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RickBrannan

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{ "label": 1, "text": "Only 2.1% of the 28,599 nouns in the New Testament are in the vocative case." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "The vocative of direct address is the most frequent use of the vocative case." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "The vocative case can also be used to express emotion or emphasis." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "The particle ὦ is used when the vocative case is used to add additional emphasis or emotion to the basic function of direct address." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Example of ὦ + vocative to add an emotional emphasis." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Note: The emotional emphasis can be difficult to reflect in a translation." }

{ "label": 0, "text": "The exclaimation mark is used in this example to reflect the emotion." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Example of ὦ + vocative to add emphasis." }

{ "label": 0, "text": "Note: The emphasis is lost in the English text." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Adjectives can have three degrees, called positive (e.g., good), comparative (e.g., better) and superlative (e.g., best)." }

{ "label": 0, "text": "These compounds should not be considered merely as the sum of the component terms." }

{ "label": 0, "text": "Rather, they should be considered as a single grammatical entity with its own range of meanings which may or may not be different than the individual component terms." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "There are two conditional particles, εἰ and ἐάν, usually translated if, which introduce a condition which must be met for a consequence or conclusion to follow." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "A \"subordinating conjunction\" connects two phrases, clauses, or sentences that are NOT equally salient within a portion of text." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "The second phrase, clause, or sentence is logically dependent in some way on the initial phrase, clause, or sentence." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Koiné Greek contains many conjunctions, but the two most common conjunctions in the New Testament are και (\"and, also\") and δε (\"but, and\")." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Sometimes in Koiné Greek conjunctions are combined with other words (called \"krasis\") to form compound terms." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "These are not the same as compound conjunctions." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Conjunctions in Koiné Greek can appear as stand-alone words or be combined with other words to form a compound term." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "A compound conjunction is formed from two separate conjunctions that appear together at the beginning of a sentence." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Conjunctions can express any of the following connective relationships." }

{ "label": 0, "text": "This is not a complete list, but it represents the major categories of meaning for conjunctions in Koiné Greek." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "These conjunctions are often to connect phrases that, logically, are equally salient to the text." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "In the above sentence, the word \"and\" is a coordinating conjunction." }

{ "label": 0, "text": "It indicates that the speaker has the same level of preference for apples and bananas." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "In the above sentence, the word \"so\" is a coordinating conjunction." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "It indicates the reason/result relationship between the first clause (\"John went to the store\") and the second clause (\"his wife visited her friend\")." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Both clauses are of equal salience to the text." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "A \"correlative conjunction\" is a conjunctive particle used with a correlative adverb to join together two different words, phrases, or clauses." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "These conjunctions are often to connect phrases that, logically, are NOT equally salient to the text." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "In the above sentence, the word \"because\" is a subordinating conjunction." }

{ "label": 0, "text": "It indicates the reason why the speaker likes apples." }

{ "label": 0, "text": "It does NOT indicate why apples are juicy." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "The second clause (\"they are juicy\") is NOT as logically salient to the text as the first clause (\"I like apples\")." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "In the above sentence, the word \"until\" is a subordinating conjunction." }

{ "label": 0, "text": "It indicates how long John went to the store." }

{ "label": 0, "text": "It does NOT indicate how long the store stayed open." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "The second clause (\"it close\") is NOT as logically salient to the text as the first clause (\"John went to the store\")." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "In Koiné Greek, the definite article describes a noun by identifying it specifically in some way." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "The definite article contains the same standard word endings as an adjective." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Much like a typical adjective, the definite article describes a noun but includes a much wider range of functions than a typical adjective." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "The definite article is the most common kind of determiner in Koiné Greek." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Demonstrative determiners indicate a specific object or thing by means of a verbal gesture." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "The words \"this\" and \"that\" are demonstrative determiners." }

{ "label": 0, "text": "They indicate which basket is wanted." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "A \"near\" demonstrative determiner indicates something near the speaker." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "A \"far\" demonstrative determiner indicates something at a distance from the speaker." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "In the examples above, the word \"this\" is a \"near\" demonstrative determiner." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "The word \"that\" is a \"far\" demonstrative determiner." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "However, sometimes \"near\" and \"far\" demonstrative determiners do not necessarily indicate distance from the speaker." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Sometimes a speaker uses both a \"near\" and a \"far\" demonstrative determiner to indicate two different items that are the same distance." }

