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trn_1501
as6-fragment01
58
Or would a simple injection of resources transform Kafkaesque honeycombs into happy living-spaces , with a consequent decline in inner-city ills ?
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[ "funds", "buildings", "comfortable" ]
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or would a simple injection of resource transform kafkaesque honeycomb into happy living-space , with a consequent decline in inner-city ill ?
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academic
trn_1502
as6-fragment01
60
β€˜ You and I would die of frostbite .
[]
[]
[]
' you and i would die of frostbite .
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academic
trn_1503
as6-fragment01
62
The view that only β€˜ outstanding management ’ could meet the problem was held by the Audit Commission ( 1987 ) .
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the view that only ' outstanding management ' could meet the problem be hold by the audit commission ( 1987 ) .
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academic
trn_1504
as6-fragment01
65
More than one child in three is born into a single parent family .
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[]
[]
more than one child in three be bear into a single parent family .
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academic
trn_1505
as6-fragment01
66
Half the school leavers have no O levels or their CSE equivalents .
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half the school leaver have no o level or their cse equivalent .
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academic
trn_1506
as6-fragment01
68
Drawing on North American experience , the Commission concluded that β€˜ poor management was an important contributory factor to New York 's problems ’ , and sought to apply the same lessons here ( p. 2 ) .
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draw on north american experience , the commission conclude that ' poor management be an important contributory factor to new york 's problem ' , and seek to apply the same lesson here ( p. 2 ) .
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academic
trn_1507
as6-fragment01
71
the encouragement of private investment and the liberation of the market ; the containment of the forces of social discontent ; the control of the powers of the local authorities ; and the encouragement of the movement of the wealthy into the inner city thus creating buffer areas of Tory support , accentuating inequalities and injustice and ( hopefully though not necessarily ) reducing the potential for conflict among the urban poor .
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the encouragement of private investment and the liberation of the market ; the containment of the force of social discontent ; the control of the power of the local authority ; and the encouragement of the movement of the wealthy into the inner city thus create buffer area of tory support , accentuate inequality and injustice and ( hopefully though not necessarily ) reduce the potential for conflict among the urban poor .
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academic
trn_1508
as6-fragment01
72
The main thrust of the Government 's policy is contained in the January 1988 White Paper on Regional Policy and the Enterprise Economy , in the new Employment Training programme , and especially in the March 1988 Action for Cities programme β€” all resting on wider reforms to local government structure and finance , and to education and housing .
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the main thrust of the government 's policy be contain in the january 1988 white paper on regional policy and the enterprise economy , in the new employment training programme , and especially in the march 1988 action for cities programme β€” all rest on wide reform to local government structure and finance , and to education and housing .
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academic
trn_1509
as6-fragment01
74
Despite the contemporary tone of much of Action for Cities , the programme 's heritage can be traced to the early 1960s studies which provided the basis for the 1965 Milner–Holland Report on housing and the 1967 Plowden Report on education , as a result of which general improvement areas and education priority areas were established .
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despite the contemporary tone of much of action for cities , the programme 's heritage can be trace to the early 1960 study which provide the basis for the 1965 milner–holland report on housing and the 1967 plowden report on education , as a result of which general improvement area and education priority area be establish .
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academic
trn_1510
as6-fragment01
76
It was initiated partly in response to the furore caused by Enoch Powell 's 1969 β€˜ rivers of blood ’ speech , much as disturbances at the 1976 Notting Hill Carnival prompted further steps on the part of the Department of the Environment β€” β€˜ A riot makes a much bigger impact on government thinking ’ , as Donnison ( 1987 ) has pointed out , β€˜ than any amount of earnest and accurate research ’ .
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it be initiate partly in response to the furore cause by enoch powell 's 1969 ' river of blood ' speech , much as disturbance at the 1976 notting hill carnival prompt further step on the part of the department of the environment β€” ' a riot make a much big impact on government thinking ' , as donnison ( 1987 ) have point out , ' than any amount of earnest and accurate research ' .
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academic
trn_1511
as6-fragment01
77
The Urban Programme consisted of grants and initiatives under the 1969 Local Government Grants ( Social Need ) Act , which was intended as a flexible instrument to provide supplementary help to local authorities in the fields of housing , education , and health .
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the urban programme consist of grant and initiative under the 1969 local government grants ( social need ) act , which be intend as a flexible instrument to provide supplementary help to local authority in the field of housing , education , and health .
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academic
trn_1512
as6-fragment01
78
Originally , the Programme supplemented existing central and local government schemes designed to meet special needs in urban areas .
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originally , the programme supplement exist central and local government scheme design to meet special need in urban area .
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academic
trn_1513
as6-fragment01
79
The scope was extended in an β€˜ enhanced ’ Urban Programme , which included economic and environmental as well as social projects , and was specifically directed at the inner urban areas where the problems were most severe .
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the scope be extend in an ' enhanced ' urban programme , which include economic and environmental as well as social project , and be specifically direct at the inner urban area where the problem be most severe .
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academic
trn_1514
as6-fragment01
80
Earlier , the change of emphasis from a β€˜ social ’ to an β€˜ economic and environmental ’ focus had been reflected in a switch of responsibility for the Programme from the Home Office to the Department of the Environment .
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early , the change of emphasis from a ' social ' to an ' economic and environmental ' focus have be reflect in a switch of responsibility for the programme from the home office to the department of the environment .
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academic
trn_1515
as6-fragment01
81
The β€˜ enhanced Programme resulted from the 1978 Inner Urban Areas Act , based on a White Paper , published the previous year , on Policy for the Inner Cities ( DoE , 1977 ) , the first comprehensive policy statement on the subject to acknowledge it as a definable and cohesive problem .
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the ' enhanced programme result from the 1978 inner urban areas act , base on a white paper , publish the previous year , on policy for the inner cities ( doe , 1977 ) , the first comprehensive policy statement on the subject to acknowledge it as a definable and cohesive problem .
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academic
trn_1516
as6-fragment01
82
The White Paper drew on studies conducted earlier in the decade in Liverpool , Birmingham , and London which pointed to a debilitating flight of capital and skilled labour from the critical areas of deprivation .
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the white paper draw on study conduct early in the decade in liverpool , birmingham , and london which point to a debilitate flight of capital and skilled labour from the critical area of deprivation .
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academic
trn_1517
as6-fragment01
83
A key aspect of the 1977 White Paper was the stress it placed on the wider effects of poverty : that it was not just those with acute needs who suffered .
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a key aspect of the 1977 white paper be the stress it place on the wide effect of poverty : that it be not just those with acute need who suffer .
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academic
trn_1518
as6-fragment01
84
It argued that in talking about inner cities it was vital to think in terms not just of individuals , but of society ; that the multiple deprivations of the worst hit areas affected all the residents ; that the consequences included a pervasive sense of neglect and decay , a decline in community spirit , a low standard of neighbourhood facilities , and an increase in crime and vandalism ; and that , without government intervention , the future was one of reduced job opportunities , deteriorating housing , and a decline in public services .
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it argue that in talk about inner city it be vital to think in term not just of individual , but of society ; that the multiple deprivation of the bad hit area affect all the resident ; that the consequence include a pervasive sense of neglect and decay , a decline in community spirit , a low standard of neighbourhood facility , and an increase in crime and vandalism ; and that , without government intervention , the future be one of reduce job opportunity , deteriorate housing , and a decline in public service .
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academic
trn_1519
as6-fragment01
87
None of them , of course , anticipated the scale of the problems which were caused by the slump and collapse of much of what remained of inner urban manufacturing industry in the early 1980s .
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none of they , of course , anticipate the scale of the problem which be cause by the slump and collapse of much of what remain of inner urban manufacturing industry in the early 1980 .
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academic
trn_1520
as6-fragment01
88
Neither , at first , did the incoming administration foresee the impact of rising unemployment , which was to be especially serious among the urban young .
