Datasets:
RuiMao1988
/
VMC-P

Dataset card Viewer Files Community
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trn_1401
amm-fragment02
1687
These leaves have a length of 7–8 cm .
[]
[]
[]
these leave have a length of 7–8 cm .
[ "DT", "NNS", "VBP", "DT", "NN", "IN", "CD", "NNS", "." ]
[ "O", "NOUN", "VERB", "O", "NOUN", "O", "O", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1402
amm-fragment02
1688
56 Fossil root , Stigmaria ficoides , Carboniferous .
[]
[]
[]
56 fossil root , stigmaria ficoide , carboniferous .
[ "CD", "JJ", "NN", ",", "NNP", "VBZ", ",", "NNP", "." ]
[ "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O", "NOUN", "VERB", "O", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1403
amm-fragment02
1689
This root is preserved as an internal mould , in a tough sandstone .
[]
[]
[]
this root be preserve as an internal mould , in a tough sandstone .
[ "DT", "NN", "VBZ", "VBN", "IN", "DT", "JJ", "NN", ",", "IN", "DT", "JJ", "NN", "." ]
[ "O", "NOUN", "VERB", "VERB", "O", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O", "O", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1404
amm-fragment02
1691
The infilling sandstone is derived from the fossil soil over which the root was growing .
[]
[]
[]
the infille sandstone be derive from the fossil soil over which the root be grow .
[ "DT", "VBG", "NN", "VBZ", "VBN", "IN", "DT", "JJ", "NN", "IN", "WDT", "DT", "NN", "VBD", "VBG", "." ]
[ "O", "VERB", "NOUN", "VERB", "VERB", "O", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O", "O", "O", "NOUN", "VERB", "VERB", "O" ]
academic
trn_1405
amm-fragment02
1693
This specimen is 15 cm long , but roots have been found which attain a length of 14 metres !
[]
[]
[]
this speciman be 15 cm long , but root have be find which attain a length of 14 metre !
[ "DT", "NNS", "VBZ", "CD", "NNS", "JJ", ",", "CC", "NNS", "VBP", "VBN", "VBN", "WDT", "VBP", "DT", "NN", "IN", "CD", "NNS", "." ]
[ "O", "NOUN", "VERB", "O", "NOUN", "ADJ", "O", "O", "NOUN", "VERB", "VERB", "VERB", "O", "VERB", "O", "NOUN", "O", "O", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1406
amm-fragment02
1694
57 Leaf of a Carboniferous seedfern , Mariopteris muricata , Staffordshire , England .
[]
[]
[]
57 leaf of a carboniferous seedfern , mariopteris muricata , staffordshire , england .
[ "CD", "NNP", "IN", "DT", "JJ", "JJ", ",", "NNP", "NN", ",", "NNP", ",", "NNP", "." ]
[ "O", "NOUN", "O", "O", "ADJ", "ADJ", "O", "NOUN", "NOUN", "O", "NOUN", "O", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1407
amm-fragment02
1696
This is quite a common preservation in coal measures .
[]
[]
[]
this be quite a common preservation in coal measure .
[ "DT", "VBZ", "PDT", "DT", "JJ", "NN", "IN", "NN", "NNS", "." ]
[ "O", "VERB", "O", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O", "NOUN", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1408
amm-fragment02
1697
Microscopical details are not so well-preserved , and the fossil is , of course , only a fragment of a larger plant .
[]
[]
[]
microscopical detail be not so well-preserved , and the fossil be , of course , only a fragment of a large plant .
[ "JJ", "NNS", "VBP", "RB", "RB", "JJ", ",", "CC", "DT", "NN", "VBZ", ",", "IN", "NN", ",", "RB", "DT", "NN", "IN", "DT", "JJR", "NN", "." ]
[ "ADJ", "NOUN", "VERB", "ADV", "ADV", "ADJ", "O", "O", "O", "NOUN", "VERB", "O", "O", "NOUN", "O", "ADV", "O", "NOUN", "O", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1409
amm-fragment02
1698
The leaflets are attached to the axis along their entire base .
[]
[]
[]
the leaflet be attach to the axis along their entire base .
[ "DT", "NNS", "VBP", "VBN", "IN", "DT", "NN", "IN", "PRP$", "JJ", "NN", "." ]
[ "O", "NOUN", "VERB", "VERB", "O", "O", "NOUN", "O", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1410
amm-fragment02
1699
6 cm long .
[]
[]
[]
6 cm long .
[ "CD", "NNS", "JJ", "." ]
[ "O", "NOUN", "ADJ", "O" ]
academic
trn_1411
amm-fragment02
1702
The little circlets of flat ‘ leaves ’ born at regular intervals on the jointed stems serve to distinguish this plant from others in the Carboniferous coal-shales. 8 cm long .
[ [ 2 ], [ 14 ], [ 16 ] ]
[ "rings", "separate", "helped" ]
[ [ "circles", "adornments" ], [ "articulate", "supply", "fasten", "fit", "joint" ], [ "foster", "assist", "swear out", "answer", "service", "deliver", "spend", "copulate", "move", "suffice", "work", "process", "serve up", "satisfy", "dish", "attend", "dish up", "provide", "do", "effect", "function", "wait on", "attend to", "serve well", "dish out", "fulfil", "favor", "complete", "operate" ] ]
the little circlet of flat ' leave ' bear at regular interval on the jointed stem serve to distinguish this plant from other in the carboniferous coal-shales. 8 cm long .
[ "DT", "JJ", "NNS", "IN", "JJ", "``", "NNS", "''", "VBN", "IN", "JJ", "NNS", "IN", "DT", "JJ", "NNS", "VBP", "TO", "VB", "DT", "NN", "IN", "NNS", "IN", "DT", "JJ", "NN", "CD", "NNS", "JJ", "." ]
[ "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O", "ADJ", "O", "NOUN", "O", "VERB", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "VERB", "O", "VERB", "O", "NOUN", "O", "NOUN", "O", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O", "NOUN", "ADJ", "O" ]
academic
trn_1412
amm-fragment02
1703
59 A ‘ prefern ’ , Archaeopteris hibernica , Devonian , Kilkenny , Ireland .
[]
[]
[]
59 a ' prefern ' , archaeopteris hibernica , devonian , kilkenny , ireland .
[ "CD", "DT", "``", "JJ", "''", ",", "NNP", "NNP", ",", "NNP", ",", "NNP", ",", "NNP", "." ]
[ "O", "O", "O", "ADJ", "O", "O", "NOUN", "NOUN", "O", "NOUN", "O", "NOUN", "O", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1413
amm-fragment02
1704
A fern-like plant , beautifully preserved in a yellow sandstone .
[]
[]
[]
a fern-like plant , beautifully preserve in a yellow sandstone .
[ "DT", "JJ", "NN", ",", "RB", "VBN", "IN", "DT", "JJ", "NN", "." ]
[ "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O", "ADV", "VERB", "O", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1414
amm-fragment02
1705
The original material of the axis shows up black against the background of the rock .
