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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ•žλ‚ λ„ λ”±νžˆ μ°½μ°½ν•΄ λ³΄μ΄μ§€λŠ” μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 사싀 정말 μ ˆλ§μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
And the future, for them, doesn't look particularly promising -- in fact, it's downright bleak.
IWSLT2017
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그리고 λ°”λ‘œ 이듀이 ν•™μžκΈˆ λŒ€μΆœμ— κ°€μž₯ μ§€λ…ν•˜κ²Œ μ‹œλ‹¬λ¦¬κ²Œ 될 것이고
And it is they who are going to suffer the most punishing forms of student debt.
IWSLT2017
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λ°”λ‘œ 이듀이 μ‹ κΈ°ν•˜κ²Œλ„ 그리고 μŠ¬ν”„κ²Œλ„ λŒ€ν•™ 프리미엄에 λŒ€ν•΄ κ°€μž₯ μš”λž€ν•˜κ²Œ 광고될 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
And it is they, curiously and sadly, who are marketed most loudly about this college premium thing.
IWSLT2017
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이건 κ·Έμ € λƒ‰μ†Œμ μΈ λ§ˆμΌ€νŒ…μ΄ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€. μž”μΈν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
That's not just cynical marketing, that's cruel.
IWSLT2017
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그러면 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•΄μ•Ό ν• κΉŒμš”?
So what do we do?
IWSLT2017
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학생듀과 ν•™λΆ€λͺ¨λ“€μ΄ κ³ λ“±κ΅μœ‘μ„ μ†ŒλΉ„μž¬λ‘œ μ·¨κΈ‰ν•˜λ©΄ μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
What if students and parents treated higher education as a consumer product?
IWSLT2017
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λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ 이미 κ·ΈλŸ¬λŠ” 것 κ°™μ€λ°μš”.
Everybody else seems to.
IWSLT2017
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 되면 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ†ŒλΉ„μž¬λ“€κ³Ό λ˜‘κ°™μ΄ 무엇을 μ‚¬λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œλ €λ‹¬λΌκ³  μš”κ΅¬ν•˜κ² μ£ .
When you buy medicines, you get a list of side effects.
IWSLT2017
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약을 μ‚΄ λ•Œμ—λŠ” λΆ€μž‘μš© λͺ©λ‘μ„ λ°›μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ³ λ“±κ΅μœ‘ μ œν’ˆμ„ μ‚΄ λ•ŒλŠ” μ†ŒλΉ„μžλ“€μ΄ 잘 μ•„λŠ” μƒνƒœμ—μ„œ 선택할 수 있게 ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ” κ²½κ³  문ꡬ가 μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
When you buy a higher educational product, you should have a warning label that allows consumers to choose, make informed choices.
IWSLT2017
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μ°¨λ₯Ό μ‚΄ λ•Œμ—λ„ μ—°λΉ„λ₯Ό μ•Œλ €μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
When you buy a car, it tells you how many miles per gallon to expect.
IWSLT2017
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μΊλ‚˜λ‹€ν•™μ„ μ „κ³΅ν•˜λ©΄ 무엇을 μ–»μœΌλ¦¬λΌκ³  μ˜ˆμƒν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
Who knows what to expect from a degree say, in Canadian Studies.
IWSLT2017
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그런데 이런 전곡이 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
There is such a thing, by the way.
IWSLT2017
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이런 κ±Έ μ•Œλ €μ£ΌλŠ” 앱이 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
What if there was an app for that?
IWSLT2017
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전곡에 λ”°λ₯Έ λΉ„μš©κ³Ό μ˜ˆμƒ μˆ˜μž…μ„ μ•Œλ €μ£ΌλŠ” μ•± 말이죠.
One that linked up the cost of a major to the expected income.
IWSLT2017
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이것을 μˆ˜μž… 기반 ν•™λΉ„, μ€„μ—¬μ„œ IBT라고 λΆ€λ¦…μ‹œλ‹€.
