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Introduction
Ian Stanley Palmer is a South African professional golfer.
Palmer was born in Uitenhage. He turned professional in 1981 and has won the 1985 PAN AM Wild Coast Sun Classic and the 1991 Nissan Challenge on the Southern Africa Tour. He also played on the European Tour for several years, winning the 1992 Johnnie Walker Asian Classic and the 1993 Jersey European Airways Open. He finished a career best 45th on the European Tour Order of Merit in each of those two seasons.
Professional wins (4)
European Tour wins (2)
No.
Date
Tournament
Winning score
Margin ofvictory
Runner(s)-up
1
2 Feb 1992
Johnnie Walker Asian Classic
−20 (66-67-67-68=268)
1 stroke
Bernhard Langer, Brett Ogle, Ronan Rafferty
2
20 Jun 1993
Jersey European Airways Open
−20 (68-67-70-63=268)
2 strokes
Sam Torrance
Sunshine Tour wins (3)
1985 PAN AM Wild Coast Sun Classic
1989 State Mines Open
1991 Nissan Challenge
Results in major championships
Tournament
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
The Open Championship
CUT
CUT
Note: Palmer only played in The Open Championship.
CUT = missed the half-way cut |
Introduction
Svenska Automobilfabriken was a Swedish car manufacturer founded in Bollnäs in December 1919. It assembled US cars based on Pullman Motor Co chassis bought when Pullman went bankrupt in 1917, and fitted them with coachworks and adapted them for Swedish conditions. The engine was a Golden, Belknapp & Swartz giving 32 hp. It was fitted with a Stromberg carburettor and had a 50-litre gasoline tank. People who earlier had worked on Rengsjöbilen were among the employees. SAF bought 40 Pullman chassis, and built 28 SAF cars before the company went bankrupt in 1921. The remaining stock (with or without bodywork) was sold out over a few years. |
Introduction
Nicola Loud is a British violinist who, in 1990 at the age of 15, became BBC Young Musician of the Year.
Early life and career
She studied at the Royal Academy of Music with her principal tutor György Pauk who described her as: "Very musical, with fantastic flair and presence - one of the most talented British violinists I had ever come across.".
From London she went to study in New York City with Cho-Liang Lin at the Juilliard School of Music. Loud has performed as a soloist with most of the major UK orchestras and also performs chamber music. In 2001 she created her one-woman show which features a wide range of repertoire including classical, jazz and film music.
In 2003, Nicola Loud was awarded an ARAM by the Royal Academy of Music and in 2008 became a television presenter for the BBC, co-hosting the concerto final of BBC Young Musician of the Year in Cardiff. As a past winner, she was also featured in a documentary celebrating 30 years of the competition, and provided the commentary for the Eurovision Young Musicians 2008 program on BBC Four.
Personal life
In 2012, Loud married Rupert Allason, who writes about espionage under the pen name Nigel West. |
Introduction
Reubin Field was a woodsman and skilled hunter. With his brother Joseph, he was a member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, as one of the "nine young men from Kentucky" and one of the first to be recruited in August 1803. Both were mentioned many times in the journals of Lewis and Clark. The Field Brothers were also some of the best hunters on the expedition
Field was born on Naylor Branch, near Owingsville. (US indexed County Land Ownership Maps 1860–1918). Wyoming Precinct No.2)
He married Mary Myrtle in Indiana in 1807, but they had no children. They became farmers in Louisville, Kentucky. He then later died after April 22, 1822. |
Introduction
Eugene Anthony Clines was an American professional baseball player and coach. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as an outfielder from 1970 to 1979, most prominently as a member of the Pittsburgh Pirates teams that won four National League Eastern Division titles in five seasons between 1970 and 1974, and won the World Series in 1971. He also played for the New York Mets, Texas Rangers, and Chicago Cubs. He batted and threw right-handed. After his playing career, Clines served as a coach for various clubs, including the Cubs, Houston Astros, Seattle Mariners, Milwaukee Brewers, and San Francisco Giants, and an advisor with the Los Angeles Dodgers later in his career.
Playing career
Clines attended Harry Ells High School in Richmond, California. The Pittsburgh Pirates selected Clines in the sixth round of the 1966 MLB draft.
A fast runner with excellent defensive skills, Clines debuted in 1970 with the Pirates as a reserve outfielder, hitting .405 (15-for-37) in 31 games in his rookie year. On September 1, 1971, Clines played in MLB's first-ever all-minority batting lineup.
Clines went to the postseason with Pittsburgh in the 1971, 1972, and 1974 National League Championship Series, winning a World Series ring with the Pirates in . His most productive season came in 1972, when he posted career-highs in average (.334), doubles (15), and triples (6) in 107 games.
After the 1974 season, the Pirates traded Clines to the New York Mets for Duffy Dyer. After the 1975 season, the Mets traded him to the Texas Rangers for Joe Lovitto. Before the 1977 season, the Rangers sent Clines to the Chicago Cubs as the player to be named later in the earlier trade for Darold Knowles. The Cubs released Clines in May 1979. He batted .277 in 10 MLB seasons.
Coaching career
Clines remained with the Cubs as a coach. He stayed on Chicago's coaching staff until 1981, and then joined the Houston Astros organization as a roving minor league hitting instructor, a position he held through 1987. Later, he worked as a hitting coach for Houston in 1988. The Seattle Mariners hired Clines as their hitting coach before the 1988 season. He spent six seasons as a hitting coach for the Mariners, and was fired after the 1992 season. He was the hitting coach for the Milwaukee Brewers in 1993 and 1994 before joining the San Francisco Giants as a minor league hitting coordinator. After the 1996 season, the Giants promoted him to be their major league hitting coach.
After the 2002 season, Giants' manager Dusty Baker was hired to manage the Cubs. Baker brought Clines to Chicago with him as his first base coach. He was named hitting coach prior to the 2005 season. Baker was fired after the 2006 season, and his coaching staff was dismissed with him.
The Los Angeles Dodgers hired Clines as their roving outfield and base-running instructor in October 2006; he convinced Juan Pierre to sign with the Dodgers the next month. After the 2011 season, he was promoted to the position of senior advisor for player development with the Dodgers.
Personal life
Clines and his ex-wife, Fay, had three children. Clines died at his residence in Bradenton, Florida, on January 27, 2022, at the age of 75. |
Introduction
Gauged supergravity is a supergravity theory in which some R-symmetry is gauged such that the gravitinos (superpartners of the graviton) are charged with respect to the gauge fields. Consistency of the supersymmetry transformation often requires
the presence of the potential for the scalar fields of the theory, or the cosmological constant if the theory
contains no scalar degree of freedom. The gauged supergravity often has the anti-de Sitter space as a supersymmetric vacuum.
Notable exception is a six-dimensional N(1,0) gauged supergravity.
"Gauged supergravity" in this sense should be contrasted with Yang–Mills–Einstein supergravity in which some other would-be global symmetries of the theory are gauged and fields other than the gravitinos are charged with respect to the gauge fields. |
Introduction
Isihia are a Bulgarian music band founded in 2000, the style of which unites elements of Bulgarian folklore and Hesychast Christian chant of the 14th century to create an atmosphere of Balkan spiritual mysticism. Many of the group's songs cover topics of the medieval history of Bulgaria, mostly the period of the Ottoman invasion of the Balkans and the attempts on its repulsion and the early Ottoman rule of Bulgaria, i.e. the 14th-15th century, but also other moments of hardship such as the tragic Battle of Klyuch of 1014.
Members
The band has four members:
Evgeni Nikolov (lead vocals)
Veselin Mitev (vocals, kaval, gaida, duduk)
Petar Delchev (tambura, cello-tambura)
Panayot Angelov (percussions)
Former members
*Marin Genchev (took part in Isihia album recordings)
Kalin Yordanov (took part in Isihia album recording)
Tatyana Yossifova (took part in Isihia and Orisiya album recordings)
Moni Monchev (took part in Orisiya album recordings)
Vlado Chiflidjanov (took part in Isihia and Orisiya album records, now a guest musician with the band)
Albums
Isihia have released two separate albums, the eponymous Isihia from 2001 and Orisiya that was used as the music of Neshka Robeva's dance show by the same name, and the double-CD Stihiri/Otkrovenia (Sticherons/Revelations). A compilation of Isihia music also served as the soundtrack of the 2000 film Isihia by the Bulgarian National Television. In addition, the band's eponymous album was re-released by the Austrian company Polyglobe Music with song titles in English and an additional track.
Isihia track listing
#"Preobrazhenie (Transfiguration)"
#"Gospodi Vozvah (God, I called Thee)"
#"Tzaryat Fruzhin"
#"Chernomen"
#"1393"
#"Vetre" (Wind)
#"Saruyar"
Orisiya track listing
# "Klyuch" (Key)
# "Rodopa"
# "Ugar"
# "Kosti" (Bones)
# "Turkish Dance"
# "The Curse"
# "Chakrak"
# "Introduction"
# "Aramii"
# "Gospodi Vozvah" (God, I Called Thee)
# "Vetre" (Wind)
Stihiri / Otkrovenia track listing
CD 1 - Stihiri
# "Ipostas" (Hypostasis)
# "Anahoret"
# "Katizma"
# "Vreme Razdelno" (Time Of Separation)
# "Za Vyarata na Shishmana" (For The Faith Of Shishman)
# "Bdenie" (Vigil)
# "S Bogom" (Go With God)
CD 2 - Otkrovenia (Revelations)
# "Otkrovenie 1"
# "Otkrovenie 2"
# "Otkrovenie 3"
# "Otkrovenie 4"
# "Otkrovenie 5"
# "Otkrovenie 6"
# "Otkrovenie 7"
# "Otkrovenie 8"
# "Otkrovenie 9"
# "Otkrovenie 10"
# "Otkrovenie 11"
# "Otkrovenie 12"
# "Otkrovenie 13"
# "Otkrovenie 14"
Singles
The single "For The Faith of Shishman" has been published on 6.May.2009 St. George's day (also day of the Bulgarian Army).
The single was published in electronic form only, via M-Tel's Vodafone live! portal. |
Introduction
Alan Brind is an English violinist. He performed as a soloist for several years after winning the 1986 BBC Young Musician of the Year at the age of 17. He has since performed in many of the world's leading chamber ensembles and symphony orchestras.
Brind studied with Frederick Grinke, Manoug Parikian, Anne-Sophie Mutter, Zakhar Bron and Christopher Warren-Green. He has performed as soloist with the London Symphony Orchestra, Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, BBC Philharmonic, Danish Radio Symphony Orchestra, Hilversum Radio Orchestra, London Chamber Orchestra and the English Chamber Orchestra.
Following two years as concertmaster of the European Community Youth Orchestra, Brind was a founder member of the European Soloists Ensemble. He was also a member of the Mullova Ensemble which recorded the Bach violin concertos on Philips Classics Records. Fellow members included Klaus Stoll, François Leleux, Marco Postinghel and Manuel Fischer-Dieskau. As an orchestral musician he has played in the Philharmonia Orchestra, London Symphony Orchestra, Academy of St Martin in the Fields, Lucerne Festival Orchestra, London Chamber Orchestra, Netherlands Chamber Orchestra and the English Chamber Orchestra. He is also a member of the Human Rights Orchestra. Conductors he has played under include Bernard Haitink, Claudio Abbado, Carlo Maria Giulini, Yevgeny Svetlanov, Riccardo Muti, Gustavo Dudamel, Charles Dutoit and Kurt Sanderling.
Brind's recordings include the Sibelius Violin Concerto and Chausson Poème with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra for Chandos Records and Stravinsky's The Soldier's Tale, with Vladimir and Dimitri Ashkenazy for Decca Records.
Brind has recently been appointed professor of violin at the Royal Conservatory of Brussels.
Personal life
Brind lives in the Netherlands with his wife, Colombian scientist Alejandra Maria Ruiz Zapata. He has a daughter, the DJ Katia Mullova-Brind from an earlier relationship with violinist Viktoria Mullova. |
Introduction
Def Squad is an American rap supergroup consisting of Erick Sermon, Redman, Keith Murray, Hurricane G, and Jamal. Before officially forming as a group to release an album in 1998, they had each been featured on tracks by each other. The Def Squad was formed following the disbandment of the Hit Squad, who broke up after the struggles between EPMD members Erick Sermon and Parrish Smith.
They are known for their remake of "Rapper's Delight" by Sugarhill Gang.
The Squad continued to record on each other's solo albums.
Discography
Album information
El Niño
Released: June 30, 1998
Billboard 200 chart position: #2
R&B/Hip-Hop chart position: #1
Last RIAA Certification: Gold
Singles: "Full Cooperation" |
Introduction
BloodNet is a cyberpunk-themed role-playing video game video game developed and published by MicroProse for MS-DOS in 1993. An Amiga port was released in 1994 by Catfish and Teeny Weeny Games. An emulated version for Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X and Linux was released in 2014.
Gameplay
The interface in BloodNet is standard point and click with some icon-based commands available from a drop down menu. The game features written dialog and puzzles, in addition to an open-ended travel system and random encounters. An alternate "cyberspace universe" is also part of the gameplay, where codewords are needed to travel to different "wells" (cyberspace locations). Role-playing elements are also present in Bloodnet: the player character and other recruitable characters for the player's party have number-based stats (such as Perception, Hacking, etc.), and combat is based on the player character's attributes and stats.
Plot
A mix of future tech and gothic vampire story, in the cyberpunk style, BloodNet puts the player into the role of a man named Ransom Stark, who must battle a vampire named Abraham Van Helsing who is attempting world domination and save both humanity and the cybernet. Ransom Stark was bitten by the aforementioned vampire, but is able to fight off the infection with the help of a computer grafted onto his brain stem. He must then embark on a journey to defeat the head vampire, Dracula, to stop the infection.
Reception
Computer Gaming World in February 1994 approved of BloodNet combining vampires and cyberpunk, non-linear gameplay, "interesting" characters and storyline, and streamlined interface. The reviewer said, however, that "the game as a whole left me vaguely dissatisfied", citing a lack of direction in the story and pacing, lack of detail in Cyberspace, "confusing and frustrating" combat, and an unavoidable repeating random encounter. He concluded that BloodNet was "a gem without polish". Dragon gave the game 3 out of 5 stars. Pelit rated BloodNet 82% in the February 1994 issue, with the summary of "beautiful graphics, great atmosphere, but almost everything could have done better".
BloodNet was a runner-up for Computer Gaming Worlds Role-Playing Game of the Year award in June 1994, losing to Betrayal at Krondor. The editors wrote that BloodNets "script ... is one of the most interesting to hit this genre, and the surrealistic aspects to the art style are definitely fascinating". Richard Cobbett of PC Gamer, retrospectively reviewing the game in 2013, gave it a negative review stating that it was confusing, dull, and tedious.
The One gave the Amiga version of BloodNet an overall score of 84%, stating that "The AI system is great ... with party characters volunteering for jobs, offering opinions and reacting to your actions. It's the best implementation of this idea I've seen." The One praised the rendered 3D-esque graphics, and also expressed their reliance on the manual for reference to items in the game, as they describe BloodNet as being "littered with objects that seem to serve no purpose ... lots of flipping back and forth between pages is necessary." The One also criticized the amount of disk swapping needed to play the game, frustrated that common actions such as examining objects and dialogue requires this, furthermore saying "it's just not playable from floppy. Shame on you, Gametek, for suggesting, even if only by omission, that it is."
Legacy
A company called "Megalo Music" claims to have written the music for a game titled Bloodnet 2000, which may or may not be a proposed sequel to Bloodnet. The game designer for Bloodnet, John Antinori, has since stated that the sequel was "never meaningfully worked on", and that he never would have agreed to the title "Bloodnet 2000" because "Bloodnet was set well in future past 2000".
Tommo purchased the rights to this game and digitally published it through its Retroism brand in 2015. Bloodnet was re-released digitally on GOG.com on January 9, 2014 and on Steam on October 17, 2014. |
Introduction
Electric Gumbo: A Lansdale Reader is one of the rarer compilations of Joe R. Lansdale's short works. It has only been published once, exclusively by the Quality Paperback Book Club in trade paperback form in 1994.
It contains:
Introduction
The Drive-In full reprinting (nominated for Bram Stoker Award)
By Bizarre Hands {originally published in Hardboiled #9 (1988)}
Drive-In Date {originally published in Night Visions 8}
The Events Concerning a Nude Fold-Out Found in a Harlequin Romance {originally published in Dark at Heart, ed. Joe & Karen Lansdale (1992)}
The Fat Man and the Elephant {originally published in By Bizarre Hands}
A Hard-On for Horror: Low Budget Excitement {extended from shorter version, probably published in 1985 in Twilight Zone Magazine, or at some point in 1992}
Hell Through A Windshield {extended from shorter version published in Twilight Zone Magazine, Mar/Apr 1985}
The Job {originally published in Razored Saddles, ed. Joe R. Lansdale & Pat LoBrutto (1989)}
Mister Weed-Eater {originally published by (James) Cahill Press (1993)}
Night They Missed the Horror Show (winner of Bram Stoker Award) {originally published in Silver Scream, ed. David J. Schow (1988)}
On the Far Side of the Cadillac Desert With Dead Folks (winner of Bram Stoker Award) {originally published in Book of the Dead, ed. John M. Skipp & Craig Spector (1989)}
The Phone Woman {originally published in Night Visions 8}
The Pit {originally published in The Black Lizard Anthology of Crime Fiction, ed. Ed Gorman (1987)}
The Steel Valentine {originally published in By Bizarre Hands}
Steppin' Out, Summer, '68 {originally published in Night Visions 8}
Tight Little Stitches In A Dead Man's Back {originally published in Nukes, ed. John Maclay (1986)}
Trains Not Taken {originally published in RE:AL, Spring 1987}
Wild Bill's Body
This compilation contains nothing exclusive. |
Introduction
Vishnu Shridhar Wakankar was an Indian archeologist. Wakankar is credited with the discovery of the Bhimbetka rock caves in 1957 and the Kayatha culture in 1964, among others. In 2003, UNESCO inscribed the Bhimbetka rock caves as a World Heritage Site. The Bhimbetka rock caves exhibit one of the earliest traces of human life in India.
Activities of Wakankar Shodh Sansthan
Rock arts
Wakankar the "Pitamaha" of Rock Art School in India had carried out extensive work on Rock Art in India and abroad since 1954. In this connection, he studied rock arts in UK, Austria, France, Italy, Germany, Spain, Greece, Mexico, Egypt and USA.
With co-workers including Surendrakumar Arya, Daljit Kaur, Girish Chandra Sharma, Narayan Vyas, Giriraj, Kailash Pande, Pancholiji, Jitendradutta Tripathi, Bharati Shrotri, Dubey as well as U. N. Mishra, Lothar Banke, Irwin Mayer and Robert Brooks he did extensive research in the field of rock arts.
Wakankar discovered and studied more than 4000 rock caves in India and also discovered rock shelter paintings in Europe and America, dating of Indian artists activities date back to 40,000 years ago.
Today "Wakankar Shodh Sansthan" boasts of a private collection of about 7500 sketches of Rock art paintings sketched by Wakankar of which about 4000 are those discovered by Wakankar.
Archeological Surveys
Beginning in 1954, Wakankar along with his students Sachida Nagdev, Muzaffar Qureshi, Rahim Guttiwala, explored the ravines of Chambal and Narmada rivers and carried out excavations at Maheshwar (1954), Navada Toli (1955), Manoti (1960), Awara (1960), Indragadh (1959), Kayatha (1966), Mandsaur(1974, 1976), Azadnagar(1974), Dangawada (1974, 1982), Verconium Roman site in England (1961) and Incoliev in France (1962), Runija (1980).
Numismatics and Epigraphy
An expert in the field of numismatics and epigraphy Wakankar collected and studied about 5500 coins ranging from 5th Century B. C. onwards. These are today the pride collection of the "Wakankar Shodh Sansthan".
Jagannath Dubey, Murali Reddy, Narayan Bhatiji have contributed immensely to this Herculean task of collection and painstaking study. Apart from this, he studied more than 15000 coins at Ujjain.
Similarly, ranging from 2nd Century B. C. is a collection of about 250 inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, Brahmi languages which enriches the collection of "Wakankar Shodh Sansthan".
Epilogue
Wakankar continued his research in ancient archaeology and ancient Indian history. He was responsible for tracing the basin of the now-dried-up Saraswati river, that is said to hold secrets to much of the Indian civilization. The institutions he founded are alive today and can be visited in Ujjain. |
Introduction
Silviu Lung is a retired Romanian football goalkeeper and current manager.
Playing career
Club career
Silviu Lung was born on 9 September 1956 in Sânmiclăuș, Satu Mare and started to play football in 1971 at Victoria Carei in Divizia C, being helped by a rule that the Romanian Football Federation imposed, which was the use of a junior player in the games from the lower leagues. He went to play Universitatea Craiova, making his Divizia A debut on 29 August 1974 in a 1–0 victory against Politehnica Timișoara. Lung went on to play 14 seasons with Universitatea Craiova, being part of the "Craiova Maxima" generation, helping them win two consecutive league titles in 1980 and 1981, at the first he contributed with only 3 appearances because he was diagnosed with hepatitis and at the second he played 20 games. He also won the Cupa României four times, in the years 1977, 1978, 1981 and 1983. Silviu Lung was an integral part of "U" Craiova's team that reached the 1982–83 UEFA Cup semi-finals in which he made 10 appearances in the campaign. In 1988, he joined Steaua București and won The Double in his first season, appearing in 29 Divizia A matches, also helping the club reach the 1988–89 European Cup final, playing 9 games in the campaign, including the final which was lost with 4–0 in front of AC Milan. After the 1989 Romanian Revolution, Lung went to play abroad at Spanish team, Logroñés where in his single season spent at the club, he played only 9 games in La Liga, having suffered a knee injury. In 1991, he returned to Romania, first at Electroputere Craiova, then at FCU Craiova with whom he won a cup and made his last Divizia A appearance on 24 October 1993 in a 2–0 loss against FC Brașov. Silviu Lung has a total of 419 Divizia A appearances and 58 appearances in European competitions, also in 1984 he was the Romanian Footballer of the Year and in the same year he was nominated for the Ballon d'Or.
International career
Silviu Lung played 76 games for Romania, making his debut under coach Ștefan Kovács on 21 March 1979 in a friendly which ended with a 3–0 victory against Greece. His following game was a 2–2 against Spain at the Euro 1980 qualifiers. His following appearance for the national team came after 3 years and a half of absence in a 0–0 against Italy at the successful Euro 1984 qualifiers in which he made a total of five appearances. He was used two games by coach Mircea Lucescu at the Euro 1984 final tournament in a 1–1 against Spain and a 2–1 loss against West Germany as Romania did not pass the group stage. He played 7 games at the 1986 World Cup qualifiers, five at the Euro 1988 qualifiers and another five at the successful 1990 World Cup qualifiers, being used by coach Emerich Jenei as captain in all the minutes of the four matches from the final tournament, as Romania got eliminated by Ireland in the eight-finals. Silviu Lung played four games at the Euro 1992 qualifiers and made his last appearance for the national team on 2 June 1993 in a 5–2 loss against Czechoslovakia at the 1994 World Cup qualifiers.
For representing his country at the 1990 World Cup, Lung was decorated by President of Romania Traian Băsescu on 25 March 2008 with the Ordinul "Meritul Sportiv" – (The Medal "The Sportive Merit") class III.
Coaching career
After retirement he began his coach career and for over 20 years was the assistant coach or goalkeeping coach for clubs like: FCU Craiova, Național București, Nagoya Grampus, Pandurii Târgu Jiu, Astra Ploiești, CFR Cluj, Universitatea Craiova or Concordia Chiajna. Between 1995 and 1997 he was the head coach of Minerul Motru and earlier in 1994, of Olympique de Casablanca, these were his only jobs as a head coach, until December 2017, when he was announced as the new head coach of Liga III side, CSO Filiași.
Personal life
Silviu Lung has two sons, Tiberiu and Silviu Jr. who played as goalkeepers and also represented Romania at international level. In January 2014, Silviu Lung was involved in a car accident which killed the driver of the other vehicle, receiving a punishment of one year and four months suspended sentence.
Honours
Player
Universitatea Craiova
Divizia A: 1979–80, 1980–81
Cupa României: 1976–77, 1977–78, 1980–81, 1982–83
Steaua București
Divizia A: 1988–89
Cupa României: 1988–89
European Cup runner-up: 1988–89
FC U Craiova
Cupa României: 1992–93
Individual
Romanian Footballer of the Year: 1984
Ballon d'Or: 1984 (22nd place) |
Introduction
The grenadier cod or chiseltooth grenadier cod, Tripterophycis gilchristi, is a morid cod of the genus Tripterophycis, found in the mid-south Atlantic Ocean, and around southern Australia, South Africa, Sumatra, and New Zealand. This species is found in marine environments on the continental slope.
The average length of an unsexed male is about 33 cm. |
Introduction
Self was a series of three cyclecars built by the brothers Per and Hugo Wiertz in Svedala in 1916, 1919 and 1922.
The first car had a single-cylinder engine, the second a four-cylinder Phänomen and the third a Harley-Davidson V-twin engine. The cars were basically experimental cars and were probably scrapped quite soon. However the experience came in handy when the brothers started working at AB Thulinverken and participated in the development of the Thulin B. |
Introduction
Ulyanov, or Ulyanova is a common Russian last name and may refer to several people:
Alexander Ulyanov (1866–1887), Russian revolutionary, Vladimir Lenin's brother
Anatoliy Ulyanov (b. 1998), Ukrainian footballer
Anna Ulyanova (1864–1935), Russian revolutionary, Vladimir Lenin's sister
Boris Ulyanov (1891–1951), Russian tennis player
Dmitri Ilyich Ulyanov (1874–1943), Russian revolutionary, Vladimir Lenin's brother
Dmitri Nikolayevich Ulyanov (b. 1970), Soviet and Russian footballer
Dmytro Ulyanov (b. 1993), Ukrainian footballer
Grigory Ulyanov (1859–1912), Russian linguist
Ilya Ulyanov (1831–1886), Russian public figure in the field of public education and a teacher, Vladimir Lenin's father
Ivan Ulyanov (1884–1946), Russian revolutionary
Maria Alexandrovna Ulyanova (1835–1916), Vladimir Lenin's mother
Maria Ilyinichna Ulyanova (1878–1937), Vladimir Lenin's sister
Mikhail Ulyanov (1927–2007), Soviet actor
Mikhail Ivanovich Ulyanov (b. 1953), Russian diplomat
Nikolai Ulyanov (1875–1949), Russian painter and graphic artist
Olga Ilyinichna Ulyanova (1871–1891), Vladimir Lenin's sister
Olga Ulyanova (1922-2011), Vladimir Lenin's niece
Petr Lavrentyevich Ulyanov, (1928-2006), Mathematician
Vitaly Ulyanov (1925-?), Soviet soldier and Hero of the Soviet Union
Vladimir Ulyanov (Lenin) (1870–1924)
Vladimir Ulyanov (officer) (1965–2003), Russian army officer and Hero of Russia |
Introduction
Raymond Otis Whitley was a country and western singer and actor.
Career
Singing and live performance
Whitley was born in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. He began his singing career in New York City in 1930. He had traveled to New York where he became a construction worker on the Empire State Building and the George Washington Bridge. While working as a steelworker, he heard of an audition at a local radio station. He was hired as a pop singer and learned a few chords on a guitar to back himself. Soon he was backed by professional musicians, including the Frank Luther Trio. He formed "The Range Ramblers" and began to broadcast on WMCA. He then traveled with the World's Championship Rodeo organization, under the ownership of Colonel Johnson, renaming his band "Ray Whitley and The Six Bar Cowboys." Whitley was skilled in the use of the stockwhip and could remove a cigarette from a man's lips with a single stroke, using either hand.
Whitley recorded for several record labels, including Okeh, Apollo Records and Decca.
Development of the Gibson SJ-200
In 1937, Whitley had worked with Gibson on the production of the Gibson SJ-200 acoustic guitar, which was initially known as the "Super Jumbo". Whitley used his own time and money to design a guitar, which he took to Gibson. He explained the features and merits of the instrument, suggesting that by presenting them to other stars of the day, would result in really putting the Gibson name on the musical instrument map. As a result, Whitley was the first performer to own a Gibson SJ-200. The first SJ-200, custom built by Gibson for Whitley, is on display in the Country Music Hall of Fame Museum. The SJ-200 has since become an American icon, and has been played by hundreds of different guitarists over the years.
Motion pictures
In 1937, Ray Whitley was signed by RKO Radio Pictures as a specialty performer in the studio's "B" westerns starring George O'Brien, and O'Brien's successor Tim Holt. RKO also gave Whitley a starring series of his own: 18 two-reel musical short subjects, produced between 1937 and 1942.
In the late 1950s, Whitley made appearances on the Roy Rogers TV specials, he also appeared in the feature film Giant starring Elizabeth Taylor, Rock Hudson, and James Dean.
Whitley wrote the original western tune Back in the Saddle Again. The song was first performed by the author, Ray Whitley, in the western movie Border G-Man, in which he played the part of "Luke Jones.” Gene Autry heard it and bought the song for a reported $200, making it his theme song. Whitley and Autry changed the order of the verse and chorus, and made a very slight change in the melody, resulting in the present popular version. It is one of the most recognized and recorded Western music tunes in history.
Death and legacy
Ray Whitley died on February 21, 1979, while en route to a fishing trip to Mexico with his son-in-law, Hal Bracken.
Ray Whitley's original Gibson SJ-200 is on display at the Country Music Hall of Fame in Nashville Tennessee. He was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1981 and, in 1996, Whitley was inducted into the Western Music Association Hall of Fame.
Instruments
Ray Whitley also endorsed another Gibson made guitar, sold by the mail order house Montgomery Ward, under the house brand "Recording King." This highly esteemed guitar was marketed only in 1939, and featured the signature of Mr. Whitley on the headstock. 235 of these were made in mahogany, and 235 in rosewood. One of these instruments was the preferred guitar of American composer John Fahey, who recorded extensively on the instrument from 1969 until the mid-1970s. Fahey destroyed the guitar during a fight with his girl friend and replaced it with a Martin D-76.
Gibson Shipping Ledgers show the following totals for the Montgomery Ward – Recording King Ray Whitley Jumbo Models:
Total of 147 – RK Ray Whitley Model No. 1027 (Rosewood back & sides, "bat wing" shaped bridge)
Total of 170 – RK Ray Whitley Model No. 1028 (Mahogany back & sides, plain rectangle-style bridge)
Breaks down like this:
143 No. 1027s shipped in 1939
Only 4 No. 1027s shipped in 1940
115 No. 1028s were shipped in 1939
55 No. 1028s shipped in 1940
First shipment of 1027s – January 23, 1939 – Last: February 27, 1940,
First shipment of 1028s – June 23, 1939 – Last: June 13, 1940
Filmography
Feature films, featuring Ray Whitley
Film
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1936
King of the Royal Mounted
Singer
Uncredited
1936
Hopalong Cassidy Returns
Davis
1937
Hittin' the Trail
Guitar Player
1937
The Mystery of the Hooded Horsemen
Guitar Player
1937
The Old Wyoming Trail
Singing cowhand
Uncredited
1938
Where the West Begins
Singer / Henchman
Uncredited
1938
Rawhide
Gehrig Party Guitarist
Uncredited
1938
Gun Law
Sam McGee
1938
Border G-Man
Luke Jones
1938
Painted Desert
Steve
1938
The Renegade Ranger
Happy
1939
Trouble in Sundown
Andy
1939
Racketeers of the Range
Ray Whitley
1940
Wagon Train
Ned
1940
The Fargo Kid
Johnny
1941
Along the Rio Grande
'Smokey' Ryan
1941
Robbers of the Range
1941
Cyclone on Horseback
1941
Six-Gun Gold
1941
The Bandit Trail
1941
Dude Cowboy
1942
Riding the Wind
1942
Land of the Open Range
1942
Come on Danger
1942
Thundering Hoofs
1944
Boss of Boomtown
Corporal Clark
1944
Trigger Trail
Gilroy
1944
Trail to Gunsight
Barton, Cattle Buyer
1944
Riders of the Santa Fe
Deputy Hank
1944
The Old Texas Trail
Amarillo
1945
Hollywood and Vine
Tex
Uncredited
1945
Beyond the Pecos
Dan Muncie
1945
Renegades of the Rio Grande
Tex Henry
1946
West of the Alamo
Keno Wilson
1949
Gun Law Justice
Ray – Guitar Player
Uncredited
1953
Calamity Jane
Minor Role
Uncredited
1956
Giant
Watts
Short subjects, starring Ray Whitley and His Six Bar Cowboys
All produced and released by RKO Radio Pictures
Film
Year
Title
1937
Rhythm Wranglers
1938
A Buckaroo Broadcast
1938
A Western Welcome
1938
Prairie Papas
1939
Ranch House Romeo
1939
Sagebrush Serenade
1939
Cupid Rides the Range
1939
Bandits and Ballads
1940
Molly Cures a Cowboy
1940
Corralling a Schoolmarm
1940
Bar Buckaroos
1941
Prairie Spooners
1941
Red Skins and Red Heads
1941
The Musical Bandit
1941
California or Bust
1942
Keep Shooting
1942
Cactus Capers
1942
Range Rhythm |
Introduction
Marquette University Law School is the law school of Marquette University in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It is one of two law schools in Wisconsin and the only private law school in the state. Founded in 1892 as the Milwaukee Law Class, MULS is housed in Eckstein Hall on Marquette University's campus in downtown Milwaukee.
Overview
MU Interchange
Marquette University is a Catholic institution operated by the Jesuit order. The law school's mission includes a commitment to the Jesuit idea of cura personalis, a duty to promote diversity, and a goal of encouraging its "students to become agents for positive change in society."
As of the 2016-17 academic year, the school has 575 enrolled students and 98 faculty members and administrators, including 30 full-time faculty members, 10 "deans, librarians, and others who teach," and 58 part-time faculty members. For the fall 2016 entering J.D. class, there were 190 enrolled students (182 full-time and 8 part-time).
Wisconsin, unique among American states, allows graduates of accredited law schools within the state to be admitted to the Wisconsin state bar without taking the state's bar examination if they complete certain requirements in their law school courses and achieve a certain level of performance in those courses, a practice known as the "diploma privilege."
History
Aitken Reading Room
Marquette University Law School was born out of Marquette University's 1908 acquisition of the Milwaukee Law Class and the Milwaukee University Law School. First known as the Marquette University College of Law, the school added a day division to the two predecessors' evening programs. The first dean was James Graham Jenkins, a retired judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit. In 1916, the first edition of the Marquette Law Review was published, and in 1923, the college's name was changed to Marquette University Law School. A year later, the school moved into Sensenbrenner Hall. A law review article at the time described the building's interior: "four large lecture rooms and a large Moot Court room" and a "third floor to be occupied entirely by the library capable of holding 50,000 volumes." The law school became a member of the Association of American Law Schools in 1912 and received American Bar Association approval in 1925. The evening program was suspended in 1924 as part of the accreditation process, and was not restored for decades.
It was under Dean Robert Boden that the modern law school emerged. He took over as acting dean in June 1965, and served as dean until his death in 1984. During those nearly 20 years, the size of the full-time faculty tripled, the student body nearly doubled, and the law library doubled the size of its collection. Boden also oversaw a significant increase in the physical plant of the law school, making two major additions to Sensenbrenner Hall. Moreover, in January 1968, the law library moved into the newly constructed Legal Research Center, appended to the west side of Sensenbrenner Hall. The move was managed by Professor Mary Alice Hohmann, the first woman to teach a law course at MULS.
In fall 2010, the school moved into the new Eckstein Hall. The school also recently received the two largest gifts in its history: $51 million from alumni Ray and Kay Eckstein for Eckstein Hall, and $30 million from real estate developer Joseph Zilber, the bulk of which will endow scholarships. Supreme Court Associate Justice Antonin Scalia spoke at the September 8, 2010 dedication ceremony.
Facilities
In September 2010, the Law School opened $85 million Eckstein Hall in downtown Milwaukee. The building was largely funded by donations from Ray and Kay Eckstein, Joseph Zilber, Wylie Aitken, and the Bradley Foundation. Zilber and Sheldon Lubar contributed provided funding for scholarships, research and other law school programs.
Eckstein Hall is located on the eastern end of the Marquette campus, two blocks from the Milwaukee County Courthouse and a mile from the Federal Courthouse. At 200,000 square feet, the building is four stories tall. It includes a four-story "library without borders," two mock courtrooms, a four-story atrium (the Zilber Forum), a cafeteria, a workout facility, a conference center, classrooms and faculty offices. The classrooms were all designed as "smart classrooms" with projectors, cameras, audio recording, and individual microphones built into classroom seating.
Academics
Fourth Floor of Eckstein Hall
Marquette University Law School offers two degrees, the Juris Doctor (J.D.), the largest program, and the LL.M in Sports Law program, for foreign attorneys only. The school's National Sports Law Institute, established in 1989, is affiliated with the LL.M. program and also conducts other activities.
The school has five clinical programs as of spring 2012: Mediation Clinic, Unemployment Compensation Advocacy Clinic, Restorative Justice Clinic (part of the Marquette University Law School Restorative Justice Initiative), Prosecutor Clinic (placement at the Milwaukee County District Attorney's Office), and Public Defender Clinic (placement in the Trial Division of the Wisconsin State Public Defender’s Office in Milwaukee). U.S. News & World Report placed Marquette #8 among 14 alternative dispute resolution programs ranked in 2013.
Marquette offers seven joint degree programs: J.D./M.B.A. and J.D./M.B.A. in Sports Business (with the College of Business Administration); J.D./M.A. in Political Science and J.D./M.A. in International Affairs (with the Department of Political Science); J.D./M.A. in Bioethics from the Medical College of Wisconsin; J.D./M.A. Social and Applied Philosophy and J.D./M.A. History of Philosophy (with the Department of Philosophy).
Statistics
Eckstein Hall with the Milwaukee County Courthouse in the background.
Student Body
For the fall 2016 entering J.D. class, there were 190 enrolled students (182 full-time and 8 part-time). The age range was 20-52, with the average age being 24. The median undergraduate GPA of incoming students was 3.35 (with the 25th percentile being 3.08 and the 75th percentile at 3.54) and the median LSAT score was 153 (with the 25th percentile being 149 and the 75th percentile at 156). 49 percent of students were Wisconsin residents. In total 24 states were represented. There were 93 undergraduate institutions and 46 undergraduate majors represented. The Law School's websites lists some 40 student organizations.
Employment Outcomes
Based on data on the Class of 2015 submitted to the American Bar Association, Section of Legal Education and Admissions to the Bar, 62% of graduates obtained full-time, long term positions requiring bar admission (i.e., jobs as lawyers), within 9 months of graduation. Marquette Law's Law School Transparency under-employment score is 22.9%, indicating the percentage of the Class of 2014 unemployed, pursuing an additional degree, or working in a non-professional, short-term, or part-time job nine months after graduation.
Ranking
In its 2023 Best Law Schools rankings, U.S. News & World Report ranked the law school 105th in the nation.
Cost of Attendance
Tuition for the 2016-2017 academic year is $43,530 for full-time J.D. students and $1,725 per credit for part-time J.D. students. In a typical year some one-third of students receive merit-based scholarships. The Law School Transparency estimated debt-financed cost of attendance for three years is $231,690.
Media
Marquette University Law School publishes four law journals: the flagship Marquette Law Review, the Marquette Sports Law Review (sports law), the Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review (intellectual property law) and the Marquette Benefits & Social Welfare Law Review (evolved out of the former Marquette Elder's Advisor). The Marquette Sports Law Review was the first biannual scholarly journal devoted entirely to issues in sports law. The Marquette Elder's Advisor, established in 1999, was one of only two student-edited elder law reviews in the nation until its evolution into the Benefits and Social Welfare Journal.
The Marquette Law Review was established in 1916 and is published quarterly. As of 2015, it ranked 134th among student-edited general law journals in a combined score based on citation impact-factor and currency-factor. Among specialized student-edited law journals, the Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review ranks 318th, the Marquette Sports Law Review ranks 500th, and the Marquette Elder's Advisor ranks 653rd under the same citation-impact methodology. Among student-edited intellectual property law journals, the Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review ranks 27th of 49 in a combined impact-factor and currency-factor score. Among arts, entertainment, and sports law journals, the Marquette Sports Law Review ranks 10th of 25 in a combined impact-factor and currency-factor score.
By arrangement with the Federation of Defense and Corporate Counsel, MULS faculty and students edit the FDCC Quarterly, a practitioners' journal for attorneys who defend clients in cases involving torts, products liability, environmental law, and other civil claims.
Mike Gousha, Distinguished Fellow in Law and Public Policy, hosts On the Issues with Mike Gousha, an interview program that presents national and local public figures before an audience of faculty, students, and interested members of the general public.
Deans
*Joseph D. Kearney, 2003–present
Howard B. Eisenberg, 1995–2002
Frank DeGuire, 1984–1994
Robert F. Boden, 1965–1984
Reynolds C. Seitz, 1953–1965
Francis X. Swietlik
Clifton Williams
Max Schoetz, 1916–1927
James Graham Jenkins, 1908–1915
Notable faculty
*Daniel D. Blinka, evidence and criminal law scholar, voted "Best Law Professor" in Wisconsin in 2009 and 2010 Blinka and fellow professor Hammer co-author a digest of the decisions from the Wisconsin Supreme Court and the Wisconsin Court of Appeals for Wisconsin Lawyer, the magazine of the state bar association.