[]
[]
[]
the original material of the axis show up black against the background of the rock .
[ "DT", "JJ", "NN", "IN", "DT", "NN", "VBZ", "RP", "RB", "IN", "DT", "NN", "IN", "DT", "NN", "." ]
[ "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O", "O", "NOUN", "VERB", "O", "ADV", "O", "O", "NOUN", "O", "O", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1415
amm-fragment02
1708
60 Fossil fern , Sphenopteris laurenti , Carboniferous , Derbyshire , England .
[]
[]
[]
60 fossil fern , sphenopteris laurenti , carboniferous , derbyshire , england .
[ "CD", "NNP", "NN", ",", "NNP", "NN", ",", "JJ", ",", "UH", ",", "NNP", "." ]
[ "O", "NOUN", "NOUN", "O", "NOUN", "NOUN", "O", "ADJ", "O", "O", "O", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1416
amm-fragment02
1709
The frond of this fossil fern is preserved as a compression on the surface of a fine-grained , mica-rich siltstone .
[]
[]
[]
the frond of this fossil fern be preserve as a compression on the surface of a fine-grained , mica-rich siltstone .
[ "DT", "NN", "IN", "DT", "NN", "NN", "VBZ", "VBN", "IN", "DT", "NN", "IN", "DT", "NN", "IN", "DT", "JJ", ",", "JJ", "NN", "." ]
[ "O", "NOUN", "O", "O", "NOUN", "NOUN", "VERB", "VERB", "O", "O", "NOUN", "O", "O", "NOUN", "O", "O", "ADJ", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1417
amm-fragment02
1710
Some of the original fine detail on the leaflets is preserved .
[]
[]
[]
some of the original fine detail on the leaflet be preserve .
[ "DT", "IN", "DT", "JJ", "JJ", "NN", "IN", "DT", "NNS", "VBZ", "VBN", "." ]
[ "O", "O", "O", "ADJ", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O", "O", "NOUN", "VERB", "VERB", "O" ]
academic
trn_1418
amm-fragment02
1711
Reproductive structures should really be found to distinguish it from other , superficially fern-like plants .
[]
[]
[]
reproductive structure should really be find to distinguish it from other , superficially fern-like plant .
[ "JJ", "NNS", "MD", "RB", "VB", "VBN", "TO", "VB", "PRP", "IN", "JJ", ",", "RB", "JJ", "NNS", "." ]
[ "ADJ", "NOUN", "O", "ADV", "VERB", "VERB", "O", "VERB", "O", "O", "ADJ", "O", "ADV", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1419
amm-fragment02
1712
This frond is 9 cm long .
[]
[]
[]
this frond be 9 cm long .
[ "DT", "NN", "VBZ", "CD", "NNS", "JJ", "." ]
[ "O", "NOUN", "VERB", "O", "NOUN", "ADJ", "O" ]
academic
trn_1420
amm-fragment02
1714
The leaf is excellently preserved on the flat bedding-plane of a limestone laid down under fresh water .
[]
[]
[]
the leaf be excellently preserve on the flat bedding-plane of a limestone lay down under fresh water .
[ "DT", "NN", "VBZ", "RB", "VBN", "IN", "DT", "JJ", "NN", "IN", "DT", "NN", "VBN", "RP", "IN", "JJ", "NN", "." ]
[ "O", "NOUN", "VERB", "ADV", "VERB", "O", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O", "O", "NOUN", "VERB", "O", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1421
amm-fragment02
1715
Poplar leaves have an elegant outline resembling that of an arab minaret .
[ [ 2 ], [ 4 ], [ 11 ] ]
[ "possess", "refined", "tower" ]
[ [ "take", "stimulate", "birth", "'ve got", "sleep together", "accept", "own", "feature", "take in", "ingest", "give", "give birth", "produce", "deliver", "induce", "direct", "undergo", "score", "interact", "receive", "bear", "get", "make", "cause", "suffer", "experience", "hold", "change", "consume", "throw", "sustain", "let", "home", "display", "feel", "observe", "consist", "posse", "situate", "drink", "enjoy", "organise", "watch", "provide", "define", "include", "retain", "find", "attain", "affect", "contain", "host", "think", "eat", "bring", "implement", "attempt", "see", "not be involve in", "be not involve in", "hide", "employ", "do", "coach", "house", "celebrate", "build", "endure", "play", "force", "are", "imagine", "should", "give brith" ], [ "graceful" ], [ "column", "spire", "minaret", "belfry", "chimney", "mast", "pinnacle", "spindle", "steeple", "sbelisk" ] ]
poplar leave have an elegant outline resemble that of an arab minaret .
[ "JJ", "NNS", "VBP", "DT", "JJ", "NN", "VBG", "DT", "IN", "DT", "JJ", "NN", "." ]
[ "ADJ", "NOUN", "VERB", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "VERB", "O", "O", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1422
amm-fragment02
1716
This species has a finely toothed margin ; a large , wide leaf born on a long stem .
[ [ 2 ] ]
[ "possess" ]
[ [ "takes", "stimulates", "birth", "has gots", "sleeps together", "accepts", "owns", "features", "takes in", "ingests", "gives", "gives birth", "produces", "delivers", "induces", "directs", "undergoes", "scores", "interacts", "receives", "bears", "gets", "makes", "causes", "suffers", "experiences", "holds", "changes", "consumes", "throws", "sustains", "lets", "home", "displays", "feels", "observes", "consists", "posse", "situates", "drinks", "enjoys", "organises", "watches", "provides", "defines", "includes", "retains", "finds", "attains", "affects", "contains", "hosts", "thinks", "eats", "brings", "implements", "attempts", "sees", "not be involve in", "be not involve in", "hides", "employs", "does", "coaches", "houses", "celebrates", "builds", "endures", "plays", "forces", "is", "imagines", "should", "give brith" ] ]
this specie have a finely toothe margin ; a large , wide leaf bear on a long stem .
[ "DT", "NNS", "VBZ", "DT", "RB", "VBN", "NN", ":", "DT", "JJ", ",", "JJ", "NN", "VBN", "IN", "DT", "JJ", "NN", "." ]
[ "O", "NOUN", "VERB", "O", "ADV", "VERB", "NOUN", "O", "O", "ADJ", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "VERB", "O", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1423
amm-fragment02
1717
This type of tree has a history extending back to the upper Cretaceous .