Let's call it Income-Based Tuition or IBT.
IWSLT2017
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ 쀑 ν•œ λͺ…이 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
One of you make this.
IWSLT2017
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ν˜„μ‹€μ„ κΉ¨λ‹¬μœΌμ„Έμš”.
Discover your reality.
IWSLT2017
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μˆ˜μž… 기반 ν•™λΉ„μ—λŠ” μ„Έ 가지 이득이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
three benefits to Income-Based Tuition.
IWSLT2017
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μ΄μš©μžλ“€μ€ 전곡에 λ”°λΌμ„œ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 벌 수 μžˆμ„μ§€ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Any user can figure out how much money he or she will make from a given college and major.
IWSLT2017
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이런 정보λ₯Ό μ•„λŠ” μ‚¬μš©μžλ“€μ€ κ°•λ§€ν•˜λŠ” μž₯μ‚Ώμ†μ΄λ‚˜ νŒλ§€κ΄‘κ³ μ— 속지 μ•Šμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 더 ν˜„λͺ…ν•˜κ²Œ 선택할 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Such informed users are unlikely to fall victim to the huckster's ploy, But also to choose wisely.
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μΆ”κ°€λ‘œ λ²Œμ–΄λ“€μΌ μˆ˜μ΅λ³΄λ‹€ 15% 더 큰 κΈˆμ•‘μ„ λˆ„κ°€ λŒ€ν•™μ— λ‚΄λ €κ³  ν•˜κ² μ–΄μš”?
Why would anybody pay more for college than let's say, 15 percent of the additional income they earn?
IWSLT2017
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μˆ˜μž… 기반 ν•™λΉ„μ˜ 두 번째 이읡은
There's a second benefit to Income-Based Tuition.
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λΉ„μš©μ„ μˆ˜μž…μ— μ—°κ²°μ‹œμΌœμ„œ λŒ€ν•™ κ΄€λ¦¬μžλ“€μ΄ λΉ„μš© 관리λ₯Ό 더 μž˜ν•˜κ³  그러기 μœ„ν•œ ν˜μ‹ μ μΈ 방법을 찾게 λ§Œλ“ λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
By tying the cost to the income, college administrators would be forced to manage costs better, to find innovative ways to do so.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€λ©΄ 학생듀은 λͺ¨λ‘ 전곡에 상관없이 λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ ν•™λΉ„λ₯Ό λ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
For instance, all of you students here pay roughly the same tuition for every major.
IWSLT2017
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이것은 λͺ…λ°±νžˆ λΆˆκ³΅ν‰ν•˜κ³  λ°”λ€Œμ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
That is manifestly unfair, and should change.
IWSLT2017
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κ³΅λŒ€μƒμ΄ 철학전곡생보닀 μžμ›μ΄λ‚˜ μ„€λΉ„, 연ꡬ싀, κ΅μˆ˜μ§„λ„ 더 많이 μ΄μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
An engineering student uses more resources and facilities and labs and faculty than a philosophy student.
IWSLT2017
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 결과적으둜 μ² ν•™ 전곡생이 κ³΅λŒ€μƒμ„ λ³΄μ‘°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
But the philosophy student, as a consequence, is subsidizing the engineering student.
IWSLT2017
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그런데 κ³΅λŒ€μƒμ΄ λ‚˜μ€‘μ— λˆλ„ 더 많이 λ²•λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Who then, by the way, goes on and earns more money.
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μ™œ 이 두 μ‚¬λžŒμ€ 같은 μ œν’ˆμ„ μ‚¬μ„œ λ˜‘κ°™μ΄ λˆμ„ λƒˆλŠ”λ° ν•œ λͺ…은 μ ˆλ°˜μ΄λ‚˜ 1/3밖에 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ₯Ό λͺ» λ°›λŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”.
Why should two people buy the same product, pay the same, but one person receive half or a third of the service.
