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If you notice your dog shaking, it could be normal or it could be a sign of something more serious: dog tremors. To know if your dog’s shaking is abnormal, it first helps to learn about what can cause shaking, trembling and shivering in dogs. Is it a tremor — or something else? A dog might shake, tremble or shiver when he is cold, fearful, stressed, anxious, nervous, or even happy and excited. Dogs might also shake, shiver or tremble if they are sick or in pain. Tremors can look a lot like shaking, but they are inherently different. “The definition of a tremor is an involuntary, rhythmic, muscle contraction and relaxation of one or more body parts,” explains Michelle Murray, DVM, MS, Dipl. ACVIM (Neurology), CCRT, owner of NEST Veterinary Neurology in San Clemente, California. “This would, in many cases, outwardly look like shaking. Some types of tremors/movement disorders occur all the time, some occur only during standing and some only occur during exercise.” Seizures can also look like tremors. One major difference — a dog is usually awake and aware during an episode of tremors. With seizures, the dog is typically unconscious or less aware of his surroundings (he might seem “out of it”). What causes dog tremors? “There are many things that can cause tremors, or movement disorders, in dogs,” Dr. Murray says. “The study of tremors in animals is extremely complex. Additionally, there are many causes of tremors that are poorly understood, making treating them even more difficult.” Two things cause dog tremors: diseases of muscle (called myopathies) or diseases of the nervous system (neuropathies and brain disorders). Tremors caused by muscle diseases can be inherited (the dog is born with that predisposition to developing that disease), acquired (caused by another disorder, such as hypothyroidism or Cushing’s disease) or caused by metabolic deficiencies. “The common denominator with all of the myopathies (muscle diseases) is that the muscle membrane is not working properly, thus the muscle fibers are not contracting/relaxing normally,” Dr. Murray explains. “Neurologic causes of tremors involve abnormalities in the nerve signals going to the muscles. Clinically, these patients may tremor just like a dog with a muscle disease, however the disease is affecting the nerve cells, rather than the muscle cells.” Neurologic causes of tremors may also be inherited, or caused by toxins, the distemper virus and brain diseases. Is your dog more at risk for tremors? Some breeds are predisposed to certain tremors/movement disorders. Just a few include Bulldogs, Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, Chow Chows, Dalmatians, Doberman Pinschers, Great Danes, Golden Retrievers, Miniature Schnauzers, Samoyeds, Scottish Terriers and Springer Spaniels. A specific tremor disorder called white shaker dog syndrome affects small white dogs like Maltese, Poodles and West Highland White Terriers. What to do about dog tremors If you suspect that your dog is having tremors, it’s important to have him examined by a veterinarian as soon as possible. Even though you might not be able to distinguish between shaking, tremors or seizures, it’s always a good idea to get your vet’s opinion when your dog is shaking or trembling and you can’t determine the cause. How are dog tremors diagnosed? “Since there are so many causes of tremors, involving various components of the nervous system, the diagnostic tests that we perform can vary widely,” Dr. Murray explains. “Because of this, the most important first step is a detailed, thorough history, physical exam and neurological exam.” The vet will consider your dog’s genetic background, breed, age, travel history, vaccination history, whether any littermates are affected with the same symptoms, your dog’s diet and possible exposure to toxins. It is especially helpful to provide a very detailed description of what the tremors look like. Ideally, record a quick video on your phone when your dog is exhibiting the shaking or tremors in case they subside before your appointment. Your vet will likely want to perform blood work and urinalysis, and possibly test for specific toxins if she suspects your dog is suffering from exposure to a poison. More advanced testing might include nerve and muscle biopsies, an MRI of the brain, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and possibly genetic testing if you suspect an inherited disease. How are dog tremors treated? “Treatment options vary widely depending on the underlying cause,” Dr. Murray explains. “If the tremors are benign and stop on their own, or only occur occasionally, we may not recommend treatment at all. With some of the causes, there are no effective treatments. The prognosis ultimately depends on the underlying cause and can vary widely.” Thumbnail: Photography ©alex_ugalek | iStock / Getty Images Plus. 7 thoughts on “What Causes Dog Tremors — And Is It a Tremor or Something Else?” Both my Shih tzu dogs have cushings disease (pituitary) and they are 11 yrs old (same litter). My female I have noticed several times, her front leg tremors. Could this be a symtom of the cushings disease? They are not on any medication for cushings disease yet. I have a 4 year old goldendoodle that started having diagnosed epileptic seizures when he was 26 mo’s. old. He is now almost 4 1/2 and has had a total of 11 seizures. They last about 45 sec. to 1 min. I have hime on a strict Bravo raw meat diet with added supplements and CDB every day. He’s only been on the raw diet for about 4 months but on the CBD for about 1 1/2 yrs. I just don’t know how long to give the holistic approach a chance and put him on seizure meds. Are these seizures life threatening? My little Havenesse started having seizures around this or before this time last year . We weaned her off her seizure medicine and has been seizure free . The last few days she sleeps in her kennel a lot . Normally she sleeps by my side . Last night she had me me up a lot to drink and go to the bathroom . We went back to sleep and she was very restless and her back legs twitched with that it made it impossible for her to sleep . I think her laying in her kennel it’s more confined and she can lay on her legs so they don’t twitch . Do you have any feedback of what you think I should do regarding this matter ? Or should I just keep an eye on her ? My jack Russell is on pedicare on a reduced dose he has started to have body tremors we been to vet today but it has got worse this evening could it be the medication Sorry to hear this! We suggest keeping in touch with your vet. Hope your dog feels better soon! Now I know . Regarding tremors and shaking — I’m surprised that Chihuahuas weren’t mentioned in the list of susceptible breeds !

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DARLINGTON, SC (WBTW) – A single-vehicle crash in Darlington County leaves five people dead, including one unborn child, and multiple others injured. According to Darlington County Coroner Todd Hardee, the crash happened before midnight Friday on Rogers Road. Hardee initially reported that two unborn children were killed in the crash but later corrected that information to be one unborn child and another child who was in the vehicle, but that child’s age was not released. The vehicle carrying eleven people was traveling east and at some point left the road and overturned, according to the South Carolina Highway Patrol. The driver and two other passengers were thrown from the vehicle and died. Hardee identifies the victims as Leonard Rouse, 52, Nakisha Rouse, 14, both of Darlington, Chikari Douglas-Rouse, 28, and her unborn child, and Baby Boy Douglas-Graham, of Hartsville. The remaining people in the car were also thrown out and taken to McLeod Hospital with serious injuries, according to SCHP. One person is still in critical condition after surgery. Two children are being air lifted to MUSC, according to Hardee. Hardee adds that one of the occupants of the vehicle was in labor and was being driven to the hospital for the delivery at the time of the crash. The driver and two passengers who died were not wearing seatbelts. The crash remains under investigation by SCHP. “This collision represents largest loss of life in a single collision in over 20 years in Darlington County,” said Hardee. On Monday House Representative Robert Williams and others gathered at a house on Southern Pines Road to ask the community for support for the family and the victims, according to Carrie Lunn, mother of one of the victims. Lunn says the family has a go fund me account but encourages donors to give funds directly to the family through a Carolina Bank account in Darlington. Lunn says two babies underwent surgery at Medical University of South Carolina in Charleston and a girl is still undergoing multiple surgeries at McLeod Health. The family needs help paying for the repeated trips to MUSC in addition to meals and funeral expenses. The family is working on funeral arrangements. FLORENCE, S.C. (WBTW) - The Florence Center is hosting the Florence Summer Carnival starting July 3-12. Family fun, rides, concessions and many more for all to enjoy. Even though the Covid-19 pandemic continues, fair manager, Hubert Bullard ensures that anyone that comes here for a good time will be safe. "All of the carnival rides are going to be sanitized everyday before opening," Bullard says.

To add shapes in Google Sheets, you simply have to navigate to Insert > Drawing > New and then select the shapes you wish to add. If you need a more detailed guide on how to insert shapes in Google Docs with screenshots, read on. Improve Your Writing Let’s face it, there are not many among us that are perfect at Grammar. Luckily there’s Grammarly that can help with that, and it works perfectly with Google Docs. Download Grammarly today and try it out. How to Add Shapes on Google Docs Using the Drawings Tool The Google Drawings tool is a diagram creation tool offered by Google, which is natively built-in to add shapes to Google Docs. While Google Drawings is a separate service, you can view it from within Google Documents without leaving the page. Google Drawings is not a Photoshop alternate, so don’t expect to make complex images with it. Nonetheless, it will let you create and modify simple diagrams and shapes. A drawing can include just one shape or numerous shapes if you wish to arrange several shapes together. Here is how to draw shapes in Google Docs using the Drawings tool: - Open Google Docs in your web browser and create or open an existing document. - Click on the Insert option in the main toolbar. - Choose the Drawing option. - Now click on the New option. If you wish to add an existing drawing with the shapes you wish to insert, click on the From Drive option and choose your drawing. - If you decide to make a new drawing, you will see a pop-up window for Google Drawings. Click on the Shapes icon from the ribbon. - You will see a list of sub-menus under the Shapes menu. These include Shapes, Arrows, Equations, and Call outs. Choose any shape you wish to insert. Click and drag your cursor across the drawing area using your trackpad or mouse. - After you add your shape, format it by changing the transparency, border size, color, and more. - Now from the menu, choose the options for formatting that you want to apply. After you are done formatting, click on the Save and close option. The shape will be inserted into the document. - You will be able to see your drawing in the document. You can move it or adjust the size, and if you wish to edit it, double-click on your shape or you may also select the shape and choose the Edit option from the menu. How to Add Shapes in Google Docs Using Images Google’s Drawings tool isn’t a good option if you wish to make detailed images. Instead, you can use a photo editor such as GIMP or Photoshop and insert them as pictures into the document. You can also use the built-in Google search function to search and insert different shapes. Here is how to add a shape in Google Docs by adding Images: - Open your Google Doc and click on the Insert option from the menu, which will open a drop-down menu. - Here, click on the Images option. - Now select the Upload from computer option. If you wish to find an image through Google search, click the Search the web option. - If you are uploading an image, locate and upload it using the Windows File Explorer pop-up window or the Mac Finder. When your image is uploaded, Google Documents will insert it immediately. If you want to look for an image with shapes, use the search bar in the menu from the right side of the doc. After locating the image, choose the image and click on the Open button towards the bottom-right part of the window to insert it into the document. - After inserting the image, you may adjust the size directly in your document. You may also make changes like adding a border. You can do this by right-clicking on your image and choosing the Image options button from the drop-down menu. This will bring up a menu on the right with the options to image editing. How to Get Shapes on Google Docs Using Special Characters You can insert shapes and images around your text using text wrapping. If you wish to insert shapes directly into text in Google Docs, the best option would be to use special characters. You can use this to add shape-like things to your text. You may format this like regular text, using color, font, size, and other options. Here is how you can get shapes on Google Docs using special characters: - Open your Google Docs and click on the Insert option from the ribbon. - Choose the Special Characters option. - Look through the character list in the Insert special characters window to locate the shapes you wish to insert. Or, you can use a search box to find certain forms. You can also use the drawing tool under it to draw and manually search for shapes. - Move your cursor over the special characters for a larger description and preview. Choose a special character from the list on the left to insert it. This will add it to the document. Choosing the character only once will add it once. However, you can choose it repeatedly to add other characters. - When special characters are inserted, you can adjust the text formatting settings. Using the mouse, choose the special character, then use the formatting menu to adjust its font, emphasis, font size, color, and other settings. Google Docs Insert Shape Using Squares There is an additional method you can use to insert a simple square shape into Google Documents. It can be edited with color and customized borders and have text placed right into it. Inserting a table is one way to accomplish this. Although a table can only be rectangular or square, it provides benefits over the other shapes. For example, constructing a table is the ideal approach to including easily editable text inside a shape. Here is how to insert shapes in Google Docs using tables: - Open the Google Doc, and click on the Insert option. - Click on the Table option and the table size from the menu. Using a 1×1 size table will stretch it across the document horizontally. If you would like the table to be small while still allowing you to add any size of text, then choose a larger size. - After inserting a table, you can resize it and change the backdrop color. You can even hide the lines and change line thickness by right-clicking on them and clicking on Table properties. Click on Color, then you can change the parameters for the Table border and Cell background color. How to Insert Shapes in Google Docs Mobile There is no built-in integration for Google Drawings in Docs, which is why the only way you can add shapes to Docs on mobile is by using images. You can use free icons from services like flaticons and add them as images to your documents. Here is how to insert a shape in Google Docs mobile: - Open Google Docs on mobile and open the document to which you wish to add the image. - On the document edit screen, click the Plus icon in the main toolbar towards the top. This will show the insert menu towards the bottom of the screen. - Click on the Image button, where you can select the source of the image. - Select the From photos option here, as we already have the image saved on the phone. You can also choose the From camera or the From web option. - Your phone’s native image picker will open, where you can select the image that will then be added to the document. Related: How to Insert Text Box in Google Sheets In summary, when learning how to insert shapes in Google Docs, the simplest way is to head to Insert > Drawing > New and then select the shapes you wish to add. On the other hand, if you need complex shapes, you should make them on a different program and then add them as images.

Is this product review positive? Title: MUCH quieter than the Master Blaster Review: We use the Metro Master Blaster (4HP) at my salon, and they are very powerful. This dryer seemed very powerful when I tried it on my skin with the cone condenser-it seemed every bit as powerful if not more than the Master Blaster. However when I dried a thick-coated golden with it, it felt a little less powerful, BUT, it still dried her in probably the same about of time as it would have taken with the Master Blaster. Best part: WAY more QUIET. Much quieter than the Master Blaster. It's about the equivalent to a vacuum cleaner. Over-all, very satisfied. The brush attachment and the flat attachment are pretty much worthless though. I love how much more quiet this one is. Answer: Answer: Yes

Int J STD AIDS. 2013 Jan;24(1):67-9. doi: 10.1258/ijsa.2012.012167. Epub 2013 May 6. Intraurethral condylomata acuminata associated with genital piercings. Takahashi S1, Hirano Y, Kawamura T, Homma Y. Department of Urology, The Fraternity Memorial Hospital. A 33-year-old man was referred to our institution with papillary masses at the urethral meatus and difficulty urinating. Genital examination showed two piercings on the frenulum, which were penetrating the external urethra. Endoscopic examination revealed papillary tumours over the entire circumference of the penile urethra and the piercing site. The tumours were resected transurethrally. Microscopic examination revealed condylomata acuminata. Human papillomavirus types 6 and 66 were detected in the lesions. Retrograde urethral viral infection is rare because of the protection provided by the mucosal immune system. Genital piercing may have facilitated spread of the human papillomavirus into the urethra.

Daylight saving: Its history and how to cope with the transition to standard time This year’s daylight saving ended on Nov. 1. Here’s how to cope with shorter winter days. This year’s daylight saving time officially ended at 2 a.m. on Sunday, Nov. 1. According to a CBS News article, approximately seven in 10 Americans “prefer not to switch back and forth to mark daylight saving time.” Although an inconvenience for many, daylight saving time was once an efficient way to save electricity. Understanding the history of daylight saving time might give you some perspective on its importance and help you adjust to standard time. The concept of adjusting time to match the changes in seasons can be traced back to ancient civilizations. The Romans, for instance, changed the number of minutes in each hour to 44 minutes during the winter and to 75 minutes during the summer. In the modern world, the concept of shifting clocks forward during the summer months is believed to have emerged in 1905. William Willett, a British builder, proposed the idea of moving the clocks forward by 80 minutes between the months of April and October. After publishing his famous brochure, “The Waste of Daylight,” Willett took his idea to British Parliament on four occasions. His plan was met with opposition from other citizens and members of Parliament, and was subsequently rejected. Willmett died of influenza in 1915, and his idea was adopted in 1916, two years into World War I. Germany was the first country to adopt daylight saving time in an attempt to lower electricity use. Just like Germany, other European countries involved in the war faced major coal shortages. By shifting the clocks back an hour, citizens could take advantage of natural light and rely on electricity less. In the United States, this change was implemented in 1918 for the same reasons. Although introduced in 1918, the United States repealed the daylight saving act just seven months after passing it. However, multiple cities, including Boston and New York, continued to use it, which caused some confusion among individuals that traveled across state lines. In 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt introduced daylight saving time at the national level but enforcement of it ceased in 1945. It wasn’t the United States passed the Uniform Time Act of 1966 that there was a national consensus on time changes. Since then, daylight saving standards have been changed a couple of times to adjust to national issues. Currently, all states follow the rules set forth by the Energy Policy Act of 2005. Per this law, clocks are set an hour back on the first Sunday of November at 2 a.m. local time, and are set forward an hour on the second Sunday of March, also at 2 a.m. local time. This year, clocks were set back an hour on Nov. 1. This marked the end of daylight saving time, which began on March 8. While the time change gives everyone an extra hour of sleep, it also brings forth a number of challenges as individuals adjust to earlier sunsets and colder temperatures. This can be especially difficult in a world as dominated by technology as ours, where social media and activities are available 24 hours a day and individuals are less likely to base their sleep schedules on the patterns of the sun. There are multiple ways to ease the transition to the colder winter months, all highly dependent on what works for a specific individual. For those who are having trouble adjusting, the Justice compiled the following tips in the hopes that it will make this change more manageable: - Try to go outside during the day. Scheduling a time of day to go outside for a walk or simply sit in the sun can be extremely helpful. While potentially dangerous in excess and without sunscreen, sunlight is thought to increase levels of serotonin in the brain. Serotonin is a hormone and neurotransmitter that contributes to feelings of well-being and happiness. Low serotonin levels are linked to psychiatric pathologies like major depressive disorder and anxiety. The link between serotonin and sunlight is not well understood, although it could provide an explanation for the prevalence of seasonal affective disorder, a form of depression triggered by the changes in season. If you are currently in New England, take advantage of the higher temperatures forecasted for this week to go outside and get some sunlight exposure. - Get some exercise. Making time for exercise during this part of the semester is difficult. Finals are quickly approaching, and for many students on campus, it is almost time to return home for winter break. Exercise has long been associated with positive health outcomes, including better sleep, reduced anxiety and depression symptoms, improved concentration and circadian rhythm stability. With shorter days, your circadian rhythm, the biological clock that regulates sleep-wake cycles, might be affected. Exercising at the same time each day, as well as having consistent sleep and eating schedules, can help keep your circadian rhythm on track. The Brandeis Athletics Department is still offering socially-distanced and/or virtual group exercise classes ranging from zumba and yoga to High Intensity Interval Training. If you are unable to attend, there are a number of social media platforms, including YouTube, that offer free workout series. Check out some of the Justice’s favorite YouTube workout videos. - Avoid using technology before going to bed. Brain pathways that release melatonin, the hormone that helps you fall asleep, are triggered by darkness. The light from phone or computer screen can interfere with melatonin release, and ultimately make it harder for you to fall asleep. The general recommendation is to avoid using your phone or any other electronic device during the 30 minutes before going to bed. Instead, try reading a book or journaling. If you are unable to put your phone or laptop away for a while before going to bed, make sure you activate “night mode,” which has been proven to reduce some of the light stimulation in your brain. You should also avoid watching adrenaline-inducing clips or images, as this might prompt your body to stay awake. Not only is sleep crucial to proper functioning, but good sleep is also associated with better mental health outcomes and, as previously mentioned, can help preserve the integrity of your circadian rhythm. - Give yourself a break. This semester has been challenging for everyone. Zoom fatigue and general exhaustion are prevalent, and taking a break might seem impossible with so many assignments and deadlines. However, working tirelessly without breaks, signing up for too many extracurriculars and failing to say “no,” can rapidly lead to burnout and decreased academic performance. Setting time aside each week to do something that you genuinely enjoy, even if it is not necessarily “productive,” can help you recharge, relax and organize yourself. Giving yourself a break is also an act of self-compassion and self-care! You can do anything from preparing or ordering a nice meal to hanging out with friends to watching a movie or TV show. Just remember to follow public health guidelines when applicable.

Template:Infobox hydrogen Hydrogen is the chemical element with the symbol H and atomic number 1. It has a standard atomic weight of 1.008, meaning it is the lightest element in the periodic table. Hydrogen is the most common chemical element in the Universe, with 75% of all baryonic mass being hydrogen. Stars are made up of mostly hydrogen. Hydrogen's most common isotope has one proton with one electron orbiting around it. Hydrogen in nature In its pure form on Earth, hydrogen is usually a gas. Hydrogen is also one of the parts that make up a water molecule. Hydrogen is important because it is the fuel that powers the Sun and other stars. Hydrogen makes up about 74% of the entire universe. Hydrogen's symbol on the Periodic Table of Elements is H. Pure hydrogen is normally made of two hydrogen atoms connected together. Scientists call these diatomic molecules. Hydrogen will have a chemical reaction when mixed with most other elements. It has no color or smell. Pure hydrogen is very uncommon in the Earth's atmosphere. In nature, it is usually in water. Hydrogen is also in all living things, as a part of the organic compounds that living things are made of. In addition, hydrogen atoms can combine with carbon atoms to form hydrocarbons. Petroleum and other fossil fuels are made of these hydrocarbons and commonly used to create energy for human use. Hydrogen has two different isotopes, called deuterium and tritium. Like regular hydrogen, they both have only one proton and one electron, but deuterium also has one neutron and tritium has two. These other types of hydrogen are important in nuclear energy and organic chemistry reactions. Some other facts about hydrogen: - It is a gas at room temperature - It acts like a metal when it is solid. - It is the lightest element in the Universe. - It is the most common element in the Universe. - It burns or explodes when it touches a flame. - glows purple when it is in plasma state. History of Hydrogen Hydrogen was first separated in 1671 by Robert Boyle. Henry Cavendish in 1776 identified it as a distinct element and discovered that burning it made water. Uses of Hydrogen The main uses are in the petroleum industry and in making ammonia by the Haber process. Some is used elsewhere in the chemical industry. A little of it is used as fuel, for example in rockets for spacecraft. Most of the hydrogen that people use comes from a chemical reaction between natural gas and steam. Nuclear fusion is a very powerful source of energy. It relies on forcing atoms together to make helium and energy, exactly as happens in a star like the Sun, or in a hydrogen bomb. This needs a large amount of energy to get started, and is not easy to do yet. A big advantage over nuclear fission, which is used in today's nuclear power stations, is that it makes less nuclear waste and does not use a toxic and rare fuel like uranium. More than 600 million tons of hydrogen undergo fusion every second on the Sun. The electrolysis of water easily breaks water into hydrogen and oxygen, using electricity. Burning hydrogen combines with oxygen molecules to make steam (pure water vapor). A fuel cell combines hydrogen with an oxygen molecule, releasing an electron as electricity. For these reasons, many people believe hydrogen power will eventually replace other synthetic fuels. Hydrogen can also be used as fuel in a fuel cell, or burned to make heat for steam turbines or internal combustion engines. Hydrogen can be created from many sources such as coal, natural gas or electricity, and therefore represents a valuable addition to the power grid; in the same role as natural gas. Such a grid and infrastructure with fuel cell vehicles is now planned by a number of countries including Japan, Korea and many European countries. This allows these countries to buy less petroleum, which is an economic advantage. The other advantage is that used in a fuel cell or burned in a combustion engine as in a hydrogen car, the motor does not make pollution. Only water, and a small amount of nitrogen oxides, forms. - Cain, Fraser, Universe Today (November 7, 2016). "When was the first light in the universe?". Phys.org. Retrieved 29 November 2016. - EIA.doe.gov - What is Hydrogen? - "The magic of syngas". chemrec.se. 2012. Retrieved 7 March 2012. - "What is Fusion?". iter.org. ITER Organization. 2012. Retrieved 7 March 2012. - "NASA's Cosmicopia". NASA. Retrieved 28 February 2013. - Hydrogen -Citizendium

Sinclair Enters Into Agreements To Sell WHTM-TV In Harrisburg, PA And WTAT-TV In Charleston, SC June 23, 2014 --June 23, 2014 -- BALTIMORE, June 23, 2014 /PRNewswire/ --for. and potential dispositions. SOURCE Sinclair Broadcast Group, Inc.

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| | The Ospreys have been fined £100,000 and docked four points from next season's Magners League for postponing their 19 March game at Ulster. A Celtic Rugby disciplinary panel met in Glasgow and found they "breached the tournament rules and consequently their actions amounted to misconduct." The Ospreys asked to postpone the game insisting they did not have sufficient front-row cover to fulfil the fixture. The Welsh region won the rearranged game 38-27 to help them into play-offs. There were initial fears that the Ospreys, who host Glasgow Warriors in the first Magners League play-off at the Liberty Stadium on Friday, would suffer points deduction this season which could have hindered their play-off bid. But the three-man Celtic Rugby disciplinary panel - chaired by professor Lorne Crerar of Scotland - punished the Ospreys financially and ensure the Liberty Stadium region will start next season on minus four points. The complaint was brought by Magners League tournament director David Jordan on behalf of Celtic Rugby after the postponement of the Ravenhill round 11 fixture. An Ospreys spokesperson: "We will now await the full written judgement before making a decision whether to appeal against the verdict. "There will be no further comment on this issue from Ospreys Rugby." Both the Ospreys and Celtic Rugby have the right of appeal. The Ospreys, though, had earlier stated they had never agreed to the 19 March date for the Ulster match, which was originally called off on 8 January due to bad weather. The Ospreys claim they did not want the 19 March date because they had already given the players and management leave between 12 and 22 March and had given Ulster three alternative dates which had been turned down. The Ospreys insisted they did not have any front-row players of sufficient quality to honour the fixture and were not prepared to use semi-professional players from their feeder clubs - Aberavon, Neath and Swansea - in the Principality Premiership. Front-rowers Adam Jones, Huw Bennett and Paul James were all in Wales' matchday squad for their final RBS Six Nations game against Italy in Cardiff on 20 March, while fellow forwards Duncan Jones and Richie Hibbard were injured. A Magners League statement read at the time: "This rule was introduced for health and safety reasons and Celtic Rugby could not sanction a match in these circumstances. "The reason for the postponement is that Ospreys are unable to supply suitably experienced front-row players in their match squad as is required under the Magners League rules and International Rugby Board rules." It is not the first time the Ospreys have been investigated by rugby authorities this season. European Rugby fined the Ospreys 25,000 Euros for having 16 players on the pitch against Leicester in a Heineken Cup match in January. Full-back Lee Byrne, who was fined 5,000 Euros, came on the pitch illegally. And then the Ospreys were in the dock again over scrum-half Ricky Januarie's contract but were told they had no case to answer. Bookmark with: What are these?

During the revelation of the Weinstein scandal and the emergence of the #MeToo movement, firms with a corporate culture that does not discriminate on the basis of sex, proxied by having women among the five highest paid executives, earn excess returns of 1.6%. These returns are followed by positive revisions in analyst earnings forecasts. The returns increase to 3.2% in industries with few women executives, and 2.1% and 2.7% for firms headquartered in states with high levels of sexism and a high gender pay gap, respectively. Firms in industries with more women in executive positions and headquartered in states with low levels of sexism or a low gender pay gap also earn positive abnormal returns during this period. Our evidence attests to the value of having a non-sexist culture. We study the relative effectiveness of exit (divestment and boycott) and voice (engagement) strategies in promoting socially desirable... Alibaba, the NYSE-traded Chinese ecommerce giant, is currently valued at over $500 billion. But Alibaba’s governance is opaque, obscuring who...

<issue_start><issue_comment>Title: [Done] Implement get_version and upgrade methods username_0: This implements two methods on `ModelSchema`: - `get_version` - get the version (alembic or, if not present, south) - `upgrade` - upgrade the schema ("migrate" in django language) using alembic I removed the `SouthMigrationHistory` model from the schema, because I think it is something internal which should not be in our threedi models. So I had to do some low-level stuff here and there to make the text fixtures and so forth work. I think it is worth it. I did the same for the alembic version. Alembic works differently (as long as your migration history is linear): it has 1 table with 1 record with 1 field containing the current version. We have a choice on the name of the table. It is now `alembic_version`. Do you think it is acceptable to make `alembic` required here? We need it because the schema validator checks the version. I prefer not to copy the logic of getting the correct table and checking the library's version from alembic. Alembic has the following dependencies: ``` install_requires = SQLAlchemy>=1.3.0 Mako python-editor>=0.3 python-dateutil ``` <issue_comment>username_1: I don't see a problem in making `alembic` a requirement. You don't need the migrations for reading the SQLite and validation, but it's so close related that splitting this stuff up in multiple Pypi packages (pluging style or not) does not make much sense to me.

NOTE: Our guest this week is an experienced paddle-boarder and swimmer with an understanding of sea conditions. If you don’t consider yourself ‘experienced’ but want to see these sights, search online for guided paddleboard, kayak or boat tours instead. Whichever option you choose, these amazing pics will leave you wanting for more! Hi, I’m Jamie and this is our adventure. For a completely different way to explore the Causeway Coast, get yourself in the water. It’s the best, least-touristy way and there’s so much more to see too. On this particular adventure Rachel (my partner) and I went for something a bit different. We’ve been used to seeing the same (great) pictures of the Rope Bridge…but all from roughly the same angle. So we decided to do something different, for a fresh perspective of Northern Ireland’s famous bridge. If you’re reading this and you fancy checking out the bridge by road (and on foot), head to Northern Ireland’s Causeway Coast. The Rope Bridge is just a 5 minute drive to the east of Ballintoy - it’ll take you an hour coming from Belfast or Derry~Londonderry and 3 hours from Dublin. First thing, you’ll need some sort of water transportation - our preferred choice being a SUP (stand up paddle board). Best to set off from Ballintoy on a calm evening/morning and paddle from there, east to the Rope Bridge. Though only 5 minutes by car, it’s about 45 minutes to an hour when paddling! It goes without saying - get some experience using a paddle board first, before venturing out into open water. You’ll need a basic bit of fitness too. Check out Magic Seaweed for surf and tide reports so you can keep an eye out and plan your adventure safely. Always make sure to tell someone when and where you’re going. Keep your life jacket on at all times and bring a phone in a waterproof case. When paddling, keep an eye out for hidden rocks on the way over and don’t go too close to the coast - keep an eye on swell and tide. Once you reach the bridge though, you can just sit and take it all in. Cracking spot just to sit and ponder - can you spot Rachel there? You can actually go and walk underneath the bridge too. Could easily spend all day around here. But again, keep an eye on the swell - we’re all too familiar with the quickly-changing weather in Northern Ireland. Also, remember it’s a long paddle back. So leave plenty of time (and energy) to get back to Ballintoy and keep in mind what was once a deep bit of water may now be shallow with the change of tide (and vice-versa). Make sure to check out the cave underneath the island too. You can actually see it on the paddle over. Just be mindful of the birds – it’s their home and they’ll dive-bomb you if feeling threatened. Best not to linger about too long! Hi, I’m Jamie and I’m from Greenisland in County Antrim. Hobbies would be paddle boarding, mountain biking, cross country running, coasteering, swimming and football. One of my favourite places is Binevenagh Mountain in County Londonderry. It’s near Mussenden Temple - around a 15min drive away. Another top place would be a small cave located along the Whiterocks Beach where I asked Rachel to marry me - it’s some spot! A truly one of a kind adventure. Slightly further afield would be the Lake District in Cumbria. Highly recommend! We’ve got a lot of adventures in the pipeline - next up will be in the Glens of Antrim and also SUP around Derry~Londonderry.

To download and install the application, visit the Downloads page of our website and follow the download instructions. For more information, review the Installation Instructions or consult the "Installing ToolBox CS" chapter in the ToolBox CS Getting Started guide. To open the Getting Started guide, you must have Adobe Reader version X or higher installed. If you don't have the current version, or if you have difficulty opening the guide, you can download and install the latest version of the Adobe Reader from the Downloads page of the Adobe website. If you have an earlier version of Adobe Reader, you should uninstall the earlier version to avoid having two versions of the Reader installed. If your firm chooses to install the application in a Terminal Server environment, or if you plan to move the application from an existing local or network installation to a terminal server environment, be sure to rely only on a qualified and certified Terminal Server professional to handle the installation. As a critical first step, please open and review the following document, which contains information you can provide to your firm's Terminal Server technician. Terminal Server Best Practices for CS Professional Suite Applications (PDF).

There are quite a few rules that some photographers go by. However, in reality there aren’t really any rules when it comes to something as creative as photography. You may want to consider them as guidelines rather than hard rules. This is because you should always feel free to break the “rules” if you want to experiment with your images. One of these guidelines is to stay out of the mid-day sun when you’re taking photographs since it creates harsh shadows. But sometimes this simply can’t be done. You’ll find there are many occasions, especially when traveling, that you just can’t grab the photo you want unless taking it out in the sun. When you do take shots in the bright sun, you never have to worry about getting enough light and you may actually notice some things that you haven’t seen before because they’ll be more detailed. There’s no problem with taking photos of silhouettes and shadows during the day. It’s just a good idea to meter around the shadows instead of on the shadows. If you meter on the shadows the camera will try to brighten up the entire photo. Remember, you can always use fill flash during the sunny hours as it will eliminate or soften any harsh shadows. You can also include the sun in your photos and if you’d like the sun to feature a type of starburst pattern which surrounds it, you can use a high f-stop, which is a smaller aperture. If you just can’t seem to capture a good shot during a sunny day you can try going inside to see if you can find something like a skylight or a window. This can help you when taking portraits as the indirect light is often very creative. There are no specific hours that you have to take photographs in. Just because the sun is out and high in the sky you don’t need to put your camera away. Whenever you have the chance to take a good shot just go for it. There’s usually some way to capture it. There’s no doubt that it could be a little bit tricky since there’s a lot of contrast between lights and darks, but you can always exploit the harsh light and use it to your advantage. Like all types of photography you should feel free to experiment and get creative. Also, as with everything else, it will usually take practice before you can master it. One way to do this is to take your camera out for a walk during a sunny day and take some shots of different subjects. You can take some street photography as well as some architecture and then try some portraits. You’ll find that different situations may call for different accessories such as polarizers and fill flash. You can also use a lens hood to cut down on any direct flare that is coming into your camera lens from the sun. If you don’t have one handy, try to shade the light out with your hand. However, just remember to make sure that your hand’s not in the image. Keep these tips in mind to achieve great midday photos. You can also use these pics to inspire you in your Printrunner print business cards design.

