version
stringclasses 1
value | data
dict |
---|---|
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "In these cases, often the object of the infinitive (with the direct object marker) will appear immediately following the infinitive."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "When the direct object marker takes a pronominal suffix, it can be distinguished from the preposition אֵת."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "The direct object marker will take a holem vowel without a daghesh in the taw consonant (see examples below)."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "When attached to the demonstrative particle הִנֵּה, a pronominal suffix can function as either the object of the particle or the subject of a verbal participle that immediately follows the particle."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "In these cases, the pronominal suffix functions as the object of the verbal action expressed by the demonstrative particle."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "Sometimes, a pronominal suffix attached to the particle הִנֵּה functions as the subject of a participle that immediately follows the particle."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "A verb is a word in a sentence that describes either an action by the subject of a sentence, or the subject itself."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "Therefore, the verb is often the most important word in understanding a sentence or a clause."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "A \"dynamic verb\" describes a subject performing an action."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 0,
"text": "The subject is doing something."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "An \"intransitive verb\" is a verb that does NOT require an object to receive the verbal action."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "A sentence with an intransitive verb is complete without an object."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "Dynamic verbs can be either transitive or intransitive, but stative verbs are always intransitive."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "A \"linking verb\" is a verb that either equates two nouns, or equates a noun and an adjective."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "A linking verb can be implied by the context in all three biblical languages: Biblical Hebrew, Biblical Aramaic, and Koiné Greek."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 0,
"text": "This is not the case in English, however."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "In English, linking verbs must be explicitly expressed."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "Therefore, in many sentences a linking verb must be supplied when translating the Bible into English."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "Properly speaking, \"non-finite verbs\" are verbal complements that require a finite verb to form a complete sentence."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "Rather than describing a specific action, a \"stative verb\" describes the subject's state of being (the way the subject is)."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 0,
"text": "The subject is not doing anything."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "A \"verb\" is the grammatical entity that describes the subject of a sentence."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "A verb can describe either an action that the subject performs or the state (or condition) of the subject."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "A transitive verb is a dynamic verb that requires an object that receives the verbal action."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "A sentence with a transitive verb is not complete without the object."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "Stative verbs are never transitive."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 0,
"text": "Grammarians often distinguish between different types of verbs."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 0,
"text": "When considering the best way to translate a sentence, it is helpful to understand what type of verb is being used in any given instance."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "In Biblical Hebrew, the root of a verb consists of three consonants, sometimes called the tri-literal (meaning \"three letters\") root."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "In \"strong\" verbs, the three root consonants always stay the same and are easy to recognize, but \"weak\" verbs have one or more consonants that disappear in certain forms."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "Generally speaking, changes in verb forms happen by adding prefixes/suffixes, by changing the vowels, or both."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "These changes in form show the stem formation of a verb with its conjugation, which includes the person (first, second, or third), the gender (masculine or feminine), the number (singular or plural), and sometimes the state (absolute or construct)."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "The person, gender, and number of a verb always agree with the subject."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "Unlike English (but similar to other languages like Spanish), verbs in Biblical Hebrew do not require a separate personal pronoun if the subject is not identified; this is because the form of the verb itself includes the subject."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "A pronominal suffix attached to a verb can function as its object."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "Their form shows tense as well as person and number."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "Biblical Hebrew has 7 finite verb forms: Perfect, Imperfect, Sequential Perfect, Sequential Imperfect, Imperative, Jussive, and Cohortative."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "The non-finite verb forms in Biblical Hebrew include the infinitive_absolute`, the :ref:`infinitive_construct`, and the participles (both :ref:`active and passive )."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "Non-finite verbs can sometimes describe an action or an event in such a way that the word functions like a noun ."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "Grammarians often distinguish between different types of verbs."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "When considering the best way to translate a sentence, it is helpful to understand what kind of verb is being used in any given instance."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "Dynamic verbs describe a subject performing an action."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 0,
"text": "The subject is doing something."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "Rather than describing a specific action, stative verbs describe the subject's state of being (the way the subject is)."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 0,
"text": "The subject is not doing anything."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "A transitive verb is a dynamic verb that requires an object that receives the verbal action."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "A sentence with a transitive verb is not complete without the object."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "Stative verbs are never transitive."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "The phrase \"And they lifted up\" is unclear without an object."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "The phrase \"[you must] keep\" is unclear without an object."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "An intransitive verb is a verb that does NOT require an object to receive the verbal action."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "A sentence with an intransitive verb is complete without an object."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "Dynamic verbs can be either transitive or intransitive, but stative verbs are always intransitive."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "Linking verbs are verbs that link two noun, or a noun and an adjective."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "Hebrew has very few linking verbs, so often a linking verb has to be supplied in English."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "Helping verbs are extra verbs that \"help\" express the meaning of the main verb."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "Biblical Hebrew does not use helping verbs, but English does."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "Often, it is necessary to supply a helping verb in English to express the meaning of a Hebrew verb."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "English uses helping verbs to express varying degrees of possiblity or desirability of verbs."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "This includes a vast range from strong possibility (He can do this or He would do this) to weak possibility (He might do this or He could do this) or from strong desirability (He should do this or Let him do this) to weak desirability (May he do this or He wants to do this)."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "In Biblical Hebrew, this sense of possibility or desirability is implied by the context and already present in the form of the verb itself."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "The cohortative form is used to express indirect commands and other similar actions with varying degrees of desirability as determined by the context."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "The Cohortative form looks very similar to the Imperfect but functions in a sentence more like an Imperative."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "Cohortative verbs appear only in first person forms."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 0,
"text": "The meaning is somewhere in the middle."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "Thus, the Cohortative verb functions as an indirect command; the reader must examine the context to determine the strength of desirability being expressed in each specific instance."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "An imperative verb is used to express direct commands, instructions, and other similar actions with varying degrees of desirability as determined by the context."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "In Biblical Hebrew, the Imperative form is used to express positive commands or instructions directed to another person(s)."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "Thus, Imperative verbs always appear only in the second person."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "The context must determine the nuanced meaning of each instance of an Imperative verb."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "Biblical Hebrew does not use the Imperative form to express negative commands."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "Rather, prohibitions are expressed either with the Imperfect (with particle_negative-lo`) or with a Jussive verb in the 2nd person (with :ref:`particle_negative-al`)."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "Occasionally, the Imperative form will appear with a :ref:`paragogic ה suffix; in these cases, the meaning of the ה suffix is unknown but probably functions to strengthen the force of the verb in some way."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "An Imperfect verb is used generally to indicate an action that is not complete, or an action that either occurs in the present or will occur in the future."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "However, an Imperfect verb can also be used to describe other kinds of actions."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "In Biblical Hebrew the Imperfect conjugation is used generally to describe actions that are not completed or actions that occur in the present or future."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "However, the Imperfect conjugation is also used to describe several other kinds of actions as determined by the context."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "These include frequentive or durative actions, negative commands, indirect commands, potential actions, and actions of greater or lesser desirability (similar to Jussive verbs and Cohortative verbs)."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "The normal Imperfect conjugation with the conjunction waw (וְ \"and\") as a prefix is different from the Sequential Imperfect, which utilizes a specialized form of the conjunction and contains a different meaning."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "Sometimes a verb with Imperfect conjugation occurs within a clause after another finite verb (as in Gen 49:27 below, supplying the linking verb to be)."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "In these cases, the context must determine whether the Imperfect verb is functioning as a non-finite verb to complement the preceding main verb, or whether it is functioning as a second main verb."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "These may be in past time, present time, future time, or without a specified time frame."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "A jussive verb is used to express indirect commands, direct negative commands limited by time, and other similar actions with varying degrees of desirability as determined by the context."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "The Jussive form looks very similar to the Imperfect but functions in the sentence more like an Imperative."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "Jussive verbs usually appear in third person forms."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 0,
"text": "The meaning is somewhere in the middle."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "Thus, the Jussive verb functions as an indirect command; the reader must examine the context to determine the strength of desirability being expressed in each specific instance."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "Biblical Hebrew does not use the Imperative form to express negative commands."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "Rather, negative commands are always expressed using either the Imperfect conjugation form or the Jussive form."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "In cases where the Jussive form is being used to express a negative command, the verb will appear in a 2nd person form rather than a 3rd person form."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "When used in this way, the Jussive form takes the negative particle :ref:`particle_negative-al` in nearly all instances."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "A Perfect verb usually expresses a completed action in the past."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "However, the Perfect conjugation can also be used to describe other kinds of actions."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "In Biblical Hebrew a Perfect verb is normally used to describe actions that have occurred in the past or actions that are seen as completed (even in present or future time)."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "However, the Perfect conjugation is also used to describe a variety of other kinds of actions."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "Thus, a Perfect verb has the potential to be translated with the past tense, the present tense, or even the future tense."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "The context must determine the proper meaning for each instance of a Perfect verb."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "When the conjunction waw (וְ \"and\") is added to the Perfect conjugation as a prefix, this can indicate either the Perfect copulative or the Sequential Perfect."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "The meaning of the verb is different in either case, and the context must be carefully considered to determine if it is a Perfect copulative verb or a Sequential Perfect verb."
} |
0.1.0 | {
"label": 1,
"text": "The Perfect conjugation can be translated as simple past action (\"he did\"), present completed action (\"he has done\"), or past completed action (\"he had done\")."
} |