John A. Decker, former Chief Judge of the Wisconsin Court of Appeals
Russ Feingold, former U.S. Senator from Wisconsin, visiting professor of law in 2011
Janine P. Geske, former Wisconsin Supreme Court justice and practitioner and scholar of restorative justice
Joan F. Kessler, Judge of the Wisconsin Court of Appeals
Matthew J. Parlow, Dean of Chapman University School of Law
Charles B. Schudson, former Judge of the Wisconsin Court of Appeals
Bud Selig, former Commissioner of Major League Baseball, appointed adjunct professor in sports law and policy
Notable alumni
Marquette Law's alumnus (1935) U.S. Senator Joseph McCarthy
Government and Politics
John B. Bennett, Member of Congress (MI)
Gerald J. Boileau, Member of Congress (WI)
Raymond Cannon, Member of Congress (WI)
Buddy Cianci, Mayor of Providence, RI 1974-1984, 1991-2002
James P. Daley, Brigadier General, National Guard
Laverne Dilweg, Member of Congress (WI)
Gerald T. Flynn, Member of Congress (WI)
John Gower, Wisconsin State Assembly
Stewart G. Honeck, Attorney General of Wisconsin
Charles Kersten, Member of Congress (WI)
Donald A. Manzullo, Member of Congress (IL)
Joseph McCarthy, United States Senator (WI)
Walter L. Merten, Wisconsin State Senate
Harold V. Schoenecker, Wisconsin State Senate
Martin J. Schreiber, Governor of Wisconsin
Lawrence H. Smith, Member of Congress (WI)
Thaddeus Wasielewski, Member of Congress (WI)
Ron Tusler, Wisconsin State Assembly
Judiciary
J. Waldo Ackerman, judge of the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Illinois
Thomas Cane, judge of the Wisconsin Court of Appeals
Robert C. Cannon, judge of the Wisconsin Court of Appeals
Thomas Curran, judge of the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin
Louis J. Ceci, justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court
John L. Coffey, judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
Patricia S. Curley, judge of the Wisconsin Court of Appeals
William H. Dieterich, justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court
James E. Duffy, Jr., justice of the Hawaii Supreme Court
James Randall Durfee, judge of the U.S. Court of Claims
Terence T. Evans, judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
John P. Foley, judge of the Wisconsin Court of Appeals
Noel Peter Fox, judge of the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Michigan
Janine Geske, justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court
William C. Griesbach, judge of the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin
Leo B. Hanley, justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court
Robert W. Hansen, justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court
Neal Nettesheim, judge of the Wisconsin Court of Appeals
Hugh R. O'Connell, Milwaukee County District Attorney and judge of the Milwaukee County Circuit Court.
John C. Shabaz, judge of the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin
Harry G. Snyder, judge of the Wisconsin Court of Appeals
J.P. Stadtmueller, judge of the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin
Roland J. Steinle, justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court
Patrick Thomas Stone, judge of the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin
Diane S. Sykes, judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
Robert Tehan, judge of the U.S District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin
Clair H. Voss, judge of the Wisconsin Court of Appeals
Ted E. Wedemeyer, Jr., judge of the Wisconsin Court of Appeals
James A. Wynn, Jr., judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
Annette Ziegler, justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court
Academia
Aaron Twerski, rabbi, the Irwin and Jill Cohen Professor of Law at Brooklyn Law School, and former dean of the Hofstra University School of Law</
Other
Peter Konz (attended one year; transferred to University of Wisconsin), former NFL lineman
Xavier Prather, first African-American winner of Big Brother |
Introduction
Askold () was a protected cruiser built for the Imperial Russian Navy. She was named after the legendary Varangian Askold. Her thin, narrow hull and maximum speed of were considered impressive for the time.
Askold had five thin funnels which gave it a unique silhouette for any vessel in the Imperial Russian Navy. This led British sailors to nickname her Packet of Woodbines after the thin cigarettes popular at the time. However, the five funnels also had a symbolic importance, as it was popularly considered that the number of funnels was indicative of performance, and some navies were known to add extra fake funnels to impress dignitaries in less advanced countries.
Background
After the completion of the , the Imperial Russian Navy issued requirements for three large protected cruisers to three separate companies: was ordered from William Cramp & Sons in Philadelphia, United States, Askold was ordered from Krupp-Germaniawerft in Kiel, Germany, and from Vulcan Stettin, also in Germany. Although Askold was the fastest cruiser in the Russian fleet at the time of its commissioning, Bogatyr was selected for further development into a new class of ships, and Askold remained as a unique design.
Operational history
Askold in East Indies (1902)
Askold was laid down at the Germaniawerft shipyards in Kiel, Germany, on 8 June 1899, and launched on 15 March 1900 in the presence of German Emperor Wilhelm II, Prince Henry of Prussia and other members of the Prussian royal family. She was first commissioned on 25 January 1902, and initially entered service with the Russian Baltic Fleet, but only after one year was assigned to the Russian Pacific Fleet based at Port Arthur, Manchuria, instead.
Askold detoured to the Persian Gulf on her way to the Far East, and hosted the Emir of Kuwait Mubarak Al-Sabah on 1 December 1902. She arrived in Port Arthur on 13 February 1903 and shortly afterwards made port calls to Nagasaki, Kobe and Yokohama in Japan, the Taku Forts in China, the Royal Navy base at Weihaiwei and Imperial German Navy base at Tsingtao. On 3 May she accompanied on an official visit to Japan with Russian Minister of War, Aleksey Kuropatkin. She again visited Japan in August, calling on Hakodate with Rear Admiral Baron Olaf von Stackelberg on . She remained in Hakodate until October 1903 and was the last Russian ship to visit Japan before the outbreak of war.
During the Russo-Japanese War
Askold at Port Arthur (1904)
From the start of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, Askold was one of the most active vessels in the Russian fleet. She was moored within the protected confines of Port Arthur during the initial pre-emptive strike launched by the Imperial Japanese Navy during the Battle of Port Arthur, and took only minor damage.
During the Battle of the Yellow Sea, she was flagship for Rear Admiral Nikolai Reitsenstein’s cruiser squadron during the failed attempt to escape the Japanese blockade and to link up with forces in Vladivostok. Together with Novik, Askold took heavy damage, but escaped from the pursuing Japanese fleet to Shanghai, where she was interned until the end of the war.
With the Siberian Flotilla
On 11 October 1905, Askold was allowed to return to service with the Russian Navy, returning to Vladivostok on 1 November. In 1906, she spent most of the year in dry-dock for repairs. By 1 February 1907, she was able to make a training cruise from Vladivostok to Shanghai, where she ran aground in March. The damage was minor, and she was able to call on Hong Kong, Amoy, Shanghai and Qingtao on her way back to Vladivostok. In 1908, with the gradual withdrawal of larger vessels to the Baltic Sea, she became the flagship of the Russian Siberian Flotilla. However, mechanical problems persisted, and she remained largely out of operational service from 1908 through 1911. After replacement of her boilers in September 1912, she was only able to achieve , with problems partly attributable to low-quality Chinese coal. After further repairs to her hull by the end of 1912, she was able to achieve . At the end of 1913, she made a long-distance voyage to Hong Kong, Saigon, Padang, Batavia, Surabaya and Manila back to Vladivostok. She suffered more damage by hitting a naval mine in 1914, and it was felt that only a major overhaul at a European shipyard could restore her to operational status. However, before this could occur, Askold was involved in a new war.
World War I service
At the start of World War I, Askold was part of the Allied (British-French-Japanese) joint task force pursuing the German East Asia Squadron under Admiral Maximilian von Spee. In August 1914 she patrolled the area to the east of the Philippines, resupplying out of Hong Kong and Singapore. In September and October, she was assigned to escort duty in the Indian Ocean.
Askold was then assigned to the Mediterranean Sea for operations off the coasts of Syria and Palestine for coastal bombardment and commerce raiding operations based from Beirut and Haifa. In 1915, she was involved in operations against the Ottoman Navy and the Austrian Navy in Greece and Bulgaria, including support for troop landings in the Gallipoli Campaign.
Askold during World War I
She underwent an extensive refit in Toulon, France, beginning in March 1916, which involved the replacement of her guns. The repairs were delayed by lack of materials and manpower. Crew tensions flared as the crewmen were forced to live on board, whereas the officers went to Paris. On 19 August there was an explosion in her powder magazine attributed to sabotage, and four crewmen were later convicted and sentenced to death. Repairs were completed only in December. Askold was then transferred to the Barents Sea theatre of operations, but suffered from storm damage after departing from Gibraltar in late December, which required further repairs in Plymouth. In February, with the fall of the Russian Empire in the February Revolution, Askold pledged allegiance to the Russian Provisional Government. She departed Scotland on 4 June 1917 and was then based at Murmansk. After the armistice with Germany in December 1917, Askold was demobilized and plans were made to place her in storage at Arkhangelsk.
In Royal Navy service
Askold was seized in Kola Bay in 1918 by the Royal Navy after the Russian Revolution and commissioned as HMS Glory IV. She was based at Gareloch, Scotland but was used primarily as a depot ship.
On the conclusion of the Russian Civil War, she was offered to the new Soviet Navy in return for costs incurred. Soviet inspectors found that she was in bad shape and sold her for scrap. In 1922, she was towed to Hamburg, where she was scrapped. Alexey Krylov sailed on her first voyage and was part of the commission that decided her fate. He writes about both events in his memoir. |
Introduction
First edition (original title)
Stories by Mama Lansdale's Youngest Boy is an early compilation of short work by Joe R. Lansdale, published in 1991. It was initially published as issue number 18 of Author's Choice Monthly.
It contains:
Bestsellers Guaranteed (originally published in Espionage Magazine, May 1985)
Bob the Dinosaur Goes to Disneyland (originally published in Midnight Graffiti, Fall 1989)
By the Hair of the Head (originally published in Shadows #6, ed. Charles L. Grant, 1983)
Chompers (originally published in Twilight Zone, July 1982)
Dog, Cat, and Baby (originally published in Masques #2, ed. J. N. Williamson, 1987)
The Dump (originally published in Twilight Zone, Jul 1981)
The Fat Man (originally published in The Horror Show, Jan 1987)
God of the Razor (originally published in Grue #5, 1987)
The Job (originally published in Razored Saddles, ed. Joe R. Lansdale & Pat LoBrutto, 1989)
My Dead Dog Bobby (originally published in The Horror Show, Summer 1987)
Not From Detroit (originally published in Midnight Graffiti',' Fall 1988)
On a Dark October (originally published in The Horror Show, Spring 1984)
Pentecostal Punk Rock (originally published in Deathrealm, Summer 1989)
The Shaggy House (originally published in The Horror Show, Fall 1986)
The White Rabbit {originally published in The Arbor House Necropolis, ed. Bill Pronzini, 1981)
All of the stories in this collection were reprinted the next year in Bestsellers Guaranteed, although these collections are the only collections which include Pentecostal Punk Rock and The White Rabbit. |
Introduction
Dogs of War! is a 1923 silent short subject, the fourteenth entry in Hal Roach's Our Gang series. Directed by Robert F. McGowan, the two-reel short was released to theaters in July 1923 by Pathé Exchange. The short was filmed alongside Why Worry?, a feature comedy produced by Roach and starring Harold Lloyd, who makes a cameo appearance in Dogs of War as himself.
Plot
Near West Coast Studios in Hollywood, the gang is waging a street war against a rival group of kids; their ammunition primarily consisting of old vegetables. The battle is halted when Mary is called to act in one of the West Coast films. The rest of the gang tries to crash the studio gates and get a role in the picture, but the casting director throws them out. Farina manages to sneak into the studio, however, prompting the other kids to sneak in after her. Several chases throughout the property then ensue and the gang eventually escapes - with a little help from Harold Lloyd.
File:Erniemorrison.jpg|Sunshine Sammy at war
File:Mickeydaniels.jpg|Mickey Daniels is a "genrel"
File:Marykornman.jpg|Mary Kornman is the troops' nurse
File:Joe Cobb.jpg|Joe Cobb wants to earn "fi'" dollars
File:Jackie Condon.jpg|Jackie Condon
File:Allen Hoskins as Farina (1923).jpg|Farina in Dogs of War!
Cast
The Gang
Joe Cobb as Joe
Jackie Condon as Jackie
Mickey Daniels as Mickey
Jack Davis as Jack
Allen Hoskins as Farina
Mary Kornman as Mary
Ernest Morrison as Ernie "Sunshine Sammy"
Additional cast
Andy Samuel as Rival gang member
George "Freckles" Warde as Rival gang member
Gabe Saienz as Rival gang member
Elmo Billings as Rival gang member
Harold Lloyd as himself
Jobyna Ralston as herself
Roy Brooks as Studio receptionist
Sammy Brooks as Studio crew member
Bob Davis as Truck driver
Dick Gilbert as Studio guard
William Gillespie as Studio director
Clara Guiol as Studio actress
Wallace Howe as Actor around the lot
Walter Lundin as Harold Lloyd's cameraman
Joseph Morrison as Studio assistant director
Fred Newmeyer as Harold Lloyd's cameraman
Charles Stevenson as Studio actor
Leo White as Actor around the lot
Charley Young as Studio cameraman |
Introduction
Thomas Roberts Ferguson was an Ontario businessman and political figure. He represented Cardwell in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1867 to 1873 and Cardwell in the House of Commons of Canada as a Conservative member from 1867 to 1872.
His niece was women's rights activist Emily Murphy (née Ferguson), one of "The Famous Five".
Life and career
Thomas Roberts Ferguson was born in County Cavan, Ireland in 1818 and came to Canada with his family during the 1830s. They settled near Cookstown and he became a farmer and later a merchant there. He was a member of the Orange Order, becoming deputy grand master in 1858. Ferguson was a member of the council for Innisfil Township from 1852 to 1873, serving as reeve for 18 years. In 1858, he was elected to represent South Simcoe in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada and served until Confederation. He supported representation by population. Ferguson also served as an officer in the local militia and became a lieutenant-colonel in 1865, participating in the defense against the Fenian raids. He was elected to both the Ontario legislature and the House of Commons (Cardwellin 1867 and was re-elected by acclamation to the provincial assembly in 1872. In the same year, he was struck on the head while attempting to stop a fight at a political meeting at Bradford and was forced to resign his seat in 1873 due to incapacity. He was appointed customs collector at Collingwood but was dismissed in 1876 after the Liberals came into power. He died at Cookstown in 1879. |
Introduction
Cell damage is a variety of changes of stress that a cell suffers due to external as well as internal environmental changes. Amongst other causes, this can be due to physical, chemical, infectious, biological, nutritional or immunological factors. Cell damage can be reversible or irreversible. Depending on the extent of injury, the cellular response may be adaptive and where possible, homeostasis is restored. Cell death occurs when the severity of the injury exceeds the cell's ability to repair itself. Cell death is relative to both the length of exposure to a harmful stimulus and the severity of the damage caused. Cell death may occur by necrosis or apoptosis.
Causes
Physical agents such as heat or radiation can damage a cell by literally cooking or coagulating their contents.
Impaired nutrient supply, such as lack of oxygen or glucose, or impaired production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) may deprive the cell of essential materials needed to survive.
Metabolic: Hypoxia and Ischemia
Chemical Agents
Microbial Agents: Virus & Bacteria
Immunologic Agents: Allergy and autoimmune diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease.
Genetic factors: Such as Down's syndrome and sickle cell anemia
Targets
The most notable components of the cell that are targets of cell damage are the DNA and the cell membrane.
DNA damage: In human cells, both normal metabolic activities and environmental factors such as ultraviolet light and other radiations can cause DNA damage, resulting in as many as one million individual molecular lesions per cell per day.
Membrane damage: Damage to the cell membrane disturbs the state of cell electrolytes, e.g. calcium, which when constantly increased, induces apoptosis.
Mitochondrial damage: May occur due to ATP decrease or change in mitochondrial permeability.
Ribosome damage: Damage to ribosomal and cellular proteins such as protein misfolding, leading to apoptotic enzyme activation.
Types of damage
Some cell damage can be reversed once the stress is removed or if compensatory cellular changes occur. Full function may return to cells but in some cases, a degree of injury will remain.
Reversible
Cellular swelling
Cellular swelling (or cloudy swelling) may occur due to cellular hypoxia, which damages the sodium-potassium membrane pump; it is reversible when the cause is eliminated.
Cellular swelling is the first manifestation of almost all forms of injury to cells. When it affects many cells in an organ, it causes some pallor, increased turgor, and increase in weight of the organ. On microscopic examination, small clear vacuoles may be seen within the cytoplasm; these represent distended and pinched-off segments of the endoplasmic reticulum. This pattern of non-lethal injury is sometimes called hydropic change or vacuolar degeneration. Hydropic degeneration is a severe form of cloudy swelling. It occurs with hypokalemia due to vomiting or diarrhea.
The ultrastructural changes of reversible cell injury include:
Blebbing
Blunting
distortion of microvilli
loosening of intercellular attachments
mitochondrial changes
dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum
Fatty change
In fatty change, the cell has been damaged and is unable to adequately metabolize fat. Small vacuoles of fat accumulate and become dispersed within cytoplasm. Mild fatty change may have no effect on cell function; however, more severe fatty change can impair cellular function. In the liver, the enlargement of hepatocytes due to fatty change may compress adjacent bile canaliculi, leading to cholestasis. Depending on the cause and severity of the lipid accumulation, fatty change is generally reversible. Fatty change is also known as fatty degeneration, fatty metamorphosis, or fatty steatosis.
Irreversible
Necrosis
Necrosis is characterised by cytoplasmic swelling, irreversible damage to the plasma membrane, and organelle breakdown leading to cell death. The stages of cellular necrosis include pyknosis; clumping of chromosomes and shrinking of the nucleus of the cell, karyorrhexis; fragmentation of the nucleus and break up of the chromatin into unstructured granules, and karyolysis; dissolution of the cell nucleus. Cytosolic components that leak through the damaged plasma membrane into the extracellular space can incur an inflammatory response.
There are six types of necrosis:
Coagulative necrosis
Liquefactive necrosis
Caseous necrosis
Fat necrosis
Fibroid necrosis
Gangrenous necrosis
Apoptosis
Apoptosis is the programmed cell death of superfluous or potentially harmful cells in the body. It is an energy-dependent process mediated by proteolytic enzymes called caspases, which trigger cell death through the cleaving of specific proteins in the cytoplasm and nucleus. The dying cells shrink and condense into apoptotic bodies. The cell surface is altered so as to display properties that lead to rapid phagocytosis by macrophages or neighbouring cells. Unlike necrotic cell death, Neighbouring cells are not damaged by apoptosis as cytosolic products are safely isolated by membranes prior to undergoing phagocytosis. It is considered an important component of various bioprocesses including cell turnover, hormone-dependent atrophy, proper development and functioning of the immune and embryonic system, it also helps in chemical-induced cell death which is genetically mediated. There is some evidence that certain symptoms of "apoptosis" such as endonuclease activation can be spuriously induced without engaging a genetic cascade. It is also becoming clear that mitosis and apoptosis are toggled or linked in some way and that the balance achieved depends on signals received from appropriate growth or survival factors. There are research being conducted to focus on the elucidation and analysis of the cell cycle machinery and signaling pathways that controls cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In the average adult between 50 and 70 billion cells die each day due to apoptosis. Inhibition of apoptosis can result in a number of cancers, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, and viral infections. Hyperactive apoptosis can lead to neurodegenerative diseases, hematologic diseases, and tissue damage.
Repair
When a cell is damaged, the body will try to repair or replace the cell to continue normal functions. If a cell dies, the body will remove it and replace it with another functioning cell, or fill the gap with connective tissue to provide structural support for the remaining cells. The motto of the repair process is to fill a gap caused by the damaged cells to regain structural continuity. Normal cells try to regenerate the damaged cells but this cannot always happen.
Regeneration
Regeneration of parenchyma cells, or the functional cells, of an organism. The body can make more cells to replace the damaged cells keeping the organ or tissue intact and fully functional.
Replacement
When a cell cannot be regenerated, the body will replace it with stromal connective tissue to maintain tissue or organ function. Stromal cells are the cells that support the parenchymal cells in any organ. Fibroblasts, immune cells, pericytes, and inflammatory cells are the most common types of stromal cells.
Biochemical changes in cellular injury
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) depletion is a common biological alteration that occurs with cellular injury. This change can happen despite the inciting agent of the cell damage. A reduction in intracellular ATP can have a number of functional and morphologic consequences during cell injury.
These effects include:
Failure of the ATP-dependent pumps ( pump and pump), resulting in a net influx of and ions and osmotic swelling.
ATP-depleted cells begin to undertake anaerobic metabolism to derive energy from glycogen which is known as glycogenolysis.
A consequent decrease in the intracellular pH of the cell arises, which mediates harmful enzymatic processes.
Early clumping of nuclear chromatin then occurs, known as pyknosis, and leads to eventual cell death.
DNA damage and repair
DNA damage
DNA damage (or RNA damage in the case of some virus genomes) appears to be a fundamental problem for life. As noted by Haynes, the subunits of DNA are not endowed with any peculiar kind of quantum mechanical stability, and thus DNA is vulnerable to all the "chemical horrors" that might befall any such molecule in a warm aqueous medium. These chemical horrors are DNA damages that include various types of modification of the DNA bases, single- and double-strand breaks, and inter-strand cross-links (see DNA damage (naturally occurring). DNA damages are distinct from mutations although both are errors in the DNA. Whereas DNA damages are abnormal chemical and structural alterations, mutations ordinarily involve the normal four bases in new arrangements. Mutations can be replicated, and thus inherited when the DNA replicates. In contrast, DNA damages are altered structures that cannot, themselves, be replicated.
Several different repair processes can remove DNA damages (see chart in DNA repair). However, those DNA damages that remain un-repaired can have detrimental consequences. DNA damages may block replication or gene transcription. These blockages can lead to cell death. In multicellular organisms, cell death in response to DNA damage may occur by a programmed process, apoptosis. Alternatively, when DNA polymerase replicates a template strand containing a damaged site, it may inaccurately bypass the damage and, as a consequence, introduce an incorrect base leading to a mutation. Experimentally, mutation rates increase substantially in cells defective in DNA mismatch repair or in Homologous recombinational repair (HRR).
In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, DNA genomes are vulnerable to attack by reactive chemicals naturally produced in the intracellular environment and by agents from external sources. An important internal source of DNA damage in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes is reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed as byproducts of normal aerobic metabolism. For eukaryotes, oxidative reactions are a major source of DNA damage (see DNA damage (naturally occurring) and Sedelnikova et al.). In humans, about 10,000 oxidative DNA damages occur per cell per day. In the rat, which has a higher metabolic rate than humans, about 100,000 oxidative DNA damages occur per cell per day. In aerobically growing bacteria, ROS appear to be a major source of DNA damage, as indicated by the observation that 89% of spontaneously occurring base substitution mutations are caused by introduction of ROS-induced single-strand damages followed by error-prone replication past these damages. Oxidative DNA damages usually involve only one of the DNA strands at any damaged site, but about 1–2% of damages involve both strands. The double-strand damages include double-strand breaks (DSBs) and inter-strand crosslinks. For humans, the estimated average number of endogenous DNA DSBs per cell occurring at each cell generation is about 50. This level of formation of DSBs likely reflects the natural level of damages caused, in large part, by ROS produced by active metabolism.
Repair of DNA damages
Five major pathways are employed in repairing different types of DNA damages. These five pathways are nucleotide excision repair, base excision repair, mismatch repair, non-homologous end-joining and homologous recombinational repair (HRR) (see chart in DNA repair) and reference. Only HRR can accurately repair double-strand damages, such as DSBs. The HRR pathway requires that a second homologous chromosome be available to allow recovery of the information lost by the first chromosome due to the double-strand damage.
DNA damage appears to play a key role in mammalian aging, and an adequate level of DNA repair promotes longevity (see DNA damage theory of aging and reference.). In addition, an increased incidence of DNA damage and/or reduced DNA repair cause an increased risk of cancer (see Cancer, Carcinogenesis and Neoplasm) and reference). Furthermore, the ability of HRR to accurately and efficiently repair double-strand DNA damages likely played a key role in the evolution of sexual reproduction (see Evolution of sexual reproduction and reference). In extant eukaryotes, HRR during meiosis provides the major benefit of maintaining fertility. |
Introduction
Arirang 3 is a 1936 Korean film directed by and starring Na Woon-gyu. The second sequel of Na's ground-breaking 1926 film, Arirang, this was the only entry in the series that was not silent. It premiered at the DanSungSa Theater in downtown Seoul.
Plot
This third and last installment in the story of the mentally ill student, Choi Yeong-jin, begins with him being released from prison. He attempts to live a peaceful existence until he witnesses the rape of his sister, at which point his mental problems return. |
Introduction
First edition (publ. Ace Books)Cover art by Mark Ferrari
Bestsellers Guaranteed is a collection of short fiction by American writer Joe R. Lansdale, published in May 1993.
Contents
"Bestsellers Guaranteed" (originally published in Espionage Magazine, May 1985)
"Bob the Dinosaur Goes to Disneyland" (originally published in Midnight Graffiti, Fall 1989)
"By the Hair of the Head" (originally published in Shadows #6, ed. Charles L. Grant (1983))
"Chompers" (originally published in Twilight Zone Magazine, July 1982)
"Dog, Cat, and Baby" (originally published in Masques #2, ed. J. N. Williamson (1987))
"The Dump" (originally published in Twilight Zone Magazine, July 1981)
"The Events Concerning a Nude Fold-Out Found in a Harlequin Romance" (winner of Bram Stoker Award) (originally published in Dark at Heart, ed. Joe & Karen Lansdale (1992))
"The Fat Man" (originally published in The Horror Show, Jan 1987)
"God of the Razor" (heavily reworked excerpt of The Nightrunners) (originally published in Grue #5, 1987)
"The Job" (originally published in Razored Saddles, ed. Joe R. Lansdale & Pat LoBrutto (1989))
"My Dead Dog Bobby" (originally published in The Horror Show, Summer 1987)
"Not From Detroit" (originally published in Midnight Graffiti, Fall 1988)
"On a Dark October" (originally published in The Horror Show, Spring 1984)
"Pentecostal Punk Rock" (originally published in Deathrealm, Summer 1989)
"The Shaggy House" (originally published in The Horror Show, Fall 1986)
"The White Rabbit" (originally published in The Arbor House Necropolis, ed. Bill Pronzini (1981))
All of the stories (except for "Events Concerning ...") in this collection were printed the previous year in Stories by Mama Lansdale's Youngest Boy, but this collection had a larger print run. These collections are the only collections which include "Pentecostal Punk Rock", and "The White Rabbit" has only subsequently been printed in the extremely limited edition A Little Green Book of Monster Stories. |
Introduction
Goring Heath is a hamlet and civil parish in the Chiltern Hills in South Oxfordshire. The civil parish includes the villages of Whitchurch Hill and Crays Pond and some small hamlets. Goring Heath is centred southeast of Goring-on-Thames and about northwest of Reading, Berkshire. In 1724 Henry Alnutt, a lawyer of the Middle Temple in London, established a set of almshouses at Goring Heath. They form three sides of a courtyard, flanking a chapel of the same date. In the 1880s a school was built beside the almshouses in what was intended to be the same architectural style. A post office was added in 1900.
Alnutt also left a continuing income from his estate at Goring Heath to teach, clothe and apprentice boys from five parishes. One of the parishes was Cassington in West Oxfordshire, where Alnutt's charity established a small school for boys. In 1833 the Alnutt school was absorbed into a new Cassington parish school, which in 1853 became Cassington's present St. Peter's Church of England primary school. |
Introduction
The Tucson Open was a golf tournament in Arizona on the PGA Tour from 1945 to 2006, played annually in the winter in Tucson. It was last held at the Omni Tucson National Golf Resort in late February, with a $3 million purse and a $540,000 winner's share.
History
Since the event's inception in 1945, it had been played at a series of courses in Tucson. The first eighteen editions were at El Rio Golf & Country Club, which was purchased by the city in 1968 and is now El Rio Golf Course. In 1963, the event moved to Forty Niner Country Club in 1963 for two years, then began its lengthy relationship with its last location, known at the time as Tucson National Golf Club, which hosted through 1978. It moved to Randolph Park Golf Course in 1979, returned to Tucson National in 1980, then back to Randolph Park for the next six.
From 1984 to 1986, the Tucson Open was contested at match play and was held concurrently with a Senior PGA Tour match play event, the Seiko-Tucson Senior Match Play Championship The 1986 event was played using a Medal match play format.
In 1987 and 1988 the event was played at the TPC at Starr Pass but was not held in 1989. When the event resumed in 1990, it was played at two courses each year from that year's event until 1996. One used every year was the TPC at Starr Pass (renamed Starr Pass Golf Club before the 1993 event). The TPC at Starr Pass shared time with Randolph Park in 1990; from 1991–96 the Tucson National GC was the other course used.
In 1997, the event changed to the more traditional format of 72 holes played at only one course, and has been played since that year at the renamed Omni Tucson National Golf Resort & Spa.
In later years, it was an alternate event, opposite the WGC Match Play championship, then held at La Costa in Carlsbad, California. Because the top 64 ranked players in the world are invited to the WGC event, it weakened the field considerably for Tucson. The match play tournament moved to Tucson in 2007 as a "merging" of sorts between the two tournaments, and stayed through 2014.
On the PGA Tour Champions, the Tucson Conquistadores Classic made its debut in 2015, and is held at the Omni Tucson National Resort in mid-March.
Tournament highlights
*1945: Ray Mangrum shoots a final round 64 to win the inaugural version of the tournament.
1947: Jimmy Demaret becomes the first Tucson champion to successfully defend a title. A final round 65 allows him to finish three shots ahead of Ben Hogan.
1949: Lloyd Mangrum shoots a tournament record 263. He wins by five shots over Al Smith.
1955: Tommy Bolt eagles the 72nd hole to successfully defend his Tucson Open title.
1959: Gene Littler wins for the second consecutive week on the PGA Tour. He finishes one shot ahead of Joe Campbell and Art Wall Jr.
1961: Controversial pro golfer Dave Hill wins for the first time on the PGA Tour. He defeats Tommy Bolt and Bud Sullivan on the third hole of a sudden death playoff.
1962: Phil Rodgers holes a wedge shot from 65-feet for eagle on the 72nd hole to edge Bud Sullivan by one shot.
1965: Only after deciding to play the tournament five minutes before its deadline for entries, New Zealand born Bob Charles makes Tucson his second ever win in the United States. He beats Al Geiberger by four shots.
1968: George Knudson wins for the second consecutive week on the PGA Tour. He finishes one shot ahead of Frank Beard and Frank Boynton.
1970: Lee Trevino successfully defends his Tucson Open title. He birdies the first hole of a sudden death playoff to defeat Bob Murphy.
1974: Johnny Miller becomes the first ever golfer in PGA Tour history to win three consecutive tournaments to start the season. He shoots a first round 62 on his way to a three shot triumph over Ben Crenshaw.
1975: Tom Weiskopf misses the 36 hole cut with scores of 70 and 78. Afterwards tournament director Biff Baker made a telephone complaint to PGA Tour Commissioner Deane Beman accusing Weiskopf of backhanding putts and not playing in a professional manner. Weiskopf denied the allegations by saying "All they have to do is ask my playing partners."
1976: Johnny Miller wins at Tucson for the third consecutive year. He finishes three shots ahead of Howard Twitty.
1977: Bruce Lietzke earns the first of his thirteen career PGA Tour wins by defeating Gene Littler on the fourth hole of a sudden death playoff.
1980: Poor weather causes the tournament to finish on a Tuesday. Jim Colbert is the winner by four shots over Dan Halldorson.
1981: Johnny Miller wins Tucson for the fourth time. He shoots a final round 65 to finish two shots ahead of Lon Hinkle.
1984: For the first of three consecutive years, Tucson is conducted as a match play event. Tom Watson wins by defeating defending champion Gil Morgan in the finals by the score of 2 and 1.
1986: Defending champion Jim Thorpe wins the last match play edition of Tucson. He defeats Scott Simpson 67 to 71 in the finals.
1990: Robert Gamez wins on the PGA Tour in his first ever event. He finishes four shots ahead of Mark Calcavecchia and Jay Haas. During the tournament's second round, 1988 Tucson champion David Frost, becomes the first PGA Tour player in 33 years to shoot a 60.
1991: Twenty-year-old amateur Phil Mickelson birdies the 72nd hole to win by one shot over Bob Tway and Tom Purtzer. Purtzer made double bogey on the tournament's final hole. Hal Sutton hits a six-iron for his second shot on the 9th hole directly at the green. The ball slammed into the cup without touching the green and embedded itself in the lip of the hole. Since part of the ball remained above the level of the hole, it was ruled that Sutton had not holed out. He had to replace the ball and putt it in for a birdie.
1992: Future two-time U.S. Open champion Lee Janzen collects his first ever PGA Tour title. He edges Bill Britton by one shot.
1995: Phil Mickelson wins his second Tucson title by one shot over Jim Gallagher Jr. and Scott Simpson after Gallagher three putts the 72nd hole.
1997: Jeff Sluman earns his first PGA Tour title since the 1988 PGA Championship. He wins by one shot over Steve Jones.
2000: After playing in 292 PGA Tour events, Jim Carter finally reaches the winner's circle. He finishes two shots ahead of Jean van de Velde, Chris DiMarco, and Tom Scherrer.
2001: Like Robert Gamez did at the 1990 Tucson, Garrett Willis wins on the PGA Tour in his first ever event. He wins by one shot over Kevin Sutherland.
2005: Future U.S. Open winner Geoff Ogilvy notches his first ever PGA Tour win. He defeats Mark Calcavecchia and Kevin Na in a sudden death playoff.
Winners
Year
Winner
Score
To par
Margin ofvictory
Runner(s)-up
Winner'sshare ($)
Chrysler Classic of Tucson
2006
Kirk Triplett
266
−22
1 stroke
Jerry Kelly
540,000
2005
Geoff Ogilvy
269
−19
Playoff
Mark Calcavecchia Kevin Na
540,000
2004
Heath Slocum
266
−22
1 stroke
Aaron Baddeley
540,000
2003
Frank Lickliter
269
−19
2 strokes
Chad Campbell
540,000
Touchstone Energy Tucson Open
2002
Ian Leggatt
268
−20
2 strokes
David Peoples Loren Roberts
540,000
2001
Garrett Willis
273
−15
1 stroke
Kevin Sutherland
540,000
2000
Jim Carter
269
−19
2 strokes
Chris DiMarco Tom Scherrer Jean van de Velde
540,000
1999
Gabriel Hjertstedt
276
−12
Playoff
Tommy Armour III
495,000
Tucson Chrysler Classic
1998
David Duval
269
−19
4 strokes
Justin Leonard David Toms
360,000
1997
Jeff Sluman
275
−13
1 stroke
Steve Jones
234,000
Nortel Open
1996
Phil Mickelson (3)
273
−14
2 strokes
Bob Tway
225,000
Northern Telecom Open
1995
Phil Mickelson (2)
269
−19
1 stroke
Jim Gallagher Jr. Scott Simpson
225,000
1994
Andrew Magee
270
−18
2 strokes
Jay Don Blake Loren Roberts Vijay Singh Steve Stricker
198,000
1993
Larry Mize
271
−17
2 strokes
Jeff Maggert
198,000
1992
Lee Janzen
270
−18
1 stroke
Bill Britton
198,000
1991
Phil Mickelson (a)
272
−16
1 stroke
Tom Purtzer Bob Tway
180,000
Northern Telecom Tucson Open
1990
Robert Gamez
270
−18
4 strokes
Mark Calcavecchia Jay Haas
162,000
1989: No tournament
1988
David Frost
266
−22
5 strokes
Mark Calcavecchia Mark O'Meara
108,000
Seiko Tucson Open
1987
Mike Reid
268
−20
4 strokes
Chip Beck Mark Calcavecchia Hal Sutton Fuzzy Zoeller
108,000
Seiko-Tucson Match Play Championship
1986
Jim Thorpe (2)
67
−5
4 strokes
Scott Simpson
150,000
1985
Jim Thorpe
4 and 3
Jack Renner
150,000
1984
Tom Watson (2)
2 and 1
Gil Morgan
100,000
Joe Garagiola-Tucson Open
1983
Gil Morgan
271
−9
Playoff
Curtis Strange Lanny Wadkins
54,000
1982
Craig Stadler
266
−14
3 strokes
Vance Heafner John Mahaffey
54,000
1981
Johnny Miller (4)
265
−15
2 strokes
Lon Hinkle
54,000
1980
Jim Colbert
270
−22
4 strokes
Dan Halldorson
54,000
1979
Bruce Lietzke (2)
265
−15
2 strokes
Buddy Gardner Jim Thorpe Tom Watson
45,000
1978
Tom Watson
274
−14
3 strokes
Bobby Wadkins
40,000
1977
Bruce Lietzke
275
−13
Playoff
Gene Littler
40,000
NBC Tucson Open
1976
Johnny Miller (3)
274
−14
3 strokes
Howard Twitty
40,000
Dean Martin Tucson Open
1975
Johnny Miller (2)
263
−25
9 strokes
John Mahaffey
40,000
1974
Johnny Miller
272
−16
3 strokes
Ben Crenshaw
30,000
1973
Bruce Crampton
277
−11
5 strokes
George Archer Gay Brewer Labron Harris Jr. Bobby Nichols
30,000
1972
Miller Barber
273
−15
Playoff
George Archer
30,000
Tucson Open Invitational
1971
J. C. Snead
273
−15
1 stroke
Dale Douglass
22,000
1970
Lee Trevino (2)
275
−13
Playoff
Bob Murphy
20,000
1969
Lee Trevino
271
−17
7 strokes
Miller Barber
20,000
1968
George Knudson
273
−15
1 stroke
Frank Beard Frank Boynton
20,000
1967
Arnold Palmer
273
−15
1 stroke
Chuck Courtney
12,000
1966
Joe Campbell
278
−10
Playoff
Gene Littler
9,000
1965
Bob Charles
271
−17
4 strokes
Al Geiberger
6,800
1964
Jacky Cupit
274
−14
2 strokes
Rex Baxter
4,000
1963
Don January
266
−22
11 strokes
Gene Littler Phil Rodgers
3,500
1962
Phil Rodgers
263
−17
3 strokes
Jim Ferrier
2,800
Home of the Sun Open
1961
Dave Hill
269
−11
Playoff
Tommy Bolt Bud Sullivan
2,800
Tucson Open Invitational
1960
Don January
271
−9
3 strokes
Bob Harris
2,800
1959
Gene Littler
266
−14
1 stroke
Joe Campbell Art Wall Jr.
1958
Lionel Hebert
265
−15
2 strokes
Don January
1957
Dow Finsterwald
269
−11
Playoff
Don Whitt
1956
Ted Kroll
264
−16
3 strokes
Dow Finsterwald
Tucson Open
1955
Tommy Bolt (2)
266
−14
3 strokes
Bud Holscher Art Wall Jr.
1954: No tournament
1953
Tommy Bolt
265
−15
1 stroke
Chandler Harper
1952
Henry Williams, Jr.
274
−6
2 strokes
Cary Middlecoff
1951
Lloyd Mangrum (2)
269
−11
2 strokes
Jack Burke Jr. Jim Turnesa Lew Worsham
1950
Chandler Harper
267
−13
2 strokes
Sam Snead
1949
Lloyd Mangrum
263
−17
5 strokes
Al Smith
1948
Skip Alexander
264
−16
1 stroke
Johnny Palmer
1947
Jimmy Demaret (2)
264
−16
3 strokes
Ben Hogan
1946
Jimmy Demaret
268
−12
4 strokes
Herman Barron
1945
Ray Mangrum
268
−12
1 stroke
Byron Nelson
Multiple winners
Nine men won this tournament more than once.
4 wins
*Johnny Miller: 1974, 1975, 1976, 1981
3 wins
*Phil Mickelson: 1991(a), 1995, 1996
2 wins
*Jim Thorpe: 1985, 1986
*Bruce Lietzke: 1977, 1979
*Lee Trevino: 1969, 1970
*Don January: 1960, 1963
*Tommy Bolt: 1953, 1955
*Lloyd Mangrum: 1949, 1951
*Jimmy Demaret, 1946, 1947 |
Introduction
The haute-contre was the primary French operatic tenor voice, predominant in French Baroque and Classical opera, from the middle of the seventeenth century until the latter part of the eighteenth century.
History
This voice was predominantly used in male solo roles, typically heroic and amatory ones, but also in comic parts, even en travesti. Lully wrote 8 out of 14 leading male roles for the voice; Charpentier, who was an haute-contre himself, composed extensively for the voice-part, as did Rameau and, later, Gluck.