[ [ 4 ], [ 7 ] ]
[ "possesses", "dating" ]
[ [ "takes", "stimulates", "birth", "has gots", "sleeps together", "accepts", "owns", "features", "takes in", "ingests", "gives", "gives birth", "produces", "delivers", "induces", "directs", "undergoes", "scores", "interacts", "receives", "bears", "gets", "makes", "causes", "suffers", "experiences", "holds", "changes", "consumes", "throws", "sustains", "lets", "home", "displays", "feels", "observes", "consists", "posse", "situates", "drinks", "enjoys", "organises", "watches", "provides", "defines", "includes", "retains", "finds", "attains", "affects", "contains", "hosts", "thinks", "eats", "brings", "implements", "attempts", "sees", "not be involve in", "be not involve in", "hides", "employs", "does", "coaches", "houses", "celebrates", "builds", "endures", "plays", "forces", "is", "imagines", "should", "give brith" ], [ "going", "increasing", "change shape", "exserting", "being", "covering", "giving", "stretching forth", "galloping", "supplying", "tensing", "using", "holding out", "riding", "leading", "expanding", "lengthening", "carrying", "prolonging", "continuing", "widening", "broadening", "running", "straining", "passing", "straightening", "protracting", "stretching out", "unfolding", "putting out", "changing", "drawing out", "gesticulating", "reaching out", "offering", "poking out", "stretching", "including", "lengthy", "developing", "be more than" ] ]
this type of tree have a history extend back to the upper cretaceous .
[ "DT", "NN", "IN", "NN", "VBZ", "DT", "NN", "VBG", "RB", "IN", "DT", "JJ", "NNP", "." ]
[ "O", "NOUN", "O", "NOUN", "VERB", "O", "NOUN", "VERB", "ADV", "O", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1424
amm-fragment02
1719
62 Miocene maple seeds , Acer trilobatum .
[]
[]
[]
62 miocene maple seed , acer trilobatum .
[ "CD", "JJ", "NN", "NNS", ",", "NNP", "NN", "." ]
[ "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "NOUN", "O", "NOUN", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1425
amm-fragment02
1721
Seeds of Acer are rare compared with the leaves , which can be found in rocks dating back to the Cretaceous period .
[]
[]
[]
seed of acer be rare compare with the leave , which can be find in rock date back to the cretaceous period .
[ "NNS", "IN", "NNP", "VBP", "JJ", "VBN", "IN", "DT", "NNS", ",", "WDT", "MD", "VB", "VBN", "IN", "NNS", "VBG", "RB", "IN", "DT", "JJ", "NN", "." ]
[ "NOUN", "O", "NOUN", "VERB", "ADJ", "VERB", "O", "O", "NOUN", "O", "O", "O", "VERB", "VERB", "O", "NOUN", "VERB", "ADV", "O", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1426
amm-fragment02
1722
This is from the Oeningen , Switzerland .
[]
[]
[]
this be from the oeningen , switzerland .
[ "DT", "VBZ", "IN", "DT", "NNP", ",", "NNP", "." ]
[ "O", "VERB", "O", "O", "NOUN", "O", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1427
amm-fragment02
1724
63 Miocene maple leaf , Acer trilobatum .
[]
[]
[]
63 miocene maple leaf , acer trilobatum .
[ "CD", "JJ", "NN", "NN", ",", "NNP", "NN", "." ]
[ "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "NOUN", "O", "NOUN", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1428
amm-fragment02
1727
The leaf is divided into three parts with a broad central lobe ( finely toothed ) and two flanking lobes .
[]
[]
[]
the leaf be divide into three part with a broad central lobe ( finely toothe ) and two flanking lobe .
[ "DT", "NN", "VBZ", "VBN", "IN", "CD", "NNS", "IN", "DT", "JJ", "JJ", "NN", "-LRB-", "RB", "VBN", "-RRB-", "CC", "CD", "NN", "NNS", "." ]
[ "O", "NOUN", "VERB", "VERB", "O", "O", "NOUN", "O", "O", "ADJ", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O", "ADV", "VERB", "O", "O", "O", "NOUN", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1429
amm-fragment02
1728
Simple , distinct veining can also be seen .
[ [ 3 ] ]
[ "veins" ]
[ [ "fissures", "lines", "grooves", "streaks", "ribbons", "streaking", "furrows", "marbling", "ridges" ] ]
simple , distinct veining can also be see .
[ "JJ", ",", "JJ", "NN", "MD", "RB", "VB", "VBN", "." ]
[ "ADJ", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O", "ADV", "VERB", "VERB", "O" ]
academic
trn_1430
amm-fragment02
1729
The leaf is 10 cm long .
[]
[]
[]
the leaf be 10 cm long .
[ "DT", "NN", "VBZ", "CD", "NNS", "JJ", "." ]
[ "O", "NOUN", "VERB", "O", "NOUN", "ADJ", "O" ]
academic
trn_1431
amm-fragment02
1730
64 Fossil flower , Porana oeningensis , Miocene .
[]
[]
[]
64 fossil flower , porana oeningensis , miocene .
[ "CD", "JJ", "NN", ",", "NNP", "NN", ",", "NNP", "." ]
[ "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O", "NOUN", "NOUN", "O", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1432
amm-fragment02
1732
Fossil flowers are extremely rare because of their delicacy and because they are shortlived .
[]
[]
[]
fossil flower be extremely rare because of their delicacy and because they be shortlive .
[ "JJ", "NNS", "VBP", "RB", "JJ", "IN", "IN", "PRP$", "NN", "CC", "IN", "PRP", "VBP", "VBN", "." ]
[ "ADJ", "NOUN", "VERB", "ADV", "ADJ", "O", "O", "O", "NOUN", "O", "O", "O", "VERB", "VERB", "O" ]
academic
trn_1433
amm-fragment02
1733
These flowers have five oval petals , finely veined .
[ [ 2 ], [ 8 ] ]
[ "possesses", "grooved" ]
[ [ "take", "stimulate", "birth", "'ve got", "sleep together", "accept", "own", "feature", "take in", "ingest", "give", "give birth", "produce", "deliver", "induce", "direct", "undergo", "score", "interact", "receive", "bear", "get", "make", "cause", "suffer", "experience", "hold", "change", "consume", "throw", "sustain", "let", "home", "display", "feel", "observe", "consist", "posse", "situate", "drink", "enjoy", "organise", "watch", "provide", "define", "include", "retain", "find", "attain", "affect", "contain", "host", "think", "eat", "bring", "implement", "attempt", "see", "not be involve in", "be not involve in", "hide", "employ", "do", "coach", "house", "celebrate", "build", "endure", "play", "force", "are", "imagine", "should", "give brith" ], [ "mineral vein", "geological formation", "ribbed", "expressive style", "vena", "nervure", "vascular bundle", "venous blood vessel", "blood vessel", "nerved", "stained" ] ]
these flower have five oval petal , finely vein .
[ "DT", "NNS", "VBP", "CD", "NN", "NNS", ",", "RB", "VBN", "." ]
[ "O", "NOUN", "VERB", "O", "NOUN", "NOUN", "O", "ADV", "VERB", "O" ]
academic
trn_1434
amm-fragment02
1735
Diameter of the flowers is about 2 cm .
[]
[]
[]
diameter of the flower be about 2 cm .