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neither , at first , do the incoming administration foresee the impact of rise unemployment , which be to be especially serious among the urban young .
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academic
trn_1521
as6-fragment01
89
True , the new Secretary of State for the Environment laid stress , from the outset , on the need for economic regeneration , and indicated his sympathy for the voluntary sector in the tackling of urban problems .
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true , the new secretary of state for the environment lay stress , from the outset , on the need for economic regeneration , and indicate his sympathy for the voluntary sector in the tackling of urban problem .
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academic
trn_1522
as6-fragment01
91
Michael Heseltine ( 1987 , p. 138 ) has since claimed that β€˜ we set a new objective : to make the inner cities places where people would want to live and work and where the private investor would be willing to put his money ’ .
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michael heseltine ( 1987 , p. 138 ) have since claim that ' we set a new objective : to make the inner city place where people would want to live and work and where the private investor would be willing to put his money ' .
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academic
trn_1523
as6-fragment01
92
Partnership became his slogan β€” the partnership of public and private brains and money .
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partnership become his slogan β€” the partnership of public and private brain and money .
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academic
trn_1524
as6-fragment01
93
A new Urban Development Grant was devised , to pump-prime with public funds schemes which would then attract private investment .
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[]
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a new urban development grant be devise , to pump-prime with public fund scheme which would then attract private investment .
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academic
trn_1525
as6-fragment01
94
Heseltine 's vision was of β€˜ partnerships which recognise that there are some things that only governments can pay for , but also that the ingenuity and flexibility of the private sector is indispensable ’ ( p. 156 ) .
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heseltine 's vision be of ' partnership which recognise that there be some thing that only government can pay for , but also that the ingenuity and flexibility of the private sector be indispensable ' ( p. 156 ) .
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academic
trn_1526
as6-fragment01
95
He claims that serious work on inner-city policy began in 1979 : but it was , undoubtedly , the riots of 1981 , coinciding with the biggest drop in employment and job vacancies since the war , which gave impetus to the new approach .
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he claim that serious work on inner-city policy begin in 1979 : but it be , undoubtedly , the riot of 1981 , coincide with the big drop in employment and job vacancy since the war , which give impetus to the new approach .
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academic
trn_1527
as6-fragment01
96
Urban Development Corporations were introduced in 1981 in London Docklands and Merseyside , and the Urban Development Grant came in late the following year .
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urban development corporations be introduce in 1981 in london docklands and merseyside , and the urban development grant come in late the following year .
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academic
trn_1528
as6-fragment01
97
Conservative instincts were , of course , to minimize β€” within the β€˜ partnership β€” state involvement and expenditure , relative to that of private enterprise .
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conservative instinct be , of course , to minimize β€” within the ' partnership β€” state involvement and expenditure , relative to that of private enterprise .
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academic
trn_1529
as6-fragment01
98
Yet , the irony of the early 1980s β€” as a deteriorating , but perennial , urban problem rapidly became the most acute aspect of the crisis of mass unemployment β€” was that a Tory government , willy-nilly , found itself presiding over an increase in state intervention through a variety of agencies .
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yet , the irony of the early 1980 β€” as a deteriorating , but perennial , urban problem rapidly become the most acute aspect of the crisis of mass unemployment β€” be that a tory government , willy-nilly , find itself preside over an increase in state intervention through a variety of agency .
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academic
trn_1530
as6-fragment01
99
The increased scale of operations also ushered in another fashion of the 1980s β€” new management structures .
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the increase scale of operation also usher in another fashion of the 1980 β€” new management structure .
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academic
trn_1531
as6-fragment01
100
Thus in 1985 City Action> Teams were introduced to each β€˜ Inner City Partnership ’ area to co-ordinate the work of the three government departments involved .
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thus in 1985 city action> teams be introduce to each ' inner city partnership ' area to co-ordinate the work of the three government department involve .
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academic
trn_1532
as6-fragment01
101
Task forces , meanwhile , were directed to tackle youth unemployment .
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task force , meanwhile , be direct to tackle youth unemployment .
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academic
trn_1533
as6-fragment01
105
Meanwhile , there were other incentive schemes β€” Enterprise Zones , for example , and simplified Planning Zones , which aimed to lift tax and planning β€˜ barriers ’ in order to facilitate investment .
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meanwhile , there be other incentive scheme β€” enterprise zone , for example , and simplify planning zones , which aim to lift tax and planning ' barrier ' in order to facilitate investment .
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academic
trn_1534
as6-fragment01
108
Perhaps a Labour government would have spent even more : it would certainly have spent it in different ways .
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perhaps a labour government would have spend even more : it would certainly have spend it in different way .
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academic
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as6-fragment01
112
Faced , however , with the catastrophic increase in unemployment and the need to occupy large numbers of workless people without directly employing them ( which would have run counter to the economic doctrine which had led to the redundancy of many of them in the first place ) , the Government poured money into any β€˜ voluntary ’ agency willing to put in a bid for government-funded cheap labour .
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face , however , with the catastrophic increase in unemployment and the need to occupy large number of workless people without directly employ they ( which would have run counter to the economic doctrine which have lead to the redundancy of many of they in the first place ) , the government pour money into any ' voluntary ' agency willing to put in a bid for government-funded cheap labour .
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academic
trn_1536
as6-fragment01
113
One result was the triumphant expansion of some charitable organizations , which rejoiced both at their new-found importance and at the Government 's munificence .
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one result be the triumphant expansion of some charitable organization , which rejoice both at their new-found importance and at the government 's munificence .
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academic
trn_1537
as6-fragment01
114
Another was the transformation of many such bodies , already heavily subsidized from public funds , into de facto agencies of the state , which financed them and indirectly determined their policy .
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another be the transformation of many such body , already heavily subsidize from public fund , into de facto agency of the state , which finance they and indirectly determine their policy .
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academic
trn_1538
as6-fragment01
115
Nowhere was the impact of this clumsy sleight of hand more evident than in the inner cities , where voluntary organizations had been most active , and where the Government was most anxious for them to mop up unemployment .
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nowhere be the impact of this clumsy sleight of hand more evident than in the inner city , where voluntary organization have be most active , and where the government be most anxious for they to mop up unemployment .
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academic
trn_1539
as6-fragment01
117
The National Council for Voluntary Organizations ( NCVO ) has suggested from a recent survey that around 3,000 projects had been affected and had lost Β£285 million in funding ( MacGregor , 1990 ) .
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the national council for voluntary organizations ( ncvo ) have suggest from a recent survey that around 3,000 project have be affect and have lose Β£285 million in funding ( macgregor , 1990 ) .
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academic
trn_1540
as6-fragment01
118
There was , of course , a crucial element in the Government 's anxiety : the high concentration of ethnic minorities in the areas of concern .
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there be , of course , a crucial element in the government 's anxiety : the high concentration of ethnic minority in the area of concern .
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academic
trn_1541
as6-fragment01
119
In 1981 nearly 40 per cent of ethnic minorities in the UK lived in β€˜ partnership ’ or β€˜ programme ’ areas .
[]
[]
[]
in 1981 nearly 40 per cent of ethnic minority in the uk live in ' partnership ' or ' programme ' area .
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academic
trn_1542
as6-fragment01
120
There is a danger in reading back from this figure another stereotype , similar to the Pavlovian β€˜ drug addiction/inner city ’ assumed link .
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there be a danger in read back from this figure another stereotype , similar to the pavlovian ' drug addiction/inner city ' assume link .
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academic
trn_1543
as6-fragment02
351
Lord Scarman 's report on the 1981 disorders highlighted the importance of unemployment , urban deprivation , racial disadvantage , relations between young blacks and the police , the decline of civic consent , and political exclusion as the key issues .
