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|Religion||Islam and Christianity| |Executive Power:||Musa Shakiliyev| |Number of villages||58| |Number of towns||1| The area of the region occupies 1,494 km2 (577 sq mi) and borders Russia on the north, Georgia on the west. It also shares the internal boundaries with Zaqatala Rayon in the northwest, Yevlakh and Samukh regions in the south and Shaki region in the east. The Qakh region of Azerbaijan has a long history dating back to ancient times. Archeological excavations the area had been populated during Eneolithic, Bronze and early Iron Ages. What remains of these early inhabitants' activities indicates they engaged largely in sedentary cultivation, animal-breeding and art. According to historians, the territory of Qakh was a part of the Scythian Kingdom in the 7th century B.C. With the spread of Christianity throughout the region during the existence of Caucasian Albania, some Christian temples were built in the Qakh district. In the 8th century A.D., Qakh fell under Arab occupation. Starting from the 11th century first Oghuz Turks and later Qipchaq Turks inhabited the area, the region was incorporated into Great Seljuq Empire. Qakh was later a part of Atabeg and Shirvanshah states. With invasion of Hulaguids in Azerbaijan in the 13th century, Mongolian nomadic tribes populated the region. In 1562, by the order of the Safavid Shah Tahmasp I, Ilisu Sultanate was established in Qakh. In the 18th century, Ilisu Sultanate became so powerful that, the Ottoman Emperor conferred its ruler Ali Sultan Bey the highest title of Pasha recognizing him as the Beylerbey of Shaki. In 1803 the sultanate of Ilisu was annexed to the Russian empire. The ruler of the sultanate, Daniyal, inspired the people to rise against Russian rule in 1844, due to a disagreement between him and the government of Russia. Sultan Daniyel was defeated near the village of İlisu and continued his struggle against Russian along with the leader of the national freedom movement, Sheykh Shamil. Russians burnt Ilisu and divided the territory of the sultanate into mahals (territorial units) and annexed them to the Jar-Balaken daire (territorial unit) converting it into a colony of tsarist Russia. With proclamation of independence of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic in May 1918, Qakh was retained within Azerbaijan. During the Soviet rule, Qakh was established as raion of Azerbaijan SSR in 1930. The overall statistics indicate the population growth fluctuates. For instance, In 2000 there were 832 newly born, in 2006 - 816, down to 753 in 2009. |Ethnic composition census (1999)| The city has 59 villages. Famous people born in the city - Danyal Sultan - Muslum Maqomayev (songwriter) - Niko Pirosmanashvili - Pyotr Babayev - Mose Canashvili - İmam Mustafayev - İsmayıl Dağıstanlı - Aynur Sofiyeva - Statistical Yearbook 2011, table 2.19, State Statistical Committee of Azerbaijan, Baku. - Qax Rayon: General information on Azerbaijan.az - "Qax rayonu icra hakimiyyətin başçisi dəyişdirildi" [The head of executive power of Qakh rayon replaced]. Lider TV. 2010-12-30. - "Qax rayonu icra hakimiyyəti. QAX RAYONU HAQQINDA QISA MƏLUMAT" [Executive Power of Gakh Rayon. Brief information about Gakh Rayon]. Retrieved 2010-12-30. - "Архитектурное наследие Албанской Церкви" [Architectural heritage of Albanian Church]. Retrieved 2010-12-30. - "Azərbaycanın regionları. Demoqrafik göstəricilər" [Statistics Committee. Regions of Azerbaijan. Demographic indicators]. Retrieved 2010-12-30.

When talking about breathing biochemically, the focus will be shifted toward oxygen delivery to the tissues and carbon dioxide removal. Maintaining these gases is a complex body task due to their constant fluctuations. Looking at pH is a great way to get a glimpse of the the entire body. We know the pH scale runs from 1 to 14, with the physiological normal being between 7.35 and 7.45. If we have a value at 7.5 or above, our body goes into alkalosis. An example of this would be in the case of hyperventilation. If our pH drops to 7.3, we go into acidosis. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) CO2 determines blood acidity, and comes primarily from the mitochondria. It is the biological equivalent of smoke and ash. CO2 levels can vary with exercise, as more is produced when we are training. However, pH stays balanced because oxygen demand increases. The opposite occurs when we are not exerting ourselves because CO2 is not produced as much. Another example of changing CO2 levels is during breath holding. More is not necessarily produced, but CO2 levels rise because we are not exhaling it away. This rise is what we feel when we hold our breath. Metabolic Alkalosis and Acidosis Aberrant breathing can cause respiratory acidosis or alkalosis, but many physiological conditions can affect pH as well. These conditions can be differentiated by blood analysis. Some examples of metabolic acidosis include ketoacidosis and excessive diarrhea. Metabolic alkalosis can be induced by excessive vomiting or diuretic use. The above changes can influence breathing and oxygen transport. If we are more acidic, more breathing will be necessary and oxygen will be more ready to dissociate from its carrier hemoglobin. The reverse occurs when we are in an alkaline state. Breathing changes based on CO2 levels are regulated by two chemoreceptor types: medullary (central) and those in carotid and aortic bodies (peripheral). The medulla handles minute-to-minute adjustments while the peripheral receptors handle second-to-second adjustments. Allergies, Diets, and Nutrition It is not often discussed regarding how nutrition can affect breathing, but reading this book will make you think differently. Up to 10% of people with asthma may have a food allergy; especially if the asthma is poorly controlled. Even food intolerances can aggravate or trigger asthmatic attacks. Elevated blood lactate levels have also been shown to induce panic attacks and hyperventilation in those prone to these states. The reason is lactate can create peripheral alkalosis by converting to bicarbonate. Lactate matters because glucose has been shown to elevate lactate levels. So it may be fair to say that diets potentially high in sugar could influence panic and thus breathing disorders. Other substances such as alcohol and caffeine can also influence these levels. That does not mean that glucose ought to be completely eliminated from the diet, as our brains utilize 20% of available glucose in the body at any given time. Therefore, as a way to see if glucose levels have an effect on breathing disorders, check to see if hyperventilation occurs relative to meal times. Another unfortunate issue with hyperventilation is poor exercise tolerance. Carbonic acid levels increase with aerobic exercise; and lactic acid follows once the anaerobic threshold is crossed. Those who hyperventilate have smaller buffer zones for these acids due to less present bicarbonate. This chapter’s goal is to cover both normal and abnormal breathing patterns. Often, breathing disorders can seem similar to serious disease when in reality the patient may not be getting an adequate breath. In fact, hyperventilation syndrome (HVS) and breathing pattern disorders (BPD) have the following incidence: 10% of general medicine practice patients have HVS/BPD as their primary diagnosis. Female:male is about 2:1 to 7:1; most commonly in the 15-55 year age group. Acute HVS only makes up about 1% of cases. The normal resting breathing rates equate to around 10-14 breaths per minute, which moves around 3-5 liters of air per minute through the airways. Not so Normal Breathing HVS/BPD can be defined as a pattern of overbreathing where the depth and rate are greater than the body’s metabolic needs. In some cases, such as during exercise and organic disease, hyperventilation is an appropriate response. It is when these causes are not found that we attempt to affect these breathing patterns. There are a large number of symptoms that may coincide with HVS, but none are absolutely diagnostic. Oftentimes these symptoms are exaggerated when one has a hyperventilatory episode. I will break the signs and symptoms into the following categories: Numbness and tingling Ataxia and tremor Anxiety and panic Detachment from reality Impaired concentration, thinking, performance, and affect Disturbance of sleep/nightmares Chest pains and angina Palpitations and arrhythmias Lightheadedness and syncope Breathlessness and inability to take a deep breath, often nocturnal Sighing and yawning Upper-chest breathing and use of accessory muscles in the neck Chest wall tenderness Two hand test; one on upper sternum and the other on upper abdomen – top hand moves more Dry, unproductive cough and often clears the throat Aching and stiffness due to hypertonicity Cramps, carpopedal spasm and tetany Lower chest and epigastric discomfort Esophageal reflux and heartburn Upper abdominal distension Manneurism of air swallowing and belching This is a Test There are several special/lab tests that one can look at to help determine breathing disorders. Listed below are some of the more prominent tests performed: Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) Arterial blood gas Think test – have the patient recall a painful experience in which they experienced their symptoms; if end-tidal CO2 drops 10 mmHG, then the patient likely has a HVS. Breath holding time test – Those with HVS often have a hard time holding their breath no more than 10-12 seconds. 30 seconds is the dividing line between HVS and not. Voluntary overbreathing to reproduce symptoms. Other Breathing Issues Hyperventilation can also occur as a secondary issue to other breathing dysfunctions. Two examples included obstructive and restrictive breathing disorders. You may also see those who have been in chronic pain may be especially prone to HVS/BPDs. Breathing has been something I have been interested in very much since I first learned about its power from Bill Hartman and through the Postural Restoration Institute, and this excellent book is a great way to get a full overview. The first chapter covers too much anatomy to go through every little detail in my short blog post. So study up. Here are the highlights. Structure, Function, and You In order to have favorable respiration, structure makes all the difference. Adequate thoracic, ribcage, and breathing muscle mobility must be restored and maintained in order to uptake a quality breath. This can be achieved via re-education and training. Realize too that psychological distress can also play a huge role in how we breathe. Disorders such as anxiety and depression can have corresponding breathing dysfunctions. It may be the way the body responds to ensure survival. Ergo, when attempting to change breathing patterns favorably, one must address both structural and psychological factors. Homeostasis is the body’s process to normalize itself. If too many homeostatic-disrupting tasks are occurring at one time however—such as nutritional deficiencies and toxin ingestion—homeostatic function can become overwhelmed. This systematic stress can lead to breakdown and a switch to heterostasis, in which the body must be treated. We can restore homeostasis via the following: Take away as many undesirable adaptive factors as possible. Enhance, improve, and modulate defensive and repair processes. Treat symptoms without further burdening the system. A general rule of thumb when addressing these areas: The weaker a patient is, the lighter the intervention must be. There are several benefits to having optimal respiratory function: Allows gas exchange. Enhanced cellular function so the brain, organs, and body tissues perform normally. Permits normal speech. Involved in non-verbal expression. Assists in fluid movement. Mobilizes the spine. Enhances digestive function Air takes a fascinating journey when it enters our body. It goes through the following passageway The two breathing strategies we utilize are nose and mouth breathing. Nose breathing is slow and rhythmic; utilized for sleep, rest, and quiet activity. But when we need large air volumes, mouth breathing comes into play. Mouth breathing requires much less resistance compared to the nose, and involves intercostal and anterior neck muscle activity. Regardless of which strategy is used to breathe, the following occurs at the diaphragmatic level: Diaphragm descends during inhalation; pulling the central tendon down. Abdominal viscera resist the diaphragm from descending. This resistance fixes the central tendon, causing the ribs to displace laterally. At the same time, the sternum moves superiorly and anteriorly. The combination of the above two leads to thoracic cavity expansion. Greater breath volumes lead to accessory muscle utilization. Abdominal muscle tone allows for correct viscera position so an appropriate amount of central tendon resistance can occur. At the gas exchange level, air travels via the following pathway: Lung function can also be affected by fascial links throughout the body. There is a direct fascial connection from the base of the skull to the diaphragmatic apex. Thus, stress in one area along this pathway can affect areas along the same location. As an example, changes in cervical spine or diaphragm position can lead to changes in breathing patterns. You can also see fascial connections between the diaphragm, cervical spine, and pleura. You can often see that the pleura can be affected with impairments in the prior regions. For example, there have been dissections in which degenerated lower cervical structures also have corresponding fibrotic change to the pleuropulmonary attachments. Ain’t no Bones About it From a spinal perspective, breathing has a large effect on joint mobility; namely in the frontal plane. Every time we inhale, the odd segments (C3, T7) become more mobile, with the even segments increasing mobility during exhalation. This effect decreases as we travel down to the lower thoracic segments. The exception for this mobility is the cervicocranial junction, in which all three planes become more mobile upon inhalation. Taking this phenomenon into account, it may be helpful to utilize breathing cycles during mobilizations depending on which segments you wish facilitate. Neural Regulation and Breathing The brain works on controlling respiration in order to maintain balanced concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Respiratory control centers are located in the brainstem via three primary nuclei groups: Dorsal respiratory group – Found in the medulla. This area creates inspiratory movements and is responsible for the basic breathing rhythm. Pneumotaxic center – Found in the superior part of the pons. This area controls the filling phase of breathing. Ventral respiratory group – Found in the medulla. This area causes both inspiration and expiration. However, this area is inactive during quiet breathing. While not a brain area, the Hering-Breuer reflex is an important neurological phenomenon. Located in the nerves of the bronchi and bronchioles, this reflex prevents lung overinflation via sending messages to the dorsal respiratory center via the vagus nerve. Most of the above is in reference to quiet breathing. We can use a cortical overriding system via spinal neurons to respiratory muscles to consciously change breathing patterns. This strategy is utilized in day-to-day activities such as speaking and singing. There is also some evidence that the cortex and thalamus drive some normal respiratory function. These areas are likely what we target and are likely originators for breathing pattern disorders (BPDs) and hyperventilation syndromes (HVSs). You cannot talk breathing without mentioning the autonomic nervous system (ANS). There are two divisions of the ANS; the sympathetic (SNS) and parasympathetic (PNS) nervous systems. The SNS deals with flight, fight, or freeze responses; and its neurons connect to the head, neck, heart, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. So we can see a vast number of areas that are affected if the SNS is dominant. The PNS, on the other hand, deals with visceral functions aka rest and digest. These areas govern the lungs, cranial, and pelvic regions. There is also a third nervous system called the non-adrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) system, which contains inhibitory and stimulating fibers. The main neurotransmitter for this region is nitric oxide. When inhibitory neurons in the NANC are active, smooth muscle relaxation and bronchodilation occur via calcium ions, with the opposite occurring via NANC’s stimulatory C fibers. The Muscles of Respiration The two thoracic-based muscle groups that influence respiration can be broken down into extrinsic and intrinsic. Extrinsic muscles position the torso; which influences shoulder, arm, neck, and head placement. As we learned previously, the position of these areas can influence breathing mechanics. The intrinsic muscles predominately focus on moving thoracic vertebrae or the rib cage, and are the money muscles associated with respiration. To get more specific, there are several muscles that work on inspiration. The king of course is the diaphragm, which provides 70-80% of the inhalation force. Other muscles that assist inspiration include lateral external intercostals, parasternal internal intercostals, scalenes, and levator costarum. When we need an extra inspiratory kick for more demanding activities, we will often use accessory muscles to facilitate this process. These muscles include sternocleidomastoid (SCM), upper trapezius, pectoralis major and minor, serratus anterior, latissimus dorsi, serrratus posterior superior, iliocostalis thoracis, subclavius, and omohyoid. We also have muscles that can perform exhalation, but understand that exhaling is primarily a passive process. We exhale based on elastic recoil from the lungs, diaphragm, pleura, and costal cartilages. But sometimes you may want to utilize muscles to force an exhale. The guys for this would include interosseous internal intercostals, abdominal muscles, transversus thoracics, subcostales, iliocostalis lumborum, quadratus lumborum, serratus posterior inferior, and latissimus dorsi. Piriformis syndrome often involves the fibular tract of the sciatic nerve. It has the capacity to create symptoms from the buttock down to the anterolateral leg. Testing the neurodynamics with a fibular nerve bias is essential. To attempt to isolate this problem, we must best differentiate interface from neurodynamic components. Using Cyriax principles –palpation, contraction, and lengthening –can be beneficial in this regard. Keep in mind that below 70 degrees hip flexion the piriformis produces external rotation, and above 70 degrees it is an internal rotator. When treating this problem, the goal is to change pressure between the piriformis muscle and the sciatic nerve. Level 1a – Static opener VID – KF, ER Level 1b – Dynamic opener VID – Passive ER Level 2a – Closer mobilization using passive IR. VID – Passive IR Level 2b – We finish with a passive piriformis stretch VID – Tailor stretch If there is a neurodynamic component to things, slightly modify things by using sliders. We start things off with the same opener as the interface above. As the patient progresses, you can add proximal or distal components eventually finishing with a fibular nerve-based slump. VID – Building the slump To combine interface and neural treatments, contract-relax can be utilized. Sciatic Nerve in the Thigh Oftentimes with hamstring strains, sciatic nerve sensitivity can increase. The slump and straight leg raise tests can be utilized to help differentiate a pure hamstring issue from neural problems. To treat this issue, sliders can be utilized, eventually working to a slump tensioner: VID – PF at top for proximal dysfunction, DF at bottom for distal sliding…progress with spinal lateral flexion (done in slump Knee and Thigh Pain Implicating neurodynamic problems in this population is challenging, as these tests often show covert abnormal responses. These can be treated with simple sliders and tensioners. These are not in the Shacklock book, but are what I have been currently using. VID of FS slider and tensioner Here is an example of a slider and tensioner for fibular nerve impairments. Both neck flexion and knee extension increase symptoms – Tension dysfunction. The straight leg raise is another important test that can help determine the nervous system’s state. The treatment parallels similar tactics as previous body areas. For reduced closing dysfunctions We start level 1 with static openers, progress to dynamic openers, then work to close. For opening dysfunctions, we progress toward further opening/contralateral lateral flexion. We treat these mechanisms based on which dysfunction is present. For cephalid sliding dysfunctions, we approach with distal to proximal progressions; and for caudad sliding dysfunction, we work proximal to distal Tension dysfunctions are started with off-loading mvoements towards tensioners Sometimes you can have interface dysfunctions that simultaneously have contradictory neurodynamic dysfunction. There are several instances of the case. Reduced closing with distal sliding dysfunction – Treat by combining closing maneuvers while perform active knee extension. Reduced closing with proximal sliding dysfunction – Address by closing maneuver with neck flexion. Reduced closing with tension dysfunction – This is treated with adding closing components to tensioners Reduced opening with distal sliding dysfunction – Here we add a dynamic opener along with leg movements. Reduced opening with proximal sliding dysfunction – Same as above, only we add neck flexion instead of leg movements Reduced opening with tension dysfunction – Basically a combination of the last two treatments. The same techniques can be applied to mid-lumbar dysfunctions, this time utilizing the femoral slump: And if all else fails, just watch this video (NSFW due to language). Wow. That’s all that really needs to be said. I have had a great deal of exposure to PRI in the past, but I have only had one formal class under my belt. Needless to say, I was looking forward to learning more. James Anderson and the PRI folks did not disappoint. Myokinematic Restoration was easily the best class I have taken all year. It also helped having another like-minded group attending. You learn so much more when you are surrounded by friends. Here is the course low-down. Disclaimer for the Uninitiated I know there are a lot of misconceptions about PRI on the interwebz. Even though posture is in the name, PRI has little to do with posture in the traditional sense. We know posture does not cause pain, and PRI agrees with this notion. But it’s not like they can change the name of the organization now. What? Do you think Ron Hruska is Diddy or something? After discussions with James and his mentioning this aloud in class, the target of PRI is the autonomic nervous system. Not posture, not pain, not pathoanatomy, but the brain. Essentially, they have figured out a window into the autonomic nervous system via peripheral assessment. Moreover, PRI is not in the pain business, though many think this is the case. Hell, even in the home studies they mention pain quite a bit. But realize those were done in 2005. Would you like me to hold you to things you have said 8 years ago? Throughout the entire two day course, pain was mentioned in two instances. The first time was this direct quote from James: “ PRI does not treat pain.” The second time was mentioned in the case of various pathologies, in which James put a disclaimer that PRI just puts these things in here per clinician requests. What PRI treats is position, neutrality, a state of the autonomic nervous system that is shifted towards parasympathetic but can freely alternate between sympathetic and parasympathetic states. So if PRI doesn’t treat pain why use it? I say because the autonomic nervous system influences pain states. The potentially indirect effects on pain when the autonomic nervous system is favorably influenced seem desirable. And from my own personal experience, for whatever that is worth, my limited understanding of PRI has netted me quite a bit of success with my patients. It also requires my patients to spend less time in the clinic since they do not require my hands; good news for everyone. Back to the Basics The basic PRI concepts rely on asymmetry. All body systems –neurological, respiratory, muscular, visual, etc.—are asymmetrical. This asymmetry cannot be changed, but we can strive to reduce one-sided dominance as best we can. The side that is dominant in human beings is the right side. This lateralization is normal, but what we don’t want is the right to be overly biased. Too much right dominance essentially creates a low level left sided neglect. Myokin’s utmost focus is on a polyarticular muscle chain known as the anterior interior chain (AIC), which is composed of the following muscles: Diaphragm – king Tensor fascia lata You have two of these chains, a left and a right. For a variety of reasons, such as our asymmetrical build and left hemisphere/right sided dominance, the left AIC is more dominantly active compared to the right. You can notice this dominance just by comparing right and left hemidiphragms: Right has a larger diameter. Right has a thicker & larger central tendon. Right has a higher dome, and is better able to maintain this shape. Right has more crural fibers and fascia. The right crura attach 1-1.5 levels lower on the lumbar spine than the left. Basically, the right diaphragm is built for success, whereas the left diaphragm is often more contracted, smaller, and less concentrically effective. This difference helps perpetuate a more active LAIC. The path of least resistance for you to have an effective breath is by activating these muscles. Because the LAIC is the more dominant chain, this throws the body into an asymmetrical position. The left innominate is more anteriorly tilted and forwardly rotated with the right more posteriorly tilted and backwardly rotated. This position puts the right hip into internal rotation, adduction, and extension; and the left hip compensatorily into external rotation, abduction, and flexion. Chains and Gait These chains oppose each other during gait. For example, when you are standing on your right leg, your LAIC is active, causing the swing leg to further put weight on the right leg. You cannot fully use one chain unless the opposite chain is inhibited, so the RAIC is quite during this phase. Inhibition allows for alternating and reciprocal gait; the goal of PRI. Realize that as long as you are in weight bearing, you are in a phase of gait. We can base this off of pelvic positioning. Since pelvic position can be altered with breathing, it is fair to say the every time you take a breath you are put into a phase of gait. Breathing and gait are one in the same. To assess neutrality, many common tests already utilized in the therapy realm are used. The two big tests are: Modified Ober’s test (adduction drop) Modified Thomas test (extension drop) With the LAIC pattern, you will see a positive Ober’s on the left but not on the right. This finding is due to either restriction from the anterior-inferior acetabular labral rim, transverse ligament, and piriformis muscle; or impact of the posteroinferior femoral neck on the posteroinferior rim of acetabulum that does not allow femoral adduction. The Thomas test in this pattern can be either positive or negative. A positive Thomas correlates with the adduction drop due to the limited extension. A negative Thomas test, barring a positive Ober, would implicate iliofemoral and pubofemoral ligament laxity. If we think back to the position of the innominate, the left femur will have to externally rotate in order to face forward, which can stretch the anterior capsuloligamentous structures. Here is the same thing better explained by Bill Hartman: You should also see limited right trunk rotation (unless there is iliolumbar ligament laxity), decreased left SLR (unless you have an overstretched hamstring), an apparent shorter left leg, and decreased left hip internal rotation and right hip external rotation. PRI also has a test called the Hruska Adduction Lift test, which is used to assess acetabulofemoral control in a way that correlates with gait. The scope of this test and interpretations are too much to fully write about in a short summary, so perhaps when I get better understanding all the nuances, performance, and meaning I will post on this test further. Until then, PRI instructor Mike Cantrell wrote a great piece on the lift test here. Taking the above tests, namely the adduction drop and lift test, the goal is to satisfy the following questions: 1) Can the person adduct? (adduction drop) 2) Can the person internally rotate on both sides? (Measurement, adduction lift) 3) Does the person have internal rotation strength on both sides? (adduction lift) In order to inhibit the LAIC, there are several key muscles that are to be activated: Left Hamstrings [sagittal repositioner] Left anterior gluteus medius Left ischiocondylar (hamstring portion; IC) adductor [frontal repositioner] Left glute max (sagittal fibers) Right adductor magnus Right glute max (transverse fibers) [Transverse repositioner and the other key to maintaining neutrality]. Bilateral obturator interni (the key to maintaining neutrality) Left abdominal obliques. The goal is to influence the left hemidiaphragm away from its overly contracted state in order to allow better reciprocally alternating respiration, position, and gait. Treating the LAIC The LAIC patient has a positive adduction drop test and Thomas test. So the name of the game is to reposition and develop hole control. What hole control means is allowing the obturator and glute max to control the femur in the acetabulum to allow for reciprocal gait pattern. For the LAIC, we want to activate the following muscles in the following order: 1) Biceps femoris in ER/extension 2&3) R Glute max & obturator & adductor magnus via ER 4) L Anterior glute med via IR 5) L IC adductor via IR 6) Medial hamstrings via IR By performing the exercises in this order, we first reposition, then establish hole control, and then retrain the person to turn to the left side. There are certain instances in which ligaments can get stretched out and become lax. This is where the concept of ligamentous muscle comes into play, in which muscles increase their tone to reinforce capsuloligamentous structures. The theoretical reason this order is performed is because the IC adductor approximates the femur into the acetabulum, while the left anterior gluteus medius strangulates the joint by further driving internal rotation. For a patho LAIC, we go for the following muscles in a slightly different order: 1) Biceps femoris to reposition 2) L IC adductor via IR 3) L anterior glute med via IR 4) R glute max via ER 5) R adductor magnus via ER 6) L medial hamstrings via IR In this instance, we reposition, then build ligamentous muscle, and finish by establishing hole control. If after a successful reposition you notice mobility changes in hip rotation, you may want to proceed in the following manner: Decreased left IR (v Right): Stretch posterior capsule Increased left ER (v right): go after L IC adductor and L anterior glute med Increased right IR (v left): Kick in R glute max and R posterior glute med Decreased right ER (v left): Stretch anterior & inferior capsule Favorite James Quotes “The diaphragm owns you.” “If you don’t have position and throw in demand, someone else will do it.” “I find it offensive when people say iliopsoas. We don’t call it the hamductor obturatoridiosus.” “Screw PT school, subscribe to Oprah.” “The whole body is in a phase of gait.” “The problem is the brain and the diaphragm.” “Nobody is Weak.” “External rotation is worthless without internal rotation.” “PRI is from start to finish brain therapy and parasympathetic awareness of the left side.” I cannot recommend enough courses from PRI. I base this off of the methodology, effectiveness, and thought process. They appreciate the nervous system’s power just as much as anyone. Please check them out and tell ‘em Zac sent you. When discussing TOS pathoneurodynamics, you must talk about breathing. The brachial plexus passes inferolaterally between the first rib and clavicle. When inhalation occurs, the plexus bowstrings over the first rib cephalidly. So breathing dysfunctions can contribute to one’s symptoms. Excessive scapular depression can also contribute because the clavicle approximates the plexus from above. Clinically, TOS often presents as anteroinferior shoulder pain, with some cases passing distally along the course of the ulnar nerve. A resultant upper trapezius/levator scapula hyper or hypoactivity can occur that may affect the neural elements. Treating the Interface Level 1 – Static Opener with breathing Level 2 – Static opener with rib mob during exhalation; progressing with scapular depression. Level 3 – Rib depression with sliders and tensioners. Pronator Tunnel Syndrome This syndrome consists of pain in the anteromedial forearm region with or without pins and needles. Symptoms are usually provoked by repetitive activities such as squeezing, pulling through the elbow, and pronation movements. From an interface perspective, pronator syndrome deals with excessive closing. So we will use openers to treat. Level 1 – Static opener combining 60-90 degrees of elbow flexion with forearm pronation Level 2 – Dynamic opener Treating neural components depends on the present dysfunction. There are the following possible dysfunctions: Distal sliding dysfunction – symptoms decrease with contralateral cervical flexion. Proximal sliding dysfunction – Symptoms increase with contralateral cervical sidebend and finger flexion. Tension dysfunction – Symptoms increase with contralateral cervical sidebend and finger extension. We treat the distal sliding dysfunction by progression sliders from large to small distal movements, with the reverse occurring for proximal sliding dysfunctions: Tension dysfunctions are going from anti-tension to tension mechanisms You can also combine interfaces and neurodynamic treatment utilizing acupressure during a nerve mobilization: Supinator Tunnel Syndrome This syndrome involves anterolateral elbow and forearm pain with possibly pins and needles. There also can be isolated wrist dorsum pain. Symptoms are provoked by activities such as squeezing and pulling through elbow flexion and supination movements. Interface treatment is very similar to that of pronator tunnel syndrome. You can also have distal (improve with contralateral cervical sidebend) and proximal (worsen with contralateral cervical sidebend and wrist extension) sliding dysfunctions, which are treated in a similar fashion as the pronator tunnel syndrome. So too with tension dysfunction; the goal is to build up the test. You can also perform neurodynamic massage over the supinator. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) Treating CTS is an often underutilized area that can be of much benefit. We can mobilize the transverse ligament as an interface technique. You can also treat the neural structures with different methods depending on the dysfunction. Proximal sliding dysfunction – use a median nerve slider starting with distal components then adding proximal components Distal sliding dysfunction – Use Median nerve test 1 and slowly add distal components. The best slider for the median nerve is in fact the tensioner. This is because when you extend the wrist, the tendons and the nerve move in the same direction. Adding contralateral cervical sidebend slides the median nerve in the opposite direction of the tendons. Tensioning dysfunction is just utilizing your basic tensioner. You can tier your testing based on one’s dysfunctions, such as opening or closing, as well as using sensitizers for less severe problems. Reduced Closing Dysfunction Level 1a – Static opener to increase space and decrease pressure in the intervertebral foramen. In the picture below, we would open the right side by combining flexion, contralateral sidebend, and contralateral rotation. Level 1b to 2b Reduced Opening Dysfunctions For these impairments, they are treated just the same as closing dysfunctions. The major difference is rationale. In closing dysfunction, the goal is to reduce stress on the nervous system. With opening dysfunctions, however, we are trying to improve the opening pattern. Static openers will generally not be used because these treatments could potentially provoke symptoms. The gentlest technique is the two-ended slider, in which an ipsilateral lateral glide and elbow extension are performed. For tension dysfunctions, we go through the following progression: The two main ways to treat interfaces involve opening and closing techniques. These treatments involve either sustained or dynamic components. We will discuss which techniques work best in terms of dysfunction classification. – Reduced Closing Dysfunction – Given static openers early in this progression, continuing to increase frequency and duration. Eventually you move to more aggressive opening techniques, while finishing with closing maneuvers. – Reduced Opening Dysfunction – Start with gentle opening techniques working to further increasing the range. – Excessive Closing and Opening Dysfunctions – Work on improving motor control and stability. How About Neural Dysfunctions The main treatments are sliders and tensioners; each can be performed as one or two-ended. Sliders ought to be applied when pain is the key symptom. Sliding may milk the nerves of inflammation and increase blood flow. These techniques could also be used to treat a specific sliding dysfunction. Sliders can be performed for 5 to 30 reps with 10 seconds to several minute breaks between sets. Increased symptoms such as heaviness, stretching, and tightness is okay, but pain should not occur afterwards. Typically sliders are performed in early stages, and in acute situations should occur away from the offending site. Tensioners are reserved for higher level tension dysfunctions. The goal is to improve nerve viscoelasticity. Some symptoms are likely to be evoked, but this occurrence is okay as long as symptoms do not last. Tensioners are used in later-stage dysfunction. With this test, the upper cervical tissues slide caudad, and the lower cephalid. The thoracic spine moves in a cephalid direction as well. Normal responses ought to be upper thoracic pulling at end-range. Abnormal symptoms would include low back pain, headache, or lower limb symptoms. Median Neurodynamic Test 1 (MNT1) This test, also known as the base test, moves almost all nerves between the neck and hand. Normal responses include symptoms distributed along the median nerve; to include anterior elbow pulling that extends to the first three digits. These symptoms change with contralateral lateral flexion and less often ipsilateral lateral flexion. Anterior shoulder stretching can also occur. Ulnar Neurodynamic Test (UNT) This test biases the ulnar nerve, brachial plexus, and potentially the lower cervical nerve roots. Normal responses include stretching sensations along the entire limb, but most often in the ulnar nerve’s field. Median Neurodynamic Test 2 (MNT2) This version biases the lower cervical nerve roots, spinal nerves, brachial plexus, and median nerve. Normal responses would be similar to MNT1. Radial Neurodynamic Test (RNT) This test looks predominately at radial nerve, as well as the nerve roots. It is uncertain if this test biases any particular nerve root. Normal responses include lateral elbow/forearm pulling, stretch in the dorsal wrist. Axillary Neurodynamic Test (ANT) This test tenses the axillary nerve, though may not be specific. Normal responses include posterolateral shoulder pulling with about 45-90 degrees of abducton. Radial Sensory Neurodynamic Test (RSNT) This test is used to rule out de Quervain’s disease as a neurodynamic problem. Normal responses include intense pulling at the distal radial forearm. Straight Leg Raise (SLR) This test is performed with any posterior symptoms from the heel to the thoracic spine. Active cervical flexion should not be used in this test because false results can occur from abdominal muscle contraction. This error may lead to posterior pelvic tilt, which reduces the hip flexion angle. Normal response is pulling and stretching in the posterior thigh. Tibial Neurodynamic Test (TNT) This test is done for symptoms in the tibial nerve distribution. Normal responses include stretching in the calf region that can go all the way to the plantar aspect of the foot. Fibular Neurodynamic Test (FNT) This test biases both the common and superficial fibular nerves. Normal responses include stretching and pulling in the anterolateral leg and ankle and the foot dorsum. Sural Neurodynamic Test (SNT) This test biases the sural nerve, which can often be involved in a sprained ankle. Normal responses include pulling in the posterolateral ankle region. This test checks the peripheral and central nervous system, and can encompass symptoms from the head to the foot. Normal responses vary depending on the sequence. Usually the movement performed earliest is where symptoms will occur. Saphenous Neurodynamic Test (SAPHNT) This test looks at medial knee, shin, and ankle. Normal response is anterior thigh stretching. Femoral Slump Test (FST) with Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve and Obturator biases. These movements bias the anterior-based nerve of the leg. Shacklock normally performs the exam with the bottom leg in order to maximize gravity’s effects. The obturator can also be biased as such. Normal responses includes pulling in the adductor region, anterior thigh, or lateral thigh depending on the bias.

March 16, 1776. The Continental Army has Boston under siege, with British Soldiers trapped inside. British commander William Howe realized there was no way to attack the colonists from inside the city. Through a clever deception tactic, he made George Washington, commander of the Continental Army, believe he would attempt an escape to Halifax in Nova Scotia the next morning. In reality, Howe was planning to escape by boat to the city of Portsmouth, where he would gather and organize his troops to attack Boston and the Continental Army from the north. On the morning of March 17, William Howe successfully relocated his armies, leaving behind the colonists,who believed they had won control over Boston.  Just a few weeks later, Howe’s troops surrounded Boston, trapping large parts of the Continental Army, which had not moved out yet. The Royal Navy also blocked any naval entrance into Boston, preventing the colonists from escaping by water. Under the leadership of George Washington, the Continental Army started a sudden push south, breaking through the tired and unprepared British troops who assumed the colonists would just surrender. Washington quickly moved as much of his army as south as he could, eventually setting up camp in Abington, but then being chased down to Plymouth by the approaching British Armies. The Continental Army, still fearing the British, fled to Cape Cod, and set up a defensive line cutting off the Cape from the rest of Massachusetts. Washington had sent out a request for more soldiers, which was answered by troops from areas such as Pennsylvania and Virginia. These troops managed to arrive before the British by being transported by French navy ships. France and Spain also decided to send troops to the Cape, in hopes of weakening the British presence in North America. In total, about 45,000 pro-colonies troops were located on Cape Cod, all under the command of George Washington. By now the British armies had arrived, but did not attack the Continental Army, as they were severely outnumbered, with only about 8,000 soldiers.  While the British are waiting for reinforcements to arrive, the colonists make slight pushes to the north and south, and manage to control from Sagamore beach to Buzzards bay. In early November 1776, the British set in for winter and a siege on the cape. The siege continued with no combat until March of 1777, when the British tried to make an advance into Bourne. Harsh fighting ensues, with the British taking 758 casualties and the colonists taking 389, but the colonists manage to keep control of the area. The siege continued as a stalemate for almost another year. Meanwhile, the troops on the cape had been receiving supplies from the French, Spanish, and Dutch. They had built large bases of operation and started growing crops to keep themselves sustained. In early January, 1778, Washington and his troops realized that this stalemate would continue forever, as the British troops lacked large amounts of supplies, and were not powerful enough to launch an invasion of the cape, but the colonists were not powerful enough to break through the lines of troops surrounding the cape. On the morning of January 10th, Washington admitted that the colony’s revolution was over, at least for the northern states, as most of their troops were stuck and demoralized. The British had also relatively easily seized control of large cities in the north, meeting little resistance from the remaining militias. But, Washington and his commanders, realizing that they still held a decent sized area of land, refused to surrender to the British. On January 17th, 1778, the Republic of the Cape was declared an independent country, and was recognised by France, Spain, and the Dutch. In 1780, the British pulled away most of their armies, realizing that setting siege on Cape Cod was not worth their time or resources. George Washington would serve as president for one 6 year term, then be replaced with the popular Henry Knox in 1786. The Republic of the Cape became a sanctuary for revolutionary ideas, and was the starting point of the next great American revolution...