[ "NN", "IN", "DT", "NNS", "VBZ", "RB", "CD", "NNS", "." ]
[ "NOUN", "O", "O", "NOUN", "VERB", "ADV", "O", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1435
amm-fragment02
1736
Giant-eyed living crustacean ( Cystosoma )
[]
[]
[]
giant-eyed living crustacean ( cystosoma )
[ "NNP", "NN", "NN", "-LRB-", "NNP", "-RRB-" ]
[ "NOUN", "NOUN", "NOUN", "O", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1436
amm-fragment02
1738
Most bottom-dwelling trilobites preferred to live at a particular water depth , or on a particular type of sea bottom ( mud , sand or lime ) .
[ [ 3 ] ]
[ "chose" ]
[ [ "favored", "paid", "promoted", "opted", "favoured", "liked" ] ]
most bottom-dwelling trilobite prefer to live at a particular water depth , or on a particular type of sea bottom ( mud , sand or lime ) .
[ "JJS", "NN", "VBZ", "VBN", "TO", "VB", "IN", "DT", "JJ", "NN", "NN", ",", "CC", "IN", "DT", "JJ", "NN", "IN", "NN", "NN", "-LRB-", "NN", ",", "NN", "CC", "NN", "-RRB-", "." ]
[ "ADJ", "NOUN", "VERB", "VERB", "O", "VERB", "O", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "NOUN", "O", "O", "O", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O", "NOUN", "NOUN", "O", "NOUN", "O", "NOUN", "O", "NOUN", "O", "O" ]
academic
trn_1437
amm-fragment02
1740
This has been proved in several places : in some arctic localities it is found with trilobites that lived at great depths in the muds of the Ordovician ocean , while in Canada the same species occurs mixed with the inhabitants of the shallow-water seas , where limestones were accumulating .
[ [ 14 ] ]
[ "identified" ]
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this have be prove in several place : in some arctic locality it be find with trilobite that live at great depth in the mud of the ordovician ocean , while in canada the same specie occur mixed with the inhabitant of the shallow-water sea , where limestone be accumulate .
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academic
trn_1438
amm-fragment02
1741
By the same token the free-swimming trilobite may be expected to have a very wide geographical distribution , for oceans would be no barrier to it .
[ [ 11 ], [ 23 ] ]
[ "possess", "boundary" ]
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by the same token the free-swimming trilobite may be expect to have a very wide geographical distribution , for ocean would be no barrier to it .
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academic
trn_1439
amm-fragment02
1743
So in this case the different sources of evidence all point in the same direction , whether derived from a detailed consideration of the way the trilobite is constructed , or by analogy with living animals with similar adaptations , or from the evidence of the rocks or the distribution of the fossils .
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so in this case the different source of evidence all point in the same direction , whether derive from a detailed consideration of the way the trilobite be construct , or by analogy with live animal with similar adaptation , or from the evidence of the rock or the distribution of the fossil .
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academic
trn_1440
amm-fragment02
1746
What did they eat , for example ?
[]
[]
[]
what do they eat , for example ?
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[ "O", "VERB", "O", "VERB", "O", "O", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1441
amm-fragment02
1748
So here there are only more or less likely speculations .
[]
[]
[]
so here there be only more or less likely speculation .
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academic
trn_1442
amm-fragment02
1749
Active swimmers in the surface waters of the present oceans are likely to feed directly on the plankton , and the trilobites may have had a method of harvesting large quantities of minute food .
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active swimmer in the surface water of the present ocean be likely to feed directly on the plankton , and the trilobite may have have a method of harvest large quantity of minute food .
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academic
trn_1443
amm-fragment02
1750
Or they may have been hunters after larger prey , in which case when appendages are eventually discovered they may prove to have adaptations for grasping and manipulating larger food .
[ [ 22 ] ]
[ "undergoing" ]
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or they may have be hunter after large prey , in which case when appendage be eventually discover they may prove to have adaptation for grasp and manipulate large food .
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academic
trn_1444
amm-fragment02
1753
The giant sauropod dinosaurs like Brachiosaurus were the largest land animals the world has seen they weighed more than 80 tonnes and present quite different problems in the interpretation of their life habits from the diminutive trilobites .
[ [ 14 ], [ 22 ], [ 32 ] ]
[ "inhabited", "indicate", "customs" ]
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the giant sauropod dinosaur like brachiosaurus be the large land animal the world have see they weigh more than 80 tonne and present quite different problem in the interpretation of their life habit from the diminutive trilobite .
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academic
trn_1445
amm-fragment02
1754
Such spectacular animals have obviously attracted much attention , and one might suppose that the problem of how they lived would have been satisfactorily solved long ago .
[]
[]
[]
such spectacular animal have obviously attract much attention , and one might suppose that the problem of how they live would have be satisfactorily solve long ago .
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academic
trn_1446
amm-fragment02
1755
Most of the popular books showing the Mesozoic giants in their natural setting portray them wallowing about in swamps flanked by deep vegetation , their bodies largely under water .
[ [ 5 ], [ 8 ] ]
[ "depicting", "large animals" ]
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most of the popular book show the mesozoic giant in their natural setting portray they wallow about in swamp flank by deep vegetation , their body largely under water .
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academic
trn_1447
amm-fragment02
1756
Surely an animal of this bulk , it was argued , must be partly supported by water , and their relatively inconsequential teeth must have been adapted for chewing on the kind of soft , luxuriant vegetation that flourishes in and around swamps .
[]
[]
[]
surely an animal of this bulk , it be argue , must be partly support by water , and their relatively inconsequential tooth must have be adapt for chew on the kind of soft , luxuriant vegetation that flourish in and around swamp .
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academic
trn_1448
amm-fragment02
1758
Recently the life habits of the giants have been looked at in a way that disproves most of these traditional notions .
[ [ 3 ], [ 6 ], [ 9, 10 ], [ 13 ], [ 15 ] ]
[ "customs", "large animals", "analysed", "manner", "contradicts" ]
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recently the life habit of the giant have be look at in a way that disprove most of these traditional notion .
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academic
trn_1449
amm-fragment02
1759
Consider the structure of their legs .
[ [ 2 ] ]
[ "form" ]
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consider the structure of their leg .
[ "VB", "DT", "NN", "IN", "PRP$", "NNS", "." ]
[ "VERB", "O", "NOUN", "O", "O", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1450
amm-fragment02
1760
The sauropods have relatively long , pillar-like legs , resembling those of the elephant , the largest living land animal , and may have been well adapted for supporting the huge bulk of the animal .
[ [ 6 ] ]
[ "strong" ]
[ [ "substantial", "monumental", "towering", "solid", "column-like", "stout", "columniform", "columnar", "stalwart" ] ]
the sauropod have relatively long , pillar-like leg , resemble those of the elephant , the large live land animal , and may have be well adapt for support the huge bulk of the animal .
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academic
trn_1451
amm-fragment02
1762
It is difficult to see how the compact feet of the sauropod could avoid becoming stuck fast in the soft , muddy bottom of a lake .
[ [ 4 ], [ 13 ] ]
[ "visualise", "refrain" ]
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it be difficult to see how the compact foot of the sauropod could avoid become stuck fast in the soft , muddy bottom of a lake .