IWSLT2017
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λŒ€μ‘Έμž 쀑 νŠΉμ • 전곡생은 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μˆ˜μž…μ˜ 5%만 ν•™μžκΈˆ λŒ€μΆœμ„ κ°šλŠ” 데 μ“Έ λ•Œ μˆ˜μž…μ˜ 25%λ₯Ό μ“°κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
In fact, college grads, some majors, pay 25 percent of their income servicing their student debt, while others pay five percent.
IWSLT2017
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이런 λΆˆν‰λ“±μ€ 전곡에 λ”°λ₯Έ ν•™λΉ„κ°€ μ˜¬λ°”λ₯΄κ²Œ μ±…μ •λ˜λ©΄ 해결될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
That kind if inequity would end when majors are priced more correctly.
IWSLT2017
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그리고 λ¬Όλ‘  이런 데이터λ₯Ό μ•„, 그리고 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ 쀑에 이걸 ν•΄κ²°ν•  뢄이 있겠죠?
Now of course, all this data -- and one of you is going to do this, right?
IWSLT2017
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톡계적 거짓말을 ν”Όν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 이 λͺ¨λ“  데이터가 잘 μ„€κ³„λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•˜κ³  곡인 νšŒκ³„μ‚¬μ˜ 감사도 λ°›μ•„μ•Ό ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
All this data has to be well designed, maybe audited by public accounting firms to avoid statistical lies.
IWSLT2017
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톡계에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ 잘 μ•„μ‹œμž–μ•„μš”. κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
We know about statistics, right?
IWSLT2017
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톡계에 κ΄€ν•œ 건 κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€ 치고, μ„Έ 번째 이읡인, μˆ˜μž… 기반 ν•™λΉ„μ˜ κ°€μž₯ 큰 이읡은 미ꡭ인듀이 λΆˆλŸ‰ν’ˆμ„ μ‚¬μ„œ νŒŒμ‚°ν•  κ±°λΌλŠ” 두렀움과 ν˜„μ‹€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° μžμœ λ‘œμ›Œμ§„λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
But be that as it may, the third and biggest benefit of Income-Based Tuition, is it would free Americans from the fear and the fact of financial ruin because they bought a defective product.
IWSLT2017
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μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ λ„ˆλ¬΄ λŠ¦μ§€ μ•Šκ²Œ μ•„κΉŒ μ € λ‚¨μžλΆ„μ΄ λ§μ”€ν•˜μ…¨λ“―μ΄ 미ꡭ인 λ‚¨λ…€λ…Έμ†Œκ°€ ν˜ΈκΈ°μ‹¬κ³Ό λ°°μ›€μ˜ 즐거움을 λ‹€μ‹œ 찾게 될지도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ” 것을 κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ³ , κ·Έ 곡뢀λ₯Ό μ’‹μ•„ν•˜κ²Œ 되고 μžμ‹ μ˜ 열정을 μ’‡κ³ 
Perhaps, in time, young and old Americans may rediscover, as the gentleman said earlier, their curiosity, their love of learning -- begin to study what they love, love what they study, follow their passion ...
IWSLT2017
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본인의 총λͺ…함에 μžκ·Ήμ„ λ°›μ•„ 그듀이 μ›ν•˜λŠ”λŒ€λ‘œ νƒκ΅¬μ˜ 길을 κ±·λŠ” 것이죠.
getting stimulated by their intelligence, follow paths of inquiry that they really want to.
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에릭과 μΌ€λΉˆμ€ 사싀 2λ…„ μ „λ§Œ 해도 이런 μ²­λ…„λ“€μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ €μ—κ²Œ μžκ·Ήμ„ μ£Όλ©΄μ„œ ν•¨κ»˜ μΌν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ§€κΈˆλ„ 같이 μΌν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 미ꡭ의 ν•™μžκΈˆ λŒ€μΆœμ— κ΄€ν•œ 연ꡬλ₯Ό ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ 말이죠
After all, it was Eric and Kevin, two years ago, just exactly these kinds of young men, who prompted me and worked with me, and still do, in the study of indebted students in America.