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lord scarman 's report on the 1981 disorder highlight the importance of unemployment , urban deprivation , racial disadvantage , relation between young black and the police , the decline of civic consent , and political exclusion as the key issue .
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academic
trn_1544
as6-fragment02
352
Other reactions have concentrated on the issue of the interplay between inner-city decay and racial disadvantage in contemporary Britain .
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other reaction have concentrate on the issue of the interplay between inner-city decay and racial disadvantage in contemporary britain .
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academic
trn_1545
as6-fragment02
353
Yet others have argued that the unrest can be seen as a symptom of the breakdown of law and order in British society ( Gaffney , 1987 ; Hall , 1987 ; Keith , 1987 ) .
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yet other have argue that the unrest can be see as a symptom of the breakdown of law and order in british society ( gaffney , 1987 ; hall , 1987 ; keith , 1987 ) .
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academic
trn_1546
as6-fragment02
355
This was by no means an accident , since throughout the 1970s a powerful body of media , political , and academic opinion had been constructed around the theme of how Britain was drifting into a β€˜ violent society ’ , and how the basis of consent was being shifted by the pressures of immigration and the growth of multi-racial inner city areas .
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this be by no mean an accident , since throughout the 1970 a powerful body of medium , political , and academic opinion have be construct around the theme of how britain be drift into a ' violent society ' , and how the basis of consent be be shift by the pressure of immigration and the growth of multi-racial inner city area .
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academic
trn_1547
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The β€˜ scourge of criminal violence ’ was , Whitelaw argued , a danger to the whole framework of consent and legality on which the political institutions of British society were based .
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the ' scourge of criminal violence ' be , whitelaw argue , a danger to the whole framework of consent and legality on which the political institution of british society be base .
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academic
trn_1548
as6-fragment02
361
The second debate took place on 26 November 1981 , on the publication of the Scarman Report , and had as its theme : β€˜ Law and Order ’ .
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the second debate take place on 26 november 1981 , on the publication of the scarman report , and have as its theme : ' law and order ' .
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academic
trn_1549
as6-fragment02
363
A subsequent debate on the same issue in March 1982 was also full of references to the experience of 1981 , the impact of street violence , crime , decaying urban conditions , the breakdown of consent between the police and many local communities , and the spectre of β€˜ more violence to come ’ if changes in both policing tactics and social policy were not swiftly introduced ( Hansard , vol. 20 , 25 March 1982 : cols. 1107–81 ) .
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a subsequent debate on the same issue in march 1982 be also full of reference to the experience of 1981 , the impact of street violence , crime , decay urban condition , the breakdown of consent between the police and many local community , and the spectre of ' more violence to come ' if change in both police tactic and social policy be not swiftly introduce ( hansard , vol. 20 , 25 march 1982 : cols. 1107–81 ) .
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academic
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The need to support the police was accepted by both the Labour and the Conservative speakers in the parliamentary debate on the riots , and was established as a benchmark for the official response to the riots long before the Scarman Report was published in November 1981 .
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the need to support the police be accept by both the labour and the conservative speaker in the parliamentary debate on the riot , and be establish as a benchmark for the official response to the riot long before the scarman report be publish in november 1981 .
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academic
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Any substantive disagreement centred around the issue of what role social deprivation and unemployment had in bringing young people to protest violently on the streets .
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any substantive disagreement centre around the issue of what role social deprivation and unemployment have in bring young people to protest violently on the street .
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academic
trn_1552
as6-fragment02
366
Intermingled with the discourses about race and law and order were constant references to unemployment , particularly among the young , and various forms of social disadvantage and poverty ( Solomos , 1988 , pp. 186–911 ) .
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intermingle with the discourse about race and law and order be constant reference to unemployment , particularly among the young , and various form of social disadvantage and poverty ( solomos , 1988 , pp. 186–911 ) .
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academic
trn_1553
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Throughout 1980 and 1981 debates about the riots in the media , in Parliament , and in various official reports hinged around the interrelationship between racial , law-and-order , and social factors .
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throughout 1980 and 1981 debate about the riot in the medium , in parliament , and in various official report hinge around the interrelationship between racial , law-and-order , and social factor .
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academic
trn_1554
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During both April and July 1981 vigorous exchanges took place in the press and in Parliament about the role that deteriorating social conditions and unemployment may have played in bringing about the riots .
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during both april and july 1981 vigorous exchange take place in the press and in parliament about the role that deteriorate social condition and unemployment may have play in bring about the riot .
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academic
trn_1555
as6-fragment02
372
During the 16 July parliamentary debate on β€˜ Civil Disturbances ’ , Roy Hattersley 's formulation of this linkage provided a useful summary of the β€˜ social conditions ’ argument .
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during the 16 july parliamentary debate on ' civil disturbances ' , roy hattersley 's formulation of this linkage provide a useful summary of the ' social condition ' argument .
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academic
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as6-fragment02
373
After some preliminary remarks about the Labour party 's support for the police , he went on to outline his opposition to the view of the riots as essentially anti-police outbursts :
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after some preliminary remark about the labour party 's support for the police , he go on to outline his opposition to the view of the riot as essentially anti-police outburst :
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academic
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as6-fragment02
374
I repeat that l do not believe that the principal cause of last week 's riots was the conduct of the police .
[]
[]
[]
i repeat that l do not believe that the principal cause of last week 's riot be the conduct of the police .
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academic
trn_1558
as6-fragment02
375
It was the conditions of deprivation and despair in the decaying areas of our old cities β€” areas in which the Brixton and Toxteth riots took place , and areas from which the skinhead invaders of Southall come .
[ [ 10 ], [ 25, 26 ] ]
[ "deteriorating", "happened" ]
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it be the condition of deprivation and despair in the decaying area of our old city β€” area in which the brixton and toxteth riot take place , and area from which the skinhead invader of southall come .
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academic
trn_1559
as6-fragment02
380
While a number of discussions of the roots of urban unrest in the United States have noted the salience of political marginality in determining participation in violent protests ( Skolnick , 1969 ; Fogelson , 1971 ; Edelman , 1971 ; Knopf , 1975 ) , this issue has received relatively little attention in Britain .
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[ "reasons", "stated", "experienced" ]
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while a number of discussion of the root of urban unrest in the united states have note the salience of political marginality in determine participation in violent protest ( skolnick , 1969 ; fogelson , 1971 ; edelman , 1971 ; knopf , 1975 ) , this issue have receive relatively little attention in britain .
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academic
trn_1560
as6-fragment02
381
Nevertheless , during the 1980–1 events and their aftermath the political context was discussed from a number of perspectives .
[ [ 11 ], [ 18 ] ]
[ "environment", "aspects" ]
[ [ "discourse", "context of use", "linguistic context", "setting", "circumstance", "situation", "set" ], [ "appearances", "positions", "orientations", "linear perspectives", "views", "opinions", "viewpoints" ] ]
nevertheless , during the 1980–1 event and their aftermath the political context be discuss from a number of perspective .
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academic
trn_1561
as6-fragment02
382
The Scarman Report , for example , located part of the explanation for the riots in the feelings of alienation and powerlessness which were experienced by young blacks living in depressed inner-city areas .
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[ "discovered", "portion", "inadequacy", "pessimistic" ]
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the scarman report , for example , locate part of the explanation for the riot in the feeling of alienation and powerlessness which be experience by young black live in depressed inner-city area .
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academic
trn_1562
as6-fragment02
383
A successful policy for tackling the roots of urban disorder was seen as one which sought to involve all the community in dealing with the problems of each area so that they could come to feel that they have a stake in its future ( Scarman , 1981 , para. 6.42 ) .
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a successful policy for tackle the root of urban disorder be see as one which seek to involve all the community in deal with the problem of each area so that they could come to feel that they have a stake in its future ( scarman , 1981 , para. 6.42 ) .