Cape Town - Junior Springbok coach Chean Roux lauded his team for powering their way to a 38-14 bonus-point victory against Georgia – with Manie Libbok and Wandisile Simelane each crossing for two tries – in their second pool match at the World Rugby Umder-20 Championship at the Avchala Stadium in Tbilisi on Sunday. As it happened: South Africa v Georgia The SA U20’s.” said Roux. and move onto the next match against Argentina.” Zooming in on the game, Roux said: line halftime hooter thanks to an innovative chip-and-chase. The SA U20’s built on this with more attractive attacking rugby in the second half, which saw winger Yaw Penxe cross the tryline SA U20 replacement flanker Hendre Stassen in the dying minutes reduced the team to 14 men, and minutes later Zain Davids was red-carded, while the Georgians also received a yellow card. But despite sustained pressure by the hosts on the tryline, they were unable to add to their score and had to settle for the 38-14 defeat. The Junior Boks next face Argentina on Thursday, June 8 (13:30 kick-off). Scorers Junior Springboks Tries: Augustus, Simelane, Libbok (2), Penxe Conversions: Cilliers (2), Bosch (2) Georgia Tries: Tabize, Gogoladze Conversions: Aprasidze (2), 6 Len Massyn, 5 Reinhard Nothnagel, 3 Carlu Sadie, 2 Johan Grobbelaar, 1 Kwenzo Blose Substitutes: 16 Gerhard Steenekamp, 17 Daniel Jooste, 18 – Wikus Groenewald, 19 Hendre Stasse, 20 Zain Davids, 21 Francois de Villiers, 22 Stedman Gans, 23 Curwin Bosch

An inaccurate map is not a reliable map. ?X? may mark the spot where the treasure is buried, but unless the seeker can locate ?X? in relation to known landmarks, the map is not very useful. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) publishes maps and other products at high levels of accuracy. Dependability is vital, for example, to engineers, highway officials, and land-use planners who use USGS topographic maps as basic planning tools. As a result, the USGS makes every effort to achieve a high level of accuracy in all of its published products. An important aim of its accuracy control program is to meet the U.S. National Map Accuracy Standards.

L-Glycine, Free Form Vegetarian, 1 lbs L Glycine is a non-essential (vegetarian) amino acid and has the simplest structure of all amino acids, allowing L Glycine to fit easily within protein chains and make space for structurally larger amino acids. Aakg, 3500 mg- 180 tab NOW Foods AAKG Amino Acid Supplement contains Arginine, a conditionally essential amino acid that has a number of vital roles in human biochemistry. Theanine, Billy Sahley, Ph.D., 1 book This book on Theanine has the latest research on green tea and theanine. Taurine, 1000 mg- 100 caps Taurine is a neurotransmitter, a neuromodulator and is involved in glucose uptake. It is found in meats, fish, milk and eggs, but not in vegetable proteins, so supplementation is especially important for vegetarians. Spectrum Shake ( Amino Acids ), Original ( Unsweetened Vanilla ) - 1 lb. 4 oz. SPECTRUM SHAKE provides a full and balanced array of amino acids, slow-burning complex carbohydrates, "nonfattening" medium chain triglycerides (MCT) and digestion enhancing enzymes.

How will we live and work in 2030 In the 1950s we were promised that in the future we would all be living lives of leisure, as new technologies started to replace labour intensive activities in the home and in the workplace. Yet now that we are here in the 21st century, we find ourselves working longer hours, tied to our work emails 24x7 and seemingly with less, not more, free time. What on earth went wrong? Where will be by 2030? Will Robotics and Intelligent Automation finally deliver on those old promises, or will we all have worked ourselves to an early grave? Will the two worlds of “home” and “work” ultimately become so intertwined that we can’t distinguish between them? Environmental, economic, political and technological changes will fundamentally change the way that we live and work in 2030. How then do we prepare ourselves, and our businesses, to cope? Will water and energy scarcity mean that we have to change the environments in which we live, or the locations and types of buildings in which we work? Will we need to travel to work, or will smart technology mean we can work anywhere? If so, how do we structure our businesses to cope? Will austerity mean that the days of growth are forever gone, and we are living in a world where living standards are declining and our ability to afford the basics getting less? Will political change across the world make us more or less secure, both in the physical and the virtual world? Will shifting demographics mean that there simply aren’t enough young people to provide the services that the older generation need? -Will the continued development of technology make things better, or make them worse? The 5 day sprint In our Sprint, we want think about the challenges of that 2030 world, and specifically how we prepare ourselves for it. As businesses, how do we plan and prepare for the future? Our task will be to understand the kinds of things that will influence the world of the home and of the workplace over the coming two decades, and then to develop some ideas for how we can best prepare. Over the five days our participants will follow the design thinking process to: 1.Frame the problem area and create a shared understanding of the problem and it’s context. 2.Generate a broad range of ideas and solutions to the problem statement(s). 3.Decide what to prototype and how to test it. 4.Prototype the bare minimum to capture feedback on your ideas. 5.Evaluate our solutions by presenting and testing prototypes to key stakeholders We are likely to focus on Northumbrian Water as a typical workplace, and to develop ideas and plans to help it be ready for the new reality, the tools, processes, technologies and strategies that it will need to have in place to make sure that it continues to deliver outstanding, work-class performance whilst continuing to retain the trust of its customers. Together, we will collaborate to answer the big question: What will people need to thrive at work in 2030?

Waco-area news briefs: East Waco Library to hold window unveiling Thursday Heart of Texas Miniature Aircraft Club will hold the 40th annual Greater Southwest Jet Rally Thursday through Saturday, with more than 50 turbine pilots from across the United States at the club’s airfield, 3400 Overflow Road, just north of Twin Bridges Park off State Highway 6. Lunch is available from 11:30 a.m. to 1 p.m. The Heart of Texas Parkinson’s and Caregivers Support Group invites members and the public to hear Jungjun “Peter” Park, a Baylor University associate professor in the communication sciences and disorders department, discuss his cognitive research study results at 3 p.m. Thursday at Holy Spirit Episcopal Church, 1624 Wooded Acres Drive. NE Riverside Association The North East Riverside Neighborhood Association will have a general meeting at 6:30 p.m. Thursday at the East Waco Library, 901 Elm Ave. Items on the agenda include discussion from the Waco Housing Authority, business retention and expansion funding, women’s rights and a membership program. Window unveiling Thursday The East Waco Library, 901 Elm Ave., will have a window unveiling at 10:30 a.m. Thursday. The window display is to highlight the history of East Waco and the African American community. Seven individuals were chosen to be part of the window display, which represents contributions to civic leadership, education, arts and entertainment, sports, politics, science and medicine, and economic engagement. Window graphics with each person are visible from Elm Avenue, and pamphlets with additional information are available in the library.

I switched to pc however let me give one more piece of console advice before I depart. On console there are 2 types of voice channels, party and game chat. If I could give the best piece of advice on console it's ALWAYS go to game chat. In party chats you can't tell who's talking because the icon doesn't show up. Say a lucio says there a genji behind him but you don't know who is playing lucio in solo que. Going to game chat will show the icon of who is talking so it makes it easier to know who is calling out what. So please guys try to go in game chat and not party chat anymore.

An extravagant show about the history of Thailand that involves stunning costumes, skillful dancers, entertaining music, state-of-the-art techniques and cutting-edge light and sound system; that what this 2,000-seat theatre has to offer. The 80-minute show that aims to portray Thai cultural heritage is narrated in three acts: ‘Journey Back into History,’ ‘Journey Beyond Imagination,’ and ‘Journey Through Joyous Festivals’ that you’ll be never disappointed. Visit the theatre early and you’ll be able to enjoy walking through a Thai village that shows the lifestyle of ancient locals. Siam Niramit Bangkok is one of the largest stage productions in the world. It's amazing special effects using the world’s most advanced technology. An excellent introduction to Thailand’s history and culture. Stunning sets based on treasured works of art. The show starts at 20.00hrs., but our gates open at 17.00 hrs. for access to the restaurant, and to enjoy other pre-show attractions. Available from 13.00 hrs. – 21.00 hrs. 1. Siam Niramit Bangkok runs a free shuttle bus service from Thailand Cultural Centre Station. 2. Please take Exit 1. 3. Pickups start at 17.15 hrs. 4. Cycle time: roughly 15 minutes, traffic permitting. 5. The service runs on a first-come, first-served basis. 6. Drop-offs begin after the show ends.

Table of contents In this lesson, we’re going to see an overview of what face detection is. In a nutshell, it answers the question of whether or not there is a face in a given image. Note that face detection is not face recognition, though it is its first step, as face recognition goes further into trying to see to whom the face detected belongs to. The way we’ll do it with OpenCV is by, first, using machine learning training with tons of learning examples which include positives (images that do contain faces in it) and negatives (images without faces). Secondly, we need to analyze the features gathered during the previous step where the positives will contain face features and the negatives will contain other kinds of features. As the features are too many, the third step is to smartly define a smaller set of features for the machine learning model to perform well. The model should be able to say whether an image has a face and where its location in the image. The technique we’re going to use for that is called Adaboost, to help us reduce the number of total features. However, even with Adaboost, that reduction may still not be enough. The fourth step we’re going to follow is the Cascade of Classifiers which will drastically help us speed up our face detection. Now, we can send our model to the OpenCV and it’ll return to us the faces and their respective locations as we wanted. This is our quick overview. We’re going to get into more details of all this in the next lessons. Before going deeper into face detection, let us see the concept of features first. Features are quantifiable properties shared by examples/pictures used primarily in machine learning. In other words, they represent important properties of our data. For instance, we have a set of features such as color, sound, size, etc., that we can use to train an AI for bird detection. Given a new image of a bird, extracting these features will help our algorithm tell us the category of the bird. For face detection, the computer will deal specifically with Haar features. A computer interprets the pixels values themselves, so here we have features that are close to the pixel level. We can see some examples in the image below: We have the edge patterns which are half white and half black (both for horizontal and vertical directions), lines, and a four rectangle pattern. The computer detects these type of patterns present in the images. But how do we extract the features? We overlay each Haar feature against our image (you can think of it as a sliding window) while computing the sum of the pixels in the white region minus the sum of the pixels in the black region. That gives us a single value f, which is our feature for that particular part of the image. Repeating the process all over our image, we end up with a ton of these features: It may result in about 150.000 features at least (even for a small image). It is too time-consuming to get through all that info. That’s why we have the Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost) step in face detection. It aims to select the best features to represent the face we’re trying to detect. We’re going to enter into more details of how it works in the next lesson. This is an introductory lesson about face recognition and its related topics. While face detection is concerned with whether there is a face in a given image or not, face recognition tries to answer to whom that face belongs. In fact, face detection is the first step in facial recognition. For face recognition, we do not use pre-built models as we did for face detection. In order to build an AI, we need lots of labeled training examples, each containing an image (with the actual face) and label (the name of the person whose face is in the image) tuple. We need to go through two distinct phases with our samples: training and testing. For the training phase, we first run face detection for all our training examples, where each will give us back one face. Then the second step is to capture the features of the faces in the images, and the third step is to store these features for future comparisons. Now, for testing, we will have new images. The first step is also face detection, and the images here can have several faces in them. Secondly, we’re going to capture the features of all faces just like in the previous phase (notice that we have to make sure that we are using the same algorithm as in the training). The third step is to compare the captured features in the previous step to training features. Then, the fourth step is to do the prediction by having the recently detected faces associated with their closest match from the stored images under the same label. There’s also the concept of Confidence Value, which basically measures how confident is our AI in each face recognition. Regarding the choice of the features and how to capture them, it is important to notice that it is all about using good features. You do not need a complicated or a cutting-edge machine learning algorithm of any kind if you have good features, so you should not try to compensate bad features with your algorithm. In this lesson, we start to work with our face recognition data set. First, we need to set up the environment we’re going to use: Remember to download the course files (NOT INCLUDED IN FREE WEBCLASS) and unzip the contents (included is some code for the data set loading to be quicker, and our entire data set called YaleFaces): The “haarcascade_frontalface” file has code that we need only load using the CascadeClassifier class in OpenCV. The other file contains our training and testing data. Folder “yalefaces” has a lot of files varying from “subject01” to “subject15” as seen below: Each of the subjects has several suffixes, for instance, “.centerlight” or “.glasses”, “.noglasses”, “.sleepy”, and so on. These are attributes of the same person. We want to be able to detect a person under varied conditions, that is considering light variations, or whether the person is wearing glasses or not, if their eyes are closed, etc. By taking multiple pictures of the same person with different facial expressions and poses, we tend to get better results with facial recognition. If we open the files with an image viewer, we’re actually able to take a look at the pictures: In case of trouble opening the files, you can add an extension such as “.png” to the end of each file’s name just to be able to visualize them. As we can imagine, what happens is that all features of the same subject map to the same label (the respective person’s name). We can even add ourselves to the data set provided we take selfies with the needed facial/environmental features (11 features, in this case), get rid of the “.pgn” or similar extension, and rename our files accordingly to the pattern of the ones in the folder. Thus, we’d be “subject16” and our selfie smiling would be entitled “subject16.happy”, for example. We’re going to use part of these images for training, and the remaining will be used in the test phase. We’ll feed our program with all but the last picture of each subject for training, where the last picture is the one we reserve for testing. Remember that the more pictures we have in distinct conditions the better for our face recognition outcomes. Also, our recognizer will always return us the label of the closest match it finds. This lesson demystifies the concept of dimensionality reduction. The goal of dimensionality reduction is simply to receive higher dimension data and represent it well in a lower dimension. We’re going to take a Cartesian coordinate plane as an example, and we are going to reduce it from 2D to 1D. In the image above we see coordinates “x” and “y” for a group of points in a way that each point is uniquely represented in a 2D plane. But now we need to find a good axis to identify all these points just as uniquely in 1D. For that, we’ll be using projections. Consider the “x” axis as a wall and the points as objects dispersed in a room. If we shoot various rays of light from flashlights into this room in a way that the light comes in perpendicularly to “x”, then we’re going to have the shadows of our objects projected on the wall like demonstrated below: The shadows are basically each point’s coordinate in “x”. Now, similarly, if we shoot light from the side and consider the “y” axis as our wall, we have: We notice that several points happened to map to the same shadow and we do not want that for our reduction. All points must be reduced to a new unique correspondent piece of information in the lower dimension. Thus, we can conclude that the “x” axis is a pretty good axis for our reduction, given that the “y” axis does not satisfy our mapping requirement. In the end, the class of algorithms for dimensionality reduction is most concerned about picking a good axis. How do we do it for images? We can think of an image in terms of its pixels: However, do we really need a hundred dimensions to tell us if two images are the same? No, we can highlight some points and reduce the whole thing to a lower dimension. In fact, actual images will be much larger than a hundred dimensions, but the point here is that we can operate more efficiently over lower dimensions obtaining the same result. In the next lesson, we’ll see two algorithms to help us decide how to pick a good axis for our reductions. Hello everybody, my name is Mohit Deshpande. In this video, I want to introduce you guys to this notion of face detection. And I just want to give you an overview of the two different topics that we’ll be covering in the next few videos. Probably a good place to start would be to discuss what face detection is and what it isn’t also. Face detection answers a question, face detection answers the question is there a face, is there a face in this image. This is the question that, after we’re done with face detection, we hope to be able to answer given any image. What I should say, and I’ll put this in red, is that it is not recognition. Face detection and face recognition are two different things. And it turns out face detection is the first step of face recognition. But face detection is trying to answer the question, is there a face in this image? And then when we go to face recognition, then we can answer the further question, whose face does this belong to? I just want to make that point very clear, is that face detection and face recognition are two different things. So if we were running a face detection on this image, we might get something like, hey, look here’s a face. And then regarding whose face it is we can’t really answer that with just face detection. This is where recognition would have to come in to play. But we’ll primarily be discussing face detection. The process that OpenCV uses, the actual process was actually released in a research paper in about 2001. It was called Rapid Object Detection using a boosted cascade of simple features by Paul Viola and Michael Jones back in 2001. And this title might sound a bit scary, but don’t worry about it all. I’m going to give you an intuitive understanding of face detection rather than the rigorous one that they go through in the paper. The way that I want to discuss face detection is to first, in this video in particular, just give you an overview of what it all entails. Don’t worry if some of the stuff I mention in the overview doesn’t quite make sense, ’cause we’re going to get into it and really define some more things in the next few videos. I just want to give you an overview of what we’re going to be looking at in the next few videos. We’re gonna go through the entire face detection stack. What OpenCV does is it actually uses machine learning for face detection. And that makes sense because you can’t really go around taking pictures of everybody’s face and then compare it too, instead we can learn these features. The first step is part of that machine learning. That’s the largest step. With machine learning, we need lots and lots of examples. We need tons and tons of machine learning examples. We need positives and negatives. Positives are images with faces. And negatives then are images without faces. We need to collect this dataset of images that have faces and images that don’t have faces and manually label them as being, well, here are the images with faces and here are the images without faces. And luckily OpenCV actually has all this data already collected for us, so we don’t actually have to deal with any of that. The second thing after that is we need to look at the features of, giving a training example, we need to extract these features. And what I mean by feature, and we’re gonna go into it a bit later, it’s kind of the essence of what a face is. We need to extract that from the positive and the negatives. The positives are going to have the essence of a face, so these features. And negatives will also have features, but they won’t necessarily correspond to faces. (whispers) Actually make this a bit clearer here, I’m going to label this as Overview. We want to extract these features from our image. And we need to look at all the portions of our image. When we do this, we’ll find that the result we get tons and tons of features, thousands, tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands of features that we get. And these features, just numerical ways, of describing the essence of a face, for example. We need to extract these features from all the portions of the image, and we end up with so many features. If we’re trying to apply it using that many features, face detection would take forever. So we need some way to reduce the number of features that we have and reduce them smartly, because we want to reduce the number of features, but we still want our machine learning model to be able to perform well. So given a new image, the model should be able to say, well, this image does have a face in it and here is the location of the face. We don’t want to diminish our accuracy. We want our model to stay really accurate and precise, but at the same time, we want to reduce the number of features. There’s this technique called Adaboost that we’ll be using to help reduce the number of total features that we have, (whispers) let me get rid of that, that will help reduce the total number of features from hundreds of thousands to maybe just like a few thousand, which is in two orders of magnitude, much smaller. But it turns out that even with Adaboost, that still might not be enough. We still have thousands of features that we have to check. What they propose in their paper and what we’re going to be discussing about is this cascade, this Cascade of Classifiers. That’s gonna help drastically speed up our face detection. There’s an f-I there, okay. This is gonna help drastically speed up our face detection because then we’re not applying all thousands, 30,000 features to each part of the image. We build this cascade thing, kind of like a waterfall. That’s where that name, Cascade of Classifiers, comes from. You can think of it as a waterfall. After we’ve done all of this, then we’ll have a great machine learning model and then we can just send it through to OpenCV and say, is there a face? And OpenCV returns all the faces and the coordinates of the faces. And then we can use that for really cool things, like we can pass it on to a face recognition algorithm and that can determine which face the image, which faces these are, or who’s faces they are. Or we can do something, and pass it to something a little less complicated like some sort of face swapping algorithm that can extract one face, extract another face, and swap the faces. There are so many other different applications of face detection that we can use. This is the foundation of face detection that I wanted to discuss. If the stuff that I talked about in the overview doesn’t make much sense, that’s okay, ’cause we’re gonna get into this really in the next few videos. This is just an overview. I’m going to discuss more about the intuition behind this instead of the raw mathematics, so that you have a better understanding. This is kind of an overview of face detection. Just to do a quick recap, face detection answers the question, is there a face in this image? And I made the point that it’s not the same as recognition which is going to be answering the question of whose face is this? And then I kind of gave an overview, I mentioned the first thing is machine learning examples. We have to have a lot of the image examples with faces and without faces. OpenCV actually handles this for us. Now the next thing with this is features. What are features and how do we get them from our images or training examples? Third is Adaboost, which is gonna be an algorithm that we can use to reduce the number of features from hundreds of thousands to maybe just a few thousand. And then Cascade of Classifiers which is what they propose in their paper, ’cause even with a few thousand features, you can imagine, it’s gonna be still kind of slow. And so Cascade of Classifiers helps speed this up. And that’s the fundamentals of face detection and then after that, there’s some parameters that we’re gonna be discussing as well. So that’s it for this video and in the next video we’re gonna be discussing this topic of features. We’ll be discussing that in the next video. Hello, everybody, my name is Mohit Deshpande and in this video, I wanna talk about features and feature extraction in the context of face detection, but before we actually get into that, I wanna start by defining what are features and I kinda wanna go through an analogy so that you kinda better understand intuitively what they are and then we’ll transition on to how face detection is specific use of these features. So, what is a feature? Well, features are just quantifiable. Features are, first of all, they’re quantifiable. There’s some way that we describe them either numerically or through some sort of fixed list or something like that, but they’re quantifiable properties that are shared by our examples and they’re used primarily for machine learning, in our case. That’s not to say that features are only used for machine learning, but in the context of face detection, they’re used for, whoops, that should say machine learning. They’re used for machine learning, but they have many other things, like set features and stuff, but anyway, specifically to machine learning and we care about these features because they represent important properties about our data that we can use to make decisions like categorizing or grouping. So, let me start with an example, and let’s suppose that we wanted to teach an AI to classify different types of birds or something like that. That’s my really bad, really bad image of a bird. So, pretend that that’s a bird, I’ll even label it, bird. I’m not really good at drawing. Suppose this is a bird, so what kind of features might we have with birds? So, there are a couple that we can come up with. There are maybe, like, color of the bird or maybe like sound that it makes, there’s, you know, size, maybe how big the bird is, and et cetera. There are many more from these that we can use and as it turns out, using a combination of these features, if we saw some new bird and we wanted to label it, we could compare the new bird’s features here with all the features that we’ve seen before in our training examples of birds and we can kinda, reasonably guess what category or group our bird should, our new bird should belong to, and so this is kind of the intuition behind it. So, let me actually just label this, AI for birds. So, purpose we were trying to do something like this. Here some of the example of features that we might use. And then, the thing is that the AI would be given lots of these features from birds and it’d be told, well, if you have this combination of features, then this bird is a falcon or if you have this combination of features, then this bird is a sparrow or if you have this combination of features, then this bird is a duck, or something like that, and it’s been given lots and lots of these examples so that when it encounters a new bird, it finds it, it extracts these same features of the bird. Maybe it needs a human to actually tell it, here’s the color and the sound that it makes and then here’s the size and whatnot. Maybe it needs a human to actually give those features, but when it’s given, the AI’s given these features, it can categorize this new bird as being similar in one of the categories that it already knows about, and so that kind of the intuition behind what these features are. They represent, like I said, important properties about our data and we use them so that we can better make decisions. And so, you might be saying, well, we’re dealing with all these birds, how does this work in face detection? And so, it’s a bit different, these features here are a bit different than for faces and that’s because you have to remember that for a computer, when it sees an image, it just sees the raw pixel values. We use those pixel values to maybe give us some more understanding about the image, but initially, we just get raw pixel values. And so, our features then for this, they are a bit closer to the pixel level and so, in particular for face detection, what works well are these things called Haar features. So, H-A-A-R and let me actually draw some, and they might seem kind of low-level. What I mean by that is, for example, here are edge features and they’re basically like, if I draw a box around it, now they basically look like this here, except this portion’s colored in. And so, this portion up here is white and this portion down here is black, and this, you know, this kind of looks like a edge, right? So, here’s one portion that’s white and here’s one portion that’s black, so this seems to detect horizontal edges. Now, as it turns out, there’s also an analogous one that detects vertical edges, so something like this. This is also a Haar feature and so we have something that detects edges, and we also have other Haar features that detect lines, and these detect both horizontal and vertical lines. So, here’s an example of a vertical line that’s being detected, and so, this kind of makes sense, right? So, here’s the white portions and if the black portion were aligned, if I were to stack these kind of on top of each other, they would make a line. And just like with the edges, there is an analogous one for horizontal lines and then, there’s this other unique one called a four-rectangle and it kinda looks a little unusual. It’s actually set up to be like this and this is kinda where we have some alternating thing going on here where this is, these two squares are black and these are actually all the Haar features that are used for a thing like face detection. You might look at these initially and say, well, how could these possibly be used for something like face detection? It turns out that these work really well because the detect these low-level features that are shared among faces. They detect edges and lines and other different features of faces. It’s been shown that using these features, it works well, but so, how do we actually extract these features? So, if you remember back to convolution, this works somewhat similarly to convolution but it’s not quite, it’s not quite the same. And so, what happens is, we basically take, where like convolution, we kind of overlay this, for example. Where we overlay, if I had an image like this, we kinda overlay one of the Haar features on top of our image here, and instead of doing this convolution operation, what you actually do is, you take the sum of the pixels in the white region minus the sum of the pixels in the black region. And that, eventually, if you do that, then you get a single value and that’s one of our features, and you basically take this and you can move it around our image, like a sliding window sort of thing, and we get a ton of features. In fact, we get a lot of features, we get a ton of features. We can get anywhere from like, you know, maybe like 150,000 features, for even just a relatively small image. Somewhere around there, for example. Let me put an example here, ’cause it might not exactly turn out to be this, but important is, you get a ton of features and that’s a lot of numbers to work with. So, imagine trying to get a new face and then also getting all these, trying to apply the features that we’ve seen before across all of our training examples and applying all of these to the new input image. That’s just way too time-consuming, there’s no way that you’d set this up for doing face detection, you have to come back, you know, a day or so afterwards for you to get an actual result back, but this is just way too many features and it’s gonna be way too time-consuming. And so, this is kind of a problem that we’re encountering with this, there’s just too many features. So, what they suggest in the paper and what we’re gonna be going into more intuitively is they suggest an algorithm called AdaBoost, which is short for Adaptive Boosting, where they use this algorithm to try to select the best features that represent the face that we’re looking for. And so, using AdaBoost, we can kind of reduce this number of, you know, hundreds of thousands down to like, maybe just a few thousand of the best features. And so, that’s what we are going to be discussing more in the next video, but I just wanted to stop here and we’ll do a recap. So, what I discuss in this video, we discussed what features are. Now, in particular, I mentioned that there’s some quantifiable properties that are shared by different examples and in our case, we’re using them for machine learning specifically. And so, I made this analogy of, if we’re building an AI to classify different kinds of birds. Some of the example features would be like, color of the bird, sound the bird makes, the size of the bird, and so on. So, these are the kind of features and then if I give my AI lots of examples with these features and say, well, a bird with this particular arrangement of features, these values, then we can classify this as a blue jay, or et cetera. And so, we can do something similar with face detection, except we have to use low-level pixel features and that’s what these edges, lines, and this four-rectangle feature kind of is. These are like the lower-level Haar-like features. It’s been shown that using these features works really well for things like face detection. And so, how do we actually extract these features? Well, it’s kinda similar to convolution where we take this, treat it as a sliding window, and you kinda slide it over the image, but it’s not quite convolution because we take the sum of all the pixels in the white area, subtract that from the sum of all the pixels in the black area, and then we get that single value to our feature. When we slide this over our entire image and do all that kind of good stuff, then we can end up with hundreds of thousands of features and that’s way too many. And so, in the next video, we’re gonna talk about, intuitively, we’re gonna discuss an algorithm called AdaBoost and AdaBoost will let us reduce this list from hundreds of thousands of features to maybe just a few thousand features, but those few thousand features are actually gonna be the best of the hundred, in this case, 150,000 features. It’s gonna be the best of those, so we’re gonna discuss AdaBoost in the next video. Hello everybody. My name is Mohit Deshpande. In this video I want to introduce you guys to face recognition and some of the topics I will be discussing over these next few videos. Face recognition is the step above face detection. After detecting a face in an image, the next natural question to ask is to whom does this face belong to? This is a question that face detection tries to answer. With face detection we’re trying to answer the question of whose face is in this image? That’s a question that we are gonna be answering with face recognition. This is different than face detection because with face detection, we’re just concerned with is there a face in this image or not? Face recognition is more specific. And you’ll see that face detection is the first step in face recognition but face recognition is a more specific question that we’re asking than whose face is in this image? And so to answer this question, we can’t just hard code all of the values that we want in there. In fact we have to use machine learning and artificial intelligence and we have to construct an AI that, given lots of labeled examples of people’s faces, it can take a new face and say this face, it belongs to so and so for example. So that’s what we’re gonna be doing and we, actually, have to because of the way how face recognition is so specific, we can’t do something like what we did in face detection and use the pre built model because that might change depending on whose face we want to include in our data set. I’m gonna be talking about the data set that we’re gonna be using in a future video. So just keep that in mind. So anyway, if we want to build this AI, we need lots of labeled training examples. What are these examples? With these training examples, we need an image and then a label. This image is the actual face and this label is the person whose face is depicted in that image. This is, really, all we need. They’re just of this form image and label. There’s two phases that we need for this and right now this is, I’m gonna this out. There’s the training phase and then there’s the testing phase. We’re gonna have to do it with both phases actually. With the training phase, we have lots of examples like these. What we need to do for the training phase is to first run face detection here. That will, actually, identify the region of this image that is the face. We’ve already discussed face detection so I won’t talk too much about that. We just use, exactly, the same stuff that we have been using with face detection. Just run the cascade classifier on this input image and then we get the results of the face back. We do that for all of these training examples. So this is for all training examples. We do this training has to go across all the examples. So for each example we’d run face detection is the first step. The second step and, probably, the most important step is to capture features of that face. That’s, probably, the most important step there is why would you, actually, detect the face? We have to detect features about the face. ‘Cause remember with face recognition, this is a more specific question that we’re asking rather than face detection. We just can’t use those same hard features that we were talking about because those are meant to just detect general faces. You can’t really use them to detect a specific person’s face. We have to capture some features that can help us uniquely identify different faces. That’s where this step two comes along. Once we’ve captured features for that particular face, we have to store these features with the label. Once we’ve captured these features, then we can store them and use the labels so that when we get in new training examples and new images, we can compare them to the stuff we already have seen and just take the label of the face that’s closest to whatever the new input image is. Speaking about getting new examples, let’s talk about testing. Testing is for new images. I’m just going to abbreviate image as img. For new images, what we have to do is, firs of all, we have to run face detection again. We will want to detect the face. If the image has multiple faces, that’s perfectly fine. We will just detect all of them. With the second step, what we have to do is capture features of all faces. ‘Cause remember in the training examples there’s, generally, just going to be one face per image. That just makes it simpler when we’re dealing with training data because we have control over our training data. With testing data, we don’t really know how many faces can be in a particular image and, actually, it turns out it’s not gonna matter. We want to capture features of all of the faces. Then after we have those features, using the same algorithm, then we can, actually, compare to training data or to training features I should say. The last step, down here is, the coolest step and that’s the prediction. Once we have the features of all the faces in our testing image then we can compare those features with faces that we’ve previously seen, from the training phase and we can find the closest image. Once we have that closest image, then we can just take the same label that’s from the closest image and say well then this is what the person that’s depicted in this image. That’s the person that’s depicted for that face. That’s something that we can do in OpenCV fairly simply. Along with the prediction, we also get something called a Confidence Value. Intuitively that’s how confident is our AI? Is it unsure about this or is it really confident that this face belongs to this person? Anyway, this is just that OpenCV can just give us when we train our machine learning model or AI. You can just go to new input image and you call function on it with the new input image and it will return you the label and the confidence. So that’s not something that we have to worry about too much. But the key step that I want to be focusing on is this step right here. That is capture features of all faces. Capturing these facial features. ‘Cause like I mentioned before, face recognition is more specific than detection so we have to be smart about which features we capture and how we capture the features of the face. Because if you are going into any kind of data mining or data science or anything like that, you’re gonna learn, very quickly, that it’s all about using good features. Usually if you have good features and a relatively simple machine learning algorithm or something like that, then you’re, generally, going to do better than if you have truly bad features and you try to compensate by using some really complicated, over the top algorithm. This capturing analysis of the features is, probably, the most important step in face recognition. And so in the next few videos we’re gonna be discussing a couple of different ways that we can do that and the majority of the ways that we do this are centered around this topic called dementiality reduction. And it sounds much scarier than it actually is. I’m gonna give you a more intuitive understanding of dementiality reduction in the next video actually. But I’m just gonna stop right here and do a quick recap. With face recognition, we want to answer the question whose face is in this image? That’s more specific than face detection because face detection is just is there a face in this image? To answer this question, we can’t just hard code all of the values in there. We have to use some kind of artificial intelligence and machine learning to identify the features of a particular face given lots of training examples, and then given a new image, we compare it with those previous examples that we’ve seen before and then you can make a prediction. And so what I mean by examples, unless I show it here, examples are just a tubal containing the image of the face and then the label. And the label, in this case, is the name of the person. So given lots of these, we can go through the training phase and apply face detection to identify the face more specifically and then capture features of that particular face and then store those features with the labeling or the person name. In this giant data model that has the name of the person and then the face. Multiple examples. So you can have the same person but multiple faces and we’re gonna see that that is gonna happen with the new data set that we’ll be using. It might be a person that’s smiling, frowning, the same person is winking, the same person is, you know, you just collect different images, different facial expressions from the same person. We’re gonna get in to the data set a bit later. So anyway, that’s the training phase. With the testing phase, when you get a new image, the first two steps are the same. You run face detection and get the features. You have to make sure you get the features using the same algorithm as when you trained. And then once you have those features, then you can compare with all of the examples that you’ve seen before and then make your prediction. That’s face recognition in a nut shell. The most important step of this is to capture these features. How do we get these features given a sub section of an image that contains a face? That’s the most important portion and that’s a portion that we’re gonna be also focusing on. A lot of the techniques that deal with that actually discuss dementiality reduction. It will give you an intuitive understanding of dementiality reduction in the next video. This is just an overview of face recognition. In the next video, to introduce two of the algorithms that we’re gonna use for capturing these features. I’m going to discuss dementiality reduction in the next video. Hello everybody, my name is Mohit Deshpande and in this video I want to introduce you guys to the dataset that we’ll be using for face recognition. In the provided code I’ve actually bundled this dataset in it as well. It’s actually a pretty popular face recognition dataset. It’s called the Yale face dataset and so here what some of the pictures look like over here and so when you open it up you might notice that on Linux it’ll render but if you are opening up, if you’re looking at the dataset on a different operating system, sometimes it doesn’t quite render the images of the faces because there’s no file extension, really. They all follow the same naming convention for the file name. So, a subject and then their number and then dot and then some property about, some sort of description about the person in the image. It ends right there, there’s no .png or something like that so it just ends right there. So sometimes, I’ve had this issue on MacOS, sometimes these images don’t really render so you have to open them up in preview. In Windows you might have to actually open them in the photo viewer or something to look at them. But on Linux, luckily for us, it recognizes them as being images. Like I said, in this video I just want to get you guys acquainted to this dataset that we’ll be using and also show you how we can add ourselves to this dataset actually. If I scroll all the way down, see I’ve added myself to this dataset as subject16 afterwards So, I’m gonna explain how we can do that as well. So, first of all, this Yale dataset, let’s pretend that I’m not in this dataset. The official Yale face dataset has 15 subjects and it’s about 11 images, or it’s exactly 11 I should say, exactly 11 images per subject. So, that comes out to us with 165 different images and so each subject has, 15 subjects and each subject has 11 images, and I should mention that these are actually gif images. When you’re using your, if you’re trying to use your images they don’t have to be in a particular file format, by the way. You can just use them as whatever but I guess when they were making this dataset they used that particular format so what kind of image file it is doesn’t really matter if you’re going to be putting your own stuff in there anyway. Lemme, just gonna talk a little bit about the way that this dataset is set up. So, like I said there’s 15 subjects and then each subject has 11 images and these 11 images are all different and that’s something that you should be, if you’re gonna put your own stuff in there they should be different images. You don’t just wanna use the same image 11 times. That’s not really that robust, but lets select your subject one, after the dot it tells you what conditions are in the image like, centerlight is, you know, center light. There’s one with glasses, there’s happy like a smiling expression, there’s leftlight so the light is kind of, one side of the face is a bit darker than the other. There’s one with no glasses to kinda contrast glasses. There’s a normal one which is just added in there, there’s rightlight where the right side of the face is lighter than the left side, there’s sad where they’re frowning, there’s sleepy where your eyes are closed, there’s surprised, and then I think wink is the last one. Yeah, wink is the last one. So, you can see that for each subject they asked them to do the same thing. So like, smile, left light, center light, wink, sad, you know, and all that stuff, so those 11 images. And they’re all different. So for no glasses and normal, for example, they look really similar but they’re two distinct images and so that’s something that, when you’re creating your own dataset that’s also something that you should do. And so this is quite commonly known as the training set. And it’s called training set because these images are what we’re gonna be feeding to our AI and telling our AI, hey this is a picture of subject one. We’ll say, here is another picture of subject one. And then we just kinda keep adding pictures of subject one and then eventually we’ll go to subject two and we’ll be like, oh these are pictures of subject two. And you give it the 11 images and it can help classify correctly and recognize whose face this is. And one thing I should mention is that the way that I described it is, we are just gonna be ignoring what’s after the dot. We just care about the 11 images classifying the subject. They’re supposed to be different images because the more different, the more variety is in your image, or is in your training set for a particular person, the better that it’s probably gonna recognize your face. Because if you take one picture and copy it 11 times and try to teach the classifier that, it’s just gonna pick up the same features 11 times. So that’s not really that useful. Which is why there’s all these different conditions like center light, there’s one with glasses or without glasses. If you don’t actually wear glasses then you can just borrow your friend’s or do something else with that. When you’re doing your dataset they don’t have to match up with this. You can just take 11 images from different angles and different facial expressions. And one thing I should mention, is that you might be tempted, looking at this, to see if you can do sentiment analysis and that’s a whole ‘nother field in computer vision. What I mean by that is, given a picture of a face, can you tell if it’s smiling or winking or stuff like that. You might be tempted to think that you can do that given this image set and you might be able to but I don’t think it’ll work that well. In fact, there are actually a lot of APIs that are starting to come about that actually already do sentiment analysis. So, you can usually just piggyback off of one of those. If you were trying to do sentiment analysis what you would do, your training set will then be different. You would need, just for one subject, you would need multiple pictures of them, like, winking, or multiple pictures of them being happy, or multiple pictures of them sad, and you know, so on and so on. It’s really all dependent on the training set and so I think that’s pretty much covers all that I wanted to cover about the Yale face dataset and so in the next few videos, actually in the next video I’m gonna show you how you can put yourself in this dataset and some of the stuff that has to go with that. But, I guess I’m gonna stop this video right here for this kinda introduction to the dataset here. Okay so, I’m just gonna do a quick recap, so, for our face recognition dataset we’ll be using the Yale face dataset and there are plenty of other datasets out there. I think AT&T has a face dataset, but it’s way bigger than this so I just wanted to, I chose this dataset particularly because it’s not a massive dataset, it’s like 165 images so you can skim through them really quickly but some of the other datasets have hundreds and hundreds of images so it just gets kinda tedious. Plus, when I actually get to the training phase that might take a bit longer for more images of course. But anyway, this is the Yale face dataset and it’s split up so that there are 15 subjects and each subject is uniquely identified by a number and each subject takes 11 images. And these images are unique images in the sense that they’re not just the same image copied 11 times. So, here’s all these different kinds of images of different facial expressions and different lighting conditions so that we can really try to make our AI more robust in these changes. So it’s 15 subjects, 11 images per subject and we’re gonna be using this dataset for training our AI. I guess I wanna stop right here with the Yale face dataset and then in the next video, if I scroll all the way to the bottom here, you can see I managed to put myself into this dataset and so if you wanna add your own face recognition here then you have to add your own face in here and there are some nuances that you have to kinda look at when discussing that so this is probably where I’m gonna stop right here. In the next video I’m gonna show you how you can add yourself to this face dataset. Hello everybody, my name is Mohit Deshpande and in this video I want to introduce you guys to this notion of dimensionality reduction and so name sounds much scarier than it actually is so let me just kinda give you an intuitive understanding of what it is and then we’re just gonna look at an example of how we would do this and the reason we’re talking about this is because two of the algorithms that we’re gonna be discussing, particular eigenfaces and fisherfaces are used for face recognition. Under the hood they actually use two algorithms called principle components analysis and linear discriminant analysis and both of these are a kind of dimensionality reduction and so this video is gonna kinda introduce you to this concept of dimensionality reduction so that we can talk about the two face recognition algorithms that you use here. So what is dimensionality reduction? So this just describes a set of algorithms whose purpose is to take data in a higher dimension so higher dimension data and represent it well in a lower dimension data, in a lower dimension basically and so I’ve been using this word dimension a lot so here’s an example actually that I’ve drawn of a scatterplot, this is just a plain old scatterplot, nothing fancy about it so this scatterplot is actually in 2D and in the example that we’re gonna be using, we’re primarily gonna be going from two dimensions to one dimension and so 2D is a plane and so this, no, is our x, y plane. This is also called the Cartesian coordinate plane but the point is it’s in two dimensions and why it’s in two dimensions is because we to represent any point in this coordinate system, you need two things to identify uniquely. You need an x coordinate and a y coordinate so each of these needs an x coordinate and a y coordinate to uniquely identify this and so you know kind of the examples that we’re gonna be going from is 2D to 1D and so what is one dimension, well that’s just a line, it’s a number line right so we only need one thing to uniquely identify a point on a number line, you just a need a single, a one component basically so that’s what I mean and so then this is kind of what we’ll be using for examples because and this can be applied to, like going from three dimensions to two dimensions but it’s just easier to draw it if it’s from two dimensions to one dimension so I’ll just gonna be using this for now. So yes, so what we’re gonna be doing is we need to find a way to take this data in two dimensions and represent it well in one dimension and so you might be asking well wait a minute, how do we do that if the data’s in two dimensions, you know how do we just cut off one portion of the dimension, you know. So what we’ll be doing is we’ll be doing these things called projections and to handle this intuitively, let me explain to you what a projection really does so how we can reduce dimensionality is commonly through finding an axis to project our points down to a lower dimensional axis to project our points down to so what I mean by, I’ve been using the word projection but what I mean by that is that suppose that we wanted to project all these points onto the x axis, so what I mean by that is we want to take all these points and then plot them along just the x axis and because the x axis is a line, then we’ve effectively done our job. We’ve taken something in 2D, the scatterplot, in two dimensions and we can represent that in one dimensional line. So to do this, we have to use projections so what a projection is is imagine I have like imagine I have like a flashlight or a series of different flashlights and this x axis was a wall and these points on the scatterplot were like some sort of object that’s kinda in the way and so what I do is I take this light and I make it so that it is perpendicular to the x axis. In other words if one’s a right angle so I shoot rays of light, I have my flashlight and I keep you know shooting these rays of light onto this so that they all kinda go down in this way and so what happens is these points are in the way so these points are actually gonna cast shadows along this wall right so these objects are gonna cast shadows and so where along the wall are these objects gonna cast shadows? Well if I have a ray of light coming in here, then it’s gonna cast a shadow and it’s gonna be right here is where it will, where the shadow will be on the wall and so I can do the same from this point, I can, you know if I have a ray of light going right here then it seems that this point right here would also you know, have a shadow right here. Let’s do this for all the points so let me just go back to this point and if I draw this point and I draw this line from the shadow, it’s gonna appear roughly right here and so if I do this point, then the shadow should appear right here ’cause if I have my rays of light are gonna be casting, you know these objects are gonna cast shadows and I keep doing this and you know I will have an object right here now and then I have this right here. Okay and so now what I’ve done is I’ve actually taken my points and projected them along the x axis so I’ve done my job of dimensionality reduction. Now I have points that are in one dimension. Right so these points are along a line and so what we’ve done is using projections we’ve taken data in two dimensions and projected it into data that’s in one dimension and this representation, this particular one is actually a pretty good, we’ve chosen a pretty good axis actually to begin with. The x axis so I want to show you what it’d look like to choose a good axis first and then we’re actually gonna go ahead and choose a bad, let’s choose a bad axis to project onto now so the x axis, this is you know how we did projections so now let me actually project along the y axis and so you know how do we do something like how do we project along the y axis, well we just take our light and we make it so that it’s now gonna be going to the left so now I can take my flashlights or something and then now I’m gonna make them go to the left and so now let’s do the same thing with projections. Well then if I take this point here, it’s gonna be right here where the light is gonna cast a shadow so that on this wall of my y axis if I have some light here, it’s gonna cast a shadow like this. When I pick this point, then I get something like this here and so if I get this point though, you can see that it’s actually kind of overlapping with point and so these two points are kinda like the shadows will be the same shadow like right here and the same for these three points actually. It turns out that these three points actually share, if I, you know, put two points, if I put these objects in a line and I cast some light under the shadows, they’re gonna kinda like overlap here and so we just get one point here and so you may be thinking well hey great, this is good because we’re kind of reducing our, we’re reducing the number of data that we have but it turns out that this is actually isn’t a good, an axis to use. It’s not a good line to use. The x axis was good and so the class of algorithms for dimensionality reduction are most concerned about picking, picking a good axis so that’s kinda what this whole notion of dimensionality reduction like the two algorithms that we’re gonna be talking about in the next video, they’re most concerned about picking a good axis to cast our light, to cast our shadows on and this is what’s called a, what’s known as a projection and so you know, how does this, I’ve been talking a lot about these like scatterplots but how does this work with images actually because the two algorithms that we’re gonna be discussing are dealing with images. Well it turns out you can think of the dimensionality of you know, an image so like suppose I have this, is a 10 by 10 image here so you know what is the dimensionality of this image? Well the dimensionality is equal to the number of pixels in this image so this image is actually in a 100, it’s a point in 100 dimensional space and that’s really hard to think about, I mean most experienced mathematicians have difficulty imagining, visualizing the fourth dimension and I’m asking you to think of something in 100 dimensions. That’s just not, you know that’s not good and we kinda get the same thing, we kinda get the same principle when we were discussing face detection is do we really need a hundred dimensions to tell us if two images are you know the same or not of if two faces are identical and it turns out that no, we really don’t and so what we’re trying to do is take something in like 100 dimensional space and bring it down to something like, I don’t know maybe like 10 dimensional space or something like that and then we can just compare the two, the input image, we do the same thing with the input image is we convert it to 100, we convert it from 100 dimensional space down to 10 dimensional space or something and compare the two. You intend to natural spaces very impossible to visualize while what it might be that 10 things that can identify a point in 10 dimensions will you know work. Maybe 10 numbers works well and we can kinda reduce, you know our dimensionality of the image and all this is gonna be kind of happening under the hood by OpenCV so you don’t have to try to wrap your head around a hundred dimensional space. But the principle here is the same. We just wanna take something that’s in a higher dimension and move it to a lower dimension with a simple representation so that we don’t have to deal with like a hundred numbers representing a face where in this case versus 10 numbers representing a face and in reality the images, the input images are gonna be much higher than a hundred dimensions. This is actually really small but we want to reduce the dimensionality so that we can compare two images in a relatively, lower dimensionality and so we can get a good result that helps improve accuracy and efficiency and so that is just and actually just a quick cyber. As it turns out, you can use the same dimensionality reduction techniques to take a point, take an image and actually plot it on like a scatterplot and you know if two images are close to each other, that would mean that these two images are actually similar like they’re really close to each other and so you can do all sorts of cool things with dimensionality reduction but it turns out it’s also super useful for face recognition and so there are two algorithms that we’re gonna be talking about in the next few videos about how you know and they describe basically ways that how we can choose a good access so anyway, this one messed up right here and I’m gonna do a quick recap so with dimensionality reduction, what we’re trying to do is take something that’s in a higher dimensionality and represent it simply in a lower dimensionality so I showed this example with the scatterplot. I want to take this two dimensional data in x and y and just represent it on a line and so a way to do that is we use the thing called projections and so projections, imagine the axis that you want to project on is a wall and you have a light, like a flashlight that’s projecting in this, like projecting light rays in perpendicular to this wall so that the points are like random objects and so when you cast the light that will make shadows along the wall and you plot where the shadows are on the wall and then that gives you, you know, you can now successfully take data from two dimensions and put it in one dimension by looking at the shadows that these cast. It’s also kind of why they’re called projections ’cause you would think of it as a light projecting a shadow basically so that is dimensionality reduction and then the next two videos, we’re gonna be discussing two particular algorithms that we can use to answer those question of how do we pick a good axis so I’m gonna get to the first one called eigenfaces and principle components analysis in the next video.