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academic
trn_1452
amm-fragment02
1763
If the dinosaur did , after all , live on dry land , then the long neck could have usefully functioned to allow the animal to browse the high foliage of trees ( see p. 116 ) .
[ [ 22 ] ]
[ "permit" ]
[ [ "give up", "leave", "set aside", "accept", "give", "assign", "take into account", "countenance", "grant", "appropriate", "reserve", "earmark", "allow for", "discount", "provide", "calculate", "tolerate", "let", "admit", "yield", "aid", "broadcast" ] ]
if the dinosaur do , after all , live on dry land , then the long neck could have usefully function to allow the animal to browse the high foliage of tree ( see p. 116 ) .
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academic
trn_1453
amm-fragment02
1764
It has been suggested that an animal of the size of Brachiosaurus could not have breathed under water because of the pressure on the lungs .
[]
[]
[]
it have be suggest that an animal of the size of brachiosaurus could not have breathe under water because of the pressure on the lung .
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academic
trn_1454
amm-fragment02
1765
Their fossil remains seem to occur with other animals and plants , which are generally accepted as terrestrial .
[]
[]
[]
their fossil remain seem to occur with other animal and plant , which be generally accept as terrestrial .
[ "PRP$", "NN", "VBZ", "VBP", "TO", "VB", "IN", "JJ", "NNS", "CC", "NNS", ",", "WDT", "VBP", "RB", "VBN", "IN", "JJ", "." ]
[ "O", "NOUN", "VERB", "VERB", "O", "VERB", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O", "NOUN", "O", "O", "VERB", "ADV", "VERB", "O", "ADJ", "O" ]
academic
trn_1455
amm-fragment02
1766
There is even some evidence from the tracks they have left behind that Diplodocus and its allies moved about in herds .
[]
[]
[]
there be even some evidence from the track they have leave behind that diplodocus and its ally move about in herd .
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academic
trn_1456
amm-fragment02
1767
They may have been the gigantic reptilian analogue of the elephant , and it may be no coincidence that the elephant also has its nasal openings on top of the skull , with the nostrils in this case sited at the end of the trunk it has been suggested that some sauropods may have had a proboscis of some sort .
[ [ 38 ], [ 54 ] ]
[ "located", "possessed" ]
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they may have be the gigantic reptilian analogue of the elephant , and it may be no coincidence that the elephant also have its nasal opening on top of the skull , with the nostril in this case site at the end of the trunk it have be suggest that some sauropod may have have a proboscis of some sort .
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academic
trn_1457
amm-fragment02
1770
In the last few years a powerful controversy has arisen over whether the dinosaurs as a whole were cold-blooded , like all living reptiles ( and there is no doubt that dinosaurs were reptiles ) , or warm-blooded , resembling mammals in this respect .
[ [ 6 ], [ 9 ] ]
[ "compelling", "developed" ]
[ [ "muscular", "hefty", "sinewy", "knock-down", "herculean", "brawny", "potent", "effective", "influential", "authoritative", "strong", "mighty" ], [ "risen up", "travelled", "uprised", "lifted", "grown", "gotten up", "stood up", "spring up", "become", "moved up", "rebelled", "protested", "originated", "come up", "risen", "bob up", "happened", "gone up", "changed posture", "turned out", "appeared", "occurred" ] ]
in the last few year a powerful controversy have arise over whether the dinosaur as a whole be cold-blooded , like all living reptile ( and there be no doubt that dinosaur be reptile ) , or warm-bloode , resemble mammal in this respect .
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[ "O", "O", "ADJ", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "VERB", "VERB", "O", "O", "O", "NOUN", "O", "O", "NOUN", "VERB", "ADJ", "O", "O", "O", "NOUN", "NOUN", "O", "O", "O", "VERB", "O", "NOUN", "O", "NOUN", "VERB", "NOUN", "O", "O", "O", "VERB", "O", "VERB", "NOUN", "O", "O", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1458
amm-fragment02
1772
For this reason they can not cope with climates having greatly extended winters .
[ [ 6, 7 ], [ 9 ], [ 11 ] ]
[ "endure", "involving", "lengthy" ]
[ [ "make do", "grapple", "get by", "manage", "make out", "deal", "contend", "act" ], [ "being in possession of", "occupying", "having possession of", "commanding", "controlling", "holding", "owning", "retaining", "possessing" ], [ "gone", "increased", "change shape", "exserted", "been", "covered", "given", "stretched forth", "galloped", "supplied", "tensed", "used", "held out", "ridden", "led", "expanded", "lengthened", "carried", "prolonged", "continued", "widened", "broadened", "run", "strained", "passed", "straightened", "protract", "stretched out", "unfolded", "put out", "changed", "drawn out", "gesticulated", "reached out", "offered", "poked out", "stretched", "included", "dated", "developed", "be more than" ] ]
for this reason they can not cope with climate having greatly extend winter .
[ "IN", "DT", "NN", "PRP", "MD", "RB", "VB", "IN", "NNS", "VBG", "RB", "VBN", "NNS", "." ]
[ "O", "O", "NOUN", "O", "O", "ADV", "VERB", "O", "NOUN", "VERB", "ADV", "VERB", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1459
amm-fragment02
1774
The posture of many dinosaurs , and particularly the carnivorous theropod dinosaurs , was fully erect with the legs beneath the body , and unlike the sprawling legs of living reptiles ( see p. 116 ) .
[ [ 1 ] ]
[ "stance" ]
[ [ "military capability", "attitude", "military strength", "bearing", "position", "carriage", "capability", "bodily property", "strength", "military posture" ] ]
the posture of many dinosaur , and particularly the carnivorous theropod dinosaur , be fully erect with the leg beneath the body , and unlike the sprawl leg of living reptile ( see p. 116 ) .
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academic
trn_1460
amm-fragment02
1776
For any kind of prolonged activity , warm-bloodedness would have been a distinct advantage .
[]
[]
[]
for any kind of prolong activity , warm-bloodedness would have be a distinct advantage .
[ "IN", "DT", "NN", "IN", "VBN", "NN", ",", "NN", "MD", "VB", "VBN", "DT", "JJ", "NN", "." ]
[ "O", "O", "NOUN", "O", "VERB", "NOUN", "O", "NOUN", "O", "VERB", "VERB", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1461
amm-fragment02
1778
On the other Xhand it can be argued that the sauropods like Brachiosaurus were so large , and with a relatively small surface area through which to cool compared with their enormous volume , that their cooling rate could have been slow enough to allow them to sustain more continuous activity than smaller , living reptiles .