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academic
trn_1563
as6-fragment02
384
Where such arguments did not fit in with the overarching themes of race , violence and disorder , and social deprivation they were either sidelined or pushed into the sub-clauses of official reports .
[ [ 16 ], [ 24 ], [ 26 ] ]
[ "unrest", "neglected", "forced" ]
[ [ "disorderliness", "upset", "condition", "state", "physical condition", "unlawfulness", "mess", "trouble" ], [ "lined", "by-lined", "out of bounds", "spare-time activity", "pastime", "hobby", "avocation", "pursuited", "afar", "demoted" ], [ "approached", "pressed", "crusaded", "crowded", "travelled", "campaigned", "labored", "tugged", "advertised", "dealt", "driven", "advertized", "moved", "born on", "urged", "laboured", "pushed", "praised", "agitated", "promoted", "fought", "provided", "emphasized", "tried", "repelled", "departed" ] ]
where such argument do not fit in with the overarch theme of race , violence and disorder , and social deprivation they be either sideline or push into the sub-clause of official report .
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academic
trn_1564
as6-fragment02
386
Such a move towards greater political integration was seen by Lord Scarman as essential if the gap between inner-city residents and the forces of law and order was to be bridged .
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[ "change", "better", "considered", "difference", "peace", "removed" ]
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such a move towards great political integration be see by lord scarman as essential if the gap between inner-city resident and the force of law and order be to be bridge .
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academic
trn_1565
as6-fragment02
387
But the concern with overcoming political marginality remained on the sidelines of the main public debate because it questioned the perception of the rioters as driven by irrational , uncivilized , and criminal instincts .
[ [ 4 ], [ 7 ], [ 18 ], [ 25 ] ]
[ "surmounting", "continued", "challenged", "pressured" ]
[ [ "overpowering", "whelming", "getting the better of", "subduing", "overwhelm", "beating", "sweeping over", "arousing", "getting the best", "having the best", "getting over", "overtaking", "defeating", "mastering", "reducing" ], [ "stayed on", "rested", "persisted", "was", "stayed", "yet", "prevailed" ], [ "interrogated", "oppugned", "interviewed", "conversed", "query", "called into question", "chewed over", "wondered", "asked" ], [ "taken", "repelled", "motored", "operated", "meant", "travelled", "forced", "thrust", "coerced", "ridden", "labored", "repulsed", "forced back", "tugged", "pushed back", "driven", "moved", "hunted", "worked", "powered", "gotten", "made", "laboured", "pushed", "traversed", "thrown", "rammed", "hit", "propelled", "fought", "excavated", "aimed", "beaten back", "directed" ] ]
but the concern with overcome political marginality remain on the sideline of the main public debate because it question the perception of the rioter as drive by irrational , uncivilized , and criminal instinct .
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academic
trn_1566
as6-fragment02
389
Aspects of these measures are considered further on in the chapter .
[ [ 0 ], [ 3 ] ]
[ "Features", "methods" ]
[ [ "Scenes", "Characteristics", "Faces", "Vistas", "Visual percepts", "Views", "Grammatical relations", "Looks", "Facets", "Countenances", "Prospect", "Facial expressions", "Expressions", "Panoramas", "Parts", "Effects", "Attributes" ], [ "bars", "meters", "touchstones", "mensurations", "measurements", "quantities", "steps", "measuring sticks", "criteria", "beats", "abstractions", "measuring instruments", "legal documents", "cadences", "maneuvers", "musical notations", "containers", "poetic rhythms", "bills", "measurings", "systems of measurements", "measuring rods", "amounts", "metres", "standards", "activities", "actions", "metrics" ] ]
aspect of these measure be consider far on in the chapter .
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[ "NOUN", "O", "O", "NOUN", "VERB", "VERB", "ADV", "ADV", "O", "O", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1567
as6-fragment02
390
PERSPECTIVES on THE 1985 RIOTS
[ [ 0 ] ]
[ "OPINIONS" ]
[ [ "Appearances", "Positions", "Orientations", "Linear perspectives", "Views", "Aspects", "Viewpoints" ] ]
perspective on the 1985 riots
[ "NNS", "IN", "DT", "CD", "NN" ]
[ "NOUN", "O", "O", "O", "NOUN" ]
academic
trn_1568
as6-fragment02
391
Despite widespread predictions of further unrest in the aftermath of 1981 , the scale and the location of the 1985 riots seem to have surprised even some of the most astute commentators .
[ [ 13 ] ]
[ "extent" ]
[ [ "indicator", "weighing machine", "plate", "ordered series", "bit", "shield", "leaf", "proportion", "shell", "measuring instrument", "musical notation", "graduated table", "exfoliation", "scale of measurement", "scurf", "musical scale", "standard", "scale leaf", "magnitude relation", "covering", "scope", "measurement", "magnitude" ] ]
despite widespread prediction of further unrest in the aftermath of 1981 , the scale and the location of the 1985 riot seem to have surprise even some of the most astute commentator .
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academic
trn_1569
as6-fragment02
392
Handsworth , for example , was presented even shortly before September 1985 as a β€˜ success story ’ in terms of police β€” community relations .
[ [ 6 ] ]
[ "introduced" ]
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handsworth , for example , be present even shortly before september 1985 as a ' success story ' in term of police β€” community relation .
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academic
trn_1570
as6-fragment02
396
But responses in 1985 were different , at least in terms of degree , and probably in relation to the extent to which the riots were seen as a β€˜ race ’ phenomenon by a wider body of opinion .
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but response in 1985 be different , at least in term of degree , and probably in relation to the extent to which the riot be see as a ' race ' phenomenon by a wide body of opinion .
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academic
trn_1571
as6-fragment02
397
The ambiguities and sub-clauses to be found in much of the press coverage during 1980–1 had at least acted as a countervailing tendency against the more extreme forms of discourse which blamed the riots completely on black people .
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[ "featured", "represented", "attributed" ]
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the ambiguity and sub-clause to be find in much of the press coverage during 1980–1 have at least act as a countervail tendency against the more extreme form of discourse which blame the riot completely on black people .
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academic
trn_1572
as6-fragment02
399
The β€˜ silence over race ’ was breached in 1980–1 , but in 1985 debate about racial issues was taken a step further .
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[ "removed", "brought", "phase" ]
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the ' silence over race ' be breach in 1980–1 , but in 1985 debate about racial issue be take a step far .
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academic
trn_1573
as6-fragment02
400
Peregrine Worsthorne , for example , used the ferocity of the confrontations in Handsworth , Brixton , and Tottenham to argue that there was a major question mark over the possibility of assimilating the β€˜ coloured population ’ into mainstream β€˜ British values ’ ( Sunday Telegraph , 29 September 1985 ) .
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[ "doubt about", "non-white" ]
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peregrine worsthorne , for example , use the ferocity of the confrontation in handsworth , brixton , and tottenham to argue that there be a major question mark over the possibility of assimilate the ' coloured population ' into mainstream ' british value ' ( sunday telegraph , 29 september 1985 ) .
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academic
trn_1574
as6-fragment02
402
In this context it was the externality of British Afro-Caribbeans and Asians which was highlighted rather the racist institutions and processes which worked against blacks at all levels of society .
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in this context it be the externality of british afro-caribbeans and asians which be highlight rather the racist institution and process which work against black at all level of society .
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academic
trn_1575
as6-fragment02
403
The usage of β€˜ race ’ during the September-October 1985 period took on new meanings , which had little if anything to do with the impact of racism as such , since the emphasis was on the cultural characteristics of the minority communities themselves .
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the usage of ' race ' during the september-october 1985 period take on new meaning , which have little if anything to do with the impact of racism as such , since the emphasis be on the cultural characteristic of the minority community themselves .