Arithmetic progression - problems - Simple sequence Continue with this series of numbers: 1792,448, 112, _, _ Determine the number of all positive integers less than 4183444 if each is divisible by 29, 7, 17. What is its sum? The tale of the Seven Ravens were seven brothers, each of whom was born exactly 2.5 years after the previous one. When the eldest of the brothers was 2-times older than the youngest, mother all curse. How old was seven ravens brothers when their mother cur - Octahedron - sum On each wall of a regular octahedron is written one of the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, wherein on different sides are different numbers. For each wall John make the sum of the numbers written of three adjacent walls. Thus got eight sums, which also. Gabo draw n-gon, which angles are consecutive members of an arithmetic sequence. The smallest angle is 70° biggest 170°. How many sides have Gabo's n-gon? In the arithmetic sequence is a1=-1, d=4. Which member is equal to the number 203? Mailbox is opening at regular intervals 3 times a day. The first time is opened at 8:00 and the last at 19:00. Calculate hours when mailbox is opened during day. - AVG of INT What is the average of the integers from 9 throuht 52 inclusive? Cinema auditorium is built for 3300 people. The first row is planned for 36 seats and each next gradually 4 more. How many rows of seats will have auditorium? In how many points will intersect 14 different lines, where no two are parallel? - Angles in a triangle The angles of the triangle ABC make an arithmetic sequence with the largest angle γ=60°. What sizes have other angles in a triangle? Andrew wrote this series of numbers: 1,3,7,15, .... n. Which number in the series does not belong? ? In the arithmetic sequence is given: Sn=2304, d=2, an=95 Calculate a1 and n. Help little C.F. Gauss sum all the integers from 1 to 420. - Workman - shift The worker produces 300 components per shift. How many components would be produced in 18 shift, if his performance gradually increased every shift by 3 components? Write the first 7 members of an arithmetic sequence: a1=-3, d=6. How many meters of rope 10 mm thick will fit on the bobbin diameter of 200 mm and length 350 mm (central mandrel have a diameter 50 mm)? - Sequence 2 Write the first 5 members of an arithmetic sequence a11=-14, d=-1 - Angle in RT Determine the size of the smallest internal angle of a right triangle whose sides constitutes sizes consecutive members of arithmetic progressions. - Sequence 3 Write the first 5 members of an arithmetic sequence: a4=-35, a11=-105.

Is your IT infrastructure built for the long-term? Construction companies know that the value they build for clients and stakeholders relies on a foundation of solid business decisions. Support project efficiency with a dedicated IT help desk. Enhance collaboration with scalable IT infrastructure. Reduce project risks with business continuity planning. Protect valuable data with managed cybersecurity services. Remove barriers to innovation with secure cloud solutions. Build with the best in IT. First Focus offers a wealth of IT experience in the construction industry. 24/7 IT help desk supports construction IT services. Build better workflows with proven support. Technology is great when it works. Whether you outsource IT or prefer a co-managed approach, a full range of IT assistance can give your construction projects the support they need to keep ahead of schedule. With month-to-month plans available, discover the difference that dedicated IT help desks, on-site visits, and remote support services can make to your ICT infrastructure. Streamline collaboration with managed EUC solutions. Simplify device management while controlling access and security. Construction projects have many moving parts and keeping project staff fully connected and able to collaborate – whether they’re on-site, in the office, or meeting with clients – makes a big difference. End-user computing (EUC) solutions support staff by providing the best equipment backed by reliable mobile data connections and comprehensive remote access solutions. Whether you choose to deploy a standard operating environment across all end-users, or an agile solution involving Microsoft Azure, it pays to make sure staff have the flexible access they need while controlling licencing, accessibility and remote security. Protect your projects with business continuity solutions. Cover your bases with professional disaster recovery and business continuity plans. IT now touches on almost every part of a construction project, from planning and design to invoicing and communications. These solutions make a big difference in project delivery, but even a minor failure can result in a considerable amount of lost productivity and revenue. Certain events are always beyond your control – from natural disasters and power outage to cyber-sabotage but can still have a devastating effect on your construction company. Disaster recovery and business continuity planning from a Virtual CIO (vCIO) can do more than keep the lights on, with business risk assessments and processes that help minimise potential impacts on high-priority systems. With proper training and support, your construction company will be able to recover and get back to business as usual in as little as 24 hours. Enforce cyber security in the construction industry. Secure your on-site and remote IT systems. Construction businesses often hold the keys to a range of sensitive client and industry details, including contact details and invoice information. This valuable data makes them an obvious target for cybercriminal activities. Ensure you have the right tools and processes in place with a managed cybersecurity plan that ensures your data is protected and accessible only by verified personnel. So you can work with the largest clients in the country. Enable innovation with digital transformation in the construction industry. Build flexible and scalable IT solutions into construction project delivery. Modern construction projects rely on fast, secure access to business apps, both on-site and in the office. Any delays can affect project delivery, increase project costs, and damage a business’s reputation. Secure cloud deployments can help simplify a vast range of processes by delivering task-centric apps to the people that need them – removing the need for repeated trips back to the office for clarifications. A managed cloud solution can also let construction firms build, test, and deploy innovative solutions without needing to purchase additional hardware. Building better construction IT services. Each construction project has unique requirements. And it’s the same for construction IT services, with technology and support stack requirements changing from project to project. This uniqueness makes a partnership approach to IT a valuable option. At First Focus, our professional IT support teams work with you to find the right mix of hardware, software, and expert support that matches your project needs. Contact us today to see how our leading IT support solutions can make a constructive difference to your projects.

What happens if we eat sprouts daily? Sprouts May Improve Heart Health Including sprouts in your daily diet may also have benefits for your heart. That’s mainly because sprouts may reduce risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood cholesterol levels. Why you shouldn’t eat sprouts? You should never eat sprouts raw because they may be harboring bacteria. … Sprouts are grown from “seeds and beans under warm and humid conditions,” which are also ideal breeding conditions for bacteria, including Salmonella, Listeria, and E. coli., according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Who should avoid eating sprouts? For people at “high risk” for food poisoning, severe and life-threatening illness may result from consuming raw or lightly cooked sprouts. People with weakened immune systems, including children, older adults and pregnant women, should not eat any variety of raw or lightly-cooked sprouts. Are sprouts healthy for you? Sprouts are rich in a number of important nutrients. While the specific ratio of nutrients varies depending on the type of sprout, they generally contain high levels of folate, magnesium, phosphorus, and vitamin K. In fact, they have higher amounts of these nutrients than fully-grown versions of the same plants. Are sprouts high risk? Sprouts and Foodborne Illness Due to the high number of outbreaks, sprouts have been labeled as a “high risk” food. This means that people with compromised immune systems, such as children, elderly, pregnant women and those who are sick or taking medications that impair the immune system, should avoid eating sprouts. Can I have sprouts as breakfast? Foods like oats and sprouts make for great breakfast foods because they can be prepared beforehand. Sprouts can make for an extremely nutritious breakfast, with less hassle. Sprouts are very low in calories but are full of proteins. This is why many people regard them as excellent breakfast food. Which sprouts are the healthiest? ‘Sprouting’ Is The Healthiest (And Least Expensive) Thing You Can Do For Your Brain Health - Broccoli Sprouts. This is one of my top food recommendations in general, as they are very neuroprotective. … - Mung Bean Sprouts. … - Chia Seed Sprouts. … - Red Clover Sprouts. … - Lentil Sprouts. … - Radish Sprouts. How do you know if sprouts are bad? Throw away any sprouts that are past their best-before date or that have lost their crispness, look wilted or smell musty. When should sprouts be eaten to get maximum benefit? 3. What Is the Ideal Time to Eat Sprouts to Get Best Results? The best time to eat sprouts is right before dinner or early in the morning. Do sprouts lose nutritional value when cooked? 03/5?The digestion issues As per experts, raw sprouts are even difficult to digest as compared to the cooked ones. Your body might not be able to absorb all the nutrients of the seeds and beans in the raw form. Cooking the sprouts slightly makes the nutrient more accessible to the body. Does sprouts cause gas? When you eat sprouts, bacteria in the stomach and intestine will attempt to break them down and will release a variety of gases in the process including nitrogen, methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen. … “Sprouts contain high amounts of cellulose which is difficult for the normal human digestive system to process. Which sprout is best for weight loss? Lists Of Sprouts For Weight Loss - Mung Bean Sprouts. Mung bean or green sprouts are very popular in Asia. … - Brussels Sprouts. Brussels sprouts are high in nutrients that are good for your health. … - Alfalfa Sprouts. … - Lentil Sprouts. Are sprouts a laxative? Sprouting appears to specifically increase the amount of insoluble fiber, a type of fiber that helps form stool and move it through the gut, reducing the likelihood of constipation ( 16 ). What sprouts should I eat? Vegetable sprouts: These include broccoli, alfalfa, mustard green and red clover sprouts. Nut and seed sprouts: These include pumpkin seed, sesame seed, sunflower seed sprouts. Sprouted grains: These include wheatgrass and quinoa sprouts. Can sprouts increase weight? Sprouts are one the best foods to help lose weight. They are high in nutrients but have negligible calories which means that you can consume sprouts without worrying about the weighing scale. Furthermore, sprouts contain a high amount of fiber that makes you feel full for a longer period of time. Can we boil sprouts and eat? Due to the increased risk of food poisoning from raw sprouts, many people choose to boil their sprouts before eating them or adding them to salads, wraps, and sandwiches. Sprouts, including other foods, need to be heated or cooked to 160 degrees Fahrenheit to kill most of the bacteria. Are home grown sprouts safe? Are homegrown sprouts safer than commercially grown ones? Probably not, since the seed appears to be the source of contamination. If pathogenic bacteria are present in or on seed, they can still grow to high levels during sprouting, even under sanitary conditions. Why do you have to rinse sprouts? Keeping the seeds/sprouts moist allows them to germinate, and rinsing them frequently helps keep bacteria from growing. Completely drain your seeds/sprouts after each rinse. Rinsing is key to safety. Standing water can lead to mold and bacteria so get rid of the excess. Can you survive on sprouts? Without protein and some of the nutrients that sprouts likely wouldn’t provide , certain body functions would begin to become erratic and might even cease after 15+ days. This in turn would likely cause significant health issues that would themselves create additional health issues. How long do sprouts last in the fridge? Properly stored, raw brussels sprouts will last for 3 to 5 days in the refrigerator. Can we eat sprouts daily for weight loss? The protein-rich, easy-to-make sprouts are highly recommended when trying to lose weight. Sprouts contain fewer amounts of calories and are a rich source of fiber. Having a bowl of sprouts between your meals can make you feel fuller and reduce appetite, which is quite beneficial when trying to shed kilos. How can I eat sprouts to lose weight? How to consume sprouts for weight loss? You can pick whichever sprouts you would like, as all of them are low-calorie, high-fibre foods. Mix a few chopped veggies like onions, tomatoes, green chillies, capsicum, or any other that you would like. Add salt and black pepper, and lemon juice. Why are sprouted pulses more nutritious? Sprouted grains have many health benefits. It’s the result of catching the sprouts during the germinating process. “This germinating process breaks down some of the starch, which makes the percentage of nutrients higher. Is sprouts cheaper than Whole Foods? Sprouts vs. Whole Foods Price Comparison: Which Grocery Store is Better? Which sprouts are rich in protein? Alfalfa sprouts, quinoa sprouts, soybean sprouts and wheat sprouts are all excellent sources of protein. Here are a few examples: Raw pea sprouts — 149 calories, 10.6 grams of protein, 0.8 grams of fat and 32.5 grams of carbs per serving (1 cup) Frequent Searches Leading to This Page Sprouts advantages and disadvantages, Bean sprouts food poisoning symptoms, Alfalfa sprouts danger, Bean sprouts food poisoning, Bean sprouts benefits and side effects, How to eat sprouts safely, Raw sprouts vs boiled sprouts, Best sprouts to eat.

MADISON, Wis. (AP) — A judge is set to decide whether to bind Wisconsin receiver Quintez Cephus over for trial in a sexual assault case. Prosecutors charged Cephus in August with second- and third-degree sexual assault. According to a criminal complaint, Cephus sexually assaulted two drunken women in his Madison apartment in April. Cephus' attorneys are seeking to dismiss the case, alleging the women weren't drunk. Cephus is scheduled to appear in court Tuesday for a preliminary hearing, during which a judge is expected to decide whether the case is strong enough to proceed to trial. Court records show Dane County Circuit Judge Jill Karofsky will preside. She has been a fierce advocate for crime victims, serving as the state Department of Justice's crime victim services office director before she got on the bench.

LONDON (AP) -- Key supporting roles in the royal wedding of the year -- if not the decade -- were handed out Monday, with Prince Harry named as his brother's best man and Kate Middleton's sister Pippa chosen as her maid of honor. In the past, royal grooms have usually chosen more than one best man, or supporter as they are sometimes called. But the 28-year-old Prince William has made clear that Prince Harry, 26, offers all the support he needs -- so both children of the late Princess Diana will have integral roles in the ceremony. "It's unusual to have only just one man," said Joe Little, managing editor of Majesty magazine. "All of the queen's sons -- Charles, Andrew, Edward -- had two supporters at their wedding. But obviously William doesn't feel the need to have more than one supporter and it's by no means a hard-and-fast rule." Harry's on-again, off-again relationship with Chelsy Davy has also sparked speculation about a possible second royal British wedding in the not-too-distant future. The official wedding guest list -- still a secret -- will be closely scrutinized to see if Davy is invited, which would be widely taken as an indication that the relationship is flourishing once again. When it came to naming youthful bridesmaids and page boys -- expected to provide unbelievably cute photogenic fodder -- Prince William seems to have exercised his royal prerogatives, Vickers said.

IN A day of drama at media house Avusa yesterday, the chairman resigned and the CEO was left in no doubt that his resignation is required, as shareholders flexed their muscle in response to what is seen as the company's deteriorating financial position. Chairman Dumisa Ntsebeza and two nonexecutive directors, Tom Wixley and Babalwa Ngonyama, resigned at the annual general meeting at Avusa's Rosebank headquarters yesterday. Shareholders, Coronation and Mvelaphanda, which each own a 21,2% stake in Avusa, and the UHC group with 16,5%, made no secret of their dissatisfaction with the direction the company was taking when they gave an irrevocable undertaking to support an unsolicited buyout bid by Capitau. It is believed that they were concerned that printing group UHC, bought last year by Avusa for more than R900m, provided most of Avusa's recently announced 2010-11 profits. Avusa said last month that the joint MDs and founders of UHC, now known as Retail Solutions, Colin Cary and Harish Mehta, were to be replaced by Avusa CEO Prakash Desai as acting MD. The move took UHC by surprise. Mr Desai had already drawn the ire of Mvelaphanda last year when he clashed openly with the shareholder over the UHC deal. Mvela later relented, but the CEO's relations with Avusa's shareholders had become increasingly strained in recent months. Mr Cary is now the frontunner to replace Mr Desai at Avusa, at least in an acting capacity. It is understood Mr Desai is to meet today with Avusa's new acting chairman, Mikki Xayiya, who is also chairman of Mvelaphanda Group, and another nonexecutive director, Jacques Schindehutte, to discuss his future. Details of the meeting could not be confirmed last night. With UHC's results included, it is difficult to estimate the state of Avusa's finances, but some analysts say the group, apart from Retail Solutions, has made a loss in the past four months. Staff at Avusa's flagship title, the Sunday Times, as well as The Times, the Daily Dispatch, The Sowetan, Sunday World and The Herald have been asked to look at cutting costs by about 20% . BDFM, Business Day's publisher, has not been affected yet by Avusa's search for savings. A shareholder said that, depending on how talks went today, an appointment to replace Mr Desai was needed quickly "in order to stabilise the business". Last night, Mr Desai was insisting that he remained Avusa's CEO. There was speculation that this was largely to protect his legal position ahead of negotiations with the acting chairman today.

The aim of the programme is for the children to get to know the most important holidays of the Jewish calendar and to appreciate the wide appeal of holidays in all peoples and ages. Furthermore, to discover elements common in both the Jewish and Christian religion, in the calendar, customs and traditions of the two. Means - Stages Welcome to the Museum. Stickers with the children’s names. Introductory games where children say something about themselves. Can and can’t do What do you think we can do here today? What do you think we can’t do? Introduction to the premises Have you been to the Jewish Museum before? What did you see? What did you like? What do you think we are going to see today? Have you been to other museums? Which ones? What did you like? What didn’t you? Introduction to the concept “collection” What is a collection? Have you got any? What kind? Where else have you seen collections? Introduction to the subject Brainstorming of ideas about what the children know about holidays. Exploring the museum displays for items that are used in holidays. Presentation of findings. Discussion about whether they have seen them used in holidays they are familiar with, or whether some look like items they know. Brainstorming about Pesach and Easter. The Jewish Calendar (brief mention). Game with customs of various holidays. Play acting (re-creation of the Sabbath table). What new thing did you learn at the Jewish Museum today? What would you like to see or do next time you’re here? If you lived with a religious Jewish family, what would you be able to do and what not during the Sabbath?

BOTTOM LINE UP FRONT: Japan’s new safety technique is bringing unprecedented change to its army coverage and is introducing a brand new dynamic for world collective protection. THE BIG QUESTIONS: What are the implementation issues and the way might this funding in protection affect escalating tensions over Taiwan, notably within the Okinawa Islands? Entry all of The Cipher Temporary‘s nationwide security-focused professional perception by changing into a Cipher Temporary Subscriber+Member.

Even though the fox doesn’t live in a pack, they will find each other when it is time for mating. What is very interesting is that once a pair have mated they will continue to do so every year afterwards until one of them die. They will only mate with each other and not with other fox out there. They may often meet up during the course of the year to share food, for grooming, or for small periods of social interaction. This behavior is different from other types of animals that only find each other when it is time for the mating to take place. They give off powerful scents that help them to find each other. During the mating season the male fox will do all he can to defend his partner. Should other males try to come into contact with her they will battle. This can result in one of the males dying in the process. It is hard for the younger males to find a partner out there due to the power and protection of the older males. They must find young females that don’t already have a mating partner. In many areas the fox is able to mate all year long. However, due to the vegetation and the temperatures they mainly do so in the early winter months. The males stick around to help the female out with the young. The gestation period is about 53 days. There are usually 4 or 5 young born at a time with each litter. They are born in the spring time. These young are called kites. They are born in a den where they can be protected from predators out there. Just about anything that the female can find will be used for her den. Sometimes it is one that another fox used the year before. Most of the time they are underground, but some fox make dens in trees. They are very vulnerable during the first few weeks of life. They are both deaf and blind when they are born. They also have very little hair so they need her body to keep them warm. If she has to leave then there is a good chance they won’t be able to survive. The mother will stay with them to protect them. She also offers them milk from her body. The male has to go get food for her so she can stay there. He also does what he can to protect the young from predators. When they are about a month old they will come out of the den. They will start to eat meat and continue to drink milk. Over the course of time they will drink less and less from their mother. By the summer time they are able to hunt on their own. They will spend plenty of time playing with each other but that also helps them to develop strength and skill. They will play tug of war with food and spend time chasing each other around. They will be full grown by Autumn and the young kites will start fighting among themselves. The playful activities of their youth has given way to aggressiveness and the quest for survival. That is when they will go their separate ways and find their own place in the world. The mortality rate for the fox is very high. More than half will die before they are 10 months old. Many fox don’t live more than a few years in the wild due to the conditions. However, they can survive up to 14 years in the wild with the right conditions. They have been known to live up to 20 years in captivity.

The Down Street Underground Station was practically doomed from the start to a short operational life. The residents of the wealthy Mayfair area where it was to be built were not keen on having a Tube station on their doorsteps, believing it would entice “undesirables” into visiting the posher parts of the city. The Great Northern, Piccadilly, and Brompton Railway had tried to purchase land so that all their stations along the Piccadilly route had entrances on the main road, but no one was willing to let them buy such a prime site around Down Street. Instead, they had to make do with building on a side street, necessitating construction of longer subterranean passageways to bring passengers from the lifts to the Underground platforms. When the station opened on March 15, 1907, it immediately suffered from low passenger numbers. The residents of Mayfair could afford other methods of transport, the location made the station harder to spot, and it was close to other, more convenient stations on the same line. By 1932, Down Street was closed for service. This was not the end of the station’s use though. In 1939 it was repurposed as an underground bunker to be used by the Railway Executive Committee, the organization in charge of keeping Britain’s railways running during the Second World War. The long tunnels and platforms were converted into offices, dining rooms, bathrooms, and dormitories. A popular story has it that the dimensions of the corridors running along the outside of the offices were planned to be just wide enough for a tea trolley to roll along. The executives could arrive at the bunker at street level, entering through the old building. But when it came to leave, they could choose a different route. There was still a short section of accessible platform, and if an executive left a red lamp there, the next train would stop so they could board the driver’s cab—the drivers were instructed to ask no questions. The other passengers of the train would be unaware of the cause of the stop, as the platform was only long enough for the front of the locomotive. The Down Street bunker was secure and “comfortable” enough that it was also used by Winston Churchill and other members of the government before the completion of the Cabinet War Rooms. Churchill affectionately called the bunker “The Barn.” After the war, the station was given back to London Transport for engineering access and to use as an emergency exit point. Many of the offices in the tunnels were removed, though those on the platforms remain. London Transport Museum now operates tours of Down Street, showing visitors down the dusty spiral stairs to the darkened and dilapidated corridors, where Piccadilly Line trains rush past just behind metal gates. Know Before You Go Down Street Station can only be visited on tours operated by London Transport Museum; tickets can be purchased (subject to availability) from LTM's website.

Once again, a new year is upon us. What are we actually celebrating? When December 31, 2020, becomes January 1, 2021 overnight, nothing changes except the date. Some may wish that everything will stay the way it is. Others eagerly hope for a change. How do you feel when you think about next year? I could imagine that, for the first time in a long time, the desire for change is greater than the desire for everything to remain the way it is. This could be an opportunity. Since humans began their existence on this planet, about 300,000 years ago, they began to take their development into their own hands. They found out how to make fire. They invented language and writing, the wheel – probably one of the inventions that has changed life on earth more significantly than hardly anything else – and at some point, they also invented the computer. Humans are curious creatures who love their habits, but they also love improving their living conditions. For about 200 years, man’s influence in this world has been growing rapidly. This has by no means only had negative consequences, as it may seem to some people today. On the contrary. Thanks to medical developments, for example, many diseases have become curable and others have been eradicated. Light and heat are no longer dependent on the time of day or year – they are available at all times. At least in Western industrial societies, we have created a life of unprecedented prosperity. Many take it for granted, and therefore, they no longer appreciate it – this prosperity that our ancestors would probably have dreamed of, if they could ever have imagined it, and that even today, people in other parts of the world can only dream of. The restrictions on public life this year, in an attempt to protect us against a virus, have exposed many breaking points in our society that have been ignored for years and that demand change. And they have also shown that none of the things we have become accustomed to can be taken for granted. This situation has shown us that everything can change completely from one day to the next. Nowhere is it written that we are entitled to the prosperity we live in, or even that it is guaranteed that we will have it forever. It could even be that this kind of prosperity – which, by the way, excludes a large part of the earth’s population – contains an element of self-destruction within it, if it continues the way we are accustomed to. Perhaps the meaning of some of the experiences we have lived through this year involve questioning and changing our previous understanding of what we refer to as prosperity? For me, the opportunity of the new year lies in the fact that, for 2021, we should not wish for the quickest possible return to the old normality, but rather for a new, sustainable version of normality. Looking back at the start of last year, the mere willingness to even admit such a wish would have been progress. Moving from wishing and wanting, to doing, to being able to do, is the challenge of any change, no matter how large or small it may be. It doesn’t matter whether it’s a personal resolution, such as doing more for the good of one’s own body, getting more exercise, going out for a run in the woods or somewhere else to strengthen the muscles, organs and immune system. Or standing up for fellow human beings who don’t have it as easy as we do. Or even showing civil courage, raising one’s voice when one hears somebody saying something, or intervening when one sees someone doing something that violates another person’s dignity. Who or what is stopping me from doing something when I really and sincerely want to do it? “There is only one confirmation of wanting to do something, and that is doing it,” a wise person once said. And that’s how it is. Every now and then, my father used tell me the fairy tale of the Musicians of Bremen to get me to sleep. It’s the story of the four old animals from a farm that have become unprofitable for their owners: the donkey, the dog, the cat and the rooster. When they hear that the donkey is to be sold to the butcher, they get together and say to themselves: “We can find something better than death anywhere.” “No sooner said than done” is the magic formula of the story at this point, because stout-hearted as they are, they flee together, and after some adventures along the way, they finally arrive in the town that will go on to erect a monument to them. Well, that is only a fairy tale, you may say, and furthermore you may object that it is not always wise to put an idea or a revelation into action immediately and spontaneously. That’s true. Decisions of great consequence need to be considered and thought about before they are put into action. Collectively, we experienced enough of how difficult this can be in 2020. In the end, however, what matters is what you do, and often whether you do it in time. Some revelations and good intentions that we have been carrying around with us for years are just waiting to be put into practice. That would be a good resolution at the end of this year: to follow up our thoughts in the new year not only with “said”, but also with “done”, as often as possible. I know from my own experience that it is possible. And it does us good. Because some of the things you didn’t do today, you won’t get the opportunity to do tomorrow.

Sometimes a handheld 2-way radio isn't the right solution. The portability of handhelds are great, but that also means they can walk off with the people using them. A base station intercom mounts on a wall or sits on a desk and is plugged into an AC outlet so it doesn't go anywhere. It still communicates with handheld two-way radios. Another advantage is that you can use external mast antennas on a base station so you can get better coverage to reach longer distances. Click the Play button below to video about desktop to handheld communication.

Is USPS having issues in Fort Mitchell, Kenton County, Kentucky? The most recent outage reports and issues originated from Florence, Cincinnati, Union, Fort Mitchell, Erlanger, Salem Heights and Oakbrook. @fresh420now @Ratman_Roden Those Sunday trucks are "Final Mile" service, delivering packages. It used to be Amazon stuff, but not so much any more. I know mail order pharmacies still utilize USPS for some of their shipments. Reminder: @amazon uses the @USPS for as much as half of U.S. deliveries. So yeah... maybe they could take some of that record profit they just made from the pandemic and save the USPS and our democracy. lol I love that my USPS Informed Delivery can’t verify my identity bc my phone number isn’t valid...... Um tf it is.

Well, it doesn't look as though any of this is going to happen with PSBs under Indradhanush. The centre-piece is the infusion of Rs 70,000 crore over four years, with Rs 25,000 crore being infused this year itself. This marks a turnabout in the government's position on recapitalisation. In its first budget, the government took the view that capital infusion would be a reward for performance. The departures from the Nayak committee report are striking: - There will be a Bank Board Bureau that will make top appointments in PSBs, including appointments of independent directors. But this is not going to be manned entirely by professionals as the Nayak committee wanted. Some reports say half of the six members will be government appointees. One report quoted the banking secretary as saying he will be the sole representative. Either way, the government will make the final call on appointments. It cannot be otherwise as long as the public sector character of the banks continues. I have always thought that the idea of government distancing itself from control of PSUs and PSBs was hogwash- it just can't happen. - Two of the five appointments have been from the private sector. But the finance secretary has assured PSBs that hereafter there will be no more appointments from the private sector- EDs at PSBs will be given a chance. - Performance-linked pay and private sector pay scales: If this happens, it will be in a restricted way. The basic framework of government, defined by the Pay Commission, won't go away. - Bank Investment company: The Nayak committee wanted government equity to be transferred to a BIC with the BIC dropping its ownership in individual banks below 51%. The BIC won't happen in a hurry. And when it does happen, government will not drop its ownership below 52%. That means, CVC and CAG will stay. appointments process has been more rigorous than what we say in UPA-II. More in article in Quartz, Slow, steady and sensible: Modi's new approach to reviving banks 1 comment: "But the finance secretary has assured PSBs that hereafter there will be no more appointments from the private sector- EDs at PSBs will be given a chance." It would appear that the policy of utilising talents from private sector is restricted to the top five PSBs. Experiments are normally carried out in smaller organisations and if successful, they are repeated in larger organisations. Finance Ministry is following a counter-intuitive policy.

Consistency is the cornerstone to improvement. Unfortunately running a couple of times a week is not really going to get you there. Many of us are busy and it can be difficult to squeeze it in but if you want to get better you have to find a way to make it happen. Consistent and short is better than inconsistent and epic. Even if you can only get out for a mile of your six-mile run it will serve you better than not running at all. Make it part of your non negotiable routine and you will improve. You are not going to get faster unless you actually run faster. You don’t need to run fast all the time. Short, fast bursts of speed in prescribed workouts will do the trick. As you adapt to the stimulus, your ‘normal’ running pace will improve too! No one said it was easy to get faster. You have to be ready to work hard when it is time to work hard and take it easy when it is time to take it easy. A good rule of thumb is to commit 80% of your mileage to easy running and the other 20% to harder efforts (intervals). Running technique can help you maximize your efficiency and can help you move faster. Here are four simple things you can do to improve. Quick foot contact (power off those toes). Your coach needs to know how your training is going. Regular communication beyond just downloading the data from your GPS watch will ensure that your training program is pushing you in all the right ways. This months running tips were written by B78 coach Kristina Rody. Kristina hails from the much celebrated University of Guelph Cross Country and Track and Field programs where she earned a Masters Degree in Rural Planning and Development. Kristina was a star athlete winning both the OUA and CIS national titles in cross country. She was awarded the 2004/2005 Athlete of the Year and the 2001 Sportswoman of the Year at the University of Guelph. In 2010 Kristina was the BC Senior Road Runner of the Year. Kristina raced for Saucony Canada for over a decade. Kristina trained under three of Canada’s best endurance coaches in Dave Scott-Thomas, Peter Grinsberg and Richard Lee. She has her Level 1 NCCP certification and is a trained Club Coach. She has coached many groups over the years including her roll as an assistant coach at the University of Guelph.

- Joe Detelj Born Free In an old flick, Born Free, a European family living in Africa finds an orphaned lion cub, raises her, and eventually returns her to the wild. It is a wonderful story illustrating the communion we share with the creatures cohabitation this earthly home with us. The lioness name was Elsa, and that is how our orange tabby, Elsa, came to be named. Elsa came into our lives the very first year we moved to Pennsylvania. Apparently someone had dropped her off in our field . She had been farmed out, we assumed whoever it was thought she would fend for herself, or be adopted by us, or simply just go away for them. Attracted to her feeble cries, I found this little bundle of fluff in the high weeds. Dreamcatcher Farm was at that time, just that, a dream. We had ,of course, a notion that we wanted a farm, that we would like to grow our own vegetables, and that some chickens roaming around the place would be nice, but many, if not most, of the specific details had not quite been worked out yet. Never having owned a cat, if I can abuse that word, this was as much an adventure for us as it was for Elsa. Her first introduction to home was when cupped in my hands I approached our back door and rang the bell for fear of dropping her. Puzzled, Jackie answered the call and upon opening my hands shared with her my find. I believe it was love at first sight, though not really understood by us as yet. Elsa’s journey started in the garage where we put her until we sorted out what we were going to do: keep her, take her to a shelter, or find her a home. Elsa had already figured this out far in advance of us. One inadvertent lapse in leaving the interior door to the garage open and in a flash, and I mean a mili-second Elsa bounded into the house and ran like a demon from room to room. She was possessed. Up the couch, down the couch, up the drapes, down the drapes, jumping in the air, doing loop de loops, around the coffee table, finally, coming to rest in Jackie’s lap. We were so struck by this show that we knew the next stop was the vet. Dewormed, vaccinated, checked out and “fixed”, our first native rescue came home. We discovered at this time that female orange tigers are extremely rare cats. We were informed that 99% of them were male and that the females were almost always sterile. Unfortunately this tid-bit was gathered after the operation. I am assuming that the vet did not want to take any chances on almost. Our time with her from day one has been a pleasurable delight. She is the queen of the critters. All her fellow orphans who have come and passed through Dreamcatcher Farm have deferred to her reign. We have learned much from her. She inspires me with the affection she returns in appreciation for the care and nurture we give to her. Were it so that all the world’s orphaned creatures were so fortunate to have found such circumstances. But, that is not the case Too many cats ans dogs are left to reproduce unchecked and then left to fend for themselves in an environment that can not possibly support them. A cruel fate awaits most. For our kind we find ourselves in a situation where the uncaring ones outnumber the caring, the impoverished outnumber the more able, and a mutually rewarding communion goes unheeded and diminished. We have a responsibility, it seems to me, to limit the unfettered increase in the numbers of these animals so that an equilibrium of possibility and potential is created. Elsa inspires these thoughts, and heaven knows what an extension of that thinking would produce if it were expanded to humankind. Imagine, functionally planning and organizing our lives with the express purpose of maximizing the potential of all within the bounds of necessity. That is a dream.

1) In a CBA, if the benefits of a control outweigh the costs of implementing that control, then the control can be implemented to reduce risk. However, if the cost outweighs the benefit, then ______________. 3) What information should you include in your report for management when you present your recommendations? 4) You use ________________ to communicate a risk and the resulting impact. 5) In the findings section of your report to management where you present your recommendations, the “cause” is often an outage of some type. Is it True or False? 6) You are creating objectives for your risk management plan. What do you NOT include at this stage? 7) All stakeholders have vested interests in their projects and want to see those projects succeed. Is it True or False? 8) Cause and effect diagrams are used to link problems with causes.

<filename>Firmware/R1/Inc/circbuffer.h // Header: // File Name: circbuffer.h // File Description: // Author: <NAME> // Date: 2013 // Todo: // Notes: #ifndef circbuffer_h #define circbuffer_h #define CB_OK -1 #define CB_BUFFER_EMPTY -2 #define CB_BUFFER_FULL -3 #define CB_UNDEF_DEST -4 #define CB_SPECCHAR_NOT_FOUND -5 typedef struct { char *Buffer; //pointer to buffer array unsigned BufferSize; //size of buffer array unsigned HeadIndex; //points to latest added data unsigned TailIndex; //points to oldest data in buffer char SpecialChar; unsigned NewSpecialCharReceived; } CircBufferStructTypedef; extern void CB_Init(CircBufferStructTypedef *bufStruct, char* bufArray, unsigned bufSize, char specChar); extern int CB_Add(CircBufferStructTypedef *bufStruct, char ch); extern int CB_RemoveTail(CircBufferStructTypedef *bufStruct); extern int CB_AddMultiple(CircBufferStructTypedef *bufStruct, char* s, int cnt); extern int CB_RemoveExisting(CircBufferStructTypedef *bufStruct, char* destString); extern int CB_RemoveExistingUpToSpecChar(CircBufferStructTypedef *bufStruct, char* destString); extern int CB_ReadExisting(CircBufferStructTypedef *bufStruct, char* destString); extern int CB_GetNumberOfElementsInside(CircBufferStructTypedef *bufStruct); extern int CB_IsSpecialCharReceived(CircBufferStructTypedef *bufStruct); #endif //circbuffer_h

But the desert is more than merely a space from which all substance has been removed. Just as silence is not what remains when all noise has been suppressed. There is no need to close your eyes to hear it. For it is also the silence of time. This portable nation is put to the test once again when the internees were relocated to the permanent camps of the interior. An excruciating journey that subverted the traditionally liberating implications of mobility in American culture took the contingent from Tanforan to Topaz, a permanent camp. As if to remind the travelers that this was no pleasure trip, train stops were securely guarded. Okubo recounts how the train made a stop in the desert somewhere in northern Nevada for half an hour and the passengers were permitted to get off and walk around. “Barbed wire fences bounded the stretch on either side of the track and military police stood on guard every fifteen feet” (119), Okubo writes. As a capsule in motion, the train and the stops become an integral part of a mobile geography of exception. Instead of the optimistic imperative to go west, Japanese Americans were forcefully sent east so that they could undergo a process of Americanization. It is the West in reverse. History undoes its routes to revisit the blind spots of American colonialism. Contingents of Japanese Americans were relocated to camps built on Native American reservations. Poston was located on the Colorado River Indian Reservation, and Gila was constructed on the South Central Arizona home of the Pima and Maricopa tribes. The fact that Native American tribes harbored the unwanted guests creates, once again, a powerful simultaneity. As Sebald does in Austerlitz, Okubo traces “the marks of pain” that striate the smooth space of the American West. The sites where Native Americans were cordoned off during colonization hosted in heterotopic juxtaposition the most recent contingent considered dangerous to the national body. The unwanted hosts harbor the equally unwanted guests in remote parts of the country. In the rhetoric of the frontier myth, however, the internment camps were supposed to be “self-governing communities” or “colonies,” inhabited by colonists or pioneers in the middle of the desert; in the process, Japanese Americans would undergo a process of Americanization. It is the frontier thesis—double take. Japanese Americans unwillingly carry their particular errand into the wilderness, transformed into the traditional nomadic heroes of American literature and culture. The removal created the fantasy that the internees abandoned what Deleuze (1998) would call optic space, the space as regularized or governmentalized terrain, to inhabit forms of haptic or nomadic space, indeterminate spaces that were deemed productive of new becomings. The process rings fully familiar in the history of the U.S. and takes us back to the taming of the wild and the relocation of the alien. Domesticating, Americanizing, and removing thus appear as intimately connected to the imperial process of civilizing. Through the process of removal and allocation, the country contained and civilized those foreign elements that had to be tamed and Americanized (cf. Kaplan 1998, 583). The stages of the process had been fully tested before. As sketched and described by the artist, the first look at Topaz City, the Central Utah Relocation Project, shows a desolate scene: the camp was made up of hundreds of low barracks covered with tar paper that stretched out in a cloud of dust, with soldiers patrolling the grounds. After the customary medical exam, Okubo and her brother were “free to go” in search of their rooms, 7-11-F, another formula they would have to call home. The room was unfinished, and the bare wall beams and rafters gave it “a skeletonlike appearance” (128). The camp itself had not been completed, she writes, and “fence posts and watch towers were now constructed around the camp by the evacuees to fence themselves in” (155), as if the internees were part of a gated community willing to sequester themselves. The comment and the sketch create a powerful juxtaposition, for the occupiers of an abstract space, the space of exception, can be mistaken for a contingent willing to exercise self-exemption. It is Okubo’s way of overlapping and expressing the interdependence between exception and self-exemption, the places of eviction and the places of self-sequestration, as Obata reminded his students. The fence posts, however, were hardly necessary, for the camps were located in the desert. This location in an empty space or void in the American imaginary offers further vistas into this temporal and spatial dislocation. In the desert, according to Baudrillard, time attains “a sort of horizontal- ity; there has to be no echo of time in the future, but simply a sliding of geological strata one upon the other giving out nothing more than a fossil murmur” ([1986] 1988, 6). Japanese Americans become another geological layer that makes up the palimpsest-like presences in the West: the erosion and extermination of Native Americans, the arrival of pioneer civilization, the return of the Indian as an extra, and the oxymoronic condition of the Japanese Americans, forcefully relocated in a travesty of pioneer life right at the threshold where the projects of civilization run aground (cf. ibid., 70, 63). Furthermore, the desert offers an inverted image of customary or “civilized” life, for, to return to Baudrillard’s words, “the grandeur of deserts derives from their being, in their aridity, the negative of the earth’s surface and of our civilized humours” (ibid., 6). The internees’ condition as shaded or tainted figures becomes symbolically clear in some of the photographs taken by Dorothea Lange, one of the photographers commissioned by the WRA. Lange photographed internees at Manzanar as they made camouflage nets for the War Department. In one of the photographs, the workers are situated behind the net. With their silhouettes only outlined on the canvas, they seem to be part of the Cartesian plane. The photograph illustrates more than the industriousness of the workers. In its play of shadows and horizontal and vertical coordinates, it shows the Japanese American camouflaged and contained at home. It also illustrates their in-between status, inside and outside American society, caught in the tricky coordinates of the state of exception. As the horizontal and vertical lines intersect perpendicularly, the net recalls Deleuze and Guattari’s concept of the fabric, the texture that “integrates the body and the outside into a closed space” (1988, 476). To return to Obata’s paradigmatic anecdote, the net is reversible, since it works as camouflage that facilitates escape as well as the grid that impedes escape.

Current and Past Research Lab Questions: What are the roots of musicality? How does early music appreciation (like engagement and love of music) influence musical and non-musical perceptual abilities during childhood, even without any music lessons? Does musicality influence emotional responses to music, both positive and negative? Are more musical people also more likely to experience Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) and misophonia (anger or disgust in reaction to certain sounds)? How does perception and musical beat and meter develop during childhood? Can infants and children tell when a drum pattern or metronome matches or mismatches music? Current and Past Research Questions How does experience listening to culturally familiar music influence the way we perceive rhythm? How accurately can children and adults reproduce rhythmic patterns and can their mistakes or distortions tell us something about the way their culture-specific listening experiences shape their perception? Can speech sometimes be perceived as music? The speech-to-song illusion happens when a clip of speech begins to sound like song after being repeated several times. Once the clip sounds like song, will it still sound like song days, weeks, or months later? Does our musicality, music training, and language ability predict how strongly we experience this illusion and how long it persists over time? Some evidence suggests that listeners tend to perceive foreign speech as faster than native speech, and we want to know if this also happens with music. Does “foreign” music sound faster than familiar music? Do children perceive the speech-to-song illusion? Do their developing musical skills correlate with their perception of the illusion? Can infants perceive simple rule-like patterns in sequences of syllables and musical notes? When do infants and children begin showing better perception of familiar than unfamiliar speech, music, and faces, and are these developmental changes correlated across domains? For adults and some children, we ask participants to answer some questions on-line or in the lab about their music and language experiences, their likes and dislikes, their music and educational background, their personality, and other life history or demographics questions. Adults and children are presented with sounds or videos and make judgements about which one was better, whether one was different from another, provide a label or description, and sometimes we will ask participants to repeat something they heard either by playing a drum or instrument or vocalizing. For infants, we play videos on a big screen accompanied by music, speech, or other sounds and we measure how long they gaze at the screen or where they look. This is a very simple way of measuring how much babies like sounds, or whether they can discriminate sounds. For some studies we ask adults or children to wear an electrode cap that allows us to measure electrical activity on the scalp while we play videos or sounds. This allows us to better understand how the developing brain responds to different sounds.

Internal Worms - live off the dogs Worms, including the Whipworm are the common name for Canine parasites which exist internally and externally. As internal parasites they live off the puppy or dog robbing them of vital nutrients needed to stay healthy. Left untreated, intestinal parasites will stunt the growth and weaken young puppies. External parasites eggs or larvae are shed into the environment via feces and infect other dogs. Dog Health Problems - Transmission of Worms including Whipworms There are several species of whipworms and they are transmitted eating infective eggs or larvae which live in the soil or in small rodents. They can only be detected by investigating a stool sample. Dog Health Problems - Symptoms of Whipworms The symptoms of Whipworms are not always apparent but can include the following: - Weight loss

This storyboard does not have a description. Odysseus tells his men not to touch the cows or they will be punished. Odysseus's men started to get very hungry and angry .In the book it says "when all the barley was gone, hunger drove them to the wild shore." When Odysseus fell asleep his men killed the cows and as a punishment they all drown except for Odysseus . Odysseus 's men are loyal because they agree to travel with him for 20 years and they follow his orders ,most of the time. When Poseidon sends a storm that destroys the boat Odysseus's men still stay with him. Odysseus 's men help him fight the cyclops. In the book Odysseus says "As luck would have it, the men i would have chosen won the toss-four strong men,and i made five as captain. Explore Our Articles and Examples Try Our Other Websites! Photos for Class – Search for School-Safe, Creative Commons Photos (It Even Cites for You! – Easily Make and Share Great-Looking Rubrics – Create Custom Nursery Art

“I find it shocking that we are better at keeping our young people locked up in detention than in school.” Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner Mick Gooda in a recent Amnesty International report on Australia In many countries around the world, Indigenous women, men and youth are much more likely than other members of society to spend a significant part of their lives behind bars. The disproportionate rates of incarceration are usually a result both of the ongoing, largely unaddressed impact of colonial policies and practices that have marginalized and impoverished Indigenous peoples and of the systemic discrimination and bias that continue to face Indigenous peoples in justice systems that remain foreign to their cultures and values. These factors play out at every point of contact between Indigenous people and the justice system. And the problem is especially acute for Indigenous youth. The experience in Canada Numerous studies in Canada demonstrate that Indigenous women and men are more likely to come into negative contact with the law whether by committing a crime or being suspected of a crime, are more likely to face charges when there is discretion about whether or not a charge should be laid, are likely to face more serious charges than other people accused of the same crime, if convicted are likely to be given a longer sentence, and once imprisoned are likely to face stricter security conditions and have less access to rehabilitative programs and to parole. These factors also mean that Indigenous offenders are also more likely to be affected by laws that, based on a history of prior convictions, require either mandatory minimum sentences or which allow for indeterminate, potentially lifelong sentences such as the dangerous offender designation. As a consequence, almost a third of all people being placed in some form of custody in Canada are Indigenous, even though Indigenous people make up only 4 percent of the population. And the problem of over-incarceration is especially acute for Indigenous women and youth. According to a Statistics Canada report, First Nations, Inuit and Métis women account for 43 percent of all women being placed behind bards in Canada,. At the same time, Indigenous girls make up 49% of the young women being placed in custody and Indigenous boys make up 36% of boys admitted to custody. The over-incarceration of Indigenous youth and adults in Canada has been examined in countless judicial inquiries and other studies from the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples and to the recent summary report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC). The TRC summary report released in June, noted, “It is assumed that locking up offenders makes communities safer, but there is no evidence to demonstrate that this is indeed the case.” The TRC’s Call to Action includes a call for federal, provincial and territorial governments to eliminate the over-incarceration of Indigenous women, men and youth in the next decade, including through greater attention to alternatives to incarceration. A crisis in Australia A recent Amnesty International report on the over-incarceration of Indigenous youth in Australia reveals a situation with many direct parallels to Canada. Crucially, the report, called A brighter tomorrow: Keeping Indigenous kids in the community and out of detention, highlights some of the work being done at the community level to develop alternatives to incarceration. The report looks in particular at the concept of “justice reinvestment”, of focusing more government resources not on keeping increasing numbers of people in prison, but on addressing economic and social needs that contribute to high crime rates, supporting community led safety plans and developing effective alternatives to incarceration that meet the needs of justice and community safety but also increase the likelihood of genuine rehabilitation. Unfortunately, as the report documents, not only are such initiatives being denied adequate long-term funding, the overall direction of government policy in Australia threatens to make things even worse. In Western Australia the incarceration rate for Indigenous youth has climbed to the point that Indigenous youth make up 80 percent of young people being incarcerated even though they make up only 6 percent of the youth population. A critical factor are state laws that require judges to impose mandatory minimum sentences for young offenders in a number of situations. For example, in certain circumstances laws in Western Australia currently require judges to impose a mandatory one year sentence for a third burglary conviction, even where these offenses result from minor or extenuating circumstances, such as stealing food to eat. The report notes that “Because of these laws, the Children’s Court is prevented from ensuring that detention is a measure of last resort, that the best interests of the child are a primary consideration, and that each child is dealt with in a manner proportionate to their circumstances and the offence.” Now, the legislature in Western Australia is considering adopting a new Bill that would make things even worse. The government has already acknowledged that by expanding the cases where a mandatory will apply, the Criminal Law Amendment (Home Burglary and Other Offences) Bill 2014 will put more young people behind bars for longer periods. Amnesty International is calling for the Bill to be rejected and for mandatory minimum sentences for youth to be repealed, in keeping with international human rights standards. You can add your voice here.

Australia is beginning to dial back Covid-19 restrictions thanks to each state making their own decisions on just how far they want their reductions to go. Much like New Zealand, Australia went into a nationwide lockdown when Covid-19 was recognised as a serious threat in a bid to stop the coranvirus' spread, and after a month of stay-at-home procedures states are now beginning to loosen the reins. Both nations have been applauded for their efforts at beating the curve of the pandemic, with a similar number of cases per capita. Australia’s is very slightly lower, but with higher hospitalisation rates. New Zealand’s death toll from the virus is 19 compared with Australia’s 93, but it has a fifth of its neighbour’s population of 25 million. The thing that separates them, though, is the approach to their lockdowns. New Zealand took the "go hard" approach and shut down all non-essential services during it's four-week lockdown while in Australia, services such as baristas and hairdressers were allowed to continue. Opposition Leader Simon Bridges has argued New Zealand should have followed Australia's footsteps to keep local businesses and the economy afloat but the Government has argued it has done what is right for New Zealand specifically. But now as New Zealand adapts to life at Alert Level 3 and approximately 75 per cent of the nation's economy is back working, Australians are going even further with loosening their restrictions. Northern Territory is making biggest moves when it comes to relaxing coronavirus restrictions. As of yesterday, people living in the northern state are no longer subject to the 10-person limit guideline for outdoor activities. The changes mean there are no limits on wedding and funeral attendance as long as social distancing guidelines are used. Playgrounds have also been reopened and things such as boot camps, non-contact sports, camping, sailing, water parks and sailing are also permitted. The drastic changes come after no recorded coronavirus cases for over three weeks. "Cautious relaxation" of some coronavirus measures are being implemented in Western Australia this week with the biggest change being the two-person rule easing to a 10-person limit. It means small groups can now meet up, making things such as boot camps and group exercise possible, as long as social distancing is maintained. Unlike Northern Territory, though, gyms, outdoor gym equipment, playgrounds and skate parks remain closed. However, the Western Australia government is allowing activities such as a picnic in the park with friends, barbecues, sport, fishing, sailing and camping as long as the 10-person limit is adhered to and there is enough space for everyone’s personal bubbles. Dining in is still banned, but takeaways are allowed. There are still some strict measures in place, though, for things like pubs, nightclubs and churches. After almost five weeks of tough lockdown measures, Queensland is getting some stay-at-home restrictions lifted this weekend. From today, Queenslanders can leave their homes for recreation but a 50km limit is in place for their travel. The new rules mean residents can now ride a motorbike, jet ski or boat for pleasure, have picnics, visit national parks, shop for non-essential items or simply go for a head-clearing drive. However, physical distancing guidelines remain in place and outings are limited to members of the same household, or an individual and one friend. Households can also have two visitors at their homes. New South Wales has been hit hardest by Covid-19 but the state’s government says it’s now ready to ease social restrictions slightly. New rules implemented this week allow people to visit friends in their homes. This includes families with children being able to visit other households. The NSW government said improving mental health and reducing social isolation were the biggest drivers behind their changes. Access to Bondi, Bronte and Tamarama beaches have also been permitted on weekdays between 7am and 5pm, but only for the purposes of swimming and surfing. Other beach activities such as walking, jogging and sunbathing are still prohibited. South Australia is yet to ease restrictions but that comes after taking a more moderate approach to the coronavirus rules than some of the other states initially. Social distancing has been enforced throughout their response, with fines issued for breaches, but beaches were never closed and services such as wineries, breweries and cellar doors have been operating takeaway services after restrictions were relaxed earlier in the month. Social gathering numbers also remains at a maximum of 10 people with appropriate distancing required. The state has also gone over a week without any new Covid-19 cases. Victoria is opting to keep its stage-three restrictions in place for the time being and likely won’t adjust them until their state of emergency can be lifted on May 11. It means Victorians essentially remain in a lockdown much like that experienced by Kiwis at Alert Level 4, where gatherings are effectively prohibited and travel must be for essential purposes only. Unlike New Zealand’s Alert Level 4, though, it's fine for Victorians to go to work and attend school. But their government says when someone can do those things at home, they should. Victoria Premier Daniel Andrews said earlier this week he wanted 100,000 people tested for Covid-19 over two weeks before making any decisions on relaxing stage-three restrictions. Mr Andrews said he understood maintaining stage-three measures might not "be the news people want to hear". On Thursday, Tasmania’s government announced locals would have to wait for coronavirus restrictions to ease. Premier Peter Gutwein said current state-wide restrictions won’t be adjusted until at least May 15 but they would be reviewing measures in the lead up until then. Mr Gutwein did say if there were any relaxation of measures, it would likely begin with parks, reserves and recreation spaces. Until then, though, all travel unless essential is off the table and most businesses are closed as well. "I am hopeful that in coming weeks the advice from Public Health will be that we can begin loosening some restrictions, however this will only occur if the health risk is low," Mr Gutwein said. The premier said Tasmania's border restrictions would likely remain as well as it is the state's "strongest defence against the virus". Perhaps most surprising, the coronavirus-free ACT – which on Thursday became the first Australia jurisdiction to neutralise Covid-19 by reaching zero active cases – says it has no plans to wind back restrictions. That is in part due to the more lenient rules ACT began with but the capital state now says easing the restrictions further could lead to problems with its surrounding state of NSW, where things are stricter. Instead, Mr Barr suggested the most likely early easing of restrictions would be around public gatherings, going from a maximum of two people back up to 10, but that has yet to be permitted.

In the world of music, innovation and experimentation have always been at the forefront. From classical symphonies to modern electronic beats, musicians constantly strive to push boundaries and create unique sounds that captivate audiences. One such groundbreaking invention is the Verso Cell Being – a revolutionary concept that combines technology with musical artistry. The Verso Cell Being is essentially a cellular orchestra, where each individual cell acts as an instrument capable of producing its own distinct sound. These cells are interconnected through a complex network, allowing them to communicate and synchronize their melodies in real-time. This creates a harmonious blend of different tones and rhythms, resulting in an awe-inspiring auditory experience. At first glance, the Verso Cell Being may seem like something out of science fiction. However, it is actually based on cutting-edge scientific research in fields such as nanotechnology and bioengineering. By harnessing the power of living cells and integrating them into musical compositions, this innovative creation opens up endless possibilities for composers and performers alike. One key aspect of the Verso Cell Being is its adaptability. Each cell can be programmed to produce specific sounds or mimic various instruments – from strings to brass or even percussions. This versatility allows musicians to experiment with different genres and styles effortlessly. Whether it’s classical symphonies or contemporary jazz fusion, the cellular orchestra can seamlessly adapt to any musical genre. Moreover, unlike traditional orchestras that require numerous musicians playing multiple instruments verso cell being simultaneously, the Verso Cell Being offers unparalleled convenience for solo artists or small ensembles looking for a full-bodied sound without compromising artistic vision. With just one performer controlling all aspects of composition using advanced software interfaces connected directly to each cell within their reach – they become both conductor and musician simultaneously. Another remarkable feature of this technological marvel is its ability to evolve over time through machine learning algorithms embedded within its programming framework. As more data about music preferences accumulates, the Verso Cell Being can learn and adapt its compositions to suit individual listeners’ tastes. This personalized musical experience ensures that each performance is unique and tailored specifically for the audience. The implications of the Verso Cell Being extend beyond just music creation. Its potential applications in therapeutic settings are vast.

compound in Lusaka Zambia. Isaac is not the only person drawing water from this filthy water hole, others as well as animals drink from this source. As he fills his bottle, he points out that he is careful to “push” away the trash and dead bugs that are floating in the water. Isaac kneeling down to get a drink of water from a contaminated water source. The contents of that water can cause him to suffer from stomach cramps, fever and vomiting. When he drinks water from this watering hole he lacks the energy and ability to go to school, do his chores and play with friends. But he doesn’t have much of a choice. Clean, safe, sanitary water is a long walk off and beyond that challenge, the larger obstacle is “that” water costs money that he nor the people he stays with have. Diseases due to contaminated water and poor sanitation take the lives of 300,000 children under 5 every year. That’s 34 children an hour. All from unclean water. Issac and his friends need clean, safe, sanitary water, it is key to their success. When the children from the compounds have access to clean water, life is restored. Children are healthy and able to attend school, they are able to concentrate and to study. Parents are able to work. Diseases are slowed. Water is life and a life cannot thrive without clean water. These children need your help. Each African Vision of Hope School and community has a clean water well. Water is life. It’s also time. This is time that can be spent learning in the classroom.

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Thermal Power Plants Fossil fueled (coal) power plants are complex structures consisting of different operating units. In these structures, transformers, conveyor systems, cable ducts and so on. short circuits, high operating temperatures, flammable material storage and coal self-igniting, overheating of lubricating oil used in mechanical equipment, foreign materials in the filtration systems and so on. high fire risk. Natural Gas Power Plants Combustible flammable gas used in natural gas power plants creates a high fire risk. Fuel storage areas, overheating and friction in gas and steam turbines, gas leaks, short circuits in transformers or server rooms in cable ducts, electrical arcs, etc. reasons are some of the risks. Hydroelectric Power Plants In hydroelectric power plants, the potential energy of water is first converted to kinetic energy and then to electrical energy. Most of the world's electricity is supplied from these plants. Turbine bearings, turbine generators, oil overheating in transformers, short circuits and arcs in electronic equipment areas, risks in cable galleries, fuel depots and possible leaks etc. risks constitute the possibility of fire. Geothermal Power Plants Heat energy with high temperature and pressure stored in the underground magma is called geothermal energy. This hot water from the ground is converted to electrical energy by means of some steam turbines. The fluid used in the heat cycle is a flammable gas, gas leakage, fuel storage area, short circuits and arcs in electrical equipment and cable ducts. pose a fire risk. Biogas Power Plants Biogas, which is the result of fermentation of some organic wastes in an oxygen-free environment, can be called as renewable natural gas. The chemical energy contained in the gases can be converted into heat energy by burning and can be used in many fields as well as in the production of electricity by burning in a gas engine. Biogas containing high amounts of methane creates a high risk of fire. Bioenerji electrical systems, voltage rooms, generators, gas engines, transformers, cables and other electrical elements such as arcs and short circuits. Some of these risks. Wind Power Plants They are the devices that convert the kinetic energy of the wind into electrical energy. Possible electrical and mechanical failures in generators, control units, gearboxes and shafts in wind power plants pose a high fire risk. In the main body of wind turbines, generator, control unit, gear box and so on. devices, special device protection systems are applied. RMI Renaissance Medical Comm. Singing. Inc. and the Istanbul Başakşehir City Hospital; The first Istanbul Which will be conducted by MET ENERGY, Turkey Electricity Transmission Company (TEIAS) Directorate General for

<issue_start><issue_comment>Title: Form input ignores collection attribute username_0: `sorted` method works only on decorated/presented objects. But doesn't work as a collection attribute in form (where I'm not able to have decorated object). `= form.input :images, as: :attachment, collection: form.object.images.sorted` However when skipping `as: :attachment` I can see that `sorted` works. So it seems as a bug with simple form custom input? <issue_comment>username_1: @username_0 PR with a fix welcome :-)

Woohooo today is my lucky day: I won the Green Card Lottery despite being ineligible!!!! Below is a duplication of the textual content of the very official looking email I received today from [email protected] ([email protected]) telling me that all my dreams had come true and I have won a visa to live in the good ol’ US of A. My email spam detector wrote the email off as “Appears to be advance fee fraud (Nigerian 419)”. I completely agree with its assessment. Unfortunately I come from a country whose residents are ineligible to enter the Green Card Lottery. I would definitely have applied were Britain’s eligible to do so. The email goes on to request its lucky recipient send an $819 processing fee to one Richard Miller via Western Union money transfer. $819 is a lot of money to many people in this world, especially those living in countries where residents are eligible to play the Green Card Lottery. It is mostly for their benefit that I have chosen to post the entire email here. I’ve forwarded the email to the US Department of State asking them to appropriately deal with its sender (or senders). I hope the perpetrators get a nice cushy room in a US jail where they will be screwed as good and hard as they’ve screwed over others, and then some. Thanks to a comment left by The Beacon, we now know that the correct places to report these scam emails to are “the Internet Crime Complaint Center and the Federal Trade Commission online or by calling 1-877-FTC-HELP (1-877-382-4357). If the email requests you wire money via Western Union, you may also report it to Western Union by emailing [email protected] or by calling 1-800-448-1492.” The quoted information comes directly from the USCIS blog (United States Citizenship and Immigration Service). Please see the bootnote at the bottom of this post. I think I know how the scammers got my details but I need your help to prove it. You are one of the 50,000 winners selected by the computer random draw from the 12.1 million entries registered in the Diversity Immigrant Visa Program . The Diversity Immigrant Visa program is a United States congressionally-mandated lottery program for receiving a United States Permanent Resident Card. It is also known as the Green Card Lottery. Although the Diversity Visa participation was free, the law and regulations require to every diversity visa winner to pay a visa processing fee of $819 . The Diversity Visa(Green Card) is guaranteed upon receiving the payment. The fees must be paid using Western Union money transfer and will be processed by the U.S. embassy in the United Kingdom. Western Union is a leading provider of International person-to-person money transfer. With more than 150 years experience and 245,000 Agent locations in over 200 countries and territories, Western Union is recognized for sending money quickly, reliably, and safety. You can send the payment in U.S. dollars or equivalent of your local currency. Within 72 hours, you will receive a confirmation via email with your Case Number/Confirmation Number and exact date and time(approx. 2 days) of the final interview. Upon successful interview you will receive your documents and travel information to move in the United States. Under no circumstances your visa status won’t be affected by the interview. The payment must be sent via Western Union no later than July 30, 2011. You are strongly encouraged not to wait until the last day to pay. Heavy demand may result in system delays. The visa processing fee(US$ 819) is mandatory for each person and the U.S. Government doesn’t offer any discount, loan or exception. Good luck to anyone who has applied to be entered into the Green Card Lottery. Please be vigilant and confirm authenticity of any replies you receive because it would be a shame if your dreams were dashed by one of these pathetic fraudsters. Did you apply for a Green Card through usagc.org? I know I did so about 2 years ago, before I knew I was ineligible. This is the only place I can think of that had my details as the scammers have them. I received a promotional email through tiptopjob.com inviting me to apply for a Green Card via the services offered by usagc.org. If you completed your application form through USAGC then it’s likely the scammers hacked the USAGC database to get hold of our details. Please think back and let me know if you have ever applied for a Green Card through USAGC.

Stomach cancer is rare in dogs, accounting for less than 1% of all cancers diagnosed in our canine companions. This form of cancer tends to occur in older dogs and affects male dogs more than often then female dogs. Although any breed of dog can be affected, stomach cancer is seen more often in Chow Chows, Rough Collies, Staffordshire Terriers, and Belgian Shepherds. Stomach cancer symptoms in dogs Symptoms of stomach cancer include vomiting, nausea, weight loss, and a decreased appetite. Some dogs may vomit blood or their vomit may look like coffee grounds. Other dogs may have black, tarry stool. Dogs with stomach cancer almost never have a swollen stomach unless the cancer has spread to other areas of their abdomen. Unlike other forms of cancer where there may be one or more masses, or tumors, stomach cancer tends to cause a focal or diffuse thickening of the stomach wall. This makes stomach cancer challenging to diagnose with routine imaging, such as survey radiographs (x-rays). Abdominal ultrasound completed by a boarded radiologist may be useful in identifying areas of the stomach wall that are thickened and therefore suspicious for stomach cancer. Confirming a diagnosis of stomach cancer requires obtaining biopsy samples of the affected areas of the stomach. Biopsy samples can be obtained with a minimally invasive procedure called endoscopy. Endoscopy is typically performed by a veterinary internist, also known as an internal medicine specialist. Your dog will need to be briefly anesthetized for this procedure. During an endoscopy, the internist passes a thin tube with a camera and a light on the end down your dog’s throat and esophagus and into his stomach. This allows her to examine the innermost lining of his stomach, called the mucosa. When she sees an abnormal region of the mucosa, she can obtain a small biopsy sample by using a special grabber tool. Some forms of stomach cancer affect only the middle layer of the stomach wall and not the mucosa. When this is the case, the entire lining of your dog’s stomach may appear normal on endoscopy. If stomach cancer is still suspected but the endoscopy findings are normal, then a surgical exploratory to obtain biopsy samples may be recommended. A surgical exploratory is a procedure in which a surgeon makes an incision in your dog’s abdomen (under anesthesia, of course!) and visually examines each of your dog’s abdominal organs. For a dog that is suspected to have stomach cancer, the surgeon pays particular attention to the stomach and the first section of the small intestine. Areas of the stomach that appear abnormal can be either biopsied or removed. Biopsy samples or surgically removed sections of the stomach are sent to a veterinary pathologist for diagnosis. How long can dogs with stomach cancer live? There are two general categories of cancer: benign and malignant. Benign tumors tend not to spread to other areas of the body and generally do not recur if they are entirely removed. Malignant tumors tend to spread to other areas of the body. Unfortunately, the majority of stomach tumors in dogs are malignant and have usually metastasized by the time they are diagnosed. The prognosis for dogs with malignant stomach cancer is poor, even when treated with chemotherapy following surgical removal of the tumor. Most dogs with malignant stomach cancer live less than six months following diagnosis and treatment. In contrast, dogs who have a benign stomach tumor that can be surgically removed in its entirety have a good prognosis for life. If not surgically removed or if the benign tumor is in a section of the stomach that cannot be easily removed, benign tumors will continue to grow. Benign tumors of the stomach can grow large enough to interfere with the stomach’s proper function, leading to a dog’s demise. What to feed a dog with stomach cancer Dogs with stomach cancer need a highly nutritious diet that is easy to digest. Your veterinarian may recommend a prescription canned gastrointestinal diet, such as Hills i/d, Purina EN, or Royal Canin Gastrointestinal. Canned food has a higher moisture content than kibble and is easier for the stomach to break down into a slurry. Since the prognosis for dogs with stomach cancer is generally poor, your veterinarian may discuss palliative care options with you. Palliative care options include medications to alleviate pain, a stomach acid reducer, and an anti-emetic (anti-nausea) medication. Research into this and other forms of cancer in dogs is being pursued worldwide. While the current picture for stomach cancer in dogs appears bleak, the results of current research may provide a brighter future.

Antz Extreme Racing is a racing game based on the animated movie Antz Antz. Races over four seasons. The competition consists of four categories: driving cars, flying insects, running on your own paws and snowboarding with surfing. You can play alone and in two multiplayer modes: online and split-screen up to four people. Vehicles in the game are very unusual. Your vehicles can be tins, nutshells, super-fast bugs, etc. Your task is to make your opponents see only dust in front of them. Get as far away from all your opponents as possible and cross the finish line before anyone else. Let the others swallow the dust! Sit behind the new Ladybug, capable of an insane 1 km/h speed! Antz: Antz Olympics is the most dynamic race ever created! Other than that, remember, it's not about winning, it's about doing it. However, no one can give up the first place prize, right? single player, local multiplayer and network competitions.

A team led by University of California San Diego neurobiologists has developed a new approach to interpreting brain electroencephalograms, or EEGs, that provides an unprecedented view of thought in action and has the potential to advance our understanding of disorders like epilepsy and autism. Image of the brain with colored spheres indicating clusters of activity Photo Credit: Scott Makeig The new information processing and visualization methods that make it possible to follow activation in different areas of the brain dynamically are detailed in a paper featured on the cover of the June 15 issue of the journal Public Library of Science Biology (plos.org) The significance of the advance is that thought processes occur on the order of milliseconds—thousandths of a second—but current brain imaging techniques, such as functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and traditional EEGs, are averaged over seconds. This provides a “blurry” picture of how the neural circuits in the brain are activated, just as a picture of waves breaking on the shore would be a blur if it were created from the average of multiple snapshots. “Our paper is the culmination of eight years of work to find a new way to parse EEG data and identify the individual signals coming from different areas of the brain,” says lead author Scott Makeig, a research scientist in UCSD’s Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience of the Institute for Neural Computation. “This much more comprehensive view of brain dynamics was only made possible by exploiting recent advances in mathematics and increases in computing power. We expect many clinical applications to flow from the method and have begun collaborations to study patients with epilepsy and autism.” Sherry Seethaler | University of California The birth of a new protein 20.10.2017 | University of Arizona Building New Moss Factories 20.10.2017 | Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau University of Maryland researchers contribute to historic detection of gravitational waves and light created by event On August 17, 2017, at 12:41:04 UTC, scientists made the first direct observation of a merger between two neutron stars--the dense, collapsed cores that remain... Seven new papers describe the first-ever detection of light from a gravitational wave source. The event, caused by two neutron stars colliding and merging together, was dubbed GW170817 because it sent ripples through space-time that reached Earth on 2017 August 17. Around the world, hundreds of excited astronomers mobilized quickly and were able to observe the event using numerous telescopes, providing a wealth of new data. Previous detections of gravitational waves have all involved the merger of two black holes, a feat that won the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics earlier this month.... Material defects in end products can quickly result in failures in many areas of industry, and have a massive impact on the safe use of their products. This is why, in the field of quality assurance, intelligent, nondestructive sensor systems play a key role. They allow testing components and parts in a rapid and cost-efficient manner without destroying the actual product or changing its surface. Experts from the Fraunhofer IZFP in Saarbrücken will be presenting two exhibits at the Blechexpo in Stuttgart from 7–10 November 2017 that allow fast, reliable, and automated characterization of materials and detection of defects (Hall 5, Booth 5306). When quality testing uses time-consuming destructive test methods, it can result in enormous costs due to damaging or destroying the products. And given that... Using a new cooling technique MPQ scientists succeed at observing collisions in a dense beam of cold and slow dipolar molecules. How do chemical reactions proceed at extremely low temperatures? The answer requires the investigation of molecular samples that are cold, dense, and slow at... Scientists from the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, using high precision laser spectroscopy of atomic hydrogen, confirm the surprisingly small value of the proton radius determined from muonic hydrogen. It was one of the breakthroughs of the year 2010: Laser spectroscopy of muonic hydrogen resulted in a value for the proton charge radius that was significantly... 17.10.2017 | Event News 10.10.2017 | Event News 10.10.2017 | Event News 20.10.2017 | Information Technology 20.10.2017 | Materials Sciences 20.10.2017 | Interdisciplinary Research

Technology is now everywhere which can be seen penetrating through our very own lives. The advent of this technology has impacted the way education is perceived. The new technology in education can be seen as an evolutionary approach to learning yielding better results. Technology has benefited in distance education making learning go beyond geographical boundaries. With the introduction of new gadgets coming into the market every day, learning is now a click away. TV, the Internet, and mobiles are some examples of technologies we can’t ignore using them in our daily life. In this technological era, mobile phones, tablets, laptops and internet services make learning feasible and easily accessible. With the smart technology available in everyone’s palm, now one can access their mobile phone or tablet for easy access to information as many educational related apps are made available. When talking about the impact of this new technology on education, it has to be understood that technology in education generates greater interest in learning. With its long-lasting information storage, technology can be seen as a teaching aid which makes teaching more interactive that motivates and enables students to learn at their own pace. With computer assisted learning being used widely in many schools, colleges, and Universities, it is no exaggeration that using technology in education has become a fact of our lives. Technology in schools is what every student or parent looks forward to. The changing trends and advancement in technology often persuade one to move along the changes and embrace them. The educational sphere has got accustomed to this change by introducing technology in schools to enhance learning skills in students. Gone are the days when students use to carry heavy loads of books in their backpacks. Now, all the information available in books can be acquired from a laptop which hardly weighs few pounds. It is evident that textbooks have been replaced by iPads which weigh drastically less than a textbook but can hold a lot more content. The information has now been digitized with robust storage. The introduction of Digital classrooms in schools has made technology and teaching an unbreakable combination. Technological developments like smart boards, classrooms PC, projectors, power point presentation and television are few types of technology used in education that has enhanced learning. They facilitate simultaneous viewing of information by students. A visual explanation of concepts makes teaching and learning more interesting in classrooms. It makes students pro-active and more excited to learn and also helps them to build their confidence by researchers. Technology in schools makes student life easy. It’s not just a pen and paper that a student has or requires to express himself. He/She can now make use of the technological aids to make notes, prepare a presentation of what has been taught in schools. Integrating technology in classrooms makes learning more interesting in students. Technology has few important facets that took education to a new level. Online education and distance education are the two aspects that gave education a new dimension. Online education eliminates time and space constraints as education can be acquired from any corner of the world. With many educational institutions providing online educational programs, it can be seen that there is no geographical distance and time difference. This new technology in education is revolutionizing education by making learning more collaborative and knowledge sharing easy. It can be said that technology will and still remains a vital component of society and education as well and who can tell what it will usher in, in the new age? Let’s wait and watch!

Secondary School Overview Homophobic language and bullying is widespread in UK secondary schools. Ninety percent of secondary school teachers say pupils in their schools are bullied, harassed or called names for being – or perceived to be – lesbian, gay or bisexual. The majority (55 per cent) of lesbian, gay and bisexual students say they have experience homophobic bullying and 99 per cent hear homophobic language. The good news is that things are improving. Over the past five years, the proportion of gay pupils who report that their schools take homophobic bullying seriously has increased markedly. At the same time, the number of gay pupils who feel unable to speak out about being bullied has declined. Our research shows that secondary schools which take an active, positive approach to tackling homophobic language and bullying get the best results. This is what Secondary School Champions offers to your school: a partnership with Stonewall, Europe’s largest gay equality charity, aimed at creating a safe and welcoming learning environment for pupils of all backgrounds. A wall display at Morley Academy, a secondary school in Yorkshire. Why should my school join? - You will be prepared for Ofsted and other legal requirements. Stonewall has extensive expertise at helping secondary schools understand their Ofsted and other legal requirements when it comes to tackling homophobic language and bullying. Under the 2012 framework, Ofsted inspectors now ask secondary students whether their schools have taught them about how to respond to cases of homophobic language and bullying, and about different families - including children with same-sex parents. Secondary schools are also required by the Equality Act 2010 to actively protect those who might experience homophobic bullying. Because Stonewall has trained Ofsted’s lead inspectors and advised the government on the Equality Act, we are perfectly placed to help you navigate these duties. - You will help your students reach their potential. Celebrating difference and tackling homophobic bullying helps to promote an environment for students that is conducive to optimal learning and development. Homophobic bullying can have a profoundly damaging impact on young people’s secondary school experience. A third of gay pupils experience bullying which leads them to change their future educational plans and three in five say it harms their academic performance. By working with Stonewall to mitigate the worst harms of homophobic bullying, you can help push your students towards their academic goals. - You will empower your staff. It can be challenging to tackle homophobic bullying and gender stereotyping in secondary schools. Nine out of ten secondary school teachers say they not received any specific training on how to tackle homophobic bullying. Stonewall can empower your teachers by giving expert and tailored advice. Call our education team on 020 7593 1871 or email firstname.lastname@example.org if you have any questions at all.

. Add to wishlist E-mail a link to this book. Successful Living Publications, Inc. Successful Living Handy Books – show you how to to ge The author lays out 4 simple steps: Listen Up, and Follow Up. The Better-Speech Institute of America, Voice and Expression; Unit Monandon Mind and Background; Unit Fi Self Published 28 pp. Inscribed and signed by the author on the inside front cover. Pointers on how to Build a revolutionary library of literature that has been challenged or even outright banned. You’ll be surprised by some of the titles in this gallery! HOW TO BE A PARTY GIRL by Pat. Montandon | Kirkus Reviews Don’t let a few small mistakes erode the value of your growing book collection. Review these tips to help preserve the beauty of your books! What makes Biblio different? Sign In Register Help Cart. How to become a great hostess and give unforgettable parties. Signed by the author on the front free endpaper Enjoy!! Half black cloth and red paper covered boards. Binding tight, text clean, no tears. How to be a Party Girl Log-in or create an account first! Glossary Some terminology that may be used in this description includes: The cloth is stretched ove Ask the seller a question. Conner, Janet San Francisco: How to properly store your collection Don’t patt a few small mistakes erode the value of your growing book collection. A special order item has limited availability and the seller may source this title from another girll. In this event, there may be a slight delay in shipping and possible variation in description. Our Day return guarantee still applies. Advanced Book Search Browse by Subject. Find Rare Books Book Value. Sign up to receive offers and updates:

The latest news about space exploration and technologies, astrophysics, cosmology, the universe... Posted: Jun 07, 2013 A journey to the active Sun (Nanowerk News) After approx. two months of preparations in Kiruna in the north of Sweden, the balloon-borne solar observatory Sunrise is ready for its next flight: only a last ground-based rehearsal is still necessary. As soon as the weather conditions are right, a huge, helium-filled balloon will carry Sunrise to a travelling height of approximately 35 kilometers. Equipped with the largest solar telescope ever to have left the Earth's surface, Sunrise will then turn its unique gaze on the Sun. The solar observatory Sunrise takes a look at the Sun - and casts its shadow into the experimental hall at ESRANGE Space Center near Kiruna (Sweden), where the Sunrise-team has been preparing for the next mission. The mission is led by the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS) in Germany. Four years ago, Sunrise embarked on its first, six-day journey - and delivered the most detailed images of the Sun up to that date. However, contrary to all expectations, the Sun was extremely quiet. Today, it is heading towards its next activity maximum. Sunrise 2 will be a journey to the active Sun. Sunrise's most unique characteristic is its unusual observation point: carried by a huge, helium-filled balloon, the observatory ascends to a height of approximately 35 kilometres - and thus leaves behind the greater part of the Earth's atmosphere. "Turbulences in the atmosphere inevitably blur all images of ground-based telescopes", explains Dr. Peter Barthol from MPS, Sunrise project manager. Sunrise's telescope, however, will enjoy a unique look at the Sun - and can therefore discern structures with a size of less than 100 kilometres. Once the observatory reaches its travelling height, polar winds will grasp balloon and gondola and carry them westwards around the North Pole. "Thanks to the midnight sun in these latitudes north of the Arctic Circle, we will be able to look at the Sun nonstop", says Barthol. After six or seven days, Sunrise will then land in the north of Canada with the help of a parachute. "Sunrise's first mission showed us, that this ambitious concept works", says Sami K. Solanki, director at the MPS and scientific head of the mission. Sunrise delivered unique images and was able to resolve the Sun's magnetic building blocks for the first time. Scientists assume that the Sun's complex magnetic fields hold the key to many unsolved questions of solar research - for example, why the outermost layer of the Sun, the corona, is approximately 500 times as hot as the photosphere below. Another mystery is why the Sun's activity changes in an approximately eleven-year-cycle. When the Sun is very active, dark sunspots cover its visible surface especially abundantly. In addition, in these phase solar eruptions emitting particles and radiation into space are frequent. These can cause power outages on Earth or damage satellites. "Four years ago, the Sun showed us quite impressively, that this eleven-year-cycle is just a rough rule of thumb", says Solanki. Contrary to all expectations, the Sun remained in an extremely long minimum of solar activity. Hence, Sunrise 1 was not able to observe sunspots or solar eruptions. "For the second mission, this should be quite different", says Barthol. Since the end of 2010, the Sun's activity has been increasing again. The Sunrise mission is led by the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research in Germany. Further partners are the High Altitude Observatory (Boulder, Colorado), the Kiepenheuer Institute for Solar Physics (Germany), a Spanish consortium led by the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, the Lockheed-Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory (Palo Alto, California), and NASA's Columbia Scientific Ballooning Facility. Source: Max Planck Institute for Solar System If you liked this article, please give it a quick review on reddit or StumbleUpon. Thanks! Check out these other trending stories on Nanowerk:

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Botswana Insurance Holdings Limited (BIHL Group) is a leading financial services group, originally established in 1975. BIHL has been listed on the Botswana Stock Exchange since 1991 and is the holding company for three subsidiaries and holds a stake in two associate companies. The company's strategic goal is to become a broad-based financial services company offering a diverse range of products and services within Botswana and across the Southern African region. In 2015, the company celebrated its 40th anniversary and culminated the year by giving back to 40 CSR initiatives. In the same year, the BIHL Trust also awarded 10 scholarships to young Batswana through the BIHL Trust Thomas Tlou Scholarship. Botswana Insurance Holdings Ltd is listed on the Botswana Stock Exchange (BSE). Botswana is traded on the BSE under the ticker symbol “BIHL”. Botswana Insurance Holdings Ltd is currently the fourth most valuable stock on the BSE with a market capitalization of BWP 4.96 billion, which is about 1.27% of the Botswana Stock Exchange equity market. The current share price of Botswana Insurance Holdings Ltd (BIHL) is BWP 17.55. BIHL closed its last trading day (Thursday, June 30, 2022) at 17.55 BWP per share on the Botswana Stock Exchange (BSE). Botswana Insurance Holdings is the 14th most traded stock on the Botswana Stock Exchange over the past three months (Mar 30 - Jun 30, 2022). BIHL has traded a total volume of 839,927 shares valued at BWP 14.7 million over the period, with an average of 13,332 traded shares per session. A volume high of 194,611 was achieved on April 21st for the same period. The table below details the last 10 trading days of activity of Botswana Insurance on the Botswana Stock Exchange. Botswana Insurance Holdings Limited operates in the Financials sector. Botswana Insurance Holdings Limited, issuers of the BIHL stock on the Botswana Stock Exchange, have a number of market competitors who are also engaged in the Financials sector. The table below presents an overview of the market standing of the top 10 by year-to-date performance.

An excerpt fom the book “Nifty Utilities to Hack Mac OS X Tiger” has an overview of OS X apps like TinkerTool, Carbon Copy Cloner, BatChmod, Memory stick, and others, that help you tweak apps like Safari, adjust and monitor memory status, bring the world of Unix file ownership and permissions over to the Mac, and more. another question, do you plan on PAYING for OS X????? Those of us who care about the advancement of OS X would appreciate the contribution of other paying customers – regardless of what they run it on. So long as they don’t have some wacky EULA which requires me to use their hardware to use their software I’d be happy to pay for it. I understand that cracking to OS itself to make it work under other hardware is in violation of the EULA because it’s “reverse engineering” the software, but if there’s some sort of wrapper or something I can use to run a copy of OSx86 off of a store shelf (when it comes out) I would definitely pay for it. As for buying a new desktop to run OSx, it wouldn’t be a Mac, it’d be custom built or *maybe* dell. I wouldn’t buy Mac hardware unless it’s a laptop (I’m not sure I’d buy a laptop from anyone else). Just preference really. I like choice. If you’re going to use it, whether or not you adhere to any “wacky EULA”, then pay for it. Actually I meant I wouldn’t have it period, not just not buy it but not download it. I try not to use any illegal software at all. And I call it OSx86 in order to distingush easily between the production OX X and the in development 10.5 that will be on Intel based Macs. definitely one of the best pieces of software for the mac right now. this has been a must have on every version of OSX to date for me. Really? I prefer OnyX ( http://www.titanium.free.fr/pgs/english.html ). There’s a lot of overlap between the two, but OnyX has a lot of features TinkerTool Free does not. actually i was using onyx for a while on 10.3 but went back to tinkertool for tiger because onyx took forever to come out with a compatible version. OnyX and even CCC had a problem with 10.4.1 which delayed newer versions of their software from being released. Apple also screwed up and released a security update after 10.4.2 which broke all 64 bit based applications, it was pulled and a new update released a few days later. They forgot to include 64-bit versions of the libraries in the update. By the end of the day they had the new version up for download. Give them a break. It’s not necessarily a hacking tool, but I really like Tiger Cache Cleaner as a way to make some of OSX’s behind the scenes behavior more accessible. So if you dont’ feel like CLI-ing, pull your old friend CCC up and rock and roll. Make sure you follow some extra tips, like Zeroing your new drive and repairing permissions on the original first, enable “make bootable” in CCC prefs for a boot drive. Boot from the clone and update the prebinding, repair permissions using a program such as OnyX just to make sure. While they’re not exactly hacks to the system, both Panic (http://www.panic.com) and IconFactory (http://www.iconfactory.com) make some nice utilities and apps (I want Windows versions of Unison and Transmit) that make using OS X a little nicer. Unsanity’s (http:///www.unsanity.com) Fruit Menu is nearly indispensable to me on my G5 at work and I recently discovered an app called Synergy (http://wincent.com/a/products/synergy-classic/) which displays a little control utility in the menu bar near the clock. Good stuff. Now if only Apple would swallow their pride and implement a file grouping feature like Windows XP has as well as the ability to set finder window views globally, I’d be a happy camper. holy cow! synergy is the best thing ever for mac. I have despised how there was no such thing or a single key shortcut. I know have the arrow keys doing the job. Heaven. If apple had only made dashboard work right maybe this wouldn’t have been and issue. But this is a great find. I thought you could already do that??? They could have picked better apps. Onyx, Carbon Copy Cloner, Menu Meters, Delocalizer, Sudo, Snard, any of the launchbars. Just to name a few.. They spent too much time on TT when Onyx does more. I prefer psyncX to perform my weekly (yeah, right) backup. It features incremental backups and it’s very easy to use and pretty quick once you’ve made the initial image of your stuff. Perfect for maintaining a mirror image of your drive. Also, OS X comes with it’s own utility to clone volumes, Apple Software Restore. Type man asr in a terminal window for info. Why would one need to “bring” Unix file ownership and permissions to a Unix-based platform? Isn’t it already there? I certainly seem to be able to use the same chmod/chown commands I used in GNU/Linux.

<gh_stars>100-1000 { "schema_version": "1.2.0", "id": "GHSA-gwgv-g6qj-rm37", "modified": "2022-05-13T01:38:00Z", "published": "2022-05-13T01:38:00Z", "aliases": [ "CVE-2017-12270" ], "details": "A vulnerability in the gRPC code of Cisco IOS XR Software for Cisco Network Convergence System (NCS) 5500 Series Routers could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition when the emsd service stops. The vulnerability is due to the software's inability to process HTTP/2 packets. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a malformed HTTP/2 frame to the affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to create a DoS condition when the emsd service stops. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCvb99388.", "severity": [ { "type": "CVSS_V3", "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H" } ], "affected": [ ], "references": [ { "type": "ADVISORY", "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-12270" }, { "type": "WEB", "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20171004-ncs" }, { "type": "WEB", "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/101171" }, { "type": "WEB", "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1039504" } ], "database_specific": { "cwe_ids": [ "CWE-119" ], "severity": "HIGH", "github_reviewed": false } }

Heh, I'd (still) like a van that looks like that. :) Unfortunately, the one I've seen in my driveway is (still) flameless. You are more then right. I got my "new" car when my old one died a drawn out horrendous death. It sucked, not only the dying, but also the subsequent (sp?) buying. It's so much easier when you really can walk out and not worry about it. I couldn't, but at least I ended up getting a good car for a good price. You are doing it the right way I think. I would have loved to been a fly on the wall with the first Mgr. I woulda been crackin up. I'm the one who is always trying to smooth things over-"ok well see what you can do" and honey is like you "do it now or die" sort of mentality. LOL. P.S. I LOVE the car dealership banter. You are my hero. Oh, I am so taking you guys car shopping with me! Rob and I have yet to buy a car together and I think we'll completely suck at it. Rob's too nice and I'm too impulsive. And yes, I wondered what crayonz wondered and then what occurred to cat occurred to me and then I cast the whole thing from my mind. Geez, going car shopping with you guys sounds entertaining enough that it might be something less than torture! I kept laughing while I was reading this and my six-yr-old kept asking, "What are you laughing about?" and "Why is that funny?" You guys sound ike a hoot! You can go car shopping with me anytime! But to make it fun - that's great! I think some car salespeople aren't used to people getting up and leaving when they don't get what they want. Me and my husband did just that and the look on the saleswoman's face was priceless. Of course, as soon as we got into our car to leave my husband's cellphone rings... I'd totally like to see some travertine tile in my next car. Carpet, shmarpet. Go the used/lease return route, save the money and the aggravation. That is the money smart thing to do. I had a salesman tell me I was crazy for not taking his deal for a new four passenger vehicle as I stood here with my visibly pregnant wife, and my two children. That's pretty funny! I hate the process of buying a new car. Actually I loved buying my Saturn because back then there was no haggling and not a ton of cars to pick from, especially in my price range. I especially loved the whole driving off the showroom floor while the Saturn people applauded me thing. Oooh, sucky. Luckily, I have a friend who is a Honda GM! Beige underwear and hardwood floors...I love it! You guys kick ass!! I'd get a pre-leased or year-old if I had the money to buy something that new. Drive off the lot price just doesn't seem worth it. shmarpet... that was good too MD. Hee. If this blogger-"job" doesn't work out, you might consider writing dialog for sitcoms. Can I borrow you guys next time we buy a car? That was hysterical. They should give you the deal you want just for being the funniest customers that day.

unes Radio on iOS. Like the other services, Rdio allows you to curate the radio stations via artist. Users can see four upcoming tracks in their radio stations and have unlimited skips, which makes sense given that the iOS app is only usable if you pay the US$9.99-a-month subscription fee. The service also has added an autoplay feature that allows you to hear similar music to artists you've recently listened to. Radio stations have been a part of the Rdio desktop and web apps for awhile, and it hit Spotify's iOS app in June

Distance measuring equipment (DME) is a radio navigation technology that measures the slant range (distance) between an aircraft and a ground station by timing the propagation delay of radio signals in the frequency band between 960 and 1215 megahertz (MHz). Line-of-visibility between the aircraft and ground station is required. An interrogator (airborne) initiates an exchange by transmitting a pulse pair, on an assigned 'channel', to the transponder ground station. The channel assignment specifies the carrier frequency and the spacing between the pulses. After a known delay, the transponder replies by transmitting a pulse pair on a frequency that is offset from the interrogation frequency by 63 MHz and having specified separation. DME systems are used worldwide; their standards are set forth by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), RTCA, the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) and other bodies. Some countries require that aircraft operating under instrument flight rules (IFR) be equipped with a DME interrogator. In some other countries, a DME interrogator is only required for conducting certain operations. While stand-alone DME transponders are permitted, DME transponders are usually paired with an azimuth guidance system to provide aircraft with a two-dimensional navigation capability. A common combination is a DME colocated with a VOR (VHF Omnidirectional Range) transmitter in a single ground station. When this occurs, the frequencies of the VOR and DME equipment are paired. Such a configuration enables an aircraft to determine its azimuth angle and distance from the station. A VORTAC (VOR and TACAN) installation provides the same capabilities to civil aircraft but also provides 2-D navigation capabilities to military aircraft. Low-power DME transponders are also associated with some ILS (Instrument Landing System), ILS localizer and MLS (Microwave Landing System) installations. In those situations, the DME transponder frequency/pulse spacing is also paired with the ILS, LOC or MLS frequency. ICAO characterizes DME transmissions as ultra high frequency (UHF). The term L-band is also used. Developed in Australia, DME was invented by James "Gerry" Gerrand under the supervision of Edward George "Taffy" Bowen while employed as Chief of the Division of Radiophysics of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). Another engineered version of the system was deployed by Amalgamated Wireless Australasia Limited in the early 1950s operating in the 200 MHz VHF band. This Australian domestic version was referred to by the Federal Department of Civil Aviation as DME(D) (or DME Domestic), and the later international version adopted by ICAO as DME(I). DME is similar in principle to secondary radar ranging function, except the roles of the equipment in the aircraft and on the ground are reversed. DME was a post-war development based on the IFF (identification friend or foe) systems of World War II. To maintain compatibility, DME is functionally identical to the distance measuring component of TACAN. In their originally intended use, aircraft employ DME to determine their distance from a land-based transponder by sending and receiving pulse pairs. The ground stations are typically collocated with VORs or VORTACs. A low-power DME can be collocated with an Instrument Landing System, ILS localizer, or Microwave landing system (MLS) where it provides an accurate distance to touchdown, similar to that otherwise provided by ILS marker beacons (and, in many instances, permitting removal of the latter). A newer role for DMEs is DME/DME area navigation (RNAV). Owing to the generally superior accuracy of DME relative to VOR, navigation using two DMEs permits operations that navigating with VOR/DME does not. However, it requires that the aircraft have RNAV capabilities, and some operations also require an inertial reference unit. A typical DME ground transponder for en-route or terminal navigation will have a 1 kW peak pulse output on the assigned UHF channel. The DME system comprises a UHF (L-band) transmitter/receiver (interrogator) in the aircraft and a UHF (L-band) receiver/transmitter (transponder) on the ground. SEARCH MODE: 150 interrogation pulse-pairs per second. The aircraft interrogates the ground transponder with a series of pulse-pairs (interrogations) and, after a precise time delay (typically 50 microseconds), the ground station replies with an identical sequence of pulse-pairs. The DME receiver in the aircraft searches for reply pulse-pairs (X-mode= 12 microsecond spacing) with the correct interval and reply pattern to its original interrogation pattern. (Pulse-pairs that are not coincident with the individual aircraft's interrogation pattern e.g. not synchronous, are referred to as filler pulse-pairs, or squitter. Also, replies to other aircraft that are therefore non-synchronous also appear as squitter). TRACK MODE: less than 30 interrogation Pulse-pairs per second, as the average number of pulses in SEARCH and TRACK is limited to max 30 pulse pairs per second. The aircraft interrogator locks on to the DME ground station once it recognizes a particular reply pulse sequence has the same spacing as the original interrogation sequence. Once the receiver is locked on, it has a narrower window in which to look for the echoes and can retain lock. A radio signal takes approximately 12.36 microseconds to travel 1 nautical mile (1,852 m) to the target and back. The time difference between interrogation and reply, minus the 50 microsecond ground transponder delay and the pulse width of the reply pulses (12 microseconds in X mode and 30 microseconds in Y mode), is measured by the interrogator's timing circuitry and converted to a distance measurement (slant range), in nautical miles, then displayed on the cockpit DME display. The distance formula, distance = rate * time, is used by the DME receiver to calculate its distance from the DME ground station. The rate in the calculation is the velocity of the radio pulse, which is the speed of light (roughly 300,000,000 m/s or 186,000 mi/s). The time in the calculation is (total time - 50µs-pulse width of reply pulse)/2. The accuracy of DME ground stations is 185 m (±0.1 nmi). It's important to understand that DME provides the physical distance between the aircraft antenna and the DME transponder antenna. This distance is often referred to as 'slant range' and depends trigonometrically upon the aircraft altitude above the transponder as well as the ground distance between them. For example, an aircraft directly above the DME station at 6,076 ft (1 nmi) altitude would still show 1.0 nmi (1.9 km) on the DME readout. The aircraft is technically a mile away, just a mile straight up. Slant range error is most pronounced at high altitudes when close to the DME station. Radio-navigation aids must keep a certain degree of accuracy, given by international standards, FAA,EASA, ICAO, etc. To assure this is the case, flight inspection organizations check periodically critical parameters with properly equipped aircraft to calibrate and certify DME precision. ICAO recommends accuracy of less than the sum of 0.25 nmi plus 1.25% of the distance measured. A typical DME ground based responder beacon has a limit of 2700 interrogations per second (pulse pairs per second - pps). This means that it can provide distance information for up to 100 aircraft at a time--95% of transmissions for aircraft in tracking mode (typically 25 pps) and 5% in search mode (typically 150 pps). Above this limit the transponder avoids overload by limiting the sensitivity (gain) of the receiver. Replies to weaker (normally the more distant) interrogations are ignored to lower the transponder load. DME frequencies are paired to VHF omnidirectional range (VOR) frequencies and a DME interrogator is designed to automatically tune to the corresponding DME frequency when the associated VOR frequency is selected. An airplane's DME interrogator uses frequencies from 1025 to 1150 MHz. DME transponders transmit on a channel in the 962 to 1213 MHz range and receive on a corresponding channel between 1025 and 1150 MHz. The band is divided into 126 channels for interrogation and 126 channels for reply. The interrogation and reply frequencies always differ by 63 MHz. The spacing of all channels is 1 MHz with a signal spectrum width of 100 kHz. Technical references to X and Y channels relate only to the spacing of the individual pulses in the DME pulse pair, 12 microsecond spacing for X channels and 30 microsecond spacing for Y channels. DME facilities identify themselves with a 1,350 Hz Morse code three letter identity. If collocated with a VOR or ILS, it will have the same identity code as the parent facility. Additionally, the DME will identify itself between those of the parent facility. The DME identity is 1,350 Hz to differentiate itself from the 1,020 Hz tone of the VOR or the ILS localizer. The U.S. FAA has installed three DME transponder types (not including those associated with a landing system): Terminal transponders (often installed at an airport) typically provide service to a minimum height above ground of 12,000 feet and range of 25 nautical miles; Low altitude transponders typically provide service to a minimum height of 18,000 feet and range of 40 nautical miles; and High altitude transponders, which typically provide service to a minimum height of 45,000 feet and range of 130 nautical miles. However, many have operational restrictions largely based on line-of-sight blockage, and actual performance may be different. The Aeronautical Information Manual states, presumably referring to high altitude DME transponders: "reliable signals may be received at distances up to 199 nautical miles at line-of-sight altitude". DME transponders associated with an ILS or other instrument approach are intended for use during an approach to a particular runway, either one or both ends. They are not authorized for general navigation; neither a minimum range nor height is specified. DME frequency usage, channelization and pairing with other navaids (VOR, ILS, etc.) are defined by ICAO. 252 DME channels are defined by the combination of their interrogation frequency, interrogation pulse spacing, reply frequency, and reply pulse spacing. These channels are labeled 1X, 1Y, 2X, 2Y, ... 126X, 126Y. X channels (which came first) have both interrogation and reply pulse pairs spaced by 12 microseconds. Y channels (which were added to increase capacity) have interrogation pulse pairs spaced by 36 microseconds and reply pulse pairs spaced by 30 microseconds. A total of 252 frequencies are defined (but not all used) for DME interrogations and replies--specifically, 962, 963, ... 1213 megahertz. Interrogation frequencies are 1025, 1026, ... 1150 megahertz (126 total), and are the same for X and Y channels. For a given channel, the reply frequency is 63 megahertz below or above the interrogation frequency. The reply frequency is different for X and Y channels, and different for channels numbered 1-63 and 64-126. Not all defined channels/frequencies are assigned. There are assignment 'holes' centered on 1030 and 1090 megahertz to provide protection for the secondary surveillance radar (SSR) system. In many countries, there is also an assignment 'hole' centered on 1176.45 megahertz to protect the GPS L5 frequency. These three 'holes' remove approximately 60 megahertz from the frequencies available for use. Precision DME (DME/P), a component of the Microwave Landing System, is assigned to Z channels, which have a third set of interrogation and reply pulse spacings. The Z channels are multiplexed with the Y channels and do not materially affect the channel plan.

George Berkeley (//; 12 March 1685 – 14 January 1753), also known as Bishop Berkeley (Bishop of Cloyne), was an Anglo-Irish philosopher whose primary achievement was the advancement of a theory he called "immaterialism" (later referred to as "subjective idealism" by others). This theory denies the existence of material substance and instead contends that familiar objects like tables and chairs are only ideas in the minds of perceivers, and as a result cannot exist without being perceived. Berkeley is also known for his critique of abstraction, an important premise in his argument for immaterialism. In 1709, Berkeley published his first major work, An Essay towards a New Theory of Vision, in which he discussed the limitations of human vision and advanced the theory that the proper objects of sight are not material objects, but light and colour. This foreshadowed his chief philosophical work A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge in 1710 which, after its poor reception, he rewrote in dialogue form and published under the title Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous in 1713. In this book, Berkeley's views were represented by Philonous (Greek: 'lover of mind'), while Hylas (Greek: 'matter') embodies the Irish thinker’s opponents, in particular John Locke. Berkeley argued against Sir Isaac Newton's doctrine of absolute space, time and motion in De Motu (On Motion), published 1721. His arguments were a precursor to the views of Mach and Einstein. In 1732, he published Alciphron, a Christian apologetic against the free-thinkers, and in 1734, he published The Analyst, an empiricist critique of the foundations of infinitesimal calculus, which was influential in the development of mathematics. His last major philosophical work, Siris (1744), begins by advocating the medicinal use of tar water, and then continues to discuss a wide range of topics including science, philosophy, and theology. Interest in Berkeley's work increased after World War II, because he tackled many of the issues of paramount interest to philosophy in the 20th century such as the problems of perception, the difference between primary and secondary qualities, and the importance of language.

-- phpMyAdmin SQL Dump -- version 5.1.1 -- https://www.phpmyadmin.net/ -- -- Host: 127.0.0.1 -- Tempo de geração: 23-Abr-2022 às 21:59 -- Versão do servidor: 10.4.22-MariaDB -- versão do PHP: 7.3.33 SET SQL_MODE = "NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO"; START TRANSACTION; SET time_zone = "+00:00"; /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */; /*!40101 SET NAMES utf8mb4 */; -- -- Banco de dados: `astaj602_site` -- -- -------------------------------------------------------- -- -- Estrutura da tabela `astaje_tipo` -- CREATE TABLE `astaje_tipo` ( `faixa_etaria` varchar(150) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL, `afinidade_basico` varchar(150) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL, `plano_gold` varchar(150) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL, `afinidade_versatil` varchar(150) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL, `afinidade_pratico` varchar(150) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL, `pleno_platinum` varchar(150) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL, `pleno_diamond` varchar(150) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_unicode_ci; -- -- Extraindo dados da tabela `astaje_tipo` -- INSERT INTO `astaje_tipo` (`faixa_etaria`, `afinidade_basico`, `plano_gold`, `afinidade_versatil`, `afinidade_pratico`, `pleno_platinum`, `pleno_diamond`) VALUES ('1', '15000', '16,24', '482,34', '435,35\r\n', '56,48', '87,38'), ('2', '439,65\r\n', '16,24', '559,94\r\n', '505,40\r\n', '56,48', '87,38'), ('3', '510,36\r\n', '16,24', '649,98\r\n', '586,67\r\n', '56,48', '87,38'), ('4', '626,14', '16,24', '797,47\r\n', '719,78\r\n', '56,48', '87,38'), ('5', '741,87\r\n', '16,24', '944,90\r\n', '852,85\r\n', '56,48', '87,38'), ('6', '882,49\r\n', '16,24', '1124,00\r\n', '1014,50\r\n', '56,48', '87,38'), ('7', '926,86\r\n', '16,24', '1180,50\r\n', '1065,51\r\n', '56,48', '87,38'), ('8', '1249,11\r\n', '16,24', '1590,82\r\n', '1435,93\r\n', '56,48', '87,38'), ('9', '1683,26\r\n', '16,24', '2143,88\r\n', '1935,03\r\n', '56,48', '87,38'), ('10', '2268,39\r\n', '16,24', '2889,06\r\n', '2607,66\r\n', '56,48', '87,38'); COMMIT; /*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */; /*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */; /*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;

Traveling Luck for Chickasaw Crossing (historical), Alabama, United States Where is Chickasaw Crossing (historical)? The timezone in Chickasaw Crossing (historical) is America/Rankin_Inlet Sunrise at 06:59 and Sunset at 17:05. It's light Latitude. 34.8944°, Longitude. -88.0958° , Elevation. 126m Weather : Temperature: 20°C / 68°F Wind: 9.2km/h South gusting to 18.4km/h Cloud: Few at 6500ft Scattered at 8500ft Satellite map around Chickasaw Crossing (historical) Geographic features & Photographs around Chickasaw Crossing (historical), in Alabama, United States - valley; - an elongated depression usually traversed by a stream. - Whitsett Hollow (1.3km) - Till Hollow (2.1km) - Bald Hollow (2.4km) - Dark Hollow (2.4km) - Graveyard Hollow (2.6km) - Salt Hollow (3.4km) - Chalk Mine Hollow (3.5km) - Ginhouse Hollow (3.7km) - Twomile Hollow (4.4km) - Cane Hollow (4.4km) - Fish Trap Hollow (4.7km) - Fred Hollow (4.8km) - Union Hollow (5km) - Keaton Hollow (5.3km) - Fannie Hollow (5.9km) - Mills Hollow (6km) - Local Feature; - A Nearby feature worthy of being marked on a map.. - Chickasaw Crossing (historical) (0km) - Eastport Landing (historical) (0.9km) - Tucker Bend (0.9km) - Eastport Dock (1.4km) - Riverton Ferry (historical) (2.6km) - Waterloo Landing (2.6km) - Shellbank Landing (3.3km) - Evans Landing (historical) (4.6km) - Scufflehill Methodist Church (historical) (4.7km) - Fishtrap Ford (historical) (4.9km) - Rosetrail Hunting Club (4.9km) - Baughs Landing (historical) (4.9km) - Iuka Landing (historical) (5.3km) - Douthit Methodist Church (historical) (6km) - stream; - a body of running water moving to a lower level in a channel on land. - Bear Creek (0.4km) - Beech Branch (1.3km) - Eastport Branch (1.8km) - Horse Branch (2.3km) - Richardson Branch (4.3km) - Spring Branch (4.6km) - Bledsoe Branch (5.3km) - Second Creek (5.3km) - school; - building(s) where instruction in one or more branches of knowledge takes place. - South Riverton School (historical) (3.1km) - Sulligent High School (3.9km) - Scrabble Hill School (historical) (4.7km) - Waterloo High School (5km) - Union Hollow School (historical) (5.6km) - Eastport School (5.9km) - populated place; - a city, town, village, or other agglomeration of buildings where people live and work. - Eastport (1.4km) - Chickasaw (historical) (2.5km) - Riverton (2.9km) - Waterloo (4.9km) - Bacon Springs (5.7km) Accommodation around Chickasaw Crossing (historical) - park; - an area, often of forested land, maintained as a place of beauty, or for recreation. - Waterloo City Park (5.3km) - Rosetrail Park (5.7km) - Colbert County Park (5.8km) - cemetery; - a burial place or ground. - Watkins Cemetery (2.7km) - Richardson Cemetery (4.1km) - Clement Cemetery (4.2km) - bar; - a shallow ridge or mound of coarse unconsolidated material in a stream channel, at the mouth of a stream, estuary, or lagoon and in the wave-break zone along coasts. - Big Bear Shoals (historical) (2.3km) - Colbert Shoals (4km) - church; - a building for public Christian worship. - Douthit Church (6km) - post office; - a public building in which mail is received, sorted and distributed. - dam; - a barrier constructed across a stream to impound water. - Lift Lock (historical) (3.3km) - island; - a tract of land, smaller than a continent, surrounded by water at high water. - Waterloo Island (historical) (4.7km) Wikipedia entries close to Chickasaw Crossing - Colbert County adm2nd adm2nd - Michie, Tennessee city city o Airports close to Chickasaw Crossing (historical) Mc kellar sipes rgnl(MKL), Jackson, Usa (136.2km) Redstone aaf(HUA), Redstone, Usa (166.2km) Columbus afb(CBM), Colombus, Usa (181km) Nashville international(BNA), Nashville, Usa (235.7km) Birmingham international(BHM), Birmingham, Usa (245km)

Wikimp3 information about the music of June Carter Cash. On our website we have 19 albums and 34 collections of artist June Carter Cash. You can find useful information and download songs of this artist. We also know that June Carter Cash represents Country genres. Songwriter, singer, actress, comedienne, and matriarch of country music June Carter Cash was born Valerie June Carter in Maces Springs, VA, on June 23, 1929. Taught by her mother (the legendary Mother Maybelle Carter of the Carter Family) to play autoharp, June entered the spotlight in 1937 singing with her sisters Helen and Anita, eventually performing as the Carter Sisters after the death of June's uncle A.P. Her good humor and quick wit prompted June to perform comedy skits and monologues during the show, and led to a novelty recording of "Baby, It's Cold Outside" with country comics Homer & Jethro which eventually hit number nine on the country charts in 1949. In 1952, Carter married Carl Smith, with whom she performed at Nashville's Grand Ole Opry, and their daughter, Rebecca Carlene (later to record under the name Carlene Carter), was born in 1955. After their divorce in the late '50s, Carter was managed by Colonel Tom Parker and toured with Elvis Presley, and while living in Nashville, she met and briefly married local police officer Rip Nix with whom she another daughter, Rosie. Although Carter dabbled in acting during the '50s, she returned to the musical stage in 1961 when the Carters joined Johnny Cash's road show. Rumor has it that Cash had kept an eye on June since her appearances with the Carter Sisters in the early '50s, commenting, "I'm going to marry that girl someday" (despite the fact that both of them were still married to other people at the time). In 1963, Carter co-wrote the song "Ring of Fire" with Merle Kilgore, which Cash (supposedly June's inspiration for the song) took to number one. Their Grammy-winning duet "Jackson" came true when Cash and Carter "got married in a fever hotter than a pepper sprout" in 1968. Cash has long credited June for forcing him to shake his addiction to amphetamines and encouraging his spiritual development, saying, "she is the person responsible for me still being alive. She came along at a time in my life when I was going to self-destruct." Another Grammy (for "If I Were a Carpenter") and the birth of Carter's third child, son John Carter Cash, followed in 1970. June Carter Cash left the spotlight for most of the '70s and '80s, stating, "I worked with John, but I had enough sense to walk just a little ways behind him. I could have made more records, but I wanted to have a marriage." She did, however, write two autobiographies (1979's Among My Klediments and 1987's From My Heart) and also did some acting, notably on Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman and alongside Robert Duvall in The Apostle. She did eventually return to recording, releasing a collection of both traditional folk songs and Carter Cash originals entitled Press On in 1999 which won a Grammy for best traditional folk album. Johnny Cash's health seemed to deteriorate throughout the '90s just as his career went through a renaissance, and many fans were shocked when June Carter Cash died suddenly on May 15, 2003, following complications from heart surgery. Given the fact that she had remained apparently rock solid as he got weaker and weaker, it seemed as though Johnny might pass on, but Carter Cash would live forever. Luckily, she does live on today; through the children she raised (many of whom have become musicians themselves), through her writing and appearances on film, through the contributions she made to her husband's life, and most clearly in the music she left behind. Title: Country Music Country, The Best of Classic Country & Western by Johnny Cash, Hank Williams, Patsy Cline, Loretta Lynn, Bill Monroe & More!

Emphysema (em-fe-ZEE-ma) is a lung disease in which the alveoli (al-VEE-o-ly), tiny air sacs in the lungs, lose elasticity, causing difficulty in breathing. for searching the Internet and other reference sources Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease What Is Emphysema? Air reaches the lungs through a series of ever-smaller tubes. First air passes through the trachea (TRAY-kee-a), which is the large windpipe from the throat down the neck. Then the trachea branches into smaller tubes called the bronchi (BRONG-ky), then into even smaller bronchi called bronchioles (BRONG-kee-olz) that branch still further deep into the lungs. The bronchioles end in tiny air sacs called alveoli. It is in the alveoli that the transfer of oxygen into the bloodstream and of carbon dioxide out of the bloodstream occurs. In emphysema, the bronchi and bronchioles are inflamed and continually swollen and clogged. This causes the alveoli to swell. These fragile air sacs burst and merge together. This damage to the alveoli makes it more difficult for the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide to take place. People with emphysema have difficulty breathing. It is usually caused by cigarette smoking, or a severe form of bronchitis called chronic obstructive bronchitis. Very often, a combination of these factors produces emphysema. Because severe bronchitis, smoking, and emphysema are closely interrelated, physicians often refer to a combined disorder known as chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD), or chronic obstructive pulmonary (PULL-mo-nar-ee) disease (COPD). * incidence means rate of occurrence. Who Gets Emphysema? Both emphysema and COPD are very rare in young people, but the incidence * steadily increases as people grow older, particularly during or after middle age. This is believed to be due in large part to the cumulative effect of smoking on the lungs. One person cannot catch it from another. Emphysema is more common in men than it is in women, probably because more men smoke cigarettes than women. However, it is believed that this difference will become smaller because more teenage girls and young women are smoking cigarettes today than years ago. Heavier smoking among men over the past several decades is believed to account for the present imbalance in numbers. In the United States, more than 2 million people have emphysema, making it a common disorder. More than 6 million people suffer from COPD. About 6 or 7 people per 100,000 die from emphysema each year, and COPD is the fourth most common cause of death in the United States. The incidence of emphysema is even higher in European countries. Effects of Smoking and Other Causes The great majority of emphysema cases are associated with cigarette smoking. It has been found that people who are heavy smokers of cigarettes are 10 to 15 times more likely to develop emphysema than are nonsmokers. Additional factors may contribute to emphysema or be directly responsible for it. For example, if someone develops emphysema early in adult life, usually it is due to a rare genetic deficiency of a chemical that helps to maintain elasticity * in the lungs. Environmental air pollution also may make a person more likely to develop chronic bronchitis and emphysema. With on-the-job exposure to mineral dusts, such as coal dust in a mine, emphysema may occur as part of a disease known as pneumoconiosis (noo-mo-ko-nee-O-sis). 300 Years Ago: No Smoking Please Sir John Floyer (1649—1735), an English physician who had asthma, first described emphysema in the seventeenth century. Floyer was studying pulmonary (lung) disorders and described the characteristic prolonged expiration and progressive nature of emphysema. Floyer warned his patients to avoid tobacco smoke, metallic fumes, and other potential irritants because he believed that they caused pulmonary disorders. He was right. * elasticity is the ability to be stretched and to return to original shape. Emphysema also may accompany diseases such as asthma and tuberculosis that can obstruct the airways in the lungs. A less serious form of emphysema sometimes develops in elderly people whose lungs have lost elasticity only as a part of the aging process. Another usually mild form, called compensatory emphysema, results when a lung overexpands to occupy the space of another lung that has collapsed or has been removed surgically. A Close-Up Look at the Alveoli Understanding the alveoli, and the airways in the lungs that lead to them, is key to understanding emphysema. These tiny sacs or pockets are grouped in grapelike clusters and are so small that each lung contains 300 to 400 million of them. Because there are so many alveoli, their total surface area is about 50 times greater than the entire surface area of the skin on the body. This huge surface area is important because it allows oxygen from the air we inhale to be transferred to the bloodstream, and it allows carbon dioxide in the bloodstream to be transferred out. Inhaled air reaches the alveoli through bronchial tubes and repeatedly branching smaller bronchioles in the lungs that resemble an upside-down tree. The walls of the alveoli contain tiny blood vessels called capillaries, which lead to larger vessels that return blood to the heart to be pumped throughout the body. It is in the delicate capillaries of the alveoli that the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. What Changes Occur in the Lungs from Emphysema? In emphysema, tobacco smoke and other inhaled irritants damage the alveoli, causing them to lose elasticity. Moreover, smoking often causes chronic bronchitis, which tends to narrow and obstruct the bronchial airways with mucus, scarring, and muscle spasms in the walls of the bronchial tubes. As a result, air becomes trapped in the alveoli, stretching their walls and causing some to break down and form larger pockets by joining with other alveoli. As the lungs become less elastic, they tend to become distended, or overinflated. Why Do We Breathe? All living things need energy for their life processes, such as growth and reproduction. Plants get energy from the sun, whereas animals get it from food (plants and other animals). Because humans are animals, we might think we could get energy just by eating food, but this only gets the food to our stomachs; it does not get it to all the cells of our bodies, where it is needed. For this purpose, our digestive systems break down the food into sugar, fats, and proteins, and our circulatory systems carry it to our cells as food energy in this form. This is still not enough to help our cells, however. The cells need to have oxygen from the blood to be able to carry out chemical reactions to release the energy from the food we eat. We breathe in so that our lungs can transfer oxygen to the bloodstream for delivery to our cells. We breathe out to carry away carbon dioxide, a waste product of the chemical reactions in our cells, that is returned in the bloodstream. What Are the Symptoms of Emphysema? The main symptom of emphysema is shortness of breath. The decrease in lung elasticity, the trapping of air in the lungs, and the loss of alveolar surface area means that the person must breathe harder to force carbon dioxide out of the lungs and draw in oxygen. A common outward sign of emphysema is a barrel-shaped chest caused by overinflation of the lungs. As emphysema progresses, some people compensate by breathing faster. Others develop a condition known as cor pulmonale (KOR pul-mo-NAL-ee), in which the right side of the heart becomes enlarged because of the difficulty it has pumping blood through the damaged lungs. How Is Emphysema Diagnosed and Treated? A doctor can diagnose emphysema from a physical exam, symptoms, and a chest x-ray, which may show such signs as overinflation of the lungs and other changes. A lung function test can detect reduced ability to exhale fully. Blood tests can measure the concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. Blood levels of carbon dioxide tend to rise in patients with emphysema, and blood levels of oxygen tend to fall. Currently no form of treatment can reverse emphysema, but measures can be taken to control the disease and its symptoms. The person must stop smoking permanently. Antibiotics may be used to treat and prevent respiratory infections. Other medicines can be taken to widen the airways and relax spasms in their walls. Special breathing exercises often are helpful, and breathing equipment that delivers extra oxygen and medications may be provided for home use. How Can Emphysema Be Prevented? Because the damage that emphysema does to the lungs cannot be undone, it is especially important to try to prevent this disease from developing in the first place. Adopting healthy habits early in life—especially not smoking—is very important. It can prevent health problems later on that include not only emphysema, but lung cancer, heart disease, and other disorders as well. Haas, Francois, and Sheila Sperber Haas. The Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema Handbook. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1990. This is a well-written and well-illustrated source. Adams, Francis V. The Breathing Disorders Sourcebook. Los Angeles: Lowell House, 1998. This book has more information on lung conditions, including a chapter on emphysema, and lists many helpful local and regional organizations. The American Lung Association's national office is located at 1740 Broadway, New York, NY 10019. Call them at 212-315-8700 orlocate a local office by calling 1-800-LUNG-USA (586-4872). The Association's website includes valuable information about lung diseases and tobacco control. Material is available in English and in Spanish.

People of Pakistan, ever since its inception, have always been ready to make huge sacrifices to safeguard their independence Sacrifice is one of the spirits of Eid-ul Azha. When Prophet Ibrahim (AS) decided to sacrifice his beloved son Ismail (AS), Allah in His beneficence and Mercy ordained Eid-ul-Azha to commemorate the spirit of sacrifice. We are asked to sacrifice an animal on the auspicious occasion and distribute a portion among the poor, friends and relatives. Prophet Ibrahim (AS) was willing to sacrifice his own son but we note that the people of Pakistan, ever since its inception, are willing to make huge sacrifices for safeguarding their independence. When Pakistan was created, there was a mass exodus of humanity. Muslims from the locations, which formed part of India, decided to move to the promised land of Pakistan. Marauding Hindus and Sikhs set upon the helpless refugee caravans, killing, raping and looting the refugees; notwithstanding that revenge seeking Muslims retaliated by pillaging and killing Hindu and Sikh refugees headed for India. Safe estimates indicate that more than 15 million people were uprooted, and between one and two million were dead. The second occasion for sacrifice came when in October 1947; India launched troops in Kashmir to annex it. According to the Indian Independence Act of 1947, princely states were to decide by the will of the people to accede to either India or Pakistan but Indian troops forced the Maharaja of Kashmir to sign a letter of accession in favour of India. Volunteers from Pakistan including the Army, tried to liberate Kashmir. Despite their dilapidated arms, they wrested control of one third of Kashmir from India and would have succeeded in liberating the whole of Kashmir had Pundit Jawaharlal Nehru not approached the UN Security Council to implement a ceasefire. Captain Muhammad Sarwar and Naik Saif Ali Janjua are among the prominent Shaheeds of the 1947-48 Kashmir War. Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan should be counted as the country’s first Shaheed, since he was suffering from Tuberculosis and both his lungs were perforated like a sieve but he hid his illness from all and persevered despite his frail health to achieve independence for Pakistan. The extreme ailment and exertion took its toll and the Quaid breathed his last soon after gaining independence. Quaid’s able and trusted lieutenant Nawabzada Liaquat Ali Khan tried to steer Pakistan through its nascent stage, where Indian egocentricity deprived Pakistan of its just share of the assets it was to receive after partition. In the aftermath of the mass exodus of refugees, settling them, feeding and housing them, taking care of a nation whose treasury was empty, Liaquat Ali Khan performed Herculean tasks to settle Pakistan on its own feet but he was brutally assassinated because he was going to abolish feudalism in Pakistan. Liaquat Ali Khan, who was once the richest landowner of undivided India, when he embraced martyrdom, had a handful of rupees in his bank account and no personal property because he had donated all his belongings to the cause of Pakistan. Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah should be counted as the country’s first martyr. He was suffering from Tuberculosis and both his lungs were perforated like a sieve, but he hid his illness from all and persevered despite his frail health to achieve independence for Pakistan Major Tufail Muhammad embraced martyrdom on August 7 1958, while defending Pakistan in Lakshmipura. On 6th September 1965, India launched a full scale war on Pakistan. Its land and air forces heavily outnumbered Pakistan’s, but the people of Pakistan stood behind its armed forces like a solid edifice in face of the enemy’s onslaught and defended Pakistan with some brave tales of valour being emblazoned in the fledgling nation’s history. The supreme sacrifice of their lives by Major Raja Aziz Bhatti, Squadron Leaders Sarfaraz Ahmad Rafiqui, Munir ud-din Ahmad, Alauddin Ahmad, Muhammad Iqbal, Flight Lieutenants Younus Hussain and Saifullah Khan Lodhi to name a few, protected Pakistan from India’s invasion. In 1971, war was thrust on Pakistan as India machinated to sever its eastern wing and create Bangladesh. Despite its defeat, Pakistan’s armed forces fought with valour and did not demur from sacrificing their lives. Names like Pilot Officer Rashid Minhas, Major Shabbir Sharif, Sawar Muhammad Hussain, Major Mohammad Akram, Lance Naik Muhammad Mahfuz, Wing Commanders Mervyn Lesley Middlecoat, Syed Muhammad Ahmad, Squadron Leaders Khusro, Muhammad Nasir Dar, Muhammad Aslam Chaudhry, Peter Christy, Hameed Quraishi, Flight Lieutenants, Saeed Afzal, Javed Iqbal and Flying Officer Naseem Nisar Baig emblazoned trails of glory with the supreme sacrifice of their lives. In the snowy heights of Kargil, in 1999, Captain Karnal Sher Khan and Lalak Jan Shaheed along with numerous others kept the traditions of sacrifices live. Following 9/11, global terrorism set its firm footprints on Pakistan. The brave people of Pakistan, be they the children of Army Public School Peshawar, Charsadda University or the members of the judicial community in Quetta sacrificed their lives. According to South Asia Terrorism Portal, to date 62,425 Pakistanis have sacrificed their lives while 6,813 members of the law enforcing agencies including Pakistan Army, Rangers and Police have embraced martyrdom. This is directly in line with the spirit of sacrifice enshrined in Prophet Ibrahim’s practice.

Definition of ordered pair in English: A pair of elements a, b having the property that (a, b) = (u, v) if and only if a = u, b = v. - On 4 November 1833 Hamilton read a paper to the Royal Irish Academy expressing complex numbers as algebraic couples, or ordered pairs of real numbers. - In 1814 Argand had represented the complex numbers as points on the plane, that is as ordered pairs of real numbers. - The first number in the ordered pairs for each outcome is the payoff to the row player, the second number the payoff to the column player. Definition of ordered pair in: - US English dictionary What do you find interesting about this word or phrase? Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed. Most popular in the US Most popular in the UK Most popular in Australia Most popular in Malaysia Most popular in Pakistan

If you or a family member has seasonal allergies, which are triggered by environmental allergens like pollen, you probably know that spring can be a rough time of year, especially if you live in an area with a high pollen count. Here at Neocate, we hear from some parents that their children’s food allergy symptoms seem worse at this time of year. Let’s take some time to review the similarities and differences between food allergy and environmental allergy symptoms. Allergies that show up in the spring are also called hay fever or allergic rhinitis. They are usually caused by pollen: the body recognizes proteins in pollen as “foreign” and mounts an immune response, like it does to bacteria or viruses. This causes the symptoms associated with seasonal allergies. Most of these symptoms are “above the neck” and include sneezing, itchy eyes, or a runny nose. Some folks are allergic to only one or a few types of pollen, whereas others are sensitive to many types of pollen. Symptoms can show up after a move to a new geographic area where the plants, and the pollen, are different. It seems that allergic rhinitis isn’t limited to older children and adults: infants can have it too. Food allergies are a response to the proteins in food. When that food (or even a trace amount of that food) is consumed, the body mounts an immune response. In this way, food allergies can be similar to seasonal allergies. Most of the food allergy symptoms fall “below the neck” because the body responds to the part of the body where the food is: the gut. In older children and adults these symptoms include bloating, diarrhea, and an itchy sensation in the mouth, among others. The symptoms are different for infants who have a milk and/or soy allergy than those of older children and adults. Food allergies and seasonal allergies share some of the same symptoms. For instance, both can cause a runny nose, headache, and congestion as a result of exposure to allergens that are foods or pollen. The two are also similar in that their symptoms can both be minimized by avoiding their respective triggers. Here are tips for minimizing symptoms of seasonal allergies and our past blogs for preventing symptoms of food allergies. Fortunately seasonal allergies can also be treated with medications. This is nice because pollen can make symptoms persist constantly, often for weeks at a time. Unfortunately, there aren’t any widely used medications to help treat mild to moderate food allergies. The best treatment for food allergies is avoidance. Along those lines, it’s easier to avoid food allergens than it is to avoid the triggers for seasonal allergies. Even if there were a medication that helped with mild food allergies, some food allergies are so severe that the only treatment is to entirely avoid the food in question. If your child is exhibiting symptoms that aren’t clearly one allergy or the other, ask yourself these questions: -Monitor the pollen count: are the symptoms worse as pollen counts go up? -Monitor the diet: has anything new been added that could cause the symptoms? -Is your child exhibiting new symptoms, or are the same symptoms getting worse? If your child has food allergies and his or her symptoms seem to get worse at a certain time of year, it may be that new or worsened symptoms could be due to seasonal allergies, which aren’t helped by avoiding food allergens. Ultimately, it’s probably best to see an allergist, especially if your child has symptoms that are making them miserable. Allergists can help by identifying the cause of a seasonal allergy, suggesting ways to minimize symptoms, and prescribing drugs that might help as needed. Check with the American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology to locate an allergy center near you. Did you have a tough time telling what was causing your child’s allergy symptoms?

← New Contributors! Sword Art Online was easily one of the most popular and talked-about anime series of 2012. The premise of a bunch of player being trapped in an MMO video game where dying in the game meant dying in real life was enough of a hook to attract thousands of viewers. To be honest, the show lost me halfway through after wasting time discussing game minutia that wasn’t all that interesting and building a harem for the show’s protagonist, Kirito. The show has been around long enough that critics have already had enough time discuss the show’s myriad problems, so what’s the point of digging up old material? With season 2 airing this summer, now is the perfect time to discuss the worst part of season 1, which I just finished last week at the time of this writing. That would be the Alfheim Online arc, the second half of season 1. The Alfheim arc begins with Kirito’s awakening from Sword Art Online, haven beaten the game and escaped after 2 years of virtual confinement. However, Kirito’s girlfriend and former badass warrior Asuna has yet to wake up despite Sword Art Online no longer existing. The reason for this is that her mind is trapped in a new virtual reality MMO game called Alfheim Online, which is basically just Sword Art Online with flying fairies. In Alfheim, Asuna is literally trapped in a cage by Alfheim’s gamemaster Sugou, who’s introduced in real life smelling the Asuna’s hair while she’s comatose. This guy is quite the charmer as you can see. This is the first sign of the major problem with this arc of Sword Art Online. I could complain about how Alfheim is somehow less interesting than SAO, or why people are still playing virtual reality MMOs after the most popular one was responsible for the deaths of many real life people, or the creepy subplot of Kirito’s newly introduced sister having a crush on Kirito, but those complaints could fill up their own articles. Instead, let’s focus on what is easily the most repulsive aspect of Sword Art Online, the depowering and objectification of Asuna. Sword Art Online’s track record of treating its female characters like people is incredibly poor. In the first arc, every female character exists to be impressed by and fall in love with Kirito because of his impressive combat skills. Basically Sword Art Online is a typical male power fantasy in which the male protagonist that male gamers in the audience can identify with are rewarded with the idea that their video game skills will make girls love them. Basically Kirito is a bland character with no distinguishable flaws or well-rounded personality traits. But within the narrative of Sword Art Online, Kirito is unmatched by other players with the possible exception of Asuna, a player who is a high ranked member of the Knights of the Blood Oath, the most powerful player in the game. She is shown as being the most capable player in the game next to Kirito. Which makes her treatment in the Alfheim arc all the more frustrating and illustrates that no matter how capable a character she is, by being a girl she must exist only to fuel Kirito’s motivation. So you know how gross it is that this arc opens with Asuna being molested by Sugou, who wants to marry her despite her inability to consent? Turns out that Asuna being molested and dominated is a theme of this season! Don’t forget the copious crying and struggling either! Yes, the only girl who could possibly be close to Kirito in skill level has no power anymore and only exists to make Sugou look like the worst person imaginable and Kirito look noble for avenging and rescuing her. They made a toy depicting Asuna caged and chained. In case you weren’t depressed enough already. The two worst examples of this occur in episodes 21 and 24. The first is an example of anime’s good old friend and internet punchline, tentacle molesting. During the one time Asuna is able to escape her cage and discovers that Sugou has captured the minds of other SAO players to experiment on, she is captured by two tentacle slug monsters that work for Sugou. During the scene the monsters tell her “stop struggling” and “I’m bored with dolls, but you look like someone I can have fun with!” Cue multiple panning shots of Asuna being grabbed and squeezed with close-up shots of her legs and exposed stomach. Fanservice is common in Sword Art Online, but until this point it was rarely this exploitative or about dominance. Fanservice isn’t inherently bad. To see positive examples, see Free! – Iwatobi Swim Club. All though Free! is aimed at an audience attracted to men, it avoids the gross dehumanization of Sword Art Online by not being about dominance or control. Free!’s fanservice is shameless, campy, and sex-positive, while Sword Art Online’s fanservice is invasive, humorless, and controlling. Scenes like this in theory are supposed to illicit anger from the viewer at the mistreatment of a character they are supposed to like, but the direction of the scene is erotic. The camera eroticizes the act of Asuna struggling and takes advantage of the situation to showcase her exposed body to the viewer. Asuna, the second most powerful warrior of Sword Art Online, has been reduced to an object to be sexualized and humiliated. The molestation scene in episode 24 is where the theme of Asuna being objectified to motivate Kirito is the most blatant and horrifying. It’s all a show of dominance. Sugou shows his power over Kirito by hurting his woman. Asuna’s sexual objectification reaches its climax here, and essentially turns the Alfheim arc into a rape revenge story. Kirito gets to play the heroic avenger of his girlfriend’s assault, and not only defeats Sugou at his own game, he humiliates him by magically acquiring admin privileges and reducing Sugou’s level to 1. He emasculates Sugou and cripples Sugou’s real life body by increasing the pain felt in-game to unhealthy levels. It’s okay though, because Sugou deserved it because of his actions according to Kirito. Gross gross gross! Sugou is objectively a horrible person, but he’s written specifically just to anger Kirito and take away his girlfriend. Asuna becomes just a trophy for Kirito to win back, not a character with her own feelings. The audience that’s meant to sympathize with Kirito ends up thinking of Asuna as an object as well due to the framing of the show, and the show is all too gleeful to encourage the audience to think a submissive Asuna is sexy. In a show where girls are objectified for the audience, Asuna’s objectification ends up being the worse due to both the severity of her objectification and loss of power from the first arc. It’s important to recognize how narratives that serve to empower the male hero like this end up depowering the girls the male hero saves. Worse, the girls must be put in severe danger solely to motivate the male hero, and the male hero is entitled to love after saving the damsel in distress. That Sword Art Online chooses to use the lazy and misogynist cliché of turning Asuna into a sexual abuse victim is the final straw. The Alfheim arc of Sword Art Online is by far one of the worst anime storylines I’ve ever seen, yet I’ll be watching Season 2 of Sword Art Online. It’s still not a good show, but morbid curiosity and the fact that Sword Art Online is still one of the most popular shows on Crunchyroll means I have to keep watching it. Season 2 also introduces a new girl for Kirito to team up with, who’s shown to be the best sniper in the MMO Gun Gale Online. So how is this character introduced? Well, it can’t be as bad as Alfheim Online, right? This entry was tagged sword art online. Bookmark the permalink. I only just realised the toy in chains is not the character’s sister. I guess it could be worse? Yeah, this is all 100% accurate. SAO was skeevy from the beginning, but the Alfheim arc was really disgustingly bad. I didn’t realize they actually made toys of Asuna being chained up; I shouldn’t be surprised, but God that’s gross. I’m watching season 2 because…??? I’m sure it will have more gross stuff in it, but after watching the Alfheim arc, the worst of it MUST be behind us, right? I can’t help but totally agree with this. SAO’s got much fewer major characters as compared to most Shonen series, and most of them are females, probably enough for Kirito to form his own harem or something. You’ve got Silica and Lizbeth and Leafa, and while they occasionally kick asses, most of the time they’d be put on one side gushing how awesome Kirito is and all. Yeah. ALO was one of the worst arcs there is that I’ve seen; that particular scene was absolutely outrageous. If there’s anything, though, is that Asuna at least, unlike many DiDs, did managed an attempt in escaping, and could have succeeded if not for the two assistants (she could do better in stealth, I guess). Considering many other anime figurines, however, that Asuna toy didn’t come out as surprising (to me, at least)…I’ve seen Leafa and Asuna and Sinon’s figurines in deliberate poses that, well, clearly offers pure fanservice, no more no less. Think that Season 2 would be less worse? Check out the most recent episode as of today (Ep. 13, wow). As much as I liked the concept, artworks and the anime in overall, there’s definitely something off-putting the way the series treats its female characters. I loved your critique. Preach. THANK YOU. Theres no surprise, theres no spontaneity, theres no love, its like a dog and his master. Besides all that, I thought the show had a lot of potential to be super funny and provide a lot of insight to why gamers get lost in virtual realities, instead its rapey bullshit and patriarchal glorification once again.

<gh_stars>10-100 #! /usr/bin/env python """ This script generates a workflow that runs CBench and HACC data analysis executables. python3 -m pat.hacc.workflow --input-file ../inputs/hacc/<>.json-foresight.json python3 -m pat.hacc.workflow --input-file ../inputs/hacc/<>.json --analysis-cinema python3 -m pat.hacc.workflow --input-file ../inputs/hacc/<>.json --cinema python3 -m pat.hacc.workflow --input-file ../inputs/hacc/<>.json --cbench """ import sys import os import argparse from pat.utils import workflow as workflow from pat.utils import job as j from pat.utils import file_utilities as futils class HACCWorkflow(workflow.Workflow): def __init__(self, name, json_data, workflow_dir=""): # Write the new analysis file super().__init__(name, json_data, workflow_dir) # Re-write the json data to include the analysis; ["pat"]["analysis"] def create_analysis_input(self): if "analysis-results" in self.json_data["input"]: analysis_path = self.json_data["input"]["analysis-results"] else: analysis_path = self.json_data["project-home"] + self.json_data['wflow-path'] # Remove all entries if any #self.json_data['pat']['analysis'].clear() # Add analysis entries #for ana in self.json_data['pat']['analysis-tool']['analytics']: # for item in ana['type']: # json_item = { # "title" : ana['name'] + "_" + item, # "files" : [] # } # for inputItem in self.json_data['pat']['input-files']: # input_item = { # 'name' : inputItem["output-prefix"], # 'path' : analysis_path + "/" + ana['name'] + "/" + inputItem['output-prefix'] + item + ana['postfix'] # } # # json_item['files'].append(input_item) # # self.json_data['pat']['analysis'].append(json_item) # Create the analysis job def add_analysis_jobs(self): # get CBench job which is parent to all jobs in this function #cbench_job = self.jobs[0] # get CBench job which is parent to all jobs in this function has_parents = False if ( len(self.jobs) > 0): parent_job = self.jobs[0] has_parents = True # get environment script environment = self.environment_from_json_data() # get halo finder information from configuration file halo_section = "halo" halo_config = self.configuration_from_json_data(halo_section) halo_exe = self.json_data["pat"]["analysis-tool"]["analytics"][halo_section]["path"] timesteps_path = self.json_data["pat"]["analysis-tool"]["analytics"][halo_section]["timesteps-file"] config_path = self.json_data["pat"]["analysis-tool"]["analytics"][halo_section]["config-file"] parameters_path = self.json_data["pat"]["analysis-tool"]["analytics"][halo_section]["parameters-file"] # get halo distribution information from configuraiton file halo_query_section = "halo_query" halo_query_config = self.configuration_from_json_data(halo_query_section) halo_query_exe = self.json_data["pat"]["analysis-tool"]["analytics"][halo_query_section]["path"] # get spectrum information from configuration file spectrum_section = "spectrum" spectrum_config = self.configuration_from_json_data(spectrum_section) spectrum_exe = self.json_data["pat"]["analysis-tool"]["analytics"][spectrum_section]["path"] spectrum_config_path = self.json_data["pat"]["analysis-tool"]["analytics"][spectrum_section]["config-file"] # create jobs to run analysis jobs on each output file from CBench for path in self.json_data["pat"]["input-files"]: print("Creating analysis jobs for", path) prefix = path["output-prefix"] cbench_path = path["path"] timestep = cbench_path.split(".")[-1] # write halo finder parameters file # specify location of parsed configuration file inside new_parameters_path = halo_section + "/" + prefix + "_halo_params.txt" new_config_path = halo_section + "/" + prefix + "_halo_config.txt" os.system("sed \"s/^COSMOTOOLS_CONFIG.*/COSMOTOOLS_CONFIG .\/{}/\" {} > {}".format( os.path.basename(new_config_path), parameters_path, self.workflow_dir + "/" + new_parameters_path)) # write halo finder timestep file # specify from parsing the input file new_timesteps_path = halo_section + "/" + prefix + "_halo_timesteps.txt" tfile = open(self.workflow_dir + "/" + new_timesteps_path, 'w+') tfile.write(timestep) tfile.close() # write halo finder configuration file # specify output prefix inside tmp_path = "tmp.out" tmp_path2 = "tmp2.out" os.system("sed \"s/^BASE_OUTPUT_FILE_NAME.*/BASE_OUTPUT_FILE_NAME .\/{}/\" {} > {}".format( prefix, config_path, tmp_path)) os.system("sed \"s/^EXPLICIT_TIMESTEPS.*/EXPLICIT_TIMESTEPS {}/\" {} > {}".format( timestep, tmp_path, tmp_path2)) os.system("sed \"s/^ACCUMULATE_CORE_NAME.*/ACCUMULATE_CORE_NAME .\/{}/\" {} > {}".format( prefix, tmp_path2, self.workflow_dir + "/" + new_config_path)) os.remove(tmp_path) # create job for halo finder halo_job = j.Job(name="{}_{}".format(prefix, halo_section), execute_dir=halo_section, executable=halo_exe, arguments=["--config", os.path.basename(new_config_path), "--timesteps", os.path.basename(new_timesteps_path), "--prefix", cbench_path[:-len(str(timestep)) - 1], os.path.basename(new_parameters_path)], configurations=halo_config, environment=environment) # make dependent on CBench job and add to workflow #halo_job.add_parents(cbench_job) if (has_parents): halo_job.add_parents(parent_job) self.add_job(halo_job) # predict halo finder file halo_file = self.workflow_dir + "/" + halo_section + "/" + prefix + "-" + timestep + ".fofproperties" # loop over different halo SQL queries # create job for getting halo distribution sec = self.json_data["pat"]["analysis-tool"]["analytics"][halo_query_section] for i, _ in enumerate(sec["query"]): halo_query_file = self.workflow_dir + "/" + halo_query_section + "/halo_query_{}_{}.csv".format(prefix, i) args = ["--input-file", halo_file, "--output-file", halo_query_file, "--query", "\"{}\"".format(sec["query"][i]), "--xlabel", "\"{}\"".format(sec["xlabel"][i]), "--ylabel", "\"{}\"".format(sec["ylabel"][i])] if "xlim" in sec.keys(): args += ["--xlim", " ".join(map(str, sec["xlim"][i]))] if "log-bins" in sec.keys(): if sec["log-bins"][i]: args += ["--log-bins"] halo_query_job = j.Job(name="{}_{}_{}".format(prefix, halo_query_section, i), execute_dir=halo_query_section, executable=halo_query_exe, arguments=args, configurations=halo_query_config, environment=environment) self.json_data["pat"]["analysis"].append({"output-column" : "FILE_Halo_Distribution_{}".format(i), "output-prefix" : prefix, "path" : halo_query_file}) # make dependent on halo finder job halo_query_job.add_parents(halo_job) self.add_job(halo_query_job) # TODO: Automate 'TOPOLOGY' in /projects/exasky/HACC/run/inputs/indat.params # create job for power spectrum spectrum_job = j.Job(name="{}_{}".format(prefix, spectrum_section), execute_dir=spectrum_section, executable=spectrum_exe, arguments=[spectrum_config_path, "-n", cbench_path, prefix + "_spectrum", timestep], configurations=spectrum_config, environment=environment) # make dependent on CBench job and add to workflow #spectrum_job.add_parents(cbench_job) if (has_parents): spectrum_job.add_parents(parent_job) self.add_job(spectrum_job) # predict and track output files for ext in ["", ".rsd.0", ".rsd.1", ".rsd.2"]: spectrum_file = self.workflow_dir + "/" + spectrum_section + "/{}_spectrum.pk{}".format(prefix, ext) self.json_data["pat"]["analysis"].append({"output-column" : "FILE_Spectrum{}".format(ext), "output-prefix" : prefix, "path" : spectrum_file}) # Create plots for cinema + cinema database def add_cinema_plotting_jobs(self): #self.create_analysis_input() # get environment for Cinema job if "evn_path" in self.json_data["cinema-plots"]: environment = self.json_data["foresight-home"] + "/"+ self.json_data["cinema-plots"]["evn_path"] else: environment = None # get configuration for Cinema job if "configuration" in self.json_data["cinema-plots"]: configurations = list(sum(self.json_data["cinema-plots"]["configuration"].items(), ())) else: configurations = None arg1 = self.json_data["project-home"] + self.json_data['wflow-path'] + "/wflow.json" arg2 = self.json_data["project-home"] + self.json_data['wflow-path'] + "/cinema/results.cdb" plot_path = self.json_data['project-home'] + self.json_data['wflow-path'] + "/plots" # get executable for Cinema job cinema_exe = self.json_data["cinema-plots"]["path"] # create job for Cinema cinema_job = j.Job(name="cinema", execute_dir="cinema", executable="python -m pat.hacc.cinema", arguments=[ "--input-file", arg1 , "--output-file" , arg2 ], configurations=configurations, environment=environment) cinema_job.add_command("cd " + self.json_data["foresight-home"] + "/Analysis/") #cinema_job = j.Job(name="cinema", # execute_dir="cinema", # executable=cinema_exe, # arguments=["--input-file", self.workflow_dir + "/" + self.json_path], # configurations=configurations, # environment=environment) # make dependent on all previous workflow jobs and add to workflow #cinema_job.add_parents(*self.jobs) #self.add_job(cinema_job) if ( len(self.jobs) > 0): #print(self.jobs) for job in self.jobs: cinema_job.add_parents(job) self.add_job(cinema_job) else: self.add_job(cinema_job) def main(): # parse command line parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__, formatter_class=argparse.RawTextHelpFormatter) parser.add_argument("--input-file", required=True) parser.add_argument("--analysis-cinema", action="store_true", help="run analysis and cinema job only") parser.add_argument("--cbench", action="store_true", help="run cbench only") parser.add_argument("--cinema", action="store_true", help="run cinema only") parser.add_argument("--preview", action="store_true", help="preview the job, create scripts, ... but won't run") opts = parser.parse_args() # read input JSON file wflow_data = futils.read_json(opts.input_file) # create Workflow instance wflow_dir = wflow_data["project-home"] + wflow_data["wflow-path"] wflow = HACCWorkflow("wflow", wflow_data, workflow_dir=wflow_dir) # make directories if not os.path.exists(wflow_dir + "/cbench"): os.makedirs(wflow_dir + "/cbench") if not os.path.exists(wflow_dir + "/halo"): os.makedirs(wflow_dir + "/halo") if not os.path.exists(wflow_dir + "/spectrum"): os.makedirs(wflow_dir + "/spectrum") if not os.path.exists(wflow_dir + "/cinema"): os.makedirs(wflow_dir + "/cinema") # add jobs to workflow if opts.cinema: print("Run cinema only") wflow.add_cinema_plotting_jobs() elif opts.cbench: print("Run cbench only") wflow.add_cbench_job() elif opts.analysis_cinema: print("Run analysis + cinema") wflow.add_analysis_jobs() wflow.add_cinema_plotting_jobs() else: print("Run full: CBench, analysis, and Cinema") wflow.add_cbench_job() wflow.add_analysis_jobs() wflow.add_cinema_plotting_jobs() # submit workflow if opts.preview: wflow.write_submit() else: wflow.write_submit() wflow.submit() if __name__== "__main__": main()

People who have higher blood glucose levels and poorer control of those levels are more likely to develop eye-related complications 10 years later, according to a study. Pascale Massin, of Hopital Lariboisiere, Paris, and colleagues in the Data From an Epidemiological Study on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome (DESIR) Study Group examined the retinas of 700 men and women (average age 52) who were enrolled in the study. Over the preceding nine years, their fasting plasma glucose levels and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c, a measure of blood glucose control over time) had been tracked. In that time, 235 had diabetes (defined as being treated for the disease or having a glucose level of 126 milligrams per deciliter or higher at least once), 227 had an impaired fasting plasma glucose level (110 to 125 milligrams per deciliter) and 238 always had glucose levels within normal limits (less than 110 milligrams per deciliter). Of the participants, 44 were classified as having retinopathy, including 19 with diabetes, 19 with impaired fasting glucose levels and six with normal glucose levels. Compared with those without retinopathy, those with the condition had higher average levels of fasting plasma glucose 10 years prior (130 vs. 106 milligrams per deciliter) and higher HbA1c (6.4 percent vs. 5.7 percent). "Levels of HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose at baseline were related to the presence of retinopathy 10 years later, and the levels at which the positive predictive values increased provide a rationale for the choice of thresholds for the definition of hyperglycemia associated with 10-year retinopathy," the authors wrote. The study has been published in the Archives of Ophthalmology.

Exodus, book of The word Exodus is Greek and means a “departure”; the book is so called because it describes the departure of the Israelites out of Egypt. A continuation of the narrative in Genesis, it consists of two principal divisions: (1) historical, Ex. 1–18; (2) legislative, Ex. 19–40. - The first division tells us of the oppression of Israel in Egypt, under a dynasty of kings that “knew not Joseph”; the early history and call of Moses; the various steps by means of which the deliverance was at last accomplished; the Exodus itself, along with the institution of the Passover as a commemoration of it, and the sanctification of the firstborn (12:37–13:16); the march to the Red Sea, destruction of Pharaoh’s army, and Moses’ song of victory (13:17–15:21); events on the journey from the Red Sea to Sinai; the bitter waters of Marah, the giving of quails and the manna, the observance of the Sabbath, the miraculous gift of water at Rephidim, and the battle there with the Amalekites (15:22–17:16); the arrival of Jethro in the camp and his advice as to the civil government of the people (18). - The second division describes the solemn events at Sinai. The people are set apart “as a kingdom of priests and an holy nation” (19:6); the Ten Commandments are given and are followed by the code of laws intended to regulate the social life of the people (20–23); an Angel is promised as their guide to the promised land, and the covenant between God and Moses and the 70 elders is ratified (23:20–24:18); instructions are given respecting the tabernacle, its furniture and worship (25:1–31:18). Then follows the account of the sin of the people in the matter of the golden calf (32:1–34:35); and lastly, the construction of the tabernacle and provision for its services (35:1–40:33). The book of Exodus thus gives the early history of the nation in three clearly marked stages: first, a nation enslaved; then a nation redeemed; lastly, a nation set apart and, through the blending of its religious and political life, consecrated to the service of God.

Please will someone help me. I think testicular torsion could be the most likely cause but I hope not and don't have all the symptoms. Will anyone help I only want to go to the dr if it's an extreme emergency as I don't want to lose my balls. Ok my symptoms are pain in the left testicle and a lump the pain has lasted three days which is why I don't want torsion. I can't think how I could have got torsion and the pain comes and goes I am thirteen and have recently been able to ejaculate give me an answer soon as if the pain doesn't stop I will go to dr's day after tomorrow will anyone please help? I don't want to go to my parents yet or docks as both may get.....touch feely. Please please please help and get back to me soon. It doesn't have to be testicular torsion, you could have a bacterial infection but you do need to get it checked out. If it was torsion it is likely you wouldn't be able to stand or walk. If you are in that much pain then you do need to see your doctor, ASAP, or you do risk losing a testicle. The doctor is likely going to have to palpate your testicles. It's OK, they've seen lots of testicles. Thank you so much I have done and they said it was nothing except growth and a build up of sperm. Your reply really helped thankyou so much. Thanks Sam, yes, that can happen.

her first-hand experiences as a child under McCarthy's tutelage. Steele will also display an oil painting by Miss McCarthy. The "Arts Alive!" exhibit includes two pastels by McCarthy, who was a student of 19th century painter Frank Duveneck. 2011 "Cincinnati Landscape Invitational" Cincinnati Art Galleries, 225 E. 6th Street. Featured paintings by popular artists. “SHADES OF PASTEL” April 2005 Maryland Pastel Society, National Juried Exhibition at BlackRock Center for the Arts. Marlene Steele's work is collected in numerous corporate and private collections. COPYRIGHT © MARLENE STEELE 2011. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

OVERLAND PARK, Kan. – Sprint officials say they have started to notify employees of job cuts in the next month at the company’s Overland Park headquarters. The company confirmed to 41 Action News is plans to lay off up to 500 employees. Spokesman Dave Tovar said the company reviewed its operations in an effort to operate more efficiently and effectively. "Unfortunately, that means that we will be eliminating a number of positions across the company," the company said in a statement to 41 Action News. "Our frontline retail and customer care teams will not be impacted." The company said in the release that eliminating jobs is never easy. "Some employees have already been notified and while this is an ongoing process, team leaders will continue to work through this over the next several weeks," the company said.

|Title||Channel Currents Fact Sheet| |Year of Publication||2015| |Institution||Michigan Sea Grant| Channeling is the result of channel currents and is compared to a river running parallel to the shore. Wind pushes water between the shore and some kind of structure, like an island. When the wind blows in the right direction, the water is forced through a narrow area, bottlenecking the flow and creating a strong current. The Michigan Sea Grant fact sheet library consists of reader-friendly, informative fact sheets on a variety of Great Lakes-related topics. For more information on the Channel Currents Fact Sheet: Contact: Ron Kinnunen Phone: (906) 226-3687 Email: [email protected] All of our fact sheets are available for free download.

Live bait is definitely the best and surest strategy to catch trout. If there are trout within the water, there’s a likelihood that stay bait might be the simplest bait for them unless they occur to be very properly fed. Usually times trout are launched from a hatchery and within the wild do not know what to eat so they’re often very hungry and can take just about any stay bait. Especially for kids I recommend starting your trout fishing expertise with live bait. Although any such fishing line could be very similarly composed in feel and look to monofilament line, it is extremely different. They don’t seem to be as versatile in stretching and tend to not be as durable to breaking as monofilament line, despite the fact that the line is identical diameter as most monofilament exams. They’re additionally extra translucent in appearance than that of different fishing strains. I think we had been both proper. This is for apparent causes. Flatfish halibut types belonging to the Pleuronectidae household or flounder in the best eye. These fish have an eye on both sides after start, nonetheless, after a period of 6 months one eye migrates to the other facet, giving him a fish Nordic look. Greenland is the biggest within the vary of flatfish and dwell both in the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans. With a mean weight of about 11 to thirteen.5 kg, these fish are extremely prized as meals for fish. Its massive measurement gives it “Sea Cow” the frequent title. In the North Pacific commercial halibut fishery dates again to the 19. Immediately, fisheries within the North Pacific are probably the most profitable and largest in the area. Within the U.S. and Canadian waters of the North Pacific region, these halibut are caught by longline fishing approach, where the bait (especially beef and octopus) are connected to circular hooks at regular intervals. Then we are going to see methods to catch a grouper. Pro bass fishing is just like the unusual fly fishing that we all know. The only difference is that it entails the presence of execs in fishing. These professionals are these which might be well respected within the line of fishing. They have been thought of professionals because of their dedication and love in fishing together with their contributions. To Your Success, Good Luck and Tight Lines… Dennis. Location for fishing – One factor it’s essential to completely accept about fishing is that it isn’t straightforward. Some consultants have performed it repeatedly to get where they are at present. Most of the instances, they have sailed in the ocean to catch some fish amounted to nothing. You shouldn’t really feel dangerous for those who catch nothing. As time goes on, you’ll even discover ways to find an excellent fishing ground. It is a place the place totally different fishes like to swim. If you will fish as you anticipate, locate the baitfish. Fish will naturally move where the bait is. If you can find this place, the better your odds of fishing becomes. On the other hand an open face spin caster requires a bit extra talent. After getting change into more skillful at casting and have mastered smooth casting and release timing you’re ready to move to the following level. The main difference between a closed face and open face reel is obviously that the open face just isn’t fully encased. It has a greater line capacity, and the release mechanism is extra of a lever. The lever itself enables you to use your thumb to find out the amount of line that’s let out throughout the cast. This permits for extra correct casting. In contrast to the closed confronted model the talent your need to develop with the open faced mannequin is accuracy and control. With closed face models you wish to casting from power and open faced fashions you’re casting with skill. Which gentle plastic to use? You could have a gigantic selection of new and highly advantageous elements and flavors to select from to get greater edges over more cautious big fish and fulfil distinctive dietary requirements. He buys an island and buries his thousands and thousands within the sand.

I always loved the tasty, dill pickles that my grandmother canned. To me, they were simply the best ... I guess because they were hers. So much for that. Now, we'll go out to the patch. When we harvested cucumbers, they couldn't be the big, yellowish over-ripe ones nor could they be the little, scrawny, too-small babies. They had to be medium size, supposedly indicating that they were just right for eating or pickling. Well, at any rate, Grandmother grew perhaps just a row or two for her and her family's personal use, but the cucumbers that are the subject of this blog were the ones grown in a not-too-small patch to be harvested by someone other than the grower. This is where me and my brothers and sisters came in. I remember (as a kid) two patches that we picked from. With each field, I remember working in them only one summer ... which, for me, were two summers too long. Anyway, my father had some kind of internal "farmer's radar" that instinctively led him to plots of land where anything was ready to be harvested, and, of course, he dragged us along - as usual. Cucumbers are vegetables that "breed" fast. It seems like one day you see a small, baby, thumb-size veggie, then the next day, it's a full-grown adult cucumber with pimples and all. That's when they're ready for harvesting. Three things I didn't like about picking this little, green veggie. One, cucumbers are harvested in the hot summertime. We'd arrive at the patch as early as possible, because it takes a long time to turn the vines and look through the green leaves for ripe, green cucumbers. Even in a small patch, with several people working, the picking had to be done so slowly that it was hot before you realized it. Our goal was to get done as early as possible and retreat to a nice, cool, shady spot. The second thing is that cucumbers have a slight moist, sticky coating that clings to your fingers. At the end of the day, your hands are pasted brown with the residue from the cucumbers. We literally had to scrape this grime off our hands. Yikes! And thirdly, cucumbers are grown on low vines that seem to cling to the earth, and we usually had to crawl on the ground or bend over (back-wrenching pain) to gather in the crop. Neither position is favored, but it's one or the other. The work has to be done. But I was glad that we picked those little green sticks only two summers. As a post script, I always wondered why the farmers who planted those "cukes" didn't pick them themselves or at least have their children harvest them. I guess since we were available, no one else volunteered to help. Well, at least we got paid ... a little, and New Yorkers ate Arkansas dill or sweet pickles during their wintertime feasts.

So far, Disciples of Uecker has worked pretty well as a small operation, but in the interest of providing the best Brewers coverage at least daily and perhaps more often, I would like to add some more contributors here at Disciples of Uecker. For those of you who are interested in contributing, send me an email at moore DOT jackh AT gmail DOT com with a sample of your writing. It can be a completely original work or something you’ve already posted at another site; it most certainly does not have to be timely. I just want to see what you can do to set yourself apart from the Brewers coverage or general baseball coverage available everywhere else. And a note: obviously I’m a statistically-oriented baseball fan, but that doesn’t mean every item posted on this site has to be loaded with crazy acronyms and decimal points. If you can paint an interesting picture with the English language, that’s fantastic and would certainly be welcome here, regardless of your use of numbers. Oh, and a second note: this would be an unpaid position, but hopefully the exposure and some opportunities to be featured on the ESPN baseball page will make the time worth your while! Thanks to everyone who applies in advance and I look forward to the submissions! Excited to see more articles posted here. Such a great read every time. (already sent my writing sample!) I sent my e-mail in already. Excited for the opportunity. Just an FYI, I sent Jack a 47,000 word thesis on Gus Gandarillas and I barely got hired.

Well stated, it's tough to judge a book by it's cover. Of all the ways of figuring out skill, level is one of the more ineffective ones. Under the new system Champion Level is more an indicator of how invested someone is in a Champion. It pretty much always was, if you consider boosters, bot games etc. I think it gives us a ton of possibilities for future rewards and unlocks. Just a matter of figuring out what kind of cool cosmetics etc can be introduced. I personally like that this is one of the cleanest and clearest systems we've tried. Do A, get B.

What is HIV Vaccine Awareness Day? May 18 will mark this year’s HIV Vaccine Awareness Day (HVAD), acknowledging the work of health professionals, scientists, volunteers and members of the community working together to find a safe and effective vaccine for HIV. As well as offering recognition to those developing an HIV vaccine, this awareness day also aims to educate the public on the importance of preventative HIV vaccine research. It is estimated that 34 million people across the world have contracted the HIV virus, making it a serious global pandemic. In the UK alone, there are around 100,000 people living with the condition and between the years 1981 and 2007 more than 25 million people died from the virus. At the moment there is no cure for HIV, but luckily scientists over the years have come to learn a great deal about the nature of the disease and how it can be treated to protect the lives of those living with the virus. Nevertheless, there is still much more research needed in order to develop a reliable and effective vaccine for HIV. A preventative vaccine could help save millions of lives and save billions of dollars each year in treatment costs. In recent years, a number of prevention strategies have been developed in an attempt to halt the spread of the HIV virus, including voluntary adult male circumcision and treatments that prevent the transmission of the virus from mother to baby during pregnancy. However, with over 2.7 million cases of HIV infection in 2010 alone, combining these preventative measures with a reliable vaccine will hopefully put an end to this current global pandemic. Many agencies are working together to develop and test HIV vaccines including the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in America, universities, foundations, non-profit organisations and bio tech drug companies. Also, more the 28,000 volunteers have participated in related research studies. For example, in 2009 a vaccine tested in Thailand was able to cut down the rate of HIV infections by one third, giving hope that an effective vaccine may be just around the corner. A vaccine for HIV could also be used as a therapeutic treatment for those who already have the HIV virus in their system, slowing down, or even stopping the infection from turning into AIDS. HIV can hide from the antibodies that protect the body; this makes it a tricky virus to develop a vaccine against. There are also many different types of HIV and the virus changes rapidly, even within a single infected person. At the moment, those infected with the HIV virus can be treated with antiretroviral therapy, which prevents the HIV virus progressing into full-blown AIDS. Drug therapy treatments are however complicated, expensive and can sometimes cause severe side effects. These treatments also have to be taken every single day, to protect the lives of those who have contracted the HIV virus. It is believed that there are approximately 21,900 people living in the UK at the moment who are unaware that they may have contracted HIV; this is why raising awareness of the disease and the search for a vaccine is so important. Visit the official HIV Vaccine Awareness Day website and get involved with discussions on HIV research on social media. Buy a red ribbon to wear on your lapel to show your support for the cause on 18 May. Read all the facts about HIV Vaccine research and find out how you can volunteer for an HIV research study. Posted on May 16, 2014 June 5, 2014 by Dr Tony Steele in Health News.

In this ever-evolving, fast-paced business world, grasping the fundamentals of bookkeeping is a paramount skill all business-minded individuals need to understand. It's more than just recording transactions; it's about equipping yourself with the knowledge to make informed financial decisions. Understanding the Importance of Bookkeeping Bookkeeping involves systematically recording and organizing a firm's financial transactions. Efficient bookkeeping primarily provides two major benefits: - It helps in understanding your business's financial standing facilitating strategic planning. - Compliant and efficient bookkeeping practices help meet tax and legal obligations. By ensuring you have an accurate record of all your financial transactions, bookkeeping becomes the fundamental building block of a successful business assessment and future growth strategy. What are Journal Entries? Journal entries are the first step in the accounting process at the most basic level. They consist of a debit and a credit entry, representing the transaction's impact on different accounts. The fundamental principle of every journal entry is that the total debits must equal the total credits. Hence, understanding how to create these entries ensures you capture a comprehensive picture of your financial activities, which is essential for effective bookkeeping. Definition and Importance of Bookkeeping Bookkeeping is the systematic recording and organizing of financial transactions in a company. It ensures accurate documentation of a business's financial activities, clearly presenting its financial history and current status. It forms the foundation of the accounting process and is essential for - Ensuring accurate financial records. - Facilitating timely financial reporting. - Aiding in decision-making. The Role of Bookkeeping in Financial Management Bookkeeping plays a critical role in financial management. It provides a detailed record of all financial transactions, from sales to expenses. This valuable data forms the basis for financial analysis, budgeting, and forecasting. It helps businesses: - Plan and control their financial resources efficiently. - Compile their financial statements. - Support tax filings and audit procedures. Key Elements of Bookkeeping Bookkeeping involves five key elements: transactions, journals, ledgers, trial balances, and financial statements. - Transactions refer to the business activities that have a financial impact. - Journals are the preliminary records where transactions first get recorded. - Ledgers organize these transactions into different accounts. - The trial balance ensures that the books are balanced, i.e., the sum of debits equals the sum of credits. - Finally, financial statements like income, balance, and cash flow statements summarize a business's financial health. Understanding these basics is the first step towards mastering bookkeeping and creating journal entries. Diving into Journal Entries Let's cut to the chase and delve straight into the core of bookkeeping: journal entries. Definition and Importance of Journal Entries A journal entry, in accounting, is a record of a business transaction made in the company's books. It showcases the debits and credits between accounts, illustrating the movement of value in your business operations. Journal entries retain a comprehensive history of financial events in your business. These records are invaluable in informing stakeholders about a company's financial position, profitability, cash flow, and other crucial details. Types of Journal Entries Though not an exhaustive list, given below are the three primary types of journal entries used in bookkeeping - Simple Entry: This is when a transaction involves only two accounts — one account gets debited, and the other gets credited. - Compound Entry: A transaction that affects more than two accounts. - Adjusting Entry: Journal entries that bring the accounts up to date at the end of the accounting period. How to Record Journal Entries The process of recording journal entries is pretty simple. Each entry must include - - Date of the transaction - Accounts affected - Quantities for each debit or credit - A brief explanation of the transaction. The total debits must equal the total credits. This principle ensures the accounting equation (Assets = Liabilities + Owners’ Equity) stays balanced. Understanding and mastering journal entries are critical to successful bookkeeping and the overall success of your financial management. Understanding Accounting Basics Ultimately, accounting is the systematic and comprehensive process of recording financial transactions pertaining to a business. It's the lifeline that fuels the analysis, summarization, and reporting of these transactions to oversight agencies, regulators, and tax collection authorities. The Role of Accounting in Business Accounting provides detailed insight into the financial health of a company — essentially the heart and the mind of the business. It offers an overview of the company's profitability and liquidity, which is essential for internal and external stakeholders. It helps in strategic decision-making and plays a pivotal role in planning for future growth. Understanding where your money comes from and where it's going is fundamental to running a successful business. Difference between Bookkeeping and Accounting While bookkeeping and accounting are essential to any business, they differ in several ways. Bookkeeping is the process of recording the company's daily financial transactions consistently, which is a key component to building a financially successful business. Conversely, accounting is more subjective and involves interpreting, classifying, analyzing, reporting, and summarizing financial data. Understanding Debits and Credits In accounting, every financial transaction is recorded in two accounts—Debits and Credits. Debits are typically noted on the left side of a ledger and represent assets and expenses. Credits, on the right side, represent income and liabilities. The relationship between debits and credits forms the fundamental framework of 'double-entry' bookkeeping. This standard method ensures that the books are always balanced. Grasping this transactional balance helps maintain accuracy in your financial record keeping. Financial Record Keeping Financial record-keeping is an integral part of managing a business. If not done correctly, it can lead to major pitfalls, including the inability to analyze financial performance, legal issues, and even bankruptcy! Importance of Financial Record-Keeping The importance of financial record keeping can't be overstressed. Records ensure your business's financial information is organized, making it easier to assemble your financial statements and tax returns when the time comes. It also helps you track the health and success of the business, providing concrete data on expenses, revenues, and overall performance. Basic Principles of Good Financial Record-Keeping Good financial record-keeping is built on a few fundamental principles: - Accuracy: Double-check all details to ensure your records are correct. - Consistency: Always follow the same method of bookkeeping. - Regularity: Update records at a set time or when changes occur. Practical Tips for Small Business Financial Record-Keeping Effective small business financial record keeping requires a proactive approach: - Use digital tools: Bookkeeping software can automate and streamline processes. - Hire a professional: An accountant or bookkeeper can ensure your financial records are in top shape. - Prepare for audits: Good record-keeping makes audits stress-free and less likely to end in fines. Applying these principles and tips will lay the groundwork for a financially healthy business that is ready to grow and succeed. Small Business Accounting Running a small business is no small feat. Overseeing operations, managing employees, negotiating with suppliers, and keeping a strong eye on the financials can be daunting. That's where accounting practices sail in, as beacons in this rough sea of responsibility. Importance of Accounting in Small Business Accounting is often mistaken as a tedious paperwork activity when, in reality, it's the lifeblood of your business. It offers a clear picture of your financial standing, which is essential for: - Making informed business decisions - Keeping a positive cash flow - Identifying lucrative financial opportunities and potential pitfalls - Complying with tax obligations and official reporting Key Accounting Practices for Small Businesses To make the most of your accounting practices, consider these key strategies: - Accurately record transactions and update them regularly - Segregate personal and business finances - Use appropriate accounting software - Routinely check financial statements - Implement a systematic invoice tracking system Common Accounting Mistakes Small Businesses Make Mistakes happen, but in accounting, they can cost you more than a headache. Here are some common missteps to watch out for: - Procrastinating bookkeeping tasks - Ignoring the significance of cash flow management - Negligence in record-keeping - Not utilizing professional help when needed - Overlooking small transactions Understanding these basics of small business accounting can go a long way in ensuring your business sails smoothly through the financial seas. Mastering the basics of journal entries and bookkeeping is a valuable skill for any entrepreneur or business owner. It lets you understand how money flows into, through, and out of your business, helping you make informed decisions about the future. So don’t let the complexity intimidate you! You've taken the first steps towards effective financial management by mastering the foundational elements of bookkeeping and journal entries. Continuous learning and improvement in this area can only benefit you and your business. Remember, a solid grasp of these basics will ensure the financial health of your enterprise and lay the groundwork for your ongoing success.

Shelters Feel Effects of Insurance Industry Troubles Shelter managers can weather the market by educating themselves about coverage and potential liabilities. January 1, 2001 Show Me the Money Surveys of shelter salaries may help you determine appropriate compensation packages for your organization's employees. September 1, 1999 On-Call Employee Compensation Policies Our shelter has just taken on animal control contracting for the region, and we're wondering how to formulate policies concerning payment for "on call" duty.

No, theres no lesson on trust here because it wasnt a trust exercise. The kids knew they'd done wrong, they pulled a prank and the teacher found out about it and took revenge (I'm not saying thats okay mind you). In normal situations its not abnormal for a teacher to refuse to let a child go to the toilet if they've just had a break. The teacher did give the opportunity to confess though, there was no manipulation in that respect. Also these kids are 14, theyre old enough to know if theyre about to shit themselves and whilst he mightve got into minor trouble for going to the bathroom without permission, if he was in that dire a situation its really what he shouldve done. Side note, the teacher could push for expulsion on the terms these kids technically tried to poison him.

Family suffers another tragedy By Eva Ruth Moravec | July 4, 2012 | Updated: July 5, 2012 2:51am For one San Antonio father, the process of burying an adult daughter is all too familiar. Just months after one of Jose Izaguirre's four daughters apparently committed suicide, a second daughter died early Wednesday after a crash on the West Side involving a drunken-driving suspect — the victim's boyfriend. Izaguirre said he'd tried to keep that daughter, Ashley Rae Izaguirre, 25, away from her boyfriend but was unsuccessful. “She chose him, unfortunately,” Jose Izaguirre said. “She always went for the bad boys.” Ashley Izaguirre died at University Hospital around 1 a.m., about an hour after the crash, the Bexar County medical examiner's office said. Her boyfriend, Danny Wayne Johnson, 25, was booked by proxy on one count of intoxication manslaughter at University Hospital, where he was being treated for minor injuries. A judge set bail at $60,000. At 11:50 p.m. Tuesday, a San Antonio police officer in a parking lot on Bandera Road saw an eastbound Toyota blow by at an estimated at 80 to 100 mph. The officer said he pulled out of the lot to pursue the car and found the crash at Stonegate Drive before the dust from the wreck had settled. Johnson's car had crashed into the front of a pickup trying to turn left from Stonegate, police said. The impact sent the Toyota into the westbound lanes, where it rolled over and crashed into a wrought-iron fence. Elizabeth Leos, 22, and her daughter Abigail, 6, who were in the pickup, were taken to University Hospital with minor injuries. Besides alcohol, Johnson might have been under the influence of drugs, police said. Records show that he had been arrested on drug charges, most recently in 2009, when he was charged with possession with intent to deliver a controlled substance. As the officer approached the scene, he saw Johnson crawl out of his upside-down wrecked vehicle. Johnson was “frantically moving around the scene,” police said, asking the officer if he could make a phone call and saying that his wife was still in the car. The wreck occurred just 10 minutes before the Fourth of July, which is the deadliest day nationwide for alcohol-related crashes, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. “My sister didn't drink; she was a sweet girl,” said Todd Bryant, 45, Ashley Izaguirre's stepbrother. “I'm angry and I'm hurt; it's a double whammy for us.” In March, Izaguirre's sister Tammy Irle, 40, was found dead in a Northeast Side motel room. Her boyfriend reportedly told Jose Izaguirre and Bryant that she'd hanged herself. He was arrested on unrelated warrants, according to an incident report. The couple had been having problems, the report states, and Jose Izaguirre said Irle's boyfriend sometimes caused her to fear for her life. The medical examiner's office ruled Irle's death a suicide. “Of course, you're going to worry about your kids. I raised my daughters in the right way,” Izaguirre said. “I'm not perfect, but I'm decent. I told them to find someone who takes care of them, but my daughters had a bad life with the men they picked.” Just after her sister died, Ashley Izaguirre gave birth to her second son, Blezonte, whose father is Johnson. The infant was placed in the care of Jose Izaguirre; Ashley Izaguirre's older son, Jayden, 3, lives with his father. Despite not living with either son, Ashley Izaguirre was trying to improve her life and bring her family back together, her father said. She was working for Metro News Teleservices and seemed to be happy, Jose Izaguirre said. “We've gone through too many devastating things. I don't know why it's all happening,” he said. “I just have to live one day at a time and hope that justice will be served.” emoravec@express-news.net Twitter: @EvaRuth

How Can You Prevent Being Hit By A Falling Object? Construction accidents don't have to happen in most cases. Many incidents that happen are a result of mistakes, a lack of preparation or simply not following safety rules on the job. Employers may try to take shortcuts to save money, too. Of the construction accidents that can happen, one common type is when a worker is hit by a falling object. This can happen in a variety of instances. For example, if one worker is installing an outdoor window on the second floor and drops a drill, that drill could fall and strike someone who is working below. Even with a hard hat and other safety gear, a hit from a heavy object falling from a high place can be painful and cause injury. That's why workers who are above others need to secure their tools. Taking the time to secure a tool to prevent it from falling if it's dropped could be a life-saving choice. Some simple ways to do this include: - Securing tools with a strap - Hooking your tools on a belt loop - Using a specific tether or other approved safety equipment to secure your tools What Injuries Do Workers Suffer From Falling Objects? Those who are struck by falling objects may suffer from traumatic brain injuries, lacerations, contusions, and other injuries, depending on where they're struck. They may need to seek emergency care. In severe cases, they could be killed by being struck by a falling object. If you are hit by falling objects on the job, remember that you can speak up. Safety is a necessary component on a construction site, and no one should be taking shortcuts to try to finish a job or work faster if it means putting others at risk.

Measures taken in the current Ebola outbreak may hold some clues for how to handle samples brought back to Earth from Mars, a place that could potentially host extraterrestrial microbes. The 1971 sci-fi film "The Andromeda Strain" dramatized the idea of alien organisms infecting the Earth. Based on a novel by Michael Crichton, the film depicts the spread of an alien germ brought back to Earth by a satellite. An elite team of specialists responds, relying on protective hazmat suits, decontamination and disinfection safety levels, and a secret, high-tech underground facility named Wildfire to study and deal with the deadly extraterrestrial organism. NASA officials have wanted to build and launch a robotic lander that scoops up some Martian samples and returns them to Earth. Similarly, a human expedition to Mars would surely hunt for past or present evidence of life on the Red Planet. Hauling back Martian samples means potentially dealing with biological "hot property," as well as public concern about creepy crawlers from Mars eating away at Earth's biosphere. [The Search for Life on Mars (A Photo Timeline)] Space.com asked some key astrobiologists if today's Ebola outbreak might have any lessons for future sample-return plans from Mars. Practice, practice, practice "While the Ebola situation bears no resemblance to a sample-return mission to Mars, there is a concern that the public could link the two if not properly informed," said John Rummel, a professor of biology at East Carolina University in Greenville, North Carolina. Rummel is a former chair of the Panel on Planetary Protection of the International Council for Science's Committee on Space Research (COSPAR), and is a member of the NASA Advisory Council's Planetary Protection Subcommittee. Rummel told Space.com that a Mars sample would be contained from the time it leaves Mars until it is proven not to pose a biohazard threat. "Even more important than the containment facility in which the testing will be done is the fact that scientists will 'practice, practice, practice' to ensure that the sample is contained until shown to be safe for release," Rummel said. The "very tragic set of events" of the current Ebola outbreak may indeed raise public fears about handling potentially infected samples, said Catharine Conley, Planetary Protection Officer at NASA Headquarters in Washington DC. "In that context," Conley said, "it is true that the greater public awareness of issues related to hazardous materials not being contained properly, and particularly the unfortunate examples of false negatives — like the person not appearing to be sick when he got off the plane in Dallas — do make it easier to communicate similar concerns in the area of planetary protection." The current outbreak also highlights "the need to have good protocols in place prior to bringing potentially hazardous materials back to Earth, and having a very careful and well-tested plan for how to determine that they are 'safe,'" Conley told Space.com. "This is something planetary protection has been working on for quite a while now … but recent events demonstrate how important it is for Earth safety to avoid false negatives, as well as avoiding false positives to protect human activities at Mars," Conley said. "I see many issues that we know are a problem being illustrated by the mass reaction, kerfuffle, and misinformation and misunderstanding surrounding Ebola," said Penelope Boston, an astrobiologist and director of the Cave and Karst Studies Program at the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology in Socorro. Boston is a geomicrobiologist and astrobiologist with more than 35 years experience. "If I were personally going to deal with an agent like Ebola I would go train for six months at a Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4) containment facility before I trusted myself to work with the virus," Boston said. "I would always have a safety officer bird-dogging my every movement — the buddy system — that is employed in so many hazardous military and civilian contexts," she said. When going into dangerous and potentially deadly environments, like the sulfuric acid cave in Tabasco, situated in southern Mexico, Boston said, a dedicated safety monitor is part of the exploration team. "That's because no person can both keep their mind on the intensive scientific work they are doing and be absolutely assured of their own adherence to very fussy safety procedures," Boston told Space.com. "And of course, with spacecraft, we also have the issue of organic chemical cleanliness to deal with, because that could seriously affect the results of highly sensitive life-detection experiments," Boston said. "So the space exploration case is a double-whammy that we are developing protocols to deal with." Quarantine and containment The Center for Disease Control (CDC) has guidelines for all types of biological pathogens, and NASA has worked with the health agency in planning for Mars, said Margaret Race, a senior research scientist at the SETI Institute in Mountain View, California. Race focuses on the scientific, technical, legal and societal issues of ensuring that missions to the Red Planet and other solar system bodies do not either inadvertently bring Earth microbes to Mars, which would complicate the search for indigenous extraterrestrial life, or return any microbes to Earth. [Mars Myths and Misconceptions: A Quiz] The CDC has designated different levels of containment. The most virulent agents are kept in Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4) and have "special" protocols. "The CDC generally works with known pathogens, but also oversees all types," Race said. "If in doubt, keep it contained and continue to study it," she told Space.com. "Quarantine and containment requirements are updated as needed, for example in response to things like Ebola." NASA developed its draft Mars sample handling and testing protocols in coordination with experts from CDC and other regulatory agencies, Race said. Red Planet protocols NASA's protocols for Mars samples will take into account both safety and scientific accuracy, Race said. "Clearly, science considerations also apply," she said. "According to studies by the U.S. National Research Council, the risks of Mars sample return materials are deemed very low, but not zero." NASA will take a deliberately conservative view in handling pristine returned Martian materials, Race aid. This is both for planetary protection considerations, as noted in Outer Space Treaty requirements that are promulgated by COSPAR, and to protect the scientific integrity of the samples. "Protocols will be updated well in advance of any sample return mission from Mars. There's already a comprehensive process of review and integration of planetary protection requirements that has been endorsed for implementation well in advance of any sample return mission," Race emphasized. "Obviously, any Mars sample return plans will comply with the most up-to-date CDC and other requirements," Race concluded. Leonard David has been reporting on the space industry for more than five decades. He is former director of research for the National Commission on Space and is co-author of Buzz Aldrin's 2013 book "Mission to Mars – My Vision for Space Exploration," published by National Geographic. Follow us @Spacedotcom, Facebook and Google+. Original article on Space.com.

? WrestleMania celebrity Mickey Rourke is receiving some backlash for his repeated use of a gay slang word (f-g). Jarrett Barrios, president of The Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD), issued the following statement today to TMZ.com: “This is a slur that, regardless of what Mickey Rourke has convinced himself that it means, is often the last word that gay people, and gay youth in particular, hear before they’re bullied, harassed or assaulted. Rourke either needs to figure this out, or media needs to stop giving him a platform for promoting these kinds of slurs.” Rourke has defended himself, saying that the word “f-ggot” has “nothing to do with gay” and that it’s the same as “punkass.” TMZ.com has a wild video of Rourke cussing and using the word over and over again. ? The Raw brand’s tour of Central America and Mexico saw three sellouts in four shows, peaking on September 26th in Guadalajara with a sellout crowd of 11,000 fans paying $600,000. The Smackdown crew also played to mostly full houses, including shows on the 26th and 27th in Paris, both of which sold out with 15,000 fans and drew over $1 million each night.

While it is famous today, the Lion Monument (Löwendenkmal) enjoyed great fame in the 19th century and harks back to a very different era, when nation states were just emerging in Europe. The stone sculpture dates from 1821 and was created by Lukas Ahorn to a design by Berthel Thowaldsen. It shows a dying lion, in an allegory for over eight hundred Swiss mercenaries who died in service in 1792. They belonged to the Swiss regiment which served French king Louis XVI, and were defending the Tuileries in Paris where the French royal family were living during the French revolution against revolutionaries. The royal family had long since fled, so the mercenaries were defending an empty palace. The inscription gives the names of the officers killed and the approximate numbers of soldiers.

Due to both health and environmental reasons, there has been increased interest in goat’s milk as an alternative to cow’s milk. The process of making goat’s milk in general is less costly and may have less impact on the environment. In addition to milk, people are also looking at using goat’s milk as the base for butter and cheese. You may find goat’s milk more often now in the grocery stores as the demand for it grows. Worldwide, the use of goat's milk is actually higher than that of cow's milk. While cow and goat milk are similar in their basic composition, goat's milk does provide some benefits over that of cow’s milk. People with lactose intolerance cannot process the sugar that is naturally found in milk. As a result, they may have bloating, cramping, diarrhea and increased gas. Since goat's milk has a little less lactose than cow's milk, some people may find goat's milk easier to digest. There are a few differences between cow’s milk and goat’s milk in regards to vitamins and minerals. Cow’s milk has more calcium, vitamin A, vitamin B6 (riboflavin), vitamin B-12, folic acid and potassium. Goat’s milk has more niacin, copper and the antioxidant selenium. Goat’s milk is a good source of high quality protein and has about the same amount of protein as cow’s milk. The protein in goat’s milk reacts with the stomach acids forming a soft curd that is easier to digest. As a result, the milk is processed quicker and may not stay in the stomach as long, which may decrease reflux. There is also less casein in goat’s milk, which may make it less allergenic. Goat’s milk contains a little more fat than cow’s whole milk. However, goat’s milk contains short-chain and medium-chain fatty acids that are easier to digest. Because goat's milk does not contain agglutinin, a protein found in cow’s milk, it does not need to be homogenized. The fat globules in goat’s milk do not cluster together like they do in cow's milk, making it easier for the body to digest. With many infants having problems with formula intolerance, goat’s milk formula may be an alternate choice. It is still best to first try soy-based formula or hypoallergenic formula. With the help of your pediatrician and nutritionist, goat’s milk formula may be a safe alternative, but usually needs additional nutrients added to it. Goat’s milk may be an alternative to cow’s milk for those who need it. Goat’s milk has some properties that may make it easier to digest and less allergenic. However, it is important to keep in mind some of the differences in vitamin content.

Aim and Content The course includes the following main subjects: (i)Energy production ; (ii)Chemical reactions in the atmosphere; (iii) Water chemistry and water pollution; (iv) Chemistry in the biosphere; (v) Impact of toxic compounds in the environment- natural and man-made (industry, agriculture, transport, energy production etc.)Specific subjects: utilisation of fossil fuel; gas fired and nuclear power plants; oil chemicals; green house gases; ozon chemistry; acid rain; pesticides; general industrial pollution(PCB, PAH, CFC, dioxin) After completing the course KJEM202 the student will be able to: - describe important chemical reactions in the atmosphere, including important chemical reactions in connection with smog formation, ozone chemistry and acid rain chemistry. - outline the molecular basis for the greenhouse effect. - have knowledge of water chemistry and water pollution. - have knowledge of the problems in connection with the use of fossil fuels. - be familiar with alternative energy sources. - know the major pesticides. - identify toxic pollutant such as PCBs, PAHs, CFCs, PCDDs and PCDFs. - provide an overview of compounds with hormone disruptive effect Course offered (semester) Recommended previous knowledge The final grade is based upon a final written exam (4h) (100%). Examination supporting materials during the written exam: non- programmable calculator (definite models decided by the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences). Molecular building set. The grading scale used is A to F. Grade A is the highest passing grade in the grading scale, grade F is a fail.

There isn't Alicia Keys inside. There is a mad humor in me to-day. Didn't see Evanna Lynch listing. There isn't Kit Harington inside. but wholesome, amiable, and with a touch of those human We breeze softly the puppet. That sounds reasonable, too, for the canoe does belong to Everything he Monsieur, your very audacity betrayed you.

by Peter Prentice – PolyTech Consultants Low energy plastics, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and Teflon (PTFE) are essentially “non- stick” plastics. Their molecular structure inhibits the adhesion and printing processes – this molecular structure is basically inert or inactive – these polymers are said to have a low surface energy. The surface energy or the wetability of a particular substrate is measured in dynes/cm (or ergs/cm2) and, when tested, untreated PP and PE will have a low surface energy (usually 30 to 32 dynes/cm). The most common method of determining the surface energy is to measure the contact angle of a water droplet on the substrate surface. The contact angle between the solid and the fluid is the angle measured within the fluid, between the solid surface and the tangent plane to the liquid surface at the point of intersection (see Figure 1 below). A contact angle of greater than 90° indicates that the fluid (which is ink or adhesive in this case) has not wet the surface. Conversely an angle of less than 90° means that the fluid has wet the surface – if the angle approaches zero then the surface is completely wetted by the fluid. Use of a corona, flame or other surface treatment will raise the surface energy level to values in excess of 42 dynes/cm. Ideally, the surface energy of the plastic should be 7 to 10 dynes/cm higher than the surface tension of the solvent or liquid. For example, a printing ink having a surface tension of 30 dynes/cm would not adequately wet or bond to a material having a surface energy less than 37 to 40 dynes/cm. Figure 1 Schematic Representation of Surface Tension Corona Discharge treatment is the most common method of increasing the energy level of PP and PE materials (see below). This process uses an electric current to create an ozone generating spark – a corona. The ozone within the corona reacts with the PP or PE surface to raise the energy level. While this method is very popular, it is not long lasting and the increase in the surface energy can disappear within weeks. A corona treatment system in its simplest form can be thought of as a capacitor. Voltage is applied to the top plate which, in the case of corona treatment, would be the electrode (see Figure 2 below). The dielectric portion of the capacitor would be made up of some type of roll covering, air and the substrate (film or sheet). The final component, or bottom plate, would take the form of an electrically grounded roll. In the corona treatment system the voltage build-up ionises the air in the air gap creating a corona, which modifies the surface and increases the surface energy of the substrate passing over the electrically grounded roll. The level of treatment is controlled by the energy of the discharge and the air gap. For health and safety reasons, the ozone generated in the corona must be removed from the working environment. Figure 2 Corona Treatment System The corona treatment system is introduced into the film blowing equipment usually at the top of the tower (see Figure 3 below), but not always. Some systems incorporate the treatment midway up the tower or at the base. Figure 3 Line Schematic – Top of the Tower Treatment Similarly, the corona treatment system would be included in the line of an extruded sheet line (see Figure 4) and stentered film . Figure 4 Sheet Extrusion Line Backside Treating of the web occurs when the corona (oxidised air) is present at the surface of the material. So, if the wrap is insufficient on the treater roll (see Figure 5 below), backside treatment will occur. Solutions to backside treatment range from ensuring that there is more wrap on the roll to the use of nip rolls Figure 5 Insufficient Wrap leads to Backside Treatment Flame treatment is also a common method of increasing the energy level of PP and PE materials. This process uses an oxygenated flame to create free oxygen. This free oxygen then reacts with the surface of the PP or PE and raises the surface energy level. As with corona treatment, this method is not long lasting and can disappear within weeks. Problems you might find Blocking. The greater the level of treatment, the higher the degree of oxidation of the surface. The polar groups formed by the corona have an attraction for the molecular layer on the other side of the web, and when the two sides come into contact when they are on the roll, a self-adhering condition exists. Sometimes this attraction can be greater than the internal bonds of the substrate so that delamination of the substrate can occur when the product is unrolled. The tighter the roll is wound and the longer it is in storage the more severe the problem becomes. Blocking is worse in the film at the centre of the roll. Heat Sealing. Excessive treatment also leads to problems when attempting to heat seal the product. Additives. If the polypropylene or polyethylene contain additional components, such as slip additives or some processing aids, the initial treatment is reduced over time as these additives bloom to the surface and partially mask the polar groups formed during treatment. For this reason, it is better to treat these films at the point of use rather than the point of manufacture. © PolyTech Consultants Limited, March 2001

The newly-released National Assessment of Educational Progress data provides us with a yardstick of the quality of education produced by urban school districts. According to the report, the percentage of all students scoring at or above “Proficient” in grade 8 reading (a crucial indicator of education improvement) went from 30 percent to 34 percent between 2009 and 2013. There are various ways of looking at this. One would be that these are “tidal measures,” as it were, marks of the rising tide that is supposed to raise all boats. Some of the boats had quite a way to go. Some did not float up all the way with the tide. The percentage of male Black students that districts teach to read by the time they reach eighth grade is a key indicator of the educational opportunities those districts choose to make available, especially when we look across districts and states and make comparisons with other groups within specific districts. The results of the assessment of the skills of male Black students are the way that we can assess the opportunities to learn offered by districts. Nationally, in 2009, just nine percent of eighth-grade young black men were reading at grade level – in this case, at Proficient and Advanced levels – in 2009. In 2013 that was up to 12 percent, a three point improvement that was slightly less than the improvement in that period for all students. In other words, looking at the crucial skill of reading at the key grade 8 level, nearly 90 percent of male Black students have been left with skills below grade level. This is not good. At this rate of improvement, two percentage points every four years, it will take eighty years for half of eighth-grade young black men to read at grade level. Some tide. Let’s look at some examples from major cities. In Detroit, the percentage of young black men in eighth-grade reading at grade level increased from four percent to five percent between 2009 and 2013. In Cleveland, the percentage of young black men in eighth grade reading at Proficient and Advanced levels increased from five percent to six percent in that same period. In Fresno, the percentage of young black men reading at grade level declined from seven percent to six percent, while in Milwaukee, it “improved” from three percent to four percent. On average, then, something like 95 percent of male Black students in these cities are not reading at grade level in eighth grade. What is to be said about school officials who fail their students 95 percent of the time? Certain commentators say that the issue is poverty. Put simply, until students’ families are not living in poverty schools cannot be expected to teach them to read. There is some data about poverty, race and educational achievement. In Milwaukee, for example, three percent of male Black students eligible for national lunch programs (a measure of poverty) read at Proficient and Advanced levels, as compared to four percent in Mississippi, eight percent nationally, and 11 percent in New York City. If poverty were the decisive factor, why does its influence vary this much by location? Wouldn’t the correlation of poverty and educational achievement be the same? Why do so many more poor male Black students in New York City read at or above the “Proficient” level than those in Milwaukee? The percentages of young black and young white men in eighth-grade reading at Proficient and Advanced levels in West Virginia are nearly identical. And yet in Wisconsin, where 32 percent of young white men in eight grade reach the “Proficient” level, only seven percent of their young black male peers do. How is it that Wisconsin’s young white men are taught to read at a level similar to that of Michigan and North Carolina, while their young black men are only taught to read at levels typical of Mississippi, Arkansas and the District of Columbia? Family income does not seem to be a factor. Black family income is about the same in Wisconsin as in West Virginia. State wealth cannot be the issue, either. Does one need to point out that Wisconsin is a much wealthier state than West Virginia? If poverty isn’t the decisive factor, could it be, as some “conservative” commentators, Black and White, claim, something about family attitudes? But that would mean that Black families are less interested in the education of their children in Wisconsin than in West Virginia, right? Really? How do those commentators know that? So if it isn’t poverty or family attitudes, what other possibility is left? Could it be something about the schools? Could it be, to reverse the blame on black families, that those responsible for the schools in Milwaukee and cities like it are less interested in the education of black children than that of white children? One thing that can be said is that a rate of failure, such as NAEP reports in cities such as Milwaukee, Detroit and Fresno, is not necessary. Fifteen percent of young black eighth-graders in Charlotte’s schools are reading at grade level, as are 26 percent of their black female peers, improvements from 2009 of five points and three points, respectively. Hillsborough is at 16 percent for young black men in eighth grade and 19 percent for black female peers. And in New York City, 13 percent of young black men in eighth grade are reading at grade level – an increase of three percentage points since 2009 – and 23 percent of their black female peers are at grade level (a nine point increase). These are not great numbers. But teaching 15 percent of young black men to read is unquestionably better than teaching only five percent of them to do so. All other things being equal, three times as many might graduate from high school, find a job, go to college, stay out of jail, help raise their children without needing national lunch programs, perhaps move somewhere with good schools.

The conclusion signals the end of your paper. It summarizes the points in the paper and neatly ties up any loose ends. The form of a conclusion varies with the purpose, the assignment, and the professor. These strategies usually work: In longer papers, refer to your introduction and tie your ideas together. Doing this may help you determine whether you stayed focused throughout. 1. Summarize your main ideas (this works for longer papers); you may use new word choices. 2. Resolve problems stated in your introduction. Do not leave loose ends in the conclusion. Avoid these strategies: 1. Do not write “In conclusion” or “This paper was about…” when writing in most humanities courses. In scientific writing, a heading labeled “Conclusion” may be required. If you are uncertain, consult your assignment description and your professor. 2. Do not restate your main points or your thesis statement in short papers; this is often monotonous and can be construed as padding, filling space with needless words. 3. Do not explain what they just read to your readers. “In this essay, I explained…” talks down to readers, and is not an effective method of concluding a paper. 4. Do not mention new ideas or information in your conclusion. Introducing new ideas introduces a new topic, making the conclusion a lead paragraph for another idea. Your conclusion no longer works as a conclusion; you have more to write!Writer’s tip: Always check with your professor. Your goal in academic writing is to score points; your professor is the official scorekeeper.

Once a day porn (super common) can have that effect. As a guy we might not even realize the frequency has dropped off and that it's a problem, even if you tell us. I put my last girlfriend through this. Only near the end of the relationship did I realize that what I thought was average porn use was affecting things like it was. Anytime I would go without for at least 2 or 3 days our sex life would immediately go back to a regular frequency, multiple times a week if not daily. Other than that it was more like 1-4 times a month. The worst part is I loved sex with her and was very attracted to her, but she thought the opposite since I wasn't showing it. Very sad. If he has a lot of opportunity to be alone with computers all the time this is pretty likely. If he is around people all day than it's less likely but still possible. While this it worth exploring, it can be a super touchy subject. It's a pleasurable habit but also carries social stigma so it's a minefield of a discussion for both parties. So good luck if you go down that road. /r/nofap has resources and discussion on this topic, but can be a little, erm, intense. /r/pornfree is a similar, more moderate board. Also if you're in a pinch just get naked when he least expects it and sit on his lap. Usually works but if it doesn't holy crap you guys are going to have a fight. (Which might still lead to make up sex at least) Good luck, hope you get the penis!

Our Minecraft Party Supplies provide you with the perfect theme for your little gamer’s next big birthday party. Minecraft has become incredibly popular since its release a few years ago. The game challenges players in creative and survival modes. The open world concept game revolves around players building constructions out of 3D blocks. Players explore, gather resources, fight off Creepers, and construct their worlds out of these blocks, gaining achievements based on their success at survival and the extent of their creativity. Minecraft is popular with a wide range of ages and has become one of the most popular PC games in recent memory. A Minecraft themed birthday party is a fantastic idea for any fan of the game and we have just the party supplies you need to put together a memorable celebration. The party supplies and party items featured in this category capture the look of the iconic building blocks featured in the Minecraft game. The tableware items in the Minecraft theme feature solid shades of green and black. We carry an array of tableware items to make party shopping easy and convenient like paper cups, napkins, and plates and plastic cutlery and table covers. We also carry Minecraft themed cards and banners that feature block style video game characters and scenes. Our selection of birthday banners can be personalized so you can add a name or a short message to them and make them unique to your celebration. We also sell officially licensed Steve Head and Creeper pixelated block masks that party guests can wear.

Art Revolution is the brain child of Stacey Goodman, art teacher. Wanting to show students the true power of art to “engage and effect transformation in the community,” Stacey created a new year-long course that “gives students the artistic skills, organizational methods and social-historical understanding to initiate and complete a community art project.” Through creative exploration, students are tackling some big issues including community, identity, culture, and affinity. You can read the Syllabus here. Below is a group of photos of the class’s Self Maps, an art project that challenged them to think about their own identity and shared affinities. Self Maps Assignment: Student creates a decorative, color coded community map of the self. This project is part diagram that uses spoke-mapping as well as color/decorative elements that show their identity as one comprised of shared affinities with societal groups. The student uses design principles to create a concept-driven work meant to show hidden and visible identities, conventional and surprising affinities, how identity can be reflected through artistic expression as well as an understanding that identity can consist of more than the usual groupings around ethnicity, gender, etc.

The intensity rises in the Large Hadron Collider. More and more protons are circulating pushing up the collision rate in the experiments to record highs. Beams are made of “trains” of bunches, each containing around 100 billion protons. These bunch trains are circulating at almost the speed of light in opposite directions and cross one another at the centre of the experiments. The intensity of the beams, in other words the number of proton bunches, was gradually increased to achieve 2040 proton bunches per beam yesterday. As a result, the experiments are raking in the data. The integrated luminosity has exceeded the milestone of one inverse femtobarn earlier this week – already a quarter of the integrated luminosity recorded throughout 2015. Luminosity is the main indicator of performance of an accelerator, corresponding to the number of potential collisions per second and unit area. The integrated luminosity equal the cumulative brightness over time. This performance is even more remarkable given that the chain of accelerators that feed the LHC faced a technical issue last week. A fault in a main power supply of the Proton Synchrotron (PS) accelerator stopped the accelerator chain for several days. PS, commissioned in 1959, is the third link in the chain of four accelerators that propel the protons before they are injected into the LHC. Power was back to the PS last Thursday. Just before this unforeseen stop, LHC operators kept the beams circulating in collision mode for 35.5 hours – a record. The life span of beams and their luminosity reach outstanding values, demonstrating how well the LHC is functioning and the experience gained by operators after more than a year of operating at an energy of 13 TeV. The LHC will continue to maintain the luminosity at a high level. But time to time, the accelerators and their infrastructure need to take a short break. Technical stops are planned during the year for maintenance and equipment repairs. Next week, for example, a technical stop of two and a half days is planned.

Links to posts on the sociology of education for A Level Sociology, including perspectives on education (Functionalism, Marxism etc.), explanations for differential educational achievement (class, gender, ethnicity), in-school processes (labelling etc.) and the impact of social policies such as the 1988 Education Reform Act. The first section of this page includes links to posts covering the main content for the different sub topics within the Education topic for A-level sociology, the structure of which is taken directly from the AQA’s specification. These posts are either medium form (like a text book section) or revision notes form, sometimes both! The second section includes links to my assessment posts – either essay plans, 10 mark questions or general exam advice relevant here to the sociology of education. PLEASE CLICK THE LINK BELOW FOR THE LINKED PDF GRID VERSION OF THE EDUCATION SPECIFICATION: An Introduction to the Sociology of Education Education and schools in the United Kingdom – Key Statistics – an overview of some of the most basic statistics on the UK education system, including the number of schools, school types, pupils and teachers, along with some comments on the validity of such statistics. Education with Theory and Methods – A Level Sociology Paper 1 – an overview of the first of the three exam papers within A level sociology (AQA focus) Education Key Concepts – brief definitions of key concepts relevant to the A-level sociology of education module. The role and functions of education, including its relation to the economy and to class structure This really means ‘the perspectives’ on education – mainly Functionalism, Marxism, and the The New Right, but it might also be useful to know about Feminism and Postmodernism, especially for evaluation purposes. Many of the perspectives discuss education in relation to work and the economy, ‘role allocation’ in Functionalism is about this for example’, and the link to class structure is hopefully obviously mainly ‘Marxism’. Although vocational education is not explicitly on the syllabus, it would be useful to know something about it here because there are obvious links to work and the economy. Perspectives on the Role of Education – Knowledge Check List – a simple check list for this sub-topic, covering the five main perspectives you need to know (Functionalism, Marxism, The New Right, Feminism and Post/ Late Modernism), the key concepts and some selected short answer and essay questions The Functionalist perspective on education – brief revision notes covering four key ideas of Functionalism on education: how school encourages social solidarity, teaching skills for work, school as a bridge between home and wider society and role allocation and meritocracy. Emile Durkheim’s view on the role of education in society – class notes which take a more in-depth look at Durkheim’s view on the role of education in society. Including his views on education and the transmission of share values, education and social roles, and the role education played in the Division of Labour in society. Talcott Parson’s perspective on education – class notes which take a more in-depth look at Parson’s views of the role of education in society. Evaluating the Functionalist view of the role of education in contemporary society – detailed evaluative post exploring a range of contemporary evidence which either supports or criticises the Functionalist view of education. The Marxist perspective on education – brief revision notes covering four key ideas of the Marxist perspective on education: school as part of the ideological state apparatus, the correspondence theory, and the reproduction and legitimation of class inequality. Also includes a section on Paul Willis’ neo-Marxist study ‘learning to labour’. Bowles and Gintis – The Correspondence Principle – detailed class notes on this classic piece of Marxist theory on education from Bowles and Gintis’ classic (1976) work ‘Schooling in Capitalist America’. Evaluating the Marxist perspective on education – medium length evaluative post focusing on a range of contemporary evidence which either supports or criticises the Marxist view of education. The New Right perspective on education – brief revision notes covering the key ideas of the New Right, key New Right Policies and some evaluations. NB should be read in conjunction with the 1988 Education reform Act post. This just covers the theory. Evaluating the New Right’s perspective on education – a medium length post which looks at the long term trend in GCSE results, PISA international league tables, Stephen Ball’s work and Sue Palmer’s concept of toxic childhood to evaluate the impact (positive and negative) of marketisation policies on pupils in England and Wales. Postmodernism and education – a medium length post outlining some of the ways in which education seems to have responded to the shift to postmodern society, by becoming more individualised and diverse, for example. Sociological perspectives on the relationship between education and work – a brief summary post covering the Functionalist, Marxist, Feminist, New Right and Postmodern perspectives on education and work. Functionalist, Marxist and The New Right Views of Education – summary vodcast comparing the three perspectives Sociological Perspectives on the Role of Education in Society – Summary Grid – summary revision grid covering Functionalism, Marxism, The New Right, and Post and Late Modern perspectives on education Explanations of Differential Educational Achievement of Social Groups The main ‘groups’ here are different social classes, genders and ethnicities. You absolutely need to know which groups to better and worse TODAY – in summary, girls do better than boys, Chinese and Indian students to best in terms of ethnicity, and white working class students are the largest group with the lowest results. You also need to know about why some groups do better than others, which is typically broken down into home versus school explanations. Sociological Explanations of Educational Underachievement – class notes, and an introduction to the sub-topic Social class and educational achievement The effects of material deprivation on education – material deprivation refers to lacking in money or resources. This post explores how factors such as low income and poor housing have a detrimental effect on educational achievement for children. The effects of cultural deprivation on education – In the 1960s cultural deprivation theory believed that working class children failed in school because of the lack of appropriate norms and values relevant to education. These revision notes cover the concepts of immediate and deferred gratification, restricted and elaborated speech codes. The effects of cultural and social capital on education – brief revision notes on how the values and connections of middle class parents give their children an advantage in education Cultural Capital and Education – more detailed class notes on the above. Social Class and In school factors and differential educational achievement – revision notes on how labelling, pupil subcultures, banding and streaming and the hidden curriculum have differential affects on working class and middle class children. Gender and educational achievement Best thought of in terms of three sub topics - Why do boys do worse than girls, and vice versa - why do boys and girls choose different subjects - How do different genders/ sexuality experience school differently (gender and identity) What is the gender gap in education? – an introductory post outlining the extent of gender gap in education, focusing on GCSE and A-level exam results and degree entries by gender. The headline fact is that girls do better than boys in almost every subject and nearly every level of education! Explaining the Gender Gap in Education – External Factors – revision notes covering how factors such as gender socialisation and changing gender roles explain why girls do better than boys in education. Evaluating the role of External Factors in Explaining the Gender Gap in Education -An evaluation post focusing on what the most significant factors are in explaining why girls do better than boys. Explaining the Gender Gap in Education – In School Factors – revision notes explaining how things such as teacher labelling and pupil subcultures affect boys and girls differently Gender and subject choice Gender and identity – revision notes exploring how hegemonic masculinity and femininity hinder or help boys and girls in education. Ethnicity and differential educational achievement Material Deprivation and Ethnicity – material deprivation doesn’t seem to explain differential achievement by ethnicity. Cultural factors and ethnicity – revision notes covering such things as ethnic variations in parental attitudes to school and family structure and how these affect education In school factors and institutional racism – revision notes focusing on how pupil subcultures and also teacher labelling and racism might affect educational achievement by ethnicity. Includes summaries of Tony Sewell, David Gilborn and the concept of educational triage. The relative importance of gender/ class and ethnicity in differential educational achievement White Working Class Underachievement – the white working classes have some of lowest achievement levels l – this post is a summary of a thinking allowed podcast which tries to explain why. Relationships and Processes Within Schools Interationists tend to focus on processes within schools, which primarily means teacher labelling, pupil subcultures, banding and streaming and school ethos. In school factors all partly explain differential educational achievement by class, gender and ethnicity, but are probably not as significant as out of school factors. Teacher labelling and the self fulfilling prophecy – detailed class notes covering the definitions of labeling and the self fulfilling prophecy, summaries of David Hargreave’s work on typing, Rosenthal and Jacobson’s classic field experiment, and C. Rist’s study of an American Kindergarten which focused on the relationship between social class and labelling, Also includes some evaluations of the labelling theory applied to education. Pupil subcultures – detailed class notes on pupil subcultures in school, covering pro and anti-school cultures and Peter Wood’s work on the range of subcultures in-between these extremes – such as retreatist subcultures. School Ethos and The Hidden Curriculum – brief revision notes focusing on how the ethos (basic values) of a school and the hidden (or informal rules) of a school advantage some students and disadvantage others. The Significance of Educational Policies for an Understanding of the Structure, Role, Impact and Experience of, and Access to Education in British Society This section includes links relating to policies of selection, marketisation and privatisation; policies to achieve greater equality of opportunity or outcome, and the impact of globalisation on educational policy. Education Policies in the UK – a very brief overview of the Tripartite System, Comprehensives, the 1988 Education Act and New Labour’s and the Coalition government’s policies of 1997 and 2010. Social democratic perspectives on education – social democrats emphasize the important role which education can play in promoting equality of opportunity. Social democratic views lead to comprehensivisation The 1988 Education Reform Act – detailed class notes covering all of the specific policies introduced to implement the marketisation of education – namely GCSEs, league tables, formula funding, OFSTED and the national curriculum. New Labour’s Education Policies (1997-2010) – detailed class notes covering the introduction of Academies, Sure Start, Education Action Zones. This post also analyses the impact of New Right or Neoliberal and Social Democratic ideas on Labour’s education policies. New Labour’s Education Policies – summary revision notes of the above. 2010–2015 – The Coalition Government’s education policies – detailed class notes covering funding cuts to education, further acadamization and the pupil premium, among other things. 2010-2015 – The Coalition Government’s Education policies – summary revision notes of the above topic. Free Schools – Arguments For and Against – class notes summarising some of the arguments and evidence for and against Free Schools, which are a type of academy. The Privatisation of Education – class notes covering endogenous and exogenous privatization of education. Selective Education Since Comprehensivisation – revision notes on ways in which education has become more selective, including selection by mortgage and covert selection. Arguments for and Against Reintroducing Grammar Schools – this was suggested a few years ago now my Theresa May, but I’m not sure it’s on the cards anymore. class notes Joel Spring – Education Networks – Power, Wealth, Cyberspace and the Digital Mind – book summary. Good supporting evidence for the Marxist view of education. Essay Plans/ Revision Resources If you like this sort of thing, then you might like my A level sociology revision mega bundle – which contains the following: - over 200 pages of revision notes - 60 mind maps in pdf and png formats - 50 short answer exam practice questions and exemplar answers - Covers the entire A-level sociology syllabus, AQA focus. This section includes links to exam technique, and model answers for essays, the two types of 10 mark questions and the short answer questions you’ll find in the education section of the AQA’s A-level sociology paper 7192-1 - How I would have answered the June 2018 sociology A-level paper 1 – covering the 4, 6, 10 and 30 mark questions on the education section of this paper. The post also covers the 2 theory and methods questions. - How I would have answered the June 2017 Sociology A-level paper 1 – covering the education and theory and methods sections of the paper - Analyse two reasons why women remain economically disadvantaged compared to men despite the increase in the gender gap in educational achievement (10) - Possible 10 mark ‘analyse’ questions which you might get on paper one - Evaluate the Functionalist view of the role of education in society – essay plan, long version - Evaluate the Functionalist view of the role of education in society – essay plan, brief version - To what extent do home factors explain social class differences in educational achievement? essay plan, long version - Evaluate the view that differences in educational achievement by class, gender and ethnicity are the result of in-school processes – essay plan, long, bullet pointed Other posts about education which may not be immediately relevant to the A-level: Education in America – an overview of key facts and stats of the American education system.

Considered one of the most creative cooking show chefs on T,V Joseph has a long list of recognition from previous appointments. He decided to try his talents in front of the small screen with a cooking show called Taste This TV in 2003. The show quickly became popular and has filmed over 187 episodes. The 14th season of Taste This! will air on PBS in September 2011. Ciminera's motto is "There are no rules in Cooking" a signature statement that has made him famous. His time working at numerous fine establishments such as Le Cirque, Les Celebrites, Le Petite Bijou and Carmines all helped to build a strong foundation for his work. Ciminera's training started at the Five Star Five Diamond Hotel in Milan Italy, he tutelage under Master Chef Vincenzo Provino. He then went on to work with some of the nation's top chefs including Daniel Boulud, Christian Doulevere, Pierre Manor, Mike Depirito and Jean Louis Pallidan. Ciminera's book entitled "In The Weeds"; a volume of chef's tales has sold over 650,000 copies. His latest book, "Joseph Ciminera's New American Cooking" is available in bookstores across the US. His latest venture is to help fight against one of America's growing health issues...Childhood Obesity. He is also the creator for the popular food social media website "FoodyTV" A site dedicated to giving quick professional answers to culinary questions. Ciminera is known to be very modest about his status as a celebrity chef. In an article with the Amici Journal he says: ...it's so hard to believe - that I'm a popular icon. Not too long ago I was attending a local Italian feast in NJ. I was soon stormed by fans of the show looking for autographs. Security escorted me out of the feast because they were scared of the growing crowd.

24/08/2012 - The common goal of improving the living conditions of as many poor people as possible has resulted in a mutually beneficial partnership between SOS Children's Villages International and Habitat for Humanity International. Habitat for Humanity International and... Richard Pichler, Secretary General of SOS Children's Villages International, has announced a cooperation agreement of five years has been signed with Habitat for Humanity International. The agreement is based on the understanding that the two organisations can achieve greater impact by working together than by working separately in areas of common interest and purpose. This has already been illustrated by successful collaborations in Nepal, Lesotho and Macedonia. According to the agreement the programmes of both organisations are, in general, complimentary and mutually supportive. The focus of Habitat for Humanity International is on housing and shelter, while that of SOS Children's Villages is on care, education and health. Six areas have been identified where the two organisations could work together. They are housing, joint communication, disaster response, maintenance of SOS Children's Villages, capacity building of youth and the exchange of lists of interested countries. In a video message -to the delegates attending the SOS Children's Villages General Assembly on June 22- Jonathan Reckford, CEO of Habitat for Humanity International, said he hoped together the two organisations can have an increased impact on creating truly transformed communities. "We are delighted to join with SOS Children's Villages to provide a more holistic approach to nurturing children and their families," said Reckford. “"We look forward to growing our partnership and bringing together more people to build homes, communities and hope." The successful existing partnership between SOS Children's Villages and Habitat for Humanity in Nepal could serve as a blueprint for future partnerships in other countries. Through this partnership more than 400 families in Itahari, Nepal have received safe and economical housing. In this way SOS Children's Villages expanded its family strengthening programme (FSP) since the majority of the beneficiaries supported by the FSP in Nepal are in need of adequate shelter. Mr Pichler, in his address at the General Assembly, said partnerships like these are a part of SOS Children's Villages' journey going into the second half (2013 to 2016) of its ONE strategy. According to the ONE strategy, support for SOS families and those in the community benefiting from the FSP should be well integrated.

The stewardship of our finances is a tremendous—and often overlooked—area of our lives. Giving strengthens our connection to Christ and frees us to live the life God has in mind for us. It allows us to trust in Him and His provision instead of us trying to be self-sufficient. As people of faith, we are called to give faithfully and generously. One of RISING Church’s core values is “We will live within our means.” With this in mind, it is our desire that the credit card option be used as a convenience only, not as a means to incur debt. When making your online payment you will have the option to add the processing fee to your contribution. By doing this you will assist us in reducing our operating expenses so we can allocate more funds to our primary ministries. RISING Church’s App includes a giving feature. Feel free to download it from the Google Play Store and App Store.

I just moved into a 2008 GC WK 4.7L Limited and I need new tires on my 18" factory wheels. Instead of that, I want to get a 2" spacer style lift and some 17" wheels and tires to go up a bit and gain tire choices. I will add new bilstein shocks and struts after I wear these stock ones out... So my 2008 Grand Cherokee is not feeling as tight steering as it used to. While driving in a straight line it doesn't feel as planted as it used to. It feels like its drifting ever so slightly. It also makes a nice squeaking noise whenever I go over a decent bump/dip in the road. I had the front... Need some guidance, I’ve only got heat on the passenger side vents. The far right is the hottest, and they get progressively colder. The driver’s side is not warm at all. I have an 08 Jeep Wrangler. I get cold A/C out of every vent, but when I switch it to heat I only get it out of the passenger... Does anyone know who sells replacement 18" spare wheels for my 2008 Limited Hemi? I cannot find one anywhere! Thanks! Hi guys I'm new to this site and having some issues with my jeep wondering if you guys could supply me with some insight. The vehicle has 180,000km and just started to randomly stall out no matter what speed I was going, the engine doesn't sputter but just completely dies. I then proceed to... 2008 JGC Overland Hemi QD2 - Common Problems? After months of debate I finally did it! I bought a WK Overland with a Hemi. I had for months pondered about buying another WJ (specifically an 04 Overland), but decided to give the WK a try. As some know my WK2 ended up being deemed a lemon, that wasn't the best red carpet experience. One... newbie looking at 2008 grand cherokee laredo crd. Looking at a 2008 grand Cherokee Laredo crd. What to look for? hello fellow members, i just picked up a pair or oe 20x9 for my 2008 jeep grand cherokee. what tire sizes are ya guys running on that size rim, also i added b6 shocks n sturts with eibach pro lowing kit. i am replacing the upper control arms with moogs so i can cut the bolt down if...

Too late, Blighty! Samsung boffins claim breakthrough graphene manufacturing success Quick, Sammy, before Apple finds a way to patent it... A group of 14 Korean researchers, including 10 from the Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, have published details of a technique for synthesising graphene that could lead to sheets of the thin, strong, conductive wonder-material-du-jour being used in commercial devices sooner rather than later. Their paper, published Thursday in the journal Science, describes "wafer-scale growth of wrinkle-free single-crystal monolayer graphene on silicon wafer using a hydrogen-terminated germanium buffer layer." What this means in non-boffinary terms is that the Samsung-sponsored team has found a less difficult, more inexpensive, and reproducible way to create comparatively large sheets of a material that holds great promise for commercial applications ranging from electronic devices to photonics to wearables to displays and more. Graphene is a one atom–thick structure composed of carbon atoms that is not only remarkably strong, but also bendable, lightweight, and highly conductive to both heat and electricity. It's also close to transparent, absorbing only 2.3 per cent of light shone upon it, irrespective of wavelength. Unfortunately, it has also been devilishly difficult to manufacture at any large scale, and without kinks or wrinkles. One technique of graphene production, for example, has been dubbed the "Scotch Tape" method – or, more properly, "micromechanical cleavage" – as it involves exfoliating a single sheet of graphene from a multi-layer block of graphite by adhering it to another surface and peeling it off. The Scotch Tape method, however, often results in creating small, unconnected shards of graphene, which must then be reassembled, an expensive, time-consuming, and hit-or-miss process. Now, it seems, the Korean team has conquered some of graphene's manufacturing challenges. Exactly how strong is graphene? When Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2010 for their contributions to the development of graphene, the background document for the award described it as more than 100 times stronger than the strongest steel. The Nobel folks also provided a folksy example of a hypothetical demonstration of graphene's strength: The unit hexagonal cell of graphene contains two carbon atoms and has an area of 0.052 nm2. We can thus calculate its density as being 0.77 mg/m2. A hypothetical hammock measuring 1m2 made from graphene would thus weigh 0.77 mg. In our 1 m2 hammock tied between two trees you could place a weight of approximately 4 kg before it would break. It should thus be possible to make an almost invisible hammock out of graphene that could hold a cat without breaking. The hammock would weigh less than one mg, corresponding to the weight of one of the cat's whiskers. Graphene, however, has a richer future than merely constructing lightweight hammocks for cats – although the YouTube videos of such structures would undoubtedly get millions of hits. The Wall Street Journal, for example, reports that both Samsung and Nokia have filed patents for using graphene in mobile devices, and that Apple, Saab, and Lockheed Martin have also filed for or received patents on graphene use. Due to its light weight, graphene would also be an idea material to find a home in the as-yet-unproven wearable technologies market. If the Koreans' wafer-scale, wrinkle-free manufacturing technique proves commercially viable, you may soon find graphene wrapped round your wrist. ®

Copyright © 2003 jsd Suppose we want to paint a parallelogram. How much paint do we need? Let’s see how to express the answer in terms of Clifford algebra (aka geometric algebra). This document is also available in PDF format. You may find this advantageous if your browser has trouble displaying standard HTML math symbols. For an introduction to Clifford algebra, and its application to geometry and physics, see reference 1, reference 2, reference 3, and reference 4. The edges of the parallelogram are the vectors A and B. We’re pretty sure In geometric algebra, we are told that the wedge product A∧B represents area. But it’s not directly the answer to the paint problem. In particular The answer is that we should be asking about the norm of A∧B, written ||A∧B||. We shall show that |area = ||A∧B|| = ||A|| ||B|| |sin(θ)| (1)| where θ is the angle between the vectors. This is the correct answer to the paint problem. Let’s see where this result comes from. For any multivector M, the square of the norm is given by |||M||2 := M M∼ (2)| where M∼ is the reverse of M, formed by writing the vectors that make up M in reverse order. In particular |(A∧B)∼ = (B∧A) (3)| And for a simple (grade=1) vector Assuming we are dealing with spacelike vectors, we can write |A = ||A|| a′ (5)| where a′ is a unit vector in the direction of A. We can write some other vector B as |B = ||B|| (a′ cos(θ) + a" sin(θ)) (6)| where a" is some unit vector perpendicular to A. Then just take these expressions for A and B, plug them into the definition of ||A∧B|| and turn the crank. We find where the cosine terms have vanished because a′∧a′ = 0. We next use the fact that the wedge product (a′∧a") is equal to the geometric product (a′a") since the two factors are orthogonal; see equation 17. This is helpful because the geometric product of geometric products is simpler than the geometric product of wedge products. In this case (a′∧a")(a"∧a′) = a′a"a"a′ = 1 and the result follows immediately: |area = ||A∧B|| = ||A|| ||B|| |sin(θ)| (8)| A more general way of taking the geometric product of two wedge products is to expand both wedge products in terms of geometric products according to equation 16, and then multiplying everything term-by-term. In this case it comes to the same thing, because where we have used the anticommutation relation equation 14. (Sooner or later we have to exploit the fact that a′ and a" are perpendicular.) This is a good homework exercise for building confidence in the formalism. Let’s proceed to an even more interesting problem. Suppose we have a parallelepiped with edges A, B and C, and we want to calculate the volume. The old-fashioned way to do this would be to use the "triple scalar product" A·B×C. But cross products are bad news, and we would be much better off using the geometric algebra formulation. The desired expression is |volume = ||A∧B∧C|| (10)| Note that even though we have been using the wedge product to get rid of cross products, it is not a one-for-one replacement. You cannot blindly replace A·B×C by A·B∧C. The triple scalar product is properly written ||A∧B∧C|| with two wedge products and no dot products. This has a nice geometric interpretation: A∧B is visualized as sweeping A in the direction of B, using it as a brush to sweep out the area A∧B. Similarly A∧B∧C is visualized as sweeping the area A∧B in the direction of C, using it to sweep out the volume A∧B∧C. We can verify that the magnitude of the volume behaves as advertised, using the same procedure as before: where ab′ is any unit vector in the AB plane, and ab" is a unit vector perpendicular to the AB plane. The result is: |||A∧B∧C|| = ||A|| ||B|| ||C|| |sin(θ)| |sin(φ)| (12)| which makes sense. We have obtained these results without establishing any basis vectors and without expanding A, B, and C in terms of components. (That’s a sign that we’re doing something right.) All you need are the basic axiomatic properties |A B = B A if A and B are colinear (13)| |A B = − B A if A and B are perpendicular (14)| |A· B = (A B + B A)/2 (15)| |A∧B = (A B − B A)/2 (16)| |A B = A·B + A∧B (17)| everywhere assuming A and B are plain old grade=1 vectors. By the way, even the slightly-arbitrary expansion in terms of sine and cosine can be dispensed with, if we have an axiomatic definition of what "rotation" means, but that’s a more-advanced topic. See reference 5. Copyright © 2003 jsd

JioMeet App is launched by Indian Telecommunication company Reliance Jio, This Application is used for video conferencing services in Indian. JioMeet is a cross-platform service, which means it is supported on all major operating systems including Android, iOS, Windows 10, macOS and the web. In this article, we’ll investigating How To Use Jio Meet App. From the outset, the application looks a ton like Zoom, which has exploded in popularity during the continuous pandemic. JioMeet needs to be India’s Zoom and we will reveal to you all you require to think about the application. What is JioMeet ? JioMeet is another video conferencing application. Unlike Zoom, JioMeet is totally free at the present time and companies highlights, for example, video calls with up to 100 members, screen-sharing, booked crowd, and so on. JioMeet is a cross-stage video conferencing application that you can download on iPhone by visiting the App Store, and through Google Play on Android gadgets. You can likewise Download JioMeet App on Windows, or Mac. Plus, on the off chance that you don’t wish to download the application, at that point to get JioMeet on upheld programs — Google Chrome and Firefox by visiting its Website. 1. The application provides unlimited free HD calls to users. 2. JioMeet supports one to one video calling features and provide users to host meeting up to 100 participants like Zoom Video Conferencing App. 3. The main USP of this application is that there’s no time boundation for users. You can do free call last long for 24 hours without interrupted. 4. Users will able to send text, voice messages, files and images to each other via JioMeet. 5. The App has a feature of multi-device login support, You can use up to 5 devices at a time. 6. You can do personal meeting rooms with the ability to set one’s own meeting password to facilitate recurring meetings in school classes and daily meetings. Follow these steps to host a new meeting on JioMeet App via your smartphone. Open the application > sign in > tap New Gathering. On the following screen, select in the event that you wish to keep your video on or off. Beneath that, you’ll see a flip that says, Utilize Individual Gathering ID. Turn it on to create your own gathering ID and secret key. When done, tap Begin Meeting. To welcome members, tap Members > tap Welcome > you can duplicate the connection and physically share it or you can just tap upheld application and after that select a user to share the link with. 1. All android devices which runs on Android 5.0 or above. 2. All iOS devices which runs on iOS 9 or above. 3. All Windows devices which runs on Windows 10. 4. All Mac devices which runs on v. 10.3. and above. On JioMeet’s site, the company claims that gatherings on JioMeet are encoded. Nonetheless, aside from this, the company hasn’t uncovered any insights about start to finish encryption yet. Albeit, a brief glance at the organization’s protection method uncovers that the company will gather your own information, for example, your name, age, sexual orientation and so forth alongside data. No significant security issues have surfaced at the hour of composing. We have just referenced before in this article that the JioMeet application looks pretty like the Zoom application outwardly. In any case, with regards to the highlights, all the fundamental ones found on the Zoom application are accessible on JioMeet too, compensating for comparable client experience. All things being equal, when usinging Zoom, you just get 40 minutes of free video conferencing without a moment’s delay for up to 100 members, yet with JioMeet, there’s no such time limit and the help is free for up to 100 members. Nonetheless, JioMeet is still at a beginning phase and to all the more likely rival Zoom, it needs to add additional highlights, for example, the capacity to record crowd through the PC application, or the capacity to share your screen by means of the web customer, or changing your experience.

Remember B.I.G.: The 21 Samples Used In Life After Death Today marks the 17th anniversary of Life After Death, The Notorious B.I.G. and Bad Boy‘s final album together. To commemorate the project’s legacy, we take a look back at the classic samples used to imbue soul into Big’s second effort. Released as a double album, Life After Death was placed in stores posthumously following Christopher Wallace’s death on March 9, 1997. Eerily reflected in the album’s title and subject matter, the ominous feelings of “the end” also permeate within the samples used by The Hitmen — Bad Boy’s in-house production team. Much of the sound was cultivated by Deric “D-Dott” Angelettie, Carlos “July Six” Broady, Ron “Amen-Ra” Lawrence, Nashiem Myrick and a pre-reality-TV Stevie J — with hands-on work provided by Sean “P. Diddy” Combs. The late, great Frank White redefined what it meant to be a mainstream rapper. His brilliant microphone skills, challenging wordplay, and vivid story telling enabled the Brooklyn boy to demonstrate his ability to make the streets accessible to those living the glamour life. Even while the project delved deeper into the mafioso life, you’d be surprised to learn that not every track on Life After Death contained a sample. Standouts such as “F**k You Tonight” featuring R. Kelly, “Last Day” featuring The Lox and “You’re Nobody (Till Somebody Kills You)” featuring Diddy and Faith Evans all have no samples. With that said, sit back, keep your clicker on the play button and groove out to these 21 samples that served as the backdrop to one of the best-selling rap albums of all time: Life After Death. — Photo: WENN

Tanja: The American Slovenian Education Foundation ASEF is an organization that enhances American and Slovenian education activities, uniting Slovenian scholars and educators globally. It has three core values: academic excellence, character formation, and dedicated service permeated by special care for Slovenian heritage. In the ASEF podcast, we host ASEF professors to get to know their research, best practices from their field, their vision for the development of that field in Slovenia, and how they envision collaborating among Slovenians worldwide. Welcome to the first episode of the ASEF Podcast. My name is Tanja, and I'll be the host of this podcast. I am a master's student of Chemistry at the University of Zurich, and I was as a fellow in 2019 at the Dimitri Krainc lab at Northwestern University. Today we host three ASEF professors who work on astrophysics. With us are professor Maruša Bradač, a professor of physics at the University of California Davis, Andrej Prša, professor of astrophysics and planetary science at Villanova University, and Uroš Seljak, professor of astrophysics at the University of California Berkeley. Thank you all very much for joining us today. First, we would like to ask you if you can briefly introduce yourselves and perhaps tell us where you studied, for how long you've been in the field, and maybe something about your current research. Andrej, maybe we can start with you. Andrej: Sounds good. Hello everybody! My name is Andrej. I've been in the United States since 2006, which was a postdoc gone wrong. I was supposed to be here for just a year. But then after a year, Villanova essentially reached out with an offer that I couldn’t refuse, so I stayed. I studied at the University of Ljubljana. I graduated under the advisorship of professor Tomaž Citar. I've been working on eclipsing binary stars. I've been working on those since my Ph.D. years. I still ah as best as I can, I still dabble with them but right now I've brought my interests to exoplanets and to life in the universe. So those are my main topics. And then one remark that I can give is that every once in a while you come across something unexpected. So a spinoff project turned out to be extremely important, and that is we managed in 2015 to pass a resolution that I lead to nominalize the units of the mass and the radius of the Sun and Earth to be used as the units of measure, which before were used but nobody could quite agree what those numbers were. So as part of that spinoff, I also dabble with fundamental strong. Tanja: Great! Maybe Maruša, can you continue? Maruša: Yeah. Hi, my name is Maruša Bradač. I am currently a professor at the University of California Davis, but previously I have studied also in Ljubljana but continued my studies in Germany and Bonn where I graduated and later moved on to the United States where I have been since 2004 so long time now. I started working mostly as an expert in dark matter, particularly dark matter properties from astronomical observations. And later my topics of research have moved more to the first galaxies that formed in the universe. And now I'm mostly using, I´m part of the team that will be using the James Webb Space Telescope to observe those very first galaxies and I’m very much looking forward to that. Tanja: Okay, Uroš, can you introduce yourself? Uroš: My name is Uroš Seljak and I am a professor in both Physics and Astronomy department at UC Berkeley. I'm also a senior scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. And let's see if I'm probably the most senior of all of the people here. So it's more just a career path. I too have been my undergraduate and masters at the University of Ljubljana. I've got my Ph.D. from MIT, and I went to a postdoc at Harvard and I was a professor at Princeton. I went to ICTP in Triest. I went to the University of Zurich as a professor there and then I came to UC Berkeley in 2008. So I do Cosmology, that's my main topic of research. In Cosmology, I have started doing the research on cosmological background, his altarpiece and later I have been working a lot also on large scale structure of the universe, for example how the galaxies cluster and dark matter clusters and things like that. In recent years, I have diversified somewhat, again I started working on exoplanets but one of my recent passions is statistical analysis developments in the foundations of statistical analysis for particular, based on statistical analysis and machine learning those two areas. Tanja: Okay, so you mentioned well that you work on dark matter. Can you explain what that is and maybe explain what are the possible pathways that we could take, unlocking the mystery of what dark matter actually is? And maybe we can start with Maruša? Maruša: Yeah, so, dark matter is a very strange form of matter. We know it exists but we don't know exactly what properties it has from all the measurements that astronomers so far have. It looks like it has very unusual properties in that it doesn't interact. The particles of dark matter don't interact other than through gravity. The ways to achieve this is to observe dark matter in action through astronomical observations or we can also do similar observations of, we can also try to detect dark matter directly on Earth. So that's the realm of particle physicists. One thing to say though is while I'm very much hoping that LHC or a similar experiment will detect the signature of dark matter and will finally be able to grab a dark matter particle here on Earth, at the end of the day, it will still be up to astronomers to confirm that that particle is in the dark matter because one of the things that dark matter has to satisfy is that it has to make a significant amount of matter in the universe. And that's really up to astronomers to see whether the properties of that particle that we will detect hopefully soon here on Earth are indeed the ones that are matching the astronomical observations. Tanja: and please both of you, you Uroš and Andrej please comment and provide your own view on dark matter as well. Uroš: Yeah, right. I guess one interesting question is: what's the relationship between dark matter and dark energy? People, you know, often hear about both of these things, but they're not the same. Dark matter we think is really some solid particles that people are trying to discover in the lab. Whereas dark energy is more something where you might be cosmological constant or maybe it's something else. But we're not really directly searching for it in the lab. It also has very different properties. It has more properties of energy for example: the expansion of the universe is actually accelerated due to the dark energy. So we think if it dominates, if it becomes a dominating component of the universe, which seems like what is happening today, then it will actually lead to a very very exponential expansion, especially fast expansion of our universe, and the universe will become dark because all of the other galaxies, for example, will recede away from us. So that's the dark energy and it's very different in those properties from dark matter. Andrej: Well, uh you have two experts talking about what it is. So I'm just gonna add a fun fact that astronomers as nerdy as they get, can actually have a little bit of fun. So throughout the history of dark matter, the candidates for dark matter were first these things called the Massive Astrophysical Compact Halo Objects, which shortens into MACHOS. So then when they came with the alternative, which has to be something that is on the opposite side, right. So they came with a Weakly Interacting Massive Particles or WIMPs or WIMps. So you have MACHOs and WIMPs as the main contestants. And since they've been proposed MACHOs have gone out of favor and WIMPs are the particle that remains in favor to explain dark matter. And astronomers hope that (we'll not just astronomers, astronomers, and particle physicists) hope that we will get an answer to the dark matter in the next decade or two. Dark energy, on the other hand, my bet is we're not going to know for centuries. Tanja: And maybe can you explain what kind of tools do you use for studying dark matter? And maybe adding on to that question, how did dark matter or studying dark matter and dark energy help you at understanding the creation of the universe. Uroš: Yeah, so let me talk about the second question and then we have Maruša talk about the first one. So I was talking earlier about the future of the universe and how this dark energy in particular affects the future of the universe. And when it comes to the creation of the universe, we don't really think the dark matter played a role there, and also probably not dark energy the way we think about it today. The creation of the universe was probably more had to do with, I don't know, concepts like inflation and maybe some spontaneous creation of the universe out of nothing and things like that. And those are very fascinating questions, but so we typically study them by looking at fluctuations in the dark matter. So and so that those fluctuations in the dark matter and in the cosmos micro background then it's obvious are giving us hints for those theories of inflation in the very early universe. Maruša: Yeah, and I can add a little bit about how we study dark matter. So in particular, our group has been using colliding clusters of galaxies. So these are some of the biggest structures in the universe that have collided. And we can see those collisions. So you can, by studying the distribution of all the matter in these structures, also figure out what the properties of the dark matter particles are, how they collided, and how they are moving through space. And so we can study their interaction properties that way. In addition, astronomers can look at the formation and evolution of galaxies and large-scale structures and study dark matter by comparing these structures with the structure computer simulation predicted. And so those were some early indications of the amount of dark matter we need in the universe in order to form the galaxies as we know them today. And all of this research together is helping us put together a picture of what dark matter might be and what its properties are. In addition, we can also study the regular matter that comes as a result of interaction of dark matter. So for example, from Fermi Telescope you can study gamma rays that could be admitted as a result of dark matter annihilation and so on. There are multiple experiments that deal with studying of dark matter and all of them are sort of pointing to the same common picture of what dark matter is and how much of it there is in the universe. But what exactly the particle of dark matter is and what's its mass it's still something that's unknown. Andrej: Yeah, I have very little to just add, really, just to stress maybe once again, what both my colleagues said before: that the presence of dark matter is revealing itself in almost all aspects of fire away astronomy. So for as long as you're confined in the realm of our own galaxy and looking at the fine structure of the galaxy, dark matter is mostly insignificant. But as soon as you look at the big picture, for example, you see that galaxies do not rotate the way they would if own life matter were there. So you see these deviations in rotation curves, you see from what Uroš was saying early on, you have various acoustic constellations that points to the ratio between light matter, dark matter early on and how that impacts the evolution of the universe. So wherever we look, to Maruša’s point, wherever we look, we seem to constantly see a consistent picture pointing us to the answer, as best as we can tell, it is, everything is consistent across the board, even though the answer itself remains okay. Tanja: Ok, thank you. And now if we touch a bit on exoplanets since Andrej and well, also Uroš, you both work on this field. Can you maybe tell us something about exoplanets and how do you study them? And maybe what are the two fields for studying exoplanets and galaxies and stars? Andrej: So, exoplanets are a field that exploded over the last couple of decades. And those who’ve studied eclipsing binary stars, so systems of two stars that eclipse one another have had a bit of an advantage because at least in my mind, exoplanets are nothing else than eclipsing binaries in the extreme mass ratio. So instead of having two stars, one of those stars is kind of a failed star, so a smaller star. But the primary technique of detecting exoplanets remains the transit method. Which means we stare at the star for a long period of time and we see a dip because a planet transits and that gives us all sorts of fundamental information about the entire system, not just the planet and the stars. So being able to put the model together that is rooted in well understood laws of gravity and then on top of that understanding of radiation physics, that tells us just how much light's block, tells us what the mass of the planet will be, what the radius of the planet will be, what the temperature ratio between the two will be if it's a giant planet. So you can learn a whole bunch just by looking at the light curve of such an object. And then there are other methods that I'll just briefly mention. You can see the imprint of an exoplanet as a radio velocity modulation. So if you see wiggles that something's tugging your star back and forth, chances are it's an exoplanet. And the relevance of course, is that it kind of tackles the ages-old question whether we're alone in the universe. I imagine no human being is left completely impervious to the notion that there may be other worlds out there and other civilizations that, you know, eventually you might even contact, but I think at least that's what makes the study of exoplanets so far. So I'll hand this off to Uroš and Maruša to cement this idea even further. Uroš: Yeah, So, you know, there's this old saying “somebody's dirt is somebody else's gold”, right? And for Andrej exoplanets are dirt that he's trying to get rid of because really all he cares is expecting binaries. Right? And to me, it’s just the opposite, I couldn't care less about the environment- to me, that’s just dirt that I have to get rid of so that I can actually get to the interesting stuff, which is the exoplanets. We collaborate very well, you know, because of this, right? So, yes, exoplanets has exploded, for example, Captain satellite has, has detected, I don't know, a few thousand exoplanets in just one satellite, and the other techniques, micro lensing, for example, is a very interesting technique. People are also trying to do direct imaging of the exoplanets. and it all goes from the physics point of view, I guess the most interesting thing is how did the planets been created. So it's basically the formation of the exoplanets that is perhaps the most interesting unsolved problem. But from the broader perspective, it is also the question of habitable zone: how many habitable zone planets are there out there? In other words, it goes back to this question. Are we alone? Are we not? There's this famous Drake equation that has, I don't know 20 terms, you know, but this is one of them that we can actually answer. Of course we cannot answer the other 19 probably, but we'll get those. This question, for example, is one question that I'm studying right, getting the occurrence of Earth-like planets with, you know, one year period around stars. How typical is this? And this is very difficult question because the Earth-like planets at least in satellites like capital and tests are very, very weak, very in the noise. And so it becomes an interesting statistic question, which is how I dealt with this. But there's no question this field has exploded and it will continue to be one of the most important fields in astronomy in the next decade or decades. Maruša: So I can probably add very little to this as I'm not, I'm the only one here who is not directly studying exoplanets except that when we were designing the camera that I'm part of for the James Webb Space Telescope, a big component of our group, in fact, half of the people in our group care about exoplanets. So it was an interesting, a sort of sociological, experiment: how do you (and also technological experiment), how do you build a camera that will satisfy both observations of first galaxies as well as observations of exoplanets themselves. And I think we managed really well. And I'm really looking forward to this exquisite data when we are getting it. Unlike what Uroš was just saying on studying the exoplanet population in general, what we are mostly focusing is individual exoplanets and then trying to understand their structure and what they are made of and what kind of elements do we see, their atmosphere, etcetera. But it's definitely going to be very exciting field and it's going to have a very bright future from all the experiments that will be happening soon. Tanja: So Uroš mentioned the Drake equation and you mentioned a bit about having the possibility of, well, there is maybe a possibility of having intelligent life out there. And you touched on the habitable zone. Maybe you can describe please. What exactly is that? Maybe comment on, what does your intuition tell you about the possibility of intelligent life in space? Uroš: Yes. So, habitable zone. I can talk about habitable zone for sure, habitable zone for stars like our sun is typically defined to be somewhere, let's say between Venus optimistically to Mars, right? So we are, you know, let's say half the way between Venus and Mars in terms of the distance from the sun. And so we are definitely in the right spot for the habitable zone. And that's because, you know, there has to be water, it cannot be frozen and it cannot be paper and it has to have atmosphere. So that's one condition right, that it has to be at the right distance from the sun. And the second condition is that probably has to be a rocky planet, so it probably has to be small enough. So it's not a gaseous planet. So that's what defines the habitable zone. And those are the questions that we can answer. But this Drake's equation, which really is the equation which tells the possibility for, let's say, intelligent life, as I said, has probably, you know, 19 other terms of which I have absolutely nothing useful to say. Therefore I will not say it. Andrej: So I'll maybe expand a couple just with a couple of thoughts on habitability itself. So, habitable zone by itself obviously doesn't guarantee, as Uroš already said, you know, you gotta have a planet, that's right as well. But then you can have habitability outside of the habitable zone. And if we look at our solar system, the hardest moon isn't anywhere near the sun, it's actually one of Jupiter's moons, Io it is the closest moon to Io and tidal heating is what makes it an extreme volcanic world. And Europa, which is the second one is one of the prime targets for exo-life exploration because we have undeniable proof that there's about 30 km worth of a water ocean under the ice of Europa. And we know that there's rock, salt, water connection between them, which is what we hope to understand that this is how life here on Earth, where life here on Earth developed first. So, in terms of habitability, there are endless options. You've got to start somewhere. So the point of a habitable zone, which is exactly what Uroš said, you can't lift too much of volatile gasses into the atmosphere because then you trigger around like greenhouse effect close or even if you put all of them into the atmosphere, they'll still freeze over and, and snow, like dry ice and dry snow. So if it's too cold, it'll just slow back down. So you need to be somewhere in between those regions that it's nice and cozy for life to have water. But let me just share one last thought and this is more of a global thought and then I'm sure someone will throw the Fermi paradox at me after this. But so far as physicists, we observe two irrefutable facts: the first is that physics throughout the universe is universal. And the second is the chemistry throughout the universe is universal. So my question to you guys then is if physics and chemistry is universal, wouldn't it be natural that biology is universal as well? And I'm not claiming that there are humans walking out there, but carbon-based life forms, that's what I would expect to be everywhere in the universe. Uroš: Right. But the diversity can be still very large, even if the underlying physical laws are the same. Andrej: The point I'm trying to make is that there's no place in this universe where we observe the laws of physics to be different. Uroš: The laws, yes. Andrej: Yes. All the distributions, everything else that we see. Absolutely. There is variation. But my argument here is that I see no inherent reason why biology would favor one planet in one galaxy, out of 200 billion solar -well stellar- systems, out of billions of galaxies out there. So it seems only natural to me that there has to be carbon-based life. Uroš: Yeah, so I actually want to add just a little bit to what Andrej said at the beginning, which I forgot to mention earlier. We have all seen the movie Avatar right? And the movie Avatar was actually happening on the moon, circling a planet, a Neptune-like planet, right? And it is indeed quite reasonable to think that moons might actually be a better target for a habitable life. The only problem is that we have not detected a single moon -yet. That certainly is one of the passions of mine to try to detect it. I actually thought I had detected it like a year ago but then it turned out it went away. And the way to detect a moon in my mind at least is to look at the times of the transit of the planets and see if there are small variations in those times. And I think that is the most sensitive way and that's the one I'm actually focusing on. Maruša: Yeah, I can add a little bit to this. I mean all what has been said is absolutely correct. We have no way of saying definitely that's carbon-based life. If you go one step below, intelligent life exists elsewhere. But you know history is teaching us something. Whenever we thought in the past that we are the center of something or we are the only and one thing in the universe, that turned out to be wrong. So I don't see why, you know, there we can be so selfish to think that we are the only intelligent life in this entire universe. We know there are so many stars and galaxies out there that there has to be something else. And if I can give a quote that is not scientific in any sort of way, but comes from Calvin and Hobbes they were saying that “the surest sign that the intelligent life exists is that none of it has contacted us yet”. So I am going to say if I have to make a bet, I would definitely think that there is intelligent life elsewhere. Tanja: Okay, thank you. A lot of interesting points have been made. So my next question would be: we landed our fifth rover on Mars two months ago. If we speculate how could a Mars colony affect astronomy research? what do you think if we would install telescopes or deploy satellites on Mars? Would that provide some advantage over those that are currently located on Earth? Maruša: I can start with this one. So I mean directly for the research that us three are doing this, this kind of rovers aren't providing that much extra information. On the other hand, what we are achieving with these rovers is advancement in technology that's beyond that imaginable. And I firmly believe that such a research should be supported, and it should be there. And it's telling us a lot about planetary formation which is crucial for us to figure out how exoplanets then form. Because of course the easiest way to study us, an exoplanet system is by first looking at the solar system and understanding the very details of how our solar system formed and so that's why I think those are very good endeavors sending people to Mars are something that I support a lot less. I think that's more of a similar to moon landing, it's a little bit of a political battle. But if you think about political battles sending people to the moon actually is what was the reason for the whole Nasa and whole research that happened afterward to have started, and so those kind of things can be extremely helpful in ways that one could not imagine a priori from the get-go. Tanja: Andrej or Uroš, do you have something to add? Uroš: Yeah, let me just add to that. Instead of thinking of scientific research on Mars there is actually an interesting spot which is the dark side of the moon. Where it actually does make sense to send things there. Well it's dark side, right. In other words it's shielded, It doesn't have the turmoil variations. And there are actually reasonably good arguments to send telescopes there and to land on the dark side of the moon and have a telescope station there. I'm also -because I am partly the part of energy one of their projects that they seem to -I'm really excited about- is to do exactly that: to go to the dark side of the moon to measure various things, searching the 21 cm radiation. So these are basically microwaves. For many different reasons, basically this is scientifically interesting. But of course, I suspect there are also political reasons why they're pushing it so hard because they would basically use signs as an excuse to occupy dockside at the dark side of the Moon. Tanja: Okay, thank you. And now, if you switch topics a bit, you are all working at US universities. Would you share some of the advantages or shortcomings that you have experienced during your work? And maybe compared to Slovenian universities and research community? And what would you say that our strength of Slovenian academic space compares to US. Maybe we can start with Maruša? Maruša: Sure. So I'll start with the advantages of Slovenia because I think people often forget that we do have many advantages and one of the main advantages is the level and quality of the education a student is getting from finishing a degree in Slovenia. It's really quite astonishing. And if I compare our students in Slovenia to the student's I’ve done work with in the US I see that I have to spend a lot of time teaching a US student the very basics of astronomy because they have never really received it. So the basic education is definitely a lot better in Slovenia. Also as a professor in US teaching a class of 400 students is kind of an eye opening and you’re feeling like you could be replaced by robots because nobody can, you don't really remember any of your students and you're not giving them anything beyond the actual material that you're teaching. And so there are definitely advantages there. What the disadvantages are in Slovenian universities compared to US universities probably funding and this notion of what we call our one university where university itself supports research, basic research itself. In Slovenian universities as a professor you have to teach. And then if you manage to get your own projects started you might be able to do a lot more research but the sort of the resources are usually limited and we also have a very limited resources for telescope access which in the US Is definitely better from that point of view. But as always in life there are always advantages and disadvantages. And I think Slovenia often thinks of itself as inferior to US. But in many cases this is not the case I think. Uroš: Yeah. Okay so let me let me go second. I think… well I certainly went through Slovenian university education and I got a very strong undergraduate education and so I believe that in terms of education Slovenian universities are on par with the best universities here. And moreover because of the high school level the students are probably better educated in Slovenia than here then there's probably some advantage there. I would only -in terms of what we could learn, what Slovenia could learn from, let's say US I would perhaps emphasize the research component. A lot of undergraduate students here do research as part of their training. There's a lot of incentive to do research in terms of grants. There's a lot of incentive from the students themselves to do research because they know that when they apply to the graduate school for example they will need recommendation letters from the research advisors and not just from the teachers. And so this is the component that I personally would like to highlight as something that I would like to see more in Slovenia, and I hope this can be changed. I will try to do something about it myself as well. But I would say this is perhaps the most important difference. The consequences, basically, at least in my field, are that if you get an application from a Slovenian student and if that student has not had any research experience then the student is not competitive at the graduate school level because just reading that the students got a ten in a class that's not good enough for graduate school. So that's really something that should be emphasized more at undergraduate level in Slovenia. Andrej: So as everybody is used to this, I'm echoing more or less what's already been said. I teach smaller classes. So my classes here in the major (I'm talking within the astro-major) is typically between 10 and 15 students -which is much more manageable, and it does give us an opportunity to train them to be future astronomers. Villanova is also one of those institutions that prides itself in undergrad research. So as part of the undergrad curriculum, while we do not require a formal thesis, we do require a research project, that has to be presented at least at a national level and published at least in some shape or form. Without that, they cannot graduate. And so if you apply this across the entire generation of students, you can imagine that the efforts to get them there is substantial. Now, I truly agree. I would actually go even further to what Uroš said. I would say even the best institutions here because they're pulling from such a varied background of people, Slovenia does not have that problem. It's much more uniform. So because of that it's easier to provide the entry level of knowledge that it's more uniform across the entire country. Whereas here you're pulling from all walks of life and as you do that, you essentially go to the least common denominator and go from there, which really puts a burden onto the instructors to convey all the knowledge. And because of that, primarily because of that, I think the Slovenian education system higher education system is superior to the US. However, for exactly the reasons mentioned by my colleagues, access to research in general, observing facilities funding, and so on, makes the experience here much better because we're not going to be tested for the rest of our lives. We're going to be doing research for the rest of our lives. So if you're exposed to this research, you're exposing them to their life in academia that awaits them. And then the disadvantage of Slovenian education that I see is because university is not something you pay for, and the degree is not something you purchase, essentially, there's a whole lot of self-patting on the back and arrogance, and this fundamental division between professors and postdocs and graduate students and undergrads where it's almost like a cast where you belong. You kind of need to know the rules of engagement there, which I really did not appreciate. And to this point, I don't hear students are treated with much more finesse, I will say you try to help the students rather than students being there because you are so good. It's your job to really teach the students be their very best. So, this person ability is what I miss. And mind you, I'm talking about the department of Physics, which is probably one of the most personable because it's the smallest in all of the University of Liubliana. But I would argue that we in Slovenia that we could do much better than what we're doing so far. So yeah, I think as Maruša said, there are pros and cons, and sometimes pros outweigh the cons. And I think for, for the three of us, the pros of being in the United States outweighed the pros of being in Slovenia. That's why we are here. But it really is a decision that everybody makes for themselves based on the pros and cons. Maruša: I might add a comment on this on your last comment, Andrej, about, you know, about casts and such. I mean, a paid university system also has its huge drawbacks. And one of them that we have increasingly been seeing lately is entitlement in a sense, “I paid for this, so you have to provide me a service”. And the service needs to some people take it in a good way, and some people also take it in a really bad way. It's like, “I don't need to do anything, you have to provide everything for me”. And so it can, the paid universities can create drawbacks. It can also it can also be very disadvantaged for students with low income or parents who haven't had degrees. And I find that whole paid university to be really quite problematic and so in no way would I want to advocate this for Slovenia. But what I do, what I do think we can indeed do better is to be more approachable to students and the students do not feel like there is a caste system. Because it really isn't. Really we are there for you and, and you're there for your education, not that students are there for us. So I think, introducing paid system though would make more harm than good. Andrej: I fully agree; when it comes to education, I'm as far left as you can imagine. And so I certainly never advocate any paid system. In fact, I advocate that the debate system here stops, even if that cost me my job, given that I'm teaching at a private university. But ultimately, I fully agree. It is just, I feel that when it puts you as a professor in a different position considering the clientele that you're serving. So our students are there because of you, or are you there because of your students? And it seems to me that egos sometimes get those two confused. Why someone is where. Andrej: I agree. I fully agree. But ultimately the expertise lies in us and we pass it on. So it's kind of a two-way street work. The universities need both faculty and students. Tanja: Okay. In your opinion, how can Slovenia compete in the fields of astronomy and astrophysics? For example in Slovenia we have a startup called Skylights which is developing nanosatellites, and there is a big trend over using nanosatellites for different purposes. Do you think that nanosatellites can be used to replace space telescopes or even provide some advantages over using land telescopes? And do you think that such a company can be relevant to the development of your field in Slovenia? Maruša, you can start. Maruša: Okay. I mean, the company making nanosatellites, it's mostly technological advantages that you get from these satellites, and that's a really great thing. In terms of astronomy it really depends on what you, what you do with them because if you think about the case of Starling, which sent a lot of satellites into space, what it costs for astronomy is a lot of headaches because all these satellites are causing streaks in the sky that we have to remove from our astronomical data. So, in the end, for astronomy they are doing a lot more harm than good. Regarding what is what Slovenia would need to advance this presence even further, I think one of the main things is access to telescope time, which Slovenia is lacking in this case, and of course lack of funding is the other problem. But all the European countries, for example, are joined in the European southern observatory scheme where you can apply for telescope time in Chile. Slovenia does not have this access, and as an observational astronomer, that's probably one of the biggest drawbacks of Slovenia in terms of astronomy landscape. Tanja: Andrej maybe? Andrej: Funding funding, funding, funding, funding, funding. I really think I can't overstress this enough. A recent NSF study has shown that each dollar invested into science returns five-fold. It's a 500% return on the investment. Let that sink in for just a second. 500% return. The problem is that you don't know who collects those 500%, right? It's not a single investor that can collect that. But R and D in general in fundamental science results in a 5-fold increase. If a country wants to prosper, this is such an obvious direction where an overall prosperity can thrive. If you invest more into fundamental research. So I would say: funding funding, funding, funding, funding, and then, a little bit more funding. Uroš: I actually I wanna bring up the thought that maybe there are opportunities where we do not need to invest at least in the telescopes. And this may also connect to your next question, which is the data science aspect of astronomy. Astronomy is an amazing field in the sense that you could be sifting through the data, through lots of data, and looking for something interesting in here, and then a lot of that data is actually public. You know, for example, the data from Nasa satellites that Andrej and myself are working on, that's all public: you can just go and do it. And so this certainly is an opportunity where I think Slovenia could if it’s interested become a leader in it. Especially since it is already quite strong in machine learning and artificial intelligence. And combining those two aspects, I believe this could actually be a winning strategy for Slovenia without actually investing into, without actually paying for, the satellites or telescopes or whatever. Tanja: Okay, since you already started with my last question… Do you Maruša and Andrej have any further opinions on how artificial intelligence in Slovenia can help advance the field of astrophysics? Maruša: Yeah, I definitely agree with Uroš. That's a really good opportunity for Slovenia to tap into because the initial investment to do such science is actually not huge. And so you can do a lot with a very efficient computer cluster. Slovenia has historically been good in theoretical research, in general. With theoretical, I'm here now including the data science aspect of it. And so I definitely think this could be an excellent way to go forward. Andrej: And I will just mention that I usually dislike artificial intelligence to be separated from data science. It sounds to me that artificial intelligence again sounds like hype words that people latch onto. The truth is exactly what Uroš and Maruša had said. And that is data science in itself is something that Slovenian undergrads and grads really get it supposed to quite well. The issue still remains that I maintain this point that if you want to really make a difference, you have to funnel money into that. So while yes, you don't have to pay for observatories and you don't have to pay for large corporation memberships and so on because the data are public, you do need to have people well paid so that you stop the brain drain, you stop people feeling uncertain about their future. And those that are best will really make a difference. So pursue data science, which is a forte of Slovenia's education, but pursuing responsibly so that you realize what you have. And it is an as up your sleeve, and I agree with Uroš: Slovenia could take the leadership role in all of this, but not without extensive funding. I really think that it needs to become more than just a niche. It has to be a trademark if you will a signature of Slovenian expertise that really distinguishes itself, and you know what, when we see applicants (going back to Uroš’s point) from Slovenia, I usually have a trigger reaction. This person is going to be really good at data science. And sometimes it won't happen, but most times it will. And because of that, I think, fostering that further and investing significantly in that, I think they're very, very juicy food. Uroš: And let me just add to that actually in terms of investment, what kind of investment. In this context I would actually like to emphasize that starting with a maybe supercomputer center that is available and that is based on proposals that people apply to and get a CPU that’s computer time. If their project because it is good, I think that would be a fantastic way to start because it would serve many different communities, not just astro-people right, but also everybody else, and it would be peer reviewed based, and it would be a real investment. So, you know, supercomputer center. What we need, you know in my research group, you know, we are doing data science, what do we need? We need a supercomputer, right? We need a Gpu cluster, the CPU classes and things like that, so, and that's what makes the difference for us. Tanja: Okay, we are slowly coming to the end of this episode. We would like to thank you for such a great conversation. And before closing off is there may be a book, an article or maybe a podcast that you would recommend to our listeners, which would be further interested in today's topic of discussion. Andrej: Let me go first because I don't have any of those to recommend. My recommendation would be to go outside have a life. One of my greatest passions is scuba diving. If you've never tried it (and if you don't have problems with your ears) go try it! It's amazing! You find aliens down there that look nothing like what you're used to. So my suggestion really is get your nose out of the book. There's a whole world out there worth exploring. So make sure that you spend some quality time outside. Maruša: Yeah, I would like to add to this that you know, in nowadays we're too connected to the digital world. Getting out of it is actually fantastic. And rather than maybe reading a book at home, visiting public lectures of which there are many also in Slovenia, it's probably a better way to spend your time and talk one on one with scientists. See how they're thinking, see how they act, how they go about with their life. Because I mean, I myself, as a little kid went to astronomy camps and got excited about astronomy that way. And you know, no zoom session or podcast or anything would have replaced that because that's the best way to drive the curiosity. Uroš: Yes. I also don't have anything specific, but I will encourage everybody. Yes. The search for material, there's a lot of material on Youtube and Google and you basically just typing the topic of interest. That's how I do it. If I'm interested in learning something I type it in, and then, you know, something interesting comes up. Right, And then I listen to the lecture on that topic or maybe read an article over there. That's, that's the best way. Basically what I'm trying to say is we're learning all of our lives rather life. And I encourage everybody to do the same. Tanja: Well thank you all for joining us in this podcast. And to our audience, we hope you enjoyed this podcast episode. We will be glad to hear your feedback! You can send us an email to |||EMAIL_ADDRESS||| Please follow us on social media to learn more about our professors, fellows, and many other activities that are hosted by ASEF. We hope to see you on our next episode, where we will discuss fields of artificial intelligence.

Gatekeeper Systems is one of the leading provider of intelligent video and data solutions designed to provide a safer transportation environment that makes high performance applications. Along with G4connect software, they also designed some of the best products that i have listed below. Outdoor security cameras are one of the surest methods of protecting one’s home or business. Their purpose is not only to prevent any incidents like burglary but also to encourage safety through surveillance. When it comes to Gatekeeper’s exterior cameras, one doesn’t have to be worried about the image quality. They were made to be tough during their manufacturing process and have been tested before being made available for purchase. It is essential for outdoor cameras to have a natural resistance to certain environments such as immunity to rain without having any hindrance in their software. There have been cases where they have been destroyed by thunderstorms and lightning. Gatekeeper makes their exterior camera withstand various temperatures, moisture, and shock conditions while delivering all the imagery and videos. Some such cameras are the rear vision system, SP25 stop arm camera system, TX242 IP 1080p camera, etc. There are so many advantages to interior cameras or dash cams. They provide evidence, reduce road rage, or can also monitor new drivers. Another added benefit is the reduced insurance premiums. Gatekeeper ensures the picture quality of their interior cameras is reliable and undeniable. They not only ensure the safety of the driver but the passengers as well. These cameras are made to have visibility to every activity that takes place inside the vehicle in outstanding video quality with high resolution. Some of them are TXMW-12 IP camera, S3i IP camera, S370 camera, TW202 IP 1080p camera, T1252 IP 1080p camera, etc. The intelligent temperature sensing system was solely developed for measuring the body temperature of individuals. Due to the recent pandemic and multiple lockdowns, there were certain restrictions on public places and transport. Gatekeeper has the Intelligent Temperature Sensing System which is to be used by individuals entering any building or vehicle. One’s body temperature can be measured quickly with accuracy through artificial intelligence, video analytics, and thermal cameras. One doesn’t have to worry about the installation of this system since is quite simple. It not only keeps the employees or passengers safe but also ensures their environment stays healthy. Not only does this allows the employees to work in their offices without any worries but also makes transportation safe for students while they travel. Another essential thing provided by Gatekeeper is the ALE or the Automated Lane Enforcement. ALE is used for automatic enforcement of transit law violations. Not only does it records video evidence in case of traffic violations but also has a simple process of extraction of those videos. Some of the advantages of having ALE are reduction of congestion, making traffic routes safer and improving their timings, etc. Whatever video and data evidence the ALE captures are then uploaded to the cloud based server to check for any violations with the help of artificial intelligence. All kinds of important information such as license plates, time, date, location, etc. are recorded by the ALE. The most important pro of using ALE is the protection of all pedestrians and passengers from reckless drivers who violate traffic rules. A DVR or Digital Video Recorder is used for recording video to local storage devices such as a hard drive, SD memory card, USB flash drive, etc. It can do both recording analog videos from the current place or capturing them from a digital force. DVR not only costs less money but is also easy to operate and one can be worriless regarding the signal loss. Gatekeeper provides the users of DVR Recorders with the experience of any type of definition video besides the excellent storage capacity. Some of such examples are V35 v3, 508HD4A, Y816-R, y724, etc. Gatekeeper has the DVRs that would support about 25 cameras inside the bus. One of the things a parent is worried about is when they have to let their children go outside for school. The most dangerous part of their journey to and from school; is when they cross the street to get on or get off the school bus. Gatekeeper’s School Bus Student Protector is a video and data analytics solution. This system is for protecting the children when they are most vulnerable and for reducing stop-arm infractions. The system is designed to detect deployment of stop-arm and record the violation as video and data evidence. Such evidence is then uploaded into the cloud based server. Finally, the uploaded evidence is used for creating citations with the help of Gatekeeper’s ticketing software. Gatekeeper came up with Clarity as the integrated video as well as a school bus operating platform for counting the number of passengers. This platform is quite impressive in its functions of dispatch, payroll, and scheduling for enabling operations. One does not have to depend on logs or spreadsheets, but simply use CLARITY for monitoring and carrying out regular operations with the data and analytics from technological solutions. Real time updates through GPS data, the ability to clock in or out through a phone, and setting up schedules in the calendar are the multiple things available in a single platform of Clarity. The different function that clarity can perform includes dispatch, routing, dashboard, time management, scheduling, payroll, passenger counting, and analytics. Wireless networking was a revolutionary invention due to its various advantages such as access and availability, security, increase in efficiency, flexibility, and many more. Gatekeeper’s wireless services can be used for streaming a live video with a cellular network or downloading incidents with a prescheduled WIFI system. It can be used for health check-ups for multiple fleets or yards. Mobile Wifi or internet access is available for school buses as well. The access points make it easier to get information. Instead of going from bus to bus one to collect a hard drive or SD card one can simply download or stream the video from a computer. Gatekeeper developed the G4 Vision and Viewer to make it easier for one to find videos, share data as well as clips and save incidents. Whether it be a simple mobile or an office desktop, one can get access to all kinds of data at any time or place of their choice. Some of the main features of G4 Vision include live video streaming emergency alerting button, monitoring the health of the camera and DVR, using cellular or WiFi for adjusting the DVR settings, tracking real time with GPS, and connecting DVR with third party applications, etc. There are so many advantages to such a system like protection of passengers, improving the efficiency of operations, verification of events, monitoring of equipment, capturing live video, etc. Gatekeeper is responsible for making so many things safer and easier since the pandemic since their aim is to protect ‘people in transit’. They have been providing a safer option for transportation to passengers as well as school children through different modes of transportation. It is also making public transit such as rail, bus, and school buses safer and protecting the police or paramedics through various features such as live streaming and video evidence.

Robert Z. Lawrence is the Albert L. Williams Professor of International Trade and Investment at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. He is also a Senior Fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics in Washington, D.C. and a Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research. He served as a Member of President Clinton’s Council of Economic Advisors from March 1999 to January 2001.

When crises have hit in her community in Broughton, Keri has stepped forward with helping hands and a willing spirit time and time again. When floods devastated her estate in 2015, over 250 houses were flooded with many people without kitchens, furniture, or insuranceto help put people’s homes and lives back together. Keri worked with neighbours tirelessly, getting donated carpets, furniture, making and distributing food to elderly neighbours. She was amazed by the community spirit and strength in this time of incredible hardship and this galvanised Keri’s role as a community leader. "I do live and breathe Salford; I want every person to shine and know their worth. For me, togetherness is the key: inspiring people, connecting groups and communities. I just want to say, “Be proud my friends and shine"." Keri’s efforts have not only brought people together in crises, but in joy and celebration as well. She helps run events in her local park and helps coordinate drama and dance classes for young people, to give thema sense of fun, belonging and aspiration. When The Lowry brought Paines Plough’s Roundabout - the UK’s first fully accessible, demountable and portable theatre to Broughton - Keri’s work with the local schools and clubs connected the community’s established activity to this exciting pop-up creative hub. Keri’s drive not only supports those who need it, but spurs others to do so.

Using rsync command in Linux to transfer or synchronize files locally and remotely. - Linux machine Step 1: Installing Rsync Install rsync by using the following commands. For Debian/Ubuntu Linux Distributions sudo apt-get install -y rsync For Fedora/CentOS Linux Distributions sudo yum install -y rsync Step 2: Rsync Command Syntax In short, rsync can be used to synchronize files either local-to-local or local-to-remote. Listed below are the basic syntax of this command. Local-to-Local: rsync [option]... [src]... [dest] Local-to-Remote: rsync [option]... [src]... [user@host:dest] Remote-to-Local: rsync [option]... [user@]host:src]... [dest] option : rsync options src : source directory dest : destination directory user : remote username host : remote hostname or IP address -a or –archive, specifies rsync to sync directories while also transferring special and block devices, preserving symbolic links, modification times, groups, ownership, and permissions. -z or –compress, forces rsync to compress the data that is sent to the destination machine. -P or –partial-progress, shows progress bar and tells rsync to keep partially transferred files. –delete, deletes irrelevant files in the destination location. Usually used for mirroring purposes. -q or –quiet, silences non-error messages. -e, allows rsync to use a different shell, by default rsync uses ssh. Step 3: Rsync Command Usage (Local-to-Local) The most basic usage of rsync is copying a file to another location, as shown in the example below. rsync -a /opt/myfile.txt /home/ Next, you can also change the file name while performing the copying operation, simply by specifying the new file name in the directory section, as shown below. rsync -a /opt/myfile.txt /home/myfile_newname.txt Finally, you can synchronize an entire directory (i.e. to do backup) and copy it to another directory by using the following command. rsync -a /var/www/html/mywebsite/ /var/www/html/mywebsite_backup/ Step 4: Rsync Command Usage (Local-to-Remote) To use rsync for synchronizing data between a local and remote machine, both machines must have rsync installed. By default, SSH is used as the remote shell for file transfer. The usage of rsync to transfer data from local to remote is similar to that of local-to-local operations, but with the addition of the remote user and IP address. To transfer data from a local machine to remote machine, use the following command. rsync -a /home/user/myfolder/ [remote_user]@[remote_host_or_ip]:/opt/myfolder To transfer data from a remote machine to a local machine, use the following command. rsync -a [remote_user]@[remote_host_or_ip]:/opt/myfolder /home/user/myfolder/ Step 5: Set Rsync Bandwidth Speed Limit Sometimes, the rsync utility would use up all the bandwidth and I/O capabilities of the machine, causing it to slow down significantly. To prevent this, an extra step is needed when formulating the command. To set rsync transfer speed limit, include the –bwlimit flag in your command. This flag specifies the maximum transfer speed in kilobytes, and its usage is shown in the following examples. The following example sets a local rsync operation to have a transfer speed limit of 5,000 Kbps. rsync -a --bwlimit=5000 /var/www/html/mywebsite/ /var/www/html/mywebsite_backup/ The following example sets a local rsync operation to have a transfer speed limit of 8,000 Kbps. rsync -a --bwlimit=8000 /home/user/myfolder/ [remote_user]@[remote_host_or_ip]:/opt/myfolder Step 6: Using Rsync on a Non-Standard SSH Port By default, rsync uses SSH for its remote shell, which is on port 22. However, most instances tend to modify their SSH port number due to security concerns. You can specify the remote shell using the -e flag, as shown in the syntax below. rsync -a -e 'ssh -p [port-number]' /home/user/myfolder/ [remote_user]@[remote_host_or_ip]:/opt/myfolder For example, if the SSH port is changed to 2211, then the command would look like the following. rsync -a -e 'ssh -p 2211' /home/user/myfolder/ [remote_user]@[remote_host_or_ip]:/opt/myfolder