[ [ 0, 1, 2 ], [ 44 ], [ 49 ] ]
[ "furthermore", "permit", "uninterrupted" ]
[ [ "former", "early", "alternative" ], [ "give up", "leave", "set aside", "accept", "give", "assign", "take into account", "countenance", "grant", "appropriate", "reserve", "earmark", "allow for", "discount", "provide", "calculate", "tolerate", "let", "admit", "yield", "aid", "broadcast" ], [ "unbroken", "persistent", "constant", "unrelenting", "unceasing", "continuous" ] ]
on the other xhand it can be argue that the sauropod like brachiosaurus be so large , and with a relatively small surface area through which to cool compare with their enormous volume , that their cool rate could have be slow enough to allow they to sustain more continuous activity than small , living reptile .
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[ "O", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O", "O", "VERB", "VERB", "O", "O", "NOUN", "O", "NOUN", "VERB", "ADV", "ADJ", "O", "O", "O", "O", "ADV", "ADJ", "NOUN", "NOUN", "O", "O", "O", "VERB", "VERB", "O", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O", "O", "O", "VERB", "NOUN", "O", "VERB", "VERB", "ADJ", "ADV", "O", "VERB", "O", "O", "VERB", "ADV", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O", "ADJ", "O", "NOUN", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1462
amm-fragment02
1779
It has also been argued that the small mouths of the giants simply could not have downed enough food to support a warm-blooded metabolism , particularly plant food that needs a lot of processing before it becomes available as energy .
[ [ 11 ], [ 20 ] ]
[ "large animals", "maintain" ]
[ [ "hulks", "heavyweights", "goliaths", "animals", "imaginary being", "giant stars", "behemoths", "monsters", "titans", "important persons", "colossi", "stars", "enterprises", "whales", "anomalies", "large persons", "beasts" ], [ "fend for", "foster", "patronise", "plump for", "patronize", "corroborate", "defend", "keep going", "give", "permit", "confirm", "stand", "indorse", "stomach", "endorse", "argue", "plunk for", "approve", "underpin", "affirm", "hold up", "subscribe", "agree", "digest", "bear", "suffer", "brook", "back up", "stick out", "bear out", "back", "act", "endure", "hold", "match", "sustain", "patronage", "tolerate", "abide", "substantiate", "put up", "justify", "help", "assist", "aid" ] ]
it have also be argue that the small mouth of the giant simply could not have down enough food to support a warm-blooded metabolism , particularly plant food that need a lot of processing before it become available as energy .
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academic
trn_1463
amm-fragment02
1780
The armoured or plated dinosaurs include some species that seem too heavily burdened with protective armour to have been very active , but this does not necessarily mean that they had to be cold-blooded .
[ [ 1 ], [ 3 ], [ 15 ] ]
[ "strong", "shielded", "covering" ]
[ [ "armored", "armour", "equip", "armor" ], [ "dental appliance", "crustal plate", "flatware", "photographic plate", "based", "cut of beef", "crusted", "denture", "structured", "collection plate", "home base", "illustration", "structural member", "receptacle", "entree", "shelled", "scaled", "plateful", "home plate", "dental plate", "containerful", "sheeted", "homed", "anode", "coated" ], [ "military unit", "armor", "protective clothing" ] ]
the armoured or plate dinosaur include some specie that seem too heavily burden with protective armour to have be very active , but this do not necessarily mean that they have to be cold-blooded .
[ "DT", "JJ", "CC", "VBN", "NNS", "VBP", "DT", "NNS", "WDT", "VBP", "RB", "RB", "VBN", "IN", "JJ", "NN", "TO", "VB", "VBN", "RB", "JJ", ",", "CC", "DT", "VBZ", "RB", "RB", "VB", "IN", "PRP", "VBD", "TO", "VB", "JJ", "." ]
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academic
trn_1464
amm-fragment02
1782
One idea about the life habits of the dinosaur giants , published in Joc and Colette at the Natural History Museum in 1935
[ [ 5 ], [ 9 ] ]
[ "customs", "large animals" ]
[ [ "riding habits", "uses", "growths", "misuses", "substances abuses", "attires", "wonts", "drugs abuses", "usages", "addictions", "actions", "developments", "routines", "abuses" ], [ "hulks", "heavyweights", "goliaths", "animals", "imaginary being", "giant stars", "behemoths", "monsters", "titans", "important persons", "colossi", "stars", "enterprises", "whales", "anomalies", "large persons", "beasts" ] ]
one idea about the life habit of the dinosaur giant , publish in joc and colette at the natural history museum in 1935
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academic
trn_1465
amm-fragment02
1783
The warm-blooded supporters tend to ally themselves with the supporters of a theory about the relationships of the dinosaurs .
[ [ 3 ] ]
[ "likely" ]
[ [ "incline", "are given", "take care", "run", "lean", "are", "attend" ] ]
the warm-blooded supporter tend to ally themselves with the supporter of a theory about the relationship of the dinosaur .
[ "DT", "JJ", "NNS", "VBP", "TO", "VB", "PRP", "IN", "DT", "NNS", "IN", "DT", "NN", "IN", "DT", "NNS", "IN", "DT", "NNS", "." ]
[ "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "VERB", "O", "VERB", "O", "O", "O", "NOUN", "O", "O", "NOUN", "O", "O", "NOUN", "O", "O", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1466
amm-fragment02
1784
This is that the dinosaurs , or a close dinosaur relative , included the ancestors of the living birds .
[ [ 8 ] ]
[ "related" ]
[ [ "skinny", "cheeseparing", "near", "stuffy", "confining", "airless", "closemouthed", "nigh", "secretive", "unaired", "snug", "tight", "faithful", "tightlipped", "penny-pinching", "closelipped", "close-fitting", "slight", "intimate", "familiar" ] ]
this be that the dinosaur , or a close dinosaur relative , include the ancestor of the live bird .
[ "DT", "VBZ", "IN", "DT", "NNS", ",", "CC", "DT", "JJ", "NN", "NN", ",", "VBD", "DT", "NNS", "IN", "DT", "VBG", "NNS", "." ]
[ "O", "VERB", "O", "O", "NOUN", "O", "O", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "NOUN", "O", "VERB", "O", "NOUN", "O", "O", "VERB", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1467
amm-fragment02
1785
Some of the smaller , and most certainly highly active dinosaurs were about the size of a chicken , and there is more than a passing similarity between a running ostrich and the kind of reconstruction that shows fleet-footed , running dinosaurs .