IWSLT2017
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이야기λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄μ£Όμ…”μ„œ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Thank you for your attention.
IWSLT2017
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μ œκ°€ κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜λŠ” ν•œ μ „μŸμ€ 제 μΈμƒμ˜ μΌλΆ€μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
War has been a part of my life since I can remember.
IWSLT2017
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μ €λŠ” μ†Œλ ¨ 침곡 6κ°œμ›” ν›„ μ•„ν”„κ°€λ‹ˆμŠ€νƒ„μ—μ„œ νƒœμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‹Ήμ‹œ μ €λŠ” 상황을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κΈ°μ—” λ„ˆλ¬΄ μ–΄λ¦° λ‚˜μ΄μ˜€μ§€λ§Œ μ €λŠ” μ£Όλ³€μ˜ κ΄΄λ‘œμ›€κ³Ό 두렀움을 κ°€μŠ΄ 깊이 λŠλ‚„ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
I was born in Afghanistan, just six months after the Soviets invaded, and even though I was too young to understand what was happening, I had a deep sense of the suffering and the fear around me.
IWSLT2017
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이런 μ–΄λ¦° μ‹œμ ˆμ˜ κ²½ν—˜μ΄ μ „μŸκ³Ό κ°ˆλ“±μ— λŒ€ν•œ 생각에 큰 영ν–₯을 λΌμ³€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Those early experiences had a major impact on how I now think about war and conflict.
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μ €λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 근본적인 문제둜 λ‹€νˆ΄ 땐 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒμ€ ꡴볡할 수 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ°°μ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
I learned that when people have a fundamental issue at stake, for most of them, giving in is not an option.
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이런 κ°ˆλ“±μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„  말이죠. μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ κΆŒλ¦¬κ°€ μΉ¨ν•΄λ˜κ³  κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ •λΆ€κ°€ μΉ¨λž΅λ‹Ήν•˜κ³  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ–΅μ••λ˜κ³  μœ λ¦°λ‹Ήν•˜λ©΄ κ±°μ„Έκ²Œ μ €ν•­ν•˜κ³  λ°˜κ²©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
For these types conflicts -- when people's rights are violated, when their countries are occupied, when they're oppressed and humiliated -- they need a powerful way to resist and to fight back.
IWSLT2017
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κ·Έ 말은 아무리 파괴적이고 λ”μ°ν•œ 폭λ ₯도 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 이것을 μœ μΌν•œ 기회라고 λ³Έλ‹€λ©΄ κ±°λ¦¬λ‚Œ 없이 ν–‰μ‚¬ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Which means that no matter how destructive and terrible violence is, if people see it as their only choice, they will use it.
IWSLT2017
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λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ 세계에 λ§Œμ—°ν•œ 폭λ ₯에 λŒ€ν•΄ κ±±μ •ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Most of us are concerned with the level of violence in the world.
IWSLT2017
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ 폭λ ₯은 λ„λ•μ μœΌλ‘œ μ˜³μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€κ³  λ§ν•œλ‹€κ³  λλ‚˜μ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
But we're not going to end war by telling people that violence is morally wrong.
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κ·Έ λŒ€μ‹  μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 일은 적어도 폭λ ₯만큼 κ°•λ ₯ν•˜κ³  효과적인 방법을 μ œμ‹œν•΄μ•Ό ν•  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Instead, we must offer them a tool that's at least as powerful and as effective as violence.
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이것이 μ œκ°€ ν•˜λŠ” μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
This is the work I do.
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μ§€λ‚œ 13λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ €λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λ©° μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ κ·Ήν•œμ˜ ν™˜κ²½μ— 놓인 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 이야기와 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 비폭λ ₯ μ €ν•­μœΌλ‘œ κ°ˆλ“±μ„ 해결할지 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
For the past 13 years, I've been teaching people in some of the most difficult situations around the world how they can use nonviolent struggle to conduct conflict.
IWSLT2017
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ 비폭λ ₯ 행동이라고 ν•˜λ©΄ 간디와 λ§ˆν‹΄ 루터킹을 λ– μ˜¬λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Most people associate this type of action with Gandhi and Martin Luther King.
IWSLT2017
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 수천 λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ 비폭λ ₯ 행동을 ν•΄ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
But people have been using nonviolent action for thousands of years.
IWSLT2017
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사싀 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  이 λ‚˜λΌμ—μ„œ κ°–λŠ” μ—¬μ„±μœΌλ‘œμ„œ λ―Έμ„±λ…„μžλ‘œμ„œ λ…Έλ™μžλ‘œμ„œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 성적 μ·¨ν–₯을 가진 μ‚¬λžŒμœΌλ‘œμ„œ ν™˜κ²½μ„ μš°λ €ν•˜λŠ” μ‹œλ―ΌμœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ κΆŒλ¦¬λ“€μ€ μ €μ ˆλ‘œ 생긴 것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
In fact, most of the rights that we have today in this country -- as women, as minorities, as workers, as people of different sexual orientations and citizens concerned with the environment -- these rights weren't handed to us.
IWSLT2017
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이것은 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ‹Έμ›Œμ„œ μ–»μ–΄ λƒˆκ³  희생을 톡해 얻은 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
They were won by people who fought for them and who sacrificed for them.
IWSLT2017
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이것을 μ—­μ‚¬μ—μ„œ λ°°μš°μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 비폭λ ₯ μ €ν•­μ΄λΌλŠ” 기술이 잘λͺ» μ•Œλ €μ§€κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
But because we haven't learned from this history, nonviolent struggle as a technique is widely misunderstood.
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μ €λŠ” μ΅œκ·Όμ— μ—ν‹°μ˜€ν”Όμ•„ ν™œλ™κ°€ 그룹을 λ§Œλ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 그듀은 μ œκ°€ ν‰μ†Œμ— 많이 λ“£λŠ” 이야기λ₯Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
I met recently with a group of Ethiopian activists, and they told me something that I hear a lot.
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λ§ν•˜κΈ°λ₯Ό 그듀은 이미 비폭λ ₯ 행동을 μ‹œλ„ν•΄ λ³΄μ•˜κ³  ν†΅ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€κ³  ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
They said they'd already tried nonviolent action, and it hadn't worked.
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μˆ˜λ…„ 전에 그듀은 μ‹œμœ„λ₯Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Years ago they held a protest.
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μ •λΆ€κ°€ 전원 μ²΄ν¬ν–ˆκ³  κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ μ‹œμœ„κ°€ λλ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
The government arrested everyone, and that was the end of that.
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비폭λ ₯ 저항을 κ±°λ¦¬μ‹œμœ„μ™€ λ™μΌμ‹œν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ§„μ§œ λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
The idea that nonviolent struggle is equivalent to street protests is a real problem.
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비둝 μ‹œμœ„λŠ” λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μ›ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 ν‘œν˜„ν•˜λŠ” ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ λ°©λ²•μ΄μ§€λ§Œ μ‹œμœ„ μžμ²΄λ‘œλŠ” μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ 내지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 적어도 근본적인 λ³€ν™”λŠ” 말이죠.
Because although protests can be a great way to show that people want change, on their own, they don't actually create change -- at least change that is fundamental.
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κ°•λ ₯ν•œ μƒλŒ€λ°©μ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ›ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μΉœμ ˆν•˜κ²Œ 뢀탁해도 주지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Powerful opponents are not going to give people what they want just because they asked nicely ...
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ν˜Ήμ€ λΆˆμΉœμ ˆν•˜κ²Œ 뢀탁해도 말이죠.
or even not so nicely.