The leading hautes-contre of the Académie Royale de Musique that created the main roles of Lully's operas, at the end of the seventeenth century, were Bernard Clédière (who started off as a taille, a lower Tenor voice type) and Louis Gaulard Dumesny. Notable hautes-contre of the eighteenth century's first half included firstly Jacques Cochereau, Louis/Claude Murayre and Denis-François Tribou, who revived Lully style and operas in the twenties and in the thirties, then the mentioned Pierre Jélyotte and his substitutes, François Poirier et , all of whom sang Rameau's operas and Lully's revivals for the Académie Royale de Musique, and finally Marc-François Bêche, who was engaged mainly in performances at court. After these came Joseph Legros, for whom Gluck wrote his main haute-contre roles, which included the title role in the 1774 version of Orphée et Eurydice, and Achilles in Iphigénie en Aulide. There is also an extensive repertoire of music for this voice in French airs de cour and in French solo cantatas of the Baroque period; hautes-contre sang in choirs as well, taking the part above the taille.
Jélyotte in the title-role of Rameau's Platée, by Charles-Antoine Coypel c.1745
Vocal features
The nature of the haute-contre voice has been the subject of much debate. Historically, English writers have translated the term as "countertenor" which is not particularly helpful since the meaning of that latter term has also been the subject of considerable musicological controversy; both terms are ultimately derived from the Latin contratenor. It is now generally accepted that the hautes-contre sang in what voice scientists term "modal" (i.e. "speaking" voice), perhaps using falsetto for their highest notes. A typical solo range for this voice was C3 to D5 considering that French eighteenth-century pitch was as much as a whole tone lower than that of today. Though this high-pitched range might lead one to think of the haute-contre as a light voice, historical evidence does not bear this out: Jélyotte was much praised for the strength of his high register, the astronomer and traveller Joseph Jérôme Lefrançois de Lalande commenting that "one takes more pleasure in hearing a large voice than a small one." Lalande stated that Jélyotte's range was identical to that of the famous tenor Angelo Amorevoli. He also remarked that "all those who succeeded Legros had to shout to arrive at the tones of an haute-contre, except for , but he had the smallest sound."
The haute-contre is regarded by some authorities as similar to, or indeed identical with, the voice-type described in Italian as tenore contraltino. Although not unknown at an earlier date (for example the title-role in Mozart's Mitridate), roles for this voice were particularly numerous at the beginning of the nineteenth century: for example Lindoro in Rossini's L'italiana in Algeri or Rodrigo in Otello. Rossini also wrote roles in French for this type of voice, which may thus be regarded as a direct continuation of the earlier haute-contre tradition. These include the protagonist of Le Comte Ory, Néocles in Le siège de Corinthe and Arnold in Guillaume Tell, all of which were written for the great French tenor Adolphe Nourrit.
Modern performances
Recently, with a revival of interest in and the performance of French baroque repertoire, several high tenors have come to prominence in haute-contre repertoire. These include Mark Padmore, Anders J. Dahlin, Rogers Covey-Crump, Jean-Paul Fouchécourt, Paul Agnew and Cyril Auvity. None of these sing the French Baroque repertoire to the exclusion of all others, and all are involved, to a greater or lesser extent, in the performance of mainstream tenor repertoire.
Repertoire
See List of French haute-contre roles |
Introduction
Piano Concerto No. 6 in D major, Hess 15, is an unfinished piano concerto by German composer Ludwig van Beethoven.
In (estimated) late 1814 and early 1815, Beethoven spent a great deal of time on a project that never reached completion: a piano concerto in D major, which would, if completed, have been the sixth of his piano concertos. He made about seventy pages of sketches for the first movement. He even started writing out a full score ( Artaria 184 in the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin), which runs almost uninterrupted from the beginning of the movement to the middle of the solo exposition (bar 182), although the scoring becomes patchy as the work proceeds and there are signs of indecision or dissatisfaction on the composer's part. Beethoven abandoned the work, and this partial movement (known as Hess 15) remains one of the most substantial of Beethoven's unrealized conceptions.
A completion of the first movement was reconstructed by British scholar Nicholas Cook in 1987. |
Introduction
Marvin Jerome "Bad News" Barnes was an American professional basketball player. A forward, he was an All-American at Providence College, and played professionally in both the American Basketball Association (ABA) and National Basketball Association (NBA).
College career
In 1973, Barnes was the first player to score 10 times on 10 field goal attempts in an NCAA tournament game, a record surpassed by Kenny Walker, who went 11-for-11 in 1986. He led the nation in rebounding in 1973–74. On December 15, 1973, Barnes scored 52 points against Austin Peay, breaking the single-game school record.
At Providence, Barnes averaged 20.7 points, 17.9 rebounds and 2.7 assists in 89 career games under coach Dave Gavitt.
Professional career
Barnes was drafted by the Philadelphia 76ers with the second overall pick in the first round of the 1974 NBA draft and by the Spirits of St. Louis in the 1974 ABA Draft. Barnes opted for the ABA and played for the Spirits in the American Basketball Association from 1974 to 1976 before playing in the National Basketball Association from 1976 to 1980. He had his greatest success in the ABA, where he starred for the Spirits and was named Rookie of the Year for the 1974–75 season. Barnes also shares the ABA record for most two-point field goals in a game, with 27. In 2005, the ABA 2000, the second incarnation of the ABA, named one of their divisions after him.
Often the colorful personality, Barnes once refused to board a plane from Louisville to St. Louis. Because the flight was scheduled to arrive (Central Time) before its departure time (Eastern Time), Barnes famously said, "I ain't getting in no damn time machine." He rented a car instead.
In 144 ABA games over two seasons, Barnes averaged 21.4 points, 13.4 rebounds, 2.8 assists, 1.5 steals and 1.9 blocks. In 171 career NBA games Barnes averaged 9.2 points, 5.5 rebounds and 1.5 assists. His overall ABA/NBA career averages were 16.0 points, 9.1 rebounds and 2.1 assists.
Barnes was taken by the Detroit Pistons in the 1976 ABA Dispersal Draft. In the 1976–77 Detroit Pistons season with Barnes, Pistons Powered described the season as "absolutely insane, probably the craziest in Pistons history. They won a lot of games, but were completely dysfunctional." Barnes was arrested for a probation violation for carrying a gun at the Detroit Metropolitan Airport, and the Pistons would eventually bench "Bad News" Barnes, who said "“News didn’t come here to sit on no wood.” In later years, star Detroit center Bob Lanier reflected on the dysfunctional Barnes, stating "In the ABA, Marvin Barnes was a great, great player that had issues. They took a chance on him, but Marvin was still into street life and he affected Eric Money. Money (a Detroit product, who played college ball at Arizona) could shoot the in-between jumper and he might’ve been one of the best that ever played. A few years ago I ran into Marvin in Houston and he said, ‘Bob, I used to get get high all the time and Eric started to get high with me.’ When somebody tells you that and this is 20-some odd years later, you want put your fist right through their head. And I adored Marvin Barnes – I liked his personality and he’s as charming a guy as you’d ever want to meet. But in terms of him trying to be part of the team that wins a championship … man…"
Detroit traded Barnes to the Buffalo Braves at the start of the 1978–79 NBA season. Barnes then played for the Boston Celtics for one season, and with Boston, Barnes later admitted to cocaine use on the bench, "Yeah, I was doing it on the bench. I was playing for the Celtics, and I was sitting next to Nate Archibald and somebody else, and I was snorting cocaine right there on the bench while the game was going on. They all moved away from me. I had it under a towel. I guess I don’t need to say that my career didn’t last much longer after that."
Barnes would then finish his NBA career with the San Diego Clippers in 1980 before briefly playing in the Italian Basketball League for Pallacanestro Trieste in the Lega Basket Serie A in Italy in 1980–81.
Nickname
Barnes's nickname "Bad News" was derived from his frequent off-court problems, which began when he was a senior at Central High School. He was part of a gang that attempted to rob a bus. Barnes was quickly identified, as he was wearing his state championship jacket with his name embroidered on it. His case was handled by the juvenile justice system. In 1972, while playing center for Providence College, Barnes attacked a teammate with a tire iron. He later pleaded guilty to assault, paid the victim $10,000 and was placed on probation. Barnes violated probation on October 9, 1976 when an unloaded .38 caliber pistol and five loose bullets were found in his bag at the Detroit Metro Airport as he was preparing to board a flight to St. Louis. On May 16, 1977, he was sent to the Adult Correctional Institute in Cranston, Rhode Island, where he served 152 days. Upon release he returned to the Detroit Pistons. Barnes was later arrested for burglary, drug possession, and trespassing. Because of his drug use, Barnes's NBA career was cut short and he wound up homeless in San Diego in the early 1980s. After several rehab programs, Barnes started reaching out to youth in South Providence, where he grew up, urging them not to make the same mistakes he had.
Death
On September 8, 2014, Barnes died at the age of 62. The death was confirmed by Kevin Stacom, a scout for the Dallas Mavericks, who was a teammate on the Providence College team that reached the Final Four in 1973. Barnes, who had been drug-free for several years, had recently succumbed to his addiction again, Stacom said.
Legacy
In March 2008, Providence College retired his jersey, honoring him along with Ernie DiGregorio and Jimmy Walker. He still co-holds (since tied by MarShon Brooks) the school single-game scoring record of 52 points. Barnes is also a member of the Providence Athletics Hall of Fame, enshrined in 1992. |
Introduction
Writer of the Purple Rage is a collection of short works by American author Joe R. Lansdale, published in 1994. It was nominated for a Bram Stoker Award in the "Fiction Collection" category. The title is a play on the Philip José Farmer novella "Riders of the Purple Wage", and before that, the Zane Grey novel Riders of the Purple Sage.
Contents
"Bubba Ho-Tep" (nominated for the Bram Stoker Award; originally published in The King Is Dead, ed. Paul M. Sammon, 1994)
"By Bizarre Hands: play version" (originally published in Cold Blood, ed. Richard Chizmar, 1991)
"The Diaper" or "The Adventure of the Little Rounder" (originally published in Nova Express Summer 1990)
"Drive-In Date" (originally published in Night Visions 8, 1991)
"Everybody Plays the Fool" (originally published in Thunder’s Shadow Collector’s Magazine February 1993)
"Godzilla's Twelve Step Program" (first publication)
"Hard On For Horror" (non-fiction; extended from shorter version)
"In the Cold, Dark Time" (originally published in Dark Harvest Summer/Fall Preview: 1990)
"Incident On and Off a Mountain Road" (originally published in Night Visions 8, 1991)
"Love Doll: A Fable" (nominated for the Bram Stoker Award; originally published in Borderlands 2, ed. Thomas F. Monteleone, 1991)
"The Man With Two Lives" (first publication)
"Mister Weed-Eater" (originally published by Cahill Press, 1993)
"The Phone Woman" (originally published in Night Visions 8, 1991)
"Pilots" (with Dan Lowry; originally published in Stalkers, ed. Ed Gorman & Greenberg, 1989)
"Steppin' Out, Summer, '68" (originally published in Night Visions 8, 1991)
This is the only collection which includes the short stories "The Diaper", "Everybody Plays the Fool", "Love Doll: A Fable" and "The Man With Two Lives", as well as the play version of "By Bizarre Hands". |
Introduction
David Michael Pesetsky is an American linguist. He is the Ferrari P. Ward Professor of Modern Languages and Linguistics and former Head of the Department of Linguistics and Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Education
He received a B.A. in linguistics from Yale in 1977 and a Ph.D. in linguistics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1982.
Career
Pesetsky taught at the University of Southern California and the University of Massachusetts Amherst before joining the faculty of MIT in 1988. Pesetsky was elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2011, and a Fellow of the Linguistic Society of America in 2013.
He has published articles and books within the framework of generative grammar. A specialist in syntax, he has published on the cross-linguistic properties of wh-movement as well as the theory of argument structure. In a collaboration with Esther Torrego, he developed a theory of grammatical case in noun phrases, arguing that nominative and accusative cases are the mirror image for the nominal system of phi feature agreement in the verbal system. He has worked extensively on the structure of Russian, and recently has argued (in collaboration with Jonah Katz) that the syntax of tonal music is identical to the structure of language.
In an article coauthored with Andrew Nevins and Cilene Rodrigues, Pesetsky criticized claims by Daniel Everett concerning the Pirahã language, touching off a protracted debate in the pages of the journal Language. |
Introduction
İhsan Oktay Anar, is a Turkish writer, illustrator, literature translator and an academic.
He studied philosophy in Ege University on undergraduate (1984), graduate (1989) and doctoral levels. Anar now teaches at the same university, lecturing in antique philosophy and Greek. In 2009, he won the Erdal Öz Literature Award "for his valuable novels and original style".
Anar published his first novel, The Atlas of Misty Continents (Puslu Kıtalar Atlası) in 1995. The book was translated to a number of languages, including French, German and Hungarian, and a comic book version by caricaturist İlban Ertem was released in Spring of 2015. His novels are fantasy pieces supported by historical facts and rumors especially related to the Ottoman Empire and a narration resembling fairy tales. He is known for well developed, various and original characters and providing a philosophical basis for his fantasy plots. Supernatural elements and references to folk literature and culture are commonly seen in his works. He uses a mixture of Ottoman and folk terminology within his Turkish writings, giving references to myths and historical scriptures. A trivial fact is that each of his books have a character named "Uzun İhsan" (meaning "Ihsan the Tall"), which is in fact a reference to himself. Anar is a tall and imposing figure, with a height over six feet four.
Works
;Novels:
Tiamat (Tiamat) (2022)
The Nasty Hero (Galiz Kahraman) (2014)
Seventh Day (Yedinci Gün) (2012)
Taciturns (Suskunlar) (2007)
Amat (Amat) (2005)
Tales of Afrasiab (Efrasiyab`ın Hikayeleri) (1998) - later adapted for stage
The Book of Devices (Kitab-ül Hiyel) (1996)
The Atlas of Misty Continents (Puslu Kıtalar Atlası) (1995)
;Illustrations for Kitab-ül Hiyel:
has published articles in the former newspaper Yeni Binyıl
has published a story in the book 1002 Gece Masalları
;Academic articles published in Turkish:
Anar, İ.O., Er Efsanesinin Muhtemel Kökenleri, Seminar, 1993, P.30-44.
Anar, İ.O., Sokrates Sorunu, Seminar. 1990. pp. 1–9. |
Introduction
Unity Broadcasting Network logo
The Unity Broadcasting Network is an over-the-air religious television network. The company is headquartered in Booneville, Mississippi, and individual transmitter stations are located in Mississippi and Tennessee.
Programming
The Unity Broadcasting Network airs many local programs from various churches and Christians in the area. During times when locally produced programs are not aired the station airs programs from the Smile of a Child TV network and the Legacy TV network. Unity also carries Local weather provided by Mississippi Weather Media LLC. www.mswxmedia.com
List of Stations
Current Stations
W32EV-D 32 Adamsville, Tennessee
W34DV-D 34 Booneville, Mississippi
W39CA-D 39 Fulton, Mississippi
Possible Future Stations
Channel 42 in Rolla, Missouri.
30 in Lexington, Tennessee (Construction Permit)
45 Humboldt, Tennessee (Construction Permit)
Former Stations
6 Selmer, Tennessee
W15CG 15 Pontotoc, Mississippi
45 Russellville, Alabama
46 Tuscumbia, Alabama
K38HE-D 38 West Plains, Missouri
Cable coverage
UBN's website lists that their translator on Channel 34 is carried on Comcast Cable 8 in Corinth, Mississippi, and their MySpace account says they are on channel 56. |
Introduction
Agusta A109 helicopters which were the subject of the scandal
The Agusta scandal, alternatively known as the Agusta–Dassault Case, was a major political scandal which occurred in Belgium during the 1990s, based on allegations that two multinational companies had used bribery to secure large defence procurement contracts. The companies in question, Agusta and Dassault, bribed numerous political office-holders in 1988 in order to secure a large order of Agusta A109 helicopters and the contract for re-fitting Belgian F-16 Fighting Falcon fighter jets respectively. The scandal came to light during investigations into the death of the socialist politician André Cools in 1991 and an official enquiry was opened in 1993. Numerous senior figures in both Walloon and Flemish socialist parties were implicated, including the incumbent Secretary General of NATO Willy Claes who was forced to resign.
The Agusta scandal was the first of a series of highly publicised scandals in Belgium. It was followed by the revelations about the "Hormone Mafia", the Dioxin affair, and the Dutroux affair.
History
Investigation and exposure
The investigation into the purchase was started by the investigative team looking into the 1991 assassination of André Cools, a politician of the Francophone Parti Socialiste and former Deputy Prime Minister, when it turned out that Cools had knowledge about the Agusta deal. An official investigation into the deal was started in January 1993, by judge Véronique Ancia, when a search warrant was issued for Agusta and its lobbyist Georges Cywie.
In January 1994, the Belgian Senate removed the immunity on the Minister-President of Wallonia, Guy Spitaels, and the minister , both from the PS, and members of the Walloon Government.
Guy Coëme, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Transportation for the PS resigned that same month. Frank Vandenbroucke, Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Federal Government for the Flemish Socialistische Partij, resigned from his post in March 1994. Willy Claes, member of the SP and Secretary General of NATO, resigned on 20 October 1995.
Prosecution
A criminal trial was handled by the Court of Cassation, which is responsible for cases involving minister in function. The public prosecutor was . The court had most of its verdicts ready on 23 December 1998. Willy Claes received a three-year probationary sentence and a five-year prohibition on running for public office. Guy Coëme and Guy Spitaels both received three-year probationary sentences with a five-year prohibition on running for public office. Serge Dassault, of the Dassault company, received an 18-month probationary sentence for bribery.
In total, Agusta and Dassault paid more than 160 million francs (about 4 million euros) to the Parti Socialiste and Socialistische Partij in bribes.
Verdicts
Willy Claes, who was forced to resign his position as Secretary General of NATO over the scandal
+ Verdicts of the Court of Cassation
Name
Function
Party
Crime (Agusta case)
Crime (Dassault case)
Sentence
Fine (in Belgian francs)
André Bastien
Chief of staff to Coëme
PS
n.a.
passive corruption forgery
6 months' probation
6,000
Willy Claes
Minister of Foreign Affairs
SP
passive corruption
passive corruption
3 years' probation
60,000
Guy Coëme
Minister of Defense
PS
n.a.
passive corruption forgery
2 years' probation
60,000
Serge Dassault
Director, Dassault Group
n.a.
n.a.
active corruption
2 years' probation
60,000
Johan Delanghe
Chief of staff to Claes
SP
passive corruption
passive corruption forgery
18 months' probation
60,000
Chief of staff
PS
n.a.
passive corruption
1 year's probation
30,000
Etienne Mangé
Treasurer, Socialistische Partij
SP
n.a.
n.a.
1 year's probation
30,000
Jean-Louis Mazy
Deputy chief of staff to Coëme
PS
n.a.
passive corruption forgery
6 months' probation
6,000
Alfons Puelinckx
lawyer
n.a.
passive corruption forgery
passive corruption
2 years' incarceration
60,000
François Pirot
Vice-Secretary, Parti Socialiste
PS
n.a.
passive corruption
3 months' probation
6,000
Guy Spitaels
Chairman, Parti Socialiste
PS
n.a.
passive corruption
2 years' probation
60,000
Luc Wallyn
Secretary, Parti Socialiste
PS
passive corruption forgery
passive corruption
2 years' probation
60,000
The Parti Socialiste had to return 49 million francs in bribes, the Socialistische Partij 111 million francs. Claes, Coëme, Delanghe, Hermanus, Mangé, Puelinckx, Spitaels and Wallyn were also barred from running for political office, or working in the civil service, for five years.
European Court of Human Rights
After the verdicts were handed down, many of the convicted parties applied to the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) to get the verdicts revoked, because the Court of Cassation in Belgium does not allow for an appeal process, which would have been in violation of the European Convention on Human Rights.
On 2 June 2005, the ECHR judged that in the case of the two ministers, Willy Claes and Guy Coëme, both men were given a lawful trial at the Court of Cassation. The trial of the five others who applied to the ECHR, Dassault, Hermanus, Delanghe, Puelinckx and Wallyn, at the Court of Cassation, was found to have contravened the European Convention on Human Rights, but their verdicts would stand nonetheless. |
Introduction
Incident of the 7th Bamboo Flute is a 1936 Korean film directed by and starring Na Woon-gyu. It premiered at the WooMiKwan theater.
Plot
This action-oriented film tells the story of a traveling theatrical troupe. When one of the actresses is sold to criminals running an opium den, Na Woon-gyu's character rescues her and returns her to the troupe. |
Introduction
right
The Long Ones is a rare compilation of novellas by Joe R. Lansdale, which are too long to be "short stories", but too short to be "novels". It was apparently only printed once, in hardcover form, in 1999.
Contents
*Bubba Ho-Tep {originally published in The King Is Dead, ed. Paul M. Sammon (1994)}
The Events Concerning a Nude Fold-Out Found in a Harlequin Romance (winner of Bram Stoker Award) {originally published in Dark at Heart, ed. Joe & Karen Lansdale (1992) }
On the Far Side of the Cadillac Desert With Dead Folks {originally published in Book of the Dead, ed. John M. Skipp & Craig Spector (1989)}
The Steam Man of the Prairie and the Dark Rider Get Down: A Dime Novel {first publication}
Afterword
At the time, The Steam Man was exclusive to this collection, but it has been subsequently re-published in Mad Dog Summer as well as the short-story anthology Steampunk. |
Introduction
Ryan Joseph Kalil is an American film and television producer and former National Football League (NFL) center. He played college football at USC, where he was a member of two national championship teams, was named a first-team All-American, and won the 2006 Morris Trophy. He was drafted by the Carolina Panthers in the second round of the 2007 NFL Draft, where he played for 12 seasons. He also played 1 season with the New York Jets.
Kalil was selected to the Pro Bowl in 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, and 2015.
Early life
Kalil was born Ryan Joseph Kalil in 1985 to Frank and Cheryl Kalil. His father, Frank, played football for the University of Arkansas and the University of Arizona. He was drafted by the National Football League Buffalo Bills in 1982 and later played in the United States Football League until 1984. His mother, Cheryl (Van Cleave), was Miss California in 1981. He is of Lebanese and Mexican heritage and has two siblings. His brother, Matt, is a former starting offensive tackle at USC and was drafted fourth overall by the Minnesota Vikings in 2012. They were the third set of brothers to play on the same offensive line in the NFL when Matt joined Ryan on the Panthers in 2017 and the first set of brothers to do it in 24 years. Their sister Danielle sang the national anthem at the Vikings–Panthers game, which featured both her brothers, on October 13, 2013.
Early career
High school career
Born in Tucson, Arizona and raised in Corona, California, Kalil went to Servite High School in Anaheim, California, where he was teammates with future New England Patriots wide receiver/special teams and fellow NFL future All Pro Matthew Slater.
College career
Kalil attended the University of Southern California, where he played for the USC Trojans football team. He was a 2005 Sports Illustrated All-American, won the USC Trojans' Bob Chandler Award in 2005 and Courage Award in 2004, and was on the watch list for the Lombardi Award.
Kalil was on the official watch list for the Rimington Trophy for the top college football center and the Outland Trophy watch list for the best lineman. He was named to the 2005 and 2006 Pac-10 coaches and Rivals.com All-Pac-10 team First Team. He was a Pro Football Weekly All-American choice and a Rivals.com second-team All American and SI.com honorable mention All-American.
Kalil was voted "lineman of the year" by his Trojans teammates and won the 2006 Morris Trophy. He was invited to play in the Senior Bowl prior to the 2007 NFL Draft.
In 2003, Kalil and the Trojans finished the regular season 11–1 and ranked No. 1 in the AP and coaches' polls. However, USC was left out of the BCS championship game after finishing third in the BCS behind Oklahoma and LSU. The Trojans went to the Rose Bowl and played University of Michigan. That 2003 season saw split national champions, as LSU won the BCS title, while USC was crowned champion by the AP. Kalil appeared in two BCS Championship Games: 2005’s win against the University of Oklahoma and 2006’s loss to University of Texas.
Professional football career
Kalil ran the 40-yard dash in 4.94 seconds at the 2007 NFL Combine and bench pressed 225 pounds 34 times. His performances at the combine and the Senior Bowl impressed scouts and led many analysts to project he would be selected in the first or second round of the 2007 NFL Draft.
Carolina Panthers
Pre-draft predictions turned out to be correct, as Kalil was selected in the second round of the draft with the 59th pick by the Carolina Panthers. He was the first center to be selected in the 2007 draft and joined his teammate from the USC Trojans, Dwayne Jarrett, who the Panthers also selected in the second round.
In 2007, Kalil started three games at center.
In 2008, Kalil was named the full-time starter at center. He started in all 12 games that he appeared, missing four games due to injury.
In 2011, Kalil received a franchise tag from the Carolina Panthers.
On August 19, 2011, the Panthers signed Kalil to a six-year $49 million deal, making him the highest paid center in NFL history. He was selected to the Pro Bowl as the starting center of the NFC team.
On February 7, 2016, Kalil was part of the Panthers team that played in Super Bowl 50. In the game, the Panthers fell to the Denver Broncos by a score of 24–10.
It was announced on December 23, 2015 that Kalil was one of ten players on the Carolina Panthers voted into the 2016 Pro Bowl, making it his fifth appearance. He could not play in the Pro Bowl due to the Panthers appearance in Super Bowl 50. For the 2015 season, PFF rated Kalil as the third-best run-blocking center in the NFL. He was ranked 79th by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2016.
On June 6, 2016, Kalil signed a two-year extension with the Panthers. He had been dealing with a shoulder injury for several weeks before leaving the Week 11 game against the New Orleans Saints. He was placed on injured reserve on November 29, 2016, ending his season.
In 2017, Kalil started only six games after dealing with a neck injury for most of the season.
On December 31, 2018, Kalil announced his retirement from the NFL after 12 seasons.
New York Jets
On August 1, 2019, Kalil came out of his brief retirement to sign a one-year contract with the New York Jets. He was placed on injured reserve on November 16, 2019.
In media
Film and television
Kalil has interests in the film industry, having made claymation films as a child.
He directed fellow USC-alumnus Will Ferrell on a football training spoof for the NFL Network and his short film, The Take Off, which premiered at The 34th Annual Santa Barbara International Film Festival on January 29, 2019.
Kalil founded Mortal Media in 2016 with friend Blake Griffin. Kalil and Griffin have sold eight movie and television projects, five of which are in active development, most notably Apple TV+'s Hello Tomorrow! and reboots of White Men Can't Jump and Disney’s The Rocketeer.
Books
In June 2016, Deadline Hollywood announced he will serve as an executive producer along with Dwayne Johnson producing Sony Pictures film "Son of Shaolin." Kalil financed production of the underlying graphic novel.
Ryan Kalil, Shawn Kittelsen and Chris B. Murray created Savage Game, a Comixology Originals 60-page sci-fi graphic novel that is a high-tech version of The Island of Dr. Moreau.
Kalil also co-wrote The Rookie Handbook with former Carolina offensive line teammates Jordan Gross and Geoff Hangartner. The Rookie Handbook is a humorous and insightful look at the life of an NFL rookie. It's designed to give a behind the scenes glimpse at life in the big leagues for the legions of NFL fans.
Podcast network and production company
In March 2022, Kalil, along with Vince Vaughn and Greg Olsen, launched a podcast network and production company named Audiorama. The first podcast available from the network, called Youth, Inc., focuses on youth sports.
Personal life
Kalil resides in Manhattan Beach, California, with his wife, Natalie, and their four children. Ryan started the Kalil Family Foundation with his wife, which works to greatly accelerate lupus research and improve life for people living with lupus. The foundation also supports pioneering solutions to end homelessness in the United States and abroad.
Kalil was announced as one of the investors in an almost all-female group that was awarded a new franchise in the National Women's Soccer League, the top level of women's sport in the U.S. The new team, since unveiled as Angel City FC, is set to start play in 2022. |
Introduction
This is a list of notable people who served in the United States Air Force, the Air National Guard, or their antecedents in the Army. See also Graduates of the United States Air Force Academy.
A
John Agar – Film actor
Paul W. Airey – First Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force
Frank Albertson – Film actor
Buzz Aldrin – Astronaut (Gemini 12 and Apollo 11 – second man to walk on the Moon)
Robert Altman – Film director
William Anders – Astronaut (Apollo 8 – first flight to orbit the Moon)
Michael P. Anderson – Astronaut (Killed in Columbia Accident)
Sunny Anderson – Radio and television personality
Edward Anhalt – Novelist and screenwriter
Al Anthony – Radio personality
Richard Arlen – Film actor
Michael F. Armstrong – Attorney
Hap Arnold – Aviation pioneer and General of the Air Force
Xavier Atencio – Film animator
Gene Autry – Film actor, singer, and Major League baseball team owner
B
Charles Bronson
George W. Bush
Alonzo Babers – Airline pilot and Olympic athlete
Jacob “Buddy” Baer – Boxer, Film and TV actor
Max Baer, Jr – Film actor
Max Baer, Sr – Boxer and World Heavyweight Champion, Film and TV actor
Hobey Baker – Amateur hockey player
Bernt Balchen – Norwegian-born aviation explorer
Thomas Scott Baldwin – Pioneer balloonist
Martin Balsam – Film actor
Sy Bartlett – Film screenwriter and producer, co-author of Twelve O'Clock High
Warren Beatty – Oscar-winning film actor, director, producer and screenwriter
Chuck Bednarik – Professional football player
Art Bell – Talk radio personality
Brooks Benedict – actor of the silent and sound film eras who served with the American Ambulance Corps and in the U.S. Army Air Service during the First World War
Lloyd Bentsen – Senator of Texas, 1988 vice presidential nominee, 69th Secretary of the Treasury
James Best – Television and film actor
Edward Binns – Television and film actor
John Birch – East China missionary
Barry Bishop – Member of the first American team to summit Mount Everest
Charles F. Blair, Jr. – General officer, and husband of actress Maureen O'Hara
Esther Blake – First female member of the United States Air Force
William Peter Blatty – Oscar-winning screenwriter, film producer, director and author known for his 1971 novel The Exorcist and for writing and producing the highly successful 1973 film adaptation
John Boccieri – Member of Congress of Ohio.
Richard Bong – American Ace of Aces
Frank Borman – Astronaut (Gemini 7 and Apollo 8 – first flight to orbit the Moon)
Robert Sidney Bowen – Newspaper journalist, magazine editor and author of the Dave Dawson War Adventure Series and the Red Randall Series. Served as a fighter pilot in both the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the United States Army Air Service, and as an ambulance driver with the American Field Service (AFS) during World War I.
William Bowers – Screenwriter
Boxcar Willie – Country music entertainer
Lewis H. Brereton – Aviation pioneer and only active duty member of USAF and all of its forebearers
Charles Bronson – Film actor
Clarence Brown – Six-time Oscar-nominated film director who served as a fighter pilot and flight instructor in the United States Army Air Service during World War I
Dale Brown – Author
Roscoe C. Brown, Jr. – Tuskegee Airman, educator, and TV personality
John Bunch – Jazz pianist
William Bundy – CIA analyst and foreign affairs advisor
George W. Bush – 43rd President of the United States
Craig D. Button – Victim of mysterious flight and crash
Red Buttons – Film actor
C
Jacqueline Cochran
Dann Cahn – Film editor
Frank Capra – Film director
George Carlin – Actor and comedian
Johnny Cash – Country music singer
Clint Castleberry – College football player
James Lea Cate – Historian
Clarence Chamberlin – Barnstormer and aviation pioneer
Harry Chapin – Singer/songwriter
Hollis B. Chenery – Economist
John Ciardi – Poet
Beryl Clark – Professional football player
Hal Clement – Author
Larry Clinton – Band leader
William Close – Surgeon and physician, father of actress Glenn Close
Lee J. Cobb – Film actor
Jacqueline Cochran – Aviator; co-founder and director of the Women Airforce Service Pilots
Red Cochran – Professional football player, coach, and scout
Charles J. Colgan – Virginia politician and founder of Colgan Air.
Eileen Collins – Astronaut (STS-84, STS-93, STS-114)
Michael Collins – Astronaut (Gemini 10 & Apollo 11)
Ramón Colón-López – First Hispanic recipient of the Air Force Combat Action Medal
Mike Connors – Film and TV actor best known for playing private detective Joe Mannix
Jackie Coogan – Film and television actor
Gordon Cooper – Mercury astronaut (Mercury 9 & Gemini 5)
Merian C. Cooper – Adventurer, filmmaker and film producer
Joseph Cotten – Film actor
James E. Counsilman – Collegiate swimming coach
Clyde Cowan – Physicist and discoverer of the neutrino
James Gould Cozzens – Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist
Adrian Cronauer – Lawyer, media expert and inspiration for the film Good Morning, Vietnam
Robert Cummings – Emmy Award-winning film and television actor
D
James Daly – Emmy Award-winning actor (Planet of the Apes)
Tom Daschle – Senator of South Dakota
Benjamin O. Davis, Jr. – First African-American USAF general officer
Bud Day – Medal of Honor recipient and prisoner of war in Vietnam
Jimmy Dean – Country music singer, television host, actor, businessman and creator of the Jimmy Dean sausage brand
James Dickey – Poet, author of the 1970 novel Deliverance and screenwriter of the 1972 film adaptation
Brian Donlevy – Film actor
Jimmy Doolittle – Test pilot and aeronautical engineer
Bob Dornan – Member of Congress from California and talk radio personality
Charles Duke – Astronaut (Apollo 16)
E
Robert Ellenstein – Film and television actor
Sam Elliott – Oscar-nominated film actor
Jules Engel – Filmmaker and animator
Joe Engle – Astronaut, X-15 and space shuttle pilot
Bill Erwin – Character actor known for his 1993 Emmy-nominated performance on Seinfeld, portraying the embittered, irascible retiree Sid Fields in the episode "The Old Man"
F
Fred D. Fagg Jr. – 2nd Director of Air Commerce and 6th president of the University of Southern California
Norman Fell – Film and television actor
Bryce Fisher – Professional football player
Kelly Flinn – First female B-52 pilot
Tennessee Ernie Ford – Television comedian and recording artist
Nathan Bedford Forrest III – Great-grandson of Confederate general Nathan Bedford Forrest
Joe Foss – U.S. Marine Corps flying ace and 20th Governor of South Dakota
John Frankenheimer – Film director
Arthur Franz – Film actor
Morgan Freeman – Film actor
Theodore Freeman – Astronaut (first fatality)
G
Hank Greenberg, Hall of Famer and 2-time MVP
Clark Gable – Film actor
Ernest K. Gann – Novelist
Daniel Garber – Artist
William T. Gardiner – 55th Governor of Maine
Robert Gates – 22d United States Secretary of Defense
Marvin Gaye – Singer and songwriter
Michael V. Gazzo – Broadway playwright and film actor best known for playing Frank Pentangeli in The Godfather: Part II
Elmer Gedeon – Three-sport college athlete and professional baseball player
Leigh Gerdine – Musician, civic leader, Webster University president
Henry Gibson – Film actor, singer and songwriter
George Gobel – Television comedian
Arthur Godfrey – Television personality
Barry Goldwater – Senator of Arizona and 1964 Republican presidential nominee
Alberto Gonzales – 80th United States Attorney General
Dick Grace – Film stunt flyer
Lindsey Graham – Senator of South Carolina
Susan Grant – Novelist
Peter Graves – Film and television actor
Hank Greenberg – Major League baseball player
Gus Grissom – Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo Astronaut
H
LeRoy Homer Jr.
Larry Hagman – Film and television actor, director and producer
William Wister Haines – Novelist, screenwriter and playwright
Fred Haise – Naval aviator, Air Force pilot, test pilot and NASA astronaut (Apollo 13 and Space Shuttle Enterprise). Of the 24 men to have ever flown to the moon, Haise is also the only Marine.
Arch Hall Sr. – Film screenwriter, actor and filmmaker
James Norman Hall – American writer best known for The Bounty Trilogy who holds the distinction of serving in the militaries of three Western allies during World War I; Great Britain as an infantryman, and then France and the United States as an aviator
Iceal Hambleton – Missile expert, subject of "Bat 21" rescue
Arthur B. Hancock, Jr. – Thoroughbred racehorse breeder
Howard Hawks – Academy Award-nominated filmmaker who served as an aviator in the United States Army Air Service during World War I
Michael Hayden – 19th CIA Director
Van Heflin – Film actor
H. John Heinz III – Senator from Pennsylvania
Joseph Heller – Novelist
Sherman Hemsley – Actor and musician
Skitch Henderson – Band leader
Chad Hennings – Professional football player
Jim Hensley – Beer executive and father-in-law to John McCain
Don Herbert – Television personality as "Mr. Wizard"
Charlton Heston – Film actor
John Hillerman – Film actor
Ben Hogan – Professional golfer
William Holden – Film actor
Tim Holt – Film actor
LeRoy Homer Jr. – Airline pilot, co-pilot of United Airlines Flight 93
John Hope – Television meteorologist
Rance Howard – Film and TV actor, also father of actor and filmmaker Ron Howard and actor Clint Howard, and grandfather of actresses Bryce Dallas Howard and Paige Howard
David Huddleston – Emmy Award-nominated film and television actor
E. Howard Hunt – Intelligence officer and author known for his involvement in the Watergate scandal, also served in the U.S. Navy and the Office of Strategic Services
Rick Husband – NASA astronaut (killed in the Columbia accident)
Mac Hyman – Novelist
J
James Jabara – First American jet ace
Bernard James – NBA player for the Dallas Mavericks
Randall Jarrell – Poet
Rick Jason – Film and television actor
Russell Johnson – Film and television actor
Sam Johnson – Member of Congress of Texas
Bobby Jones – Amateur golf champion
David M. Jones – Doolittle Raider and POW of Stalag Luft III.
K
Todd Karns – Film actor who played George Bailey's younger brother, Harry, in the 1946 film It's a Wonderful Life
Nicholas Katzenbach – 65th United States Attorney General
William Keighley – Film director and actor who supervised the First Motion Picture Unit of the United States Army Air Forces during World War II
DeForest Kelley – Film and television actor
Arthur Kennedy – Film actor
Ron Kenoly – Christian music worship leader
Irvin Kershner – Film director
Algene and Frederick Key – Brothers and aviation pioneers
Iven Kincheloe – Air Force test pilot
Micki King – Olympic diving gold-medalist and athletic coach
Wally Kinnan – Pioneering meteorologist
Norman Krasna – Screenwriter
L
Alan Ladd
Alan Ladd – Film actor
Fiorello H. La Guardia – Mayor of New York City
Frank Purdy Lahm – First military aviator
Tom Landry – Dallas Cowboys football coach
Beirne Lay, Jr. – Screenwriter, co-author of Twelve O'Clock High
Norman Lear – Television and motion picture producer, director and screenwriter
Curtis LeMay – USAF Chief of Staff and 1968 vice presidential candidate
John Levitow – Enlisted recipient of the Medal of Honor
Jules V. Levy – Film and television producer and screenwriter
Buddy Lewis – Major League baseball player
Charles Lindbergh – Legendary aviator
Roger Locher – USAF pilot whose rescue was the deepest inside North Vietnam during the entire Vietnam War
Donald S. Lopez, Sr. – Ace with the Flying Tigers
Robert Moffat Losey – Meteorologist; considered to be the first American military casualty in World War II
Nancy Harkness Love – Aviator and co-founder of the Women Airforce Service Pilots
Frank Luke Jr. – Medal of Honor recipient during World War I
M
James Meredith in 1962
John E. Mack – Psychiatrist
Gavin MacLeod – Film and television actor
Gordon MacRae – Broadway and Film actor
John Lee Mahin – Screenwriter and film producer
Nicole Malachowski – First woman pilot with United States Air Force Thunderbirds
Karl Malden – Film actor
Herman J. Mankiewicz – Oscar-winning screenwriter of Citizen Kane who also served in the U.S. Marine Corps
Delbert Mann – Television and film director
Paul Mantz – Film stunt pilot
Dean Paul Martin – Singer and actor
Tony Martin – Entertainer
Vernon Martin – Professional football player
Jerry Mathers – Television actor
Walter Matthau – Film actor
MC Tee – Musician
T. Allen McArtor – Business executive and FAA Administrator
Kevin McCarthy – Film actor
Joseph C. McConnell – Leading U.S. ace of the Korean War
George McGovern – Senator of South Dakota, 1972 presidential nominee
Robert McNamara and the Whiz Kids – Ford Motor Company executives
James Meredith – Civil Rights figure; first African-American to attend the University of Mississippi
Gary Merrill – Film actor
Major Glenn Miller
Ray Milland – Film actor
Glenn Miller – Musician and band leader
Walter M. Miller, Jr. – Science fiction author
John Purroy Mitchel – 95th Mayor of New York City
Billy Mitchell – Grandfather of the U.S. Air Force.
Cameron Mitchell – Film actor
Nicole Mitchell – TV meteorologist
Dana Mohler-Faria – President, Bridgewater State College
George Montgomery – Film and television actor
Clayton Moore – Television actor
Dodge Morgan – Single-handed sailor and entrepreneur
Charles Munger – Billionaire investor
Richard Murphy – Film screenwriter
N
Jack Narz – TV game show host
Willie Nelson – Singer and songwriter
Mike Nesmith – Guitarist, member of "The Monkees," and heir to the Liquid Paper fortune
Jack Nicholson – Oscar-winning film actor, director, producer and screenwriter
Cody Nickson – American television personality, winner of The Amazing Race 30, contestant of Big Brother 19
Charles Nordhoff – American writer best known for The Bounty Trilogy who served in the Ambulance Corps during World War I, as well as a military aviator in both the French Lafayette Flying Corps and the United States Army Air Service.