[ [ 25 ], [ 35 ], [ 37 ] ]
[ "superficial", "interpretation", "represents" ]
[ [ "fading", "eliminating", "fleeting", "exhausting", "permitting", "leading", "happing", "give-up the ghost", "going on", "egest", "buying the farm", "glide by", "spending", "overstepping", "occurring", "throwing", "snuffing it", "cash in one's chips", "evanescing", "transferring", "disappearing", "returning", "passing away", "extending", "advancing", "going through", "lapsing", "passing on", "devolving", "authorising", "travelling", "coming about", "clearing", "putting across", "choking", "running", "passing off", "reaching", "ordaining", "perishing", "going along", "passing along", "happening", "croaking", "slide by", "evaluating", "elapsing", "exceeding", "making it", "going", "sinking", "making pass", "going across", "slipping by", "being", "falling out", "expiring", "surpassing", "popping off", "going by", "passing by", "changing state", "transcending", "overhauling", "dropping dead", "changing hands", "exiting", "letting", "blowing over", "communicating", "conveying", "succeeding", "authorizing", "giving", "going past", "guiding", "legislating", "topping", "slipping away", "falling", "excreting", "travelling by", "taking place", "moving", "drawing", "handing", "deceasing", "changing", "kicking the bucket", "dying", "turning over", "conk", "excelling", "overtaking", "relaying", "releasing", "transitory" ], [ "recall", "repair", "reconstructive memory", "Reconstruction Period" ], [ "expresses", "shews", "renders", "conveys", "exhibits", "designates", "shows", "race", "demos", "reads", "appears", "confirms", "presents", "proves", "registers", "leads", "picture", "establishes", "records", "bears witness", "informs", "evinces", "points", "shows up", "depicts", "ushers", "demonstrates", "evidences", "indicates", "testifies", "broadcasts", "substantiates", "tells", "implies", "illustrates", "displays" ] ]
some of the small , and most certainly highly active dinosaur be about the size of a chicken , and there be more than a pass similarity between a run ostrich and the kind of reconstruction that show fleet-footed , run dinosaur .
[ "DT", "IN", "DT", "JJR", ",", "CC", "RBS", "RB", "RB", "JJ", "NNS", "VBD", "IN", "DT", "NN", "IN", "DT", "NN", ",", "CC", "EX", "VBZ", "JJR", "IN", "DT", "VBG", "NN", "IN", "DT", "VBG", "NN", "CC", "DT", "NN", "IN", "NN", "WDT", "VBZ", "JJ", ",", "VBG", "NNS", "." ]
[ "O", "O", "O", "ADJ", "O", "O", "ADV", "ADV", "ADV", "ADJ", "NOUN", "VERB", "O", "O", "NOUN", "O", "O", "NOUN", "O", "O", "O", "VERB", "ADJ", "O", "O", "VERB", "NOUN", "O", "O", "VERB", "NOUN", "O", "O", "NOUN", "O", "NOUN", "O", "VERB", "ADJ", "O", "VERB", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1468
amm-fragment02
1786
The point is that birds themselves are warm-blooded , like mammals , and if birds and dinosaurs are as closely related as now seems likely , then it obviously increases the likelihood that the dinosaurs themselves may have been warm-blooded .
[ [ 1 ], [ 19 ] ]
[ "main meaning", "intimately" ]
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the point be that bird themselves be warm-bloode , like mammal , and if bird and dinosaur be as closely related as now seem likely , then it obviously increase the likelihood that the dinosaur themselves may have be warm-bloode .
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academic
trn_1469
amm-fragment02
1787
The pros and cons of this theory are the subject of much contentious debate by experts , but it would probably be correct to say that the greater number of specialists believe that at least the more bipedal of the dinosaurs , including small and large carnivores , were warm-blooded , active animals .
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the pro and con of this theory be the subject of much contentious debate by expert , but it would probably be correct to say that the great number of specialist believe that at least the more bipedal of the dinosaur , include small and large carnivore , be warm-bloode , active animal .
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academic
trn_1470
amm-fragment02
1788
A lot of the argument among the authorities on these animals is about the equivalence or otherwise of certain bones in dinosaurs and bird skeletons ( and particularly the Jurassic bird Archaeopteryx ) ; this makes for rather dry reading for the layman .
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a lot of the argument among the authority on these animal be about the equivalence or otherwise of certain bone in dinosaur and bird skeleton ( and particularly the jurassic bird archaeopteryx ) ; this make for rather dry reading for the layman .
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academic
trn_1471
amm-fragment02
1789
But the end-product is the accurate reconstruction of the Jurassic and Cretaceous terrestrial world , over which the dinosaurs were indisputably dominant .
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[ "final outcome", "authentic", "environment" ]
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but the end-product be the accurate reconstruction of the jurassic and cretaceous terrestrial world , over which the dinosaur be indisputably dominant .
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academic
trn_1472
as6-fragment01
2
Susanne MacGregor and Ben Pimlott
[]
[]
[]
susanne macgregor and ben pimlott
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[ "NOUN", "NOUN", "O", "NOUN", "NOUN" ]
academic
trn_1473
as6-fragment01
3
The essays in this book do not amount to a programme : but they are intended to provide a springboard for one .
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[ "equate", "beginning" ]
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the essay in this book do not amount to a programme : but they be intend to provide a springboard for one .
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academic
trn_1474
as6-fragment01
4
The aim is to analyse a problem which economic growth alone has failed to cure — and to consider possible new forms of public action .
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the aim be to analyse a problem which economic growth alone have fail to cure — and to consider possible new form of public action .
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academic
trn_1475
as6-fragment01
5
The biggest single difficulty in drawing attention to urban poverty is that it is not new , but simply — in some of its most worrying manifestations — getting worse .
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the big single difficulty in draw attention to urban poverty be that it be not new , but simply — in some of its most worrying manifestation — get bad .
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academic
trn_1476
as6-fragment01
6
Like the poor themselves , the inner city has long been with us .
[]
[]
[]
like the poor themselves , the inner city have long be with we .
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academic
trn_1477
as6-fragment01
7
Ever since the Industrial Revolution created a mass urban society , the conditions of the poorest city dwellers have given rise to anxiety among the better off .
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ever since the industrial revolution create a mass urban society , the condition of the poor city dweller have give rise to anxiety among the well off .
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academic
trn_1478
as6-fragment01
8
The inner city has been variously regarded as a cause for moral outrage , a threat to public order , or as a stain on the nation 's conscience .
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the inner city have be variously regard as a cause for moral outrage , a threat to public order , or as a stain on the nation 's conscience .
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academic
trn_1479
as6-fragment01
9
Meanwhile bad housing , bad sanitation , lack of education , and other perennial ills associated with overcrowding and poverty have been routinely denounced by political leaders and social reformers .
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[ "common" ]
[ [ "repeated", "recurrent", "main" ] ]
meanwhile bad housing , bad sanitation , lack of education , and other perennial ill associate with overcrowding and poverty have be routinely denounce by political leader and social reformer .
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academic
trn_1480
as6-fragment01
15
Evidence began to mount that much of the social welfare paternalism of the post-war period had created almost as many problems as it solved .
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evidence begin to mount that much of the social welfare paternalism of the post-war period have create almost as many problem as it solve .
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academic
trn_1481
as6-fragment01
16
Neither the Butler Education Act of 1944 , nor the introduction of comprehensive schools , prevented a high proportion of children from under-achieving .
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[ "large", "number", "failing" ]
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neither the butler education act of 1944 , nor the introduction of comprehensive school , prevent a high proportion of child from under-achieving .
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academic
trn_1482
as6-fragment01
20
As in the United States , so in Britain it was an outbreak of violence that dramatically brought the plight of the inner cities to public notice .