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비폭λ ₯ μ €ν•­μ˜ 핡심은 μƒλŒ€λ₯Ό λ¬΄λ„ˆλœ¨λ¦¬λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 물리적인 νž˜μœΌλ‘œκ°€ μ•„λ‹Œ μƒλŒ€κ°€ νž˜μ„ κ°–κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν•„μš”ν•œ μ œλ„λ₯Ό νŒŒμ•…ν•˜κ³  κ·Έ 근원을 μΈμ •ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Nonviolent struggle works by destroying an opponent, not physically, but by identifying the institutions that an opponent needs to survive, and then denying them those sources of power.
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비폭λ ₯ ν™œλ™κ°€λ“€μ€ ꡰ인듀을 λ– λ‚˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ κ΅°λŒ€λ₯Ό 무λ ₯ν™” μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Nonviolent activists can neutralize the military by causing soldiers to defect.
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νŒŒμ—…κ³Ό λΆˆλ§€μš΄λ™μ„ 톡해 경제λ₯Ό 뒀집을 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
They can disrupt the economy through strikes and boycotts.
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그리고 μ •λΆ€ 선전을 λ°˜λ°•ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λŒ€μ•ˆλ―Έλ””μ–΄λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ„œ 말이죠.
And they can challenge government propaganda by creating alternative media.
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이런 일을 ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 수 λ§Žμ€ 방법듀이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
There are a variety of methods that can be used to do this.
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제 λ™λ£Œμ΄μž λ©˜ν† μΈ 진 μƒ€ν”„λŠ” 198가지 비폭λ ₯ 행동을 κ΅¬λΆ„μ§€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
My colleague and mentor, Gene Sharp, has identified 198 methods of nonviolent action.
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그리고 μ‹œμœ„λŠ” 그쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μΌ λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
And protest is only one.
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μ΅œκ·Όμ— μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ 예λ₯Ό λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Let me give you a recent example.
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뢈과 λͺ‡ 달 μ „κΉŒμ§€ κ³Όν…Œλ§λΌλŠ” λΆ€νŒ¨ν•œ μ „ ꡰ인 μž₯ꡐ가 μ§€λ°°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆκ³  쑰직 범죄와도 μ—°λ£¨λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Until a few months ago, Guatemala was ruled by corrupt former military officials with ties to organized crime.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 보톡 이 사싀을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ 무λ ₯감을 느끼고 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ–΄λŠ λ‚  12λͺ…뿐인 ν•œ μ‹œλ―Όλ‹¨μ²΄κ°€ νŽ˜μ΄μŠ€λΆμ„ 톡해 μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ„ 뢈러 쀑앙광μž₯에 이런 νŒ»λ§μ„ λ“€κ³  λͺ¨μ΄κΈ°λ‘œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "Renuncia YA" 이미 μ‚¬μž„ν–ˆλ‹€.
People were generally aware of this, but most of them felt powerless to do anything about it -- until one group of citizens, just 12 regular people, put out a call on Facebook to their friends to meet in the central plaza, holding signs with a message: "Renuncia YA" -- resign already.
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λ†€λΌμš΄ 일은 3만 λͺ…이 μ°Έμ„ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
To their surprise, 30,000 people showed up.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 전ꡭ에 걸쳐 μ‹œμœ„κ°€ νΌμ§€λ©΄μ„œ λͺ‡ 달 λ™μ•ˆ λ¨Έλ¬Όλ €μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
They stayed there for months as protests spread throughout the country.
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ν•œ λ²ˆμ€ μ‹œμœ„ μ£Όμ²΄μžλ“€μ΄ 수백 개의 달걀을 μ •λΆ€ 청사 건물 곳곳에 λ©”μ‹œμ§€μ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ κ°€μ Έλ‹€ λ†“μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "λ§Œμ•½μ— 달걀이 μ—†μ–΄μ„œ" '배짱'이 μ—†μ–΄μ„œ "λΆ€νŒ¨ν•œ ν›„λ³΄μžκ°€ μΆœλ§ˆν•˜λŠ” 것을 λͺ» λ§‰λŠ”λ‹€λ©΄ 우리 것을 λΉŒλ €λ“œλ¦΄κ²Œμš”."