{ "label": 0, "text": "Consider the example above." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "In cases like this, the \"near\" and \"far\" demonstrative determiners may not indicate distance." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "The \"near\" and \"far\" demonstrative determiners may be a way a simply distinguishing the basket that is wanted from the basket that is not wanted." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "This is a very common use of demonstrative determiners." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "A \"demonstrative determiner\" is a demonstrative pronoun that functions as an adjective within a sentence." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Some common different determiners in Koiné Greek include αλλος, ετερος, μονος, and some instances of ιδιος." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "A \"differential determiner\" is an adjective that distinguishes one thing from another thing within a sentence." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "An \"interrogative determiner\" introduces a question that identifies or quantifies something in a sentence." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "All cardinal numerals in Koiné Greek are considered numeral determiners in this grammar." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "The word \"five\" is a numeral determiner." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "They say how many there are of a particular thing." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "All ordinal numerals in Koiné Greek are considered ordinal determiners in this grammar." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "The word \"second\" is an ordinal determiner." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "A \"possessive determiner\" is a personal pronoun that functions as a possessive adjective within a sentence." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Some common quantifying determiners in Koiné Greek include πας, ολος, and πολυς." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "A \"quantitative determiner\" expressses how much (or how many) of a thing is in view within a sentence." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Some common \"relative determiners\" include οσος, οιος, οποιος, and some instances of ος and τις." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "In Koiné Greek, determiners are words that describe another word in the same sentence." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Not all determiners are adjectives, but all determiners function like adjectives in a sentence." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "The most common determiner in Koiné Greek is the definite article." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Properly speaking, the definite article is not an adjective, but it mimics an adjective in both form and function." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Demonstrative pronouns are another common kind of determiner." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Within a sentence, a demonstrative pronouns can function like either a pronoun (to refer to something) or an adjective (to describe something)." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "When a demonstrative pronoun functions like a adjective, it is classified as a determiner in this grammar." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "In Koiné Greek, the definite article describes a noun by identifying it specifically in some way." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "The definite article contains the same standard word endings as an adjective." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Much like a typical adjective, the definite article describes a noun but includes a much wider range of functions than a typical adjective." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "The definite article must always agree in case, number and gender with the term it describes." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "The definite article can function in many different ways in Koiné Greek." }

{ "label": 0, "text": "It can indicate a category, rather than a specific person or item." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "The article can be used like a possessive pronoun." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "The article can be used like a relative pronoun." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "The article can be used with infinitives and indicate temporality." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "This is called the anaphoric (meaning \"refers to again\") use of the definite article." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "This is called the deictic (meaning \"pointing\") use of the definite article." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "The article can be used to indicate that a substantive is the very best (or worst) of its kind, or \"in a class by itself\"." }

{ "label": 0, "text": "This is called par excellence." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "The article can be used to indicate that a noun is unique or one of a kind." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "In the construction ὁ δέ or ὁ μὲν … ὁ δέ, the article indicates a change of subject and is used as a third person personal pronoun in the nominative (e.g., he, she, they)." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Similarly, in the construction ὁ μὲν … ὁ δέ when the article is nominative, a contrast is indicated between groups." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "If only the first of two singular nouns has the article, they are referring to the same person." }

{ "label": 0, "text": "Some passages where the Granville Sharp rule applies are theologically important and often debated." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "Demonstrative determiners indicate a specific object or thing by means of a verbal gesture." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "The words \"this\" and \"that\" are demonstrative determiners." }

{ "label": 0, "text": "They indicate which basket is wanted." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "A \"near\" demonstrative determiner indicates something near the speaker." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "A \"far\" demonstrative determiner indicates something at a distance from the speaker." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "In the examples above, the word \"this\" is a \"near\" demonstrative determiner." }

{ "label": 1, "text": "The word \"that\" is a \"far\" demonstrative determiner." }