A toggle option to click on a list at the beginning of the server list, that shows which servers have notifications, as well as what type (regular, personal pings, role pings, etc) with message previews, that when clicking on the server icon in-list will jump to the server - and its notifications - in question. An option to keep or delete said notifications in the list after clicking, as well. Notification sound packs would be awesome for discord. Imagine being able to set the sounds to a mario coin or set up a theme to match the game youre playing. I like Discord. Hate the lack of support and lack of obvious functionality, such as this. Yes we need this asap.

Competition is a powerful tool that can be used in the school sector to benefit consumers, raise productivity and help the poor. The superior performance of private schools over state schools demonstrates the benefits of private ownership, managerial autonomy and market accountability in a competitive environment. Moreover, the US evidence is that even the limited competition sometimes permitted between government schools and between a fringe private sector and a dominant state system improves state school performance—student achievement increases while spending per pupil falls (see Hoxby 1996, 1997a, 1997b, 1998a, 1998b, 2001; Dee 1998). Reform of education financing to increase competition between schools would be beneficial, but the benefits can be offset by regulation that hinders competition and restricts choice. Regulation can impair the performance of private schools by reducing their autonomy and incentive to cater to parents. It may also be used to protect incumbents and impose particular education philosophies. For regulation to foster competition and widen choice, it should be minimal and not require detailed oversight of how schools operate. The government’s role as provider of education should be separated from its role as regulator. Specific examples of the potential costs of regulation, and appropriate regulatory policy to facilitate competition, are set out: how the government should regulate private school admission policies, curricula and fees.

If your child is abusing drugs, you may wonder how prevalent adolescent drug abuse is and what drugs are most often abused by adolescents. It’s been estimated nearly 24 million Americans used illegal drugs within the past month. That’s almost 10 percent of the population of the United States. These studies show that drugs are prevalent in our children’s lives, regardless of socioeconomic status. The 5 drugs commonly abused by teens are alcohol, marijuana, prescription medications, over-the-counter substances, and spice or K2. While the most common drugs used may not be surprising, each of these drugs has a big impact on our lives, our community, and our society. Drugs Most Often Abused The prevalence of alcohol should come as no surprise when it comes to addiction. Alcohol is readily available, even with laws that prohibit selling it to minors. Drinking by underage persons is around 25 percent. As a legal drug, alcohol is still number one when it comes to addiction and alcoholism is fairly common. Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant. Produced by fermenting yeast, it exists in wine, beer, and liquor. Marijuana is the second-most prevalent drug of choice because of its ready accessibility. With the decriminalization of marijuana in certain states along with medical marijuana laws, usage has increased in minors and adults. Marijuana is not harmless. It can cause psychoses, it can damage the lungs, and if used by teenagers, can be highly addictive. One in six teenage users are likely to become addicted to marijuana. Prescription medication abuse is becoming more common especially among young adults and teenagers. Because these drugs are often prescribed by doctors, children are more likely to think that these drugs are harmless or safe, when nothing could be further from the truth. Current drugs that can be abused include stimulants such as methylphenidate (drugs such as Concerta and Ritalin), amphetamines (drugs such as Dexedrine and Adderall), opioids such as morphine, codeine, fentanyl, oxycodone (drugs such as OxyContin), and hydrocodone (drugs such as Vicodin), depressants such as barbiturates (drugs such as phenobarbital), benzodiazepines (drugs such as Xanax and Valium), sleep medications (drugs such as Lunesta and Ambien), and prescription strength cough syrups. Over-the-counter medications that are frequently abused include the cough syrup ingredient, dextromethorphan. Methamphetamines are often made from pseudoephedrine, a decongestant found in cold medicines. Spice aka K2 A relatively new drug that has arrived on the scene is called spice or K2. Often called “synthetic” marijuana, it is often anything but. Chemical analyses show that most spice has a designer or synthetic cannabinoid compound component to it, and is far from being “natural” as many spice products’ labels often claim. Spice is considered highly addictive and in many cases has been known to cause confusion, agitation, hallucinations, rapid heart rate, vomiting, raised blood pressure, reduction in blood supply to the heart, and even heart attacks. Obviously, these are not all the drugs that are popular. Some drugs such as cocaine (including crack), methamphetamine or meth, and heroin are real problems in certain parts of the world and certain areas. To learn more about the danger of teen drug use and how we can help, give us a call at 877-466-0620. - DrugFacts: Nationwide Trends, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Understanding Drug Abuse and Addiction, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Monitoring the Future Study: Trends in Prevalence of Various Drugs, National Institute on Drug Abuse, - Media Guide: Most Commonly Used Addictive Drugs, National Institute on Drug Abuse

Biology Students develop a clear understanding of the sometimes complex concepts at the root of life science. Course units cover genetics and evolution, cell structure, multiple units on the diversity of life and on plant structure and function. For example, the unit on cell structure and specialization drills down into mitosis, meiosis, and cancer and carcinogens.

It's really amazing to watch. The humans don't even come close. Why do chimpanzee apes have a better short term memory than human apes? Natural selection selects for advantages that keep a creature alive. Advantages accumulate and spread throughout a population. But what happens when an evolved trait no longer becomes necessary? For example when one lineage of fishes winds up in a cave in total darkness. Then seeing becomes useless. If a mutation makes eyesight worse, that fish still survives because it can't see anyway. Since better eyesight is not selected for by natural selection, mutations that make eyesight worse accumulate, and eventually this lineage of fish becomes completely blind. Perhaps our ancient pre-human ancestors needed a strong short term memory to survive, and so this advantage was selected for. Our ancient ape ancestors who had a better memory were more likely to survive long enough to reproduce and their genes were passed on to the next generation. But then something happened that made an excellent short term memory less important. According to this BBC News article a scientist said "These studies tell us that elaborate short-term memory skills may have had a much more salient function in early humans than is present in modern humans, perhaps due to our increasing reliance on language-based memory skills." Our increasing reliance on language-based memory skills meant that a superior short-term memory became less necessary and so this advantage was not selected for, just like better eyesight was not selected for a lineage of fish that lived in completely dark caves. Some more information from the same BBC News article: The shortest time duration, 210 milliseconds, did not leave enough time for the subjects to explore the screen by eye movement - something we do all the time when we read. This is evidence, the researchers believe, that young chimps have a photographic memory which allows them to memorise a complex scene or pattern at a glance. This is sometimes present in human children but declines with age, they say. "Young chimpanzees have a better memory than human adults," Dr Matsuzawa told BBC News. "We are still underestimating the intellectual capability of chimpanzees, our evolutionary neighbours." Dr Lisa Parr, who works with chimps at the Yerkes Primate Center at Emory University in Atlanta, US, described the research as "ground-breaking". She said the importance of these primates for understanding the skills necessary for the evolution of modern humans was unparalleled. "They are our closest living relatives and thus are in a unique position to inform us about our evolutionary heritage," said Dr Parr. How are you Christian creationists doing? Are you keeping up with this? Do you better understand why everyone laughs at you when you deny our evolutionary relationship with the chimpanzee apes? Ready to join the 21st century yet? I didn't think so. Another better video about the same thing: Man Vs Chimp - memory test

A Zn-graphene composite coating was electrodeposited on mild steel. The graphene was synthesized by electrochemical exfoliation of graphite. Electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques were used to characterize the coatings. Compared to a pure Zn coating, the Zn-graphene coating exhibited reduced grain size, reduced surface defects, hillock structures over the coating surface and an altered texture. The corrosion behavior of the coatings was examined by Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic methods. A significant improvement in the corrosion resistance in terms of reduction in corrosion current and corrosion rate and increase in polarization resistance was noted in the case of the Zn coating containing graphene.

Neurocysticercosis is endemic in the developing world, but is becoming more common in the United States due to immigration. A 26-year-old Caucasian man presented with headache, nausea and vomiting and was found to have hydrocephalus and meningitis. Brain imaging and immunological studies were suggestive of neurocysticercosis. Endoscopic removal of the cyst resulted in resolution of symptoms. This case represents a combination of two rare presentations of extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis; intraventricular neurocysticercosis and subarachnoid neurocysticercosis. Although neurocysticercosis is pleomorphic in its presentation, extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis may be challenging to diagnose and treat. Clinicians should be aware of this condition given increasing incidence in the United States. Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the most common disease causing cystic lesions in the central nervous system, especially in developing and tropical countries [1]. However, extraparenchymal NCC may be challenging to diagnose and treat. Increasing immigration from endemic areas will lead to an increasing frequency of extraparenchymal NCC in the United States. Clinicians and neuroradiologists in the United States are often unaware of the radiographic patterns of extraparenchymal NCC and the potentially poor prognosis if not correctly diagnosed and managed. Here, we describe a case of extraparenchymal NCC as a cause of chronic meningitis and hydrochephalus in a patient and we discuss challenges in the diagnosis and management of these cases. A 26-year-old Caucasian man with history of diabetes mellitus presented to our emergency department complaining of diffuse headache that had developed two months prior to presentation. He also reported nausea and vomiting that became progressively worse. He denied fever, chills, photophobia or any other symptoms. He was born in Mexico and moved to California when he was 18 years old. A physical examination revealed a temperature of 37°C and mild neck stiffness but an examination including funduscopy and ophthalmologic examination was otherwise normal. Initial laboratory findings indicated a white blood cell count of 6500/mm3 with 75% polymorphonuclear leukocytes, 15% lymphocytes and 8% monocytes. His serum glucose was 90 mg/dL. The remainder of the laboratory data was normal. An initial computed tomography (CT) scan of his head showed hydrocephalus (Figure 1). A lumbar puncture was performed and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed an opening pressure of 400 mmHg, with 330 white blood cells/mm3 with 14% neutrophils, 45% lymphocytes, 38% monocytes, 3% eosinophils, 3 red blood cells/mm3, a protein level of 84 mg/100 mL and a glucose level of 43 mg/100 mL. A Gram stain and India ink stain of CSF were negative and final bacterial, viral, fungal and mycobacterial cultures were negative. Our patient was initially started on antimycobacterial therapy for empiric treatment of possible tuberculous meningitis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of his brain revealed an absence of meningeal enhancement, dilated lateral and third ventricles, with aqueduct stenosis and a possible small cystic area in or adjacent to the inferior aqueduct (Figures 2, 3, 4). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of the CSF was positive for immunoglobulin G (IgG) cysticercosis antibody, with 1.31 optical density units (OD) (positive result > 0.50 OD). His serum IgG cysticercosis antibody was positive with 4.42 OD. The serological diagnosis was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay performed for both serum and CSF. On further history, our patient mentioned that he used to eat undercooked meat when he was in Mexico. A diagnosis of extraparenchymal NCC was made. Our patient underwent endoscopic removal of the cyst and three weeks of therapy with albendazole (15 mg/kg/day) and corticosteroids was initiated. Postoperatively, our patient had a full range of extraocular movements, no periaqueductal injury and complete resolution of his presenting symptoms. Pathology findings confirmed the diagnosis of NCC (Figure 5). CT of his head (transverse view) showing presence of hydrocephalus and dilation of ventricles. Midsagittal T1-weighted MRI of his head showing hydrocephalus with stenosis of aqueduct ( arrow ). Cine flow MRI: lack of cerebral aqueduct flow void (arrow) but no obvious cyst. Midsagittal T2-weighted MRI of his head showing hydrocephalus with lack of cerebral aqueduct patency ( arrow ). Pathology specimen. Wavy, somewhat refractile cuticle with presence of loose, reticular tissue. NCC is the most common parasitic infestation of the central nervous system worldwide but is also of emerging importance in the United States, especially in areas with high volumes of immigration from endemic regions of Latin America [2]. A recent study reported an overall frequency of subarachnoid cysts in 2%, ventricular cysts in 6%, and hydrocephalus in 16% of NCC cases [2]. Intraventricular NCC, the presence of Taenia solium cysts in the cerebral ventricular system, occurs in 7-30% of patients with NCC [3]. According to recent studies, extraparenchymal NCC is probably more frequent than previously thought [3]. We have recently reviewed the pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical manifestations and treatment of extraparenchymal NCC in the United States [4]. In our case extraparenchymal NCC occurred in an adult male Hispanic immigrant who presented with subacute intracranial hypertension from hydrocephalus and chronic meningitis, characterized by a mild-to-moderate CSF lymphocytic pleocytosis, mild-to-moderate increase in protein, and minimal meningeal signs on exam. Intracranial hypertension is a common manifestation of extraparenchymal NCC and in our case was caused by the direct obstruction of the aqueduct by a cyst and possible blockage of CSF pathways within the subarachnoid space. This blockage may have been due to the inflammatory reaction at the tentorium opening. Extraparenchymal NCC is associated with a local inflammatory response with high protein concentration and cell counts in the CSF [5]. Clinical manifestations and CSF findings are similar to the more common tuberculous and fungal meningitis [5, 6], since the CSF findings consist of pleocytosis (usually lymphocytic but frequently polymorphonuclear), reduced glucose and elevated protein [5]. In one series of cysticercal meningoencephalitis, confusion with tubercular meningitis was present in 61.5% cases [5]. An important differentiating feature is the presence of eosinophils (above 5%) in the CSF, which is usually seen only in the initial phases of the illness but occurs in only 15% of patients [3]. The presence of chronic meningitis, hydrocephalus, and absence of eosinophils in the CSF of a patient coming from an endemic area for tuberculosis suggested the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis, and our patient was started on empiric treatment for tuberculosis until a diagnosis of neurocysticercosis was made. It is often common practice to attribute chronic meningitis and hydrocephalus to tubercular meningitis in the presence of appropriate epidemiologic history and treat empirically by shunting and antitubercular therapy. Thus, an astute clinical acumen is required to make the diagnosis of cysticercal meningitis. Neuroimaging findings of extraparenchymal cysticerci are subtle and are usually not seen by CT. The most common CT finding in subarachnoid NCC is hydrocephalus [7]. In our case, there was hydrocephalus and non-specific cerebral aqueduct stenosis but no obvious imaging evidence of a parasite in the parenchymal or extraparenchymal space. The cyst was located in the aqueduct but was very subtle and was initially missed by the radiologist. Because the cyst membrane is thin and the fluid is isodense with the cerebrospinal fluid, uninflamed extraparenchymal cysticerci are usually not visible on CT scanning and may only reveal subtle, indirect findings on MRI [7]. MRI has good sensitivity for detecting intraventricular cysticercosis and although it did not initially clear the diagnostic dilemma in this case, contrast MRI was helpful in clarifying the morphology of the lesion. However, only the presence of cystic lesions, demonstrating the scolex of the larval stage of T. solium, can be considered pathognomonic of NCC and an absolute criterion for a definitive diagnosis of the disease [1, 8, 9]. Thus, previous studies have shown that optimal MRI protocols should include axial fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging to obtain maximal rates of scolex detection [8]. In our case the exact etiology of the cystic lesion was confirmed on pathological examination of the specimen. The diagnosis in our case was made based on the presence of a lesion highly suggestive of NCC on neuroimaging study, positive serum immunoassay for the detection of anticysticercal antibodies, positive CSF immunoassay for detection of anticysticercal antibodies and epidemiologic criteria including an individual coming from an area where cysticercosis is endemic [1]. However, extensive and comprehensive revision of the diagnostic criteria of NCC, especially of extraparenchymal NCC, is mandatory according to many recent publications [5, 7, 10]. There is still no consensus regarding optimal treatment strategies in patients with intraventricular NCC [3, 6, 10]. Various therapeutic modalities include antihelminthic medication, microneurosurgical removal, ventriculoperitoneal shunting, and endoscopic management [5]. Medical therapy alone is not favored because of the limited efficacy in such cases, and a risk of developing acute hydrocephalus during the clinical treatment period because of the mobile nature of the intraventricular cyst [3, 11]. Thus, surgical evaluation is necessary prior to medical treatment [5] and in patients presenting with acute hydrocephalus, surgery is the only option [3, 11]. Endoscopic approaches for intraventricular NCC have been described in recent years and often allow for cyst removal and hydrocephalus treatment, freeing the patient from shunt procedures [12]. Although subarachnoid cysts were not identified, our patient's clinical presentation and CSF analysis was consistent with cysticercal meningitis and subarachnoid cysticercosis. Thus, our case represents a combination of two rare presentations of extraparenchymal NCC; intraventricular NCC and subarachnoid NCC. There was a consensus among treating neurologists, neurosurgeons and infectious disease consultants to use albendazole at a dose of 15 mg/kg/day for a minimum of 21 days as the antiparasitic treatment. Our patient also received steroids for three weeks and the doses and duration used were equal or bigger than the known standard doses to treat parenchymal disease [6]. However, with controversy in the literature over the optimal management of this condition and without further evidence-based guidelines to help management of extraparenchymal NCC, the decision about the total dose and duration of antiparasitic and steroid therapy was at the discretion of the treating neurologist. In summary, the case presented here is an important reminder that intraventricular NCC should be considered in the differential diagnosis of obstructive hydrocephalus with the radiographic appearance of a cystic lesion in the third, aqueduct, or fourth ventricle. Extraparenchymal NCC may be a more common form of NCC in the United States than previously thought. Because clinicians in the US outside the southwest US are often unfamiliar with NCC as a cause of chronic meningitis, chronic ventriculitis, or hydrocephalus without obvious cysts, the diagnosis of extraparenchymal NCC often depends on the correct interpretation of neuroimaging which may miss the diagnosis. Thus, meningeal and intraventricular NCC should always be considered by clinicians and radiologists in the differential diagnosis of chronic meningitis and hydrocephalus, particularly in patients from Latin America. del Brutto OH: Neurocysticercosis. Semin Neurol. 2005, 25 (3): 243-251. 10.1055/s-2005-917661. Wallin MT, Kurtzke JF: Neurocysticercosis in the United States: review of an important emerging infection. Neurology. 2004, 63 (9): 1559-1564. Figueroa JJ, Davis LE, Magalhaes A: Extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis in Albuquerque, New Mexico. J Neuroimaging. 2011, 21 (1): 38-43. 10.1111/j.1552-6569.2009.00452.x. Cardenas G, Jung H, Rios C, Fleury A, Soto-Hernandez JL: Severe cysticercal meningitis: clinical and imaging characteristics. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010, 82 (1): 121-125. 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0347. Proano JV, Torres-Corzo J, Rodriguez-Della VR, Guizar-Sahagun G, Rangel-Castilla L: Intraventricular and subarachnoid basal cisterns neurocysticercosis: a comparative study between traditional treatment versus neuroendoscopic surgery. Childs Nerv Syst. 2009, 25 (11): 1467-1475. 10.1007/s00381-009-0933-4. Garcia HH, Evans CA, Nash TE, Takayanagui OM, White AC, Botero D Rajshekhar V, Tsang VC, Schantz PM, Allan JC, Flisser A, Correa D, Sarti E, Friedland JS, Martinez SM, Gonzalez AE, Gilman RH, Del Brutto OH: Current consensus guidelines for treatment of neurocysticercosis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2002, 15 (4): 747-756. 10.1128/CMR.15.4.747-756.2002. Lucato LT, Guedes MS, Sato JR, Bacheschi LA, Machado LR, Leite CC: The role of conventional MR imaging sequences in the evaluation of neurocysticercosis: impact on characterization of the scolex and lesion burden. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2007, 28 (8): 1501-1504. 10.3174/ajnr.A0623. Castillo M: Imaging of neurocysticercosis. Semin Roentgenol. 2004, 39 (4): 465-473. 10.1016/j.ro.2004.06.007. Kalra V, Mishra D, Suri A, Seth R, Garg A: Intraventricular neurocysticercosis. Indian J Pediatr. 2009, 76 (4): 420-423. 10.1007/s12098-009-0023-3. Goel RK, Ahmad FU, Vellimana AK, Suri A, Chandra PS, Kumar R, Sharma BS, Mahapatra AK: Endoscopic management of intraventricular neurocysticercosis. J Clin Neurosci. 2008, 15 (10): 1096-1101. 10.1016/j.jocn.2007.10.004. Bergsneider M: Endoscopic removal of cysticercal cysts within the fourth ventricle. Technical note. J Neurosurg. 1999, 91 (2): 340-345. 10.3171/jns.19 |||IP_ADDRESS||| 0. Correspondence to Theodoros Kelesidis. TK analyzed and interpreted the patient data and was a major contributor in writing the manuscript. ST analyzed the patient data and contributed in writing the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Pixelbook Crostini php Laravel Web dev environment setup instructions I was successful in setting up a web, mysql, php 7.2 laravel, dev environment on my Pixelbook thanks to Crostini. This really makes the Pixelbook as good as, if not better than my macbook pro for development work. Link to my google doc with some instruction notes that I used to get this working if anyone is interested. \[Link to docs\]: ([https://docs.google.com/document/d/1aC7MwGT0z7C\_7GflhUc3pRXz7Llx0PbTRQFcV88en\_g/edit?usp=sharing](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1aC7MwGT0z7C_7GflhUc3pRXz7Llx0PbTRQFcV88en_g/edit?usp=sharing))

Translate to French: Public Affairs activities, conversely, are well-defined and aligned with departmental and mission objectives. Les activités des Affaires publiques, par contre, sont bien définies et sont en accord avec les objectifs du Ministère et de la mission.