At one point, the organizers delivered hundreds of eggs to various government buildings with a message: "If you don't have the huevos" -- the balls -- "to stop corrupt candidates from running for office, you can borrow ours."
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λͺ°λ¦¬λ‚˜ λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ€ 이에 λŒ€ν•œ λŒ€μ‘μœΌλ‘œ μ ˆλŒ€ μ‚¬μž„ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ² λ‹€κ³  μ„ μ–Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
President Molina responded by vowing that he would never step down.
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그리고 ν™œλ™κ°€λ“€μ€ μ‹œμœ„λ§Œ ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ„ λ¬ΌλŸ¬λ‚˜κ²Œ λΆ€νƒν•˜λŠ” 것은 μ•ˆ λ˜κ² λ‹€κ³  λŠκΌˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
And the activists realized that they couldn't just keep protesting and ask the president to resign.
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λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ΄ λ¬ΌλŸ¬λ‚  μˆ˜λ°–μ— 없도둝 ν•΄μ•Όν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
They needed to leave him no choice.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 그듀은 전ꡭ에 걸친 μ΄νŒŒμ—…μ„ κ³„νšν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
So they organized a general strike, in which people throughout the country refused to work.
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κ³Όν…Œλ§λΌμ‹œμ—μ„œλ§Œ 400κ°œκ°€ λ„˜λŠ” 사업체와 학ꡐ가 νŒŒμ—…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
In Guatemala City alone, over 400 businesses and schools shut their doors.
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κ·Έλ™μ•ˆ 농뢀듀이 μ „κ΅­μ˜ μ£Όμš” λ„λ‘œλ₯Ό λ§‰μ•„μ„°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Meanwhile, farmers throughout the country blocked major roads.
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5μΌλ§Œμ— λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ„ ν¬ν•¨ν•œ μˆ˜μ‹­ λͺ…μ˜ 곡무원듀이 '이미 μ‚¬μž„'ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Within five days, the president, along with dozens of other government officials, resigned already.
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μ €λŠ” μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μš©κ°ν•˜κ²Œ 창의적인 λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ 비폭λ ₯ 행동을 ν•˜λŠ” 것에 크게 감λͺ…λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
I've been greatly inspired by the creativity and bravery of people using nonviolent action in nearly every country in the world.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€λ©΄ μ΅œκ·Όμ— μš°κ°„λ‹€ ν™œλ™κ°€ 그룹이 돼지가 λ“€μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” μƒμžλ₯Ό κ³΅κ°œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
For example, recently a group of activists in Uganda released a crate of pigs in the streets.
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λ³΄μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό 경찰듀이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•΄μ•Ό 할지 ν˜Όλž€μŠ€λŸ¬μ›Œ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
You can see here that the police are confused about what to do with them.
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이 λΌμ§€λŠ” μ •λΆ€ μ—¬λ‹Ήμ˜ μƒ‰μœΌλ‘œ μΉ ν•΄μ Έ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
The pigs were painted the color of the ruling party.
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그쀑 ν•œ λ§ˆλ¦¬λŠ” 심지어 λͺ¨μžλ„ μ“°κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λˆ„κ΅°κ°€λ₯Ό λ– μ˜¬λ¦¬λŠ” λͺ¨μžλ₯Ό 말이죠.
One pig was even wearing a hat, a hat that people recognized.
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μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ˜ ν™œλ™κ°€λ“€μ΄ 점점 더 ν™”μ œκ°€ 되고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν•˜μžλ§Œ 이런 κ°œλ³„μ μΈ ν™œλ™λ“€μ€ 큰 μ—­ν™œμ„ ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 더 큰 μ „λž΅μ˜ 일뢀가 μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ 말이죠.
Activists around the world are getting better at grabbing headlines, but these isolated actions do very little if they're not part of a larger strategy.
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μž₯ꡰ은 병사λ₯Ό 이끌고 μ „μŸν„°λ‘œ ν–₯ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이길 수 μžˆλŠ” κ³„νšμ΄ μ—†λŠ” ν•œ 말이죠
A general wouldn't march his troops into battle unless he had a plan to win the war.
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μ„Έκ³„μ˜ 비폭λ ₯ μš΄λ™μ΄ μ§„ν–‰λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Yet this is how most of the world's nonviolent movements operate.
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비폭λ ₯저항은 μ „μŸμ²˜λŸΌ λ³΅μž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 더 ν•˜μ§€λŠ” μ•Šλ”λΌλ„μš”.
Nonviolent struggle is just as complex as military warfare, if not more.
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ν™œλ™κ°€μ€ λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ ν›ˆλ ¨μ„ λ°›μ•„μ•Ό ν•˜κ³  λΆ„λͺ…ν•œ λͺ©μ μ΄ μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 μ§€λ„μžλŠ” λͺ©ν‘œ μ„±μ·¨λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ μ „λž΅μ΄ μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Its participants must be well-trained and have clear objectives, and its leaders must have a strategy of how to achieve those objectives.
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μ „μŸ κΈ°μˆ μ€ 수 천 년에 걸쳐 λ°œμ „ν•΄ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ κ²½ν—˜λ“€κ³Ό 그리고 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ „μŸμ„ ν•˜κ³  λ°œμ „μ‹œν‚¬μ§€μ— μ „λ…ν•œ λͺ‡λͺ‡ ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ 지성인듀에 μ˜ν•΄μ„œ 말이죠.
The technique of war has been developed over thousands of years with massive resources and some of our best minds dedicated to understanding and improving how it works.
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κ·Έλ™μ•ˆ, 쑰직적인 비폭λ ₯ 저항은 거의 μ—°κ΅¬λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 비폭λ ₯ μ €ν•­μ˜ μˆ˜λŠ” λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚¬μ§€λ§Œ 비폭λ ₯ 저항을 κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ€ μ—¬μ „νžˆ μˆ˜μ‹­ λͺ…에 λΆˆκ³Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Meanwhile, nonviolent struggle is rarely systematically studied, and even though the number is growing, there are still only a few dozen people in the world who are teaching it.
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이것은 μœ„ν—˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄, 이제 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έκ°„ κ°ˆλ“±μ— λŒ€μ²˜ν–ˆλ˜ 방법듀이 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ§ˆμ£Όν•œ 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κΈ°μ— μ μ ˆν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•ŒκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
This is dangerous, because we now know that our old approaches of dealing with conflict are not adequate for the new challenges that we're facing.
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μ΅œκ·Όμ— λ―Έκ΅­ μ •λΆ€λŠ” ISISμ™€μ˜ μ „μŸμ΄ κ΅μ°©μƒνƒœμ— λΉ μ‘Œλ‹€κ³  λ°ν˜”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
The US government recently admitted that it's in a stalemate in its war against ISIS.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λͺ¨λ₯΄λŠ” 뢀뢄은 비폭λ ₯ ν–‰λ™μœΌλ‘œ ISIS에 λŒ€ν•­ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
But what most people don't know is that people have stood up to ISIS using nonviolent action.
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ISISκ°€ 2014λ…„ 6월에 λͺ¨μˆ μ„ μ λ Ήν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ 그듀은 κ·Έλ“€μ˜ κ·Ήλ‹¨μ£Όμ˜λ₯Ό 기반으둜 ν•œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ꡐ과과정을 μ„Έμš°κ² λ‹€κ³  μ„ μ–Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
When ISIS captured Mosul in June 2014, they announced that they were putting in place a new public school curriculum, based on their own extremist ideology.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ°œκ΅ν•œ 첫 λ‚  μ–΄λ–€ 아이듀도 λ“±κ΅ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
But on the first day of school, not a single child showed up.
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