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academic
trn_1576
as6-fragment02
405
In addition , the question whether the cultures and values of the black communities , their family structures , and their political attitudes β€˜ bred violence ’ was constantly raised ( van Dijk , 1988 ) .
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[ "system", "increased", "increased" ]
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in addition , the question whether the culture and value of the black community , their family structure , and their political attitude ' breed violence ' be constantly raise ( van dijk , 1988 ) .
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academic
trn_1577
as6-fragment02
406
The actual facts ' of who was arrested during the riots , whether black or white , were hardly debated since it was assumed that they were mostly black and mostly unemployed and involved with crime ( Keith , 1987 ) .
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the actual fact ' of who be arrest during the riot , whether black or white , be hardly debate since it be assume that they be mostly black and mostly unemployed and involve with crime ( keith , 1987 ) .
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academic
trn_1578
as6-fragment02
407
The imagery of the β€˜ black bomber , used in Handsworth was extended to the notion that there were groups of alienated and criminalized young blacks who saw the riots as a chance to engage in an β€˜ orgy of looting ’ .
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[ "representation", "developed", "considered", "participate", "rampage" ]
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the imagery of the ' black bomber , use in handsworth be extend to the notion that there be group of alienated and criminalize young black who see the riot as a chance to engage in an ' orgy of looting ' .
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academic
trn_1579
as6-fragment02
408
The Dear Report on Handsworth captures this image and links it to the social condition of young blacks :
[ [ 5 ], [ 7 ], [ 9 ] ]
[ "interprets", "picture", "associates" ]
[ [ "enchants", "catches", "bewitches", "attracts", "entrance", "becharm", "fascinates", "captivates", "assumes", "charms", "appropriates", "enamors", "conquers", "gets", "enamours", "beguiles", "represents", "seizes", "changes", "trances", "prosecutes" ], [ "appearance", "epitome", "icon", "set", "figure of speech", "figure", "look-alike", "model", "person", "effigy", "double", "simulacrum", "mental image", "ikon", "trope", "representation", "persona", "rhetorical device", "impression", "paradigm", "range", "range of a function", "prototype", "view" ], [ "ties in", "relates", "colligate", "links up", "yokes", "connects", "unites", "attaches", "thinks", "ties", "joins" ] ]
the dear report on handsworth capture this image and link it to the social condition of young black :
[ "DT", "NNP", "NNP", "IN", "NNP", "VBZ", "DT", "NN", "CC", "VBZ", "PRP", "IN", "DT", "JJ", "NN", "IN", "JJ", "NNS", ":" ]
[ "O", "NOUN", "NOUN", "O", "NOUN", "VERB", "O", "NOUN", "O", "VERB", "O", "O", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1580
as6-fragment02
409
The majority of rioters who took part in these unhappy events were young , black and Afro-Caribbean origin .
[ [ 9 ], [ 17 ] ]
[ "unfortunate", "lineage" ]
[ [ "infelicitous", "distressed", "dysphoric" ], [ "line", "beginning", "intersection", "root", "bloodline", "blood", "blood line", "ancestry", "inception", "genealogy", "extraction", "stemma", "rootage", "stock", "source", "point", "pedigree", "descent", "parentage", "origination", "line of descent" ] ]
the majority of rioter who take part in these unhappy event be young , black and afro-caribbean origin .
[ "DT", "NN", "IN", "NNS", "WP", "VBD", "NN", "IN", "DT", "JJ", "NNS", "VBD", "JJ", ",", "JJ", "CC", "JJ", "NN", "." ]
[ "O", "NOUN", "O", "NOUN", "O", "VERB", "NOUN", "O", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "VERB", "ADJ", "O", "ADJ", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1581
as6-fragment02
410
Let there be no doubt , these young criminals are not in any way representative of the vast majority of the Afro-Caribbean community whose life has contributed to the life and culture of the West Midlands over many years and whose hopes and aspirations are at one with those of every other law-abiding citizen .
[ [ 0 ], [ 13 ], [ 17 ], [ 26 ] ]
[ "Allow", "manner", "large", "provided" ]
[ [ "Have", "Permit", "Leave", "Accept", "Get", "Make", "Lease", "Rent", "Induce", "Countenance", "Give", "Bring", "Release", "Put", "Ease" ], [ "journey", "means", "path", "room", "implementation", "style", "fashion", "position", "course", "condition", "distance", "share", "category", "artifact", "mode", "property", "choice", "elbow room", "direction", "way of life", "agency", "mean", "strategy", "method", "life", "possibility", "solution", "effectuation", "selection" ], [ "huge", "immense", "Brobdingnagian" ], [ "chip in", "lent", "changed", "conduced", "paid", "added", "brought", "led", "promoted", "put up", "kicked in", "imparted", "given", "bestowed" ] ]
let there be no doubt , these young criminal be not in any way representative of the vast majority of the afro-caribbean community whose life have contribute to the life and culture of the west midlands over many year and whose hope and aspiration be at one with those of every other law-abiding citizen .
[ "VB", "EX", "VB", "DT", "NN", ",", "DT", "JJ", "NNS", "VBP", "RB", "IN", "DT", "NN", "NN", "IN", "DT", "JJ", "NN", "IN", "DT", "JJ", "NN", "WP$", "NN", "VBZ", "VBN", "IN", "DT", "NN", "CC", "NN", "IN", "DT", "NNP", "NNP", "IN", "JJ", "NNS", "CC", "WP$", "NNS", "CC", "NNS", "VBP", "IN", "CD", "IN", "DT", "IN", "DT", "JJ", "JJ", "NN", "." ]
[ "VERB", "O", "VERB", "O", "NOUN", "O", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "VERB", "ADV", "O", "O", "NOUN", "NOUN", "O", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O", "NOUN", "VERB", "VERB", "O", "O", "NOUN", "O", "NOUN", "O", "O", "NOUN", "NOUN", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O", "O", "NOUN", "O", "NOUN", "VERB", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "ADJ", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1582
as6-fragment02
411
We share a common sorrow .
[ [ 1 ], [ 4 ] ]
[ "feel", "regret" ]
[ [ "communicate", "portion out", "use", "distribute", "get", "partook", "partook in", "overlap", "apportion", "deal", "divvy up", "apply", "possess", "have the same", "'ve", "divide", "say", "acquire", "agree" ], [ "unhappiness", "negative stimulus", "ruefulness", "sadness", "grief", "sorrowfulness", "rue" ] ]
we share a common sorrow .
[ "PRP", "VBP", "DT", "JJ", "NN", "." ]
[ "O", "VERB", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1583
as6-fragment02
412
It is the duty of us all to ensure that an entire cultural group is not tainted by the actions of a criminal minority .
[ [ 16 ] ]
[ "harmed" ]
[ [ "marred", "sullied", "clouded", "infected", "pollute", "corrupted", "defiled" ] ]
it be the duty of we all to ensure that an entire cultural group be not taint by the action of a criminal minority .
[ "PRP", "VBZ", "DT", "NN", "IN", "PRP", "DT", "TO", "VB", "IN", "DT", "JJ", "JJ", "NN", "VBZ", "RB", "VBN", "IN", "DT", "NNS", "IN", "DT", "JJ", "NN", "." ]
[ "O", "VERB", "O", "NOUN", "O", "O", "O", "O", "VERB", "O", "O", "ADJ", "ADJ", "NOUN", "VERB", "ADV", "VERB", "O", "O", "NOUN", "O", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1584
as6-fragment02
413
( Dear , 1985 , p. 69 )
[]
[]
[]
( dear , 1985 , p. 69 )
[ "-LRB-", "UH", ",", "CD", ",", "NN", "CD", "-RRB-" ]
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "NOUN", "O", "O" ]
academic
trn_1585
as6-fragment02
414
This β€˜ black ’ criminal minority was constructed not only into the leading force behind the riots , but sometimes as the only force .
[ [ 7 ] ]
[ "speculated" ]
[ [ "reconstructed", "retraced", "traced", "made", "built", "fabricated", "manufactured", "created by mental act", "created", "formulated", "physically like", "established" ] ]
this ' black ' criminal minority be construct not only into the lead force behind the riot , but sometimes as the only force .
[ "DT", "``", "JJ", "''", "JJ", "NN", "VBD", "VBN", "RB", "RB", "IN", "DT", "VBG", "NN", "IN", "DT", "NNS", ",", "CC", "RB", "IN", "DT", "JJ", "NN", "." ]
[ "O", "O", "ADJ", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "VERB", "VERB", "ADV", "ADV", "O", "O", "VERB", "NOUN", "O", "O", "NOUN", "O", "O", "ADV", "O", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1586
as6-fragment02
415
Indeed , throughout September and October 1985 , and during the following months , the imagery of race continued to dominate debate about both the causes and the policy outcomes of the riots .
[ [ 15 ], [ 18 ], [ 20 ] ]
[ "representation", "persisted", "influence" ]
[ [ "imaging", "mental imagery", "imagination", "visualisation", "visual" ], [ "extended", "stayed on", "kept on", "kept", "went forward", "was", "covered", "travelled", "carried on", "went on", "prolonged", "preserved", "bore on", "stayed", "proceeded", "acted", "upheld", "retained", "went along", "remained", "talked" ], [ "control", "eclipse", "reign", "lie", "overlook", "prevail", "brood", "master", "command", "overtop", "overshadow", "predominate", "rule", "represent" ] ]
indeed , throughout september and october 1985 , and during the following month , the imagery of race continue to dominate debate about both the cause and the policy outcome of the riot .
[ "RB", ",", "IN", "NNP", "CC", "NNP", "CD", ",", "CC", "IN", "DT", "JJ", "NNS", ",", "DT", "NN", "IN", "NN", "VBD", "TO", "VB", "NN", "IN", "DT", "DT", "NNS", "CC", "DT", "NN", "NNS", "IN", "DT", "NNS", "." ]
[ "ADV", "O", "O", "NOUN", "O", "NOUN", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O", "O", "NOUN", "O", "NOUN", "VERB", "O", "VERB", "NOUN", "O", "O", "O", "NOUN", "O", "O", "NOUN", "NOUN", "O", "O", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1587
as6-fragment02
417
During 1985 this issue was raised once again , though by then the extent of mass unemployment and urban de-industrialization and decay was more stark than it had been in 198l .
[ [ 5 ], [ 13 ], [ 21 ], [ 24 ] ]
[ "mentioned", "magnitude", "decline", "apparent" ]
[ [ "expressed", "farmed", "called forth", "set up", "advanced", "fired", "increased", "conjured", "elicited", "heightened", "stirred", "recruited", "erected", "multiplied", "elevated", "resuscitated", "called down", "upraised", "evoked", "resurrected", "parented", "invoked", "produced", "lifted", "proven", "grown", "enlisted", "gotten up", "upgraded", "conjured up", "cultivated", "bid", "moved", "nurtured", "bettered", "kindled", "brought up", "aroused", "made", "enkindled", "constructed", "provoked", "reached", "pronounced", "leavened", "put forward", "ended", "incited", "changed", "reared", "bet", "enhanced", "collected", "kicked upstairs", "delegated", "intensified", "promoted", "raised", "levied", "brought out", "put up", "accumulated" ], [ "degree" ], [ "decomposition", "organic phenomenon", "decrease", "disintegration", "natural process", "unsoundness", "nuclear reaction", "radioactive decay", "deprovement" ], [ "austere", "bleak", "thoroughgoing", "unadulterated", "arrant", "utter", "crude", "staring", "gross", "barren", "desolate", "everlasting", "complete", "sodding", "double-dyed", "bare", "consummate", "blunt", "severe", "perfect", "stern", "pure", "obvious" ] ]
during 1985 this issue be raise once again , though by then the extent of mass unemployment and urban de-industrialization and decay be more stark than it have be in 198l .
[ "IN", "CD", "DT", "NN", "VBD", "VBN", "RB", "RB", ",", "IN", "IN", "RB", "DT", "NN", "IN", "JJ", "NN", "CC", "JJ", "NN", "CC", "NN", "VBD", "RBR", "JJ", "IN", "PRP", "VBD", "VBN", "IN", "NNS", "." ]
[ "O", "O", "O", "NOUN", "VERB", "VERB", "ADV", "ADV", "O", "O", "O", "ADV", "O", "NOUN", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O", "NOUN", "VERB", "ADV", "ADJ", "O", "O", "VERB", "VERB", "O", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1588
as6-fragment02
418
Images of β€˜ urban decay ’ , β€˜ tinderbox cities ’ , and β€˜ ghetto streets ’ linked up with the images of β€˜ race inequality ’ and β€˜ black ghettos ’ to produce an analysis more complex but also more contradictory .
[ [ 0 ], [ 4 ], [ 8 ], [ 14 ], [ 17, 18 ], [ 21 ], [ 30 ], [ 33 ] ]
[ "Representations", "decline", "dangerous", "rundown", "associated", "representations", "rundown streets", "create" ]
[ [ "Appearances", "Epitomes", "Icons", "Sets", "Figure of speeches", "Figures", "Look-alikes", "Models", "Persons", "Effigies", "Double", "Simulacrums", "Mental images", "Ikons", "Tropes", "Pictures", "Personas", "Rhetorical devices", "Impressions", "Paradigms", "Ranges", "Range of a functions", "Prototypes", "Views" ], [ "decomposition", "organic phenomenon", "decrease", "disintegration", "natural process", "unsoundness", "nuclear reaction", "radioactive decay", "deprovement" ], [ "box", "situation" ], [ "city district", "quarter", "life", "city district" ], [ "tied in", "related", "colligated", "linked up", "yoked", "connected", "united", "attached", "thought", "tied", "joined" ], [ "appearances", "epitomes", "icons", "sets", "figures of speeches", "figures", "look-alikes", "models", "persons", "effigies", "double", "simulacrums", "mental images", "ikons", "tropes", "pictures", "personas", "rhetorical devices", "impressions", "paradigms", "ranges", "ranges of a functions", "prototypes", "views" ], [ "cities districts", "quarters", "lives", "city district" ], [ "expose", "cultivate", "farm", "bring about", "change", "give rise", "bring on", "acquire", "make", "grow", "develop", "get", "raise", "bring forth", "bring out", "write" ] ]
image of ' urban decay ' , ' tinderbox city ' , and ' ghetto street ' link up with the image of ' race inequality ' and ' black ghetto ' to produce an analysis more complex but also more contradictory .
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academic
trn_1589
as6-fragment02
420
The Mirror described the estate as β€˜ Living Hell ’ , and quoted one resident as saying that β€˜ You 'M_ve_possess no idea how awful daily life is ’ ( 8 October 1985 ) .
[ [ 2 ], [ 12 ] ]
[ "depicted", "said" ]
[ [ "key out", "set forth", "lined", "drew", "identified", "keyed", "marked", "named", "informed", "traced", "distinguished", "delineated", "discovered", "accounted", "reported", "exemplified", "explained" ], [ "punctuated", "cited", "repeated", "mentioned", "gave" ] ]
the mirror describe the estate as ' live hell ' , and quote one resident as say that ' you 'm_ve_possess no idea how awful daily life be ' ( 8 october 1985 ) .
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[ "O", "NOUN", "VERB", "O", "NOUN", "O", "O", "VERB", "NOUN", "O", "O", "O", "VERB", "O", "NOUN", "O", "VERB", "O", "O", "O", "VERB", "O", "NOUN", "O", "ADJ", "ADJ", "NOUN", "VERB", "O", "O", "O", "NOUN", "O", "O", "O" ]
academic
trn_1590
as6-fragment02
421
Such images were reworkings of arguments already used about Toxteth in 1981 and Brixton in 1981 , but they were used more widely than in 1980–1 .
[ [ 1 ] ]
[ "pictures" ]
[ [ "appearances", "epitomes", "icons", "sets", "figures of speeches", "figures", "look-alikes", "models", "persons", "effigies", "double", "simulacrums", "mental images", "ikons", "tropes", "representations", "personas", "rhetorical devices", "impressions", "paradigms", "ranges", "ranges of a functions", "prototypes", "views" ] ]
such image be reworking of argument already use about toxteth in 1981 and brixton in 1981 , but they be use more widely than in 1980–1 .
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academic
trn_1591
as6-fragment02
422
Even the Daily Mail , which deployed the clearest use of β€˜ race ’ and β€˜ outside agitator ’ arguments , ran a major story on Broadwater Farm under the headline : β€˜ Burnt-out hulks litter this concrete jungle … despair hangs heavy ’ ( 8 October 1985 ) .
[ [ 6 ], [ 8 ], [ 9 ], [ 16 ], [ 21 ], [ 33 ], [ 34 ], [ 35 ], [ 38 ], [ 41 ], [ 42 ] ]
[ "spread", "explicit", "utilization", "beyond", "published", "Tired", "people", "crowd", "area", "felt", "ubiquitously" ]
[ [ "positioned", "used" ], [ "unmortgaged", "clean-cut", "clear-cut", "unclouded", "cleared", "light", "readable", "absolved", "exculpated", "exonerated", "well-defined", "percipient", "clean", "decipherable", "open", "vindicated", "simple", "unrestrained", "well", "apparent", "clearly", "obvious", "unclutter" ], [ "employment", "use of goods and services", "manipulation", "utility", "usance", "demand", "purpose", "consumption", "utilisation", "habit", "usage", "exercise", "function", "legal right", "role", "custom", "economic consumption", "activity", "enjoyment", "influence" ], [ "international", "outdoor", "extraneous", "remote", "external", "out-of-door", "away", "apart" ], [ "freed", "was given", "fed", "took to the woods", "played", "head for the hills", "raced", "incurred", "inclined", "diffused", "led", "lam", "broke away", "plied", "occurred", "passed", "leaned", "persisted", "executed", "died hard", "hightailed it", "escaped", "extended", "bunked", "travelled", "carried", "hunted", "ran", "bled", "traded", "became", "accompanied", "functioned", "unravelled", "consorted", "ran for", "scarpered", "competed", "went", "was", "operated", "melted down", "coursed", "campaigned", "ran away", "dissolved", "processed", "sailed", "ranged", "ladder", "endured", "hunted down", "carried through", "prevailed", "melted", "left", "tended", "succeeded", "tracked down", "scatted", "guided", "broke", "continued", "directed", "circulated", "turned tail", "moved", "drew", "worked", "flew the coop", "lasted", "captured", "travelled rapidly", "flowed", "changed", "enforced", "black market", "disintegrated", "organised", "managed", "wrote", "resonated", "rapidly move", "oversaw", "depleted", "be incompatible with", "finished", "existed", "contributed", "started", "lose interest", "difficult problem", "ruled", "did", "sought" ], [ "Exhausted", "Worn out", "Overworked", "Spent", "Drained", "Depleted", "Burned out", "Weary", "Fatigued" ], [ "ships", "heavyweights", "giants", "whales", "large persons" ], [ "are", "give birth", "strew" ], [ "hobo camp", "location", "camp", "forest", "boat", "loud instrument" ], [ "grasps", "clings", "falls", "listens", "adverts", "obstructs", "fastens", "decomposes", "drops", "pay heed", "hangs up", "decorates", "is", "string up", "attends", "gives ear", "flows", "executes", "waits", "places" ], [ "big", "fleshy", "profound", "laborious", "backbreaking", "great", "threatening", "impenetrable", "gruelling", "lowering", "weighty", "hard", "labored", "gravid", "overweight", "large", "grave", "sullen", "expectant", "operose", "leaden", "cloggy", "grievous", "clayey", "arduous", "punishing", "enceinte", "sonorous", "ponderous", "wakeless", "laboured", "sound", "with child", "lumbering", "toilsome", "weighed down", "intemperate", "grueling", "dense", "compulsive", "substantial", "loud" ] ]
even the daily mail , which deploy the clear use of ' race ' and ' outside agitator ' argument , run a major story on broadwater farm under the headline : ' burnt-out hulk litter this concrete jungle … despair hang heavy ' ( 8 october 1985 ) .
[ "RB", "DT", "NNP", "NNP", ",", "WDT", "VBD", "DT", "JJS", "NN", "IN", "``", "NN", "''", "CC", "``", "JJ", "NN", "''", "NNS", ",", "VBD", "DT", "JJ", "NN", "IN", "NNP", "NNP", "IN", "DT", "NN", ":", "``", "NNP", "NNS", "VBP", "DT", "JJ", "NN", "NFP", "NN", "VBZ", "JJ", "''", "-LRB-", "CD", "NNP", "CD", "-RRB-", "." ]
[ "ADV", "O", "NOUN", "NOUN", "O", "O", "VERB", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O", "O", "NOUN", "O", "O", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O", "NOUN", "O", "VERB", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O", "NOUN", "NOUN", "O", "O", "NOUN", "O", "O", "NOUN", "NOUN", "VERB", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O", "NOUN", "VERB", "ADJ", "O", "O", "O", "NOUN", "O", "O", "O" ]
academic
trn_1592
as6-fragment02
424
The β€˜ cities of inner despair ’ were conceived as the breeding ground for disorderly protest , and however hard the Government tried to break the causal link between the two , it was forced to take on board the need to restore order not only through the police but through promises of help for the inner cities .
[ [ 8 ], [ 11 ], [ 12 ], [ 14 ], [ 19 ], [ 24 ], [ 27 ], [ 34 ], [ 36, 37, 38 ], [ 42, 43 ] ]
[ "conceptualised", "starting", "place", "unlawful", "intensely", "remove", "association", "compelled", "accpet", "reestablish lawfulness" ]
[ [ "evaluated", "conceptualized", "believed", "changed state", "considered", "gestated", "thought", "created by mental act" ], [ "genteelness", "training", "bringing up", "fosterage", "nurture", "socialization", "sexual activity", "gentility", "fostering", "raising", "production", "procreation", "upbringing", "education", "facts of life", "reproduction", "rearing", "elegance" ], [ "flat coat", "soil", "earth", "foundation", "primer coat", "footing", "dry land", "military position", "coat of paint", "basis", "reason", "undercoat", "material", "view", "percept", "connection", "terra firma", "rational motive", "background", "object", "priming coat", "surface", "priming", "primer", "solid ground", "land", "opinion", "evidence", "area", "scene", "cause" ], [ "topsy-turvy", "hugger-mugger", "chaotic", "higgledy-piggledy", "jumbled" ], [ "intemperately", "severely", "firmly", "heavily", "much", "difficult", "toilsomely", "desperately", "earnestly", "strictly", "effort", "concentrate" ], [ "damp", "destroy", "switch", "wear out", "breach", "detach", "divulge", "let on", "appear", "tell", "soften", "come apart", "crack", "check", "intermit", "ruin", "change integrity", "break away", "better", "burst", "collapse", "damage", "express emotion", "decays", "fall apart", "break in", "escape", "split up", "diphthongize", "disrespect", "give away", "separate", "discover", "reveal", "unwrap", "get out", "conk out", "part", "develop", "recrudesce", "bust", "demote", "become", "weaken", "infract", "snap off", "fracture", "end", "give out", "kick downstairs", "penetrate", "happen", "founder", "fail", "expose", "go", "trespass", "split", "come forth", "invalidate", "domesticate", "surpass", "give way", "smash", "relegate", "change state", "dampen", "bump", "disclose", "stop", "break down", "let out", "get around", "delegate", "break dance", "bankrupt", "break off", "bring out", "impoverish", "offend", "decrease", "erupt", "break up", "cave in", "give", "interrupt", "disperse", "injure", "violate", "discontinue", "solve", "break out", "go against", "transgress", "fall in", "shoot", "pause", "deaden", "break-dance", "change", "wear", "flee", "die", "dance", "go bad", "dismantle", "disregard", "persuade", "depart", "diminish", "decipher", "be false", "different from before", "terminate", "suddenly show" ], [ "communication system", "linkage", "union", "contact", "shape", "channel", "instruction", "inter-group communication", "connectedness", "radio link", "connection", "fastener", "connexion", "data link", "linear unit", "liaison", "tie", "linkup", "tie-in", "nexus", "circuit", "relation", "connect" ], [ "moved", "drawn", "coerced", "squeezed", "thrust", "rammed", "stormed", "penetrated", "impelled", "wedged", "pressured", "pulled", "caused", "driven", "haled", "pushed", "acted", "obliged" ], [ "take in", "read", "acquire", "lead", "sicken", "postulate", "drive", "record", "select", "get", "decide", "traverse", "take up", "adopt", "claim", "subscribe to", "accept", "choose", "position", "demand", "occupy", "carry", "deal", "assume", "consider", "undergo", "call for", "subscribe", "bring", "make", "contract", "become", "involve", "film", "have", "head", "charter", "aim", "exact", "submit", "lease", "ask", "hire", "sleep together", "get hold of", "take on", "ingest", "be", "take aim", "pack", "transport", "require", "fill", "use up", "affirm", "win", "train", "experience", "hold", "consume", "admit", "convey", "need", "look at", "interpret", "remove", "buy", "pick out", "guide", "use", "study", "take away", "rent", "engage", "contain", "strike", "direct", "withdraw", "move", "conduct", "receive", "work", "think about", "shoot", "act", "change", "learn", "necessitate", "participate", "spend", "relocate", "write down", "occur", "happen", "handle", "feel", "endure a challenge bravely and without complaint", "find", "rest", "begin", "determine", "separate", "apply", "put", "try", "capture", "ride", "do", "undergoe", "control", "substitute", "substitute by", "request", "understand", "walk", "measure", "incur", "show", "include", "remove from", "start", "treat", "utilise", "become irrational", "change my current circumstance", "develop", "enroll", "observe", "gameboard", "instrument panel", "add-in", "display", "panel", "committee", "circuit board", "display board", "card", "display panel", "printed circuit", "control board", "lumber", "surface", "circuit card", "dining table", "plank", "sheet", "table", "plug-in", "control panel", "electrical device", "fare" ], [ "reconstruct", "furbish up", "change", "rejuvenate", "better", "reinstate", "restitute", "fix", "repair", "doctor", "mend", "reestablish", "refund", "regenerate", "bushel", "touch on", "Holy Order", "orderliness", "society", "monastic order", "order of magnitude", "lodge", "guild", "request", "arrangement", "rescript", "club", "taxonomic group", "condition", "command", "ordering", "fiat", "holy order", "sect", "status", "rule", "ordination", "magnitude", "rules of order", "artistic style", "gild", "association", "act", "parliamentary law", "edict", "purchase order", "social club", "decree", "state", "parliamentary procedure", "organization", "commercial document", "check", "law", "safety", "peace", "instruction", "control", "purchase order" ] ]
the ' city of inner despair ' be conceive as the breeding ground for disorderly protest , and however hard the government try to break the causal link between the two , it be force to take on board the need to restore order not only through the police but through promise of help for the inner city .
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academic
trn_1593
as6-fragment02
426
The Government 's record on unemployment was a heavily politicized issue , and just as in 1981 it vehemently denied any responsibility for the riots through its pursuit of free-market policies .
[ [ 8 ], [ 19 ], [ 27 ] ]
[ "extensively", "refused", "search" ]
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the government 's record on unemployment be a heavily politicize issue , and just as in 1981 it vehemently deny any responsibility for the riot through its pursuit of free-market policy .
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academic
trn_1594
as6-fragment02
427
But the Government did find a way of accepting a link between the riots and social problems without bringing its main policies into the debate : namely by linking the growth of violent disorder to crime and drugs .
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[ "determine", "method", "association", "relating", "associating", "increase", "unlawfulness" ]
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but the government do find a way of accept a link between the riot and social problem without bring its main policy into the debate : namely by link the growth of violent disorder to crime and drug .
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academic
trn_1595
as6-fragment02
428
The emphasis on β€˜ crime ’ and the β€˜ criminal acts ’ of the rioters in the official responses to the 1985 riots took a general and a specific form .
[ [ 1 ], [ 10 ], [ 18 ] ]
[ "attention", "doings", "statement" ]
[ [ "stress", "prosody", "vehemence", "importance", "rhetorical device", "intensity", "accent", "priority", "focus" ], [ "legal documents", "bits", "events", "routines", "turns", "dramatic compositions", "human actions", "numbers", "enactments", "human activities", "expressions", "deeds", "performances", "dos", "dees" ], [ "answers", "phrases", "reactions", "speeches acts", "replies", "receptions", "manner", "consequences", "greetings", "bodily processes", "solutions", "reactopm" ] ]
the emphasis on ' crime ' and the ' criminal act ' of the rioter in the official response to the 1985 riot take a general and a specific form .
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academic
trn_1596
as6-fragment02
429
The general form relied on the argument that the riots were not a form of protest against the insufferable social conditions of inner-city areas or the actions of the police , but a β€˜ criminal act ’ or a β€˜ cry for loot ’ .
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[ "depended", "doing", "demand", "stolen property" ]
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the general form rely on the argument that the riot be not a form of protest against the insufferable social condition of inner-city area or the action of the police , but a ' criminal act ' or a ' cry for loot ' .
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academic
trn_1597
as6-fragment02
431
But it recurred as a theme in official and press responses to the other riots .
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[ "statements" ]
[ [ "answers", "phrases", "reactions", "speeches acts", "replies", "receptions", "manner", "consequences", "greetings", "bodily processes", "solutions", "reactopm" ] ]
but it recur as a theme in official and press response to the other riot .
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[ "O", "O", "VERB", "O", "O", "NOUN", "O", "ADJ", "O", "NOUN", "NOUN", "O", "O", "ADJ", "NOUN", "O" ]
academic
trn_1598
as6-fragment02
432
The specific form was built upon the notion that the outbreak of violence in Handsworth and Brixton , in particular , was brought about by β€˜ drug barons ’ who saw the police attempting to curb their activities and control β€˜ their territory ’ .
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[ "established", "regarded" ]
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the specific form be build upon the notion that the outbreak of violence in handsworth and brixton , in particular , be bring about by ' drug baron ' who see the police attempt to curb their activity and control ' their territory ' .
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academic
trn_1599
as6-fragment02
433
Numerous examples of this line of argument can be found in Dear 's report on Handsworth , and in press coverage during the riots .
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[ "manner", "read" ]
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numerous example of this line of argument can be find in dear 's report on handsworth , and in press coverage during the riot .
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academic
trn_1600
as6-fragment02
435
First , it distanced the riots from the social , economic , political , and other grievances which had been linked to them by locating the cause outside the β€˜ social problems ’ of inner-city dwellers and in the β€˜ simple greed ’ of the drug barons to accumulate β€˜ loot ’ .
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[ "separated", "problems", "associated", "determining", "kingpin", "stolen property" ]
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first , it distance the riot from the social , economic , political , and other grievance which have be link to they by locate the cause outside the ' social problem ' of inner-city dweller and in the ' simple greed ' of the drug baron to accumulate ' loot ' .
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academic