[ [ 16 ], [ 17 ] ]
[ "effectively", "attracted" ]
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as in the united states , so in britain it be an outbreak of violence that dramatically bring the plight of the inner city to public notice .
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academic
trn_1483
as6-fragment01
22
All were spontaneous outbursts : none , contrary to some claims , were politically inspired or orchestrated ( except in Northern Ireland where urban problems existed on a grander , more devastating scale , and where there was a unique heritage ) .
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all be spontaneous outburst : none , contrary to some claim , be politically inspire or orchestrated ( except in northern ireland where urban problem exist on a grander , more devastating scale , and where there be a unique heritage ) .
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academic
trn_1484
as6-fragment01
24
Unlike , however , the 1958 Notting Hill riots , few of those involved were immigrants — the vast majority were British born .
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[ [ "huge", "immense", "Brobdingnagian" ] ]
unlike , however , the 1958 notting hill riot , few of those involve be immigrant — the vast majority be british bear .
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academic
trn_1485
as6-fragment01
26
The problems , however , were not confined to violent upheavals of this kind .
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the problem , however , be not confine to violent upheaval of this kind .
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academic
trn_1486
as6-fragment01
27
Paul Harrison 's Inside the Inner City : Life under the Cutting Edge focused on Hackney , a London borough ranked among the worst off on any scale of urban deprivation ( Harrison , 1983 ) .
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paul harrison 's inside the inner city : life under the cutting edge focus on hackney , a london borough rank among the bad off on any scale of urban deprivation ( harrison , 1983 ) .
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academic
trn_1487
as6-fragment01
31
This necessitates , in turn , a far more numerous and ubiquitous police presence than in other kinds of area , far more frequent unpleasant contact with the public as potential suspects , and far greater opportunities for police misjudgment or abuse .
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this necessitate , in turn , a far more numerous and ubiquitous police presence than in other kind of area , far more frequent unpleasant contact with the public as potential suspect , and far great opportunity for police misjudgment or abuse .
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academic
trn_1488
as6-fragment01
32
The inevitable sufferers , of course , are the poor , of whom those who actually commit the offences that concern the police are a tiny minority and whom , indeed , it should be the purpose of the police to protect .
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the inevitable sufferer , of course , be the poor , of whom those who actually commit the offence that concern the police be a tiny minority and whom , indeed , it should be the purpose of the police to protect .
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academic
trn_1489
as6-fragment01
35
At the same time , the residents of the poorest areas have to suffer , in a way that is not true of those who live elsewhere , a growing fear of attack on themselves or their property .
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at the same time , the resident of the poor area have to suffer , in a way that be not true of those who live elsewhere , a grow fear of attack on themselves or their property .
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academic
trn_1490
as6-fragment01
36
Improved police methods might help , writes Harrison , to contain the problem .
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improved police method might help , write harrison , to contain the problem .
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academic
trn_1491
as6-fragment01
37
But , without other changes , the result is likely to be a ‘ society of barricaded self-defence , and a steady erosion of civil liberties ’ .
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but , without other change , the result be likely to be a ' society of barricade self-defence , and a steady erosion of civil liberty ' .
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academic
trn_1492
as6-fragment01
38
And he concludes , ‘ of all the warnings that the inner city has to offer for the direction British society is taking , this is perhaps the most sinister ’ .
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and he conclude , ' of all the warning that the inner city have to offer for the direction british society be take , this be perhaps the most sinister ' .
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academic
trn_1493
as6-fragment01
41
As a consequence an underclass was evolving — football hooligans , muggers , inner city rioters — somewhat more frightening than their Dickensian forebears because they were mobile and all too visible .
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as a consequence an underclass be evolve — football hooligan , mugger , inner city rioter — somewhat more frightening than their dickensian forebear because they be mobile and all too visible .
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academic
trn_1494
as6-fragment01
43
The spiral in drug abuse and trafficking , with direct consequences for the AIDS epidemic , has created a new kind of alarm .
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the spiral in drug abuse and trafficking , with direct consequence for the aids epidemic , have create a new kind of alarm .
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academic
trn_1495
as6-fragment01
44
The early 1980s witnessed a radical change in patterns of heroin taking , alongside the global increase .
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the early 1980 witness a radical change in pattern of heroin taking , alongside the global increase .
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academic
trn_1496
as6-fragment01
45
Smoking heroin ( ‘ chasing the dragon ’ ) was one feature of the upsurge .
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smoking heroin ( ' chase the dragon ' ) be one feature of the upsurge .
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academic
trn_1497
as6-fragment01
47
Sensational media and police reports in 1989 seemed to suggest an increased use of ‘ crack ’ among young people in parts of south London , Liverpool , and Birmingham — with attendant fears that this particularly dangerous substance might become widespread , as it was reported to be in parts of the United States .
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sensational medium and police report in 1989 seem to suggest an increase use of ' crack ' among young people in part of south london , liverpool , and birmingham — with attendant fear that this particularly dangerous substance might become widespread , as it be report to be in part of the united states .
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academic
trn_1498
as6-fragment01
48
for the moment , however , the pattern of drug abuse in Britain remains as varied as ever — with home-produced drugs such as amphetamines as serious a problem as those that hit the headlines .
[ [ 7 ], [ 26 ], [ 32 ] ]
[ "tendency", "severe", "featured" ]
[ [ "practice", "decoration", "radiation pattern", "path", "radiation diagram", "traffic pattern", "plan", "figure", "shape", "structure", "blueprint", "form", "approach pattern", "rule", "design", "formula", "normal", "exemplar", "graph", "activity", "convention", "sequence", "style", "method", "event", "trend" ], [ "grievous", "unplayful", "good", "life-threatening", "grave", "dangerous", "sober", "genuine", "important", "crucial", "cultured" ], [ "approached", "touched", "attained", "murdered", "slain", "removed", "succeeded", "gained", "bumped off", "dispatched", "arrived", "pipped", "stumbled", "affected", "collide with", "injured", "struck", "came by", "killed", "moved", "scored", "tallied", "came to", "impinge on", "attacked", "polished off", "racked up", "reached", "made", "arrived at", "shot", "consumed", "propelled", "ran into", "offed", "discussed", "music" ] ]
for the moment , however , the pattern of drug abuse in britain remain as varied as ever — with home-produced drug such as amphetamine as serious a problem as those that hit the headline .
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academic
trn_1499
as6-fragment01
54
Can the problems of urban poverty be blamed on individual pathology ?
[]
[]
[]
can the problem of urban poverty be blame on individual pathology ?
[ "MD", "DT", "NNS", "IN", "JJ", "NN", "VB", "VBN", "IN", "JJ", "NN", "." ]
[ "O", "O", "NOUN", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "VERB", "VERB", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1500
as6-fragment01
55
On feckless parents and grandparents ?
[]
[]
[]
on feckless parent and grandparent ?
[ "IN", "JJ", "NNS", "CC", "NNS", "." ]
[ "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic