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โŒ€
์ข€ ๋” ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค, ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ?
So what's the deeper, human goal?
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์ฃ . ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ณธ ์  ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋ผ๋ฆฌ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ด์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
Well, they set their goal as the need to create lasting, positive experiences and relationships between people who've never met before.
IWSLT2017
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ 2007๋…„๋„์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋“ค์€ ๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ด๋ฅผ ์žด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ์ฃ .
And the most amazing thing about this was in 2007, they introduced a way to measure this, which is incredible.
IWSLT2017
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋ช…๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
I'll tell you how it works.
IWSLT2017
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋””์ž์ธ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ์ถฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ธก์ •๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ญ˜ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ์ฃ . ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
For every design goal you have, you have to have a corresponding measurement to know how you're doing -- a way of measuring success.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธˆ๋ฐฉ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋‚ ๋“ค ๊ทธ ๋‚  ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ธก์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๋‚˜ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
So what they do is, let's say you take two people who meet up, and they take the number of days those two people spent together, and then they estimate how many hours were in those days -- how many hours did those two people spend together?
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
And then after they spend that time together, they ask both of them: How positive was your experience?
IWSLT2017
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ๋˜ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์Œ“์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
Did you have a good experience with this person that you met?
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณค ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๊ทธ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋“ค์„ ๋บ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒŒ ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ฐ’์–ด์น˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
And they subtract from those positive hours the amount of time people spent on the website, because that's a cost to people's lives.
IWSLT2017
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์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ์„ฑ๊ณต์œผ๋กœ ์น˜๋ถ€ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
Why should we value that as success?
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚จ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ "์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์œผ๋กœ ํŽธ๊ณก๋œ ์—ฐ์ฃผ๊ณก"์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆด๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ . ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทธ์ € ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์œผ๋กœ ์ข‹์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ณด๋‚ธ๊ฑฐ๊ณ ์š”.
And what you were left with is something they refer to as "net orchestrated conviviality," or, really, just a net "Good Times" created.
IWSLT2017
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์นด์šฐ์น˜ ์„œํ•‘์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋„ ์—†๊ฒ ์ฃ .
The net hours that would have never existed, had Couchsurfing not existed.
IWSLT2017
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๋งค์ผ ์ผํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ์™€์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ์žด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜๊ฐ์ ์ผ์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์…จ๋‚˜์š”? ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์— ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•œ ์‹ค์ œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ํ•˜๋ ค๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
Can you imagine how inspiring it would be to come to work every day and measure your success in the actual net new contribution of hours in people's lives that are positive, that would have never existed if you didn't do what you were about to do at work today?
IWSLT2017
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ผ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด?
Can you imagine a whole world that worked this way?
IWSLT2017
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๋ฉ”์‹ ์ €๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ ์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์…จ๋‚˜์š” . ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์š”๋ฆฌ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋‘”๋‹คํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์š”๋ฆฌํ•œ ๋ฐค๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ฝ์–ด์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ปค๋˜ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋“ค๋กœ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๋ถˆํŽธํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ฌด์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋“ค์„ ์ธก์ •๋œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์ฐจ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Can you imagine a social network that -- let's say you care about cooking, and it measured its success in terms of cooking nights organized and the cooking articles that you were glad you read, and subtracted from that the articles you weren't glad you read or the time you spent scrolling that you didn't like?
IWSLT2017
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์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ์˜๊ฒŒ ์ œ์•ˆ๋ฐ›์•˜๋˜ ์ง์—…๋“ค๋กœ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ด ์ธก์ •์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒ์„ ํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
Imagine a professional social network that, instead of measuring its success in terms of connections created instead measured its success in terms of the job offers that people got that they were excited to get.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์— ํˆฌ์žํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋นผ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
And subtracted the amount of time people spent on the website.