Chuck Norris – B-movie actor
O
Edmond O'Brien – Film actor
Jarvis Offutt – U.S. Army Air Service aviator and namesake of Offutt Air Force Base.
Robin Olds – Two-war triple flying ace
George Olesen – Cartoonist
Patrick O'Neal – Film actor
Robert Osborne – Actor, film historian and author best known as the primary host of the cable channel Turner Classic Movies (TCM) for more than 20 years
P
Tom Poston
Jack Palance – Film actor
Ron Paul – Member of Congress; 1988, 2008 & 2012 Presidential candidate
John Payne – Film actor
Stacy Pearsall – Combat photographer, two-time winner of the NPPA Military Photographer of the Year award
Leo Penn – Film director
Leonard Pennario – Concert pianist and composer
Oscar Francis Perdomo – "Ace in a Day"
Sonny Perdue – 81st Governor of Georgia.
H. Ross Perot, Jr. – Member of the Forbes 400 and son of Ross Perot
Rick Perry – 47th Governor of Texas
House Peters Jr. – Actor
Paul Picerni – Actor
William H. Pitsenbarger – Enlisted recipient of the Medal of Honor
Robert M. Polich, Sr. – Recipient of Distinguished Flying Cross and POW of Stalag Luft III
Gregg Popovich – Head Coach of the NBA professional basketball team San Antonio Spurs
Wiley Post – Famed American aviator during the interwar period and the first pilot to fly solo around the world. Also known for his work in high-altitude flying, Post helped develop one of the first pressure suits and discovered the jet stream.
Tom Poston – Television comedian
H.C. Potter – Film director and producer
Jody Powell – White House Press Secretary
Francis Gary Powers – CIA U-2 spy plane pilot
Robert Preston – Film and Broadway actor
Robert Prosky – Film actor
Mario Puzo – Author of The Godfather and screenwriter of the 1972 film adaptation
Q
Elwood R. "Pete" Quesada – Aviation pioneer
Robin Quivers – Co-host of the Howard Stern Show
R
Dennis Rader – BTK Serial Killer
John Randolph – Broadway and film actor
Gene Raymond – Film actor
Ronald Reagan – 40th President of the United States
Chuck Reed – Mayor of San Jose, California and his daughter, Kim Campbell, a decorated Iraq War pilot
George Reeves – Television and film actor
William Rehnquist – 16th Chief Justice of the United States
Carl Reiner – Film actor, comedian, director and screenwriter
Eddie Rickenbacker – Leading American World War I flying ace
Roy Riegels – All-American football player
Robinson Risner – Decorated USAF General and Vietnam POW.
R. Stephen Ritchie – USAF Ace in the Vietnam War
Martin Ritt – Film director
Gene Roddenberry – Television producer
Marion Rodgers – Communications Specialist, Former Tuskegee Airman
Elliott Roosevelt – Son of Franklin D. Roosevelt
Quentin Roosevelt – Son of Theodore Roosevelt, killed in WWI
Leonard Rosenman – Film composer
Bob Ross – Painter
Chelcie Ross – Film actor
Dan Rowan – Comedian and television actor
Kurt Russell – Film actor
Dick Rutan – Aviation record-holder and aircraft designer
S
Sabu
Mickey Spillane
Brig. Gen. Stewart ca. 1960
Sabu – Film actor
James Salter – Novelist
Mark Sanford – 115th Governor of South Carolina
Roy Scheider – Oscar-nominated actor
Bob Schieffer – Television journalist
Tex Schramm – President and general manager of the Dallas Cowboys
Dick Scobee – Astronaut, killed in Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster
David Scott – Astronaut (Gemini 8, Apollo 9, and Apollo 15)
Donald E. Scott – All-American college football quarterback
Dr. Seuss – Famed American children's author, political cartoonist, illustrator, poet, animator and filmmaker
Lance Sijan – Medal of Honor recipient
Sinbad – Actor and comedian
Tom Skerritt – Film actor
Deke Slayton – Mercury and Apollo-Soyuz Test Project astronaut
Jack Smight – Theater, film and television director
Tubby Smith – NCAA Men's Basketball Coach
Carl Spaatz – Pioneer airman, first Chief of Staff of the Air Force
Aaron Spelling – Film and television producer
Mickey Spillane – Crime novelist
G.D. Spradlin – Film actor known for The Godfather: Part II
Thomas P. Stafford – aviator and astronaut (Gemini 6A, Gemini 9A, Apollo 10)
Bill Stealey – Business CEO and co-founder of MicroProse
David Steeves – Pilot who crashed in the Sierra Nevada and endured a nearly two month survival ordeal.
George Steinbrenner – Team owner of the New York Yankees
Robert Sterling – Film actor
Craig Stevens – Television actor
Ted Stevens – Senator of Alaska
James Stewart – Film actor
Bert Stiles – Author
Ralph Story – Television personality
Dale E. Stovall – USAF General, decorated Vietnam War search and rescue pilot
John Sturges – Film director
Chesley Sullenberger – Airline pilot, hero of Miracle on the Hudson
Bruce Sundlun – 71st governor of Rhode Island
Charles Sweeney – Pilot who flew the Fat Man bomb to Nagasaki.
Jack Swigert – Astronaut and congressman-elect
T
Don Taylor – Actor and filmmaker known for directing Tom Sawyer and Echoes of a Summer starring Jodie Foster. Also directed Damien: Omen II.
Fred Taylor – College basketball coach
Kenneth M. Taylor – World War II ace at the Attack on Pearl Harbor
Hunter S. Thompson – Writer
Stephen W. Thompson – First U.S. aviator to shoot down an enemy aircraft.
Bobby Thomson – Major League baseball player
Leo K. Thorsness – Medal of Honor recipient and Vietnam POW.
Harrison R. Thyng – Two-war ace and Senate candidate
Paul Tibbets – Commander of the Enola Gay
Mel Tillis – Country Music Singer
Tuskegee Airmen – First African-American military pilots
U
Stewart Udall – 37th United States Secretary of the Interior
V
Dick Van Dyke – Film and TV actor, comedian, writer, singer and dancer
Jerry Van Dyke – Film and TV actor, musician and comedian
Melvin Van Peebles – Filmmaker, actor, playwright, novelist and composer best known for Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song, regarded as one of the earliest and most successful films in the blaxploitation genre
W
Flip Wilson
Joseph A. Walker – X-15 test pilot
Kenneth N. Walker – Medal of Honor recipient, airpower visionary
George Wallace – 45th Governor of Alabama and presidential candidate
Fred Ward – Actor and producer
Jack L. Warner – Hollywood film executive
Jack Webb – Film and television actor, director, and producer
George Welch – World War II flying ace, decorated for heroism at the Attack on Pearl Harbor
William A. Wellman – Oscar-winning film director who, during World War I, served as a fighter pilot in the French Foreign Legion, as a driver in the Norton-Harjes Ambulance Corps on the Western Front, and as a flight instructor in the United States Army Air Service. He was also the first American to join Escadrille N.87 in the Lafayette Flying Corps of the French Air Force during the war. As a fighter pilot, he is credited with three confirmed kills and five probables.
David Westheimer – Novelist
Ed White – Astronaut (Gemini 4, first American to walk in space)
Frank D. White – 41st Governor of Arkansas
Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney – Businessman
John Hay Whitney – Newspaper publisher and Ambassador to Great Britain
Thornton Wilder – Novelist and playwright
John Williams – Oscar-winning film composer
Flip Wilson – Comedian
Heather Wilson – Member of Congress of New Mexico
Reality Winner – Whistleblower
Harris Wofford – Senator of Pennsylvania
Morgan Woodward – Film and television actor
Alfred Worden – Astronaut (Apollo 15)
James C. "Jim" Wright, Jr. – U.S. Representative from Texas and 56th Speaker of the House
William Wyler – Film director
Y
Chuck Yeager – Air Force test pilot
Coleman Young – Mayor of Detroit (1974–1994)
Z
Louis Zamperini – Olympic distance runner
Darryl F. Zanuck – Film producer and executive |
Introduction
Breckenheim, Germany is one of Wiesbaden's eastern suburbs, and was incorporated into the city of Wiesbaden on 1 January 1977. It has a population of about 3,300 (2020).
History
Evangelische Church in background
The first known mention of Breckenheim is from a charter dated 1 May 950 in which King Otto I donates land in the Königssondergau in Breckenheim, nearby Wallau and Nordenstadt to the count Gerung. The document reads in Latin: "in villa Wanaloha et Brechenheim in pago Kunigessundera vocato in comitatu prefati Gerung comitis.
In the Middle Ages, the village and others surrounding belonged to the Lords of Eppstein from 1137. On 15 May 1251, the archbishop of Mainz donated several properties in Breckenheim and Erbenheim to the College of Mainz Cathedral. Of the extant buildings in Breckenheim, only the church tower, which was first mentioned in 1280, remains from this time. Breckenheim and other villages in the area were sold in 1492 to William III, the landgrave of Upper Hesse, and was passed to Hesse-Marburg in 1567, then in 1604 to Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel), then to Hesse-Darmstadt in 1624. The church at the center of the old village was completed in 1724, replacing the original which was destroyed along with most of Breckenheim in the Thirty Years' War. In 1803, the village was passed to Nassau and in 1866 was annexed by Prussia.
Sources
Die Geschichte von Breckenheim. Source: Dr. Rolf Faber Accessed 12-21-2013 |
Introduction
Zygmunt Grudziński was a Polish noble (szlachcic) of Grzymała coat of arms. He held the titles of castellan of Nakło (from 1615), Biechów (from 1616), Międzyrzecz, Międzyrzecze (from 1618) and Inowrocław (from 1621), as well voivode of Inowrocław (from 1621 to 1628) and later voivode of Kalisz (from 1628 to 1652).
In 1613 he was a deputy to Sejm from the Kalisz sejmik.
He dedicated himself to improving the wealth of both his own family and his voivodeship. He was known to be a shrewd investor, something not common among the szlachta, who tended to look down upon merchants and people dealing with non-agricultural trade.
He inherited only 10 villages after his father, but near the end of his life he was the owner of 114 villages, 6 towns and partial owner of another 21 villages and 3 towns. A member of Czech Brethren, he converted to Roman Catholicism near the end of his life, and in order to attract settlers to his lands he was a strong believer in religious tolerance. This is visible on the example of the town he founded, Swarzędz (early known as 'Grzymałowo'). In 1621 he invited Jews from large city of Poznań to the village of Swarzedz, guaranteeing them many religious freedoms, and sponsored the construction of 32 houses in the city for various craftsman. In 1638 he issued another set of guarantees, this time for Protestant settlers, invited Germans, and it was also the time that Swarzędz received city rights. Two years later the new town already had a wooden city hall. Early industries of the city, supported by Zygmunt, included a brewery, cloth manufacture, gunsmiths () and shoemakers guilds, the latter received its own statue in 1644. By that time the town has already become one of the most important cloth producers in Wielkopolska region of the Commonwealth.
He built a large manor in Poddębice, that can be described as a palace in the late-Renaissance style. But he burned it to the ground after his wife died in a tragic horse related accident.
He was married to Anna Opalińska. Their daughter, Izabela, married Paweł Działyński, the voivode of Brześć Kujawski. |
Introduction
Winnington Park Rugby Football Club is a rugby union club situated in Winnington, Northwich in Cheshire, England. The club runs three senior sides, a Ladies team, two colts sides and ten junior teams The first XV currently plays in the Northern Division, in North 2 West following their promotion from South Lancs/Cheshire 2 as champions at the end of the 2017–18 season.
Rugby Union
The club was founded in 1907 as a rugby union club.
Dewi Morris played for Winnington Park before moving on in his career and gaining caps with the England team.
Winnington Park rugby club is a few hundred yards across the park from its neighbours Northwich Rugby Club.
Rugby League
Weaverham Rangers rugby league club played in the North West Counties League until 2005. Weaverham Rangers became Winnington Park and joined the Rugby League Conference in 2006. Winnington Park had previously hosted a rugby league in the past when Crewe Wolves temporarily played there.
Winnington Park moved to neighbours Northwich RUFC and became Northwich Stags in 2008, the team won the Cheshire Division of the Conference but after 2009 in the Rugby League Merit League the club folded.
Club honours
*North 1 champions: 1987–88
Cheshire Cup winners (5): 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994
Cheshire Bowl winners (3): 2010, 2011, 2018
South Lancs/Cheshire 2 champions: 2017–18 |
Introduction
High Cotton is a collection of short fiction by Joe R. Lansdale, initially published in 2000. In his introduction, Lansdale cites it as the "Best of Lansdale", and has called this work a companion piece to the 2004 collection Bumper Crop. Initially issued as a hardcover, it has been reissued as a trade paperback.
He provides a brief introduction before each story, offering a description of his intent, and contextualizing each within the history of his career.
Contents
The collection contains:
"Bob the Dinosaur Goes to Disneyland" {originally published in Midnight Graffiti, Fall 1989}
"Booty and the Beast" {originally published in Archon Gaming}
"By Bizarre Hands" {originally published in Hardboiled #9 (1988)}
"By the Hair of the Head" {originally published in Shadows #6, ed. Charles L. Grant (1983)}
"Drive-In Date" {originally published in Night Visions 8}
"Dog, Cat, and Baby" {originally published in Masques #2, ed. J. N. Williamson (1987)}
"The Fat Man and the Elephant" {originally published in By Bizarre Hands}
"Godzilla's Twelve Step Program" {originally published in Writer of the Purple Rage}
"Incident On and Off a Mountain Road" {originally published in Night Visions 8}
"The Job" {originally published in Razored Saddles, ed. Joe R. Lansdale & Pat LoBrutto (1989)}
"Letter From the South, Two Moons West of Nacogdoches" {originally published in Last Wave #5 (1986)}
"Mister Weed-Eater" {previously published by Cahill Press, 1993}
"My Dead Dog Bobby" {originally published in The Horror Show, Summer 1987}
"Night They Missed the Horror Show" (winner of Bram Stoker Award) {originally published in Silver Scream, ed. David J. Schow (1988)}
"Not from Detroit" (based on scene from The Nightrunners) {originally published in Midnight Graffiti, Fall 1988}
"The Phone Woman" {originally published in Night Visions 8}
"The Pit" {originally published in The Black Lizard Anthology of Crime Fiction, ed. Ed Gorman (1987)}
"The Steel Valentine" {originally published in By Bizarre Hands}
"Steppin' Out, Summer, '68" {originally published in Night Visions 8}
"Tight Little Stitches in a Dead Man's Back" {originally published in Nukes, ed. John Maclay (1986)}
"Trains Not Taken" {originally published in RE:AL Spring (1987)}
Reception
The Denver Post wrote that it "serves as a good introduction to Lansdale's fiction... The tales are as weird and hard-edged as we've come to expect from Lansdale." The Rocky Mountain News called it his best collection. Fantasy & Science Fiction reviewed it, noting it is a compilation of "the stories that built Lansdale's reputation as one of the most audacious writers to come out of the eighties... High Cotton is only for the strong at heart, the fearless reader who can face its powerful subject matter as unflinchingly as did the author." |
Introduction
NBA Ballers: Phenom is a video game for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox. It is the sequel to NBA Ballers, which featured Stephon Marbury and Chauncey Billups. In this game, celebrities such as Jin, Ludacris, Hot Sauce, and Trikz can be played. The main story is based on the friendship between the player and Hot Sauce. One day, Hot Sauce signs up for a one-man street baller organization and steals the player's girlfriend. The gamer must then get back at him by showing off his streetball skills. The game features four divided sections of Los Angeles: Hollywood, Santa Monica, Beverly Hills and Los Angeles International Airport. Phenom expands on the customization from the first game. Now there are 20,000 customization combinations, with options including haircuts, headgear, tops, bottoms, shoes, jewelry, backpacks, knee pads, elbow pads, watches, shoes, and glasses. The game also introduces the ability for the player to create their own court. An extra disc containing the soundtrack comes with the game.
Story
The story mode feature in NBA Ballers: Phenom is the game's main feature. The player creates a custom character and can choose from a variety of customizations such as height, age, body type, position and more. The story is built around the created player, the Phenom, and his rivalry with former friend Philip "Hot Sauce" Champion. After Hot Sauce convinces the scouts that he and you are indeed a one-man show, Hot Sauce being the one man. Not only does he steal your glory but he steals your girlfriend too. It's NBA Finals week and you are setting out to prove just how good you are. With the million dollars and NBA's number 1 draft position or a lucrative entrepreneur empire up for offer, you must do whatever it takes to become the best. The main games are played in Tournament style the same as NBA Ballers. There are 4 locations in which you can compete in Tournaments. You can go back to your hotel when you are not competing in an event, where you can save the game, exit the game, continue the game, modify your baller and design your mansion. Two of the locations (Beverly Hills and Venice Beach) are explorable. You can walk around the town doing numerous tasks such as collecting the hidden diamonds, play Peja's Hot Hoops and you can talk to certain people and do tasks for them resulting in a generous reward and there is even a ticket stand where you can buy tickets to participate in certain events such as the Freestyle Rap Battle with Jin.
GAMEPLAY
The normal 1-on-1 half court gameplay was kept intact from the previous game. However, Phenom introduces 2-on-2 mode, which somewhat mimics the gameplay of NBA Jam as games are played on a full court with two ballers on both teams.
Reception
The game received "average" reviews on both platforms according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. |
Introduction
Zygmunt Grudziński may refer to:
Zygmunt Grudziński (1560–1618), Polish nobleman, voivode of Rawa
Zygmunt Grudziński (1568–1653), Polish nobleman, voivode of Innowrocław and Kalisz
Zygmunt Grudziński (1870–1929), Polish radiologist |
Introduction
Police Woman, released in the United States as Rumble in Hong Kong, is a 1973 Hong Kong action crime film written, produced and directed by Hdeng Tsu, who also co-stars in the film. The film stars Lin Chiu, Charlie Chin and Jackie Chan. The film is also known as Young Tiger.
The film was released in Hong Kong on 26 April 1973.
Plot
Chin Chen, a Hong Kong taxi driver, picks up Ho Mei Fong, a woman on the run from a gang of criminals. She dies suddenly and mysteriously in his back seat, but not before hiding her purse in the taxi. Now, the gang members begin to torment Chen, hoping he will hand over the purse, despite Chen being completely unaware of it.
Chen is visited by a woman claiming to Mei Fong's sister and looking for the purse. Days later, the dead woman's real sister, Police Inspector Ho Wai Ma, visits Chen and reveals that she had not spoken to her sister in years as she had become involved in the criminal underworld. The pair decide to team up to find Mei Fong's killers and bring them to justice.
The impostor turns out to be Sao Mei, who also works for the gang's evil boss. Chen witnesses her being kidnapped by the thugs and follows them to their hideout, joined by Wai Ma. However, both heroes are captured by the villains. Locked in a room together, Sao Mei reveals the truth to Wai Ma. The boss recruits attractive young women, such as Sao Mei and Mei Fong, to become drug smugglers for him. However, Mei Fong became desperate to escape and took photos of the mole-faced gang leader planting a car bomb which subsequently killed a man. The gangsters become aware of this and force her to drink poison. Secretly assisted by Sao Mei, Mei Fong escapes the hideout with the incriminating evidence hidden in her purse. Tragically, she did not make it to the hospital in time and died in Chen's taxi.
Chen, Wai Ma and Sao Mei manage to escape from their holdings and fight off their captors, then summon the police and Chen's fellow taxi drivers to their location. The criminals try to escape, but in a final brawl, Chen defeats the gang leader and retrieves Mei Fong's purse from his taxi. The evidence and the villains are then handed over to the police.
Cast
Lin Chiu as Inspector Ho Wai-ma
Charlie Chin as Chin Chen
Jackie Chan as Mole Face Gang Leader
Chin Hu as Ho Mei-fong
Hdeng Tsu as Car Bomb Victim
Fung Yi as Inspector Fung
Helena Law as Taxi Dispatcher
Cheung Ng long as Thug
Mang Ding-goh as Thug
Ho Gwong-ming as Thug
Yeh Tien-hsing as Thug
Li Wen-tai as Yuen Tai-heng
Betty Pei Ti as Sao Mei
Chiang Nan as Boss
Go Yeung as Taxi Company Owner
Michelle Yim as Girl harassed in park
Yuen Cheung-yan as Extra / Stunt
Chan Keung
Production
It is set and filmed in Hong Kong in 35 days on 8 June – 13 July 1972.
Home Media
American Home video companies like Xenon Entertainment Group and Madacy Entertainment released the film on video in the early 2000s as Rumble In Hong Kong. Clearly this was an attempt to capitalize on Jackie Chan's recent popularity in the west thanks to the release of Rumble in the Bronx and other films.
On 17 September 2001, DVD was released by Prism Leisure Corporation at the United Kingdom in Region 2. |
Introduction
Zygmunt Grudziński was a Polish radiologist of merit and founder of the "Polski Przeglad Radiologiczny" (Polish Radiological Review). Born in 1870, Łęczyca near Kalisz, died October 24, 1929, Warsaw. One of the foremost Polish radiologists, worked as docent of this discipline at the Warsaw University and was also head of the roentgenological institute at the Spital zur h. Verklärung. His works were published in German, French and Polish. |
Introduction
Ben Cannon is an American educator and policymaker from Oregon. He was elected in 2006 to the Oregon House of Representatives, representing the state's 46th District, which covers portions of southeast and northeast Portland. He won re-election in 2008 and 2010. In 2011, he resigned to become the Education Policy Advisor to Governor John Kitzhaber. In 2013, he was appointed to lead Oregon's new Higher Education Coordinating Commission.
Early life
A graduate of West Linn High School in West Linn, Oregon, Cannon was educated at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, where he edited the campus newspaper and co-authored Walking Historic Downtown St. Louis. He won a Rhodes Scholarship to Oxford University in 1999, and went to Corpus Christi College, Oxford. There he studied Philosophy, Politics, and Economics before taking a graduate degree in Comparative and International Education. Cannon returned to Oregon to become a middle school teacher at the Arbor School of Arts and Sciences in Tualatin.
Political career
Cannon was first elected to the Oregon House of Representatives in 2006. He served as chair of the House Environment and Water Committee in 2009-2010 and as its co-chair in 2011. In 2011, he teamed with Rep. Vicki Berger to pass a sweeping expansion of the iconic Oregon Bottle Bill. He was also responsible for successful legislation promoting car-sharing, clean fuels, and online voter registration. In 2009, he gained notoriety for proposing a major increase to the Oregon beer tax, which is among the nation's lowest.
Cannon was distinctive as the only member of Oregon's Legislature who refused to accept campaign contributions from political action committees. An online video promoted his effort to fund his 2010 re-election campaign by receiving $20 contributions from more than 1000 individuals.
Education leadership
In August 2011, Cannon resigned as State Representative when Governor John Kitzhaber appointed him as his education policy adviser. Cannon helped shepherd the state's efforts to win a waiver from No Child Left Behind and was an architect of an overhaul of Oregon's higher education system in 2013. In October, 2013, he was appointed Executive Director for the Higher Education Coordinating Commission, a newly created position that is the state's top higher education official. |
Introduction
Alex Kidd: High Tech World is a side-scrolling action-adventure video game combining adventure, platforming and puzzle-solving elements, released by Sega in 1989 for the Master System, as part of the Alex Kidd series. It is a modified version of the 1987 Japanese Master System game , which was based on a manga series of the same name.
Alterations made to the English version included altered sprites, English text and a different storyline. Because the game was not conceived as an Alex Kidd game in Japan, these alterations caused inconsistencies for the Alex Kidd storyline in the West, such as an appearance of Alex's father in the very beginning of the game, even though his father was missing in Alex Kidd in Miracle World, until being found at the end of Alex Kidd in the Enchanted Castle. Furthermore, while a large variety of characters exist in the game, none of the previously-established characters in the Alex Kidd-universe are anywhere to be found, nor do any of the characters in this game appear in any of the others in the series.
Alex also has a brother by the name of James in High-Tech World who is never mentioned in any other games in the series.
Plot
Alex Kidd is contacted by one of his friends, who tells him a new arcade, High Tech World, has opened in town. Alex has a map to its location, but it has been torn into eight pieces and is needed to find the arcade before it closes at 5:00 sharp. He solves puzzles, answers questions, runs errands and does housework to find the pieces. However, once he finds the pieces of the map, he learns that the front gates are shut, and thus is unable to leave. Using a hang-glider to leave the house he lands in the forest. On his way to the arcade, a clan of ninjas appear, who attempt to attack him. Upon fighting through the forest of ninjas, Alex finally makes it to the Arcade.
Gameplay
The object of the game is to get through four stages. Half the stages contain puzzles to progress and people to talk to, while the other two are linear levels with enemies along the way. There are a variety of ways to fail in the puzzle stages when Alex has some sort of accident or does something he should not.
Reception
The game received mixed reviews. Computer and Video Games said the fun "graphics, sound and gameplay conspire together to make an addictive game" but it was not "quite as good as" Miracle World. Four reviewers of Electronic Gaming Monthly gave the game an overall score of 26 out of 40. Mean Machines Sega rated the game 76%, praising the good graphics and sound, while stating that it did not offer anything better than the original. Defunct Games rated it "F", describing the gameplay as "busywork" and akin to "a bunch of school tests". |
Introduction
Joseph Michael Orsulak is an American former Major League Baseball player whose career spanned from 1983 to 1997, with the Pittsburgh Pirates, Baltimore Orioles, New York Mets, Florida Marlins, and Montreal Expos. Orsulak, who threw and batted left-handed, played mostly in the outfield, although he played some games at first base. On the basepaths, he had better than average speed, until a 1987 knee injury slowed him down. He was traded from the Pirates to the Orioles for Rico Rossy and minor-league shortstop Terry Crowley, Jr. on November 6, 1987. He led the league in outfield assists, in 1991. In 1992, he made the first out at the Orioles' new Camden Yards ballpark, going on to lead the team that year in batting average. He elected to become a free agent on October 28, 1992, after five seasons with the Orioles. Despite his relatively long career (with five major league clubs), he never played in the post-season in the Majors.
Orsulak played winter ball for three consecutive years with Navegantes del Magallanes in the LVBP (Venezuelan Winter League), starting with the 1983 season, during which he met his future wife, Adriana Venditti. They married during the 1988 All-Star break and had two children, Joseph and Michael. After a long struggle with brain cancer, Adriana died in 2004.
Orsulak grew up in Parsippany–Troy Hills, New Jersey, where he graduated from Parsippany Hills High School. He turned down a full scholarship to Seton Hall University in order to sign with the Pirates. |
Introduction
Cheo Hurtado is a Venezuelan musician, one of the most celebrated virtuoso performers of the cuatro, whose extremely agile strumming technique is currently believed to be unsurpassed. He also plays mandolin, bandola and guitar.
Cheo Hurtado was born in Ciudad Bolívar, Bolívar state, Venezuela, the son of the guitarist and composer Ramón Hurtado. He was christened Asdrúbal, but the nickname "Cheo" took hold firmly since early childhood.
Besides his native Venezuela, Hurtado has performed in Colombia, Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Ecuador, Bonaire, Aruba, Curaçao, Martinique, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Taiwan, Japan, France, Spain, England, Germany, Netherlands, and Switzerland. Between October and November 2005, Hurtado staged 21 concerts in Japan and Taiwan, showcasing the best of Venezuelan traditional music featuring the cuatro. To date, he has recorded on at least 20 albums. |
Introduction
Bumper Crop is a collection of short stories by Joe R. Lansdale published in 2004 by Golden Gryphon Press. In his introduction, he cites it as the companion piece to High Cotton, because he had so many stories which didn't quite fit in with the "Best of" but were more like "personal favorites." Initially issued as a hardcover, it has been reissued as a trade paperback.
In his introduction, Lansdale explains that the term bumper crop refers to a harvest which is so plentiful that it exceeds all expectations; the excess harvest is the "bumper crop."
Stories collected
Title
Originally published in
Forward: The Remains of My Days ...
God of the Razor
Grue #5, 1987
The Dump
Twilight Zone Magazine, July 1981
Fish Night
Specter! ed. Bill Pronzini (1982)
Chompers
Twilight Zone Magazine, July 1982
The Fat Man
The Horror Show, January 1987
On a Dark October
The Horror Show, Spring 1984
The Shaggy House
The Horror Show, Fall 1986
The Man Who Dreamed
The Horror Show, Fall 1984
Walks
Cemetery Dance, Fall 1997
Last of the Hopeful
The Good, The Bad, and the Indifferent (1997)
Duck Hunt
After Midnight, ed. Charles L. Grant (1986)
Down by the Sea Near the Great Big Rock
Masques #1, ed. J. N. Williamson (1984)
I Tell You It's Love
Modern Stories
Pilots co-authored with Dan Lowry
Stalkers, ed. Gorman & Greenberg (1989)
In the Cold, Dark Time
Dark Harvest Summer/Fall Preview: 1990
Bar Talk
New Blood #7 (1990)
Listen
Twilight Zone Magazine, May/June 1983
Personality Problem
Twilight Zone Magazine, January/February 1983
A Change of Lifestyle co-authored with Karen Lansdale
Twilight Zone Magazine, November/December 1984
The Companion co-authored with Keith and Kasey Joe Lansdale
Great Writers & Kids Write Spooky Stories, ed. Greenberg, Morgan & Weinberg (1995)
Old Charlie
The Saint Magazine, August 1984
Billie Sue
A Fistfull of Stories (1996)
Bestsellers Guaranteed
Espionage Magazine, May 1985
Fire Dog
The Silver Gryphon, ed. Gary Turner & Marty Halpern (2003)
Cowboy
The Good, The Bad, and the Indifferent (1997)
Master of Misery
Warriors of Blood and Dream, ed. Roger Zelazny & Greenberg (1995) |
Introduction
Gimm-Young Publishers, Inc. is a South Korean publishing company headquartered in Seoul. It was established in 1979. Over the years it has published a number of best-selling original works, including the manhwa series The warrior who did not fall from his horse. It is also responsible for the Korean-language translations of a number of major foreign works, including Samuel P. Huntington's Clash of Civilizations, Michael J. Sandel's Justice: What's the Right Thing to Do?, and Richard Dawkins' The God Delusion. The company publishes approximately 250 books every year and has published over 3,000 books to date.
In 1994, Gimm-Young started its hit 'edutainment' (entertainment-education) publications which have provided children, young adults, and adults with educational resources of a new concept. The Ah! Series is an example of one of its more popular 'edutainment' titles.
In 2007, it faced controversy after the Simon Wiesenthal Center made accusations that Distant Countries and Neighbouring Countries, a comic book series published by the company, contained anti-Semitic statements. Korean American community leaders organized protests of the company, and series author Rhie Won-bok sent a letter of apology to the Korean American Coalition in Los Angeles. CEO Park Eun-Ju apologized on behalf of the company and offered to withdraw anti-semitic images and accusations from future printings of this publication.
Park has received numerous awards over the years including an award from the South Korean Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism in 1993, the Korea Publishers Society's Publisher of the Year Award in 2004, and a Korean Publishing Science Society award in 2013. As of 2013, she holds the position of President of The Korea Publishers Society. |
Introduction
Söderbloms Gjuteri & Mekaniska Verkstad was founded in 1877 in Eskilstuna, Sweden.
The company started manufacturing engines in 1900 with a 1.5 HP air-cooled engine for motorcycles. In 1901, the company started manufacturing automobiles under the leadership of CEO Knut Söderblom and head of sales Oskar Aspeling. The company also hired a German engineer, Bruno Büchner, as head of design. The company primarily built trucks, but also produced two car models, a postal vehicle, and several draisines. |
Introduction
The blue antimora, also known as the flat-nose codling, blue hake, long-finned cod or violet cod, is a benthopelagic species of morid cod of the genus Antimora, found in seas around the world on the continental shelf except the north Pacific. This bluish-black species may be found at depths of between 350 and 3,000 m(1,148 to 9.843 ft), but it is commonly found at depths of 800-1800m. Its length is between 40 and 75 cm (15.7 to 29.5 inches). It is of minor importance to commercial fisheries. |
Introduction
Thaddeus Joseph Dulski was an American congressman who represented the state of New York from 1959 to 1974.
Biography
Dulski was born in Buffalo, New York, USA on September 27, 1915. He graduated from Buffalo's Technical High School, and studied at Canisius College and the University at Buffalo.
Career
He worked as a tax consultant and accountant, and served in the United States Navy during World War II.
From 1940 to 1947 he worked for the Bureau of Internal Revenue and the Office of Price Stabilization. He was elected to the Buffalo City Council representing the Walden District for two terms starting in 1953, and was elected councilman at large in 1957.
Tenure in Congress
He served in the House of Representatives as a Democrat from 1959 until he resigned on December 31, 1974. During his House tenure, he served as a member of the Post Office and Civil Service Committee, of which he was chairman from 1967 until his resignation from Congress. His Congressional career included helping craft legislation to change the federal Post Office Department into the U.S. Postal Service.
Later career and death
After leaving Congress, Dulski was a special assistant to Governor Hugh Carey, with whom he had served in the U.S. House.
He retired in 1983 and died of leukemia in Buffalo on October 11, 1988. He funeral took place at Queen of Peace Catholic Church in Buffalo, and he was buried at Mount Calvary Cemetery in Cheektowaga, New York.
Family
Dulski was married to Elizabeth "Betty" (Wozniak) Dulski (1915-2001). They were the parents of five children: Suzanne; Christine; Diane; Anthony; and Leon.
Legacy
The Thaddeus J. Dulski Building was a federal office building in Buffalo. It was vacated by the government in 2005, and later redeveloped as The Avant. |
Introduction
Nathan Orr Hatch is an American academic administrator. He most recently served as the President of Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, having been officially installed on October 20, 2005. Before coming to Wake Forest, Hatch was a professor and later dean and provost at the University of Notre Dame. Prior to his career in academic administration, he was a historian who was a leading scholar on issues related to the history of religion in the United States.
Biography
Born and raised in Columbia, South Carolina, Hatch graduated summa cum laude from Wheaton College (1968) in Illinois and earned his master's and doctoral degrees from Washington University in St. Louis. He has held postdoctoral fellowships at Harvard and Johns Hopkins universities and has been awarded research grants by the NEH, the American Council of Learned Societies, and the American Antiquarian Society.
He served as associate dean of University of Notre Dame's College of Arts and Letters, its largest college, from 1983 to 1988, and from 1988 to 1989 was the college's acting dean. During that time he founded and directed the Institute of Scholarship in the Liberal Arts (ISLA), which fostered a sixfold increase in external funding of faculty in the humanities and social sciences and assisted Notre Dame faculty members in winning 21 National Endowment for the Humanities fellowships from 1985 to 1991. In 1999 Hatch was appointed the Andrew V. Tackes Professor of History at Notre Dame.
In 1989 Hatch was appointed Notre Dame's vice president for graduate studies and research. In 1996, he became the university's provost, the third person to hold the position since its establishment in 1970. As provost he was Notre Dame's second-ranking academic officer and, under the direction of the president, exercised overall responsibility for the academic enterprise. He held this office until 2005, at which time he became president of Wake Forest University.
Hatch is regularly cited as one of the most influential scholars in the study of the history of religion in America. His book The Democratization of American Christianity, published by Yale University Press in 1989, garnered three awards, including the 1989 Albert Outler Prize in Ecumenical Church History and the 1990 John Hope Franklin Prize as the best book in American studies. Professor Gordon Wood of Brown University called it "the best book on religion in the early Republic that has ever been written"; it was also chosen in a survey of 2,000 historians and sociologists as one of the two most important books in the study of American religion.
Earlier Hatch had published The Sacred Cause of Liberty: Republican Thought and the Millennium in Revolutionary New England, also with Yale University Press, and with historians George Marsden and Mark Noll co-authored the 1983 volume The Search for Christian America. He has co-edited two books with (Oxford University Press), The Bible in America and Jonathan Edwards and the American Experience. In 2001 he co-edited Methodism and the Shaping of American Culture with John Wigger. He has also edited a volume with the University of Notre Dame Press, The Professions in American History 1988. In 1982, along with Mark Noll, he co-founded the Institute for the Study of American Evangelicals (ISAE) at his undergraduate alma mater, Wheaton College. In 1990, Hatch secured funding from the Pew Charitable Trusts to establish the Evangelical Scholarship Initiative at Notre Dame which provided grants for senior evangelical scholars, sabbatical funding, and scholarships for evangelical graduate students across a wide swath of disciplines. In 1993 he served as president of the American Society of Church History.
At Wake Forest, students often refer to him as "Natty O." Hatch's middle name is "Orr." |
Introduction
Disney Channel is a children's television channel owned and operated by The Walt Disney Company Limited.
History
On 28 February 2003, almost 80 years since the founding of The Walt Disney Company and almost 20 years since the launch of the original Disney Channel in the United States, the Disney Channel was launched, and was then at the time exclusive to the Viasat satellite platform (Sirius 4).
Later that year, it became available on digital cable networks, such as the Swedish Com Hem. Once the channel was originally launched, the only programs aired were animated, many of which were not Disney Channel Original Series (as they are called in the U.S.). The first live-action series aired on Disney Channel was Smart Guy, which debuted in 2005.
In 2003, the channel also applied for a license to broadcast in the Swedish digital terrestrial television network. The Disney Channel was among the channels recommended by the Swedish Radio and TV Authority, and the government granted the Disney Channel a broadcasting license on 29 January 2004. The terrestrial transmissions could start on 15 February via the Boxer TV Access platform. Soon after that, the channel celebrated its first anniversary by dropping encryption for one weekend. On 1 August 2005, the channel became available to subscribers of the Canal Digital (Thor 2) satellite platform. Simultaneously, a sister channel called Toon Disney was launched. A third sister channel, Playhouse Disney, was launched on 1 October 2006.
In the fall of 2009, the channel started broadcasting its first original productions. Among these are a sitcom called Når klokkerne ringer, produced by the Danish production company Nobody, and the music competition My Camp Rock, produced by Titan Television.
In January 2012, Disney Channel Scandinavia got the same on-air logo and graphics as the UK version of Disney Channel at the time. Later in May 2012, the channel updated to 16:9 (widescreen).
Since 1 August 2012, the channel has been airing advertisements between the shows. In the fall of 2012, the Disney Channels in Sweden, Norway and Denmark split feeds during the commercial breaks so it would be easier to air local advertisements; however, the promos and schedule are the same in the Nordic countries.
In 12 October 2012, a Russian audio track was added.
In October 2013, Disney Channel Scandinavia introduced its own locally produced mini-series, Violetta: The Scoop, in which they catch up with Violetta, show sneak peeks, and talk about "secrets" from the show.
On 29 May 2014, Disney Channel Scandinavia began using new on-air graphics and a new logo, both created by BDA Creative. The new logo was first introduced on the German Disney Channel in January 2014 when it went free-to-air and later on 23 May in the U.S.
On 28 February 2023, Disney Channel ceased broadcasting on Allente, along with the Russian-language audio track. However, it remains in other providers. The same day, the feed ceased broadcasting in the Baltics (Since the addition of the Baltic satellite service Viasat in 2003) and was replaced by the EMEA feed of Disney Channel, in April 3 as Home3, satellite service.
Programming
The channel is mainly aimed at children, broadcasting Disney television series 24 hours daily. Disney feature films are also an important part of the channel's programming. All of the programs are dubbed into local languages. Since autumn 2012, Disney Channel broadcast with different video streams between the countries with its audio stream, but schedule is still the same. Many syndicated programs have been aired on Disney Channel, such as The Fairly OddParents and Scaredy Squirrel.
Other channels and services
Disney Junior
Disney Junior is a channel aimed at preschoolers which was launched in October 2006 on the Canal Digital and Viasat satellite operators as Playhouse Disney. Later on, the channel was launched on cable operators. On Com Hem, the largest cable operator in Sweden, the channel was launched on 2 April 2007. On 10 September 2011, Playhouse Disney was rebranded as Disney Junior.
Disney XD (closed)
Disney XD was a male-skewed children's channel which broadcasts 16 hours a day between 6:00 AM CET and 10:00 PM CET. It replaced Jetix and Toon Disney on 12 September 2009. Jetix used to end its daily broadcasts at 6:00 PM. Disney XD is funded by advertising, as was Jetix, while Toon Disney was commercial-free. It closed down on 31 December 2020. |
Introduction
Master with Cracked Fingers, also released as Snake Fist Fighter, is a 1979 Hong Kong martial arts film directed by Mu Chu and starring Jackie Chan. It is often cited as being produced in 1971, 1973, 1974 or 1981. The original footage was filmed in 1971 and released in 1973 as Little Tiger of Canton. The re-edited version entitled Master with Cracked Fingers was not actually released until 1979.
Synopsis
The film has a similar theme to Drunken Master. The dynamic and undisciplined Jackie (Jackie Chan) undergoes the tutelage of a nomadic master who has a rigorous training style focusing upon the hardening of the fist.
Jackie has been intrigued by kung fu since always, but he cannot afford to pay for lessons. He later meets a beggar, "The Man Who Isn't There", who offers to teach him the secrets of fighting. After years of training under his sifu, his skills advance, but his father forbids him to practice. After a series of fights with a local gang of extortionists, and progressively more severe punishments from his father, he fends off the gang once more. In retribution, the gang burn down his house, killing Jackie's father. To avenge his father's death, Jackie agrees to a blindfolded fight against the gang leader, (Kwan Yung-moon).
Cast
Original footage
Cast
Role
Jackie Chan
Lung/Jackie (as Chan Yuan Lung / Cheng Lung)
Chan Hung Lit
Chow Bin
Tien Feng
Lung's father
Hon Kwok Choi
Pickpocket (Little Frog)
Yuen Biao
Extra
New footage
Cast
Role
Yuen Siu Tien
Old Master (as Hsao Ten Juan)
Dean Shek
Landlord (as Shih Tien)
Kwan Ying Moon
Big Boss (as Yung Man Kuen)
Production
The film was concocted using footage from other films, primarily from a little-seen independent 1973 film entitled Little Tiger of Canton which featured a teenage Chan in one of his earliest roles. After Chan had become famous through films like Snake in the Eagle's Shadow and Drunken Master in the late 1970s, the footage was re-edited. Additional material from the Drunken Master era and new footage of Dean Shek and Yuen Siu Tien (in another appearance of his beggar character), was tacked on. A rather obvious Jackie Chan double was also hired and fought blind-folded in an attempt to hide the doubling from the viewers. Jackie Chan and Fu Yai Se were martial arts directors on the film.
Release
Dick Randall took the amalgamated footage and employed actors to dub it into English, titling it Master with Cracked Fingers. Randall later sold the rights to 21st Century Distribution, who gave the film a limited release in American cinemas in 1981 under the alternative title Snake Fist Fighter.
As Chan became more popular in the West, particularly after the US release of Rumble in the Bronx, the rights to release the film on VHS were passed or shared between a number of different film distributors.
VHS
In the US, it was released as Master with Cracked Fingers by Xenon (1996), and Woodhaven Entertainment (1999). Madacy released the film with the slightly different title Master with Cracked Finger in 1996, and later in a twin video pack along with Fantasy Mission Force. As Snake Fist Fighter, the film was given two releases through Simitar Entertainment (1997), one in a twin video pack with New Fist of Fury. In the UK, it was released as Master with Cracked Fingers by Mia Video Entertainment (1998). It was also sold by Imperial Entertainment UK, in a triple video pack, along with City Hunter and Island of Fire.
DVD
All US DVD releases to date have had the title Master with Cracked Fingers. These began with a release from Woodhaven Entertainment in 2000. Others include Xenon (2002), Beverly Wilshire (2002), Unicorn Video (2003) and Miracle Pictures (2005). Madacy gave the film several releases (now as ...Fingers plural) including a twin DVD pack along with Fantasy Mission Force, and a triple pack DVD, which including both plus Rumble in Hong Kong. They re-released it on its own in 2001. East West Entertainment released it in a twin DVD pack, along with The Young Master. Good Times Video released it in a twin DVD pack, along with the documentary film Fist of Fear, Touch of Death. Unlike the other releases, Videoasia's 2004 DVD was a double-sided disc, with the US dubbed copy on one side, and the original Cantonese audio copy on the other. In the UK, it was released by Prism Leisure, alone (2002) and in at least two different four-film boxsets (2004). In 2007, the UK company Film 2000 released the film with the title Snake Fist Fighter.
Further companies also held the rights long enough to produce limited releases of the film on VHS and DVD and, as with those noted above, all were the English-dubbed 80 minute assembled version of the film.
Little Tiger of Canton
The original film, Little Tiger of Canton was finally given a DVD release in the west in 2007, under the title The Cub Tiger from Kwang Tung. It was released in the UK (region 2) on Showbox Home Entertainment's Rarescope label. This 85 minute film is in its un-tampered form, contains the original language and English subtitles. Due to the poor quality of the print, some of the subtitles are chopped from the foot of the screen, so the DVD contains an additional set of subtitles which appear whenever the originals are cropped or missing.
Box office
The film received 1981 theatrical releases in France and Germany, selling 236,677 in France and 66,932 tickets in Germany, for a combined ticket sales in Europe. |
Introduction
Adimchinobe Echemandu is a former Nigerian-American running back of American football. He was drafted by the Cleveland Browns in the seventh round of the 2004 NFL Draft. He played college football at California.
Early years
He played football at Hawthorne High School in Hawthorne, California. He ran for 608 yards and 6 touchdowns as a junior, and in track, he had a best of 21.35 in the 200 meters, 10.40 in the 100 meters, and 47.55 in the 400. As a senior, he ran for 1,525 yards on 165 carries sporting a 9.2 average and 27 touchdowns. He also returned two kickoffs for touchdowns, and was named his conference's back of the year in 1998. As a defensive player, he had 42 tackles and an interception as a senior. He was also a member of the Super Prep All-Far West team as the No. 60 overall prospect and the Prep Star All-America team as the No. 10 running back prospect in the West.
College career
A member of an Ibo family from Nigeria, he played for a time under the simplified name Joe Echema until deciding to revert to his Ibo name. Echemandu returned to the gridiron with a flourish in 2003 after spending the previous two years on the sidelines partially due to a knee injury. He saw his banner final campaign end on a sour note after it was discovered that he fractured his fibula late in the year. A two-sport star, he also excelled in track for the Golden Bears. He was a versatile athlete who was recruited as a tailback, but moved to wide receiver midway through his freshman season when injuries depleted their unit, then shifted back to tailback the following year. He sat out the 2002 season to recover from a torn anterior cruciate ligament in his right knee, and finished his career with 306 carries for 1,434 yards and 16 touchdowns. As well as 33 receptions for 264 yards and a pair of scores, 22 kickoff returns for 5,016 yards and two punt returns for 5 yards while starting 19 of 33 games.
Professional career
Cleveland Browns
He was selected with pick No. 208 by the Cleveland Browns in the seventh round of the 2004 NFL Draft. In his time spent with the Browns, he carried the ball just 8 times for 25 yards, and caught the ball 3 times for 25 yards.
Minnesota Vikings
On September 2, 2005, he was signed by the Minnesota Vikings and spent time on the practice squad for most of the season.
Oakland Raiders
On September 5, 2006, he was signed to the practice squad of the Oakland Raiders. The best action he had was only in preseason of the 2007 season.
Houston Texans
On October 10, 2007, he was signed to the Houston Texans' practice squad after being released by the Raiders. In an October 28 game against the San Diego Chargers, he rushed for 62 yards on 10 carries and caught two passes for 11 yards. He finished his 2007 season with 20 attempts for 85 yards, 2 receptions for 11 yards and 1 fumble. He only fumbled 2 times in his career.
Echemandu was released by the Texans on December 26, 2007.
Oakland Raiders (second stint)
In 2008, he signed with the Oakland Raiders again, only to be released on August 30.
Personal life and later life
Echemandu received his master's degree in Education in May, 2017 at the University of California, Berkeley. He is the son of Charity and Joe Echema Sr., as well as the cousin of former California and former Oakland Raiders cornerback Nnamdi Asomugha.
Following football, he reverted to the name Joe Echema and became a firefighter with the Redwood City, California fire department in 2012. In 2020, he sued the city for racial discrimination, alleging racial harassment and inappropriate comments and jokes for being an African immigrant, and stated he slept in his car rather than at the firehouse at times due to colleagues' remarks. |
Introduction
Fearless Hyena Part II is a 1983 Hong Kong martial arts action film directed by Chan Chuen, and starring Jackie Chan. It was the sequel to the first part The Fearless Hyena.
Background
When film producer Willie Chan left the Lo Wei Motion Picture Company to join Golden Harvest, he advised Jackie Chan to decide for himself whether or not to stay with Lo Wei. Chan began work on the film, but then broke his contract and joined Golden Harvest. This prompted Lo to blackmail him with triads, and to blame Willie Chan for his star's departure. The dispute was resolved with the help of fellow actor and director Jimmy Wang Yu, allowing Chan to stay with Golden Harvest.
In order to complete the film, Lo hired stunt doubles to take Chan's place in the remainder of the film, and used alternative takes and reused footage from the first film. Chan mentions that the end product of the film was so bad that he even tried to stop it from being released by going to court, but Lo released the film regardless.
Plot
Two cousins, Cheng Lung (Jackie Chan) and Tung (Austin Wai), get together to avenge the death of their fathers, who were killed by two rivals.
Cast
*Jackie Chan as Cheng Lung (also archive footage)
Dean Shek as Shek Earth / Jaws Four
Yam Sai-koon as Heaven Devil (Heaven and Earth Society Leader)
Kwan Yung-moon as Earth Devil
James Tien - Ching Chun-nam / Old Chan
Chan Wai-lau as Ching Chun-pei
Austin Wai as Tung
Jacky Chang as Cheng Lung (doubling for Jackie Chan)
Box office
The film grossed HK$1,983,793 at the Hong Kong box office. In France, the film sold 59,789 tickets in 1986. |
Introduction
The Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation is a bureau within the United States Department of State responsible for managing a broad range of nonproliferation and counterproliferation functions. The bureau leads U.S. efforts to prevent the spread of weapons of mass destruction (nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons) and their delivery systems.
It was created on September 13, 2005 when the Bureau of Arms Control and the Bureau of Nonproliferation were merged. Stephen G. Rademaker was the first the Acting Assistant Secretary of State for International Security and Nonproliferation. He had been the Assistant Secretary for the Bureau of Arms Control, and in February 2005 he was named the head of the Bureau for Nonproliferation pending the two bureaus' merger.
The Bureau's role within the Department of State is to spearhead efforts to promote international consensus on WMD proliferation through bilateral and multilateral diplomacy, and to address WMD proliferation threats posed by non-state actors and terrorist groups by improving physical security, using interdiction and sanctions, and actively participating in the Proliferation Security Initiative.
It also coordinates the implementation of international treaties and arrangements. It seeks to work with international organizations such as the United Nations, the G7, NATO, and the International Atomic Energy Agency to reduce and eliminate threats posed by weapons of mass destruction, and to support foreign partners in their efforts.
During its time as an independent Bureau, the Bureau of Arms Control led efforts to negotiate new arms control agreements, such as the May 2002 Moscow Treaty on strategic offensive reductions, as well as ongoing efforts in the Geneva Conference on Disarmament (CD). It also had responsibilities of implementing existing agreements such as the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty, START I, the Chemical Weapons Convention, the Moscow Treaty, the Biological Weapons Convention.
It held the lead for negotiations and policy development of the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe, the Treaty on Open Skies, arms control elements of the Dayton peace accords, and other European conventional arms control issues. In early 2004, the office responsible for the Confidence and Security-Building Measures in the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe had been moved from the Bureau of Political-Military Affairs to the Bureau of Arms Control.
Organization
In addition to the Assistant Secretary, the bureau is overseen by four Deputy Assistant Secretaries, who supervise thirteen unique offices.
Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for International Security and Nonproliferation
Office of Congressional and Public Affairs
Office of Critical Technology Protection
Office of Policy Coordination
Deputy Assistant Secretary for Nonproliferation Policy
Biological Policy Staff
Office of Multilateral Nuclear and Security Affairs
Office of Nuclear Energy, Safety, and Security
Deputy Assistant Secretary for International Security Policy
Office of Conventional Arms Threat Reduction
Office of Counterproliferation Initiatives
Office of Missile, Biological, and Chemical Nonproliferation
Deputy Assistant Secretary for International Security and Nonproliferation Programs
Office of Cooperative Threat Reduction
Office of Export Control Cooperation
Office of Nonproliferation and Disarmament Fund
Office of Weapons of Mass Destruction Terrorism
The bureau also includes the Special Representative for the Biological Weapons Convention and the U.S. Special Representative for Nuclear Nonproliferation. |
Introduction
Hilda Borko is an educational psychologist who researches teacher cognition and changes in novice and experienced teachers' knowledge and beliefs.Her research explores teachers’ instructional practices, the process of learning to teach, the impact of teacher professional development programs on teachers and students, and the preparation of professional development leaders. Her work has identified factors that affect teachers' learning of reform-based practices. She is chair of the educational psychology program area in the school of education at the University of Colorado, and is a former president of the American Educational Research Association. Her university education (PhD 1978, MA 1973, BA 1971) was completed at the University of California. |
Introduction
Séan Francis Gibbons was an Irish politician who sat as Cumann na nGaedheal Teachta Dála (TD) in the 1920s and as a Fianna Fáil TD in the 1930s. He later became a Senator, and was Cathaoirleach (chairperson) of the Seanad for five years.
Gibbons was elected to Dáil Éireann on his first attempt, as a Cumann na nGaedheal candidate in the Carlow–Kilkenny constituency at the 1923 general election. However, he was not an active participant in proceedings because his health was poor, requiring him to leave the country at one point.
He left Cumann na nGaedhael to join the National Party in March 1924, led by Joseph McGrath, in the aftermath of the Army Mutiny. He and eight other National Party TDs resigned their seats in the 4th Dáil on 30 October 1924, only 14 months after his election. The by-election was held on 11 March 1925 and won by Cumann na nGaedheal's Thomas Bolger.
Gibbons joined Fianna Fáil and stood for them as a candidate in Carlow–Kilkenny at the 1932 general election, winning one of his party's fifteen new seats in the 7th Dáil. He was returned at the 1933 general election, but after the constituency was divided under the Electoral (Revision of Constituencies) Act 1935, he lost his seat at the 1937 general election in the new Kilkenny constituency.
He then stood as a Fianna Fáil candidate for election to Seanad Éireann on the Agricultural Panel, winning a seat in the 2nd Seanad and becoming Cathaoirleach. He remained as Cathoirleach in the 3rd Seanad, holding the office until 1944, when he was re-elected to the 4th Seanad. He did not sit in the 5th Seanad but was re-elected by the Agricultural Panel to the 6th Seanad, sitting from 1948 to 1951.
He died on 19 April 1952, aged 68. Five years later, his nephew Jim Gibbons was elected as a Fianna Fáil TD in the restored Carlow–Kilkenny constituency, where Jim's son Martin Gibbons was a Progressive Democrat TD from 1987 to 1989. Another of Jim's sons, Jim Gibbons Jnr was a Progressive Democrat Senator. |
Introduction
Twinkle, Twinkle, Lucky Stars is a 1985 Hong Kong action comedy film starring and directed by Sammo Hung. The film co-stars Jackie Chan and Yuen Biao. It is the third installment in the Lucky Stars series, following Winners and Sinners and My Lucky Stars. Twinkle, Twinkle, Lucky Stars was released theatrically in Hong Kong on 15 August 1985.
Plot
The Five Lucky Stars, one of them being replaced by a younger brother, are assigned by the police to allow an actress to live with them. The actress has information on a crime syndicate and assassins are sent after her. Ricky and Swordflower are to stay at the actress’s home undercover to capture the assassins. Throughout the course of the movie, the Stars chase the attractive woman around the house, though their efforts are largely unsuccessful. At the climax, the three assassins eventually end up at a recreation building to take down Swordflower (mistaking her to be their target), but coincidentally Kidstuff and his friends are there and they recognize one of them, with help from the actress. Muscle and Ricky arrive in the nick of time and a showdown takes place, eventually ending with the protagonists victorious. The police and a large ensemble of Chinese actors arrive to congratulate them.
Cast
Release
Twinkle, Twinkle, Lucky Stars was released in Hong Kong on 15 August 1985, and was also released in the Philippines as Dragon Mission on 6 May 1987.
Box office
The film grossed HK $28,911,851 at the Hong Kong box office.
Home media
On 30 June 2003, DVD was released by Hong Kong Legends at the United Kingdom in Region 2. |
Introduction
Adapted live stage tours are theatrical or stadium productions, based on directly or indirectly on licensed properties.
Bear in the Big Blue House Live, VEE Corporation
Big Comfy Couch Live
Blue's Clues Live
Caillou Live
Care Bears Live, VEE Corporation
Clifford, the Big Red Dog
Dinosaurs Live!,
Dragon Tales Live, VEE Corporation
Jim Henson's Muppet Babies Live!, VEE Corporation
Max and Ruby Live
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers World Tour Live on Stage
Pokémon Live!
Rugrats: A Live Adventure
Sesame Street Live, VEE Corporation
Sesamstrasse
Zoobilee Zoo Live!
Not included on this list are stationary productions like Playhouse Disney: Live on Stage |
Introduction
Salem's Lot is a 2004 American two-part television miniseries which first aired on TNT on June 20 and ended its run on June 21, 2004. It is the second television adaptation of Stephen King's 1975 vampire novel Salem's Lot following the 1979 miniseries adaptation.
Although the novel and original miniseries were both set in the 1970s, this version updates the story to take place in the 2000s. The story is still set in a small Maine town, but the miniseries was actually shot on location at Creswick and Woodend, in Central Victoria, Australia.
Plot
Ben Mears attacks priest Donald Callahan in a homeless shelter in Detroit on Thanksgiving. As they corner each other in Callahan's office, the priest shoots Mears, who then shoves them both out a window onto the street (more specifically, onto a police car). In the hospital where he and Callahan are taken, Ben is asked by an orderly why, as a Christian himself, he shouldn't just let Ben die for attacking a priest. Ben then murmurs, "Jerusalem's Lot," and begins to tell his story.
On the day of February 6 two years ago, Ben, then a successful writer, returns to his hometown, Jerusalem's Lot (also known as "Salem's Lot" to the locals) in Maine, intending to write a novel. He tells Susan Norton, a waitress and former art student, that when he was a child he accepted a dare to enter the house of Hubie Marsten, a Prohibition-era gangster. Local legend said that Marsten murdered children. Ben overheard Marsten begging for his life before seemingly committing suicide. Ben believes he heard Marsten's last victim crying for help, but Ben was too afraid to find or help him. Eventually, his aunt found him. Ben plans to rent the house to bring catharsis to himself and gather material for his novel, but discovers it has been sold by Larry Crockett to antique dealers Richard Straker and Kurt Barlow.
Despite the picture perfect façade of the small town, Salem's Lot is rife with dark secrets: Crockett is an immoral businessman who sexually abuses his teenage daughter Ruth. When Ruth spends time with a disabled garbageman named Dud Rodgers, Crockett gets him fired. Eva Prunier, proprietor of the boarding house where Ben stays, played evil games with Marsten when she and her peers were teenagers. Charlie Rhodes, cruelty-obsessed Vietnam veteran and school bus driver, torments the children he transports. Trailer park residents Roy and Sandy McDougall physically abuse their baby, blackmailing Dr. Jimmy Cody after he has an affair with Sandy.
Following Straker and Barlow's arrival, local child Ralphie Glick is murdered and his body is never found. His brother Danny sickens and dies after being visited by Ralphie, who has become a vampire. Barlow meets Dud Rodgers, offering him a chance to be free of his physical disability, which he accepts, becoming a vampire. Laborer Mike Ryerson buries Danny after his funeral, then also sickens and dies. He returns from the grave as a vampire to tempt gay high school teacher Matt Burke, who repels him but suffers a heart attack. Ben's blossoming relationship with Susan causes jealousy with her old boyfriend Floyd Tibbits. Floyd is bitten by Dud and slowly becomes a vampire. After starting a fight with Ben, Floyd and Ben spend the night in jail, and Floyd uses his vampire powers to crawl through the ventilation shaft to taunt Ben. Ben refuses to allow him to enter his cell, and Floyd is found dead in his own cell the following morning, having chewed open his wrists in an attempt to drink his own blood.
Susan and schoolboy Mark Petrie are captured by Straker when they break into the Marsten house. Mark escapes, but Susan is taken to the cellar to meet Barlow. Ben, Mark, Callahan and Cody begin acting as vampire hunters. In the Marsten house, they find Straker's body hanging from the rafters, having been drained of blood by Barlow. They begin destroying the sleeping vampires in the cellar, but Ben discovers Susan has been turned. Instead of destroying her, Ben intends to find and destroy Barlow, hopeful Susan might be restored upon his destruction.
After Barlow kills Mark's mother, Callahan tries saving Mark by confronting Barlow, but finds his religious faith is not strong enough. Callahan is forced to drink Barlow's blood, corrupting Callahan and turning him into Barlow's servant. Larry sees Ruth join Dud in the night, and despite his wish to be with her, is consumed by the vampires. The town's ranking police officer, Sheriff Parkins Gillespie, discovers what is going on in Salem's Lot and decides to leave.
In the hospital, Burke is murdered by Callahan. Ben, Jimmy and Mark realize Barlow is hiding at Eva's boarding house, but as they arrive there, Jimmy is killed by a booby trap. Ben and Mark destroy Barlow, but not before he taunts Ben, likening Ben to himself as another parasite who preys on the tragedies of others. Destroying Barlow has not saved Susan, who arrives at the house. Susan tells Ben that the boy he failed to rescue was already dead; Ben was never to blame. When Susan turns to attack Mark, Ben destroys her. Ben and Mark set the Marsten House alight, and during a chase with Charlie, who was vampirized by the town's children, a gas station is damaged and explodes. As fires spread through the town, Callahan vows revenge against Ben while the town's remaining vampirized population flock to him.
As Ben concludes his story, the orderly realizes Ben was not acting alone. The orderly finds Callahan dead, suffocated with a pillow by Mark. Mark slips into Ben's room and tells him the vampire hunt is over. Ben suffers a cardiac arrest. The orderly finds Mark at a locked exit to the hospital and tells Mark he can't believe the story, but lets him go, indicating he may be struggling with actually believing it. Doctors battle to keep Ben alive as he begins passing away, finally at peace.
Cast
Main cast
Supporting cast
Production
In his memoir, Love Life, Rob Lowe stated that Rutger Hauer showed up on set and did not know his lines. Lowe said, "I once starred in a big miniseries that culminated with the villain giving a two-page monologue trying to goad me into killing him. The actor playing the bad guy wanted to ad lib his own version of the movie-ending speech. Although he was playing a vampire, he went into a soliloquy about being a cowboy. The director was not impressed. After a very tense negotiation, the actor was forced to shit-can his self-penned opus and stick to the original script. There was only one problem: He hadn't bothered to learn it." Lowe went on to state that cue cards were placed next to his head and Hauer read the lines to him.
Reception
Critical response
Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gives the miniseries a 68% approval rating based on 25 reviews, with an average rating of 5.6/10. The website's critics consensus reads, "Salem's Lot is a bit anemic due to a dearth of proper scares, but its effectively creepy atmosphere and solid performances make for a respectable adaptation of Stephen King's revered novel." On Metacritic, the miniseries has a score of 65 out of 100, based on 17 critics, indicating "Generally favorable reviews"
Accolades
Year
Award
Category
Nominee(s)
Result
2005
Primetime Emmy Awards
Outstanding Music Composition for a Limited or Anthology Series, Movie or Special
Christopher Gordon and Lisa Gerrard
2005
Saturn Awards
Best Television Presentation
Jeffrey M. Hayes, Brett Popplewell, Marc van Buuren and Mark Wolper
Best Supporting Actress on Television
Samantha Mathis
2005
American Society of Cinematographers
Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in Motion Picture, Limited Series, or Pilot Made for Television
Ben Nott
2005
Australian Cinematographers Society
Cinematographer of the Year
Gold Tripod
International Film Music Critics Association
Best Original Score for Television
Christopher Gordon and Lisa Gerrard
Screen Music Awards
Best Soundtrack Album
Best Music for a Mini-Series or Telemovie
2005
Young Artist Award
Best Performance in a TV Movie, Miniseries or Special - Leading Young Actor
Dan Byrd |
Introduction
Slava was a pre-dreadnought battleship of the Imperial Russian Navy, the last of the five s. Completed too late to participate in the Battle of Tsushima during the Russo-Japanese War, she survived while all of her sister ships were either sunk during the battle or surrendered to the Imperial Japanese Navy.
Serving in the Baltic Sea during World War I, Slava was the largest ship of the Russian Gulf of Riga Squadron that fought the German High Seas Fleet in the Battle of the Gulf of Riga in August 1915. She repeatedly bombarded German positions and troops for the rest of 1915 and during 1916. During the Battle of Moon Sound in 1917, Slava was badly damaged by the German dreadnought , significantly increasing her draft. The shallow channel made it impossible to escape and she was scuttled in the Moon Sound Strait between the island of Muhu (Moon) and the mainland. The Estonians scrapped her during the 1930s.
Description
Slava was long at the waterline and long overall, with a beam of and a draft of , more than designed. Her normal displacement was , almost more than her designed displacement of .
The ship was powered by two 4-cylinder vertical triple expansion steam engines, each driving one 4-bladed propeller, with twenty Belleville water-tube boilers providing steam to the engines at a pressure of . The engines and boilers were both built by the Baltic Works. The engines had a total designed output of , but they produced on trials and gave a top speed of . At full load she carried of coal that provided her a range of at a speed of . She had four steam-driven dynamos, each with a capacity of 150 kW, and two auxiliary generators with a capacity of 64 kW each.
Slavas 40-caliber 12-inch guns were mounted in two twin-gun turrets, one each fore and aft. They had a rate of fire of about one round per minute. Sixty rounds per gun were carried. The twelve 45-caliber guns were mounted in six electrically powered twin-gun turrets carried on the sides of the ship. They had a practical rate of fire of about three rounds per minute and were provided with 180 rounds per gun. Four of the twenty guns used against torpedo boats were mounted in casemates just below the forward main gun turret, two on each side. These guns were placed well above the waterline for use in any weather, unlike the remaining sixteen guns, which were mounted in casemates one deck lower and distributed over the length of the ship, close to the water. This was graphically demonstrated when Slavas sister ship made a high-speed turn during her trials, heeling 15°, and began taking water through the lower casemates. Each gun had 300 rounds available. All but four of her Hotchkiss guns were removed before she was completed and the remaining guns were used as saluting guns. She carried four torpedo tubes, one above water in the bow and one in the stern with two torpedoes each, and a submerged tube on each side forward with three torpedoes each. Two of these were removed before 1914, although it is not known which ones were retained.
Wartime modifications
She was reportedly fitted with two 47 mm anti-aircraft (AA) guns during the war, but carried only four AA guns in early 1917. Her light armament had been reduced to twelve 75 mm guns by that same date. While she was laid up over the winter of 1916 at Helsinki, the elevation of her main guns was increased to a maximum of 25° which increased their range to .
Service
Slava was built by the Baltic Works at Saint Petersburg. She was laid down on 1 November 1902, launched on 29 August 1903, and completed in October 1905, too late to participate in the Russo-Japanese War. Together with the battleship , she helped to suppress the Sveaborg Rebellion in 1906. Slava was assigned to a training squadron for new officers fresh from the Naval College that was formed after the Rebellion as part of the post-Tsushima naval reforms. On one of her training cruises to the Mediterranean, her crewmen rescued survivors during the 1908 Messina earthquake and the ship took casualties to Naples for medical care. She had a serious boiler accident in August 1910 and was towed by Tsesarevich to Gibraltar for temporary repairs before sailing to Toulon for repairs that required nearly a year to complete. Upon her return to Kronstadt she was relieved of her training assignment and transferred to the Baltic Fleet.
The Baltic Fleet only had four pre-dreadnoughts in service, as the Second Brigade of Battleships, when World War I began, although the four dreadnoughts of the were almost finished. After they were completed and could defend the mouth of the Gulf of Finland, Slava sailed through the Irbe Strait on 31 July 1915 to assist Russian forces defending the Gulf of Riga. More specifically she was to support the Imperial Russian Army with her guns and to defend the gulf against German naval forces.
Battle of the Gulf of Riga
Barely a week later, on 8 August, the Germans began to sweep the mines defending the Irbe Strait, and Slava, accompanied by the gunboats and , sortied to fire on the minesweepers. The German pre-dreadnoughts and attempted to drive the Russians off, but Slava remained in position despite sustaining splinter damage from near misses. She did not open fire, as her captain did not want to reveal the fact that she was out-ranged by the German battleships. The Germans were not prepared for the number of mines laid by the Russians and withdrew to reconsider their plans.
They tried again on 16 August, this time with the dreadnoughts and defending the minesweepers. Slava flooded her side compartments to give herself a 3° list which increased her maximum range to about . She did not engage the German battleships, but only fired on the minesweepers and any German ships such as the armored cruiser when they approached the other Russian ships. When the Germans returned the next day Slava was hit three times by shells in quick succession. The first hit penetrated her upper belt armor and exploded in a coal bunker; the second hit penetrated her upper deck, hit the supporting tube of the aft port side six-inch turret and started a fire in the ammunition hoist which caused the magazine to be flooded. The third shell passed through a pair of the ship's boats, but exploded in the water off to one side. These hits did not seriously damage Slava and she remained in place until ordered to retreat. The Germans entered the Gulf the next day, but they were forced to withdraw shortly afterward when the British submarine torpedoed the battlecruiser on 19 August and the Russian coastal artillery that still commanded the Irbe Strait made it very risky to enter the Gulf of Riga.
The German withdrawal allowed Slava, after repairs, to switch to her other task and support the army with gunfire. During one of these missions, as she was bombarding German positions near Tukums on 25 September 1915, she was hit in the conning tower while at anchor, killing her captain and five others. McLaughlin attributes the hit to German field artillery, but Nekrasov quotes German accounts that attribute it to a bomb dropped by one of a pair of German seaplanes. Slava remained in position and resumed her bombardment. She continued to support the Army until the water in the Gulf of Riga threatened to freeze over at which time she retired to the port of Kuivastu to winter over. While still in port she was hit by three light bombs dropped by a seaplane on 12 April 1916; these did little material damage, but killed seven sailors. On 2 July she resumed her support of the army with a bombardment of advancing German troops despite sustaining one hit by an shell on her waterline armor that caused no damage. She repeated these missions a number of times in July and August. These annoyed the Germans enough that they attempted to sink Slava with a coordinated ambush by the submarine and low-flying torpedo bombers as she responded to a feint by German cruisers on 12 September, but all their torpedoes missed. This was the first attack by torpedo bombers against a moving battleship.
Battle of Moon Sound
Slava was held back during the initial stages of the German landings (Operation Albion) on Saaremaa (Oesel) Island guarding the mouth of the Gulf of Riga in October 1917 to defend Kassar Wiek (Inlet), which separates the outer islands of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa (Dagö). She intermittently fired at German torpedo boats as they fought Russian light forces in Kassar Wiek on 15 and 16 October, but scored no hits from her position near Kesselaid (Schildau) Island in Moon Sound Strait. On the morning of 17 October the Germans attempted to sweep the Russian mines placed at the southern entrance to Moon Sound Strait. Slava, the pre-dreadnought and the armored cruiser were ordered south to meet them by Vice Admiral Mikhail Bakhirev, opening fire on the minesweepers at 8:05 a.m. The dreadnoughts and were to provide cover for the minesweepers, but Slava, sailing further south, opened fire on them at 8:12 at nearly her maximum range. Grazhdanin, whose turrets had not been modified for extra elevation, remained behind with Bayan and continued to engage the minesweepers. The German ships returned fire, but their shells fell short at a range of . Slava continued to fire on the Germans, but scored no hits, although some shells impacted only from König. The German ships were at a severe disadvantage as they were sailing in a narrow swept channel and could not maneuver, so they reversed course to get out of range.
The sinking Slava
The German minesweepers made good progress, despite minor damage from shell splinters and numerous near misses by Slava, Grazhdanin, Bayan, and the Russian shore batteries. During this period Slavas front turret became inoperable when a bronze rack and pinion gear bent so that the gear wheel could not be moved. Only eleven shots had been fired between the two guns in the turret before the breakdown. Slava and her consorts were ordered north to allow the crews to eat lunch, but returned to the fray and opened fire on the minesweepers again at 10:04 with her rear turret at an approximate range of . The minesweepers had cleared a channel to the north while the Russians were eating and the dreadnoughts took advantage of it to engage the Russian pre-dreadnoughts. König opened fire on Slava at 10:14 and hit her with three shells from her third salvo. The first hit Slavas bow, below the waterline, and exploded in the bow dynamo room, flooding that room, the forward 12-inch magazine and other bow compartments, while the second penetrated the capstan flat. The ship took on of water which gave her a list of 8°, later reduced to 4° by counter-flooding. This also increased her forward draft to about . The third shell hit the port side armor abreast the engine room, but failed to penetrate. Two more shells struck her at 10:24 in the superstructure near the forward funnel. They damaged a six-inch magazine and the forward stokehold (boiler room) and started a fire which was put out after about fifteen minutes. However, the forward left six-inch magazine was flooded as a precaution. At 10:39 two more shells hit her, killing three men in the boiler room and flooding a coal bunker. Around this time Slava and her compatriots were ordered to retire to the north while Bayan trailed behind to divert fire from the battleships.
Slavas draft had increased too much to allow her to use the dredged channel between Hiiumaa Island and Vormsi (Worms) Island so she was ordered to wait until all the other deep-draft ships had entered the channel and then scuttle herself at the channel entrance. However, the Sailors' Committee organized on the ship after the February Revolution had ordered the engine room abandoned for fear of sinking, and she grounded on a shoal southeast of the channel because there was no one to obey the captain's order to stop. A number of destroyers evacuated the crew before the rear 12-inch magazine exploded at 11:58. However this was not deemed sufficient and three destroyers were ordered to torpedo her. Only one of their six torpedoes worked and Slava settled on the shallow bottom with a hole on the starboard side near the funnel. She was officially struck off the navy list on 29 May 1918 by the Soviets and scrapped in 1935 by the Estonians. |
Introduction
Zemnick is a village and a former municipality in Wittenberg district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2011, it is part of the town Zahna-Elster. It belonged to the administrative municipality (Verwaltungsgemeinschaft) of Elbaue-Fläming.
Geography
Zemnick is a round village and lies about 19 km southeast of Lutherstadt Wittenberg.
Buildings
In 1888, the church was built with an organ by Conrad Geissler.
Economy and transportation
Federal Highway (Bundesstraße) B 187 between Wittenberg and Jessen is about 5 km to the south. |
Introduction
Kangal is a town and a district of Sivas Province in Turkey. The current mayor is Ahmet Kürşad Apaydın from the Great Unity Party (BBP). As Kaymakam was appointed Erinç Demir.
Demographics
The town is populated by Sunni Kurds and Sunni Turks. The district is also home to both Alevi Kurds and Alevi Turks.
Notable people
*Hüseyin Alp (1935–1983) basketball player and actor |
Introduction
The Wyndham Championship is a professional golf tournament in North Carolina on the PGA Tour. It is played annually in Greensboro and was originally the Greater Greensboro Open.
History
Founded in 1938 as the Greater Greensboro Open, it was usually played in April or May, until a schedule change in 2003 moved it toward the end of the season. At the age of 52, Sam Snead set PGA Tour records in 1965 for his eighth win at an event and as the oldest winner of a tournament; both records still stand. He won his 8th title 27 years after his first win in 1938. Davis Love III, the 2015 champion at age 51, is the oldest to win in the senior tour era, which began in 1980.
Charlie Sifford competed in 1961, and became the first African American permitted to play in a PGA-sponsored event in the South. He led after the first round, and tied for fourth.
In 2007, the event was renamed the Wyndham Championship when Wyndham Hotels & Resorts took over from DaimlerChrysler as title sponsor, and dropped "Greensboro" from the title. It moved from an autumn date to mid-August and is the last PGA Tour event before the FedEx Cup Playoffs, as one last chance to qualify for the FedEx Cup and retain their tour privileges if not already exempt.
The purse for 2015 was $5.4 million, with a winner's share of $972,000.
On August 16, 2018, during the first round, Brandt Snedeker shot a 59. It was the tenth sub-60 round in the history of the PGA Tour, and just the third with a bogey. Snedeker shot a 27 on the inward nine, burying a twenty foot putt from the fringe to make history.
The 2021 event featured a six-way playoff for first place, which was won by Kevin Kisner. This tied the PGA Tour record for largest number of participants in a sudden-death playoff. This also occurred at the 1994 GTE Byron Nelson Golf Classic and the 2001 Nissan Open.
Courses
The event has been played in the Greensboro area for its entire history. In its first four years, it was played at both Sedgefield Country Club and Starmount Forest Country Club. During World War II, it shifted solely to Starmount Forest in 1942, and was not held in 1943 and 1944. Starting in 1945, it alternated between Starmount Forest and Sedgefield until 1952, when Starmount Forest hosted for consecutive years.
It returned to Sedgefield in 1953 before Starmount Forest hosted for three consecutive years, (through 1956). Sedgefield hosted in 1957 and Starmount Forest hosted for another three straight years from 1958–60, then back to Sedgefield from 1961 to 1976. It shifted to Forest Oaks Country Club from 1977 to 2007, then returned to Sedgefield in 2008. The course at Sedgefield was designed by noted architect Donald Ross; it opened in 1926 and was restored in 2007.
Winners
Year
Winner
Score
To par
Margin ofvictory
Runner(s)-up
Purse(US$)
Winner'sshare ($)
Venue
Ref.
Wyndham Championship
2022
Tom Kim
260
−20
5 strokes
John Huh Im Sung-jae
7,300,000
1,314,000
Sedgefield
2021
Kevin Kisner
265
−15
Playoff
Branden Grace Kim Si-woo Kevin Na Adam Scott Roger Sloan
6,400,000
1,152,000
Sedgefield
2020
Jim Herman
259
−21
1 stroke
Billy Horschel
6,400,000
1,152,000
Sedgefield
2019
J. T. Poston
258
−22
1 stroke
Webb Simpson
6,200,000
1,116,000
Sedgefield
2018
Brandt Snedeker (2)
259
−21
3 strokes
Pan Cheng-tsung Webb Simpson
6,000,000
1,080,000
Sedgefield
2017
Henrik Stenson
258
−22
1 stroke
Ollie Schniederjans
5,800,000
1,044,000
Sedgefield
2016
Kim Si-woo
259
−21
5 strokes
Luke Donald
5,600,000
1,008,000
Sedgefield
2015
Davis Love III (3)
263
−17
1 stroke
Jason Gore
5,400,000
972,000
Sedgefield
2014
Camilo Villegas
263
−17
1 stroke
Bill Haas Freddie Jacobson
5,300,000
954,000
Sedgefield
2013
Patrick Reed
266
−14
Playoff
Jordan Spieth
5,300,000
954,000
Sedgefield
2012
Sergio García
262
−18
2 strokes
Tim Clark
5,200,000
936,000
Sedgefield
2011
Webb Simpson
262
−18
3 strokes
George McNeill
5,200,000
936,000
Sedgefield
2010
Arjun Atwal
260
−20
1 stroke
David Toms
5,100,000
918,000
Sedgefield
2009
Ryan Moore
264
−16
Playoff
Jason Bohn Kevin Stadler
5,100,000
918,000
Sedgefield
2008
Carl Pettersson
259
−21
2 strokes
Scott McCarron
5,100,000
918,000
Sedgefield
2007
Brandt Snedeker
266
−22
2 strokes
Billy Mayfair Jeff Overton Tim Petrovic
5,000,000
900,000
Forest Oaks
Chrysler Classic of Greensboro
2006
Davis Love III (2)
272
−16
2 strokes
Jason Bohn
5,000,000
900,000
Forest Oaks
2005
K. J. Choi
266
−22
2 strokes
Shigeki Maruyama
5,000,000
900,000
Forest Oaks
2004
Brent Geiberger
270
−18
2 strokes
Michael Allen
4,600,000
828,000
Forest Oaks
2003
Shigeki Maruyama
266
−22
5 strokes
Brad Faxon
4,500,000
810,000
Forest Oaks
Greater Greensboro Chrysler Classic
2002
Rocco Mediate (2)
272
−16
3 strokes
Mark Calcavecchia
3,800,000
684,000
Forest Oaks
2001
Scott Hoch
272
−16
1 stroke
Brett Quigley Scott Simpson
3,500,000
630,000
Forest Oaks
2000
Hal Sutton
274
−14
3 strokes
Andrew Magee
3,000,000
540,000
Forest Oaks
1999
Jesper Parnevik
265
−23
2 strokes
Jim Furyk
2,600,000
468,000
Forest Oaks
1998
Trevor Dodds
276
−12
Playoff
Scott Verplank
2,200,000
396,000
Forest Oaks
1997
Frank Nobilo
274
−14
Playoff
Brad Faxon
1,900,000
342,000
Forest Oaks
1996
Mark O'Meara
274
−14
2 strokes
Duffy Waldorf
1,800,000
324,000
Forest Oaks
KMart Greater Greensboro Open
1995
Jim Gallagher Jr.
274
−14
1 stroke
Peter Jacobsen Jeff Sluman
1,500,000
270,000
Forest Oaks
1994
Mike Springer
275
−13
3 strokes
Brad Bryant Ed Humenik Hale Irwin
1,500,000
270,000
Forest Oaks
1993
Rocco Mediate
281
−7
Playoff
Steve Elkington
1,500,000
270,000
Forest Oaks
1992
Davis Love III
272
−16
6 strokes
John Cook
1,250,000
225,000
Forest Oaks
1991
Mark Brooks
275
−13
Playoff
Gene Sauers
1,250,000
225,000
Forest Oaks
1990
Steve Elkington
282
−6
2 strokes
Mike Reid Jeff Sluman
1,250,000
225,000
Forest Oaks
1989
Ken Green
277
−11
2 strokes
John Huston
1,000,000
180,000
Forest Oaks
1988
Sandy Lyle (2)
271
−17
Playoff
Ken Green
1,000,000
180,000
Forest Oaks
Greater Greensboro Open
1987
Scott Simpson
282
−6
2 strokes
Clarence Rose
600,000
108,000
Forest Oaks
1986
Sandy Lyle
275
−13
2 strokes
Andy Bean
500,000
90,000
Forest Oaks
1985
Joey Sindelar
285
−3
1 stroke
Isao Aoki Craig Stadler
400,000
72,000
Forest Oaks
1984
Andy Bean
280
−8
2 strokes
George Archer
400,000
72,000
Forest Oaks
1983
Lanny Wadkins
275
−13
5 strokes
Craig Stadler Denis Watson
400,000
72,000
Forest Oaks
1982
Danny Edwards (2)
285
−3
1 stroke
Bobby Clampett
300,000
54,000
Forest Oaks
1981
Larry Nelson
281
−7
Playoff
Mark Hayes
300,000
54,000
Forest Oaks
1980
Craig Stadler
275
−13
6 strokes
George Burns Billy Kratzert Jack Newton Jerry Pate
250,000
45,000
Forest Oaks
1979
Raymond Floyd
282
−6
1 stroke
George Burns Gary Player
250,000
45,000
Forest Oaks
1978
Seve Ballesteros
282
−6
1 stroke
Jack Renner Fuzzy Zoeller
240,000
48,000
Forest Oaks
1977
Danny Edwards
276
−12
4 strokes
George Burns Larry Nelson
235,000
47,000
Forest Oaks
1976
Al Geiberger
268
−16
2 strokes
Lee Trevino
230,000
46,000
Sedgefield
1975
Tom Weiskopf
275
−9
3 strokes
Al Geiberger
225,000
45,000
Sedgefield
1974
Bob Charles
270
−14
1 stroke
Raymond Floyd Lee Trevino
220,000
44,066
Sedgefield
1973
Chi-Chi Rodríguez
267
−17
1 stroke
Lou Graham Ken Still
210,000
42,000
Sedgefield
1972
George Archer (2)
272
−12
Playoff
Tommy Aaron
200,000
40,000
Sedgefield
1971
Buddy Allin
275
−9
Playoff
Dave Eichelberger Rod Funseth
190,000
38,000
Sedgefield
1970
Gary Player
271
−13
2 strokes
Miller Barber
180,000
36,000
Sedgefield
1969
Gene Littler
274
−10
Playoff
Julius Boros Orville Moody Tom Weiskopf
160,000
32,000
Sedgefield
1968
Billy Casper (2)
267
−17
4 strokes
George Archer Gene Littler Bobby Nichols
137,500
27,500
Sedgefield
1967
George Archer
267
−17
2 strokes
Doug Sanders
125,000
25,000
Sedgefield
1966
Doug Sanders (2)
276
−8
Playoff
Tom Weiskopf
100,000
20,000
Sedgefield
1965
Sam Snead (8)
273
−11
5 strokes
Billy Casper Jack McGowan Phil Rodgers
70,000
11,000
Sedgefield
1964
Julius Boros
277
−7
Playoff
Doug Sanders
45,000
6,600
Sedgefield
1963
Doug Sanders
270
−14
4 strokes
Jimmy Clark
35,000
5,500
Sedgefield
1962
Billy Casper
275
−9
1 stroke
Mike Souchak
35,000
5,300
Sedgefield
1961
Mike Souchak
276
−8
7 strokes
Sam Snead
22,500
3,200
Sedgefield
1960
Sam Snead (7)
270
−14
2 strokes
Dow Finsterwald
20,000
2,800
Starmount Forest
1959
Dow Finsterwald
278
−6
2 strokes
Art Wall Jr.
15,000
2,000
Starmount Forest
1958
Bob Goalby
275
−9
2 strokes
Dow Finsterwald Don January Tony Lema Sam Snead Art Wall Jr.
15,000
2,000
Starmount Forest
1957
Stan Leonard
276
−4
3 strokes
Mike Souchak
15,000
2,000
Sedgefield
1956
Sam Snead (6)
279
−5
Playoff
Fred Wampler
12,500
2,200
Starmount Forest
1955
Sam Snead (5)
273
−7
1 stroke
Julius Boros Art Wall Jr.
12,500
2,200
Starmount Forest
1954
Doug Ford
283
−1
Playoff
Marty Furgol
10,000
2,000
Starmount Forest
1953
Earl Stewart
275
−5
Playoff
Sam Snead
10,000
2,000
Sedgefield
1952
Dave Douglas
277
−7
1 stroke
Bobby Locke
10,000
2,000
Starmount Forest
1951
Art Doering
279
−5
5 strokes
Jim Ferrier
10,000
2,000
Starmount Forest
1950
Sam Snead (4)
269
−11
10 strokes
Jimmy Demaret
10,000
2,000
Sedgefield
1949
Sam Snead (3)
276
−8
Playoff
Lloyd Mangrum
10,000
2,000
Starmount Forest
1948
Lloyd Mangrum
278
−2
1 stroke
Lew Worsham
10,000
2,000
Sedgefield
1947
Vic Ghezzi
286
+2
2 strokes
Frank Stranahan
10,000
2,000
Starmount Forest
1946
Sam Snead (2)
270
−10
6 strokes
Herman Keiser
7,500
1,500
Sedgefield
1945
Byron Nelson (2)
271
−13
8 strokes
Sammy Byrd
7,500
1,333
Starmount Forest
1943–44: No tournament due to World War II
1942
Sammy Byrd
279
−5
2 strokes
Ben Hogan Lloyd Mangrum
5,500
1,000
Starmount Forest
1941
Byron Nelson
276
−6
2 strokes
Vic Ghezzi
5,000
1,200
SedgefieldStarmount Forest
1940
Ben Hogan
270
−12
9 strokes
Craig Wood
5,000
1,200
SedgefieldStarmount Forest
1939
Ralph Guldahl
280
−2
3 strokes
Clayton Heafner Lawson Little
5,000
1,200
SedgefieldStarmount Forest
1938
Sam Snead
271
−11
5 strokes
Johnny Revolta
5,000
1,200
SedgefieldStarmount Forest
Note: Green highlight indicates scoring records.
Sources:
Multiple winners
Ten players have won this tournament more than once, through 2020.
8 wins
*Sam Snead: 1938, 1946, 1949, 1950, 1955, 1956, 1960, 1965
3 wins
*Davis Love III: 1992, 2006, 2015
2 wins
*Byron Nelson: 1941, 1945
*Doug Sanders: 1963, 1966
*Billy Casper: 1962, 1968
*George Archer: 1967, 1972
*Danny Edwards: 1977, 1982
*Sandy Lyle: 1986, 1988
*Rocco Mediate: 1993, 2002
*Brandt Snedeker: 2007, 2018 |
Introduction
Kanada-malja on display in the .
The Finnish Hockey Hall of Fame is housed in and administered by the ('Finnish Ice Hockey Museum'), a part of the Vapriikki Museum Centre, in Tampere, Finland. The mission of the Finnish Hockey Hall of Fame is to record, document, and exhibit objects, photographs, and printed materials related to Finnish ice hockey. The original Kanada-malja and the Aurora Borealis Cup are on display along with a number of active-use Liiga awards and hockey memorabilia including sweaters and game-used gear from past seasons.
When the hall of fame was established on June 14, 1979, its founding members included Aarne Honkavaara, Kalervo Kummola, Kimmo Leinonen, Harry Lindblad, and others. Notable chairpersons of the hall of fame have included, Harry Lindblad (1979–1983), Aarne Honkavaara (1983–1996), Unto Wiitala (1996–2001), and Kimmo Leinonen (2011–2018).
Since 1985, the Hockey Hall of Fame Finland has honored distinguished players, coaches, referees, influencers, and members of the media who have made significant impact on ice hockey in Finland, naming them each a ('Finnish Ice Hockey Lion'). Each Jääkiekkoleijona is designated with the chronological number of their induction. Including the induction class of 2022, there are 268 inductees in the Hockey Hall of Fame Finland. Of the 268 inductees, thirteen are women.
Inductees
The Hockey Hall of Fame Finland at the Suomen Jääkiekkomuseo.
Aarne Honkavaara, Jääkiekkoleijona number 10.
Teppo Rastio, Jääkiekkoleijona number 29, while playing with Tampereen Ilves in 1958.
Matti Keinonen, Jääkiekkoleijona number 50, and Juhani Lahtinen, number 34, after a Leijonat game against Sweden in 1965.
Juhani Wahlsten, Jääkiekkoleijona number 43, after receiving the SM-sarja Best Player Award for the 1961-62 season.
Veli-Pekka Ketola, Jääkiekkoleijona number 72, at a public appearance in Pori in 2015.
Pentti Lund, Jääkiekkoleijona number 84, while playing with the New York Rangers in 1951.
Kalervo Kummola, Jääkiekkoleijona number 106, in 2015.
Jari Kurri, Jääkiekkoleijona number 113, while playing with the Colorado Avalanche in 1998.
Hannu Aravirta, Jääkiekkoleijona number 182, coaching the Lahti Pelicans in 2008.
Anssi Koskinen, Jääkiekkoleijona number 191, while hosting the hockey television show Lätkäruutu in 1964.
Raimo Helminen, Jääkiekkoleijona number 192, while playing with Tampereen Ilves in 2008.
Erik Hämäläinen, Jääkiekkoleijona number 193, while playing with Lukko in his 1001st (and last) SM-liiga regular season game in March 2008.
Jyrki Lumme, Jääkiekkoleijona number 196, while playing with the Montreal Canadiens Alumni at the Legends Classic in 2008.
Marko Kiprusoff, Jääkiekkoleijona number 208, while playing with TPS Turku in 2008.
Jere Lehtinen, Jääkiekkoleijona number 207, while playing for the Dallas Stars in 2008.
Jukka Jalonen, Jääkiekkoleijona number 210, at 2011 IIHF World Championship gold medal celebrations in Helsinki.
Ville Peltonen, Jääkiekkoleijona number 226, while playing with HIFK in 2010.
Saku Koivu, Jääkiekkoleijona number 228.
Teemu Selänne, Jääkiekkoleijona number 232, while playing with the Anaheim Ducks in 2010.
Niklas Hagman, number 257, while playing with the Calgary Flames in 2010.
Induction year
Number
Category
Person
1985
1
Influencer
Kauko Karvonen
2
Influencer
Aaro Kivilinna
3
Coach
Erkki Saarinen
4
Player
Holger Granström
5
Coach
Risto Lindroos
6
Player
Keijo Kuusela
7
Influencer
Juhani Linkosuo
8
Player
Pentti Isotalo
9
Player
Matti Rintakoski
10
Player
Aarne Honkavaara
11
Player
Eero Salisma
12
Coach
Henry Kvist
13
Player
Kalle Havulinna
14
Player
Matti Karumaa
15
Player
Lotfi Nasib
16
Player
Jukka Wuolio
17
Player
Unto Wiitala
18
Media representative
Jouko Autero
19
Influencer
Harry Lindblad
20
Coach
Jarl Ohlson
21
Player
Yrjö Hakala
22
Player
Ossi Kauppi
23
Referee
Tuomo Lindroos
24
Player
Christian Rapp
25
Coach
Joe Wirkkunen
26
Player
Esko Niemi
27
Player
Matti Lampainen
28
Player
Erkki Koiso
29
Player
Teppo Rastio
30
Player
Raimo Kilpiö
31
Player
Esko Luostarinen
32
Player
Pertti Nieminen
33
Player
Heino Pulli
34
Player
Juhani Lahtinen
35
Referee
Sakari Sillankorva
36
Player
Jarmo Wasama
1986
37
Influencer
Otto Wuorio
38
Player
Esko Rekomaa
39
Player
Seppo Liitsola
40
Player
Mauno Nurmi
41
Player
Voitto Soini
42
Player
Jouni Seistamo
43
Player
Juhani Wahlsten
44
Player
Kalevi Numminen
45
Player
Seppo Nikkilä
46
Coach
Teuvo Myyryläinen
47
Player
Jorma Suokko
48
Player
Matti Reunamäki
1987
49
Coach
Lasse Heikkilä
50
Player
Matti Keinonen
51
Player
Seppo Lindström
52
Player
Lalli Partinen
53
Player
Lasse Oksanen
54
Referee
Raimo Sepponen
1988
55
Coach
Carl-Magnus Brander
56
Influencer
Jorma Nykänen
57
Influencer
Paavo Pitkänen
58
Player
Antti Heikkilä
59
Player
Reijo Hakanen
60
Player
Jorma Peltonen
61
Player
Urpo Ylönen
62
Player
Ilkka Mesikämmen
1989
63
Influencer
Esko Paltanen
64
Player
Ilpo Koskela
65
Player
Juha Rantasila
66
Player
Jorma Vehmanen
67
Player
Jorma Valtonen
1990
68
Player
Pekka Marjamäki
69
Player
Esa Peltonen
70
Player
Antti Leppänen
71
Player
Seppo Repo
72
Player
Veli-Pekka Ketola
1991
73
Referee
Karl-Gustav Kaisla
74
Influencer
Matias Helenius
75
Player
Lauri Mononen
76
Player
Harri Linnonmaa
77
Player
Matti Murto
78
Player
Heikki Riihiranta
79
Player
Juhani Tamminen
80
Player
Timo Nummelin
81
Player
Timo Sutinen
82
Influencer
Göran Stubb
1992
83
Influencer
Usko Teromaa
84
Player
Pentti Lund
85
Player
Hannu Haapalainen
86
Player
Pertti Koivulahti
87
Player
Reijo Leppänen
88
Player
Seppo Suoraniemi
89
Player
Pertti Valkeapää
1993
90
Player
Seppo Ahokainen
91
Player
Pekka Rautakallio
92
Player
Martti Jarkko
93
Referee
Lasse Vanhanen
1994
94
Player
Eero Saari
95
Player
Esko Tie
96
Player
Lasse Litma
97
Player
Jukka Porvari
1995
98
Player
Matti Hagman
99
Player
Kari Makkonen
100
Player
Tapio Levo
101
Player
Mikko Leinonen
102
Referee
Pertti Juhola
103
Influencer
Teuvo Honkalinna
1996
104
Player
Henry Leppä
105
Player
Kari Eloranta
106
Influencer
Kalervo Kummola
1997
107
Player
Ilkka Sinisalo
108
Player
Erkki Lehtonen
109
Influencer
Teemu Hiltunen
1998
110
Player
Tapio Koskinen
111
Player
Markus Mattsson
112
Player
Risto Siltanen
113
Player
Jari Kurri
114
Player
Pertti Lehtonen
115
Player
Hannu Kamppuri
116
Player
Matti Forss
117
Influencer
Kai Hietarinta
118
Media representative
Aulis Virtanen
1999
119
Media representative
Antero Karapalo
2000
120
Player
Timo Susi
121
Player
Arto Javanainen
122
Player
Reijo Ruotsalainen
123
Player
Kari Jalonen
124
Player
Pekka Tuomisto
125
Player
Frank Moberg
126
Player
Arto Lehtiö
2002
127
Player
Timo Blomqvist
128
Influencer
Tomi Mäkipää
2003
129
Player
Jorma Salmi
130
Player
Jukka Tammi
131
Player
Arto Ruotanen
132
Player
Timo Jutila
133
Player
Hannu Virta
134
Player
Christian Ruuttu
135
Coach
Pentti Matikainen
136
Referee
Seppo Mäkelä
137
Media representative
Pentti Lindegren
2004
138
Player
Risto Jalo
139
Player
Mikko Mäkelä
140
Player
Esa Keskinen
141
Player
Petri Skriko
142
Player
Raimo Summanen
143
Player
Esa Tikkanen
144
Player
Timo Turunen
145
Player
Stig Wetzell
146
Coach
Gustav Bubník
147
Coach
Carl Brewer
148
Coach
Curt Lindström
149
Coach
Alpo Suhonen
150
Coach
Hilpas Sulin
151
Referee
Jarmo Jalarvo
152
Influencer
Seppo Helle
153
Influencer
Aimo Mäkinen
154
Influencer
Martin Saarikangas
155
Influencer
Juhani Ikonen
156
Media representative
Anssi Kukkonen
157
Media representative
Juhani Syvänen
158
Media representative
Hannu Lindroos
2005
159
Player
Hannu Kapanen
160
Player
Markus Ketterer
161
Player
Sakari Lindfors
162
Player
Jari Lindroos
163
Player
Reijo Mikkolainen
164
Player
Mika Nieminen
165
Player
Marko Palo
166
Player
Jouni Rinne
167
Coach
Rauno Korpi
168
Referee
Janne Rautavuori
169
Influencer
Lasse Laukkanen
170
Influencer
Hannu Ansas
171
Influencer
Harri Lintumäki
172
Influencer
Tapani Mattila
2006
173
Player
Ville Sirén
174
Player
Simo Saarinen
175
Player
Pekka Järvelä
176
Player
Hannu Järvenpää
177
Player
Pekka Arbelius
178
Player
Timo Saarikoski
179
Player
Kari Takko
180
Player
Darren Boyko
181
Player
Otakar Janecký
182
Coach
Hannu Aravirta
183
Coach
Hannu Jortikka
184
Influencer
Jarmo Männistö
185
Influencer
Harry Bogomoloff
186
Influencer
Urpo Helkovaara
2007
187
Player
Marianne Ihalainen
188
Player
Janne Laukkanen
189
Player
Antti Törmänen
190
Player
Riikka Sallinen ()
191
Influencer
Anssi Koskinen
2009
192
Player
Raimo Helminen
193
Player
Erik Hämäläinen
194
Player
Sari Krooks
195
Player
Tero Lehterä
196
Player
Jyrki Lumme
197
Player
Jarmo Myllys
198
Player
Juha Ylönen
199
Coach
Vladimir Jurzinov
200
Coach
Erkka Westerlund
201
Referee
Rainer Grannas
2010
202
Player
Teppo Numminen
203
Player
Matti Rautiainen
204
Influencer
Rauno Mokka
205
Influencer
2011
206
Player
Janne Ojanen
207
Player
Jere Lehtinen
208
Player
Marko Kiprusoff
209
Player
Mika Strömberg
210
Coach
Jukka Jalonen
211
Influencer
Kimmo Leinonen
2012
212
Player
Aki Berg
213
Player
Juha Lind
214
Player
Pasi Nurminen
215
Player
Timo Peltomaa
216
Influencer
Hannu Soro
217
Influencer
Pertti Kontto
218
Influencer
Esa Sulkava
2013
219
Player
Iiro Järvi
220
Player
Ari Sulander
221
Player
Petri Varis
222
Influencer
Pekka Paavola
2014
223
Player
Sari Marjamäki ()
224
Player
Sami Kapanen
225
Player
Janne Niinimaa
226
Player
Ville Peltonen
227
Referee
Anne Haanpää ()
2015
228
Player
Saku Koivu
229
Player
Pekka Leimu
230
Player
Tiia Reima
231
Player
Kimmo Rintanen
232
Player
Teemu Selänne
233
Player
Erkki Haapanen
234
Coach
Rauli Virtanen
2016
235
Player
Päivi Virta
236
Player
Jukka Hentunen
237
Player
Miikka Kiprusoff
238
Player
Toni Lydman
239
Influencer
Don Baizley
240
Influencer
Harry Harkimo
2017
241
Player
Erkki Laine
242
Player
Antti-Jussi Niemi
243
Player
Fredrik Norrena
244
Player
Katja Riipi
245
Player
Sami Salo
246
Influencer
Juha Junno
2018
247
Player
Kirsi Hänninen
248
Player
Olli Jokinen
249
Player
Antero Niittymäki
250
Player
Jarkko Ruutu
251
Player
Kimmo Timonen
252
Referee
Jyri Rönn
2019
253
Player
Petteri Nummelin
254
Player
Antti Miettinen
255
Player
Emma Terho ()
256
Coach
Hannu Saintula
2021
257
Player
Niklas Hagman
258
Player
Niko Kapanen
259
Player
Tuomo Ruutu
260
Player
Petra Vaarakallio
261
Player
Ossi Väänänen
262
Influencer
Seppo Arponen
2022
263
Player
Niklas Bäckström
264
Player
Mikko Koivu
265
Player
Ilkka Mikkola
266
Player
Saija Tarkki ()
267
Referee
Anu Saarni ()
268
Influencer |
Introduction
Clarins is a family-run French multinational cosmetics company, which was founded in Paris in 1954 by Jacques Courtin-Clarins. In addition to manufacturing and selling cosmetics, skincare and perfume products, the company is also a major player in the spa and well-being sector.
Clarins operates in over 150 countries and is available at high-end department stores and selected retailers with the Clarins and My Blend brands, and is a major luxury skincare brand in Europe. Although more than 95% of its products are exported worldwide, they are formulated and designed in Clarins Laboratories in France.
History
Clarins cosmetic counter at New Zealand department store Farmers
Significant milestones in the history of Clarins:
1954: Jacques Courtin-Clarins opens his first Beauty Institute on Rue Tronchet in Paris.
1968: Clarins creates its Client Card, which is included in the packaging of Clarins skincare products.
1974: Christian Courtin-Clarins joins the company as Director of Exports.
1984: Clarins is listed on the secondary market of the Paris stock exchange, which is a real development opportunity for the company.
1991: Clarins launches its first makeup collection as well as a line of products with an anti-pollution complex.
1994: Olivier Courtin-Clarins joins Clarins as a board member after a successful medical career.
2002: Clarins launches the ClarinsMen range for men.
2008: Clarins is delisted from the Paris stock exchange.
2010: Virginie, Claire, Prisca and Jenna Courtin-Clarins become members of the Supervisory Board.
2011: After having held the position of Chairman of the Board since 2000, Christian Courtin-Clarins is named President of the Supervisory Board.
2015: After more than 25 years of experience working for Clarins, Jonathan Zrihen is appointed President & CEO.
2017: After her role as Head of Development and New Concepts, Jenna Courtin-Clarins becomes an ambassador for the brand.
2018: After her time as Managing Director at Mugler Mode, Virginie Courtin-Clarins is appointed Deputy CEO.
2018: After working as Clarins' Director of Spas, Retail & My Blend, Prisca Courtin-Clarins becomes a member of the Supervisory Board as a representative of Famille C, the holding company of the Courtin-Clarins family.
2018: Clarins researches and produces its first ingredients at Domaine Clarins, an outdoor laboratory in the heart of a protected area in the Alps.
2019: Clarins expands its reach to new areas with My Clarins, a cosmetics range for 18 to 29-year-old women.
2020: Clarins hands over Mugler & Azzaro to L'Oréal to refocus on beauty, its core business, with Clarins and My Blend.
2020: Clarins opens its R&D center in Shanghai, China.
2022: Clarins launched a traceability platform for its products called the Clarins T.R.U.S.T. that utilizes blockchain technology.
Board of directors
Clarins is headed by Jonathan Zrihen, President & CEO, Olivier Courtin-Clarins, Managing Director, and Virginie Courtin-Clarins, Deputy Executive Director. Christian Courtin-Clarins is the President of the Supervisory Board.
The Courtin Arthritis Foundation
Founded by Jaques Courtin Clarins in 1989, this association made it possible to further the research efforts for polyarthritis and chronic inflammatory rheumatism. Also, the foundation is responsible for many of the major advances in rheumatoid arthritis research. |
Introduction
The Good, the Bad, and the Indifferent is a collection of short stories by American author Joe R. Lansdale, dating from his early career, published in 1997 as a limited edition by Subterranean Press. Many of the stories were never published before and none of which have ever been collected before. This book has sold out both the numbered and lettered editions.
The title is a play on Sergio Leone's western film The Good, the Bad and the Ugly. It is the part of a trilogy-of-sorts of Lansdale anthologies, preceded by A Fist Full of Stories (and Articles) and followed by For a Few Stories More.
The original, full extended title was The Good, The Bad, and the Indifferent: Early Stories and Commentaries by Joe R. Lansdale.
It contains:
"All the Little Animals"
"The Amusement Park"
"At the Mouth of Time"
"Cowboy"
"A Debt to Pay"
"Devil in the Hole"
Escape Artist"
"For Whom the Bell Blows"
"A Frog-Strangler"
"From Little Things"
"Full Report at Ten"
"Futility"
"Hang in There"
"Hickory, Dickory, Dock"
"The Honeymoon"
"Huitzilopochtli"
"The Hungry Locust"
"The Junkyard" (originally published in Dark Regions #3, 1989)
"Knock Knock"
"The Last of the Hopeful"
"The Man Who Could Not Get Four in a Row"
"The Man Who Dreamed"
"Night Drive"
"One Death, Two Episodes"
"The Pit of Kundolkan"
"The Princess" (originally published in Mummy!, ed. Bill Pronzini, 1980)
"Quack"
"Saved"
"Trapped in the Saturday Matinee"
"The Valley of the Swastika"
"Walks" (originally published in Cemetery Dance Fall 1997)
"Waziah" (originally published in Creature!, ed. Bill Pronzini, (1981)
"Why Does It Cry?"
"The Yard Man" |
Introduction
The Clyde River is a river in Lanark County in Eastern Ontario, Canada. It is in the Saint Lawrence River drainage basin, is a left tributary of the Mississippi River, and was named after the River Clyde in Scotland.
Course
The Clyde flows south from its source at the outflow from Clyde Lake in geographic Lavant Township in the municipality of Lanark Highlands to the community of Clyde Forks, where it takes in the right tributaries Middle Branch Clyde River and South Branch Clyde River. To this point, the river is paralleled by the K&P Rail Trail which follows the course of the former Kingston and Pembroke Railway. The river then heads east, then southeast into geographic Darling Township then geographic Lanark Township, takes in the right tributary Little Clyde River, and arrives at the community of Lanark. The river continues south passing briefly through geographic Drummond Township in the municipality of Drummond/North Elmsley, then reaches its mouth at the Mississippi River in geographic Bathurst Township in the municipality of Tay Valley, north of the town of Perth. The Mississippi River flows via the Ottawa River to the Saint Lawrence River.
Tributaries
*Middleville Creek (left)
Hopetown Creek (right)
Bennys Creek (left)
Little Clyde River (right)
Eastons Creek (right)
Black Creek (right)
Edmunds Creek (left)
Pilons Creek (left)
Lavant Creek (right)
McCreas Creek (left)
La France Creek (right)
South Branch Clyde River (right)
Middle Branch Clyde Creek (right)
Clyde Lake
*Baldwin Depot Creek |
Introduction
Pennywise or Penny Wise may refer to:
Pennywise (band), an American punk rock band
Pennywise, a 1991 eponymous album by the band
Pennywise the Dancing Clown, or It, the title character in the Stephen King novel It and its film and television adaptations
Jon Vitti (born 1960), American screenwriter who used the pseudonym "Penny Wise" |
Introduction
Keith Barr McCutcheon was a highly decorated Marine Corps four-star general and aviator seeing combat in World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. He earned the Distinguished Flying Cross and ten Air Medals.
Early years
Keith McCutcheon was born on August 10, 1915, in East Liverpool, Ohio. He graduated from East Liverpool High School and received his B.S. degree from Carnegie Institute of Technology in 1937. An honor graduate of the schools' ROTC unit, he resigned a U.S. Army Reserve commission to accept appointment as a Marine Corps second lieutenant on July 1, 1937.
Marine Corps career
McCutcheon's first assignment upon completion of Basic School was with the Marine detachment aboard the . In 1940, he completed flight training, was designated a Naval aviator, and subsequently served with a Marine Observation Squadron aboard the aircraft carriers , , and USS Yorktown. He later completed aeronautical engineering courses at the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, earning his master's degree in 1944.
World War II
In September 1944, as a lieutenant colonel, he departed for the Pacific area. He served as Operations Officer of Marine Aircraft Group 24 at Bougainville, and at Luzon and Mindanao in the Philippine Islands. Additionally, he saw duty as Operations Officer of Marine Aircraft Groups, Dagupan on Luzon and, later, Zamboanga, on Mindanao. During the period from November 1, 1944, to May 26, 1945, he earned the Silver Star, the Legion of Merit with Combat "V", the Distinguished Flying Cross, and six Air Medals in the Solomons, New Guinea, and Philippine Islands area.
In November 1945, he returned to the United States to serve as an instructor in the Aviation Section, Marine Corps Schools, Quantico. From October 1946 until December 1949, he was assigned to the Bureau of Aeronautics, Navy Department, in Washington, D.C. He served in the Guided Missiles (then Pilotless Aircraft) Division of the Design and Engineering Group, and was branch chief at various times of the Liaison, Experimental Projects, and Target Drone branches. He also performed additional duty in 1947 as Senior Marine Corps Aide to the White House.
1950s
Marine Helicopter Squadron One
Lieutenant Colonel McCutcheon was transferred to Norfolk in January 1950 and completed the course at the Armed Forces Staff College in June 1950. He was then ordered to Quantico for duty as commanding officer of Marine Helicopter Squadron One (HMX-One), the Corps' only helicopter squadron at that time. During the next 18 months, HMX-One served as a focal point for the expansion of the Marine Corps Helicopter program. He was promoted to colonel in June 1951.
Korean War
In December 1951, Colonel McCutcheon took command of Marine Helicopter Transport Squadron 161 in Korea. He earned his second Legion of Merit with Combat "V" and his seventh through tenth Air Medals in this capacity. In October 1952, he reported to Headquarters, United States European Command, in Frankfurt, Germany, where he served successively as operations officer, assistant chief, and later chief, Operations Branch, J-3 Division until May 1954.
Colonel McCutcheon assumed duties in June 1954 as chief, Air Section, Marine Corps Equipment Board, Quantico. In August 1957, he reported as commanding officer, MAG-26, at New River, North Carolina. He commanded the helicopter group until June 1959, when he was detached to enter the National War College in Washington.
1960s
McCutcheon (right-most, 2nd row from bottom) at the 1967 General Officers Symposium
Following graduation, he was assigned to Headquarters Marine Corps in July 1960 as assistant director of aviation, becoming Director of Aviation in September 1961. In March 1962, he was promoted to brigadier general and assumed command of the Hawaii-based 1st Marine Brigade. Remaining in Hawaii, General McCutcheon joined the staff of the commander in chief, Pacific, in January 1963 as assistant chief of staff for operations. For exceptionally meritorious service in this capacity from 1963 to 1965, he was awarded his third Legion of Merit.
Vietnam War
Ordered to the Republic of Vietnam in June 1965, General McCutcheon earned his first Distinguished Service Medal for service as commanding general, 1st Marine Aircraft Wing and as deputy commander, III Marine Amphibious Force. He was also awarded the Vietnamese Cross of Gallantry with Palm, and the Vietnamese Medal of Honor (First Class). In January 1966, he was promoted to major general while serving in Vietnam.
Upon his return to the United States in June 1966, General McCutcheon served almost four years as deputy chief of staff (air), at Headquarters Marine Corps, and earned a Gold Star in lieu of a second Distinguished Service Medal.
1970s
Nominated for promotion to lieutenant general, his nomination was approved by President Nixon on February 5, 1970, and confirmed by the Senate on February 24, 1970. After his promotion to that rank on February 26, 1970, he returned to the Republic of Vietnam for duty as commanding general, III Marine Amphibious Force. For exceptionally meritorious service in this assignment through January 1971, he was awarded his third Distinguished Service Medal. At the time of his retirement, he was special assistant to the commandant of the Marine Corps.
Promotion to general and retirement
McCutcheon was nominated for his fourth star and appointed assistant commandant of the Marine Corps in 1970 by President Nixon, although he was unable to assume the post because of ill health. However, because of his distinguished career as a Marine, Congress passed special legislation which provided he be placed on the retired list with the rank of general.
On July 1, 1971, General McCutcheon received his fourth star and was placed on the retired list. He died of cancer on July 13, 1971, at the National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland. He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery.
Decorations
A complete list of his decorations and medals include:
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22px22px
21px22px22px
Naval Aviator Badge
1st Row
Navy Distinguished Service Medal w/ 2 award stars
2nd Row
Silver Star
Legion of Merit w/ 2 award stars & valor device
Distinguished Flying Cross
Air Medal w/ 9 award stars
3rd Row
Navy Unit Commendation w/ 3 service stars
American Defense Service Medal w/ Base clasp
American Campaign Medal
Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal w/ 3 service stars
4th Row
World War II Victory Medal
Navy Occupation Service Medal w/ Europe clasp
National Defense Service Medal w/ 1 service star
Korean Service Medal w/ 3 service stars
5th Row
Vietnam Service Medal w/ 4 service stars
Vietnam Gallantry Cross w/ palm
Vietnam Armed Forces Honor Medal 2nd class
Philippines Presidential Unit Citation
6th Row
Korean Presidential Unit Citation
Philippine Liberation Medal w/ 1 service star
United Nations Korea Medal
Vietnam Campaign Medal |
Introduction
RMS Amazon was a wooden three-masted barque, paddle steamer and Royal Mail Ship. She was the first of 5 sister ships commissioned by the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company to serve RMSP's routes between Southampton and the Caribbean.
Building
By 1851 iron-hulled screw ships were increasingly common, but RMSP conservatively continued to buy new paddle steamers. The Admiralty supervised those UK merchant ships contracted to carry mail, and insisted that they all have wooden hulls. Therefore, RMSP ordered that Amazon and her four sisters be wooden-hulled paddle steamers.
R & H Green built Amazon at Blackwall Yard, London. Her keel was laid on 1 September 1850 at and she was launched on 28 June 1851. Seaward and Capel of Limehouse built her engines. They were a pair of side-lever steam engines, developing 800 hp at 14 revolutions per minute. No figure for her gross register tonnage is recorded, but it was in the order of .
Maiden voyage and loss
Amazon was the first of the five sister ships to enter service. In December 1851 she reached Southampton to prepare for her maiden voyage. She carried 1,000 tons of coal for her bunkers and loaded several hundred tons of cargo. Her strong room contained 500 bottles of mercury for use in the production of mining explosive in Mexico and £20,000-worth of specie. The mercury was worth over £5,000 and the total value of the cargo was estimated at about £100,000. In common with many ships undertaking trans-oceanic voyages in that era, the ship carried livestock on deck and bales of hay to feed them.
On Friday, 2 January, Amazon, commanded by Captain William Symons, loaded mail, embarked 50 passengers and late that day she sailed for the Caribbean. In the next 24 hours she twice hove to as her engine bearings overheated. She entered the Bay of Biscay and at about 12:40 on Sunday, 4 January, smoke was sighted rising from a hatch ahead of her forward funnel. Captain Symons and his chief officer, Roberts, were quickly on deck and organised crewmen with buckets and a hose to fight the fire. Men started to move hay away from the fire, but after they had moved only two bales all the remainder caught alight.
Symons ordered that the engines be stopped and boats launched. The mail boat was lowered containing 25 people. In a heavy sea and with the ship still under way the boat was swamped and all of its occupants drowned. The fire was now such that the engine room could not be reached and so the engines could not be stopped. Symons turned the ship so that the wind was at her stern. This helped to slow the spread of fire toward her stern, but also maximised her speed and thus the difficulty in launching her boats.
The pinnace was lowered. Before its occupants could unfasten its forward tackle the heavy sea swung it around and tossed its occupants in the water. A second cutter was lowered but swamped by a wave that washed away all but two of its occupants. The starboard lifeboat was successfully launched and 16 people got away in it. The dinghy was successfully launched carrying five people.
Contemporary engraving of the loss of Amazon
The fire spread out of control. The starboard lifeboat rescued the five occupants of the dinghy and tried to approach the ship to rescue more people, but came in danger of being swamped and so abandoned the attempt. Amazon was still under way, rolling in the heavy sea while Symons and his crew still tried to keep her course steady.
By 04:00 the fire brought down the ship's foremast and mainmast. At 05:00 her magazine exploded and her mizzen mast was brought down as the deck collapsed . Her funnels glowed red-hot and about half an hour later she sank about west-south-west of the Isles of Scilly.
At 10:30 the brig Marsden, bound from London to North Carolina, rescued the 21 survivors in the starboard lifeboat and landed them at Plymouth. At first these were feared to be the only survivors. However, the Dutch galliot Gertruida rescued seven passengers, 17 crew members and a foreman from Seaward and Capel and landed them at Brest on 5 January. A second Dutch ship, Hellechina, rescued 13 survivors and transferred them to the HM Revenue cutter Royal Charlotte, which landed them at Plymouth on 16 January. The steamship also rescued some passengers and crew.
At the beginning of February a section of Amazons timbers, partly charred by the fire, drifted ashore at Falmouth.
Deaths and aftermath
Reports of the total number of dead vary from 105 to 115. They included the popular travel writer and novelist Elliot Warburton, and the French novelist Gabriel Ferry. A national appeal, championed by Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, raised money for widows, orphans and survivors.
An enquiry into the ship's loss failed to establish a cause of the fire. The repeated overheating of the engine bearings has been cited as suggesting that the fire may have started in the engine room. However, such overheating might also be expected to cause the engines to seize, whereas they continued to run as the fire spread.
Whatever the cause, the fire caused the Admiralty to reconsider its insistence on wooden hulls for mail ships. The next ship that RMSP ordered, , was built with an iron hull. |
Introduction
Anything for Money is an American television game show where two contestants tried to predict the outcomes of situations in which cast members Christopher Callen and Ralph Harris attempted to coerce passers-by into participating in jokes, in exchange for increasing amounts of money.
Fred Travalena hosted Anything for Money with Johnny Gilbert serving as announcer. The series was syndicated to stations to air as part of their daytime lineups and premiered on September 17, 1984. Originally slated to air twenty-two weeks of new episodes at first, an additional eight weeks were ordered over the course of the season and a total of 150 episodes aired before the show was cancelled. First-run episodes aired from the premiere until April 19, 1985, and reruns aired until sometime in August 1985. The show later aired on USA Network from 1986 until 1988.
The series was produced by Gary Bernstein and Larry Hovis, packaged by their production company Bernstein/Hovis Productions and Impact Studios, and distributed by Paramount Television.
Rules
Travalena would introduce clips and, once the premise of the prank was known, the contestants then guessed whether or not the participants would consent. Three rounds were played, with a correct guess worth $200 in round 1, $300 in round 2, and $500 in round 3.
The player with the most money after 3 rounds was the champ and received a bonus prize, besides their winnings. If the scores ended in a tie, both players received the bonus prize and became co-champs.
Controversy
Anything for Money was originally a concept developed by Ralph Andrews Productions in 1983. Gary Bernstein was working for the company during this time, and Andrews had an agreement with Columbia Pictures Television which gave Columbia first right of refusal for any Andrews-produced project between 1980 and 1986. Bernstein at the time was also partnering with actor Larry Hovis in his own venture. When Anything for Money was originally devised, CPT refused it outright. Andrews then advised Bernstein to go to Paramount and try and sell it to them, which he was successful in doing. A problem arose, however, because Bernstein said that he had owned the rights to the show and not Andrews. Paramount later picked up Anything for Money in 1984 and hired Bernstein and Hovis to produce it, thus causing Andrews to file a lawsuit against Paramount for taking his concept. Paramount won summary judgment in 1984, but after years of appeals, Andrews won a reversal in 1990.
This did not affect Andrews and Bernstein's relationship as colleagues, as the two production units later launched Yahtzee in 1988. However, that program was also mired in controversy that would lead to a lawsuit being filed by the latter.
British version
An equally short-lived British version ran on Sky One from February 6, 1991, until September 28, 1992, hosted by Andrew O'Connor.
Sources
* |
Introduction
Ebenezer Don Carlos Bassett was United States Ambassador to Haiti from 1869 to 1877. He was the first African American diplomat and the fourth U.S. ambassador to Haiti since the two countries established relations in 1862. His mother was Pequot. From 1857 to 1869 he was the principal of the Institute for Colored Youth in Philadelphia.
Ebenezer Bassett was appointed as new leaders emerged among free African Americans after the American Civil War. An educator, abolitionist, and civil rights activist, Bassett was the U.S. diplomatic envoy in 1869 to Haiti, the "Black Republic" of the Western Hemisphere. Through eight years of bloody civil war and coups d'état there, Bassett served in one of the most crucial, but difficult postings of his time. Haiti was of strategic importance in the Caribbean basin for its shipping lanes and as a naval coaling station.
Early life
Born in Derby, Connecticut, Ebenezer D. Bassett was from a community that had a strong tradition of owning their own property, running their own businesses, and playing important leadership roles. Among this community, the Bassetts stood out as astute and prominent. Bassett's father Eben Tobias, as well as his grandfather Tobiah, had the distinction of being elected "Black Governor" in Connecticut, an unofficial honorific among the black community.
Both Bassett's parents ensured that their son would receive the best education possible. In a step rare for any students of the mid-19th century, Bassett attended college in his home state. In 1853 he was the first black student to attend the Connecticut Normal School (now Central Connecticut State University). After graduation Bassett taught school in New Haven, where he met and became friends with the abolitionist Frederick Douglass.
Educator and activist
1863 Broadside listing Bassett as a speaker calling men of color to arms.
Soon Bassett was offered the chance to teach at a progressive new all-Black high school in Philadelphia. At the time, he was teaching at the Institute for Colored Youth (ICY). It later became Cheyney University of Pennsylvania, the earliest college dedicated to educating Black youth in the country. There he focused on Latin, Greek, mathematics and science, becoming principal after one year. Among his students was John H. Smythe, who would also become a diplomat, Smythe to Liberia. But Pennsylvania, like the rest of the country, was soon dragged into the American Civil War.
Ebenezer Bassett also became one of Philadelphia's leading voices for abolition of slavery and emancipation of the nearly four million enslaved Blacks. Bassett used ICY as a base to recruit Blacks to serve in the Union Army. He hastened to invite many of the national civil rights leaders who had become colleagues. Just days after the Battle of Gettysburg, Bassett and other Black leaders organized a recruiting drive for Black soldiers. Bassett had the honor of being the second speaker of the night, making his speech immediately preceding Frederick Douglass.
Basset was highly respected within the academic communities of the North. He attended educational meetings and advised abolitionists on matters of education. In New Haven Connecticut August 1865, a meeting was held by The American Institute to address the issue of freedman and education. Speeches were made by prominent members of the community. Benjamin B. Smith Bishop of Kentucky, John Celivergos Zachos educational theorist, Lyman Abbott Author, Thomas Anthony Thacher Yale College administrator, Rev. M.E. Strieby D.D. secretary American Missionary Association of New York. Ebenezer Basset attended the meeting and urged the need for more African American educators in the freed states, he felt freedman would have more confidence in their teachers.
His remaining years as an educator and activist would cement his position in the abolitionist community. When Ulysses S Grant was elected to the presidency, he looked for Black leaders such as Bassett to fill important political positions. Douglass recommended Bassett to political allies in the White House.
Diplomatic career
In nominating Bassett to become Minister Resident to Haiti (the title Ambassador would not be used by the U.S. until 1893), Grant appointed him as one of the highest-ranking blacks in the U.S. government. Bassett's accreditation to the "Black Republic" was no accident either. Though Haiti had gained its independence from France in 1804, it was not officially recognized by the United States until 1862. Southern resistance to a former colony governed by ex-slaves becoming a "nation" had prevented the United States from recognizing the country. With the Union victory in the Civil War, the US government wanted to improve bilateral relations, and believed the appointment of Bassett was a significant step, not only for his skills but for the symbolism of his appointment.
Upon arrival in Port-au-Prince, however, Bassett found that Haiti was torn by civil war. Although with no international experience, as a representative of the US, the Minister Resident was one of the most powerful figures in the country. Bassett soon realized that much of diplomacy involved intangibles. Soon after his arrival, he wrote to Frederick Douglass that his duties were "not so onerous as delicate. Common sense and some little knowledge of law…will carry me through."
Bassett oversaw cases of citizen commercial claims, diplomatic immunity for consular and commercial agents, and aid to citizens affected by hurricanes, fires and numerous tropical diseases.
Canal crisis
The case that posed the greatest challenge to him, however, was political refugee General Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal. The general was among the band of young leaders who in 1869 successfully ousted the former President Sylvain Salnave from power. By the time of the subsequent regime of Michel Domingue in the mid-1870s, Canal had retired to his home outside the capital. The new Haitian President, however, suspicious of rivals, hunted down perceived threats, including Canal.
Canal and two young relatives arrived at Bassett's home, seeking protection and refuge. The diplomat agreed to protect them under his diplomatic immunity.
As a refugee, Canal had been essentially held captive by the government threat for more than five months. After Canal's departure, Bassett telegrammed the Department of State informing them that the crisis had finally passed: "Refugees amicably embarked and soldiers withdrawn from around my premises yesterday."
Though he undoubtedly paid a price by having irritated the powers that ran the State Department, he nonetheless stood up to both the Secretary of State and the brutal Domingue dictatorship. By demanding humane treatment for an honorable Haitian citizen, Ebenezer Bassett served not only the best interests of the United States, but also of the people of Haiti.
Upon the end of the Grant Administration in 1877, Bassett submitted his resignation as was customary with a change of hands in government. In spite of any lingering resentment that may have existed in Washington because of his defiant stance, it was impossible for the Department not to recognize Bassett's work.
Acting Secretary of State F.W. Seward wrote to Bassett, thanking him for his years of service:
I cannot allow this opportunity to pass without expressing to you the appreciation of the Department for the very satisfactory manner in which you have discharged your duties of the mission at Port-au-Prince during your term of office. This commendation of your services is the more especially merited because at various times your duties have been of such a delicate nature as to have required the exercise of much tact and discretion.
Later life
When he returned to the United States, he spent an additional ten years as the Consul General for Haiti in New York City. Prior to his death in Brooklyn, New York, he lived in Philadelphia, where his daughter Charlotte taught at the Institute for Colored Youth. He is buried, with family members, at the Grove Street Cemetery in New Haven, Connecticut. |
Introduction
Zörnigall is a village and a former municipality in Wittenberg district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2011, it is part of the town Zahna-Elster. It belonged to the administrative municipality (Verwaltungsgemeinschaft) of Elbaue-Fläming.
Geography
Zörnigall lies about 8 km southeast of Lutherstadt Wittenberg.
Economy and transportation
Federal Highway (Bundesstraße) B 187 between Wittenberg and Jessen is about 1 km to the south. |
Introduction
The British Ice Hockey Hall of Fame was founded in 1948 and is the third oldest ice hockey Hall of Fame in the world, behind the Russian and Soviet Hockey Hall of Fame (also founded in 1948) and the International Hockey Hall of Fame (founded in 1943). The Hall honours individuals who have made important contributions to the sport of hockey in Britain. The Hall houses displays and exhibitions of memorabilia depicting significant contributions of players, coaches, referees and other individuals.
The Hall of Fame was founded by the weekly Ice Hockey World newspaper in 1948. When the newspaper stopped being published in 1958, the Hall of Fame ceased to exist. In 1986, the Hall was re-established by the British Ice Hockey Writers' Association (now called Ice Hockey Journalists UK (IHJUK)). In 2018, Ice Hockey UK became the owners of the Hall of Fame.
A sub-committee meets each year to decide on a list of potential inductees. To be inducted, individuals must have contributed "outstanding service to British ice hockey". |
Introduction
The B cell receptor (BCR) is a transmembrane protein on the surface of a B cell. A B cell receptor includes both CD79 and the immunoglobulin. The plasma membrane of a B cell is indicated by the green phospholipids. The B cell receptor extends both outside the cell (above the plasma membrane) and inside the cell (below the membrane).|213x213px
The B cell receptor is a transmembrane protein on the surface of a B cell. A B cell receptor is composed of a membrane-bound immunoglobulin molecule and a signal transduction moiety. The former forms a type 1 transmembrane receptor protein, and is typically located on the outer surface of these lymphocyte cells. Through biochemical signaling and by physically acquiring antigens from the immune synapses, the BCR controls the activation of the B cell. B cells are able to gather and grab antigens by engaging biochemical modules for receptor clustering, cell spreading, generation of pulling forces, and receptor transport, which eventually culminates in endocytosis and antigen presentation. B cells' mechanical activity adheres to a pattern of negative and positive feedbacks that regulate the quantity of removed antigen by manipulating the dynamic of BCR–antigen bonds directly. Particularly, grouping and spreading increase the relation of antigen with BCR, thereby proving sensitivity and amplification. On the other hand, pulling forces delinks the antigen from the BCR, thus testing the quality of antigen binding.
The receptor's binding moiety is composed of a membrane-bound antibody that, like all antibodies, has two identical paratopes that are unique and randomly determined. The BCR for an antigen is a significant sensor that is required for B cell activation, survival, and development. A B cell is activated by its first encounter with an antigen (its "cognate antigen") that binds to its receptor, resulting in cell proliferation and differentiation to generate a population of antibody-secreting plasma B cells and memory B cells. The B cell receptor (BCR) has two crucial functions upon interaction with the antigen. One function is signal transduction, involving changes in receptor oligomerization. The second function is to mediate internalization for subsequent processing of the antigen and presentation of peptides to helper T cells.
Development and structure of the B cell receptor
The first checkpoint in the development of a B cell is the production of a functional pre-BCR, which is composed of two surrogate light chains and two immunoglobulin heavy chains, which are normally linked to Ig-α (or CD79A) and Ig-β (or CD79B) signaling molecules. Each B cell, produced in the bone marrow, is highly specific to an antigen. The BCR can be found in a number of identical copies of membrane proteins that are exposed at the cell surface.The general structure of the B cell receptor includes a membrane-bound immunoglobulin molecule and a signal transduction region. Disulfide bridges connect the immunoglobulin isotype and the signal transduction region.
The B cell receptor is composed of two parts:
# A membrane-bound immunoglobulin molecule of one isotype (IgD, IgM, IgA, IgG, or IgE). With the exception of the presence of an integral membrane domain, these are identical to a monomeric version of their secreted forms.
# Signal transduction moiety: a heterodimer called Ig-α/Ig-β (CD79), bound together by disulfide bridges. Each member of the dimer spans the plasma membrane and has a cytoplasmic tail bearing an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM).
More analytically, the BCR complex consists of an antigen-binding subunit known as the membrane immunoglobulin (mIg), which is composed of two immunoglobulin light chains (IgLs) and two immunoglobulin heavy chains (IgHs) as well as two heterodimer subunits of Ig-α and Ig-β. In order for mIgM molecules to transport to the surface of the cell, there must be a combination of Ig-α and Ig-β with the mIgM molecules. Pre-B cells that do not generate any Ig molecule normally carry both Ig-α and Ig-β to the cell surface.
Heterodimers may exist in the B cells as either an association or combination with another pre B cell-specific proteins or alone, thereby replacing the mIgM molecule. Within the BCR, the part that recognizes antigens is composed of three distinct genetic regions, referred to as V, D, and J. All these regions are recombined and spliced at the genetic level in a combinatorial process that is exceptional to the immune system. There are a number of genes that encode each of these regions in the genome and can be joined in various ways to generate a wide range of receptor molecules. The production of this variety is crucial since the body may encounter many more antigens than the available genes. Through this process, the body finds a way of producing multiple different combinations of antigen-recognizing receptor molecules. Heavy chain rearrangement of the BCR entails the initial steps in the development of B cell. The short JH (joining) and DH (diversity) regions are recombined first in early pro-B cells in a process that is dependent on the enzymes RAG2 and RAG1. After the recombination of the D and J regions, the cell is now referred to as a “late pro-B” cell and the short DJ region can now be recombined with a longer segment of the VH gene.
BCRs have distinctive binding sites that rely on the complementarity of the surface of the epitope and the surface of the receptor, which often occurs by non-covalent forces. Mature B cells can only survive in the peripheral circulation for a limited time when there is no specific antigen. This is because when cells do not meet any antigen within this time, they will go through apoptosis. It is notable that in the peripheral circulation, apoptosis is important in maintaining an optimal circulation of B-lymphocytes. In structure, the BCR for antigens are almost identical to secreted antibodies. However, there is a distinctive structural dissimilarity in the C-terminal area of the heavy chains, as it consists of a hydrophobic stretch that is short, which spreads across the lipid bilayer of the membrane.
Signaling pathways of the B cell receptor
Schematic representation of the B cell receptor signaling pathways. Aggregation of the BCR quickly activate Src family kinases, including Blk, LYN, and FYN and the SYK and BTK tyrosine kinases. As such, the process catalyzes the formation of a ‘signalosome’ that consists of the aforementioned tyrosine kinases, the BCR and the adaptor proteins, for instance, BLNK and CD19, as well as signaling molecules, such as P13K, PLCy2, and VAV.
There are several signaling pathways that the B cell receptor can follow through. The physiology of B cells is intimately connected with the function of their B cell receptor. The BCR signaling pathway is initiated when the mIg subunits of the BCR bind a specific antigen. The initial triggering of the B cell receptor is similar for all receptors of the non-catalytic tyrosine-phosphorylated receptor family. The binding event allows phosphorylation of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in the associated Igα/Igβ heterodimer subunits by the tyrosine kinases of the Src family, including Blk, Lyn, and Fyn.
Multiple models have been proposed how BCR-antigen binding induces phosphorylation, including conformational change of the receptor and aggregation of multiple receptors upon antigen binding. Tyrosine kinase Syk binds to and is activated by phosphorylated ITAMs and in turn phosphorylates scaffold protein BLNK on multiple sites. After phosphorylation, downstream signalling molecules are recruited to BLNK, which results in their activation and the transduction of the signal to the interior.
#IKK/NF-κB Transcription Factor Pathway: CD79 and other proteins, microsignalosomes, go to activate PLC-γ after antigen recognition by the BCR and before it goes to associate into the c-SMAC. It then cleaves PIP2 into IP3 and DAG (diacylglycerol). IP3 acts as a second messenger to dramatically increase ionic calcium inside the cytosol (via release from the endoplasmic reticulum or influx from the extracellular environment via ion channels). This leads to eventual activation of PKCβ from the calcium and DAG. PKCβ phosphorylates (either directly or indirectly) the NF-κB signaling complex protein CARMA1 (the complex itself comprising CARMA1, BCL10, and MALT1). These result in recruitment and summoning of the IKK (IkB kinase), TAK1, by several ubiquitylation enzymes also associated with the CARMA1/BCL10/MALT1 complex. MALT1 itself is a caspase-like protein that cleaves A20, an inhibitory protein of NF-κB signaling (which acts by deubiquitylating NF-κB's ubiquitylation substrates, having an inhibitory effect). TAK1 phosphorylates the IKK trimer after it too has been recruited to the signaling complex by its associated ubiquitylation enzymes. IKK then phosphorylates IkB (an inhibitor of and bound to NF-κB), which induces its destruction by marking it for proteolytic degradation, freeing cytosolic NF-κB. NF-κB then migrates to the nucleus to bind to DNA at specific response elements, causing recruitment of transcription molecules and beginning the transcription process.
# Ligand binding to the BCR also leads to the phosphorylation of the protein BCAP. This leads to the binding and activation of several proteins with phosphotyrosine-binding SH2 domains. One of these proteins is PI3K. Activation of PI3K leads to PIP2 phosphorylation, forming PIP3. Proteins with PH (Pleckstrin homology) domains can bind to the newly created PIP3 and become activated. These include proteins of the FoxO family, which stimulate cell cycle progression, and protein kinase D, which enhances glucose metabolism. Another important protein with a PH domain is Bam32. This recruits and activates small GTPases such as Rac1 and Cdc42. These, in turn, are responsible for the cytoskeletal changes associated with BCR activation by modifying actin polymerisation.
The B cell receptor in malignancy
The B cell receptor has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of various B cell derived lymphoid cancers. Although it may be possible that stimulation by antigen binding contributes to the proliferation of malignant B cells, increasing evidence implicates antigen-independent self-association of BCRs as a key feature in a growing number of B cell neoplasias. B cell receptor signalling is currently a therapeutic target in various lymphoid neoplasms. It has been shown that BCR signaling is synchronised with CD40 pathway activation provided by B-T cell interactions, and this seems to be essential to trigger proliferation of leukemic B cells. |
Introduction
The Bangladeshi Cinema, better known as Dhallywood, is the Bengali-language film industry based in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It has often been a significant film industry since the early 1970s. The dominant style of Bangladeshi cinema is melodramatic cinema, which developed from 1947 to 1990 and characterizes most films to this day. Cinema was introduced in Bangladesh in 1898 by the Bradford Bioscope Company, credited to have arranged the first film release in Bangladesh. Between 1913 and 1914, the first production company, Picture House, was opened. A 1928 short silent film titled Sukumari was the first Bengali-produced film in the region. The first full-length film, The Last Kiss, was released in 1931.
Following the separation of Bangladesh from Pakistan, Dhaka became the center of the Bangladeshi film industry, and has generated the majority share of revenue, production and audiences for Dhallywood films. Mukh O Mukhosh, the first Bengali-language full-length feature film, was produced in 1956. During the 1970s, many Dhallywood films were inspired by Indian films, with some of the films being unofficial remakes of those films. The industry continued to grow, and many successful Bangladeshi films were produced throughout the 1970s, 1980s and the first half of the 1990s.
Directors such as Fateh Lohani, Zahir Raihan, Alamgir Kabir, Khan Ataur Rahman, Subhash Dutta, Ehtesham, Chashi Nazrul Islam, Kazi Hayat, Sheikh Niamat Ali, Tauquir Ahmed, Tanvir Mokammel, Tareque Masud, Morshedul Islam, Humayun Ahmed, Rubaiyat Hossain, Mostofa Sarwar Farooki, Abul Bashar Sohel, and others have made significant contributions to Bangladeshi mainstream cinema, parallel cinema, and art films. Some have also won global acclaim.
History
Origin
On 28 December 1895, the Lumière brothers began commercial bioscope shows in Paris, with the first bioscope shows of the Indian subcontinent occurring the following year, including one in Calcutta and another at the Crown Theatre in Dhaka. The Bradford Bioscope Company of Calcutta arranged the show, which featured very short news items and other short features including footage of the jubilee of Queen Victoria, battles between Greek and Turkish forces, and the French underground railway. The price of a ticket to the show was an expensive eight anas to three taka. Bioscope shows continued to be shown throughout the region, including in Bhola, Manikganj, Gazipur, Rajbari, and Faridpur. These became the first films ever to be released in Bangladesh.
The first seeds of Bengali cinema were sown by Hiralal Sen, a native of Bogjuri who is considered a stalwart of Victorian era cinema. Sen founded a company named The Royal Bioscope Company in 1898, producing scenes from the stage productions of a number of popular shows at the Star Theater, Minerva Theater, and Classic Theater in Kolkata. He pioneered film-making in the Calcutta in 1901, and shot footage in his home region. This was the first filming of what is now the nation of Bangladesh.
At the time when Calcutta-based film production houses were forming, East Bengal cinema halls were showing films produced in Calcutta, Bombay, Madras, Hollywood, and Paris. Sequential bioscope shows were started in Dhaka in 1913–14 in a jute store. It was named Picture House, becoming the first theater to be built in present-day Bangladesh.
Silent era
The Madan Theatre started making films in Calcutta in 1916. The first Bengali feature film, Billwamangal, was produced and released in 1919 under the banner of the Madan Theatre. The movie was directed by Rustomji Dhotiwala and produced by Priyonath Ganguli, the son of a nawab estate of Dhaka. A Bengali film organization named the Indo British Film Co was soon formed in Calcutta under the ownership of Dhirendra Nath Ganguly, a relative of Rabindranath Tagore. Ganguly directed and wrote Bilat Ferat in 1921. The film was the first production of the Indo British Film Co. The Madan Theatre production of Jamai Shashthi was the first Bengali talkie directed by Amar Choudhury.
In 1927–28, the Dhaka nawab family produced a short film named Sukumari. The film's producers included Khaza Adil, Khaza Akmol, Khaza Nasirulla, Khaza Azmol, Khaza Zohir, Khaza Azad, Soyod Shahebe Alom, and professor Andalib Shadini. They wanted to make a film with their own actors and without the help of a studio. The male lead was played by Khaza Nosrulla, and the female lead was played by a male actor named Syed Abdus Sobhan owing to laws against the depiction of women in film. Nosrulla went on to become a politician and Sobhan became the first Bengali secretary of the Pakistan Central Civil Service. One still picture of Sukumary is kept in Bangladesh Film Archive.
After the success of Sukumari, the royal family went for a bigger venture. To make a full-length silent film, a temporary studio was made in the gardens of the family, and they produced a full-length silent film titled The Last Kiss, released in 1931. The main actor was Khaza Azmol. The physical teacher of Jagannath College, Ambujgupta, directed the film and made the Bengali and English subtitles for it. Professor Andalib Shadani of the Dhaka University made the Urdu subtitles. The Last Kiss was released in the Mukul Hall of Dhaka. Historian Dr. Romesh Chondro Mojumder started the premier show of the film. The print of the film was taken to the Aurora Company of Calcutta for bigger presentation. The developers of the film wanted to make Dhaka unique in art, literature and cinema and named their production house “Dhaka East Bengal Cinematograph Society”. It was the first film-producing organization of Bangladesh.
Early development
Pakistan era
By 1947, there were around 80 cinemas in Bangladesh.After the partition of India in 1947, there were efforts to turn Dhaka into East Bengal's cultural center, with various individuals like Abbasuddin Ahmed creating short-lived film production companies in the city. In March 1948, when the Governor-General of Pakistan Mohammad Ali Jinnah came to visit East Pakistan, the radio broadcaster and filmmaker Nazir Ahmed was commissioned to create the informational film In Our Midst with the help of Calcutta-based film technicians. It was the first informational film of Bangladesh.
1950s
Two years after the creation of the Bengali Language Movement in 1952, the film-making company Co-operative Film Makers, Ltd. was formed in Dhaka under the leadership of Shohidul Alam, Abdul Jabbar Khan, and Kazi Nuruzzaman. The company produced Salamot under the direction of Nazir Ahmed. The film was commercially successful and allowed the company to grow. In 1955, during the rule of the United Front, Chief Secretary N.M. Khan created a film studio and laboratory in Dhaka's Tejgaon Thana. The first full-length feature film with sound made in East Pakistan was The Face and the Mask, which was directed by Abdul Jabbar Khan and released on 3 August 1956. Editing, printing and all other film processing for this movie were done in Lahore, Pakistan. Abdul Jabbar directed and starred in the film, which also starred Inam Ahmed, Purnima Sen, and Nazma.
Akash Ar Mati
"The East Pakistan Film Development Corporation Bill, 1957", establishing a national film development corporation, was introduced by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the founding father of Bangladesh. The bill was passed in the East Bengal Provincial Assembly, and Nazir Ahmed was appointed as the first creative director.
Initially, the East Pakistan Film Development Corporation allowed only specific directors to make films. Fateh Lohani directed the rural art film Asiya, the first film produced by the East Pakistan Film Development Corporation, with Nazir Ahmed supervising the production. Asiya received the President Award for best Bangla film in 1961. Other early films released by the East Pakistan Film Development Corporation include Akash Ar Mati, a song film directed by Fateh Lohani in 1959.
A. J. Kardar directed the Bengali-Urdu film The Day Shall Dawn in 1959, with Zahir Raihan working as the assistant director. The film was based on the 1936 Bengali novel Padma Nadir Majhi by Bengali novelist Manik Bandopadhyay. It was an internationally acclaimed movie. The film was submitted as the Pakistani entry for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film at the 32nd Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee. It was also entered into the 1st Moscow International Film Festival, where it won a Golden Medal.
The establishment of the East Pakistan Film Development Corporation led to the growth of the East Bengal film industry and gave rise to three prominent studios: the Popular Studio, Bari Studio, and Bengal Studio. Prominent directors Abdul Jabbar Khan, Fateh Lohani, Ehtesham, and Mohiuddin worked with these studios. Notable films from these directors include Matir Pahar (1959) by Mohiuddin and E Desh Tomar Amar by Ehtesham. The East Pakistan Film Development Corporation's own films sometimes struggled to achieve financial success.
1960s
During the late 1960s, 20-35 films were produced every year. Fateh Lohani's Asiya and Ehtesham's Rajdhanir Buke were both positively reviewed by critics. In addition to directing, Lohani also acted in a number of East Bengali films throughout the 1960s, including Tanha, Agun Niye Khela and Julekha. Other notable directors of the 1960s include Salahuddin, who made a number of social drama films like Je Nodi Morupothe, and Khan Ataur Rahman, who directed Nawab Sirajuddaula. Rahman was also an actor and a singer, and featured in Kokhono Asheni (1961), Kancher Deyal (1963).
Zahir Raihan was a star director of East Bengali cinema in the 1960s, and directed films like Kokhono Asheni (1961), Shangam (The first Pakistani colour film), and Jibon Theke Neya. Jibon Theke Neya, a political satire based on the Bengali Language Movement under the rule of Pakistan, is considered a classic of Bangladeshi cinema.
Some notable actors from the 1960s include Rahman, Sumita Devi, Khan Ataur Rahman, Rawshan Jamil, Anwar Hossain, Anwara Begum, Golam Mustafa, Abdur Razzak, Kabori Sarwar, Shabana, Farida Akhter Bobita, Farooque, Shabnam, Shawkat Akbar, Rosy Samad, Baby Zaman, and Kohinoor Akhter Shuchanda. The most well-known Bangladeshi actor to date had been Abdur Razzak, who was deemed the Nayok Raaj Rajjak by his fans. He started his career as a side actor in 1965 and became a leading actor in 1967. Abdur Razzak and Kabori Sarwar was the most popular pair from 1967 to the 1970s.
After independence
1970s
A total of 41 films were released in 1970, including Shorolipi by Nazrul Islam, Taka Ana Paay and the Jibon Theke Neya by Zahir Raihan.
Jibon Theke Neya, considered a milestone film in the history of Bengali cinema, was a political satire based on the Bengali Language Movement under the rule of Pakistan. It stars Shaukat Akbar, Anwar Hossain, Khan Ataur Rahman, Rawshan Jamil, Abdur Razzak, Kohinoor Akhter Shuchanda, Amjad Hossain and Rosy Samad. The film has been described as an example of "national cinema", using discrete local traditions to build a representation of the Bangladeshi national identity. Other significant works of 1970 were Mishor Kumari of Karigir, Tansen of Rafiqul Bari, Bindu Theke Britto of Rebeka, Binimoy of Subhash Dutta, Kothay Jeno Dekhechi of Nizamul Hoque.
Only 6 Bengali films and two Urdu films made in East Bengal were released in 1971 before the Bangladesh Liberation War. Some notable social drama films include Nacher Putul by Ashok Ghosh, Sritituku Thak by Alamgir Kumkum, and Shukh Dukkho by Khan Ataur Rahman.
Following the outbreak of the Bangladesh Liberation War, Raihan made the documentary Stop Genocide to draw attention to the plight of the people of East Bengal. It was one of the first internationally acclaimed films of Bangladesh.
In December 1971, the East Pakistan Film Development Corporation changed its name to the Bangladesh Film Development Corporation, which had the only major film studio and colour lab of the Bangladeshi film industry until the 2010s. Most Bangladeshi films were produced from this studio. Production quantity continued to increase after Bangladesh gained its independence; by the 1990s, over 90 films per year were released. At that time, the film department was under the leadership of Abdul Jabbar Khan. The Bangladeshi film industry was successful both critically and commercially through the first half of the 1990s.
Many Bangladeshi movies of the 1970s were about the war. The first full-length feature film of independent Bangladesh was Ora Egaro Jon released in 1972. The movie was directed by Chashi Nazrul Islam. Other filmmakers who made critically acclaimed war films in the 1970s include Alamgir Kabir, Chashi Nazrul Islam, and Subhash Dutta. Three of Kabir's feature films are featured in the "Top 10 Bangladeshi Films" critics' choice list by the British Film Institute. His films include Dhire Bohe Meghna, Shurjo Konya, Shimana Periye, Rupali Shoykte, Mohona, Porinita and Mohanayok. Other notable directors in the 1970s include Narayan Ghosh Mita, Abdullah al Mamun, Johirul Haque, and Amjad Hossain. Haque's Rongbaaj was one of the first commercial action films of Bangladesh.
After independence, one of the first international acclaimed film was A River Called Titas released in 1973, directed by prominent Indian Bengali director Ritwik Ghatak and starring Prabir Mitra in the lead role. Titash Ekti Nadir Naam topped the list of 10 best Bangladeshi films in the audience and critics' polls conducted by the British Film Institute in 2002. Some other notable films of 1970s include Joy Bangla of Fakrul Alom; Lalon Fokir of Syed Hasan Imam; Obhuj Mon of Kazi Jhohir; Shongram by Chashi Nazrul Islam, Arunodoyer Agnishakkhi, Bashundhara by Subhash Dutta; Alor Michil, Lathial by Narayan Ghosh Mita; Megher Onek Rong by Harunur Rashid; Golapi Ekhon Traine by Amjad Hossain; Sareng Bou by Abdullah al Mamun; Oshikkhito by Azizur Rahman; The Father by Kazi Hayat, and Surjo Dighal Bari by Sheikh Niamat Ali and Moshiuddin Shaker. Surjo Dighal Bari was a critically acclaimed movie and it re-introduced Bangladeshi films to the international audience. The movie was based on a novel of the same name by Abu Ishaque. In 1975, the government started a national film award, as well as a donation fund for creative films.
1980s
The 1970s and 1980s were a golden era for Bangladeshi film industry commercially and critically. At this time, a lot of actors and actresses enjoyed popularity, including Abdur Razzak who was the most successful actor commercially during this period, as well as Kabori Sarwar, Shabana, Farida Akhter Bobita, Farooque, Shabnam, Kohinoor Akhter Shuchanda, Alamgir, Sohel Raana, Amol Bose, Bulbul Ahmed, Zafar Iqbal, Wasim, Ilias Kanchan, Jashim, Rozina, Parveen Sultana Diti, Champa and others.
In the 1980s most of the Bangladeshi commercial films were influenced in film-making, style and presentation by Indian movies, mostly Hindi movies from Maharashtra. But many of the films were original or adaptation from literary works. Some notable original and adapted films include, Chhutir Ghonta by Azizur Rahman; Emiler Goenda Bahini by Badal Rahman; Shokhi Tumi Kar, Akhoni Shomoy by Abdullah Al Mamun; Lal Shobujer Pala, Obichar by Syed Hasan Imam; Koshai, Jonmo Theke Jolchi, Bhat De by Amjad Hossain; Devdas, Chandranath, Shuvoda by Chashi Nazrul Islam; Smriti Tumi Bedona by Dilip Shom; Mohona, Porinita by Alamgir Kabir; Boro Bhalo Lok Chhilo by Mohammad Mohiuddin; Puroshkar by C.B Zaman; Maan Shomman by A.J Mintu; Nazma, Shokal-Shondha, Fulshojja by Subhash Dutta; Rajbari by Kazi Hayat; Grihilokkhi by Kamal Ahmed; Dahan by Sheikh Niamat Ali; Shot Bhai by Abdur Razzak; Ramer Shumoti by Shahidul Amin; Rajlokkhi-Srikanto by Bulbul Ahmed; Harano Shur by Narayan Ghosh Mita; Dayi Ke by Aftab Khan Tulu; Tolpar by Kabir Anowar and Biraj Bou by Mohiuddin Faruk.
The parallel cinema movement was officially started from this decade, though there were many off-track movies were made of different genres from the 60s. But the 80s movies were strictly commercial influenced by Indian Hindi commercial films, so there was a necessity of a realism and naturalism cinema movement. The movement was started by Alamgir Kabir. From this movement some intellectual filmmakers came such as, Tanvir Mokammel, Tareque Masud and Morshedul Islam.
1990s
In the 1990s most of the Bangladeshi movies were dominated by mainstream commercial movies. There were many successful films produced in this time.
In 1990s, definition of Bangla mainstream commercial movies had changed, because most of the movies were very much influenced by commercial Indian Hindi movies and most of them were direct copies from those Indian commercial Hindi films full with action, dance, song and jokes. In the 1990s some new directors and actors came to the industry. Intellectual Directors such as Tanvir Mokammel, Tareque Masud, Morshedul Islam, Humayun Ahmed, Nasiruddin Yousuff, Akhtaruzzaman and Mustafizur Rahman made some critically and internationally acclaimed films at that time. Two of Tanvir Mokammel's feature films are featured in the "Top 10 Bangladeshi Films" list by British Film Institute's critics choice.
Most successful male actors during this time was Alamgir, Jashim, Ilias Kanchan, Nayeem, Salman Shah and Manna who gained success through the film Danga (1991) and continued sting of successful films until his death his in 2008, such as Shesh Khela, Khol Nayok, Dhar, Ammajan, Koshto, Bir Soinik, Kabuliwala (film) etc. Other notably successful actors are Riaz who was noted for his film Praner Cheye Priyo in 1997 and continued to star in commercially successful films in the 2000s, and Omar Sani (noted for Coolie in 1997) among others.
Among success female actors were Shabana, Champa, Dolly Johur, Suchorita, Shabnaz. Some notable films from this decade include Padma Nadir Majhi by Indian director Goutam Ghose, Padma Meghna Jamuna by Chashi Nazrul Islam, Pita Mata Sontan and Banglar Bodhu by A. J. Mintu, Aguner Poroshmoni and Srabon Megher Din by Humayun Ahmed, Desh Premik by Kazi Hayat, Anya Jibon by Sheikh Niamat Ali, Poka Makorer Ghor Bosoti by Akhtaruzzaman, Dukhai by Morshedul Islam, Hothat Brishti by Indian director Basu Chatterjee and Chitra Nodir Pare by Tanvir Mokammel.
21st century
Bangladesh Film Development Corporation main gate in 2011
2000s
During the 2000s, most Bangladeshi films underperformed commercially and Bangladesh produced about 100 low-budget movies a year. Viewership of Bangladeshi films in general dropped, and the industry was criticized for producing low-quality films whose only appeal was that of cheap melodrama.
After a drastic decline in the 2000s, the Bangladeshi film industry tried to bounce back after 2006–07. With the help of the Bangladeshi Government and the emergence of big production companies, the Bangladeshi film industry started growing slowly.
Riaz Receiving National Award 2008 from Prime minister Sheikh Hasina in 2010.
Among the successful films that released in the 2000s are Ammajan, Premer Taj Mahal, Wrong Number, Shasti, Shyamol Chhaya, Hridoyer Kotha, Daruchini Dwip, Monpura, Priya Amar Priya, Koti Takar Kabin, Chacchu, Khairun Sundori, Amar Praner Swami, Pitar Ason, Tumi Swapno Tumi Shadhona, Mone Prane Acho Tumi, Amar Shopno Tumi, Bolbo Kotha Bashor Ghore, among others. Besides critically acclaimed films like Kittonkhola, Lalsalu, Hason Raja ,Matir Moyna, Bachelor, Joyjatra, Hajar Bachhor Dhore, Ghani and Chandragrohon were produced in this decade. Most of the successful films during this period starred Manna (until his death in 2008) followed by Shakib Khan, Riaz, and Ferdous Ahmed. Leading female actors included Moushumi, Shabnur, Popy and Champa.
2010s
Since 2012, Bangladesh has developed several big production and distribution companies, such as Monsoon Films, Jaaz Multimedia and Tiger Media Limited and the films produced by them have been doing better business than others for their large budget and glamorous appearance. Four of the top ten highest grossing Bangladeshi films were released in the 2010s. In 2014 India's Reliance Entertainment Limited had expressed their interest in producing Bangladeshi films. However, the Bangladesh Film Corporation didn't respond due to the ban on Indian films in Bangladesh. Another notable film was released in the year 2010 named " Jaago " directed by one of the prominent and young director named Khijir Hayat Khan. And "Jaago" is the first sports-based film in Bangla Cinema. Top actors during this period included Shakib Khan, as well as Ananta Jalil, Arifin Shuvo, Bappy Chowdhury, Symon Sadik, Jayed Khan.
2020s
In 2020s, a new wave of cinema is going through Bangladeshi film industry. Started during Covid-19 pandemic, ott consumption increased largely in the country. New Bangladeshi platforms like Chorki and Binge became popular. Films like Poran, Hawa, Operation Sundarbans, Damal became box office hits. New wave directors include Abdullah Mohammed Saad, Mejbaur Rahman Sumon, Syed Ahmed Shawki, Ashfaque Nipun, Sanjoy Somadder, Tanim Noor, Robiul Alom Robi and many more.
International recognition of Bangladeshi cinema
Internationally acclaimed Bangladeshi films include, Zahir Raihan's Stop Genocide; Ritwik Ghatak's A river called Titas; Sheikh Niamat Ali and Moshiuddin Shaker's Surja Dighal Bari; Tanvir Mokammel's Hooliya, Nadir Naam Modhumati Quiet Flows the River Chitra, Lalsalu and Lalon; Morshedul Islam's Agami, Chaka, Dipu Number Two, Dukhai, Duratta and Amar Bondhu Rashed; Tareque Masud's The Inner Strength, Song of Freedom, Story of Freedom and The Clay Bird; Humayun Ahmed's Aguner Poroshmoni and Shyamol Chhaya; Abu Sayeed's kittonkhola, Shankhonad, Rupantor; Enamul Karim Nirjhar's Aha!; Golam Rabbany Biplob's On the Wings of Dreams; Mostofa Sarwar Farooki's Bachelor, Third Person Singular Number, Television and No Bed of Roses; Tauquir Ahmed's Joyjatra and Oggyatonama; Rubaiyat Hossain's Meherjaan and Under Construction; Kamar Ahmad Simon's Shunte Ki Pao! (Are You Listening!); Zahidur Rahim Anjan's Meghmallar; Aung Rakhine's My Bicycle; Bijon Imtiaz's Matir Projar Deshe-Kingdom of Clay Subjects, Amitabh Reza Chowdhury's Aynabaji etc. These films won many international acclaims introducing Bangladeshi films to a wide international audiences. The late Tareque Masud is regarded as one of Bangladesh's outstanding directors due to his numerous productions on historical and social issues. Masud was honored by FIPRESCI at the Cannes Film Festival in 2002 for his film The Clay Bird.
Government support
The government of Bangladesh played a huge role in the re-emergence of Bangladeshi films. The Bangladesh Film Development Corporation was established as an assistance hub for Bangladeshi cinema. The government also spends about $1 million annually for the development of Bangladeshi parallel cinema and art cinema. Bangladesh Awami League, the present government, spent more than $10 million in 2012 and 2014–15 for the modern technical supports in Bangladeshi cinema.
Film production and distribution house
There are more than 100 production houses in the Bangladeshi film industry, but few have managed to be successful in the market. Such production houses and distribution houses have helped Bangladeshi movies to reach a national and international platform, releasing films and distributing them to audiences overseas. Some well-known production houses in the Bangladeshi cinema include, Impress Telefilm, Khona Talkies, SK Films, Monsoon Films, Jaaz Multimedia, Tiger Media Limited, The Abhi Pictures, Fatman Films, Bongo BD,
Important figures
Directors
Actors
Actresses
Films
Notable films
Classics
Sukumari-The good girl
The Last Kiss
The Face and the Mask
The Day Shall Dawn
The Sky and The Earth
The Clay Hill
Asiya
Kokhono Asheni
Shonar Kajol
Kancher Deyal-The Glass Wall
Shangam
Bahana
Behula
Anowara
Nawab Sirajuddaula
Dui Bhai-Two Brothers
Seven Brothers Champak
Jibon Theke Neya
Ora Egaro Jon
A River Called Titas
Quiet Flows the river Meghna
Shimana Periye
Sareng Bou
Surjo Dighal Bari
Chhutir Ghonta (Holiday Hours)
Emiler Goenda Bahini
Devdas
Shuvoda
Rajlokkhii Srikanto
Shonkhonil Karagar
Ekattorer Jishu (Jesus of '71)
Aguner Poroshmoni
Dipu Number Two
Hangor Nodi Grenade
Quiet Flows the River Chitra
A Rainy Day of the Month Srabon
Lalsalu (A Tree without roots)
The Punishment
Hajar Bachhor Dhore
Shyamol Chhaya (The Green Shade)
Shuva
Meherjaan
My Friend Rashed
Shunte Ki Pao! (Are You Listening!)
Live From Dhaka
Cult films
The Day Shall Dawn
Behula
Nawab Sirajuddaula
Dui Bhai-Two Brothers
Seven Brothers Champak
Jibon Theke Neya
11 Warriors
Arunodoyer Agnishakkhi
Quiet Flows the river Meghna
Alor Michil
Megher Onek Rong
Shimana Periye
Chhutir Ghonta (Holiday Hours)
Emiler Goenda Bahini-Emil and the Detectives
Devdas
Boro Bhalo Lok Chhilo
Hooliya (Wanted)
The Gypsy Girl
Nodir Naam Modhumoti
Shonkhonil Karagar
Ekattorer Jishu (Jesus of '71)
The Boatman on The River Padma
Aguner Poroshmoni
Song of Freedom
Dukhai
Quiet Flows the River Chitra
Story of Freedom
Kittonkhola
The Clay Bird
Journey to Victory
Shyamol Chhaya (The Green Shade)
Homeland-The Inner Journey
On the Wings of Dreams
Shunte Ki Pao! (Are You Listening!)
Live From Dhaka
Modern era films
Dui Duari
Lalsalu (A Tree without roots)
The Clay Bird
Lalon
Duratta (The Distance)
Journey to Victory
Shyamol Chhaya (The Green Shade)
Homeland-The Inner Journey
On the Wings of Dreams
Aha!
Monpura
Third Person Singular Number
Britter Baire
Dark Resonance
Jaago
Meherjaan
Quicksand
Lal Tip
Shunte Ki Pao! (Are You Listening!)
Television
Ant Story
Faand: The Trap
Agnee
Taarkata
Checkmate
Desha: The Leader
Glow of the Firefly
Brihonnola
Hitman
U-turn
Gangster Returns
Live From Dhaka
Under Construction
Angaar
Sweetheart
Full Length Love Story II
Musafir
Ostitto
Niyoti
Samraat: The King Is Here
Shikari
Bossgiri
Oggatonama
Aynabaji
Bhuban Majhi
Nabab
Dhaka Attack
No Bed of Roses
Debi
Shopner Ghor
Password
Nolok
Shapludu
Iti, Tomari Dhaka
No Dorai
Commercial successes
The Face and the Mask
The Day Shall Dawn
The Sky and The Earth
The Clay Hill
Behula
Nawab Sirajuddaula
Dui Bhai-Two Brothers
Seven Brothers Champak
Story of Life
11 Warriors
A River Called Titas
Quiet Flows the river Meghna
Shimana Periye
Sareng Bou
Surjo Dighal Bari
Chhutir Ghonta (Holiday Hours)
Emiler Goenda Bahini
Devdas
The Gypsy Girl
Chakor
Aguner Poroshmoni
Dipu Number Two
Coolie
Shanto Keno Mastan
Kukkhato Khuni
Monpura
Number One Shakib Khan
Most Welcome
PoraMon
My Name Is Khan
Nishwartha Bhalobasa
Full Length Love Story
The Kingdom
Agnee
Faand: The Trap
Hero: The Superstar
Most Welcome 2
Hitman
Checkmate
Romeo vs Juliet
Chuye Dile Mon
Love Marriage
Full Length Love Story II
Musafir
Samraat: The King Is Here
Shikari
Mental
Bossgiri
Aynabaji
Nabab
Dhaka Attack
Jannat
Password
Nolok
Hawa (2022)
Poran (2022)
Damal (2022)
Major events
Festivals
Dhaka International Film Festival
Bangladesh Short Film Forum
International Short and Independent Film Festival
International Children's Film Festival
Awards
Bachsas Film Awards – since 1972
National Film Awards – since 1975
Meril Prothom Alo Awards – since 1998
Babisas Award – since 2004
Ifad Film Club Award – since 2012
Lux Channel I Performance Award
Green Bangla Binodon Bichitra Performance Award
Film education
Bangladesh Film And Television Institute
International Academy of Film and Media (IAFM), partner of the event International Student Award organised by UniFrance
Department of Film and Television (Under Jagannath University)
Television and Film Studies (Under University of Dhaka)
Graphics Design & Multimedia, BA(Hons.) (Shanto-Mariam University of Creative Technology (SMUCT)
Film and Media Studies, BA(Hons.), Film and Media Studies, MA (Under Stamford University Bangladesh)
Multimedia & Creative Technology (Under Daffodil International University)
Department of Film, Television and Digital Media (FTDM) (Under Green University of Bangladesh)
Department of Media and Communication (Under Independent University, Bangladesh)
Bangladesh Film Institute (Past) and Bangladesh Film Institute (Present)
Moviyana Film Society
Bangladesh Film and Television Academy
Pathshala Cinema Department
Bangladesh Film School |
Introduction
"Kick, Push" is the first single released from Lupe Fiasco's debut album, Lupe Fiasco's Food & Liquor. It was written by Lupe Fiasco and Soundtrakk, who also produced the song. It describes a love story between a male and a female misfit skateboarders. It has been referred to as "a needle in hip hop's haystack of complacent songs."
Lupe Fiasco has clarified, "...I'm not a skater and I don't want to keep putting on the faces of people who've been skating for 20 years and actually lived out "Kick, Push".
The song's backing track is built around a sample of the instrumental intro of the 1982 song "Bolero Medley" by Filipina singer Celeste Legaspi.
Awards and accolades
"Kick, Push" was nominated for Grammy Awards in 2007 for Best Rap Solo Performance and Best Rap Song. It lost the first to T.I.'s "What You Know", and the second to Ludacris' "Money Maker". It was listed at #15 on Pitchfork Media's "The Top 100 Tracks of 2006" list and was also voted #72 on About.com's Top 100 Rap Songs.
Remixes and freestyles
The official remix of the song features Pharrell, it was included the CD single of his 3rd single, "Daydreamin'".
Drake made his own remix of the song and featured it on his 2006 mixtape Room for Improvement.
Chamillionaire also released a freestyle titled The Greatest on his Mixtape Messiah 4.
Young Buck did a short Remix of the Song on the mixtape RBK Artist Spotlight Vol. 1.
Bassnectar has also released a remix of this song.
Track listing
*CD: 1
#"Kick, Push"
#"Tilted" (non-album track)
CD: 2
#"Kick, Push"
#"Spazz Out" (non-album track)
#"Kick, Push" (MyTone ringtone)
#"Kick, Push" (Video)
12" Vinyl
#"Kick, Push" (album version)
#"Kick, Push" (instrumental)
#"Kick, Push" (a cappella)
#"Titled" (non-album track)
Charts
Chart (2006)
Peakposition
Australia (ARIA)
66
Soundtrack appearances
Lupe Fiasco performed the song on the TV show One Tree Hill.
Kick, Push was featured on the soundtrack of EA Sports NBA Live 07.
Titled was featured on the soundtrack of Need for Speed: Most Wanted and NBA Live 06.
It was featured on the soundtrack of Tony Hawk's Downhill Jam. |
Introduction
The Kaohsiung Fisherman's Wharf was a wharf in Gushan District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Today it is Kaohsiung Port Warehouse No. 2 (KW2), a multi-functional space combining cultural creative industries, exhibitions and dining.
History
The wharf was originally the number 2 port of the port of Kaohsiung. Its previous function was exporting bananas, wood and steel. However, because of the transformation of economy and container automation, the function of the port declined gradually.
The government promotes the tourism industry in these years, so the number 2 port had the chance to become a sightseeing wharf, combining seaside scenery and food. The name of the wharf became a more cultural one as the Kaohsiung Fisherman's Wharf. Nowadays, it has become one of Kaohsiung's scenic spots, following the successful step of Urban Spotlight Arcade and Love River.
The lease of Kaohsiung Fisherman's Wharf was terminated on October 28, 2011
In 2018, Kaohsiung Port Warehouse No. 2 (KW2, ), the former Kaohsiung Fisherman's Wharf, has been reimagined and repurposed to combine cultural creativity, dining, and exhibition spaces within a completely open port area.
File:棧二庫.jpg|Kaohsiung Port Warehouse No. 2 (KW2)
File:高雄歷史新基地 棧貳庫 KW2.jpg|Kaohsiung Port Warehouse No. 2 (KW2)
Transportation
The wharf is accessible within walking distance south east of Sizihwan Station of Kaohsiung MRT. |
Introduction
Cardines Field is a baseball stadium located at 20 America’s Cup Avenue in Newport, Rhode Island. It is believed to be one of the oldest ballparks in the United States and has been called "a small urban gem of a ballpark". The field serves as a buffer between the residential and commercial sections of an older part of Newport. The oddly shaped outfield fence and dimensions are created by the close proximity of residential housing, while the spectator side of the park is contained by America's Cup Avenue and West Marlborough Street. Originally called Basin Field, references to the field can be found as early as 1893. At that time, the property was used by local railroads as a drainage and supply basin for steam engines. Complaints from neighbors about the stagnant water and mosquitoes prompted the drainage of the basin area, permitting baseball to be played. A local historical debate continues as to whether baseball was played prior to 1900, making Cardines one of the oldest existing ballparks in the country, or if play didn't begin until 1908, the earliest documented proof of stadium construction.
The Basin Field ballpark was later renamed for Bernardo Cardines, a Newport baseball player who was Newport's first citizen to die in World War I. Today, the ballpark continues to be the home of the historic Sunset League, as well as the Newport Gulls of the New England Collegiate Baseball League.
History
Built for unofficial sandlot baseball games by railroad workers from the adjacent Old Colony Division of the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad Line, the field hosted many barnstorming all-stars, including Negro league teams like the Baltimore Elite Giants, Boston Royal Giants and the New York Black Yankees. Satchel Paige once played at Cardines. The original backstop dates back to as early as 1908, when the city organized its first six-team league at the park.
Cardines Field is a smaller cousin of other notable ballparks of that era, such as Ebbets Field, Fenway Park and Wrigley Field, with a stone facade and wooden bleachers with unique outfield angles. The exterior's elliptical arches reflect the facade of the original Yankee Stadium.
In 1936, the city of Newport took over ownership. Stone and concrete bleachers were built along the third-base line by the Works Progress Administration (WPA) in 1936-1937. The plaque at the entrance that reads "1937" refers to this date. The current grandstand was built by the WPA following the devastating hurricane of 1938. The distinctive curving grandstand section behind home plate was built in 1939. Over the coming decades, the park continued to grow through construction projects to increase capacity, eventually creating the patchwork, overlapping stadium seen today.
During World War II, many former professional ball players were stationed at Naval Station Newport. Many of these players, including Yogi Berra, Phil Rizzuto, and Bob Feller participated in Newport's George Donnelly Sunset League, an amateur league formed in 1919. Wednesday night all-star games drew thousands and required construction of temporary bleachers in the outfield. The Sunset League was named because games began at 5:30 p.m. and ended at dusk, prior to the addition of lights at the park. It is the oldest continuous amateur baseball league in the country. With black players such as Larry Doby and Luke Easter, the Sunset League was integrated several years before Jackie Robinson joined the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947. The league continues today as key chapter of Cardines' history.
Current tenants
The Sunset League still plays a full schedule throughout the summer, though the park's lighting system now permits games to go well beyond dusk. The field is home to baseball games for Rogers High School, Newport's Babe Ruth League, the historic Sunset League, Newport's American Legion team, Salve Regina University, Naval Academy Preparatory School and the Newport Gulls of the New England Collegiate Baseball League. In the January 18, 2004 edition of Baseball America, Cardines Field was chosen as one of the top five locations in America to play college summer baseball, in response to the jump in reputation the Gulls brought to the park.
Newport Gulls era
Newport Gulls playing the Bristol Blues during a NECBL game.
While most teams playing at Cardines average attendance in the dozens or, at most, a few hundred per game, the Newport Gulls, since moving to Newport in 2001, have helped to bring the field back to its former glory days of the mid-20th century, attracting hundreds of fans every night. During the 2004 regular and playoff seasons alone, the Gulls attracted over 50,000 fans through just 26 home games, often with sellout crowds. Following the 2010 season, the Gulls set a team and NECBL record for regular season home attendance, totaling 45,683 after 21 games.
Renovations
Renovation work began in 2000 with funds from a matching $500,000 grant from the state Department of Environmental Management and the formation of the Friends of Cardines Field Foundation. In recent years, the grandstands, concession operation, and bathrooms have been renovated as part of the project, along with the addition of a state-of-the-art field lighting system. The winter of 2005 - 2006 saw the entire outfield and infield replaced among other improvements, including the addition of a fully functional drainage system and new outfield fence, all at the cost of an additional half million dollars.
The Newport Gulls also have necessitated the expansion of concession equipment, in addition to the renovation of a team office, storage rooms, souvenir stand, ticket booth, scoreboard, and public address system, much of which has been covered by the ongoing restoration project led by the city's Parks and Recreation Department, the Gulls former ownership, and Roger Williams University Professor Jeffery Staats. The most recent improvements have been to upgrade the stadium's broadcasting abilities, with the addition of high speed Internet and phone lines, camera positions, and a control room below the pressbox for use by the Tigers TV Crew, the volunteer production crew who work with the Gulls to produce games.
The park today has changed drastically in upkeep and appearance from that of the recent past. As early as a decade ago, some in the city of Newport had proposed for a then dilapidated Cardines Field to be demolished in order to expand parking in the cramped downtown area, a mere block in each direction from the waterfront to the West, commercial and tourist center to the South, and world-famous historical district to the East.
Future projects at Cardines include: concluding outfield fence replacement via a state grant, widening and lengthening of the hockey-style side-by-side dugouts, the additions of a locker room and an umpire's room, and further restoration of bleachers, framework, trim, and other facets. The removal of a large, rundown private warehouse which makes up the right field foul line has been discussed for some time, though no official plans have been announced. |
Introduction
The Brave Little Toaster is a 1980 novella by American writer Thomas M. Disch intended for children or, as put by the author, a "bedtime story for small appliances". The story centers on a group of five household appliances—a tensor lamp stand, an electric blanket, an AM radio alarm clock, a vacuum cleaner and a toaster—on their quest to find their original owner referred to as the Master.
Plot summary
The story opens with a description of five members of a family of minor home appliances left in the cottage, listed from oldest to youngest. They are each given a personality. As the oldest, the vacuum cleaner is steady and dependable, the plastic AM radio alarm clock, the yellow electric blanket (cheerful), the tensor lamp stand (somewhat neurotic whether it, as an incentive from a savings bank, was better than a store-bought equivalent) and the sunbeam toaster (bright). The cottage itself is on the northernmost edge of an immense forest and the appliances have grown used to seasonal use, with some of the master's other appliances (such as the black and white television set, the blender, the oral irrigator, the telephone, the stereo system and the world clock) annually returning to the city with their master each Labor Day.
One spring day, after "two years, five months, and thirteen days" without the master, though, the appliances begin to suspect they have been abandoned. A few months later, the toaster tells the others "We need people to take care of, and we need people to take care of us and retells the story of an abandoned dog who had accidentally been left behind in a summer cottage, like themselves, but still "found his way to his master, hundreds of miles away". The appliances plan to do the same as soon as they can all travel safely together. Although the hoover, while being strong and self-propelled, could take the other appliances, it still needed a source of power other than the wall outlet.
Their transportation needs are solved by fitting an old metal office chair with casters from the bed upstairs and rigging it with an old automotive battery from the Volkswagen Beetle to power the hoover, who will tow the other appliances. Suitably equipped, they set out through the woods since, even though the highway would otherwise be faster, "whenever human beings are observing them they must remain perfectly still."
During their first afternoon in the woods, the appliances stop to rest in a meadow after a brief rainstorm. The toaster is surprised by a daisy who speaks only in verse ("daisies, being among the simpler flowers, characteristically employ a rough sort of octosyllabic doggerel") to declare its love for the toaster, having fallen in love with its reflection in the toaster's chrome side. As the toaster excuses itself to rejoin its appliance friends, the daisy begs the toaster to "Pluck me and take me where you're bound. / I cannot live without you here: / Then let your bosom be my bier." Shocked, the toaster leaves the daisy in the ground and returns to the appliances, where the blanket folds itself into a tent to shelter the others.
The next night the appliances run into Harold and Marjorie, married squirrels. The squirrels and appliances have an awkward encounter when the squirrels first ask what gender the appliances are (they aren't), followed by an exchange of inappropriate jokes which neither group find funny. During the night, another rainstorm blows the blanket into the trees above, where it is stuck until the squirrels help it down the following morning. To thank the squirrels for their help, the toaster roasts some nuts, and the blanket plugs into the battery to dry out and warm the squirrels.
After leaving the squirrels, the journey of the appliances comes to an abrupt stop at the unexpected obstacle of a wide river. The hoover suffers a panic attack and starts chewing its own cord, calming down only after the toaster led the hoover back and forth across the grassy bank of the river in regular carpet-sweeping swathes. The appliances consult a map and discovering how close they are now to the city where their master lives, excitedly hatch a plan to follow the river until they find a bridge to cross it and then, as the toaster explains, "when it's very late and there's no traffic, we can make a dash for it!" Once they begin their search for a crossing, the chair overturns after one leg gets stuck in mud and one caster comes off.
As the appliances search for the lost caster, the blanket discovers a boat, which the hoover declares they will use to cross the river. The toaster objects, saying this makes them no better than pirates, who "are the bane of an appliance's existence, since once an appliance has been spirited away by a pirate, it has no choice but to serve its bidding just as though it were that appliance's legitimate master. ... Truly, there is no fate, even obsolescence, so terrible as falling into the hands of pirates." As the toaster continues to argue with the other four appliances, who have already boarded the boat, the owner of the boat returns and, thinking that whoever had placed the appliances in the boat was intending to steal his boat, decides to retaliate by stealing the appliances instead. After taking the battery off to saving it, the pirate throws the office chair into the river, then takes them to his home across the river at the City Dump.
The Dump itself is likened to a graveyard for defective and obsolescent appliances, a horrible vision of rusted junk and broken parts. The pirate reviews the condition of each appliance and declares them junk one-by-one, discarding all save the radio, which he takes into his shack. Outside the shack, the appliances hatch a plan to frighten the pirate so they can rescue the radio, who has been playing cheerful tunes, in what the toaster believes is a deliberate attempt to keep them optimistic, especially since one of the songs was "I Whistle a Happy Tune", the toaster's favorite. The appliances outside also find a baby buggy in good repair, which they plan to use to complete their journey.
They pose as a ghost, with the blanket shrouding the toaster, perched atop the hoover. It makes ghostly noises to lure the pirate out of his shack, and at the instant he looks at the hooded figure, the lamp turns on and the pirate sees his face reflected in the toaster's chrome side. The pirate, upon seeing his corrupted reflection, concludes the ghost is "the kind that understand exactly who we are and knows all the wrong things we've done and intends to punish us for them" and flees in terror. Before he returns, the appliances escape in the buggy to where their master lives, only a mile or so from the Dump.
At the apartment on Newton Avenue, the appliances are greeted by their appliance friends, old and new, where they learn the master has not returned to the cottage because of his new companion (referred to as "the mistress"), who has caused them to move their vacations from the cottage, "where there is bound to be ragweed and pollen and such" which would exacerbate the mistress's hay fever, to the seaside, and further, the master intends to sell the cottage, along with the appliances inside. While deciding what to do next, the five appliances spend the night in the apartment, where the Singer sewing machine repairs the rips in the blanket and the toaster tells the tale of their long journey.
The next afternoon, with the five appliances freshly cleaned, they listen to the radio program The Swap Shop, which advertises the five appliances are available if "you should have a real and genuine need for all five of these fine appliances, since their present owner wants them to be able to stay together. For sentimental reasons!" It is the toaster's final plan to help the group of five, and the first to call is "an elderly, impoverished ballerina" from Center Street who trades five black-and-white kittens for the five appliances. Although the mistress is allergic to cat fur, she decides to take more antihistamines and keep the cats. The five appliances "lived and worked, happy and fulfilled, serving their dear mistress and enjoying each other's companionship, to the end of their days."
Development
The second publication cover, art by Karen Lee Schmidt
The story first appeared as a novella in the August 1980 issue of The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction. Although appearing in a general circulation magazine, the story was written in the style of a children's fable. It was one of the most popular science fiction and fantasy stories of the early 1980s and nominated for both a Hugo Award and a Nebula Award for Best Novella. It also won a Locus Award, Seiun Award and British SF Association Award. It was later published as a book in May 1986.
Disch said that he was unable to publish the story as a children's book at first, because publishers thought the concept of talking appliances was too "far-fetched", even after Disch had sold it to Disney as a film; Doubleday finally published it as a part of a five-book contract.
Reception
The Brave Little Toaster was well received by critics. Anna Quindlen, while writing for The New York Times, called it "a wonderful book for a certain sort of eccentric adult. You know who you are. Buy it for your children; read it yourself" and also suggested that the book lacked a clearly defined audience.
Awards and honors
+
Year
Category
Award
Result
1980
Best Short Fiction
BSFA
won
Best Novella
Nebula
nominated
1981
Best Novelette
Locus
won
Best Novella
Hugo
nominated
Short Fiction
Balrog
nominated
1982
Foreign Short Story
Seiun
won
Film adaptations and sequels
John Lasseter learned about the novella from a friend and convinced Tom Wilhite to purchase the movie rights in the early 1980s for Disney. Lasseter pitched a 30-second clip, featuring traditional two-dimensional cel animation with three-dimensional computer-generated backgrounds to Disney executives in 1983, but was told that since the cost and time savings over an animated movie made through traditional methods were negligible, they were not interested in pursuing the project. As Lasseter recalled years later, he had gone around some of his direct superiors in his enthusiasm to pitch the project, making enemies in doing so, and he was fired from Disney ten minutes after his pitch was rejected. The Disney Newsreel, an internal newsletter, highlighted the work of Lasseter and Glen Keane in June 1983, describing the process of animating scenes from Where the Wild Things Are as a test for the future Brave Little Toaster movie.
In 1987, the novel was adapted by Disch and Joe Ranft as a conventionally animated film under Hyperion Pictures, which was founded by Wilhite. The film contains many differences from the book but is essentially the same story, although the ending differs. In the novel, the appliances trade themselves away to an old ballerina who needs them, while in the film, they are reunited with their former master (named "Rob" in the film).
Disch later wrote a sequel titled The Brave Little Toaster Goes to Mars in which the Brave Little Toaster and his companions travel to Mars to stop an invasion from hostile appliances who have a colony there. This too was made into a film. There was also a third film in the series named The Brave Little Toaster to the Rescue, which is set chronologically between the two books, but is not based directly on one.
Printed versions
;Novella
(magazine publication)
(Italian translation)
(French translation)
(paperback anthology with French translation)
(Japanese translation)
(paperback anthology with German translation)
(hardcover anthology reprint of novella)
(paperback anthology reprint of novella)
(paperback anthology with Italian translation)
;Chapter books
(book publication)
(UK book publication) UPC 780246 130808
Film adaptations
The Brave Little Toaster, 1987 (adaptation of the novel)
The Brave Little Toaster Goes to Mars, 1998 (adaptation of the novel)
The Brave Little Toaster to the Rescue, 1999 (not based on printed work)
Characters
; The Brave Little Sunbeam Two-Slice Toaster: A gallant sunbeam pop-up two-slice toaster.
; The Tensor Desk Lamp Stand: A tensor gooseneck desktop lamp stand that shines a bright light from his light bulb.
; The Cheerful Yellow Electric Blanket: A shy electric blanket with a childlike manner.
; The AM Radio Alarm Clock: An off-white plastic vacuum-tube-based prototype amplitude modulation radiotelegraphic alarm clock.
; The Trusty Old Hoover Vacuum Cleaner: A big, strong hoover upright vacuum cleaner.
; The Daisy: A daisy who can only speak in verse. She mistakes her reflection in the toaster as her male counterpart and falls in love.
; Harold and Marjorie: A pair of squirrels whom the appliances meet in the forest. They help the blanket out of a tree after being blown away in a storm. They are unable to comprehend the idea of appliances or the fact that they have no gender, although they are fascinated by the blanket's warmth and the toaster's ability to roast acorns.
; The Pirate: A man who finds the appliances (just as they are about to use his boat to cross a river). He takes them back to the city dump by throwing all of the appliances, except the Radio, into the heap. The toaster plans an escape for them all by having the four of them pretend to be a ghost and scare the man away.
; The Master: The former owner of the five appliances, whom they all revere. The appliances eventually learn that he has a mistress, and that they spend their holidays out at sea instead of the cottage because of the woman's hay fever. They also learn that the cottage will be sold and they will each be auctioned off soon. Coming to terms with having fulfilled their duty for the master, they look for a new home where they will be needed and can stay together.
; The Ballerina: A woman who trades the appliances on a radio show for her kittens. |
Introduction
Broadway station is a subway station in Boston, Massachusetts. It serves the MBTA's Red Line. It is located at the intersection of Dorchester Avenue and Broadway in South Boston. It was opened on December 15, 1917, as part of the Dorchester Extension from Downtown Crossing (formerly Washington station) to Andrew. The station has a single island platform to serve the two tracks.
History
Railroad stations
South Boston station in 1913
The Old Colony Railroad was built along the west edge of South Boston next to the Bass River in 1845. South Boston station was opened just south of the Dover Street (West 4th Street) bridge by the late 1860s. The New York and New England Railroad (NY&NE) had its own South Boston station on the Midland Branch, located at West 1st Street near B Street. In use around the 1880s, it was closed no later than 1896, when Midland Branch service was rerouted to the Old Colony terminal during construction of South Station.
Both the Old Colony and the NY&NE were absorbed by the New Haven Railroad in the 1890s as the Old Colony Division and Midland Division. By 1915, South Boston station was primarily served by Boston– (Shawmut Branch) service, plus a small number of Midland Division trains and Old Colony Division trains to/from or points south. The station closed around the time that Broadway station opened, though it reopened briefly in July 1919 during a strike that shut down subway and streetcar service.
Construction
An original tiled mosaic station sign
After the Cambridge Tunnel was completed between Harvard and Park Street in 1912, work began to extend the line south to Dorchester. Rather than being opened all at once, the second section was opened station-by-station as soon as possible due to popularity. Extensions opened to Washington (Downtown Crossing) in 1915, South Station Under in 1916, and to Broadway on December 15, 1917. Broadway was the southern terminus of the line until Andrew opened on June 29, 1918. With the exception of Park Street - which was built with three platforms to handle crowds - Broadway was the only station on the original Cambridge-Dorchester Tunnel with an island platform (rather than two side platforms) in order to facilitate transfers through its three levels. Not until the aboveground Columbia and Savin Hill stations opened in 1927 were there other island platforms used on the line.
Broadway station was originally built as a three-level station, with six stairways to allow easy transfer between streetcars and subway trains. Some streetcars stopped at a surface-level platform, others in a tunnel segment just below ground, while subway trains used the lowest-level tunnel. Each level consisted of two tracks and an island platform. The street-level platform served streetcars that ran from the Tremont Street Subway to City Point and South Boston via the Pleasant Street Portal and Broadway, on the route 9 streetcar line. Buses replaced the single line to Bay View (which originally used the middle-level tunnel segment) in 1929, but the City Point line lasted until March 1, 1953 before being bustituted.
Renovations
The 1980s renovation modified the near headhouse and added the far entrance
In the mid-1980s, the MBTA spent $80 million to extend the platforms of seven underground Red Line stations and three Orange Line stations to allow the use of six-car trains. Contracts for Broadway and three other stations were awarded on December 18, 1985, with a groundbreaking held on February 13, 1986. The Broadway work cost $7.9 million, with the platform extended by . Six-car trains entered service on January 21, 1988. A new entrance east of Dorchester Avenue opened on February 16, 1988, and the project was completed on October 26, 1989. Elevators were installed during the project, making Broadway one of the first older stations on the system to be modified for accessibility.
As part of the Arts on the Line program, two works of public art were installed:
Domestic Objects & Tools of the Trade by Jay Coogan: 60 enameled steel sculptures suspended over the platform stairs
200 engraved ceramic tiles by students at the nearby St. Brigid's School
Broadway was a proposed stop on the Urban Ring – a circumferential bus rapid transit (BRT) line designed to connect the existing radial MBTA rail lines to reduce overcrowding in the downtown stations. Under draft plans released in 2008, a westbound stop was to be located on the Broadway Bridge approach west of Dorchester Avenue, with the eastbound stop adjacent to the main station headhouse. The project was cancelled in 2010
The MBTA plans to add a third headhouse with two elevators at the southwest corner of Dorchester Avenue and West 4th Street, which will provide redundant elevator access to the station. The existing elevators will also be rebuilt. A $6.6 million design contract for Broadway and was awarded in April 2020. Design reached 30% in 2021, with 75% expected in spring 2022.
Streetcar tunnel
Foundry Street Portal in early 2012
The middle-level streetcar tunnel ran from a portal on Foundry Street south to another in the median of Dorchester Avenue. Service lasted for under two years' time, until October 14, 1919 - just after Andrew opened - since Andrew provided more convenient service to South Boston and eliminated unprofitable running on an industrial section of Dorchester Avenue. The Dorchester Avenue portal was filled in December 1941, but much of the tunnel still exists.
The streetcar tunnel saw several adaptive reuses. In the 1930s, the Boston Elevated Railway attempted to grow mushrooms in the tunnel, and in the 1980s it was used to test tactile platform edging for blind passengers. The 1985-built fare lobby occupies a section of the old streetcar platform and tunnel. After the September 11th attacks focused attention on infrastructure safety preparedness, the MBTA used the tunnel to train firefighters to respond to a burning train.
In mid 2012, the MBTA started construction on an $10 million emergency training center located in the old streetcar tunnel, to replace the previous equipment. The $8.8 million facility, paid for with Department of Homeland Security funding, includes two Blue Line and one Green Line cars plus a Silver Line bus. The first Blue Line car was lowered into the Foundry Street Portal by crane in September 2012. The facility opened on June 12, 2013. |
Introduction
The Dutch Hockey Hall of Fame located in the Netherlands serves to honor those individuals that have contributed to the sport of ice hockey in the Netherlands. |
Introduction
Map of the Mediterranean region around the time of the writing of the Teaching of Jacob
The Teaching of Jacob, has a controversial dating from the early 7th century to the late 8th century. A Greek Christian polemical tract supposedly set in Carthage in 634 but written in Palestine sometime between 634 and 640. It supposedly records a weeks-long discussion ending on July 13, 634, among Jews who have been forcibly baptized by order of the emperor. One of them, Jacob, has come to believe sincerely in Christianity; he instructs the rest about why they should also sincerely embrace their new faith. Halfway through, a Jewish merchant named Justus arrives and challenges Jacob to a debate. In the end, all of the participants are convinced to embrace Christianity, and Jacob and Justus return east. In addition to several partial Greek manuscripts, the text survives in Latin, Arabic, Ethiopic and Slavonic translations.
Content
The text provides one of the earliest external accounts of Islam, presenting a significantly different Islamic historiography than found in traditional Islamic texts. It also shows Jacob comparing the Byzantine Empire to the fourth beast of the prophecy of Daniel from Judeo-Christian eschatology. Although not unfamiliar imagery, it is part of a series of Byzantine literature, from the early stages of the Islamic religion, of trying to reconcile Islam with the apocalyptic vision. Further examples of this are contained in the pseudo-Athanasian's Quaestiones ad Antiochum ducem, and the Quaestiones et responsiones attributed to Anastasius of Sinai.
It records a prophet in Arabia who was waging war. According to Crone, who has presented a highly disputed account of the period, the document contradicts the notion in Islamic tradition that the prophet Muhammad was dead at the time of the conquest of Palestine but agrees with some traditions of other peoples of the time.
:When the candidatus i.e., Sergios, commander of the Byzantine army in Palestine was killed by the Saracens, I was at Caesarea and I set off by boat to Sykamina. People were saying "the candidatus has been killed," and we Jews were overjoyed. And they were saying that the prophet had appeared, coming with the Saracens, and that he was proclaiming the advent of the anointed one, the Christ who was to come. I, having arrived at Sykamina, stopped by a certain old man well-versed in scriptures, and I said to him: "What can you tell me about the prophet who has appeared with the Saracens?" He replied, groaning deeply: "He is false, for the prophets do not come armed with a sword. Truly they are works of anarchy being committed today and I fear that the first Christ to come, whom the Christians worship, was the one sent by God and we instead are preparing to receive the Antichrist. Indeed, Isaiah said that the Jews would retain a perverted and hardened heart until all the earth should be devastated. But you go, master Abraham, and find out about the prophet who has appeared." So I, Abraham, inquired and heard from those who had met him that there was no truth to be found in the so-called prophet, only the shedding of men's blood. He says also that he has the keys of paradise, which is incredible.
Academic commentaries on the work
"What is significant here is the possibility that Jews and Arabs (Saracens) seem to be allied together during the time of the conquest of Palestine and even for a short time after"
"This document is plausibly one of the most archaic elements of the Islamic tradition, its agreement with the earliest external accounts of the origins of Islam is highly significant"
"To be sure, the picture given in the Doctrina Iacobi seems garbled, and many of its details disagree with the traditional account (for example, in seeming to describe the prophet as leading the armies of the Saracens himself). ... Yet one could hardly expect a Byzantine source from this early and turbulent period to get all the details right. Even later, most Byzantine sources displayed gross misunderstanding of matters Islamic, just as Muslim sources generally did of matters Byzantine." – Colin Wells. |
Introduction
Jean-Philippe RameauLes Boréades is a tragédie lyrique mise en musique, or a lyric tragedy put into music, a type of opera, in five acts by Jean-Philippe Rameau (1683-1764). It is the last of his five such works. The libretto, attributed to Louis de Cahusac (1706–1759), is loosely based on the Greek legend of Abaris the Hyperborean and includes Masonic elements; the Boréades are the descendants of Boréas.
Background
There were no known performances of this opera in Rameau's lifetime. The work was in rehearsal in 1763 at the Paris Opéra, probably for a private performance at the court at Choisy. It is not known why the performance was abandoned, though many theories have been put forward, including that factions at court fought over it, the music was too difficult, there were subversive plot elements, and that the Opéra was burnt down in the month of rehearsals. The first known performance of the work was in 1770 in a concert performance at Lille. J. J. M. Decroix had collected Rameau's works after the composer's death, and thus ensured survival of this score. The Bibliothèque Nationale housed the collected works, including various manuscripts related to this opera.
Modern performance history
The first modern performance of the work was by the ORTF in 1964 on 16 September 1964 (celebrating the 200th anniversary of Rameau's death) at the Maison de la Radio in Paris, recorded for broadcast the following month; the cast included Christiane Eda-Pierre and Andre Mallabrera. It owes its modern revival to the conductor John Eliot Gardiner, who gave a concert version of the piece (in which Trevor Pinnock played harpsichord continuo) at the Queen Elizabeth Hall, London, on 14 April 1975, for which he had prepared the orchestral material from the original manuscripts over the preceding year. In July 1982, Gardiner gave the first fully staged performance with Catherine Turocy, choreographer, and her New York Baroque Dance Company at the Aix-en-Provence Festival. Since then, the opera's reputation and popularity have grown considerably. In 2020, the Czech baroque orchestra Collegium 1704 led by conductor Václav Luks toured Europe with a concert production of the opera (Vienna, Moscow, Versailles); a complete recording featuring Caroline Weynants, Deborach Cachet, Benedikt Kristjánsson, Mathias Vidal, and Benoît Arnould, was released in the same year by the label Château de Versailles Spectacles. The recording won the French award Trophées for the best opera recording of the year.
Roles
Role
Voice type
Premiere cast(unperformed in Rameau's lifetime)
Alphise
soprano
Sémire
soprano
Borilée
baritone
Calisis
haute-contre
Abaris
haute-contre
Adamas
baritone
A nymph
soprano
L'Amour (Cupid)
soprano
Polymnie (Polyhymnia)
soprano
Boréas
bass
Apollon
baritone
Pleasures, Graces, Apollo's priests, Bactrian people, Seasons,Zephyrs, Subterranean Winds (chorus)
Synopsis
Alphise, Queen of Bactria, is in love with Abaris, whose origins are unknown. According to the traditions of her country, Alphise must marry a Boread, one of the descendants of Boreas, the god of the North Wind. Determined to marry Abaris, Alphise abdicates, angering Boreas who storms into the wedding and abducts Alphise to his kingdom. With the help of Apollo and the muse Polyhymnia, Abaris sets off to rescue her. He challenges Boreas and his sons with a magic golden arrow. Apollo descends as deus ex machina and reveals that Abaris is really his son by a Boread nymph. Therefore, there is no longer any obstacle to Abaris and Alphise's marriage.
Recordings
The opera has no entry in Francis Clough and G. J. Cuming's World's Encyclopedia of Recorded Music, which documents most significant classical recordings of the electrical 78 RPM era, but the first recording of an excerpt is likely to have been one of the relatively few such disks omitted from that publication: pianist Marie Novello's performance of "Gavottes pour les Heures from Act IV", recorded on March 1, 1927 and issued as one side of HMV 10" 78 RPM record no. B 2592, labeled simply "Gavotte."
Complete recordings from the modern era include:
Erato (1982 recording): Monteverdi Orchestra and Choir; John Eliot Gardiner, conductor.
Opus Arte DVD (2004 recording); Les Arts Florissants/Opéra National de Paris, William Christie, conductor.
Château de Versailles Spectacles (2020 recording), Collegium 1704, Václav Luks, conductor. |
Introduction
Illinois Route 242 is a north–south state highway in southern Illinois that runs from Illinois Route 142 in McLeansboro north to Illinois Route 15 in Wayne City. The route serves as a spur of Illinois Route 142, which runs north–south from Mount Vernon to Equality. Route 242 also connects two east–west trunk routes, Illinois Route 14 and Illinois 15. Route 242 passes through the counties of Hamilton and Wayne. The highway is maintained by the Illinois Department of Transportation.
Route description
Southern terminus of Route 242 in McLeansboro
Route 242 begins at an intersection with Route 142 in McLeansboro, Hamilton County; this intersection is near Route 14, which runs through McLeansboro to the south. The route heads north from McLeansboro into McLeansboro Township, passing through farmland with scattered houses. It runs through South Crouch Township before entering Crouch Township. Route 242 passes to the east of Belle Prairie City before crossing into Wayne County. The highway enters Orel Township in Wayne County and intersects Interstate 64 in the unincorporated community of Mayberry. Route 242 heads northwest from Mayberry before turning north toward Wayne City. The highway terminates in Wayne City at a junction with Route 15.
History
A route between McLeansboro and Wayne City was marked on Illinois road maps in 1922. The road which is now Route 242 was designated in 1924 as Illinois Route 142A between McLeansboro and Wayne City, along a more westerly path through Belle Prairie City. Route 142A was first numbered on the 1929 Illinois state highway map. The route was moved to its current route in 1931. By 1942, the road was renumbered as Illinois Route 147, and it became part of Route 142 in 1946. The road became Route 242 by 1977.
Major intersections
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Introduction
The 28th International 500-Mile Sweepstakes Race was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway on May 30, 1940. The winner was Wilbur Shaw in the same Maserati 8CTF he had driven to victory in 1939. Shaw became the first driver in the history of the race to win in consecutive years. It also marked Shaw's third win in four years, making him the second three-time winner of the race. Shaw's average speed was 114.277 mph, slowed by rain which caused the last 50 laps to be run under caution. Shaw took home $31,875 () in prize winnings, plus additional prizes that included a car and a refrigerator.
Fourth place finisher Ted Horn was flagged due to the rain shower after completing only 199 laps - one lap short of the full distance. This marked the only blemish on his noteworthy record of nine consecutive races completing every lap. He eventually completed 1,799 out of a possible 1,800 laps from 1936 to 1948.
The top four starting positions finished in the top four places, albeit in shuffled order.
Results
Finish
Start
No
Name
Qual
Rank
Laps
Led
Status
1
2
1
Wilbur Shaw
127.065
2
200
136
Running
2
1
33
Rex Mays
127.850
1
200
59
Running
3
3
7
Mauri Rose
125.624
3
200
5
Running
4
4
3
Ted Horn
125.545
4
199
0
Flagged
5
10
8
Joel Thorne
122.434
20
197
0
Flagged
6
20
32
Bob Swanson
124.882
6
196
0
Flagged
7
7
9
Frank Wearne
123.216
12
195
0
Flagged
8
5
31
Mel Hansen
124.753
7
194
0
Flagged
9
8
16
Frank Brisko
122.716
16
193
0
Flagged
10
31
49
René Le Bègue René Dreyfus(Approx. laps 51-100 and 151-192)
118.981
33
192
0
Flagged
11
15
41
Harry McQuinn
122.486
19
192
0
Flagged
12
22
25
Emil Andres
122.963
15
192
0
Flagged
13
14
28
Sam Hanks
123.064
13
192
0
Flagged
14
16
6
George Barringer
121.889
22
191
0
Flagged
15
26
42
Joie Chitwood
121.757
25
190
0
Flagged
16
18
26
Louis Tomei
119.980
32
190
0
Exhaust pipe
17
27
34
Chet Miller(Relieved by Henry Banks laps 148-189)
121.392
27
189
0
Flagged
18
32
14
Billy Devore(Relieved by George Connor laps 107-181)
122.197
21
181
0
Flagged
19
28
44
Al Putnam
120.818
28
179
0
Flagged
20
33
61
Floyd Davis(Relieved by Lou Webb laps 27-57)(Relieved by George Connor laps 58-59)(Relieved by Lou Webb laps 60-157)
120.797
30
157
0
Flagged
21
13
35
Kelly Petillo
125.331
5
128
0
Bearing
22
25
21
Duke Nalon
121.790
24
120
0
Rod
23
23
17
George Robson
122.562
18
67
0
Shock absorber
24
12
24
Babe Stapp(Started in substitute for Shorty Cantlon)(Relieved by Tony Willman)(Relieved by Doc Williams laps 13-64)
123.367
11
64
0
Oil line
25
19
36
Doc Williams
122.963
14
61
0
Oil line
26
17
10
George Connor
124.585
8
52
0
Rod
27
6
5
Cliff Bergere
123.673
10
51
0
Oil line
28
29
38
Paul Russo
120.809
29
48
0
Oil leak
29
21
54
Ralph Hepburn
123.860
9
47
0
Steering
30
30
58
Al Miller
120.288
31
41
0
Clutch
31
11
19
Russ Snowberger
121.564
26
38
0
Water pump
32
9
27
Tommy Hinnershitz
122.614
17
32
0
Crash FS
33
24
29
Raúl Riganti
121.827
23
24
0
Crash T2
Note: The race was run under caution from lap 150 to 200 due to rain.
Alternates
First alternate: Tony Willman
Failed to qualify
George Bailey (#56) - Fatal accident
Henry Banks (#39)
Shorty Cantlon (#24) - Replaced by Babe Stapp
Wesley Crawford (#62)
Port DeFraties
René Dreyfus - drove two stints of relief for René Le Bègue during the race
Louis Durant
Ira Hall (#47)
Bill Lipscomb
Louis Unser - Passed driver's test
Lou Webb
Freddy Winnai (#59) |
Introduction
Memorial to Herbert Brewer in Gloucester Cathedral
Sir Alfred Herbert Brewer was an English composer and organist. As organist of Gloucester Cathedral from 1896 until his death, he contributed a good deal to the Three Choirs Festival for 30 years.
Life
Brewer lived in Gloucester his whole life. He was the organist at two of its churches, and also founded the city's choral society in 1905. He had been a Gloucester Cathedral chorister in his boyhood, and began his organ studies there under C. H. Lloyd. He was educated at the Cathedral School, Oxford and was the first organ scholar at the Royal College of Music. He matriculated at Exeter College, Oxford in 1884.
In December 1896 he succeeded C. