or at 11 points along the survey length and are combined to develop a habitat index score of 0 to 100: - Large woody material – number of large wood pieces - Pool habitat frequency – number of pools - Pool habitat area – total pool area out of the total wet area - Streambank armoring – percent of the streambank with riprap or similar armoring materials - Streambed fine sediment – percent of streambed material that is sand or silt (<6 mm) Land cover is the type of vegetation or surface on the land. Land cover influences stream health because runoff from rain flows across the landscape and into the stream. We characterize the types of land cover in the area that drains to a stream known as a the stream's watershed. Since land cover is closely related to land use, we also chose stream sites that represented the four main land uses in Snohomish County: |- Forest||- Urban||- Rural||- Agriculture| The land cover in the area nearest a stream, called a buffer, is especially important to understand stream health. Natural conditions in this area help to reduce pollution, provide shade to the stream, supply woody material to the stream habitat, and stabilize the stream banks. Evaluating changes in land use and the impacts on stream health provides data to help inform long term land use planning and decision making. Hydrology data tells us how much water is flowing in our streams, largely from rain and snow melt, and how flow changes during the year. Flow measurements are taken at each site (frequency varies) and the data analyzed to determine information like: - Low flows - particularly in the summer - High flows - such as during a major rain storm - Pulse counts – the number of high flow events - Flashiness – how fast the stream flow increases and decreases during a storm This information provides important context about what is happening in the stream as flow can impact water quality and aquatic life. For example, low summer flows are difficult for fish and higher winter flows can carry more pollution to the stream. . Which streams do we monitor?Each year we randomly select 30-50 sites to sample. The sites are selected to represent the four major land use types in the area: urban, rural, forested, and agricultural areas. There are two types of sites: - Trend sites - used to track changes over time and help to us understand if changes are due to large-scale natural causes, like drought or local, watershed-level changes. To do this, the same 20 or so sites are sampled every year. - Status sites - used to understand the conditions of specific streams. Each year approximately 15 status sites are sampled and over time collectively help to understand the larger stream system. Do you live near a stream? - we are here to help As a streamside landowner you have a unique opportunity to help keep water clean, benefit wildlife habitat and improve flood and erosion control. Snohomish County has resources to help you protect your property and improve the health of our local waterways. For more information or to talk to our watershed steward visit our streamside living page.

The USGS Education Collection provides scientific data and activities about natural resources, natural hazards, geospatial data and issues that affect quality of life. As an outreach project, it provides access to online material and educational resources that may be useful to K-12 educators and college instructors. Many resources can be used directly in the classroom: lessons, labs, demonstrations or as resources for teacher education, curriculum development and for student research. Collection is intended for: Primary (K-2), Intermediate (3-5), Middle (6-8), High (9-12), College (13-14) Try searching on these terms (type in keyword box): Educational theory and practice, Earthquake, Tsunamis, Landslide, Volcano, Flood, Maps, Atlas, Satellite images. Collection Scope and