IWSLT2017
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๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํŠธ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ํ‹ด๋” ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ๋ง์ด์ฃ . ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์™ผ์ชฝ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์Šคํฌ๋กค์„ ๋„˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์„ธ๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ๊นŠ๊ณ , ๋‚ญ๋งŒ์ ์ด๊ณ , ์„ฑ์ทจ๊ฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๋Š๊ผˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ธก์ •์„ ํ•ด๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Or imagine dating services, like maybe Tinder or something, where instead of measuring the number of swipes left and right people did, which is how they measure success today, instead measured the deep, romantic, fulfilling connections people created.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
Whatever that was for them, by the way.
IWSLT2017
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ž˜ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
But can you imagine a whole world that worked this way, that was helping you spend your time well?
IWSLT2017
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์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋ณด๋‚ธ์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ• ํ…Œ์ฃ .
Now to do this you also need a new system, because you're probably thinking, today's Internet economy -- today's economy in general -- is measured in time spent.
IWSLT2017
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์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฅ ์ด ๋” ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋” ์“ธ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ด ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ์„ฑ๊ณต์˜ ์ฒ™๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ฃ .
The more users you have, the more usage you have, the more time people spend, that's how we measure success.
IWSLT2017
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ’€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
But we've solved this problem before.
IWSLT2017
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ–ˆ์ฃ . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งค๊ฒจ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ• ๋•Œ
We solved it with organic, when we said we need to value things a different way.
IWSLT2017
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
We said this is a different kind of food.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฑด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์˜ ์Œ์‹์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
So we can't compare it just based on price; this is a different category of food.
IWSLT2017
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์ฆ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์„ธ์› ์ฃ .
We solved it with Leed Certification, where we said this is a different kind of building that stood for different values of environmental sustainability.
IWSLT2017
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ์ ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”?
What if we had something like that for technology?
IWSLT2017
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์ด์ฒด์  ๋ชฉํ‘œ์™€ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์‚ถ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”?
What if we had something whose entire purpose and goal was to help create net new positive contributions to human life?
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งค๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”. ์ •๋ง๋กœ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์šฉํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
And what if we could value it a different way, so it would actually work?
IWSLT2017
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•ฑ์Šคํ† ์–ด์—์„œ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ์—„ ์„ ๋ฐ˜์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
Imagine you gave this different premium shelf space on app stores.
IWSLT2017
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋””์ž์ธ ์ƒํ’ˆ๋“ค๋กœ ์ด๋Œ์–ด ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์›น๋ธŒ๋ผ์šฐ์ €๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
Imagine you had web browsers that helped route you to these kinds of design products.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•ด์„œ ์‚ด๋ฉด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šธ์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ดค์–ด์š”?
Can you imagine how exciting it would be to live and create that world?
IWSLT2017
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
We can create this world today.
IWSLT2017
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ง€๋„์ž ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ํ•  ์ผ์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฒ• ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์‚ถ์— ๊ธ์ •์  ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๋กœ ๋‘๊ณ 
Company leaders, all you have to do -- only you can prioritize a new metric, which is your metric for net positive contribution to human life.
IWSLT2017
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์ •์งํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And have an honest conversation about that.
IWSLT2017
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์•„๋งˆ ์‹œ์ž‘์ด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
Maybe you're not doing so well to start with, but let's start that conversation.
IWSLT2017
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๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์„ฑ๊ณต๊ณผ ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ์žฌ์ •์˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Designers, you can redefine success; you can redefine design.
IWSLT2017
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์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ฑด๋ฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์กฐ์ง์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ์‚ด์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํž˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Arguably, you have more power than many people in your organization to create the choices that all of us live by.
IWSLT2017
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์˜๋ฃŒ๊ณ„์—๋Š” ํžˆํฌํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค์˜ ์„ ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์„ ๋Œ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ€์น˜์™€ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ธ์ง€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
Maybe like in medicine, where we have a Hippocratic oath to recognize the responsibility and this higher value that we have to treat patients.