By Danavir Goswami From its early years to present, ISKCON has witnessed droves of devotees leave their bodies while traveling in automobiles. Although devotees don’t drink and drive, many male devotee drivers that I know are virtual terrors behind the wheel. With a desire to reduce Vaisnava auto tragedies and hoping to improve our service to Lord Krishna, Srila Prabhupada and our spiritual authorities, we humbly suggest some guidelines for devotee drivers to follow. Let us begin by understanding that driving an automobile in the service of the Lord (dasyam) is equal to performing any other service in bhakti-yoga such as sravanam, kirtanam, distributing books, offering arati to the deities, managing a temple, etc. Sri Daruka, Sri Hanuman, Sri Garuda and other devotees are famous for rendering the service of transporting the Lord from one place to another. Srila Prabhupada wanted devotees to drive carefully and he censured careless driving on several occasions. If we ignore his request and the laws governing safe driving, we are spiritually and materially at fault. [1] Due to inattention in performing devotional service, a careless devotee driver may not achieve the highest destination should he be called upon to leave his body. The Katha Upanisad (1.3.14) warns ksurasya dhara nisita duratyaya durgam pathas tat kavayo vadanti. “The path of spiritual realization is very difficult; it is sharp like a razor’s edge. That is the opinion of learned transcendental scholars.” [2] CARELESS DRIVING IS NOT AUTHORIZED Speeding: Actually, we are seeing, especially in the Western countries, this motorcar civilization, when we run on the motorcar, especially with high speed, it is always we think that any moment danger can take place. (aside:) You remember, you were driving your father’s car, eighty miles. So I asked you, “Don’t go so fast.” (Class given by Srila Prabhupada in Vrndavana, November 10, 1972) Prabhupäda: They are not sober. Adhéra. Therefore they meet with so many accidents. You also. As soon as we’re in the car, he wants to drive at a hundred miles speed. Pusta Krsna: I think it was token punishment, but I’m sorry if you were in the car. [Referring to an car accident in Africa which Srila Prabhupada was in the car] Prabhupäda: (laughs) What is the use? You are not going to serve anyone that we have to go high speed. We can go comfortably. Hari-sauri: We can make our own pace. Prabhupäda: Yes. Çyämasundara also. He was driving seventy-five. And what you are doing? What is that? This country, Portland. Pusta Krsna: Oregon? From Eugene to Oregon. Prabhupäda: Oregon, yes. Pusta Krsna: I was in the car with you in the back seat. Prabhupäda: Oh, you were in the car? Pusta Krsna: They all fell asleep. I was chanting. You were sitting, you didn’t even go to sleep that night (laughs). Even though it was late at night, it was about eleven, twelve, one o’clock at night, you didn’t want to stay at that bhogé yogi house. I remember that. And he drove very, very fast back to Portland. That was a very nice engagement. Prabhupäda: Hmm. That was Syämasundara’s father’s car. So he’s a good driver, (laughter) but very dangerous driver. (Room Conversation — June 18, 1976, Toronto) Here Srila Prabhupada is speaking to his disciple Syamasundara dasa about the time five months before when Syamasundara drove Srila Prabhupada in Oregon. I was also onboard that late-model Chevrolet loaned by Syamasundara’s father. Certainly Srila Prabhupada knew that Krishna was in control and that Krishna protects His devotees, still he did not approve of fast driving. For momentary exhilaration, devotee-drivers behave like rebels without a cause putting aside even common sense. Reckless driving is practically suicidal but suicide is not approved for devotees. Tailgating: Tailgating is the practice of following another vehicle too closely. This practice is common among passionate materialist drivers and unfortunately is found among large percentages of male devotee drivers. Such behavior cannot be considered Krishna-conscious since it has no valuable purpose and is most foolish. Late-night driving:.(Letter from Srila Prabhupada to: Patita Uddharana — Delhi 15 November, 1971) Enough said. Japa-bag driving: It is nice to chant while driving but it is not safe to keep the hand in the bead bag and try to drive. At any moment the driver may have to swerve quickly and the beanbag can get entangled in the steering wheel. When driving, better to chant on one’s fingers. Eyes on the road: Sometimes devotee drivers carry on conversations with others in their vehicle while they drive and while doing so they like to look at the person they are speaking with. I have experienced devotee drivers turning around to look at someone in the back seat while speaking with the person. Drowsy driving: Devotees don’t sleep very much but driving to distant places requires plenty of rest. A devotee should generally expect to sleep at least eight hours if he/she plans to drive more than a hour at a time. Also devotee drivers must have a policy that as soon as it becomes difficult to keep the eyes open he must immediately stop and take some rest. Sloka memorization: It is nice to memorize slokas but taping slokas on the speedometer is going too far. DRIVING FOR KRISHNA RULES: Rule #1: Never go faster than the posted speed limit posted. Rule #2: Never follow closely behind the vehicle in front. Rule #3: Drive gently and politely. Rule #4: Stop driving as soon as the eyelids become difficult to keep open. Rule #5: On single lane highways, do not dangerously pass slower vehicles. Shanti. Rule #6: Drivers should be capable and confident drivers with valid driving licenses. Rule #7: Vehicles must be safe; i.e. brakes, tires, rear view mirrors, horn, etc. Rule #8: Drivers must follow all traffic signs explicitly. Rule #9: Drivers should not chant on beads while driving (they may chant on their fingers as did Lord Caitanya ) Rule #10: Drivers must wear glasses if needed. 26 QUALITIES OF A DEVOTEE DRIVER: With the readers’ permission, we have taken some liberties in applying these terms to driving. Here is the actual translation: .” While driving, I humbly suggest that a devotee or aspiring devotee should put into practice Vaisnava devotional principles such as described by Lord Krishna in the eleventh canto, verses 29-32 of the Srimad Bhagavatam and again mentioned by Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu in Caitanya Caritamrita, Madhya-lila 22.78-80 as follows: (1) krpalu: merciful Example: A Krishna-conscious driver doesn’t want to endanger the passengers in his vehicle or those in other vehicles by driving recklessly. (2) akrta-droha — humble; Example: A Krishna-conscious driver obeys all the traffic laws. (3) satya-sara –truthful; Example: A Krishna-conscious driver practices not driving even slightly over the speed limit, even if there are no police officers nearby, knowing how this will lead to further excesses. (4) sama — equal; Example: A Krishna-conscious driver knows that all vehicles have the same type of spirit souls (jivatma) inside and each living being is subject to illusion, to make mistakes, to cheat and to possess imperfect senses. Consequently, he expects them to do something dangerous and thus he drives defensively. (5) nidosa — faultless; Example: A Krishna-conscious driver is never the cause of an accident due to his self-indulgent driving. (6) vadanya — magnanimous; Example: A Krishna-conscious driver allows a very broad distance between his vehicle and the one in front of his vehicle. (7) mrdu — mild; Example: A Krishna-conscious driver tolerates stopping at red lights. (8) suci — clean; Example: A Krishna-conscious driver keeps the windshields, mirrors, and windows free from dirt. (9) akincana — without material possessions; Example: A Krishna-conscious driver does not use a cell phone while driving. (10) sarva-upakaraka — working for the welfare of everyone; Example: A Krishna-conscious driver recognizes that by driving safely his chances of performing more sankirtana are increased. (11) santa — peaceful; Example: A Krishna-conscious driver is not in a frantic hurry to arrive some place quickly. (12) krsna-eka-sarana — exclusively surrendered to Krsna; Example: A Krishna-conscious driver understands that his body belongs to Krishna and therefore he does not gamble it away in impulsive driving. (13) akama — desireless; Example: A Krishna-conscious driver does not have the inclination to be “ahead” of other vehicles. (14) aniha — indifferent to material acquisitions; Example: A Krishna-conscious driver does not drive faster than the speed limit even though his speedometer indicates that the vehicle is capable of traveling at higher speeds. (15) sthira — fixed; Example: A Krishna-conscious driver always wears his seat belt and makes sure that other passengers do so as well. (16) vijita-sat-guna — completely controlling the six bad qualities (lust, anger, greed, etc.); Example: A Krishna-conscious driver does not curse at others, make menacing gestures toward others or in other words lose his temper while driving. (17) mita-bhuk — eating only as much as required; Example: A Krishna-conscious driver does not eat while driving. (18) apramatta — without inebriation; Example: A Krishna-conscious driver does not try to get some stimulation from fast driving. (19) mana-da — respectful; Example: A Krishna-conscious driver allows other vehicles to enter his lane before his vehicle as required. (20) amani — without false prestige; Example: A Krishna-conscious driver agrees to move into the right lane (slower lane) allowing faster vehicles to surpass him using the left lane (faster lane). (21) gambhira — grave; . Example: A Krishna-conscious driver never forgets how dangerous it is to drive a motor vehicle. This material world is a place where danger lurks at every step. Padam padam yad vipadam na tesam. (22) karuna — compassionate; Example: A Krishna-conscious driver sets a good example for others to follow both in his driving and his consciousness. (23) maitra – friendly; Example: A Krishna-conscious driver is the best friend to all other drivers and pedestrians because he is so careful. (24) kavi — poetic; Just drive for Krishna No speeding and no reading No daring and no swearing Just drive for Krishna (25) daksa — expert; Example: A Krishna-conscious driver considers driving a vehicle his precious service to the Lord and thus he performs this duty like Daruka. (26) mauni — silent. Example: A Krishna-conscious driver does not talk so much that it distracts his driving. CONCLUSION We hope that by safe driving, the numbers of devotee-drivers and their passengers who are forced to leave their bodies will be diminished. Nevertheless, if it is our time to depart, we want to be sure that we are performing our duty properly, namely driving carefully for Krishna. (the end) Endnotes: 1. Just like when we are driving car, the law is red light, we have to stop. That is law. Because if you unrestrictedly drive your car, there will be accident. Either you will die or somebody will die. (Srila Prabhupada’s Lecture on Srimad-Bhägavatam 1.3.9 — Los Angeles, September 15, 1972) 2.. (SB 7.15.41 Purport) 3. Rädhä-vallabha: In New Jersey one time we were driving very fast to try and meet you at the airport, and a police officer pulled us over, and he was very angry. We were driving very fast. And he said… Prabhupäda: No, you should not drive fast. (devotees laugh) No, no, this is not good. Rädhä-vallabha: We had to pick you up at the airport, Prabhupäda, and we were late. Prabhupäda: That’s all right, but fast, drive very fast, is risky. Rädhä-vallabha: So this police officer he pulled us over. He was very angry. He said, “Let us see your license and registration.” We gave it to him, and it said International Society for Krsna Consciousness on the registration. He said, “Oh, Krsna.” And he asked us some questions about the philosophy, and he listened very carefully, and then he said, “I cannot give people like you a ticket.” [break] Prabhupäda: …they are pleased, but don’t take undue advantage. Yes. (Morning Walk — June 26, 1975, Los Angeles) 4. Human decision that there is signboard, “Speed Limit 35.” If he doesn’t care, he is not a human being, he is animal. A human being, he will take care, “Why shall I drive 100?” (Srila Prabhupada discussing on Jean-Paul Sartre) 5. Leave a minimum of one car length for each ten miles per hour or 16 kilometers per hour of speed you are traveling. In other words, if you are traveling at 60 miles per hour or 96 kilometers per hour then you should remain at least six car lengths behind the vehicle in front of you. 6. Nobody is careful. So that is the position. Unless one is careful to his sense that “Why should I drive so fiercely or without any care that others may be injured, my car will be injured? Why shall I created this trouble? Let me drive the car very conscientiously…” So that is required. (Lecture on Srimad-Bhägavatam 1.8.51 — Los Angeles, May 13, 1973) 7.. (SB 8.2.32 Purport) 8. If you do not know how to drive, then the car will play disaster. Your life will be risky. Your life will be risky. If you simply sit down in a good car without knowing the art of driving, then it will play disaster. You give at once motion, and it will collide with something, and you will be fractured, and whole thing will be dismantled. (Bhagavad-gitä Lecture Excerpts: 2.44-45, 2.58 — New York, March 25, 1966) 9.. (Srila Prabhupada speaking: Room Conversation — July 16, 1968, Montreal) 10.. (Bhagavad-gétä 3.13-16 — New York, May 23, 1966) 11. Caitanya Mahaprabhu used to count on His fingers. (Caitanya-caritamrita; Madhya 7.37 Purport) Source:

25 years ago - Marietta College will serve as the host for the Division III Mideast Regional baseball tournament. The World Series will be held in Bristol, Conn., mostly because Muzzy Field has lights. Marietta's Pioneer Park had been the site of the Series for 12 years. - The Marietta Fire Department is slated to get a pontoon boat to help fight fires on the rivers, but it won't be until after the summer boating season is over. 100 years ago - After three weeks of being held prisoner in her home by her father, Mrs. Inez Wheaton was released by police and taken to her husband, James Roush. - The junior class at Marietta College planned to lower a skeleton bearing the words "The Spirit of the class of '13" into chapel during services for the seniors. The plot was discovered by Dean Manley and put to a stop. 700 Channel Lane , Marietta, OH 45750 | 740-373-2121 © 2014. All rights reserved.| Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

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An annual eye examination provides the best defense against the possibility of eye disease and many other medical conditions. Early onset macular degeneration, glaucoma and cataracts can be detected and risks can be reduced through early detection and treatment through eye exams. Other potentially life-threatening conditions such as heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and some forms of cancer can sometimes be detected through a comprehensive eye examination. A comprehensive geriatric, adult and pediatric eye examination typically includes taking a medical history and involves questions about health, life style, medications, and past eye diseases or surgeries. A patient’s visual acuity and refractive error is measured using eye charts and automated refracting instruments. These measurements determine the need for corrective lenses and, if so, the specific prescription. The front of the eye is viewed using a slit lamp microscope to check the cornea, anterior chamber, iris and lens. The inside of the eye is often examined using drops to dilate the pupils. Any retinal or optic nerve problems inside of the eye can be identified using retinal imaging technology. The eye pressure is measured using an instrument called a tonometer. We do not use an air puff tonometer often found in non-private eye care centers. After the examination, corrective lenses may be prescribed with spectacle lenses and/or contact lenses. We specialize in pre and post- operative laser vision correction. Additional diagnostic testing and/or treatment can be scheduled, if necessary. For those 65 and older, annual examinations are strongly recommended. Possible eye disease could be present even without the presence of symptoms or difficulties in seeing. For example, there are no obvious early symptoms associated with glaucoma – a disease that progresses very slowly. Eighty percent of what children learn is visual. Among school-aged children, 6-11 years old, an estimated 5.3 million have vision problems. Eyesight plays an essential role in learning, yet many children have a vision problem and aren’t aware of it. They may be too young to read, too young to fully communicate, or simply don’t recognize that their eyesight isn’t optimal or is changing. Comprehensive eye exams are necessary to detect any problems that a simple screening can miss, such as eye coordination, lazy eye, and nearsightedness, farsightedness and astigmatism. A child’s vision might change frequently, so regular eye and vision care is crucial to a child’s success and overall development.

Mark Wacht We located 1 person named Mark Wacht living in Alaska, New Mexico, Oklahoma and 1 other states.View Records Or browse possible matches below Mark Wacht Age 55 years old Gender Male Lived in Glennallen and Anchorage, AK. Carson, NM Stillwater, Tulsa, and Oklahoma City, OK. Franklin, NH Phone (907) 554-1000, (907) 554-4000 Possible Associates Mark Wacht could have been associated with Mary F Deibert and Stephanie Ann Russell.

Main photo: GERD construction site; 3 April 2020; Ethiopian Press Agency History teaches us that when change arrives, the best way to deal with it is not to resist, but to adaptThe Nile River, the longest river in the world, stretches across eleven countries. The Blue Nile, its largest tributary, originates from the Ethiopian highlands and flows all the way to Egypt until it enters the Mediterranean Sea. Herodotus, two and a half thousand years ago, claimed Egypt as ‘‘the gift of the Nile’’ because it depended on its water and the fertile soils washed from the Ethiopian highlands. For Egyptians, this narrative is as true today as it was thousands of years ago—but Egyptians seemingly forget that the river originates elsewhere. They allow its symbolic value to surpass its economic value. Egypt considers any tampering with the Nile River as a matter of life and death. This explains the combative approach of the Egyptian government towards negotiations over ‘‘fair and equitable utilization’’ of the Nile River. Upper riparian countries that contribute the entirety of the water that reaches the lower basin countries, Egypt and Sudan, made no effort to tame this trans-boundary river in the past. It was not until 1999 that the nine-nation Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) was set up, launching a series of negotiations over fair and equitable utilization of the Nile River. This showed good progress and culminated in the Cooperative Framework Agreement (the Entebbe Agreement) signed by six out of ten riparian countries in 2010. Egypt refused to sign the agreement and froze its membership in the NBI, disagreeing with upper riparian states over ‘fair and equitable utilisation’. Playing a zero-sum game, it appeared only concerned about the relative gains of other riparian states. In a broader context, this contention demonstrates tension between the forces of continuity and of change. The assertiveness of the upper riparian countries signified a formidable force of change; a stubborn Egypt stands as an inflexible defender of continuity. Can the force of continuity hold ground when faced by a burgeoning force of change caused by the fundamentally different circumstances of today? The force of continuity: Egyptian mythology In any discussion concerning the use of the Nile, Egypt has always boldly claimed historical rights over ‘its water’, including the right to veto any attempt to utilize the river by upstream countries. This claim results partly from a long-held mythology and partly from its erroneous interpretation of treaties and principles of international law. The myth, simply stated, is predicated on the civil law doctrine of res nullius, something belonging to no one or abandoned. The Nile River was adopted by the ancient Egyptians and now it exclusively belongs to Egypt. The underlying assumption was that it could be appropriated by one nation to the total exclusion of others. This is, of course, totally unfounded, and could in fact equally apply to upstream countries, allowing Ethiopia or others to tame the river, with due consideration of others’ rights. Egypt dressed up its ‘exclusive rights’ with implausible legal arguments, revolving around claims of the binding nature of treaties on (non-involved) parties and the customary law principle of ‘not causing significant harm’. The first is the 1902 Agreement between Britain and Ethiopia on the delimitation of the frontier between Ethiopia and Sudan, though Britain has no more direct interest over the utilization of the Nile River. There has been a fundamental change of circumstances and the principle of state succession does not apply to decolonization. The post-colonial states, in this case Egypt and Sudan, acquired a distinct and new legal personality. Even if an argument could be made that the treaty was still valid, article III only prohibits actions that ‘arrest’ or totally affect the flow of Nile River to downstream states. No upstream state has ever held such a position, which would be against the principle of causing ‘no significant harm’, a principle to which all upstream riparian countries fully subscribe. In fact, the 1902 agreement has also been repealed by two subsequent treaties (the 1929 Treaty and the 1959 Treaty), between Egypt and Britain. The 1929 treaty gives Egypt the right to veto any future projects to be developed on the Nile River; the 1959 treaty apportions the water of the entire Nile River between Egypt, Sudan, and evaporation. Ethiopia is not a party to either of these treaties and is not bound by any of their stipulations. A treaty is binding only on the parties which signed it. Egypt also contended that under customary international law, no state should cause significant harm to the interests (existing or future) of other states. Indeed, although it has yet to be properly defined, the ‘no significant harm’ principle has acquired a customary international law status. Equally, a state which claims that significant harm has been caused to its interests by other state(s) must show the actual existence of such harm. The International Court of Justice, for example, stated Nicaragua must prove the existence of trans-boundary harm, in its judgement on the case between Costa Rica vs. Nicaragua, in para.217. Egypt has claimed the ‘no significant harm’ factor is relevant to aspects of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), but this is essentially contrary to the Environmental Impact Assessment conducted by the Ethiopian government and the findings and recommendations of the International Panel of Experts. The project is in line with international standards and recommendations of the Panel of Experts. The most specific claim of Egypt, and the main reason for the recent impasse in the tripartite discussions between Egypt, Ethiopia and Sudan, concerns the technical issues of prolongation of the filling period and guarantees over periods of drought. Every state has a sovereign right to use the resources within their territory and no form of diktat can affect this. The timing of the filling can only be reached through mutual cooperation, the result of negotiations carried out in good faith. Nothing more, nothing less. Ethiopia is not constructing the dam for its aesthetic value; it is to bridge the gap between its ever-increasing need for power and the capacity of the state to provide it. Without provision of alternatives or payment of compensation, Egypt has no legal or moral capacity to demand an excessively prolonged period to fill the dam. As for periods of drought, no one can buy insurance policy for an Act of God. Neither Ethiopia nor Egypt has control over drought, but both have reciprocal obligations for sustainable utilization of available resources. The force of change: #ITSMYDAM! History teaches us that when real change arrives, the best way to deal with it is not to underestimate it or resist it, but to adapt one’s position through accommodative strategies. The world is full of compromises and excuses, give and take. The situation in Ethiopia has changed and for the better. The late Prime Minister of Ethiopia, Meles Zenawi, made it clear that Egypt should come to terms the changing circumstances and face the realities of the 21st century. No power can stop Ethiopia from unilaterally utilizing its natural resources. The changes came because the increasing population of Ethiopia, now close to 110 million people, calls for commensurate development to provide it with renewable energy. It is part of the moral and legal obligations incumbent upon the government to meet the needs of its population in the fight against poverty. The Blue Nile is no more an orphan but a child of Ethiopia, previously neglected but now animating every citizen of Ethiopia. The NBI and the Entebbe Agreement have been the result of Ethiopia’s relentless diplomatic efforts, underlined by the national commitment to claim a fair share of the river, symbolized by the launching of the GERD in 2011. If there is anything that unifies the ruling party, opposition, and critics alike, it is the redeemed sense of justice visible in the GERD project. Indeed, the GERD has as much symbolic as economic value. It is being built by the contributions made by all Ethiopians and as its very name underlines it is a national symbol of unity, justice and power, demonstrating Ethiopians welcome of the ‘return of their prodigal son’. The current diplomatic schism between Ethiopia and Egypt, caused by the failed negotiations, has reinvigorated the general public’s determination to support Ethiopia’s rightful claim over the Blue Nile in general and the unstoppability of the GERD project: ‘it is my Dam!’ The force of change is well supported by the international legal instruments as well. Ethiopia is not bound by outdated and irrelevant colonial treaties. Ethiopia is a sovereign state that has the right to put its natural resources to appropriate use. The only limitation under customary international law is the obligation not to cause significant trans-boundary harm—codified in Art. 2 of the Rio Declaration and upheld by international tribunals and courts here and here. Ethiopia, indeed, has firmly adhered to this principle throughout the negotiations. Reconciling the irreconcilable The forces of continuity and change are not mutually exclusive. They can be reconciled if the parties negotiate on the basis of their own interests, rather than mythological positions, when heading to the negotiation table. Egypt must recognise that that Ethiopia provides the lion’s share of the water that reaches Egypt, that it is using a tiny percent of its own water, and that the circumstances have fundamentally changed in the upper riparian states. Ethiopia must not deny the reliance of Egypt on the Nile River and pledge to carry out the GERD project in a manner that does not cause any significant harm downstream. This would allow real negotiations on interests and genuine cooperation would be likely. The problem has been that Egypt has not been negotiating on the basis of interest, but rather on pre-determined positions—a typical zero-sum game. Had Egypt accepted the basic facts, shown good faith, and been ready to give up its mythical claim of exclusive ownership of the Nile River, agreement on the technical matters, who gets what and when, could easily be reached. Egypt has no right to dictate to Ethiopia how to fill the GERD reservoir but it can negotiate an acceptable outcome, offering compensatory mechanisms or incentives where appropriate. Have these been proposed? It is impossible to provide guarantees against natural disasters like drought, but if parties cooperate in good faith, they can easily work on issues to mitigate any ensuring damage. These are questions that need to be answered, if negotiations are to proceed. The disruption in the tripartite technical discussions, and Egypt’s refusal to negotiate, have raised concerns about conflict, though no one can afford a devastating war in the 21st century, least of all when the world is being devastated by a global pandemic. As Thucydides stated, ‘‘it is the rise of Athens and the fear that it instilled in Sparta that made the war inevitable.’’ There is no legal or scientific basis for Egypt’s ‘perceived fear’ of potentially significant harm posed by the GERD. Its claim for exclusive use of the Nile River proves nothing but the fact that ‘‘there is a sufficiency in the world for man’s need but not for man’s greed.’’ Above all, the forces of change cannot be contained or ignored. Egypt must understand that its fears are unjustified, and if it is to continue negotiations in good faith, it must stop running after outside powers or playing with ideology. The Nile is a water resource located in Africa. The parties in dispute are members of the African Union. The solution should be African, not something dictated by the U.S. or arranged through the Arab League. The world has moved on and the solution must provide for sustainable use of the Nile water, in Egypt as in Ethiopia, a common and agreed response for a common problem.

Its so important to be on the same page with the person you are dating. Between the political divide, racial divide, and the Big Pharma divide the media and leadership in this country is pushing, couples are getting split in two left and right. If you can't find common ground, then find someone like minded so you can commiserate together about how fucked the world is right now. As for me, I'd rather stay single than date someone that blindly follows the media and does whatever the TV "programming" and the pharm-tarders prescribe. Not real excited about spike protein shedding either.

Peter Lanza, is the tax director for General Electric, a corporation that paid -$0- in Federal income taxes on $14.2 billion dollars in profits last year. Three of the employees from GE Capitol, the unit overseen by Lanza, were sentenced to time in prison on October 18th 2012 for Libor bid-rigging scheme. The men are the first to be sentenced as part of an ongoing investigation of bid-rigging in auctions. It just so happens that GE Capitol, Peter Lanza’s Unit, was the one involved in the bid-rigging schemes that used LIBOR rates to manipulate the municipal market. NEW YORK, Oct 18 (Reuters) – Three former bankers at a unit of General Electric Co were each sentenced on Thursday to several years in prison for conspiring to rig bids to invest municipal bond proceeds. The men were convicted in May as part of a broad investigation by the U.S. Justice Department of the $3.7 trillion U.S. municipal bond market. The probe has focused on rooting out schemes to fix prices and rig bids on bond transactions, and has ensnared some of the world’s largest banks. The government had accused the three GE Capital bankers of conspiring with brokers, between 1999 and 2006, to submit artificially low bids for municipal finance contracts. GE Capital is the financial services unit of Fairfield, Connecticut-based GE. Defendant Steven Goldberg was handed a four-year prison term, while Peter Grimm and Dominick Carollo were each sentenced to three years. The sentences were significantly lower than what the government had requested. Prosecutors had proposed up to 17-1/2 years for Goldberg, and more than a decade for the two others. The three defendants addressed the crowded courtroom in turn, each breaking into tears when asking the judge for leniency. Lawyers for the three men indicated in court on Thursday that they would likely appeal the convictions. Three former UBS AG executives were convicted on similar charges in August. A total of 19 people have been convicted or have pleaded guilty to charges stemming from the bid-rigging investigation, the government said in August. In July, former JPMorgan Chase & Co banker Alexander Wright pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy to commit wire fraud for manipulating the bidding process for a June 2002 contract. Wright and former UBS employee Mark Zaino testified for the government at the trial of the former UBS executives. Zaino pleaded guilty in 2010 to bid-rigging charges. The case is U.S. v. Dominick Carollo et al, U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, No. 10-cr-654.

Chagall: Love, War and Exile Groundbreaking and courageous. The current exhibition at the Jewish Museum has tackled what is easily the most vexing subject in the career of the most beloved of Jewish artists; Marc Chagall (1887-1985). Namely: his persistent, indeed obsessive, use of the crucifixion as a symbol of Jewish suffering and persecution. The exhibition, Chagall: Love, War and Exile, under the expert direction of Senior Curator Emerita Susan Tumarkin Goodman, has traced Chagall’s lifelong fascination with the emblem of Christianity, especially in his work created during the Holocaust. The voice of the artist rings loud and clear as he links his controversial images to specific events: Berlin anti-Semitic riots (1930), Hitler’s takeover (1933), deportation of Polish Jews (October, 1938), Kristallnacht (November 1938), massacre of the Vitebsk Jews (1941), among many other Holocaust horrors. Seen here, his work using the crucifixion dates from the early masterpiece, Calvary (1912, Museum of Modern Art), to late in his career, In Front of the Picture (1971, Fondation Maeght, Saint-Paul de Vence, France). Questions immediately arise: why did Chagall use this potentially painful symbol of the Jews persecutors to symbolize Jewish suffering itself? And more broadly; how successful can appropriation of non-Jewish symbols be used to address specifically Jewish issues? The fact that the Jewish Museum’s curator Susan Tumarkin Goodman presents these issues as the inescapable core of her exhibition demonstrates the courage to challenge her audience with deeply discomforting images and concepts. As far as I am aware this aspect of his work has never been this extensively examined in a major exhibition. (see my article Chagall and the Cross). Marc Chagall, educated in Vitebsk’s traditional cheder and well familiar with his family’s Lubavitch beliefs, quickly absorbed the surrounding Russian secular culture, first studying art in St. Petersburg and then blossoming in Paris from 1911 as an archetypal but total unique Modernist artist. What emerged from this volatile cultural mix was an artist who could easily pursue multiple agendas simultaneously. Russian Jewish shtetl life, Eastern European Christian culture as well as transgressive modernist artistic freedom all came to be his artistic birthright. Significantly, this is exactly what gave him license to appropriate the Christian crucifixion to serve Jewish expression in over one hundred paintings and drawings over his lifetime. “My Christ, as I depict him, is always the type of the Jewish martyr, in pogroms and in our other troubles, and not otherwise” (quoted 1977). Surely this is a highly idiosyncratic and ahistorical approach to an image found in every single Church and Christian dwelling, popularly used to illustrate the responsibility of the Jewish people as a whole for the death of Jesus; the crime of deicide. This wanton use of a public symbol for private meanings is frequently a creative disaster, creating a confusion of meanings to a bewildered audience. And while Chagall is not totally immune from these pitfalls, a review of his repeated use of the crucifixion actually yields a more coherent program. By imbuing the image of the crucified with unmistakably Jewish characteristics such as a tallis, tefillin, beard and “Jewish features,” building upon the core fact that Jesus was in fact a Jew, inevitably surrounded by menorahs, rabbis clutching Torahs and the burning shtetl, he goes a long way towards transforming the Christian icon into a Jewish theme. As the exhibition demonstrates, Chagall has multiple uses for the crucifixion: a personal reflection of himself as the suffering artist, the universal redeemer for Jew and Christian alike, the ultimate symbol of the suffering of the Jewish people under Nazi tyranny, as well as an expression of transgressive modernist freedom. In a very significant manner Marc Chagall is demanding that, if the Modernist revolution indeed freed creativity from the constraints of religious tyranny, academic conformity and soulless art, then a simple Jew from Vitebsk can freely appropriate the consummate Christian symbol for his Jewish ends. The exhibition unfolds in three clearly defined sections: 1) Chagall’s social, artistic and political roots in the 1920s and early 1930s; 2) Chagall’s war years expressed with the crucifixion and 3) Chagall’s personal tragedy and recovery in exile. In the first section we see his early concern with Jewish life, each group of paintings wonderfully grouped under selective wall texts quoting his poetry that runs throughout the exhibition. Old Man with Beard (1931) competes with Interior of a Synagogue in Safed (1931) and Study for the Revolution (1937) to show the scope of his interests. In the middle core section 25 paintings utilize the crucifixion as a major element. The archetypical Calvary (1912) establishes Chagall’s earliest and most hallucinogenic use of the subject to express his artistic and familial trials. Chagall has commented that the figures at the bottom of the cross represent his mother and father. All throughout the 1940’s Chagall’s paintings and drawings search for a balance between the terrifying news reaching him of Jewish suffering and his own increasingly precarious existence in Paris and subsequent exile to New York in June 1941. Fire in the Snow (1942) employs Chagall’s frequently used motif of a fleeing mother and child, here cloaked in green shadows, to fully bring home the horror of losing home, family and community. The Crucified (1944), in response to the battle for Vitebsk, Chagall’s birthplace, brutally confronts the murder of the entire Jewish populace in 1941. Are we convinced after seeing Chagall’s works that the use of the crucifixion does somehow add to our understanding of the holocaust? For this reviewer, only rarely. White Crucifixion (1938, Art Institute of Chicago, sadly not available for this exhibition), The Crucified (1944) and Christ in the Night (1948) have a calm horror that convinces in a totally unique manner. It is important to remember that when these works were created, Chagall (among many other artists) is actively inventing an aesthetic to talk about the most horrible crime humanity has ever seen. Their search for image and metaphor, let alone comprehensible meaning, continues to be daunting to all who consider this aspect of Jewish experience. The third section of the exhibition explores Chagall in exile. While the war continued to haunt him, the sudden death of his beloved wife Bella in 1944 plunged him into grief only to be finally relieved by a new relationship and marriage in 1946. These 13 works reflect an artist in recovery from both catastrophic national tragedy and personal loss. The Wedding Candles (1945) is haunting in its poetic vision of a romantic past Chagall never had. The brilliance of this exhibition lies in presenting us with a Jewish artist who is unflinching in his determination to engage the world in all its beauty and horrors using a visual language uniquely Jewish. As the excellent catalogue essays by Susan Tumarkin Goodman and Kenneth E. Silver explicate, Chagall’s use of the “Jewish crucifixion” arose within ample precedent going back to the 19th century as well as other contemporary artists grappling with the Holocaust and persecution. It is deeply significant that this view of Marc Chagall teaches us that one essential quality of great art is a relentless engagement in the unredeemed world we live in. From: “For the Slaughtered Artists: 1950” And as I stand – from my paintings The painted David descends to me, Harp in hand. He wants to help me Weep and recite chapters of Psalms. After him, our Moses descends. He says: Don’t fear anyone. He tells you to lie quietly Until he again engraves New tablets for a new world. Chagall: Love, War and Exile 1109 Fifth Avenue & 92nd Street; New York, N.Y. 10128; (212) 423 3200 Saturday – Tuesday, 11am – 5:45pm; Thursday, 11am to 8pm; Friday, 11am to 4 pm. $12 adults; $10.00 seniors, $7.50 students, under 18 free; Pay What You Wish, Thurs. 5 – 8pm, Free Saturday. Until February 2, 2014

Luna 22Luna 22 was an unmanned space mission of the Luna program , also called Lunik 22. Luna 22 was a lunar orbiter mission. The spacecraft carried imaging cameras and also had the objectives of studying the Moon's magnetic field , surface gamma ray emissions and composition of lunar surface rocks, and the gravitational field , as well as micrometeorites and cosmic rays . Luna 22 was launched into Earth parking orbit and then to the moon. It was inserted into a circular lunar orbit on 2 June 1974. The spacecraft made many orbit adjustments over its 18 month lifetime in order to optimize the operation of various experiments, lowering the perilune to as little as 25 km. Maneuvering fuel was exhausted on 2 September and the mission was ended in early November. - Launch Date/Time: 1974-05-29 at 08:57:00 UTC - On-orbit dry mass: 4000 kg

Gets or sets how to copy collapsed field values to the clipboard. This is a dependency property. A CopyCollapsedValuesMode enumeration value that specifies how to copy collapsed field values to the clipboard. PivotGridControl allows end-users to copy contents of the selected cells to the clipboard by pressing CTRL+C or CTRL+INS. You can optionally copy field values as well by setting the PivotGridControl.CopyToClipboardWithFieldValues property to true. The ClipboardCopyCollapsedValuesMode property allows you to specify how to copy collapsed field values. They can be replaced with duplicates of their parent values or empty cells. You can also disable copying collapsed field values to the clipboard. For instance, consider the following pivot grid. The ClipboardCopyCollapsedValuesMode property allows you to select one of the following modes. Collapsed field values are not copied, but space is reserved for them. The ClipboardCopyCollapsedValuesMode property is not in effect if copying field values to the clipboard is disabled via the PivotGridControl.CopyToClipboardWithFieldValues property.

Washington, D.C., April 1, 2002, 2002 — The U.S. Mint today announced that the limited edition of 75,000 Ohio Official First Day Coin Covers will be available online at www.USMINT.gov beginning 12:00 noon Eastern Time on April 1, 2002. The Ohio Official First Day Coin Cover features two Ohio quarters from the first day of mintage — February 25, 2002. Priced at $19.95, the Ohio Official First Day Coin Cover includes quarters from both the Philadelphia and Denver Mint facilities on a handsome display card with the 34–cent United We Stand postage stamp. The postmark of “March 11, 2002, Wrights Brothers Station, Dayton, Ohio 45409” marks the day Ohio quarters were released to the Federal Reserve Bank and the public. The Ohio quarter is the 17th in the 50 State Quarters Program that honors each of the states in the order they entered the union. Five state designs will be issued each year through 2008 at approximately 10–week intervals. Customers can purchase the Ohio Official First Day Coin Covers three ways: First, they can use the Mint’s secure web site www.USMINT.gov; second, they can call 1–800–USA–MINT; third, mail orders may be sent to U.S. Mint, P.O. Box 382601, Pittsburgh, PA 15250–8601 (Attention: Order Processing). As an added convenience, customers may order future Official First Day Coin Covers online through the United States Mint’s subscription program. A shipping and handling fee of $3.95 per order will be added to all orders for these products. Hearing and speech impaired customers may order by calling (888) 321–MINT (TTY). Please allow approximately 3 to 4 weeks for delivery.

All Time Low Sell Out Wembley Arena and Hint More News to Follow? All Time Low have announced they've officially sold out London's historic Wembley Arena next year. The band confirmed the news earlier today (August 20th) via Twitter as well as hinting at additional news yet to come, which we're expecting will follow in the next week or so. All Time Low will headline Wembley Arena on March 20th, 2015.

Image copyright: Please sign in to comment. Don't have a profile? Join now! Joining is absolutely free and no personal information is required. Thanks for the information. I enjoyed the read at the site. I only just returned to this bookmarked puzzle. Love the Fabrics. Thanks for the link. The history is really interesting. Joan2, try this for some feedsack history Did they make feed sacks out of this patterned fabric, is the fabric the same as was/is used for feed sacks, or why is it called feed sack fabric? Really nice one!

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Leaders from all 27 European Union nations have finally thrashed out a deal to solve the crisis started by concern over how Greece would cope with its debts. Perhaps most significant was eurozone leaders’ announcement that there will be tougher controls in future on the budgets of member countries. Greece, the Irish Republic and Portugal have all required bailouts and this last week of talks was prompted by fears the crisis would spread to the larger economies of Spain and Italy. Late on Thursday morning, the EU leaders meeting in Brussels agreed to expand the eurozone’s main bailout fund to 1tn euros ($1.4tn; £880bn). Banks also accepted a loss of 50% on Greek debt, and they must raise more capital to protect themselves against losses resulting from any future defaults.

CLEVELAND -- Cleveland police say a domestic dispute turned deadly when a father allegedly shot and killed his own son. It happened early Tuesday morning at Lakeview Terrace apartments near West 28th Street and Division Avenue. Police say the mother and father were arguing. When the father was leaving the home, he turned and fired in the direction of the porch, where the child was standing. Frantic family members called for help, but it was too late. EARLIER STORY: 2-year-old fatally shot during domestic dispute Two-year-old Derrice Alexander Jr. didn't survive. "It's got to stop in, Jesus name. All we can do is walk by faith and pray for one another. The community needs to get together," said neighbor Diane Howard. Howard lives near the scene. She heard the shots and saw the mother holding little Derrice in her arms. Police say the father, Derrice Alexander, threw the weapon into a dumpster, got into a car and fled to a relative's home a few blocks away, where police arrested him. "Anytime you have intimate relationships and a weapon is involved, things can go horribly wrong, which they did today," said Deputy Chief Ed Tomba with Cleveland police. Police say Alexander is a convicted felon who was not allowed by law to have a gun. "We are still in the process of tracking that weapon. It doesn't appear to be stolen," said Cleveland Police Chief Calvin Williams. But family members say it was all an accident. They say Alexander didn't aim at the child and that he was a good father. He has not been charged yet, but police say he is cooperating with the investigation. Howard just wants the shootings in this neighborhood to stop. "This violence, these guns, something has to be done. But it can't take just one person in the community, it takes the whole community," she said. Police say the couple has a history of domestic violence. Join the Conversation To find out more about Facebook commenting please read the Conversation Guidelines and FAQs

Reputed makeup artist Kjaer Weis created these eyeshadows with natural ingredients in neutral colors with the aim of enhancing the natural beauty of any woman who wears them, regardless of age or skin tone. A practical replacement refill for your Cor Kjaer Weis Eye Shadow. Just take off your old eyeshadow when you're done and replace it with this recharge. This item is refill only and does not come with a compact. Use this refill with the Kjaer Weis metal compact or with the Red Edition recycled cardboard packaging Kjaer Weis or with the Kjaer Weis Collector's Case.

I have successfully completed initial setup (wheezy) using a usb keyboard (borrowed from work) and (separate) mouse. I've even got wifi working with a usb dongle - of course this means I have to switch between mouse and keyboard when connected to internet, which is cumbersome to say the least! I'm keen not to spend any money on extra peripherals - I have at home a bluetooth keyboard and bluetooth mouse (Motorola branded - I use them with my xoom) and a recently purchased Cambridge Silicon bluetooth dongle. My ideal setup would be the pi's two usb slots occupied by wifi and bluetooth dongles, connected to internet and keyboard+mouse respectively. Unfortunately I cannot seem to install the bluez utilities - every time I run sudo apt-install bluetooth bluez-utils blueman I get a huge list of 'failed to fetch blah blah blah' messages and am no closer to being able to scan for bluetooth devices, let alone use them. Any ideas or suggestions? Also, even if I were to successfully connect my bluetooth devices, I worry that they wouldn't connect automatically on start-up, which would mean I'd have to have a separate usb keyboard anyway - is this correct, or does anyone have a set-up that automatically connects to a bluetooth keyboard (and not one which simply comes with its own dedicated dongle)? Or am I going to have to bite the bullet and invest in a new wireless keyboard with trackpad (in the process doubling the cost of my "£25" computer)? Connecting a bluetooth keyboard - - Posts: 1 - Joined: Sat Dec 15, 2012 12:27 pm I often have to remove apt lists (/var/apt/lists iirc) and cache (/var/apt/cache iirc) to get clean installations. Also, the date has to be valid. Look around for apt problems on the net and you will find lots of info. It's all Voodoo. OT/rant: I doubt a regular user not used to daily work on system internals can maintain a *nix system over a long time. It's all Voodoo. OT/rant: I doubt a regular user not used to daily work on system internals can maintain a *nix system over a long time. Rocket Scientist. - - Posts: 486 - Joined: Wed May 16, 2012 5:16 am - Location: Germany / EL Did you type "sudo apt-install" or "sudo apt-get install" and then the rest of the Bluetooth info? Try the sudo apt-get install and see what happens- I just did that and mine's running smoothly (so far). MoonPi over Chattanooga... - - Posts: 6 - Joined: Sat Jan 05, 2013 8:32 pm And, of course, make sure you do sudo apt-get update to ensure your libraries are fully up to date before installing anything with apt-get. - - Posts: 452 - Joined: Fri Sep 21, 2012 9:04 pm - Location: UK Not tested by me, but this looks thorough... And I think it says the setup should persist over a reboot. How To Ask Questions The Smart Way: How to Report Bugs Effectively: How to Report Bugs Effectively: In Raspbian to fully update, the last updates I receieved were today, is at the command prompt type: sudo su apt-get update apt-get dist-upgrade sync reboot sudo su apt-get update apt-get dist-upgrade sync reboot I know everything about nothing" - - Posts: 982 - Joined: Fri Sep 14, 2012 9:13 am

Translate the following sentence to French: During its 2001 session, the Meeting discussed emerging trends, challenges and themes that required interventions from the entities of the United Nations system in the follow-up to the twenty-third special session of the Assembly. Lors de sa session de 2001, le Comité a évoqué les nouveaux défis, thèmes et tendances qui nécessitaient une aide des organismes du systèmes des Nations Unies dans le cadre du suivi de la vingt-troisième session extraordinaire de l'Assemblée générale.

input: Please answer the following: Extract the answer to the question from the following context. Question: The consequence of expansion has what chance? Context: The Silk Road transmission of Buddhism to China is most commonly thought to have started in the late 2nd or the 1st century CE, though the literary sources are all open to question.[note 41] The first documented translation efforts by foreign Buddhist monks in China were in the 2nd century CE, probably as a consequence of the expansion of the Kushan Empire into the Chinese territory of the Tarim Basin. ++++++++++ output: probably input: Please answer the following: Extract the answer to the question from the following context. Question: Who, between Bill Clinton and Kerry, sponsored the resolution in 94? Context: Kerry chaired the Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs from 1991 to 1993. The committee's report, which Kerry endorsed, stated there was "no compelling evidence that proves that any American remains alive in captivity in Southeast Asia." In 1994 the Senate passed a resolution, sponsored by Kerry and fellow Vietnam veteran John McCain, that called for an end to the existing trade embargo against Vietnam; it was intended to pave the way for normalization. In 1995, President Bill Clinton normalized diplomatic relations with the country of Vietnam. ++++++++++ output: Kerry input: Please answer the following: Extract the answer to the question from the following context. Question: Who is the third composer listed that composed the Gregorian chant music Context: The Roman Missal and the Roman Rite Liturgy of the Hours naturally includes references to Mary's immaculate conception in the feast of the Immaculate Conception. An example is the antiphon that begins: "Tota pulchra es, Maria, et macula originalis non est in te" (You are all beautiful, Mary, and the original stain [of sin] is not in you. Your clothing is white as snow, and your face is like the sun. You are all beautiful, Mary, and the original stain [of sin] is not in you. You are the glory of Jerusalem, you are the joy of Israel, you give honour to our people. You are all beautiful, Mary.) On the basis of the original Gregorian chant music, polyphonic settings have been composed by Anton Bruckner, Pablo Casals, Maurice Duruflé, Grzegorz Gerwazy Gorczycki, no:Ola Gjeilo, José Maurício Nunes Garcia, and Nikolaus Schapfl, ++++++++++ output: Maurice Duruflé input: Please answer the following: Extract the answer to the question from the following context. Question: How did the music change Context: The Renaissance era was from 1400 to 1600. It was characterized by greater use of instrumentation, multiple interweaving melodic lines, and the use of the first bass instruments. Social dancing became more widespread, so musical forms appropriate to accompanying dance began to standardize. ++++++++++ output: standardize

The Reading Process For those who couldn’t make it to Information Night, today we are posting what we affectionately call “the reader speech” given at it. Developed by our head teacher Mrs. Petrocelli, it is now loved and used by all the staff. It perfectly encapsulates the process of reading in the Montessori method, and clearly explains the exact steps in that process here at TRMS. We encourage all parents to read this post, as it answers so many of the questions that come up throughout every year. You can refer back to it as your child progresses through the steps. 1. You have chosen the Montessori method. You must trust the process. a. First, children learn each isolated phonetic sound in the alphabet. b. Then three letter phonetic word building is introduced, in family word groups (mat, sat, cat etc.) c. Sight words (words not spelled as they sound, the, he, etc.) are then introduced. d. When the first set of sight words is memorized, and the child is fluently sounding out three letter phonetic words, as well as building them with the Moveable Alphabet, the first reader is introduced. 2. Readers are in sequential order for a reason: a. Each individual reader introduces a certain sound, a sight word, a long vowel, a blend, a phonogram etc. b. Each reader has a corresponding comprehension worksheet, and other materials that complement and reinforce what is being read and learned. If this is rushed, and the learning at each stage not thoroughly completed, there will be “holes” in the child’s reading and road blocks in their understanding will occur as the readers become more challenging. 3. It is not about: a. Getting the next reader quickly b. “When is my child getting the first reader?” c. “What reader is this or that other child on?” d. Whether they are JK or SK. 4. Here’s what it is about Comprehension. Your child has completed an individual book, but can they read those words outside of that reader? If you pointed to those words in another book, could they read them? If you pointed out those words on a sign, on packaging at the grocery store, or in a reading app? That is the true test, and that is why we say let us follow the child, and let the child complete all the corresponding work before getting the next reader. It is far better to have a strong reader on Set 3 than a weak reader on Set 5, and we see this all the time when parents insist on pushing for the next reader either through the child, by calling the office, or sending a note in the reader bag asking for the next reader and etc. 5. If you insist on not trusting us, or the process, then we will NOT challenge you. You can have the next reader, because we are confident you will see the consequences. Unfortunately, so will your child. We see it all the time when children are pushed. For example(s): a. When completing the comprehension worksheets, the child will come and ask us “What does this say?” (even though the question they’re asking about contains an exact sentence from the reader) or “I don’t know the answer” even though they’ve “read” the reader several times. b. Spelling tests. They can not spell the sight words, because they should have seen them consistently throughout the readers at their own pace. c. They can’t complete their work during lesson period with the Moveable Alphabet, because they can not spell the words from the reader they currently have. Reading is about so much more than “the next reader”. COMPREHENSION IS KEY! Is your child truly understanding the story? The who, what, where, when, why and how’s of the stories will be asked orally and in written exercises in class time. You might be surprised how many times a child has had a book for many days, yet can’t answer basic questions like “Who threw the ball?” “What did Jenny eat?” etc. This happens most often when they’ve been pushed through the reader series beyond their own pace and abilities. This is such an important point to mention, because children need reading comprehension skills in ALL academic areas. Developing and reinforcing this skill is crucial to their ability to learn. Math word problems, Geography, History, Creative Writing, research projects and so on, both now and increasingly in their later years of schooling, require this skill to achieve any understanding or progress. 6. We make sure the child is not just memorizing the words using a variety of methods and materials in the class. For example(s): a. We turn to ANY page and ask them to read, or start in the middle of any sentence in the book. If the child truly knows how to read, they don’t say “but I have to start at page one” or struggle to read the page. b. We cover the picture on the page, so the child can not use the pictures for cues. c. We write the words on flashcards, and place them throughout the room. When the child finds a card, they come and read it back to us. *We suggest parents use these tips at home as well, especially with sight words, long vowels, and phonograms. 8. Journals are introduced in Set 5 if the child is ready, in terms of both reading and writing, and feels confident and prepared. 9. You can supplement your child’s reading at home through similar level books. Go to the library, or ask teachers for suggestions. There will also be a blog post next month with basic suggestions for books that correspond with the level of each set of school readers. 10. We have clear classrooms rules about respecting each other, and everyone works at their own pace. In class, students are not permitted to ask others which reader they’re on. We read quietly with each child and change readers discretely to avoid comparisons often created by parents. If we, parents and teachers, make a “big deal” about readers (getting the next one immediately, which set the child is on, etc.) the child will feel pressured, and very often become upset, frustrated, and discouraged if they feel they have disappointed us. - They will start to notice which reader their friends are on. - They will ask outright for the next reader, or say “My mommy said to give me the next reader…” - They become nervous to read to the teacher, in case they do not get the next book. Children sense your approval, disappointment and expectations acutely, though they may not be able to articulate it. Few things kill their interest in, or love of, an activity faster or more completely than sensing from this early stage that they are not meeting adult expectations, not fast enough, or just simply not “good” enough at it. We this is informative and useful to you, as your child progresses through the steps.

Tatsächlich sind wir nämlich in einer Art unbeheizten, offenen Flugzeug, umgeben vom Gegenteil des ewigen, einladenden sizilianischen Sommers. Ich frage mich schon seit geraumer Zeit: was machen wir hier eigentlich, mitten im Eis? Translate to English I am here with Tom, who is beginning his volcanological career, David, a perfectly equipped Welsh cameraman specialized in TV documentaries, Thorsten, a german freelance photographer, and a french madame, who seems a french madame, but who in reality is an angel descended from the heaven to herald the good tale.

He is the last Parisian Supermodernist. He built floors as ramps and supermarkets that look like cliffs. He was celebrated for his domestic landscapes and hated for his nuclear power plants. It’s time to rediscover CLAUDE PARENT. For every great theory there is a story, a myth of how the theory came about. In the case of French supermordernist architect Claude Parent, this story takes place on a beach in France, a dune landscape that engulfs the remains of the Atlantic Wall. From 1942 to 1944 the German army built around 8,200 bunkers over a 2,685 kilometer stretch of coast to impede an allied landing. Many of these bunkers slipped down the dunes after severe winter storms; toppled and askew, they’re stuck there, as if dropped into the sand from great heights. Parent, who drove a Jeep at that time, started to investigate these bunkers that were half-buried in the soft sand. “Inside, you tumbled through a strange room; the floor was so sloped that you couldn’t tell whether what you were standing on was a slanted floor or a former wall.” The concepts of “wall,” “floor,” “up” and “down” didn’t make any sense at all inside these ruins of a defense architecture. It was, Parent remembers, a sense of space that you couldn’t have anywhere else: a delirium, a dizziness that even the most turbulent Baroque churches couldn’t induce. At the time of that bunker visit, Parent was in his late thirties and already established as an architect. He had worked in Le Corbusier’s studio; together with fellow architect Ionel Schein he had brought American bungalow-style modernism to France in 1952 by building Maison G outside of Paris. He had designed a house for artist André Bloc out of artfully stacked boxes, as well as a few very American supermarkets and gas stations, and the “House of Iran” in the Cité Universitaire of Paris. He had invented a pneumatic racquet together with Yves Klein, and designed a car that looked like an oversized fly with wheels for legs. Claude Parent was one of the most successful architects of his generation but nevertheless rather unknown. Both things changed after he was haunted by the picture of a house with a sloping floor. Since the visit to the bunker, the sensation of standing on an incline never let go of Parent. He began to deliberately bring things out of balance. He built a villa near Versailles for the industrialist Gaston Drusch that looked as if a Bauhaus cube, quite similar to the Atlantic bunker, had settled into the ground at a 45 degree angle – but stuff like that wasn’t extreme enough for him anymore. That’s why he did something that made him a favorite of Parisian intellectuals while abruptly ending his until then commercially successful career: he decided to build only sloped floors.With Virilio he wrote pamphlets like “Vivre à l’Oblique” (living on the slope). And even today the 87-year-old speaks with undiminished enthusiasm about how this life on the slope could stimulate social relationships and steer them in new directions. Commercially, Parent’s new living world was no success. Those who loved his “oblique” architecture the most – children – couldn’t afford it. In 1970, he installed an artificial landscape made of slopes in the French pavilion at the Venice Biennale. He renovated his house. All furniture was eliminated and instead, ramps and sloped surfaces were built in. A photograph from that time shows Parent with family and guests: like a guru of unfurnished existence, he sits on one of these slopes while the others squat, lounge and recline around him as if they were the deconstructed return of the school of athens. it’s hard to tell what is a wall and what is a ceiling, to distinguish what is up from what is down. Through this dissolution of categories and order systems, Parent wanted to discover a new freedom. The house became a landscape again; you sat and rolled around like a herd of gorillas on the incline – a strong sociodynamic signifier in a time when sitting next to each other or lounging carelessly in public was still considered morally questionable. Drawings for nuclear power pant cooling towers, 1975. Parent believed in everything that was fast, so he also designed nuclear power plants. Jean Nouvel, Parent’s most famous student, describes how his teacher and Virilio drove through Paris in a khaki-colored jeep emblazoned with their “architecture principe” in white letters – two allies of a new architecture that wanted to liberate Europe from the boredom of rigidly geometric domestic designs. Yet the first icon of the “oblique” was a church. It opened in 1966 in Nevers. From the outside, it looked like a bunker and the floors were as sloping and slanted as the concrete ruins on the atlantic. It was, you could say, a philosophical commentary on the fundamental crisis of living and domesticity. Bunkers, the most extreme form of protective shelter, had – as Virilio later wrote – proved to be militarily useless. They were nostalgic images, aesthetic promises of protection that, in the face of modern weaponry, couldn’t provide protection anymore. What was the value of a house, if the walls could no longer offer protection in case of emergency? What did “dwelling” and “domesticity” mean after the experiences of war? These were questions, which after 1945 were discussed with the utmost seriousness by architects and philosophers like Martin Heidegger, in his essay “Bauen Wohnen Denken” (Build Live Think). Parent answered them with a euphoric philosophy of acceleration: if we’re already spinning, why not enjoy the tumble, put it to use, and celebrate it as liberation. The church that Parent built in the form of a bunker was the ruin of an old idea of dwelling; by adding slopes to this notion Parent converted the structure into a paradoxical thing between a cave and a hill, in which you couldn’t find any peace, but instead were exposed to an exciting feeling of dizziness. Wherever Parent appeared as an activist of the new life, all signs pointed to turbulence, speed and a more dynamic condition; you couldn’t peg him as a strict critic of capitalism – he loved his Lamborghinis and Bentleys way too much for that. And even though he was the darling of leftist theory, thanks to his ideas of the “oblique” and their critical societal implications, in reality, as one of the last convinced Futurists he stood closer to the Gaullists and their progress-obsessed president Georges Pompidou, than he did to progress- and consumption-critical leftists. Parent embodies, like no other living artist, the full-throttle modernism which in France spawned the Centre Pompidou, the Concorde and scores of other grand and rapid machines, all of which Parent loved dearly (“You probably liked the highspeed train TGV?” we asked. “Yes, quite magnificent!” – “and the futuristic Citroën DS?” “No, that one not so much, it was way too slow!”). In light of this penchant for all that is grand, supersonic and global, it is not surprising that parent didn’t hesitate when he was asked to design the (up till that point) biggest supermarket for the chain Gouletturpin. “They were the first who wanted architecture for their shopping centers. Other chains believed that their halls should look extremely heap, so that people would think, that box looks really cheap, the products must also be really cheap there, I’ll go there.” Parent tried something else. He turned the Hypermarché into a megasculpture, a synthetic massif of concrete cliffs and tilting masses. Thus, the aesthetic of the sublime reemerged at the centers of pop and consumer culture. Many who had celebrated the theory of the “oblique” as a liberating religion more than resented Parent for placing a great monument to shopping lust right in front of their consumption-averse noses. Parent was now a contradictory, frustratingly complicated case. The solution to his apparent contradictions between societal critique and system affirmation could be found in Parent’s passionate Futurism. He was and remains Monsieur Full Throttle. In order to further his Futurist expansionism, supermarkets were as good as living on launch ramps, and as good as the project which ultimately ruined his reputation among architects and social critics: the nuclear power plants he built in France. It should be added that Parent recounts all this in the gentlest, most endearing manner. As a person, he is so disarmingly nice and quietly intelligent, it’s hard to believe how high he could get on the technical wonders of the twentieth century. Parent would not be forgiven for choosing to erect not only giant consumption bunkers but also the nuclear power plants at Cattenom and Chooz. He was criticized harshly and largely forgotten by the international discourse. Between 1990 and 2000 he got by working on smaller projects, building shrill, strained, deconstructivist schools and learning centers, but his name hardly ever surfaced anymore. Only now a new generation of architects is discovering his theory of the “oblique”. A retrospective in Paris was recently devoted to him, and the new social landscapes being built by architects like Sou Fujimoto with his climbing-wall style houses, or SANAA with their undulating university campus in Lausanne [see 032c #19], aren’t imaginable without Parent’s theory of the oblique. The more intensely the question of how spaces and houses could look in the future is debated, the more recognized the significance of Parent’s spatial philosophy will become. It’s only in France that Parent still faces resistance. When people wanted to buy the architect’s house in Neuilly, they insisted on removing all the ramps. A villa with sloping floors, Parent learned, was completely unmarketable there.

Bronze Hariharan, Half Shiva-Vishnu Murti 24" Purchase Bronze Hariharan, Half Shiva-Vishnu Murti 24" Hariharan is the combination of Shiva, "Hari" with Vishnu, "Haran". This unique statue is much like the Ardhanari statute where Shiva shares his body with Parvati. In this statue Shiva and Vishnu share the same bodies. Shiva is on the right side of the sculpture. He holds an ax in his upper right hand while the other hand he is holding a small skull with a cobra coming out of the eye socket. Shiva is wearing the skin of a tiger for leggings. Vishnu is on the left side. His large gada or mace is idle by his side. The gada is separate from the piece and can be removed. The gada represents the elemental force from which all physical and mental powers derive. He holds a conch shell up in his other hand. The conch represents "Om", the first sound of creation and also the beginning of matter, since sound and matter are consider to be synonymous. The honey color of the bronze will naturally turn darker over time giving the piece beautiful antique look. Tell a Friend about Bronze Hariharan, Half Shiva-Vishnu Murti 24"

Rudeness. I listen when people talk; I expect to be listened to. You don't have to have impeccable manners, but people who seem to be actively discourteous make me want to give them a big verbal set-down, perhaps followed by a swift kick in the shins. Bullies. If you really want me to tear you apart or browbeat you into silence, try belittling someone weaker than you, making jokes about groups of people who are historically disadvantaged, etc. Part of it is that I feel a definite urge to protect people who haven't enjoyed the kind of privileged life I have led, but the other (stronger?) part really is that if you're so insecure and your ideas are so shaky that you have to "challenge" someone who can't adequately respond to you, then you're sending a big signal to me that you need to be culled from the conversational herd. Liars and people who don't differentiate between opinion and fact. This makes political campaign seasons particularly painful, I'll admit it. People who spread inaccuracies or deliberately manipulate facts or use semantics and straw man arguments to dismiss legitimate arguments make me absolutely nuts. What's particularly painful is that there is so little recourse when talking to someone who insists upon believing stuff that flat-out isn't true, because they are so locked into maintaining their own perspective that they are almost blind to anything that doesn't fit that narrow POV. (This is why everyone who knows me sighs when I bring up the necessity of teaching critical thinking as a fundamental skill, as important as math or reading; it's a definite hot topic I return to.)

The earth has music for those who listen. George Santayana The Geographical Position of Great Britain The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland covers an area of some 244 thousand square miles. It is situated on the British Isles. At the end of the 1980s Britain became much more conscious of the fact of degradation of the environment. Two incidents in 1988 triggered a major shift in attitude to this question. One was the death of hundreds of seals in the North Sea as a result of a pollution-related virus. The other was a scandal concerning the intended dumping of a shipment of toxic waste in Britain. Suddenly the public was aware that Britain was rapidly turning into a wasteland. All political parties suddenly began talking about the environment. Total emissions of smoke in the air have fallen by 85 per cent since Most petrol stations in Britain stock unleaded petrol. The Government is committed to the control of gases emission, which damage the ozone layer. They also contribute to the greenhouse effect, which leads to global warming and a rise in sea levels. Britain stresses the need for studying the science of climate change. Green belts are areas where land should be left open and free from urban sprawl. The Government attaches great importance to their protection. National parks cover 9 per cent of the total land area of England and Wales. The National Rivers Authority protects island waters in England and Wales. In Scotland the River purification authorities are responsible for water pollution control. Great Britain takes care of it's environment for themselves and next generations. Environmental protection is an international issue of great importance and Great Britain pays much attention to it. There are nearly protected buildings and 7000 conservation areas of architecture of historical interest in Britain. The Government supports the work of the voluntary sector in preserving the national heritage. The British are discovering that a cleaner environment costs a lot. We all know very well how to behave so as not to harm nature, and many are talking about its protection. But we must each start with himself, soul feel unity with nature.

Christmas is over, but that doesn’t mean that holiday plants have to go out with it. According to local experts, there are a few simple ways to keep holiday plants like poinsettias, Christmas cactus and amaryllis looking good all year long. “All three of these plants grow best in a brightly lit, (60-75 degree) area away from cold or dry drafts,” Lisa Rayburn, Extension Agent and Horticulturalist with the Onslow County Branch of the North Carolina Cooperative Extension stated in a press release. Douglas Tramper of The Flower Shoppe, located at 321 Western Blvd., said that drafts can dry out the plant. But that’s not the only thing that shortens their lifespan. “The main way people kill these plants is by over watering them,” he said. Gerri Brinson of the Onslow Nursery, located at 566 Rhodestown Road, said poinsettias and amaryllis should be watered about once a week only. “Now, for the Christmas cactus, don’t water it but once a month,” she said. Rayburn stated that plants should only be watered when the surface of the soil feels dry to the touch and the container feels light when lifted. “If these plants are kept too wet, the roots will rot,” she said. Brinson said that a well-kept poinsettia can last a year or two, and Tramper said he’s heard of a woman who’s had hers for three or four years. Rayburn stated that while poinsettias will keep more than a year, they rarely look as nice as they did the first year. “For most people, it makes sense to compost poinsettias when they start to look ragged and buy new ones next Christmas,” she stated. She also stated that Christmas cactuses and amaryllis tend to keep better, and improve, over time. “When your Christmas cactus finishes blooming, pinch a few segments off the end of each branch to encourage plants to stay full and lush,” Rayburn stated. The cactus needs to be fertilized twice a month, and once the last frost has passed, it can be moved outside to an area with partial sunlight. “Bring your cactus back indoors in October before the first threat of frost,” she stated. “Your cactus will begin to form buds as the day length shortens.” It should bloom again the next Christmas. Tramper said that you can actually stimulate the cactus to bloom more by giving it plant food that contains bloom boost. As far as the amaryllis, Rayburn stated that the plant grows well outdoors in the Onslow County area, but when planted outside, it will bloom in spring rather than in winter. Brinson said that when someone receives a plant in a basket, they should take it out of the basket and transfer it to a flower pot. “Before you put it in the pot, put some hay in the bottom, and put your plant overtop that,” she said. “The moisture will go into the straw and supply moisture to the roots.” With these few tips and tricks, holiday plants from 2012 may be around to brighten up the 2013 holiday. For more information on caring for holiday and other plants, call the Onslow County Center of the North Carolina Cooperative Extension at 910-455-5873. Contact Daily News Reporter Tabitha Clark at 910-219-8454 or Tabitha.Clark@jdnews.com. Follow her on Twitter at @TabithaLClark or friend her on Facebook.

The Amotekun’s arrest of underage schoolboys is unconstitutional and in this piece we explain how that came to be.

test: Но, несмотря на преимущества трехконтурного уплотнения, его применение было сопряжено с определенными трудностями: в глухих частях третье уплотнение в аналогичных системах необходимо срезать для того, чтобы стеклопакет «сидел» низко в раме. English? translation: But regardless all advantages of the three-circuit seal, its implementation has some difficulties: in blind parts the third circuit in analogical systems should be cut off for double-glass pane to “sit” low in the frame. Распятие In English? xxxxx Crucifixion How is "Educational game that teaches spelling and sharpens problem solving skills." said in Russian? Quote, proverb, saying, verse management software for Windows users. Q: Translate "London Borough of Merton" to Russian? A: Мертон input question: Write a sentence not in English. output answer: На концертах Центра искусств «Салмела» выступают известные финские исполнители. test: отмывания денег по какому бы то ни было действующему закону, включая, без ограничений, юрисдикцию Вашей страны и законы, которые применимы к нам; English? translation: any applicable law, including without limitation the laws in your jurisdiction and the laws that apply to us;

This site uses JavaScript to show critical information to the user and basic functionality. Please, enable it to see this site correctly. Get 1 red tickets by sharing! 73 reviews 38 reviews 11 reviews 0 reviews 7 reviews 10 reviews 3 reviews Nice game but you get bored after a while Access now and get 5 tickets as reward to join to weekly giveaways. Easy and for free! Get 10 red tickets! Nice game but you get bored after a while

&gt; Simpson’s paradox and impostor syndrome reflect the two uses of the law of large numbers. Simpson’s paradox uses it on the cohort data and calculates the failure rate across all individuals, while impostor syndrome uses it on the temporal data and calculates the failure rate for one individual in an ergodic sense. As a corollary: hypochondria is a result of the strong law of large numbers The MBTI is a result of algebraic topology because they both involve stacks of functions. A mid life crisis is just bias-variance trade-off because it’s about trading from young life to old life - in a temporal sense of course. Self help books are just Hilbert’s nullstellenstatz because of their presentation of radical ideals. Ergodic. Equating mathematical results with pop psychology is my new research focus.

Hemp (from Old English hænep, see cannabis (etymology)) is the common name for plants of the entire genus Cannabis, although the term is often used to refer only to Cannabis strains cultivated for industrial (non-drug) use. Industrial hemp has many uses, including paper, textiles, biodegradable plastics, health food, and fuel. It is one of the fastest growing biomasses known, and one of the earliest domesticated plants known. It also runs parallel with the "Green Future" objectives that are becoming increasingly popular. Hemp requires little to no pesticides, no herbicides, controls erosion of the topsoil, and produces oxygen. Furthermore, hemp can be used to replace many potentially harmful products, such as tree paper (the processing of which uses bleaches and other toxic chemicals, and contributes to deforestation), cosmetics, and plastics, most of which are petroleum-based and do not decompose easily. Licenses for hemp cultivation are issued in the European Union and Canada. In the United Kingdom, these licenses are issued by the Home Office under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971. When grown for non-drug purposes hemp is referred to as industrial hemp, and a common product is fiber for use in a wide variety of products, as well as the seed for nutritional aspects as well as for the oil. Feral hemp or ditch weed is usually a naturalized fiber or oilseed strain of Cannabis that has escaped from cultivation and is self-seeding. Cannabis sativa L. subsp. sativa var. sativa is the variety grown for industrial use in Europe, Canada, and elsewhere, while C. sativa subsp. indica generally has poor fiber quality and is primarily used for production of recreational and medicinal drugs. The major difference between the two types of plants is the appearance and the amount of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) secreted in a resinous mixture by epidermal hairs called glandular trichomes. Strains of Cannabis approved for industrial hemp production produce only minute amounts of this psychoactive drug, not enough for any physical or psychological effects. Typically, Hemp contains below 0.3% THC, while Cannabis grown for marijuana can contain anywhere from 6 or 7 % to 20% or even more. Industrial Hemp is produced in many countries around the world. Major producers include Canada, France, and China. The United States is the only industrialized nation to continue to ban industrial hemp. While the Hemp is imported to the United States more than to any other country, the United States Government does not distinguish between marijuana and non-psychoactive Cannabis used for industrial and commercial purposes. In Europe and China, hemp fibers are increasingly used to strengthen cement, and in other composite materials for many construction and manufacturing applications. Hempcrete is used as a construction material containing hemp hurds, especially in France. Mercedes-Benz uses a "biocomposite" composed principally of hemp fiber for the manufacture of interior panels in some of its automobiles. Within the UK, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) treats hemp as purely a non-food crop. Seed appears on the UK market as a legal food product although cultivation licenses are not available for this purpose. In North America, hemp seed food products are sold in small volumes, typically in health food stores or by mail order. |Oleic 18:1 (Omega-9)||4| |Linoleic 18:2 (Omega-6)||17| |Linolenic 18:3 (Omega-3)||5| |Linolenic 18:3 (Omega-6)||1| |Vitamin A (B-Carotene)||37 IU| |Thiamine (Vit B1)||1 mg| |Riboflavin (Vit B2)||1 mg| |Vitamin B6||0 mg| |Niacin (Vit B3)||1 mg| |Vitamin C||1.0 mg| |Vitamin D||10 IU| |Vitamin E||3 IU| 30–35% of the weight of hempseed is oil containing 80% essential fatty acids (EFAs), linoleic acid (LA, 50-70%), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 15–25%) and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA, 1–6%). The proportions of linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid in hempseed oil meet human requirements for EFAs. Unlike flax oil and others, hempseed oil can be used continuously without developing a deficiency or other imbalance of EFAs. Unfortunately the unsaturated fat makes the oil rancid quickly, unless it is stored in dark coloured bottles or mixed with chemical preservatives. This makes hemp oil difficult to transport or store. The high unsaturated fat content also makes the oil unsuitable for frying. This severely limits hemp oil's potential on the food market, although some marketing potential exists as a nutritional supplement. Hemp seed also contains 20% complete and highly-digestible protein, 1/3 as edestin protein and 2/3 as albumins. Its high quality amino acid composition is closer to "complete" sources of proteins (meat, milk, eggs) than all other oil seeds except quinoa and soy. Hemp seed oil has anti-inflammatory properties. The fiber is one of the most valuable parts of the hemp plant. It is commonly called bast, which refers to the fibers that grow on the outside of the woody interior of the plant's stalk, and under the outer most part (the bark). Bast fibers give the plants strength, which is especially true with the hemp plant. Hemp fibers can be 0.91 m (3 ft.) to 4.6 m (15 ft.) long, running the length of the plant. Depending on the processing used to remove the fiber from the stem, the hemp may naturally be creamy white, brown, gray, black or green. The use of hemp for fiber production has declined sharply over the last two centuries, but before the industrial revolution, hemp was a popular fiber because it is strong and grows quickly; it produces 250% more fiber than cotton and 600% more fiber than flax when grown on the same land. Hemp has been used to make paper. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by Jefferson on hemp paper. It was used to make canvas, and the word canvas derives from cannabis. Hemp was very popular as it had many uses. Manila replaced its use for rope. Burlap, made from jute, took over the sacking market. The paper industry began using wood pulp. The carpet industry switched over to wool, sisal, and jute, then nylon. Netting and webbing applications were taken over by cotton and synthetics. The world hemp paper pulp production was believed to be around 120,000 tons per year in 1991 which was about 0.05 % of the world's annual pulp production volume. In 1916, US Department of Agriculture chief scientists Lyster H. Dewe, and Jason L. Merrill created paper made from hemp pulp, which they concluded was "favorable in comparison with those used with pulp wood. Jack Herer later summarized the findings of the bulletin in his book "The Emperor Wears No Clothes. Herer wrote: New technology has allowed for more environmentally-friendly paper production from wood pulp. The recovery boiler was invented in the early 1930s. The first recovery boilers were commissioned to wood-pulp mills during the mid-1930s, ECF (Elemental Chlorine Free), or TCF (Total chlorine Free) bleaching, better fiber filters etc. has created less of a demand for alternative raw materials. Hemp is currently of little significance as raw material for paper; however, it is scarcely grown in the developed world. The long-term price for pulpwood has been low compared with any alternative except recycled paper. More about wood pulp technology in bleaching of wood pulp. The decision of the United States Congress to pass the 1937 Marijuana Tax Act was based in part on testimony derived from articles in newspapers owned by William Randolph Hearst, who, some authors stress, had significant financial interests in the forest industry, which manufactured his newsprint. But the Hearst chain was also U.S. biggest buyer of newsprint. It therefore seems that it would have been in Hearst’s interest to promote cheap hemp paper substitutes, had that been a viable alternative. The background material also included that from 1880 to 1933 the hemp grown in the United States had declined from 15,000 to , and that the price of line hemp had dropped from $12.50 per pound in 1914 to $9.00 per pound in 1933. In 1935, however, hemp would also make a significant rebound. Hearst began a campaign against hemp, and published stories in his newspapers associating hemp with marijuana and attacking marijuana usage. As a result of the act, the production and use of hemp was discontinued. Characteristics of hemp fibre are its superior strength and durability, resistance to ultraviolet light and mold, comfort and good absorbency (8%). The original Levi Strauss jeans were made from lightweight hemp canvas. Hemp rope is notorious for breaking due to rot as the capillary effect of the rope-woven fibres tended to hold liquid at the interior, while seeming dry from the outside. Hemp rope used in the age of sailing-ships was protected by tarring, a labor-intensive process (and source of the Jack Tar nickname for sailors). Hemp rope was phased out when Manila, which does not require tarring, became available. There is a niche market for hemp paper, but the cost of hemp pulp is approximately six times that of wood pulp, mostly due to the small size and outdated equipment of the few hemp processing plants in the Western world. Hemp pulp is bleached with hydrogen peroxide, which can also be used for wood pulp. Kenaf is another fast-growing plant which can be used as a replacement for wood pulp. Kenaf paper has been produced in commercial quantities. A modest hemp industry exists. Recent developments in processing have made it possible to soften coarse fibres to a wearable level. Hemp, because of its height, dense foliage and its high planting density as a crop, is a very effective and long used method of killing tough weeds in farming. Using hemp this way can help farmers avoid the use of herbicides, to help gain organic certification and to gain the benefits of crop rotation per se. Biofuels such as biodiesel and alcohol fuel can be made from the oils in hemp seeds and stalks, and the fermentation of the plant as a whole, respectively. The energy from hemp may be high based on acreage or weight, but can be low based on the volume of the light weight harvested hemp. It does, however, produce more energy per acre per year than corn, sugar, flax, or any other crop currently grown for ethanol or biodiesel. Henry Ford grew industrial hemp on his estate after 1937, possibly to prove the cheapness of methanol production at Iron Mountain. He made plastic cars with wheat straw, hemp and sisal. (Popular Mechanics, Dec. 1941, "Pinch Hitters for Defense.") In 1892, Rudolph Diesel invented the diesel engine, which he intended to fuel "by a variety of fuels, especially vegetable and seed oils. Millennia of selective breeding have resulted in varieties that look quite different. Also, breeding since circa 1930 has focused quite specifically on producing strains which would perform very poorly as sources of drug material. Hemp grown for fibre is planted closely, resulting in tall, slender plants with long fibres. Ideally, according to Defra in 2004 the herb should be harvested before it flowers. This early cropping is done because fibre quality declines if flowering is allowed and, incidentally, this cropping also pre-empts the herb's maturity as a potential source of drug material. However, in these strains of industrial hemp the tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content would have been very low regardless. The name Cannabis is the genus and was the name favoured by the 19th century medical practitioners who helped to introduce the herb's drug potential to modern English-speaking consciousness. Cannabis for non-drug purposes (especially ropes and textiles) was then already well known as hemp. The name "Marijuana" is Spanish in origin and associated almost exclusively with the herb's drug potential. That marijuana is now well known in English as a name for drug material is due largely to the efforts of US drug prohibitionists during the 1920s and 1930s. From the 1881 Household Cyclopedia: Smallholder plots are usually harvested by hand. The plants are cut at 2 to 3 cm above the soil and left on the ground to dry. Mechanical harvesting is now common, using specially adapted cutter-binders or simpler cutters. The cut hemp is laid in swathes to dry for up to four days. This was traditionally followed by retting, either water retting (the bundled hemp floats in water) or dew retting (the hemp remains on the ground and is affected by the moisture in dew moisture, and by molds and bacterial action). Modern processes use steam and machinery to separate the fibre, a process known as thermo-mechanical pulping. There are broadly three groups of Cannabis varieties being cultivated today: A nominal if not legal distinction is often made between hemp, with concentrations of the psychoactive chemical THC far too low to be useful as a drug, and Cannabis used for medical, recreational, or spiritual purposes. Hemp use dates back to the Stone Age, with hemp fibre imprints found in pottery shards in China and Taiwan over 10,000 years old. Legend credits Ts'ai-Lun, a Chinese eunuch in the emperor's court, with inventing paper about 105 AD. Specimens were found in the Great Wall of China which date back 200 years earlier. These papers were made from hemp. These ancient Asians also used the same fibres to make clothes, shoes, ropes, and an early form of paper. Hemp cloth was more common than linen until the mid 14th century. The use of hemp as a cloth was centered largely in the countryside, with higher quality textiles being available in the towns. Virtually every small town had access to a hemp field. The traditional European hemp was by tradition and due to its low narcotic effect not used as a drug in Europe. It was cultivated for its fibers and for example used by Christopher Columbus for ropes on his ships. The Spaniards first brought hemp to the Western Hemisphere and cultivated it in Chile starting about 1545. As early as 1633, the Virginia House of Burgesses passed an act requiring all planters in Virginia to sow "hempe" (sic) on their plantations. The Puritans are first known to have cultivated hemp in New England in 1645. George Washington and Thomas Jefferson both cultivated hemp on their farms—the Declaration of Independence was drafted on paper made from hemp fibers. Benjamin Franklin started the first American paper mill, which made paper exclusively from hemp. In the Napoleonic era, many military uniforms were made of hemp. While hemp linens were coarser than those made of flax, the added strength and durability of hemp, as well as the lower cost, meant that hemp uniforms were preferred. Hemp was used extensively by the United States during WWII. Uniforms, canvas, and rope were among the main textiles created from the hemp plant at this time. Much of the hemp used was planted in the Midwest and Kentucky. Historically, hemp production made up a significant portion of Kentucky's economy and many slave plantations located there focused on producing hemp. By the early twentieth century, the advent of the steam engine and the diesel engine ended the reign of the sailing ship. The advent of iron and steel for cable and ships' hulls further eliminated natural fibers in marine use, although hemp had long since fallen out of favour in the sailing industry in preference to Manila hemp. The invention of artificial fibers in the late thirties by DuPont further put strain on the market. More than 30 nations currently produce industrial hemp including Australia, Austria, Canada, China, England, France, Russia and Spain. From the 1950s to the 1980s the Soviet Union was the world's largest producer (3,000 km² in 1970). The main production areas were in Ukraine, the Kursk and Orel regions of Russia, and near the Polish border. Since its inception in 1931, the Hemp Breeding Department at the Institute of Bast Crops (Научно-исследовательский институт лубяных культур) in Hlukhiv (Glukhov), Ukraine, has been one of the world's largest centers for developing new hemp varieties, focusing on improving fiber quality, per-hectare yields, and low THC content. In Japan, hemp was historically used as paper and a fiber crop; it was restricted as a narcotic drug in 1948. The ban on marijuana imposed by the US authorities was alien to Japanese culture, as the drug had never been widely used in Japan before. There is archaeological evidence that cannabis was used for clothing and the seeds were eaten in Japan right back to the Jōmon period (10,000 to 300 BCE). Many Kimono designs portray hemp, or "Asa" (麻), as a beautiful plant. France (8,000 hectares cultivated) is Europe's biggest producer. Canada (2,500 ha in 2004), the United Kingdom, and Germany all resumed commercial production in the 1990s. British production is mostly used as bedding for horses; other uses are under development. The largest outlet for German fibre is composite automotive panels. Companies in Canada, UK, US and Germany among many others process hemp seed into a growing range of food products and cosmetics; many traditional growing countries still continue to produce textile grade fibre. Hemp is illegal to freely grow in the U.S. and several other countries because the plant is related to marijuana. In such countries, hemp is imported from China and the Philippines. Hemp advocates foresee a bright future for hemp. As mentioned earlier, as a health food, hemp has become increasingly popular in America and abroad. Canada has been increasing its crop and exports, although Canada only grows hemp for seed and oil, not fiber. The real future for hemp remains under the surface, and prices remain too high for any significant consumer use. Hemp laws are being passed around the United States in states such as Kentucky, Vermont and North Dakota. Pro-hemp laws have been passed in a dozen states, five in North Dakota (ND) alone. Under the new ND law, farmers no longer need permission from the DEA to grow industrial hemp, which now is distinguished from "marijuana". ND was very close to its first growing season, but the DEA delayed the applications too late to begin the season. The bright future exists in the environmental merit of hemp. Hemp is sold alongside organic cotton for clothes and is becoming popular as environmental awareness becomes more prevalent. Hemp has been written about in newspapers and magazines across the country, though few people know about hemp and its various benefits and uses. Hemp Plastic is a new technology based on 20-100% hemp fiber-based plastics that can be molded or injection molded. Demand for fiber-reinforced composites and other natural plastics could become more popular as oil prices rise and environmental awareness increases. The increased demand for health food has stimulated the trade of shelled hemp seed, hemp protein powder and hemp oil as well as finished and ready-to-eat food products (waffles, granola bars, ice cream, and milk for example) using these derivatives as ingredients. The use of hemp oil in the manufacture of body care products has also increased. Hemp contains delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which is the psychoactive ingredient found in hashish and marijuana. While THC is present in all Cannabis plant varieties to some extent, industrial hemp does not contain an amount to produce any intoxicating effect, even in significant quantities. In varieties grown for use as a drug, where males are removed in order to prevent fertilization, THC levels can reach as high as 24% in the unfertilized females which are given ample room to flower. In hemp varieties grown for seed or fibre use, the plants are grown very closely together and a very dense biomass product is obtained, rich in oil from the seeds and fibre from the stalks and low in THC content. EU and Canadian regulations limit THC content to 0.3% in industrial hemp. On October 9, 2001, the US Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) ruled that even traces of THC in products intended for food use would be illegal as of February 6, 2002. This Interpretive Rule would have ruled out the production or use of hempseed or hempseed oil in food use in the USA, but after the Hemp Industries Association (HIA) filed suit the rule was stayed by the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit on March 7, 2002. On March 21, 2003, the DEA issued a nearly identical Final Rule which was also stayed by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals on April 16, 2003. On February 6, 2004, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals issued a unanimous decision in favor of the HIA in which Judge Betty Fletcher wrote, "[T]hey (DEA) cannot regulate naturally-occurring THC not contained within or derived from marijuana-i.e. non-psychoactive hemp is not included in Schedule I. The DEA has no authority to regulate drugs that are not scheduled, and it has not followed procedures required to schedule a substance. The DEA's definition of "THC" contravenes the unambiguously expressed intent of Congress in the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) and cannot be upheld." On September 28, 2004, the HIA claimed victory after DEA declined to appeal to the Supreme Court of the United States the ruling from the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals protecting the sale of hemp-containing foods. Industrial hemp remains legal for import and sale in the U.S., but U.S. farmers still are not permitted to grow it. Strong opposition to trace amounts of THC, a chemical shown by scientific research to be less harmful and less addictive than nicotine or alcohol, leads some of its critics, like Jack Herer in The Emperor Wears No Clothes, to charge ulterior motives such as protection of the synthetic-fibre, wood pulp, petrochemical, and pharmochemical industries. The US government's position has not been completely constant, as shown by the wide-spread cultivation of industrial hemp in Kentucky and Wisconsin during World War II. Critics of the HIA, however, argue that the necessities of the war and the unavailability of adequate synthetic substitutes outweighed the social, health, and public safety risks of producing hemp. The presence of THC in hemp varieties and the fear that fields with hemp can hide cultivation of cannabis with more THC has hampered the development of hemp in many countries, most notably, the United States. Regulations in certain countries in EU demand approved variety of the seed and registration of the field in advance every year. Marijuana is often female only, and kept completely isolated from any males, to keep the THC production up and seed production low. There are specially developed strains that require a very specific growing operation, and there is much care put into increasing THC production. Hiding marijuana in a hemp field would create a variety of problems. One is, the dense hemp would most likely "choke out" the marijuana, taking valuable and necessary nutrients and sunlight that the marijuana needs to produce THC. Even more, the male hemp plants would fertilize the marijuana plants, which would have several side effects. First, the marijuana would produce seeds, quickly lowering its value. Energy growing seeds quickly diminishes THC content. More importantly, the fertilization essentially crossbreeds the hemp and marijuana (only in the THC potent females). While the hemp will not produce any more THC, the marijuana, once "tainted" by the Hemp, will produce significantly less THC, depending on how long and how close the contact is with the Hemp. If marijuana was successfully hidden and grown in a hemp field, the resulting plant matter would be of very little street value. It would be full of seeds and stems (because of fertilization), be malnourished (because hemp, like a strong weed, sucks up nutrients and grows taller, taking the available sun), and above all, have a very low THC content, making it undesirable to even the indiscriminate marijuana users. There is a consensus between experts and marijuana growers alike; the risk to reward ratio is too far out of proportion for it to even be considered.

<reponame>Gantios/Specs { "name": "ABPopupFactory", "version": "1.0.1", "summary": "This is a simple way to achieve a nice popup perfomance in app.", "description": "ABPopupFactory helps you to get a nice popup view for your ios applications.", "homepage": "https://github.com/Sash97/ABPopupFactory", "license": "MIT", "authors": { "Aleksandr": "<EMAIL>" }, "social_media_url": "https://www.facebook.com/bagdasaryan22", "platforms": { "ios": "11.0" }, "source": { "git": "https://github.com/Sash97/ABPopupFactory.git", "tag": "1.0.1" }, "swift_versions": "5.0", "source_files": "ABPopupFactory/**/*.{swift,c,h,m,xib,xcassets}", "resource_bundles": { "ABPopupFactory": [ "ABPopupFactory/**/*.{xib,xcassets}" ] }, "swift_version": "5.0" }

Walk this evening. at Brooks Falls in Katmai NP, Alaska. I didn’t see a ‘show dead whales’ thread... Appears to have been an albino/sickly looking bowhead. a Jobu gimbal mounted to my kayak. Saw this beautiful koala hanging out along the catchment area behind my house. It's amazing for me to think that this animal which from my American POV is "exotic" is just hanging out around your house. It makes me wonder if there's an equivalent animal native to my area that others would view as exotic. I know that when I was in Costa Rica a few years back that a raccoon (which is an animal that I occasionally encounter on my way to work) drew quite a crowd of onlookers. Great imagery; I just got back from CO but was limited to the local Boulder area. What is going on with those trees? ...What is going on with those trees? My guess is mountain pine beetle. Not sure but probably some sort of pest. On the west side of the park I saw ares that burned but everything was burned. Random horrible monster... I found this house finch in my yard, it was probably sick because it didn't want to move. Behind the fence in the garden was this lovely creature. The snake went and hid under the tomato plants and I left the 2 alone. Later in the day I found the finch dead, unconsumed, but with the neck feathers missing or disturbed. This morning's drive for work yielded these two fawns. There were actually three but it was was harder to get the three in the frame together in the time I had. The fawn in the front has a pretty severe wound on it's rear hip, probably from a car or coyote entanglement. Despite that, the fawn seemed to walk just fine. Hopefully it will be able to heal and will go on to live a normal life. This is the wounded fawn's good side, which initially is how it presented itself. I watched it walk with it's siblings for a few moments and didn't notice any injury or limp at all. I was in my car on the side of the road. After I took a few images they began to walk away from me so I put the camera down and began to drive away. As I began to merge into traffic I noticed they were about to crest a hill and there were circular bales in the field behind them which presented an opportunity for a more interesting shot. I pulled to the side of the road one more time and it was then that I was able to catch the injury on side of the fawn. I had no idea it was even there until I downloaded the images to my computer. In this shot the one on the right is the injured fawn.

Dr. Eija Valkonen, Area Sales Manager Animal welfare has been a hot topic for some time, and many stakeholders have interest in it. For consumers the issue is important and many of us make daily decisions in grocery store based on the animal welfare image that we associate with various products. Among farmers animal welfare has always been in an important role being a central part of animal production due to its effects on animal performance, and profitability and sustainability of the production. There is also a strong connection between animal nutrition and welfare. Safe and ethically produced food is more and more important to more and more people. Many of us consumers are interested in how the food is produced, and see the animal welfare and health as a part of food quality. In connection to that, livestock producers will continue to need to have a social acceptance for their production. The old and still valid argument for the importance of animal welfare for the producer is that a healthy and wellbeing animal will also perform well. Poor animal welfare often leads to increased costs. One very important reason for being concerned about animal welfare and health as a citizen, is that the human and animal health are interconnected. For example there are serious consequences to human health from the use of antibiotics in animal production. Animal welfare is more than absence of disease, pain, fear, thirst, and hunger. Nowadays welfare assessments are based more on the positive feelings, sensations, and emotions, and focus on the individual animal, and its subjective state. The ability to either adapt to or influence on the environment, and the ability to fulfil one’s needs are important to animal’s subjective state. As an animal nutritionist I might be inclined to emphasize the role of nutrition in animal welfare. But still, as appropriate nutrition is literally essential to the mere existence, there should be no doubt about its importance for welfare. Also, if you think of all the things in nutrition and feeding that can go wrong in countless ways, you’ll have to appreciate the importance of nutrition for the animal welfare. The high production levels we observe today challenge animals’ metabolic homeostasis. Cows yield over 30 kg milk per day. Sows produce 30 piglets per year. Layers reach a peak of almost one egg per day and sustain high productivity for over a year. Broilers reach their desired end weight at an amazing rate in about 5 weeks. Such high levels of production demand a lot of nutrients and a high metabolic rate, putting pressure on the animals’ organs and organ systems. This may leave them more susceptible to various infectious and metabolic diseases. Immunocompetence decreases and at the same time inflammatory responses increase. Immunity functions can be supported by nutrition and there is evidence that it’s possible to restrict the excess inflammatory responses with dietary amendments even without in-feed antibiotics. Restricting the excess inflammatory responses makes better feed conversion ratio and production performance possible. Hankkija FFI continues the heritage of its predecessors in development of products and concepts that support farm animal welfare and the normal function of their gastrointestinal tract. Our products Progut® and Progres® are dietary tools to support immunity and reduce inflammation reactions, and thus support animal welfare. Our on-going research focuses in finding new feed materials that could contribute to the gut health and overall wellbeing of farmed animals.

/** @file * @brief Attribute Protocol handling. */ /* * Copyright (c) 2016 Intel Corporation * * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 */ #ifndef ZEPHYR_INCLUDE_BLUETOOTH_ATT_H_ #define ZEPHYR_INCLUDE_BLUETOOTH_ATT_H_ #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif #include <misc/slist.h> /* Error codes for Error response PDU */ #define BT_ATT_ERR_INVALID_HANDLE 0x01 #define BT_ATT_ERR_READ_NOT_PERMITTED 0x02 #define BT_ATT_ERR_WRITE_NOT_PERMITTED 0x03 #define BT_ATT_ERR_INVALID_PDU 0x04 #define BT_ATT_ERR_AUTHENTICATION 0x05 #define BT_ATT_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED 0x06 #define BT_ATT_ERR_INVALID_OFFSET 0x07 #define BT_ATT_ERR_AUTHORIZATION 0x08 #define BT_ATT_ERR_PREPARE_QUEUE_FULL 0x09 #define BT_ATT_ERR_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_FOUND 0x0a #define BT_ATT_ERR_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_LONG 0x0b #define BT_ATT_ERR_ENCRYPTION_KEY_SIZE 0x0c #define BT_ATT_ERR_INVALID_ATTRIBUTE_LEN 0x0d #define BT_ATT_ERR_UNLIKELY 0x0e #define BT_ATT_ERR_INSUFFICIENT_ENCRYPTION 0x0f #define BT_ATT_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_GROUP_TYPE 0x10 #define BT_ATT_ERR_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES 0x11 #define BT_ATT_ERR_DB_OUT_OF_SYNC 0x12 #define BT_ATT_ERR_VALUE_NOT_ALLOWED 0x13 /* Common Profile Error Codes (from CSS) */ #define BT_ATT_ERR_WRITE_REQ_REJECTED 0xfc #define BT_ATT_ERR_CCC_IMPROPER_CONF 0xfd #define BT_ATT_ERR_PROCEDURE_IN_PROGRESS 0xfe #define BT_ATT_ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE 0xff typedef void (*bt_att_func_t)(struct bt_conn *conn, u8_t err, const void *pdu, u16_t length, void *user_data); typedef void (*bt_att_destroy_t)(void *user_data); /* ATT request context */ struct bt_att_req { sys_snode_t node; bt_att_func_t func; bt_att_destroy_t destroy; struct net_buf_simple_state state; struct net_buf *buf; #if defined(CONFIG_BT_SMP) bool retrying; #endif /* CONFIG_BT_SMP */ }; #ifdef __cplusplus } #endif #endif /* ZEPHYR_INCLUDE_BLUETOOTH_ATT_H_ */

I think I can attest to why it’s so dimly lit: they didn’t change the floor in the area. It’s actually an element of restaurant (and by extension food hall) design to look at how the lighting can enhance or hurt the look of the room. For example, in a place like the Keg, the lights will be on pretty normal throughout the day, during lunchtime. In the evening, to give the illusion of a finer dining experience, the lights dim, to class it up and hide imperfections. In the case of the Midtown Food Court, the dim lights take your eyes off of the floor, and onto the food providers signs, as well as draw you towards the lit area by the large window. By drawing you into the corner, you have to walk past many food vendors, and it’s more likely you’ll spend money. By no means am I an expert on this, just read a few books on restaurant design - someone please correct if I’m wrong!

2 Notes, Regular notebook Style – the way a writer writes and uses language.Style is related to diction – word choice and sentence patterns.Style is related to imagery – these are images that are created in the reader’s mind when reading. 3 Notes: ImageryImagery words and language that appeal to the five senses – sight, sound, smell, taste, touch.These can be things like, simile, metaphor, personification, onomatopoeia, etc.They may also be unique phrases and interesting ways that the author uses language. 4 Notes, Regular Notebook Exotic setting. This story takes the reader into two distinct settings.The distant future, where time travel is possible.The distant past, when dinosaurs roamed the earth.Though each setting is not practical, Bradbury writes in a way that makes it vivid to the imagination and believable. 5 Character ListKeith – democratic president elected at the beginning of the story.Deutscher – Keith’s presidential opponent – the loser of the election at the beginning of the story.Eckels – a wealthy hunter seeking a new hunting thrill.Mr. Travis – the safari guide.Lesperance – Mr. Travis’ assistant.Billings and Kramer – two other hunters.An official of Time Safari Inc. 7 Encountering the Text 500 - 502. Imagery is how a reader creates a particular picture in the reader’s mind; this could include sight, sound, smell, taste, touch as well as figurative language – like similes, metaphors, personification, onomatopoeia. What imagery is used to describe the time machine? (L.T. Style and Fig Language)Anti is a prefix that means “against.” According to the description of Deutscher, what is he against? (L.T. Style)Page 502 How does one kill a Tyrannosaurus Rex? (L.T. Reader Comprehension) 8 Encountering the Text 500 - 502. 4. Page 502 Mr. Travis states, “’Christ isn’t born yet, Moses has not gone to the mountain to talk with God. The Pyramids are still in the earth, waiting to be cut out and put up. Remember that. Alexander, Caesar, Napoleon, Hitler – none of them exists.’” What mood (feeling) is Mr. Travis trying to get across to the hunters? (L.T. Style) 5. Page 502 What is the purpose of the path? (L.T. Reading Comprehension) 6. Bradbury writes, “They sat in the ancient wilderness. Far bird’s cries blew on the wind, and the smell of tar and an old salt sea, moist grasses and flowers the color of blood.” List the sense imagery. What mood do the lines help create? (L.T. Fig Lang, Style) 9 For want of a mouse a Fox dies Eliminate future families PagesMr. Travis states, “Say we kill one mouse…” and ends with “So be careful. Stay on the path. Never step off.” Chart the Causes and Effects that Mr. Travis outlines in his argument. Use my example as a guide and create your own squares . (L.T. Reading Strategy, Cause and Effect)Cause Effect Cause EffectFor want of a mouse a Fox diesStep on MouseEliminate future families2. Does this argument seem to make sense?Explain.3. How do they know what animals to shoot? 10 Page 504 What is the Time Paradox? (L. T. Comprehension) Describe the way that Bradbury uses imagery in the following passage. “The jungle was high and the jungle was broad, and the jungle was the entire world forever and forever. Sounds like music and sounds like flying tents filled the sky, and those were pterodactyls soaring with cavernous gray wings, gigantic bats of delirium and night fever.” (L.T. Style) 11 PageList the imaginative sound words that Bradbury uses to describe the dying T-Rex. (L.T. Style)Infer as to why the two men, Kramer and Billings, do not want to take a picture with the T-Rex. (L. T. Comprehension)What demand does Travis make of Eckels? Why? (L. T. Comprehension)What did Eckels step on, and what was the effect? List the subtle (slight, little) differences and the large differences upon their return. (L.T. Cause and Effect)What is the meaning of the ending line “There was a sound of thunder.” (L.T. Comprehension) 12 Theme WorkAs a reminder Theme is a particular message that an author wants to get across to his or her audience.The following is a theme topic, but not a theme yet. Turn the topic into a theme by creating a sentence.Theme topic: Cause and effect. What is Bradbury stating about cause and effect? 13 Working with the vocabulary During a _____ many people cannot find work.The agitated patient’s ______ was caused by a high fever.After a driver gets too many tickets, the law may ________ his or her license.Modern builder are careful not to completely ________ the remains of ancient civilizations.A time that is even older than ancient times is _______________.The car will be your after you _______________ the final payment.Items that are thrown overboard to lighten the load are _______________ .Good rubber tires are strong and _______________Thought that lie just below the surface are _______________ .If a heavy load is light to carry, that is a ___________ .AnnihilateExpendableDepressionParadoxDeliriumResilientRemitRevokePrimevalSubliminal

The Meissner Effect When a material makes the transition from the normal to superconducting state, it actively excludes magnetic fields from its interior; this is called the Meissner effect. This constraint to zero magnetic field inside a superconductor is distinct from the perfect diamagnetism which would arise from its zero electrical resistance. Zero resistance would imply that if you tried to magnetize a superconductor, current loops would be generated to exactly cancel the imposed field (Lenz's law). But if the material already had a steady magnetic field through it when it was cooled trough the superconducting transition, the magnetic field would be expected to remain. If there were no change in the applied magnetic field, there would be no generated voltage (Faraday's law) to drive currents, even in a perfect conductor. Hence the active exclusion of magnetic field must be considered to be an effect distinct from just zero resistance. A mixed state Meissner effect occurs with Type II materials. One of the theoretical explanations of the Meissner effect comes from the London equation. It shows that the magnetic field decays exponentially inside the superconductor over a distance of 20-40 nm. It is described in terms of a parameter called the London penetration depth. Reference Rohlf,Ch 15

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The Decision Lab is a socially conscious applied research firm that aims to democratize behavioral science. We aspire to share this essential knowledge with a wide audience, with the hope of reaching the ears of critical decision-makers. With this goal in mind, we reached out to Samuli to connect his important work with a broader audience. Too often, research does not naturally reach the people that need its insight the most. This piece is part of a series that aims to bridge that gap. Since Cass Sunstein and Richard Thaler introduced the idea of “Nudging” citizens towards decisions in their own best interests, the concept has been a contentious one. Is it ethical to decide how people will think? Is anyone in a position to make these choices for someone else? Samuli Reijula recognizes these concerns. Samuli and his colleague, Ralph Hertwig, Director of the Center for Adaptive Rationality and Max Planck Institute for Human Development, have proposed novel ideas to overcome some of these challenges. Putting choices back in the hands of individual decision-makers is indeed an admirable goal. Nudge, Boost or Design? Limitations of behavioral policy under social interaction. Social information can undermine individual performance in exploration-exploitation tasks. Nathan: How would you describe the focus of your research? Samuli: We study how findings from behavioral science research can be used to help people to deal with self-control problems. The core idea is to turn so-called nudging interventions into tools that people themselves can use to help them reach their goals: instead of fighting temptations with sheer willpower, self-nudges rely on strategic manipulations of decision situations (i.e. choice architecture) so as to avoid the temptation altogether. Nathan: How would you explain your research question to the general public? Samuli: We think that psychologists and other behavioral scientists have a lot to offer in the policy field, previously often left to economists. The nudge program has been central in transferring behavioral policy findings into concrete policy contexts. That said, nudging has also met with resistance, and concerns have been voiced both about the efficacy and ethics of nudging. In our research, we ask whether self-nudging can help with such ethical concerns, as well as extend the scope and persistence of behavioral-science informed interventions. Nathan: How did you go about tackling these problems? Samuli: Ralph Hertwig, together with his colleagues, has developed a policy program called boosting. Boosting interventions aim to give people the knowledge needed to build competencies that help them make better choices in various domains of their lives (e.g., risk literacy, financial planning, healthy food choices). We realized that many nudges can also be turned into boosting interventions: by informing people about self-control challenges and nudging-based solutions to such challenges, we could help people become ‘citizen choice architects.’ Whereas original nudges are top-down interventions where a public policy-maker implements changes in people’s decision environments, self-nudges can strengthen agency and self-control by making people themselves aware of the links between properties of their environments (e.g., positioning of food items in a cafeteria or kitchen) and behavior (sticking to your diet or eating that chocolate bar) as well as providing them with efficient ways of changing those environments for the better. Samuli: Our main aim in the article was to introduce a new approach to behaviorally informed policy — self-nudging. Although the evidence collected in various areas (e.g., nudging, boosting, behavior change, behavioral therapy) gives us reasons for optimism about the potential of self-nudges, it is, of course, early days for self-nudging, and in order to count as evidence-based interventions, we need more data about the efficacy of self-nudges. We don’t suggest that self-nudges should replace more traditional policy tools like nudges, financial incentives or regulation. Instead, we consider self-nudges as an addition to the policy maker’s toolkit. Nathan: What do you think some exciting directions are for research stemming from your study? Samuli: In addition to providing new policy tools, we think self-nudging can also be a way of improving our ‘psychological literacy’, i.e. understanding of how our minds function. In particular, I think many of us have an overly intellectualized view of self-control. We often feel bad about our weak willpower and inability to resist temptation. We are embodied beings, often undecided and torn between different desires and urges. That we should accept. But research does not suggest that people’s willpower would have recently declined, perhaps to the contrary. Instead, we spend more and more time in highly designed environments where we are constantly nudged by, for example, advertisements and smartphone apps that compete for our attention. Samuli: We see self-nudging as an important means for helping people understand how the often apparently insignificant aspects of our environments steer our behavior, and how learning to design our own decision environments helps us to take some of that power back. Due to its many uses, artificial intelligence (AI) has recently skyrocketed in popularity. However, problematic uses of AI can cause bad outcomes: If we program machines to optimize for results that conform to our normative views and goals, they might do just that.

Wayne travels overseas a lot so we thought we should publish this chat between Cuth and Wayne about coffee away from home. Some of the things you will hear: Getting a vibe for a coffee shop Research, Ask those in the know Social media The good, the bad and the not so tasty, experiencing it all. Milking it Reading through the paid for posts. Talking to the locals Take away cups Cost of coffee Filter coffee And a short intro to worlds.

MacEwan University recently appointed Jason Fung as its new general counsel, starting Feb. 10. Mr. Fung has served as a senior legal counsel with the department of justice and solicitor general at the Government of Alberta and has a strong background in providing strategic and legal advice on privacy, intellectual property and risk management. Mr. Fung has served as lead counsel on a number of Alberta-wide initiatives, including the Calgary 2026 Olympic bid. He holds a bachelor of laws from Dalhousie University. Melanie Spence-Ariemma has been appointed as the vice-provost and chief academic officer at the University of Guelph-Humber. She will begin her new position on May 2. Dr. Spence-Ariemma currently serves as dean of student affairs for the Michener Institute of Education at the University Health Network and has previously held the role as provost and vice-president, academic at Sheridan College. She holds a PhD in leadership and policy and has taught at various universities in the U.S. and Canada. Kwantlen Polytechnic University has named Paul Adams as the first of two Sherman Jen Research Chairs, positions which have been created following a donation from the Dr. Sherman Jen Education Foundation. As the Sherman Jen Research Chair in applied genomics, Dr. Adams will work with students and researchers to improve animal and plant health, sustainability, product development and competitiveness for agricultural sectors in Canada. Dr. Adams is a biologist by training and completed a postdoctoral fellowship at Johns Hopkins University. Capilano University has appointed Kartik Bharadwa as the vice president, people, culture and diversity. In this newly-created position, Mr. Bharadwa will oversee human resources activities and aid the university in achieving its goal of instilling a culture of equity, diversity, and inclusion throughout all operations. Prior to joining Capilano on Jan. 19, Mr. Bharadwa served as director, human resources, operations, and chief privacy officer for the BC Dental Association. He has extensive experience in labour relations, talent acquisition and retention, learning development, change management and organizational effectiveness. Tina Chen is serving as the first executive lead, equity, diversity and inclusion, at the University of Manitoba, where she began a two-year term on Feb. 1. Dr. Chen will oversee the university’s EDI initiatives to further the eradication of systemic inequities and biases. Dr. Chen was the first racialized person to be named head of the U of M’s history department in 2013, a role she held until 2020. She has also demonstrated leadership outside of the university setting, most recently through her involvement in two national forums on anti-Asian racism. Dr. Chen has been named as one of Canada’s Top 100 Most Powerful Women by the Women’s Executive Network and is a highly regarded historian.

Rings of debris from shattered asteroids and Earth-like planets orbit many white dwarf stars - their remains testimony to how common Earth-like bodies really are in space. A group of scientists from California using the Spitzer Space Telescope have examined the debris rings around six different white dwarfs, one of which is depicted above in this artist's rendering. What they found was that a lot of these shattered rocks were low in carbon but high in other minerals common to rocky planets in our solar system. Planets in our system are also low in carbon. The researchers announced their findings at this week's meeting of the American Astronomical Society in Long Beach, CA. According to Centauri Dreams: When a star like our Sun reaches the end of its life and becomes a red giant, it consumes any inner planets and perturbs the orbits of the surviving planets and asteroids. A white dwarf is the end result of this stellar expansion and subsequent collapse. Objects wrenched out of their former orbits should, like the asteroids in question, occasionally drift close enough to the star to be pulled apart by its gravity. Such a star, showing the excess infrared signature of a circumstellar disk that is likely caused by the tidal disruption of asteroids, is called a ‘polluted’ white dwarf. And that's what we're seeing here. SOURCE: Astronomical Journal. Image via NASA/JPL-Caltech.

A University of Tokyo research team developed a new method that allows them to remotely control and move a micron-sized particle to a desired position. This particle, which can be produced in mass quantity at one time, acts as a self-propelled particle capable of maneuvering itself through water by drawing energy from an electric field and possesses two swimming modes—propulsion and rotation. Until now, guiding a self-propelled microparticle to an intended target in water proved challenging because it swims completely at random. Furthermore, the smaller the particle the more chaotic its motion becomes due to collisions with surrounding atoms and molecules, posing a problem particular to the maneuvering of tiny objects. Inspired by the swimming strategy observed in bacteria such as E.coli, the research group led by Professor Masaki Sano at the University of Tokyo’s Graduate School of Science demonstrated that a particle can be transported to a target or follow a given trajectory by remotely switching between the two swimming modes. Moreover, the group theoretically revealed that the optimal strategy for such micron-sized objects to swim towards a target depends on the size of the swimmer: It found that constant steering is beneficial for large particles, while for objects as small as E.coli (about 1μm), a strategy in which a swimmer corrects its orientation only when it veers too far from the intended target, is optimal. The current outcome provides not only a basic principle for maneuvering small objects, but it may also lead to advanced artificial cell technologies, cell manipulation and stimulation methods, new drug delivery systems, and other applications. “We initially set out to make self-propelled particles that move in a straight line, but ended up producing a lot of rotating particles,” says Sano. He continues, “We didn’t regard these as a failure and throw them away, but instead turned failure into success by coming up with the algorithm that transports particles towards a target position by switching between the dual modes of rotation and propulsion.” “When we started this project, we never imagined we would get this far,” say Tomoyuki Mano, an undergraduate at the time, and Dr. Jean-Baptiste Delfau, who were involved in this study from the outset.

Styled in a brown sunburst high gloss finish, the Ibanez M510 is an A-style mandolin made with a spruce top, sapele back and sides, and a mahogany neck. Additional features include a purpleheart fingerboard, bridge, and saddle, as well as ivory body binding and a set of chrome tuners. The instrument is well suited for beginning and advanced players alike.

Note the neat flip-up, lie-flat viewfinder; the prominent shutter button; the red exposure counter (8 exposures per roll!) and the folding carrying handle. Also, the compactness via use of extension bellows. the LCD on a bright day. The features on this camera are truly amazing, and many should be imitated today. Kodak 1937 +/- vintage. Still works, but has been retired - too much hassle to find, load, process film. I agree, these old cameras had just about everything you needed. The modern DSLR gives you an instant image to look at, but not much else really except bells and whistles!

Cardiff will be getting a royal visit next Friday, 7th December 2018. The Prince of Wales, Patron, will visit City Hospice and meet with patients and families as well as staff and volunteers at Whitchurch Hospital Grounds, Park Road, Whitchurch, Cardiff. The Prince of Wales has been Patron of City Hospice since 1998. During the visit His Royal Highness will meet with volunteers who give their time to support the hospice including gardeners, the counselling team and those who provide complementary therapies such as reflexology. The Prince will also meet Luan and her children Lara and Connor. Luan lost her husband to cancer earlier this year and the counselling and bereavement team has supported the family. The Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama is hosting a special performance to celebrate His Royal Highness’ 70th birthday. His Royal Highness became the College’sPatron in 1999, prior to the granting of their Royal status in 2002. The performance will feature students and graduates of the College performing a selection of music and drama pieces. Emmy-award winner Matthew Rhys, International Chair of Drama at the College, will be introducing the event. The Prince will also meet harpist Catrin Finch, as the World Harp Congress will take place in Cardiff in July 2020. This will be in front of 13 harps, and current Royal Harpist Anne Denholm. Guests at the performance and reception will include actors Owen Teale and Hugo Blick.

When students tackle science hands on, they can save the world! If inquiry is meaningful, real world practices improve student understanding. Memorizing the periodic table, a formula to determine the circumference of an atom, or the genus of a frog can be important, but let’s face it… you’re looking at an uphill battle when you are staring down the barrel of sixty drooping eyelids trying to explain why it is important that the student retain this information. There is ample evidence that students retain very little from lectures in science classes. There is a reason for this – when you are given lists of equations, tables, or dozens of names to memorize it can be difficult to see where this makes an impact in the real world. So how do we change this? Simple. We help students impact the real world using practical inquiry into local and global science. Or better yet, take the classroom to the science! Whether students are contributing data to global honey bee research or graphing the skies, citizen science allows students to participate in global scientific inquiry. As explained here, integrating inquiry based science meaningfully in the real world is a tall order for any educator. In this post, we will share with you an example project and supporting resources to inspire this integration in your classroom. How do educators integrate scientific inquiry and real world relevance? The Water Quality Project: A Map to Understanding was reported by Linda Weber of Natick High School in Natick, Massachusetts. The goal of this project at is to let students “do” science like real scientists by observing, questioning, and ultimately coming up with a solution to a problem that can be shared with the larger community. In the short term, participation allows students to see and experience the process of scientific inquiry first hand, rather than having someone dictate it to them. In the long term, students who participated would see how the decisions they were making now would impact their lives in the future. According to the National Science Teachers Association’s position statement: “Scientific inquiry reflects how scientists come to understand the natural world, and it is at the heart of how students learn. From a very early age, children interact with their environment, ask questions, and seek ways to answer those questions. Understanding science content is significantly enhanced when ideas are anchored to inquiry experiences. “ What strategies can be used to increase the real world relevance of the inquiry process? One of the long term goals of this project included helping students see how the decisions they make today influences their future. This ambitious goal required teachers to frontload curriculum earlier in the year and to engage students with relevant narratives (like PBS’ Poisoned Waters) and a guest speaker assembly including local and regional water quality scientists. All of this preparation helped students prepare for real world and hands on activities for the project. These included: - Helping out their community For the annual Charles River Watershed Association’s clean-up day, students and teachers removed a variety of trash, from traditional cigarette butts and paper to more unusual things like television sets. For the nearly 50 students that participated (on a school vacation weekend, mind you) the experience was insightful. Class discussions about and concern for their environment lingered into the following weeks in class. These shared experiences became the “reason” to investigate water quality in the community rather than the “just the wrap up activity” of the project. Collecting local data After the students had returned to the area to collect water samples. They used collection robots they built during their classroom time to reach water samples they couldn’t normally get to. Using technologies like wikis, blogs, and Google Maps they were able to share their results instantly with their classmates. - Contributing to global datasets The project also included research for the testing parameters of The World Monitoring Day Organization or World Water Monitoring Day. The Water Quality Project isn’t the only program in the United States doing this. Many other schools (in over 24 countries) are participating in The World Water Monitoring Challenge. It charges its members to educate and engage students and citizens in the protection of international water resources. - Presenting the results When all the research was said and done there was a “massive poster presentation” where every student was required to present his or her findings and share ideas for how to improve the water conditions in their community. Why does it work? When learning is meaningful, the impact is tangible. When students have the opportunity to showcase their skills to a larger audience than their teachers or peers it helps to internalize the lessons they learn in the classroom. This benefit accumulates when the students can see themselves using inquiry-based science to make a real difference in their communities. The Bigger Picture on Holistic Writing What is Holistic Writing? So what is holistic writing and how can we apply it to our classrooms? Holistic writing is about mastering the art of looking at the big picture in its entirety before even putting pen to paper. It’s starting with the sum rather than the individual parts. Plot, characterization, grammar, cadence, all of these things are extremely important to learn individually; what’s more important is learning to use them in tandem. Even if every part is working fine on its own, if they don’t fit into the larger whole, the machine doesn’t work and the writing suffers for it. By changing how we approach teaching writing, we can impact how students comprehend material. How do you do it? So what can educators do to integrate holistic writing in the classroom? - Learn and foster a new writing process: This can include cross-genre analysis of texts, incorporating new media into their writing assignments, and fostering a collaborative writing process. - Require all students to write extensively: By writing frequently and for many purposes, learners can be comfortable writing extended prose in elementary school and onward, setting them up for success in college. Schools can aid this process by making sure they hire excellent writing teachers as well as creating a curricula that fosters writing across all content areas at every grade level. How can Holistic Writing be integrated in a Chicano Studies class? Teachers at Valley High School a public school, with a predominately Latino population, were awarded a McCarthey Dressman grant to develop a Holistic Approach to Writing. This school is in a high poverty area where most students are English Language Learners and close to 90% of them receive free lunches. Valley High School Educators decided to address student gaps in literacy by taking the holistic writing approach and integrating it into their Chicano studies class. The course is about the Chicano experience in relation to the following themes: history, identity, labor, gender and culture. While this course focuses on research and writing it takes a holistic method to teaching and learning. Students create murals, linoleum prints, and spoken word along with other forms of art. Each art piece is supported by research, a works cited page and thesis. Research skills are strengthened along with the student’s writing. In addition, students are required to construct a thesis surrounding their artwork, backed up with cited research. Instead of teaching writing and research separately, research lessons were taught throughout the year. Students were evaluated both on the artwork itself and the research that went into it. What is the impact of Holistic Writing integration? While initially it served eighty students, portions of the lessons bled over into history courses as the program moved forward. Over the three year project, they will reach 600 students and over 3,000 students will view their murals. Collaboration and teacher training has been a key factor in creating curriculum for this project. In the beginning of the project, it was necessary for the teachers to research the quality of papers at the college freshman level. Using what they learned, they developed a common rubric for the California High School Exit Examination (CAHSEE). Their program has proved very effective. The Chicano studies instructor accomplished this by collaborating with the English instructor. He brought a sense of structure and form, while the English teacher helped the students understand style. According to the report, the students participating in this method have a 79% CASHEE passing rate, as opposed to the school’s average of 59%. The students have used a multi-disiplinary approach to Chicano studies including creating pieces of art (sugar skulls, day of the dead altars, murals painted with both acrylic and aerosol paints). When this method was later applied to the World History class in the second year of implementation they found the same thing happened, 79% vs 59%. The results speak for themselves. If students are given the proper tools to excel, they will. The great thing about the holistic writing approach is that its reach far exceeds that of simple literary skills. It helps create a broader lens in which the student can view the world, their work, and ultimately themselves. Learn more about Holistic Writing Writing Now – pg. 4 Don’t miss this engaging Flickr slideshow from NYC Urban Debate League When debate and students come together, great debates happen. This month’s blog presents the New York City Urban Debate League (NYCUDL) and how it has flourished despite few resources. It’s been rated among the nation’s top after-school programs by many leading education organizations including the National Endowment for the Arts, National Council for the Humanities, and First Lady Michelle Obama calling it, “one of the top arts and humanities based programs in the country.” According to Erik Fogel who is the driving force behind the NYCUDL, The Great Debaters program is so successful and so simple and can be replicated to any school. All students can be Great Debaters! With our nation slipping behind many other countries in the subjects of math and science (2013, CNN) one may find it hard to justify a course of study with no immediate application to tests on basic skills. Unless you’re a lawyer there are very few jobs that will pay you to research and argue a subject. So again, why debate? Debate engages students on a deeper and more meaningful level than most classes because it forces students to engage in more serious subject matter and view important issues from many angles. What type of knowledge, skills and abilities does debate support? - Rigorous and Critical ThinkingDebate participation promotes problem-solving skills, viewing issues from multiple angles and teaches students to synthesize a large amount of information. - Master Multiple Subject AreasDebate students learn about current events, politics, philosophy, critical studies, economics, environmental studies, international studies, geography, culture, race, and public policy. - Listening and Note-taking SkillsDebate requires that you become an excellent listener and good note taker. This helps students learn the material more profoundly and helps them to get better grades. - Cognitive and Academic Vocabulary SkillsDebate students often read and write at a level 25% higher than their peers. - Mental and Emotional MaturityDebate forces students to engage each other in a mature and professional manner. It teaches students how others think, how to stand in the face of adversity, and ultimately teaches them self-confidence. - Academic and Professional AchievementThe average debate student is in the top 10% of their class. Ninety-five percent go on to college and many debaters go on to have very productive professional lives and tend to be more politically active and engaged. A great many leaders and important thinkers participated in debate. A few famous examples include Justice Sonya Sotomayor, and President’s Kennedy and Johnson. …I joined the debating team…. That’s where I developed my speaking skills and learned to think on my feet…. You can have brilliant ideas, but if you can’t get them across, your brains won’t get you anywhere.” -Lee Iacocca, former CEO of Chrysler So what does a model debate program look like? Debate competitions traditionally have been reserved for only the schools that could afford the very steep price tag. This means that the vast majority of inner city public schools lack the debate opportunities of their more well off counterparts. But if you want to see the exception that proves the rule, one need look no further than the New York City Urban Debate League (formerly the Bronx Urban Debate League) to find an ideal model. From humble beginnings in a single school in the Bronx, they have since expanded to over thirty-five schools, covering the entire New York City area with plans to expand further. Mr. Fogel said, “Thanks to the McCarthey Dressman Education Foundation we were able to expand our debate team to the entire Bronx and New York City by offering free debate tournaments to all students.” Essential components of the program include outreach to schools and a wonderful website – but that’s not all. Once a school is identified, “we meet with schools and customize a plan to start a program (recruitment of debaters, curriculum, and teacher training). We match paid and/or volunteer high school, college, and alumni debaters to each school to serve as assistant coaches.” The League offers specialized programs including policy debate, public forum debate, parliamentary debate, a girls debate league and more. Along with community and school efforts, NYCUDL also holds a free debate camp each summer. Alumni of the program receive college and career advising. So who is the New York City Urban Debate League (NYCUDL)? The NYCUDL, led by Erik Fogel consists of a collection of teachers, administrators and other volunteers. They meet with schools on an individual basis to plan customized programs, build a debate curriculum which includes hundreds of files of arguments and evidence, recruit student debaters, train teachers and other volunteers, and organize leagues. They provide the schools with free debate resources (books, handouts, lessons, and videos). Additionally, with all that they also hold two free tournaments every month, more often than not with free transportation to and from schools. Fogel explains, “These tournaments are foremost educational and motivational and so we distribute numerous awards. We provide support for member schools to participate in city, regional and national tournaments for free.” So what has the impact been thus far? One need only look at the NYCUDL’s yearly report to know that any resources spent on them is well worth the cost. - Originally planned to expand into three to five schools, NYCUDL expanded to over twenty. - Instead of offering a few free tournaments, they offer whole free leagues including an after school league, a weekend league, and a young woman’s league. - NYCUDL teams have won the City Championship, State Championship, and 3rd, 4th and 5th places at the National Championships (a first for that Title I school). Most importantly, students in the NYCUDL have 100% college acceptance among their graduating seniors. In fact, NYCUDL alumni often win multiple scholarships. If those facts don’t inspire a debate about the academic enrichment efforts you are implementing in your school, perhaps they should. Considering starting a debate enrichment program? To learn more about NYCUDL and the strategies highlighted in this project, visit these resources. A Meta-analysis of the Impact of Forensics and Communication Education on Critical Thinking Addressing the Knowledge Gap Among the many challenges facing us in education one of our most formidable foes is the comprehension gap, across all content areas, between students of low socioeconomic status and those of high socioeconomic status. E.D. Hirsch, The Case for Bringing Content Into The Language Arts Block and for a Knowledge Rich Curriculum Core for All Children American Educator, Spring 2006. [T]his neglect of [content] knowledge is a major source of inequity, at the heart of the achievement gap between America’s poor and non-poor” The Importance of Literacy Skills While there are many factors that attribute to poor performance, one of the chief offenders is a lack of literacy skills. This is often noted at the college level when students are forced to take non-credit developmental education classes just to catch up to the basics. This both demoralizes the student as well as extending the amount of time they have to spend in, and thus pay for, college. By expanding literary sources, however, we expand the sphere of knowledge surrounding the content areas. Students can gain a broader context of how a given subject fits into the larger narrative of the real world. “If they want their students to learn complex new concepts in different disciplines, they [content teachers] often have to help their students become better readers…”Chris Tovani in her text Do I Really Have to Teach Reading? Peer Assistance and Review (PAR): A Teacher Development Project Teachers need to move beyond textbooks to increase their literary skills so that they can better communicate their subject to students. So how do we get a teacher to step away from the science textbook and into some Sagan or Hawking? One of the ways we can work to address the knowledge gap is through the model of Peer Assistance and Review. In order to address inequity, our featured project at The School of the Future has done just that. With a Teacher Development Grant from McCarthey Dressman, The School of the Future helped improve the overall literacy of their teachers and subsequently their students. Supports for Improved Content Literacy for Educators and Students - Collaboratively Created Curriculum Teachers in high school met after school and collaborated to develop, create, and implement a curriculum that would enhance their students’ ability to read and write in the content areas (History, Math, Science and Technology) across the 11th and 12th grade. - Shared Texts Across Content Areas The group worked together to come up with a list of shared texts across content areas. While history and science have obvious literary sources outside the textbook, with a subject like math the teachers could study the history of math and biographies of mathematicians to give a wider scope to how the content area applies to the real world. - Content Literacy Support Included was a training program for inexperienced or ineffective teachers to improve their literacy skills across their content area, specifically focusing on grades 11-12 to start. The Difference: Educator Driven Approach The difference between this program and previous initiatives aimed at teaching reading in the content areas was that previous efforts were top down administrative mandates that focused on ensuring uniformity in how reading, whereas the current effort was focused on expanding the teacher’s actual knowledge base. Past “one size fits all” approaches to teaching reading in the content areas failed to account for the fact that students read different types of texts in every content area. The unique aspect to this program is its need for a personal “buy-in” from the teachers. Not a monetary buy-in, but those teachers who want to get involved will need to be willing to pull up their sleeves and put a little more time on the table. The Impact: Students Identify and Analyze Printed and Non-Printed Texts What have the teachers accomplished with this project? During year one, five teachers (half the 11th/12th grade team) studied professional literature in their content areas to be able to implement a plan for teaching students to independently identify and analyze multiple non-fiction printed texts and non-print texts, at the student’s own instructional level, appropriate for the content of the class. Classroom visits and observations of each other in the form of Lesson Study, analysis of student growth, refinement of practice, creation of videos, continued throughout the year. In year two, participants in year one become “Anchor” teachers and shared best practices with the half of the team that was not previously involved (“Innovator Teachers”). For year three, the 11th/12th grade teacher team will mentor the 9th/10th grade team. PAR provides teachers with the opportunity to work collaboratively to improve professional development. But it is not easy; successful implementation of PAR requires commitment, time, resources, cooperation and flexibility from the teachers involved. In successful PAR projects teachers play a key role in the support, assistance and review of their colleagues. Everyone has to pull their weight for the program to be successful Teachers can look to existing program models, such as the California Peer Assistance and Review program to get some idea on how they can best start their own. Those who have experienced it emphasize that PAR models should only be used as reference tools, not as fixed templates, which could hinder the development and implementation of plans tailored to meet individual schools and students needs and goals. Learn more about PAR Applications are now being accepted on our website for this year’s application period (January 15 – April 15, 2013). Please apply early as the number of applications which may be submitted is limited. - 175 Academic Enrichment applications - 75 Teacher Development applications - 50 Scholarship applications You can learn more about McCarthey Dressman Education Foundation’s 2012-2013 Grant Recipients here. Here’s to another year of enriching and inspiring both learners and educators! For more information, visit https://mccartheydressman.org/ When student publishing and mentoring come together, student engagement and writing skills explode! When students write for an authentic audience, research has shown that they take more pride in their work. Throughout a student’s school life, they are writing stories, book reports, research reports, “What I Did Last Summer,” etc., but it is often for a very small audience, perhaps just the teacher. This is not to say that this writing is not important in the learning process. However, it becomes a different kind of writing project when you are actually writing for a real audience and writing for a real purpose. According to Anne Rodier, “Over time we have discovered that our students are just like us: They have to grow into being writers. They have to believe that what they have to say is important enough to bother writing. They have to experience writing for real audiences before they will know that writing can bring power.” In this blog you will learn about an innovative program called BOOM! How are mentoring and literacy combined in an after-school program? BOOM! is an after-school program and literary magazine produced by students at Manual High School in Denver, Colorado for their fellow students and their community. The mission of BOOM! is to develop the writing skills of students in a positive, mentoring environment that equips them for success in high school and beyond. Two afternoons a week BOOM! writers work with community volunteers (many whom are professional writers) who tutor them as they write articles and fictional stories. The students sign contracts with their volunteers to ensure their attendance and timely completion of their articles. They also work with professional graphic designers to design the 30-page publication. A few of the article categories include: The Pulse of Manual, What’s Good in the Hood, We Got Game, and Creative Fiction. BOOM!’s program and its one-on-one mentoring help kids of all abilities, from extremely talented to barely literate writers. The program focuses on three key areas which support students in: - expressing themselves - improving writing abilities - gaining confidence and life skills The program was funded by McCarthey Dressman Educational Foundation and is a collaboration between the school and the Volunteers of America Community-Connect office at Manual with a goal of having students write about their school and their community which culminates in a professional publication. What is the impact of an after-school literary magazine project? Over the past three years that BOOM! has been operating, the program has mentored 30 students, produced 11 publications and reached more than 4,000 student and community readers. BOOM! is not only improving literacy, it is making a difference in students’ lives. Mentors serve as role models and often remain close to the students after they have exited the program. Teachers see the program as another tool in assisting students in becoming writers and successful in school. And, as students see their name in print, it makes them proud and allows them to see themselves as authors and to find writing to be an outlet for their creativity. It is no small surprise that all graduating BOOM! students have been accepted into universities. This makes combining literacy and mentoring an excellent model of a collaborative program between a school and a community organization. What do the participants say? Some quotes from BOOM! students, teachers and principal at Manual High School: - We don’t have people to help us in the classroom. There’s one teacher and 26 students. But here it’s more like 7 mentors and 10 kids. They help you make sure you are writing the correct way and going outside what you normally can do. I find now I can go more in depth with analysis in class when we read books. My grades have gone up in my English classes and I feel more confident. It’s helped me create better personal essays for college scholarships. Even though you might think BOOM! is about writing, it’s about being able to express yourself and have someone help you along the way to express yourself. – Ronnie - I joined BOOM! to get involved and meet new people. I see now that I’m in college how it helped me become a better writer. From all the interviews I did, I feel confident talking with new people, meeting new people and having very professional conversations with them. I feel comfortable writing longer college essays. – Dani - BOOM! was the major factor that got Dani to college. She went from a passive student to taking an active interest in her future. – Manual teacher - BOOM! offers students the individual attention and instruction they need. – Manual teacher - We have to find a way to get this program to reach more students! – Manual principal To learn more about BOOM! and the strategies highlighted in this project, visit these resources. - How do visual arts, science and literature come together for student engagement and success? This month’s blog presents Valuing Place: A study of human impact on the American West an 8th grade integrated studies project that explores the impact of human activity on the American West’s ecosystems. What is integrated studies? Integrated studies connects two or more disciplines, showing ideas in context and giving students a more realistic view of how one works in the real world. Teaching this way promotes: - critical thinking - an in-depth understanding of the areas being studied For support developing an integrated studies approach visit the Edutopia website. What can integrated studies look like for 8th grade students? The project Valuing Place is a collaboration between science, humanities and visual arts teachers at the Salt Lake Arts Academy. Through this project teachers have designed a cohesive curriculum that unifies the facts, skills, goals, and knowledge found within their core standards. By designing a collaborative unit the teachers have created a powerful learning model for future integrated curriculum. These powerful learning activities included standards-based connections to each content area: - In the humanities, students read works of fiction and non-fiction, including primary sources about the settlement of the American West and Utah. - In science, the standards addressed the theme of “change” and students were asked to analyze the influence humans have had on the environment. Students studied the geological forces that created the geography of the American West and its natural resources and eco-systems. Through experiments and fieldwork students studied how human activity, along the Wasatch front, positively or negatively impacted the local eco-systems. - In visual arts, students were taught photography, basic drawing and watercolor techniques. Additionally they analyzed old photographs and artwork of the American West and Utah. Students created original products that showed a deep understanding of the complex issues as a result of western expansion and how those issues remain relevant to the present as well as to the future way of life for Utah. The Valuing Place project helped students demonstrate: - increased proficiency in narrative, expository and informational writing - targeted visual arts techniques - multiple perspectives about how human activity has impacted their local eco-systems over time. During Year One of McCarthey Dressman funding, students looked into the changes in the past 150 years to the Wasatch front, and the impact of mining on local eco-systems. In Year Two of the project, the students looked into the water and the impact of expanding development in the 20th century, the Central Utah Project and reliance on the Colorado River system. In Year Three the issues and costs of future expansion, green building guidelines, alternative energy sources and conservation were studied. What is the impact of integrated studies? In closing, this is an excellent example of how education should work, now and in the future. Instead of learning in discreet, separate subjects, the disciplines are taught in a more integrated manner. Students are studying real problems, understanding the content at a deep level, working in teams and producing products they can be proud of and that are shared with a larger audience. Next Month’s Topic BOOM Magazine – an after school program that helps kids of all abilities, from extremely talented to inexperienced writers, express themselves, improve writing abilities, and gain confidence and life skills.

Type of Activity: Icebreaker, Conflict Prevention, Bullying Prevention Props Needed: None Group Size: 2–100 Directions: Divide your group into pairs. Begin this activity by letting participants know that you will give them a relationship role to play for the upcoming interaction. Have the pairs stand about 15 feet apart from one another. Have them determine which partner will be the ”greeter” and which partner will play out the “role.” Each interaction is approximately 20–30 seconds in duration. Then announce the first interaction. Ask your group to greet another person in the room AS IF you are: - best friends or long-lost friends Let this interaction go on for 20–30 seconds. Afterwards, briefly process what happened in this interaction, what some of the feelings were, and the general mood of the interaction. Then proceed with another role. Here are some examples of other roles you could use: - college roommates - someone you have had a conflict with at work - your boss - someone you don’t hang out with normally - your teacher - the author of your favorite book - a friend you had a conflict with - someone you saw being a bully on the playground - the President of the United States - a classmate/colleague you are intimidated by - a famous musician - someone who does not speak English (or the dominant language of the group) - a favorite actor or actress - someone interviewing for a job You can come up with as many different AS IF scenarios as you wish. This is a great follow-up activity to the Handshakes activity. When introducing this exercise, tell the group that there may be periods of uncomfortable interaction, or there may be periods of joy, anger, or frustration. You will find that the way people greet one another is open to an incredible amount of interpretation. For example, just about everyone greets their best friend with a hug or a handshake, and it typically involves some shouting and a lot of asking "what’s up?" However, a greeting between someone you saw bully someone else can vary greatly. Some people will confront the behavior, while others will ignore it. By the time we see folks introducing themselves to the President, we observe many different approaches ... some are thrilled, others are rude, and some pretend to be violent. My response is "really?" That is REALLY how you would great the President? My comments following this activity are always the same, and they typically go something like this: "Would you agree that everyone we greeted today is human? Is it safe to say that all humans deserve the same respect in terms of being polite to one another? This activity provides examples of how our attitude and belief systems affect our ability to be respectful of one another. Does that make sense?" Also, allowing the participants to practice how to greet someone they have had a conflict with can be good experience for the future. Have the pairs greet one another as they normally would when they are in a conflict with someone. Then have them practice a second time how they would like to greet someone they are in a conflict with. Sometimes practicing a desired behavior in an uncomfortable situation can help in a later instance when a conflict arises. - What did you notice? - Who was uncomfortable with some of the early “as if” situations? - What about the later introductions? - What did you notice about non-verbal body language with the different roles? - How did your attitude change during the exercise? - Would you agree that everyone we “greeted” today is human? Is it safe to say that all humans deserve the same respect in terms of being polite to one another? For original write up purchase "Setting the Conflict Compass" by Cummings & Anderson. Material in this Online Games Database is copyrighted. Copyright © Training Wheels or by the author who submitted the activity. Permission needed to copy or reproduce.

Pruning to Promote Strong Structure Developing a preventive pruning program requires that managers be familiar with the techniques of structural pruning. Structural pruning should be practiced for the first 15 to 25 years of a tree’s life. This is the amount of time required to establish strong structure in the canopy and will help to make the tree more resistant to storm damage (Figure 8). In structural pruning, reduction and removal cuts are used to slow the growth of large or rapidly growing branches that compete with the leader. This encourages the one stem you chose as the leader to grow faster. The next step in developing a preventive pruning program is to determine the pruning cycle and pruning dose. A pruning cycle is the interval of time between each pruning event. The interval is affected by many factors. For instance, trees coming from a nursery with sound pruning practices will have a better structure to start out with than trees coming from a nursery with poor pruning practices. These low quality trees may require more pruning at a higher interval than the high quality trees. Pruning cycles are also affected by growth rate, climate and species. In warm climates where trees grow faster, the intervals between pruning events should be shorter. Species that are prone to decay should also be pruned more often so that the need to make large cuts can be avoided. A typical pruning cycle for an active, preventive urban forestry pruning program in Florida is about three years. If the pruning cycle is too long, defects may become more severe. This results in having to make large pruning cuts, which can initiate pockets of decay in the trunk and branches. A pruning cycle of 3-5 years will require a higher pruning dose to achieve pruning objectives. Conversely, a pruning cycle of 1-2 years will require a smaller dose. Regular tree maintenance can mean a world of difference when it comes to tree strength during a storm. Preventative pruning to thin the top of the tree – the canopy – reduces wind resistance and in turn, the force that can damage branches or even the trunk of the tree. In addition, pruning removes dead branches that can break easily, causing damage to the tree and the surrounding landscapes. Strong branches are better able to withstand high winds. Both the size of a branch and the size of its attachment to the rest of the tree determine its strength, so careful evaluation is needed to determine which branches may need to be removed or reinforced by cabling and bracing. Protecting the root system of the tree is important, too. A wide mulch ring around the base of the tree removes the need to use lawn mowing equipment close to the roots of the tree, minimizing damage, and also allows water and nutrients to drain down through the soil to the roots. In addition to the excessive forces that come with storms in the form of high winds, lightning is also a concern with summer storms. Lightning will strike anything that provides a good path for the electrical charge to travel from the storm cloud to the ground, including trees. Installing lightning protection systems in valuable trees can help prevent damage. Your arborist may recommend a lightning protection system for your landscape trees that directs electrical forces down a series of wires and into the ground, away from the tree itself. Watch for Cavities An open cavity in a tree’s trunk, just like in a person’s mouth, creates a weak spot in the entire structure. A tree with strong, healthy wood is more likely to survive destructive, stormy weather.

Amounts of money may be written in several different ways. Cents may be written with the ¢ sign and dollars can be written with the dollar sign ($). Subtracting money that is expressed in these forms just involves subtracting the amounts and placing the proper sign on the answer. Often money is written as a decimal with dollars to the left of the decimal point and cents to the right of the decimal point. Twenty-three dollars and eighty-seven cents is written $23.87. Decimal money amounts are subtracted the same way that decimals are subtracted. Remember to put the $ sign before the answer. Subtracting Decimals is just like subtracting other numbers. Always line up the decimal points when subtracting decimals. Remember to put the decimal point in the proper place in your answer.

It out ranks the pizza just a little-in my opinion and i LIKE their pizza. There was a group of athletes who passed the line and said they'd called for a reservation. A great summer salad. The strawberries were large, fresh and good and they had a crock of coated PECANS and FETA cheese. Careers:: Andover The Pizza Ranch location you have chosen may or may not be hiring at this time. It was all fresh and good! Refer friends, get paid! Great customer service. Could have used someone to clean tables. Polite and efficient staff. Cannot be combined with other offers. But you have to have your card with you to get your $5 discount. Cloud Municipal Airport, American Restaurants for Families in Andover, American Restaurants for Lunch in Andover. Make it your own! Could have used someone to clean tables. Single - 8oz. Food is amazing. Description: Join us at Pizza Ranch in Andover for a legendary experience. Even though there usually is pizza already made that we can enjoy. Finally my daughter saw the manager and talked to him. Good food, service, and atmosphere. The buffet food is well stocked and hot. One evening I suggested we go together since I...hadn't tried their chicken. Pizza was god with several different options to chhoose from. 48 reviews #1 of 1 Quick Bite in Andover $$ - $$$ Quick Bites American Pizza. People around us started piling dishes on an empty table that had been vacated.More, First visit to this location. Select from three crust sizes and thicknesses, three sauce choices, over 20 individual toppings (meat and vegetable), and pizza toppers. We encourage you to submit an application online to be considered for current and future openings. They were trying to be efficient, but they should have been washing tables! We were able to find a table away from the screaming and whiny kids, but were constantly being interrupted in our conversation by servers who kept asking us if they could take a plate from our table. Even though there usually is pizza already made that we can enjoy. Claimed. For the month of December 2020, you can get a deal on Bake @ Home pizza. Should not have to carry cards around, that’s so outdated. Baked/fried chicken was wonder find. So he agreed to get another person to ring. I believe. Just plain vanilla, no sauces, no sprinkles. Our NEW ooey-gooey Chocolate Chip Cookie is the tasty treat you have to try to believe. Drink is included in buffet pricing. Pizza Ranch Andover, MN. Finally my daughter saw the manager and talked to him. Put on some other music or just shut it off. The new Chocolate Chip Cookie is also available for carryout and delivery (where available) for only $4.99 for a limited time! Pizza Ranch. We're serving up savory pizza, crispy chicken, and crowd-pleasing Cactus Bread on the buffet every day-all we're missing is you! With a variety of crusts, sauces and toppings, Pizza Ranch has legendary pizzas that'll tempt your taste buds. He said they had made a reservation. If you are a resident of another country or region, please select the appropriate version of Tripadvisor for your country or region in the drop-down menu. the manager said they'd get their tables ready and the girl starts ringing them up one by one, and ignoring the people who had been waiting. Similar jobs pay $10.41 - $18.89. Pizza and chicken are good for a buffet setting. The chicken is fabulous. The chicken was great as well as all of the pizzas we tried. Reviews from Pizza Ranch employees about Pizza Ranch culture, salaries, benefits, work-life balance, management, job security, and more. But it definitely is a little on the pricey side. Extremely OVERPRICED for what we ate! We're serving up savory pizza, crispy chicken, and crowd-pleasing Cactus Bread on the buffet every day-all we're missing is you! Can't stop in? Frustrating not happy. We encourage you to submit an application online to be considered for current and future openings. Half the customers were not were their masks. Pizza Ranch Andover Menu - View the Menu for Pizza Ranch Twin Cities on Zomato for Delivery, Dine-out or Takeaway, Pizza Ranch menu and prices. Combine that with mashed potatoes and gravy plus salad bar and other items and you quickly learn it’s more than pizza and it Is all good, This is the version of our website addressed to speakers of English in the United States. Whether it's through Community Impact Fundraising Events for the high school marching band, or selling our famous Cactus Bread at youth sporting events, we're proud to support Anoka … And now we have just the thing on our buffet to satisfy your sweet tooth! Curbside takeout order quick and ready when we arrived for pickup. I got to the chicken and it was not anything to "write home about"...I had 3 pieces and while it had the traditional crusty outside, the inside was lukewarm! State Arkansas Colorado Illinois Iowa Kansas Michigan Minnesota Missouri Montana Nebraska North Dakota South Dakota Wisconsin Wyoming The service was great from beginning to end. While everything was well stocked with what was available, there was still that odd smell lingering in the air.

Bose SoundLink Micro is a powerful portable Bluetooth Speaker for everyday use. This gadget is a must-have during sport activities, beach trips and camping trips, as it is equipped with tear-resistant strap, which can easily be pinned to the backpack, jacket, etc. Moreover, it will ensure great music quality. The device provides balanced and deep sound, all the basses are clear and strong. The charge lasts for up to 6 hours, while the distance of the compatibility with the phone is up to 30 feets. So, there is no need to carry your phone everywhere. On the body of the speakers you will find control buttons for adjusting sound, changing tracks and even connecting Siri, Google Assistant or Amazon echo Dot. The device is water-resistant up to IPX7 standards, which means that you will never have to worry about it.

"This doctor's office is amazing, the staff and doctors all really care about you and your family. They listen to your concerns and provide the help needed, the ..." "If you are looking for a new family doctor you will not be disappointed with Apple Valley. Dr John and Dr Elizabeth Gardner are excellent physicians. They show ..." Champion Eye Ctr is a General Surgery specialist in Asheville, NC. This doctor matches your preferences for Specialty. ABC Pediatrics of Asheville: Love Scott MD is board certified in General Surgery and has 20 years of experience. This doctor matches your preferences for Specialty. Carol A. Long, MD is board certified in General Surgery. This doctor matches your preferences for Specialty. "The assistant who got me ready for the exam was a gem and so was the very nice lady at the desk, I couldn't be happier with them. ..." "I went to Grace for routine OB care mostly because they had a good reputation and they list themselves as a Christian doctors office. Wish I had never ..." "I love Dr. Paschall and all the other doctors at ABC! They are the nicest, easiest to talk to group of people to deal with. Dr. Paschall trusts ..." "I totally disagree with the last comment!!! I is not the front desk fault that a patient has to wait for their ultra sound. The ultra sound is ..." "I also had Laser Hair Removal at Grace at the age of 28. I am now 35 and its been 7 years and I am still amazed that ..."

The first single from Vendhu Thanindhathu Kaadu has been released. Titled Kaalathukkum Nee Venum, the song is sung by Silambarasan TR and Rakshita Suresh. Thamarai has penned the lyrics and AR Rahman has composed the melodious track. The song video features the lead pair, Silambarasan and Siddhi Idnani. Vendhu Thanindhathu Kaadu directed by Gautham Vasudev Menon is an action-thriller that tells the story of street thugs in Mumbai. The film marks the director's fourth collaboration with Silambarasan. They have earlier worked together in films Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa, and Achcham Yenbadhu Madamaiyada. Scripted by B Jeyamohan, the film also stars Raadhika Sarathkumar, Siddique, and Aangelina Abraham. Siddhartha Nuni is the cinematographer and Gautham Menon's regular collaborator Antony is editing the film. Vendhu Thanindhathu Kaadu is produced by Ishari K Ganesh of Vels Film International.

The North Charleston Police Department and a local chaplain agency have invited the Billy Graham Rapid Response Team (RRT) to North Charleston to help support the community after several recent losses. On Thursday, 31-year-old North Charleston Police Officer Ryan MacCluen was driving his motorcycle during his time off when a car hit and killed him. That same day, another officer was in a bad accident. While on-duty, Officer Brandon VanAusdal and his K-9 partner, Mojo, were reporting to a call when an SUV pulled out in front of them. Officer VanAusdal is in critical condition, and Mojo died. The drivers who allegedly caused both accidents are suspected of driving under the influence. In addition, a North Charleston Police Department employee in the communications center recently passed away unexpectedly. “It’s been one tragedy after another in the past two weeks,” said crisis-trained chaplain Jeff Naber. The team has sent two chaplains, who are both retired law enforcement officers with decades of experience, to be with those who are hurting. “We’ve developed a strong relationship with law enforcement agencies throughout the country, specifically in North Carolina and South Carolina,” Naber said. “Essentially, Charleston is in our backyard. We want to take extra care of the people there.” From the recent law enforcement shootings in Richardson, Texas; Westerville, Ohio; and York County, South Carolina; to the school shooting in Parkland, Florida, the Rapid Response Team has been offering emotional and spiritual care to those in need across the country. Additionally, the Billy Graham chaplains were in Charleston just two years ago in response to the Emmanuel A.M.E. church shooting. Naber says the chaplains will offer a ministry of presence to the community, particularly to officers, first responders and their spouses. “I would ask people to pray for the officers reporting today, tomorrow and in the weeks to come for duty and roll call,” Naber said. “It will be obvious someone is missing.” I am so sorry for your loss. My condolences and may God continue to bless all of the families that’s been through this tragic accident. So deeply sorry and may He also continue to bless you always. Amen 🙏🏼 Praise God from whom all blessings flow. Only He can bring calm into the midst of chaos. Thank you for your loving dedication to our Redeemer Jesus Christ, and His Holy Gospel. The Lord IS our Shepherd! RIP Billy Graham, for a true man of God, I’m certain he’s with the Lord now! I want your family & friends to know y’all are in my prayers & as God says”Those who mourn shall be comforted.” Deixo minha gratidão a Deus pela vida exemplar desse guerreiro Billy Graham. Quando prego a palavra, sempre deixo o exemplo de Billy Graham. Tenho alegria em saber que vamos nos encontrar no céu. Minha família e eu temos muito amor por evangelista Billy Graham e por sua família pelo excelente trabalho para o reino de DEUS. Ele está com JESUS agora!!! Somos gratos ao Senhor pela vida dele!!.

The end of World War One World War One finally came to an end with the German surrender and the signing of the armistice on November 11, 1918. Peace was welcomed after 4 years of hell in trench warfare and the death of 10 million young soldiers. This was the first time that the horrors of modern warfare was witnessed and continues to be commemorated to this day with a 2 minute silence at the eleventh minute, of the eleventh hour, of the eleventh month every year. The horrors of the war was conveyed in a great deal of literature. For example, Wifred Owen’s Dulce et Decorum est and Erich Maria Remarque’s All Quiet on the Western Front. The conference was attended by many nations, but Germany was left out. The Germans were not allowed to be a part of the peace negotiations. The Conference was lead by ‘The Big Three’ or in other words Prime Minister Lloyd George of Britain, President Woodrow Wilson of the USA and Premier Georges Clemenceau of France. The three men had very different agendas. Woodrow Wilson wanted a just peace and drew up Fourteen Points which he believed should be implemented. He did not believe that Germany should be punished. He also thought that the Great War was so bad that no nation could be considered the victor. He hoped to ensure that something like this never happened again. By contrast, Georges Clemenceau wanted a harsh peace. He wanted to make Germany pay. The French desire to crush Germany was based on the fact that the war had taken place on French soil and a history of Germany invading France (1870-71). This was a sentiment that Wilson couldn’t understand having joined the war in 1917; in fact, he even refused to see the battle field. Lloyd George held the middle ground. He felt compelled to impose somewhat of a harsh peace due to public opinion at home which was shaped by anti-German war propaganda. Nevertheless, he saw Germany as a valuable economic trading partner. He knew that crushing Germany would cost the rest of Europe as well. As a result, the Treaty of Versailles was a flawed agreement that fulfilled no one’s objectives. None of ‘The Big Three’ got what they wanted and the many small nations that came in search of self determination didn’t find it either. Most of all, Germany received a shockingly harsh treaty that wasn’t based on Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points as expected. The Terms of the Treaty - Article 231: The War Guilt Clause- this clause stated that Germany had imposed the war upon the allies and was therefore to blame for the destruction and death. - Reparations: Thus, as Germany was held responsible for the war, Germany was expected to compensate by paying a huge reparations sum of $32 billion. - Alsace-Lorraine, a territory that Germany took from France in 1871, was returned to the French. - France took control of the coal-rich Saarland for 15 years, after which a plebiscite would be held to decide the fate of the region. - Germany lost all of her colonies, which then became mandates of the League of Nations. But in reality they became British and French colonies as they took control of these mandates. - All the land that Germany gained from Russia through the Brest- Litovsk Treaty of 1918 was confiscated. In this process, Poland was recreated and Germany was separated from East Prussia by the Polish Corridor. Danzig became a free city.Germany lost Upper Silesia, Memel and Schleswig. - German navy was to be handed over to Britain. - Germany was forbidden from having an airforce. - The German army was to be reduced to a size of 100,000 and the Rhineland was demilitarized. - Anschluss was forbidden- Germany was not allowed to unite with Austria. In the cartoon above, the child is crying because the child is the future generation (Class of 1940) that will fight in World War Two. This is the reaction to the Treaty of Versailles as represented by 'The Big Three' in the illustration because Versailles was ultimately the cause the Second World War and therefore not a successful peace settlement. The German Reaction Germany was outraged by the Treaty of Versailles. The German people felt that they weren’t entirely to blame for the war and that they too had suffered because of the war. Didn’t they need to rebuild their nation as well? How were they supposed to do this with an additional reparations amount of $32 billion, which they estimated would take 80 years to pay off? On a side note, the Germans recently made their final reparations payment in September, 2010. At the time, in protest Germany sank its navy rather than hand it over to the British. The protest continued for the next 20 years. Violation of the Morton Kaplan’s Rules of Balance of Power There are many reasons why the Treaty of Versailles was, essentially, a failure. One way of looking at why it failed is that it did not implement the Balance of Power idea established by the Vienna Congress of 1815. In fact, it seems to violate Morton Kaplan’s Rules of Balance of Power. The Balance of Power before World War One was already very delicate. The atmosphere of politics in Europe, in particular relations between Britain and Germany was already extremely tense. It was so tense that the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungry in Sarajevo by a Serb called Gavrilo Princip could trigger a World War, due a chain reaction through the alliance systems. - All states act to increase capabilities but negotiate rather than fight. - All states fight rather than pass up an opportunity to increase their capabilities. - All states stop fighting rather than eliminate an essential state. - All states act to oppose any coalition or single state which tends to assume a position of predominance within the system. - All states act to constrain states who subscribe to supranational organizing principles. - All states permit defeated or constrained essential national states to re-enter the system as acceptable role partners or to pact to bring some previously inessential state within the essential state classification. Treat all essential states as acceptable role partners. From: Morton A. Kaplan, System and Process in International Politics (New York, 1957).” The Treaty of Versailles did not involve all states increasing their negotiating efforts as Germany was excluded from the conference and simply presented with a treaty they had no choice but to sign. Although, the Treaty of Versailles did stop the fighting, some would say that it did not do it to stop the elimination of an essential state. It seemed to further the elimination of German in some sense. For instance, the Treaty of Versailles created the League of Nations. Germany was quite significantly left out of the League of Nations up till 1926 and the Soviet Union up till 1934. Some might argue that point four was applied in World War One, but then again one must remember that there were many other causes for the war as well. France wanted revenge for the humiliation that Germany caused in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71. Britain was in an arms race with Germany and did not want to see Germany triumph. All states did not oppose Germany simply to preserve the balance of power. For example, Japan and Italy were persuaded by Britain and France to join the war with the promise that they would gain territory. Point 6 was definitely not implemented by the Treaty of Versailles. However, it did begin to take place during the Stresemann years, a period of prosperity in Germany. John Maynard Keynes "On 5 October 1918 the German government addressed a brief Note to the President accepting the Fourteen Points and asking for peace negotiations. The President's reply of 8 October asked if he was to understand definitely that the German government accepted 'the terms laid down' in the Fourteen Points and in his subsequent addresses and 'that its object in entering into discussion would be only to agree upon the practical details of their application.' He added that the evacuation of invaded territory must be a prior condition of an armistice. On 12 October the German Government returned an unconditional affirmative to these questions; 'its object in entering into discussions would be only to agree upon practical details of the application of these terms'." From the statement above it seems as if the Germans were tricked as the Treaty of Versailles was not at all based on Wilson's Fourteen Points. Modern Day Comparisons There seems to be a strong theme of powerful countries taking advantage of other nations which are threatening. Britain and France being the more powerful nations as they were the so called victors of the war used the War Guilt Clause to justify reparations payment that they used to pay off their own war debts. This was very hypocritical as the British and French too were to blame for the war and had caused a great deal of death and destruction. Today, the USA expects China to let its currency appreciate when the USA itself is letting the dollar depreciate to make its exports cheaper. The hypocrisy continues disguised in the language of justice and fairness.

Learn what role medical debt plays in driving health inequity – and how providers can help close the gaps. Millions of adults in the U.S. struggle to bear the weight of soaring health care costs. A June 2022 survey from Gallup showed that nearly 40% of Americans — an estimated 98 million people — had delayed or skipped healthcare treatments, cut back on regular household expenses, or borrowed money in the previous six months due to high costs of medical care. People are also carrying higher amounts of medical debt. According to a KFF poll, 50% of American adults report being in debt due to medical or dental bills in the last five years. But the burden can be heavier for disadvantaged populations. Why is medical debt considered a social determinant of health (sdoh) — and how does it drive health inequity? Evidence shows that higher wealth correlates with better health. A study of individuals in the U.S. and England showed that in both countries, men and women tended to live eight to nine more disability-free years after age 50 than their counterparts in lower income brackets. Numerous studies show an inverse relationship between carrying personal debt and overall health. People in debt have an elevated risk of hypertension and other chronic diseases. Symptoms of depression have also been linked to debt, with higher debt leading to increased symptoms and vice versa. As the highest contributor to personal debt, medical debt can directly affect an individual’s health and well-being. Debt can also prevent people from building savings, pursuing careers and education, and participating in activities that offer social connection or a chance to de-stress. Even worse, debt could force people to forgo basic necessities. A KFF survey showed that in the past five years, 63% of adults with healthcare debt cut back spending on food, clothing, and essential household items. High costs can also lead people to defer or avoid seeking healthcare altogether. According to Gallup, 26% of adults delayed or avoided medical care or purchasing prescription drugs in the six months prior to the survey due to higher healthcare prices. In lower-income households — those making less than $24,000 — that number rises to 43%. Putting off preventive care or treatment until symptoms are too severe to ignore can exacerbate symptoms and worsen conditions, ultimately costing people more money and driving them further into debt. Which groups are most at risk for medical debt? Medical debt disproportionately affects people living with disabilities, lower-income households, people of color, and other disadvantaged groups. A report from the Urban Institute evaluated counties with the highest rates of medical debt. The report revealed these shared factors in the top 10 counties: - Higher rates of uninsured people - An average household income lower than the national average - Higher prevalence of chronic conditions than the national average - Higher percentage of Black or Hispanic residents compared to the national average in most of the 10 counties A study from JAMA showed that average medical debt was typically highest in the South and in lower-income communities, specifically in states that did not participate in the Affordable Care Act’s Medicaid expansion program. While cutting costs to afford healthcare is shared across all socioeconomic statuses, the KFF survey revealed a great divide between lower and higher income brackets. Seventy percent of households earning less than $40,000 said they cut expenses compared to 51% of those earning over $90,000. People in lower income brackets were also more likely to take drastic measures to afford medical care. More than 50% of households with income less than $40,000 said they used all or most of their savings due to their debt, compared to 37% of households making more than $90,000. This loss of savings further strains already financially disadvantaged households, leaving them more vulnerable to future expenses. People of color Racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare affordability and access are well documented. According to a KFF poll, 56% of Black and 50% of Hispanic adults have medical or dental debt, compared to 37% of White adults. People of color are also more likely to be uninsured. Additionally, nearly 30% of Black adults and 21% of Hispanic adults said they wouldn’t be able to afford quality healthcare if they needed it compared to 16% of White adults. People with disabilities or chronic health conditions People who have significant health needs may require ongoing care, which can lead to higher debt. Adults living with a disability are more likely to owe more than $250 in medical debt than those without a disability. People with sizable medical debt are also more likely to rate their health status as “fair” or “poor.” Chronic conditions or severe illnesses can financially devastate a household. According to a survey from the American Cancer Society Cancer Action Network (ACS CAN), 54% of patients and survivors were unprepared to pay for their care. Fifty-three percent of surveyed patients carrying cancer-related medical debt saw it go into collections. And nearly a quarter of respondents had total debt of more than $10,000. How providers can ease the pain Hospitals and other healthcare providers can’t solve the medical debt crisis alone, but they can take steps to ease some of the financial burden that disadvantaged groups face. Improve financial solutions and repayment programs Providers should assess their current patient payment options, looking for opportunities to expand access and create patient-friendly repayment plans. The right fintech solution can provide flexible, interest-free payment plans for all patients regardless of their credit profile. Those most in need of financial assistance can get access to an affordable plan that fits their unique situation. Providers can eliminate debt collection efforts from the patient experience and yet improve their collection rates and accelerate cash flow—a win-win situation. Leverage data mining to identify patients who are at risk for medical debt Hospitals and health systems should proactively determine which patients may struggle to pay medical bills and where inequities may exist. By identifying patients eligible for financial assistance or other repayment programs, data-driven solutions can help prevent financial repercussions for patients and ensure providers don’t end up carrying the cost burden. Help patients make informed decisions Clinicians and the patient’s care team can help patients understand their healthcare costs and out-of-pocket expectations before receiving care. Provide education and training to make cost-of-care conversations a routine part of the care process. When done effectively, these conversations can alert care teams to patient eligibility for financial assistance or repayment options that best fit their needs. Medical debt is a critical social determinant of health that continues to strain patients, contributing to worsening health disparities. However, healthcare providers can take steps to help close these gaps without hurting revenue cycle management. Greater equity is achievable with a thoughtful, strategic approach. A patient affordability solution like PayZen is a key place to start, offering personalized and flexible payment options that help patients get the care they need at a cost they can afford.

The function of unidirectional conduction and gluing fixation can solve the connection problems of some tiny wires that the previous connectors could not handle. Anisotropic conductive film (acf) is a special kind of coating and bonding between the substrate a and the substrate b, and the current can only flow through the vertical axis z direction between the substrate a and b. Coating substance. Conduction principle: Use conductive particles to connect the electrodes between the IC chip and the substrate to make them conductive. At the same time, it can avoid the conduction and short circuit between two adjacent electrodes, and achieve the purpose of conducting only in the Z-axis direction. Main composition: It mainly includes two parts: resin adhesive and conductive particles. The resin adhesive functions in addition to moisture prevention, heat resistance and insulation functions, mainly to fix the relative position of the electrode between the IC chip and the substrate, and provide a pressing force to maintain the contact area between the electrode and the conductive particles. Generally, resins are divided into two categories: thermoplastic resins and thermosetting resins. Thermoplastic materials mainly have the advantages of low temperature bonding, quick assembly and easy rework, but they also have the shortcomings of high thermal expansion and high moisture absorption, which make them prone to deterioration at high temperatures and cannot meet the requirements of reliability and reliability. Thermosetting resins such as epoxy and polyimide have the advantages of high temperature stability and low thermal expansion and hygroscopicity. However, the disadvantages of high processing temperature and difficulty in rework, but the advantages of high reliability are still present. The most widely used materials. In terms of conductive particles, the conductive properties of anisotropic particles mainly depend on the filling rate of conductive particles. Although the conductivity of the anisotropic conductive adhesive will increase with the increase of the filling rate of the conductive particles, it will also increase the probability of the conductive particles contacting each other and causing a short circuit. In addition, the particle size distribution and uniformity of the conductive particles will also have an impact on the conductivity characteristics of the anisotropic.

The Mall Starer I wanted to share something that happened to me over 10 years ago, back when I was 13, that seemed like it might be appropriate for this subreddit. It still bothers me when I think back on it because I have no explanation for it. Five of my friends and I were spending the evening after school at the mall just walking around and hanging out. We were in a department store checking out the graphic tees being rowdy and obnoxious when one friend pointed something out. There was a man standing behind some of the clothes racks about 100 feet away that was looking at us. We all looked at him and he continued looking at us, never moving. All we could see was his head and upper chest. When he didn't do anything we start yelling out to him asking what he wanted and what was he looking at. Our mocking and joking had us all laughing, but then something unexpected happened. Without any of us seeing it, the man was suddenly less than half the distance away from us than he just was. He was only about 30 feet away now. We all went silent. No way could he have ran that quickly in the blink of an eye. It was as if he just teleported. He continued staring at us, never moving an inch, never blinking. I had a better view of him now. He was wearing jeans and a heavy brown jacket despite it being close to summer and already hot. He kept his hands in his jacket pockets. He looked to be in his mid thirties. Light skin. Clean shaven. Medium length light brown hair parted in the middle. He would have been totally normal looking if not for his unsettling, piercing gaze. His hazel eyes were open very wide and they looked straight through us. The rest of his face was expressionless. The only other person nearby which was a woman who was shopping must have noticed the oddness of our sudden silence and looked over. She saw the man staring at us and quickly ran over next to us yelling at him asking what he was doing. Still, he kept staring and never moved. The woman told him to leave us alone and the rest of us started speaking out as well, calling him a weirdo and pervert and such. At this point I figured he would give up and run away, but I was wrong. Once again the unexpected happened. In the middle of our calling out, he moved. He quickly removed his hands from his pockets and starting walking toward us with an aggressive stride, stepping around the clothing racks trying to get to us. His face still as emotionless as ever. All at once we instinctively turned around and ran. We ran as fast as we could out of the store, the woman included. We went straight to the service desk and told the woman there that there was a creepy man in the store. We blurted our whole story and she had a look like she had just seen a ghost. She immediately grabbed the phone and called security, and then called the police. When she was done she told us that we weren't the first ones that have reported this man. Apparently they get a report about him once every couple of years on average and it had been going on for over a decade. The police came and searched the whole store, but of course never found anything. I told my parents about it, but they didn't seem to believe me much after I mentioned his teleportation-like movement. I have no idea who or what that guy was. I still sometimes see his eyes when I try to sleep. I don't imagine that I'll ever be able to forget it. Although I stayed away for a while, I have been back to that mall regularly. To this day I haven't seen or heard anything a about that man again, but I still won't walk through the mall alone. The only other thing that happened that I think might be related was about a year later. It was a big story in our local news. Something startled people in the mall, reports said that it was started by other people running out, and it caused a chain reaction that made everyone in the mall stampede outside. There was security footage of people running out, although they were never able to find anyone that could say what or who exactly started it, but I have my own guess.

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<issue_start><issue_comment>Title: Allow php 8 username_0: <issue_comment>username_1: @username_0 Thanks for the contribution. Looks like the build is not working on travis. Could you make sure the build is green. Once that is done, we can merge. https://travis-ci.org/github/Cron/Cron/jobs/752869465 <issue_comment>username_0: @username_1 Done. I had to drop php 7.1 and symfony/process prior 4.0. The last one i guess related to older symfony issue https://travis-ci.org/github/Cron/Cron/jobs/753520825 Maybe also drop hhvm, as it not compatible with php anymore? <issue_comment>username_1: @username_0 Thanks for the fix. Merged and tagged 1.5.0

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Yeah, I’m going through some group therapy sessions now, and there’s two guys that talk A LOT! And when it comes around to me, I’ll say some stuff and the group “leader” (therapist? And then it’s just silent. And if no one says anything then I just stop. I’ll only continue once. But sometimes someone will ask a question and I’ll answer it. But I’ve noticed that he does that with a lot of the quieter people in the group. It’s pretty interesting.

On a “good day” your body by weight is at least 60 – 70% water! Roughly two-thirds of the water is in your cells, it also keeps joints and eyes lubricated and acts as a protective cushion for tissues and cells. Pure water has a neutral pH of 7. By the time a person feels thirsty, his or her body has lost over 1% of its total water amount. It is recommended that you consume 8 – 10 200ml glasses of plain water per day, this will fluctuate depending on your activity levels. Drinking water can help you lose weight by increasing your metabolism, which helps burn calories faster. Did you know you could be carrying as much as 4.5-6.8kg of excess water weight right now in your body, trapped in your tissues! HEALTH BENEFITS OF DRINKING WATER HELPS MAXIMIZE PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE If you don’t stay hydrated, your physical performance can suffer. This is particularly important during intense exercise or high heat. Dehydration can have a noticeable effect if you lose as little as 2% of your body’s water content. However, it isn’t uncommon for athletes to lose as much as 6–10% of their water weight via sweat. WATER SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECTS ENERGY LEVELS AND BRAIN FUNCTION Your brain is strongly influenced by your hydration status. Studies show that even mild dehydration, such as the loss of 1–3% of body weight, can impair many aspects of brain function. WATER MAY HELP PREVENT AND TREAT HEADACHES Dehydration can trigger headaches and migraine in some individuals. Research has shown that a headache is one of the most common symptoms of dehydration. For example, a study in 393 people found that 40% of the participants experienced a headache as a result of dehydration. MAY HELP RELIEVE CONSTIPATION Constipation is a common problem that’s characterized by infrequent bowel movements and difficulty passing stool. Increasing fluid intake is often recommended as a part of the treatment protocol, and there’s some evidence to back this up. MAY HELP TREAT KIDNEY STONES Urinary stones are painful clumps of mineral crystal that form in the urinary system. The most common form is kidney stones, which form in the kidneys. Higher fluid intake increases the volume of urine passing through the kidneys. This dilutes the concentration of minerals, so they’re less likely to crystallize and form clumps. HELPS PREVENT HANGOVERS A hangover refers to the unpleasant symptoms experienced after drinking alcohol. Alcohol is a diuretic, so it makes you lose more water than you take in. This can lead to dehydration. Although dehydration isn’t the main cause of hangovers, it can cause symptoms like thirst, fatigue, headache, and dry mouth. Good ways to reduce hangovers are to drink a glass of water between drinks and have at least one big glass of water before going to bed. CAN AID WEIGHT LOSS Drinking plenty of water can help you lose weight. This is because water can increase satiety and boost your metabolic rate. Some evidence suggests that increasing water intake can promote weight loss by slightly increasing your metabolism, which can increase the number of calories you burn daily. The timing is important too. Drinking water half an hour before meals is the most effective. It can make you feel fuller so that you eat fewer calories. WHEN IS FAT NOT FAT IN YOUR DIET? Additional water in the body contributes to abdominal bloating, cellulite and puffiness in the face and eyes – this is known as “false fat”. Waterlogged tissues can result from: - Not drinking enough - Not eating enough - Sensitivities to certain - Hormonal fluctuations -e.g., the menstrual - Nutrients & antioxidant Looking at the top two on the above list, it seems a little crazy that these would cause the tissues in our bodies to become waterlogged! CONSUMING TOO LITTLE WATER Your kidneys need water to flush waste from your body, so if you don’t drink enough water your kidneys will store water. Your lymphatic system will dramatically slow down. This system of organs, tissues and miniscule channels filter cellular waste and other foreign particles. When you have a sluggish lymphatic system, it will no longer carry the waste materials away, therefore the waste accumulates in your fat cells and may cause cellulite, especially in women. CONSUMING TOO LITTLE PROTEIN If you remove protein-rich food from your diet, it may contribute to water retention. Protein plays a vital role in tissue growth and healing, strengthening your immune system and burning fat. It has hydrophilic (water-loving) properties which impact on water retention. Protein circulating in your blood helps to control the water levels both between and inside your cells as well as within your veins and arteries by attracting water molecules. When your blood filters through your kidneys, the excess water is removed and excreted. When you are deficient in protein, fluid will seep out from your vascular spaces and fill the spaces between your cells. It then becomes trapped, resulting in water retention, bloating, cellulite, and water weight gain. THE BOTTOM LINE Even mild dehydration can affect you mentally and physically. Make sure that you get enough water each day, whether your personal goal is 64 ounces (1.9 litres) or a different amount. It’s one of the best things you can do for your overall health.