IWSLT2017
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๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋“ค๋„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋””์ž์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ทธ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
What if designers had something like that, in terms of this new kind of design?
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
And users, for all of us -- we can demand technology that works this way.
IWSLT2017
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ํž˜๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋งฅ๋„๋‚ ๋“œ์— ์ƒ๋Ÿฌ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
Now it may seem hard, but McDonald's didn't have salads until the consumer demand was there.
IWSLT2017
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์†Œ๋น„์ž์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์›”๋งˆํŠธ์— ์œ ๊ธฐ๋† ์Œ์‹์ด ์—†์—ˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
Walmart didn't have organic food until the consumer demand was there.
IWSLT2017
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
We have to demand this new kind of technology.
IWSLT2017
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
And we can do that.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ฒœ์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋งŒ์„ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ์šด์šฉ๋œ ์„ธ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์šด์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
And doing that would amount to shifting from a world that's driven and run entirely on time spent, to world that's driven by time well spent.
IWSLT2017
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋Œ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
I want to live in this world, and I want this conversation to happen.
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์ด ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
Let's start that conversation now.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Thank you.
IWSLT2017
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‚˜๋ฆ„์˜ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
So we all have our own biases.
IWSLT2017
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ . ๋ชฐ๋ฝํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์—์š”.
For example, some of us tend to think that it's very difficult to transform failing government systems.
IWSLT2017
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ถ€ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆด ๋•Œ ๊ตฌ์‹์ด๋ฉฐ ๋‚˜๋ฆ„๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ฆฌ๋”์‰ฝ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ด€๋ฃŒ์ ์ด์–ด์„œ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
When we think of government systems, we tend to think that they're archaic, set in their ways, and perhaps, the leadership is just too bureaucratic to be able to change things.
IWSLT2017
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์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๊ทธ ์ด๋ก ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ” ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Well, today, I want to challenge that theory.
IWSLT2017
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ํฐ ์ •๋ถ€ ์ฒด๊ณ„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋กœ์„œ ๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ๊ธธ์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฝค ๊ฒฝ์ด์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€ ์ •๋ถ€ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 3๋…„๋„ ์•ˆ ๋œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
I want to tell you a story of a very large government system that has not only put itself on the path of reform but has also shown fairly spectacular results in less than three years.
IWSLT2017
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์ด ๋ชจ์Šต์ด ์ธ๋„ ๊ณต๋ฆฝํ•™๊ต ๊ต์‹ค์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
This is what a classroom in a public school in India looks like.
IWSLT2017
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์ธ๋„์—๋Š” ์ €๋Ÿฐ ํ•™๊ต๊ฐ€ 100๋งŒ ๊ณณ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
There are 1 million such schools in India.
IWSLT2017
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์ธ๋„์—์„œ ํ‰์ƒ์„ ์‚ด์•„ ์˜จ ์ €๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ•™๊ต์— ๋ฐœ์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ ๋†“๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฝค ๊ฐ€์Šด ์•„ํ”ˆ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And even for me, who's lived in India all her life, walking into one of these schools is fairly heartbreaking.
IWSLT2017
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์•„์ด๋“ค์ด 11์‚ด์ด ๋˜๋ฉด 50ํผ์„ผํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ํ•œ์ฐธ ๋’ค์ณ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํšŒ๋ณตํ•  ํฌ๋ง์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†์ฃ .
By the time kids are 11, 50 percent of them have fallen so far behind in their education that they have no hope to recover.
IWSLT2017
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11์‚ด๋œ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ง์…ˆ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11-year-olds cannot do simple addition, they cannot construct a grammatically correct sentence.
IWSLT2017
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8์‚ด ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ธ๋ฐ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
These are things that you and I would expect an 8-year-old to be able to do.
IWSLT2017
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์•„์ด๋“ค์ด 13์‚ด ๋˜๋Š” 14์‚ด์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์ค‘ํ‡ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
By the time kids are 13 or 14, they tend to drop out of schools.
IWSLT2017
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์ธ๋„์—์„œ ๊ณต๋ฆฝํ•™๊ต๋Š” ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ, ์—ฐ์Šต ๋ฌธ์ œ์ง‘, ์‹์‚ฌ๋„ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข…์ข… ์žฅํ•™๊ธˆ์„ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
In India, public schools not only offer free education -- they offer free textbooks, free workbooks, free meals, sometimes even cash scholarships.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ์š”์ฆ˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค 40ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋Š” ์ž๋…€๋“ค์„ ๊ณต๋ฆฝํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๋Œ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์™€์„œ ์ž๋น„๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฆฝํ•™๊ต์— ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And yet, 40 percent of the parents today are choosing to pull their children out of public schools and pay out of their pockets to put them in private schools.
IWSLT2017
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์ž‘ 10ํผ์„ผํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
As a comparison, in a far richer country, the US, that number is only 10 percent.
IWSLT2017
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์ธ๋„์˜ ๊ณต๋ฆฝ๊ต์œก์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ง๊ฐ€์กŒ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์–ด๋งˆ์–ด๋งˆํ•œ ์ˆ˜์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
That's a huge statement on how broken the Indian public education system is.
IWSLT2017
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์—์„œ 2013๋…„ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„ ์ „ํ™” ํ•œํ†ต์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๋‚˜ ๋ผ์ž”์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
So it was with that background that I got a call in the summer of 2013 from an absolutely brilliant lady called Surina Rajan.
IWSLT2017
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๋‹น์‹œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์ธ๋„์˜ ์ฃผ์—์„œ ๊ต์œก๋ถ€ ์ˆ˜์žฅ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
She was, at that time, the head of the Department of School Education in a state called Haryana in India.
IWSLT2017
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"๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ตœ๊ทผ 2๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ต์œก๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
So she said to us, "Look, I've been heading this department for the last two years.
IWSLT2017
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์•„๋ฌด ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
I've tried a number of things, and nothing seems to work.
IWSLT2017
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ํ˜น์‹œ ๋„์™€ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?"
Can you possibly help?"
IWSLT2017
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ํ•˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋‚˜ ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
Let me describe Haryana a little bit to you.
IWSLT2017
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ํ•˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋‚˜๋Š” 3์ฒœ๋งŒ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Haryana is a state which has 30 million people.
IWSLT2017
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1๋งŒ 5์ฒœ ๊ณณ์˜ ๊ณต๋ฆฝํ•™๊ต๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  2๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์ด ๊ณต๋ฆฝํ•™๊ต์— ๋‹ค๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
It has 15,000 public schools and 2 million plus children in those public schools.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ „ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ €๋Š” ์ฃผ์™€ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋•๊ธฐ๋กœ ์•ฝ์†ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŽ˜๋ฃจ๋‚˜ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋งŒํผ์ด๋‚˜ ํฐ ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœํ˜์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋•๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
So basically, with that phone call, I promised to help a state and system which was as large as that of Peru or Canada transform itself.
IWSLT2017
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์ด ์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
As I started this project, I was very painfully aware of two things.
IWSLT2017
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์ฒซ์งธ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„ ํ•ด ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
One, that I had never done anything like this before.
IWSLT2017
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๋‘˜์งธ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ๋ชป ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
And two, many others had, perhaps without too much success.
IWSLT2017
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๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ €๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ „์—ญ๊ณผ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋‚˜์—์„œ ๋”ฐ๋ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
As my colleagues and I looked across the country and across the world, we couldn't find another example that we could just pick up and replicate in Haryana.
IWSLT2017
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ธธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
We knew that we had to craft our own journey.
IWSLT2017
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณง์žฅ ๋›ฐ์–ด ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋›ฐ์–ด ๋“ค์ž๋งˆ์ž ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค์ด ๋‚ ์•„์˜ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
But anyway, we jumped right in and as we jumped in, all sorts of ideas started flying at us.
IWSLT2017
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ . "๊ต์‚ฌ ์ฑ„์šฉ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ‰์‹œ๋‹ค." "์ƒˆ๋กœ ๊ต์žฅ์„ ์ฑ„์šฉํ•ด ํ›ˆ๋ จ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์™ธ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๋ณด๋ƒ…์‹œ๋‹ค." "๊ต์‹ค์— ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‹ฌ์์‹œ๋‹ค."
People said, "Let's change the way we recruit teachers, let's hire new principals and train them and send them on international learning tours, let's put technology inside classrooms."
IWSLT2017
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์ฒซ ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚  ๋ฌด๋ ต์— 50๊ฐœ์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™”์ฃ . ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋†€๋ž๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
By the end of week one, we had 50 ideas on the table, all amazing, all sounded right.
IWSLT2017
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50๊ฐœ์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
There was no way we were going to be able to implement 50 things.
IWSLT2017
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ . "์ž ๊น๋งŒ์š”. ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ์š”."
So I said, "Hang on, stop.
IWSLT2017
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"์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ์ทจํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋จผ์ € ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค."
Let's first at least decide what is it we're trying to achieve."
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐ€๊ณ  ๋‹น๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋…ผ์Ÿ ๋์— ํ•˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์„ธ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "2020๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์•„์ด๋“ค 80ํผ์„ผํŠธ๊ฐ€ ํ•™๋…„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ง€์‹์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ธธ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค."
So with a lot of push and pull and debate, Haryana set itself a goal which said: by 2020, we want 80 percent of our children to be at grade-level knowledge.
IWSLT2017
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์˜ ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ๋“ค์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Now the specifics of the goal don't matter here, but what matters is how specific the goal is.
IWSLT2017
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๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ด๋ฉด ๋˜์ ธ์ง„ ๋งŽ์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Because it really allowed us to take all those ideas which were being thrown at us and say which ones we were going to implement.
IWSLT2017
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์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์œ ์ง€ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
Does this idea support this goal? If yes, let's keep it.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ œ์ณ๋†“์์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋งŒํผ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ฃผ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ „๋ฉด์— ์„ธ์šฐ๋ฉด ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฌ์ •์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์˜ˆ๋ฆฌํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
As simple as it sounds, having a very specific goal right up front has really allowed us to be very sharp and focused in our transformation journey.
IWSLT2017
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์ง€๋‚œ 2๋…„ ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋˜๋Œ์•„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And looking back over the last two and a half years, that has been a huge positive for us.
IWSLT2017
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๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋ง๊ฐ€์กŒ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
So we had the goal, and now we needed to figure out what are the issues, what is broken.
IWSLT2017
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ต์œก ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ํ˜•ํŽธ์—†๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ฒŒ์œผ๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•™๊ต์— ๋‚˜์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด๋Šฅ๋ ฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค.
Before we went into schools, a lot of people told us that education quality is poor because either the teachers are lazy, they don't come into schools, or they're incapable, they actually don't know how to teach.
IWSLT2017
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•™๊ต ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Well, when we went inside schools, we found something completely different.
IWSLT2017
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋‚ ์— ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ•™๊ต ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
On most days, most teachers were actually inside schools.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ต์ˆ˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And when you spoke with them, you realized they were perfectly capable of teaching elementary classes.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
But they were not teaching.
IWSLT2017
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ต์‹ค์ด๋‚˜ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค ์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ๊ฐ๋…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
I went to a school where the teachers were getting the construction of a classroom and a toilet supervised.
IWSLT2017
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ช…์˜ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜ ์€ํ–‰ ์ง€์ ์— ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ณ„์ขŒ๋กœ ์žฅํ•™๊ธˆ์„ ์˜ˆ์น˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์˜€์ฃ .
I went to another school where two of the teachers had gone to a nearby bank branch to deposit scholarship money into kids' accounts.
IWSLT2017
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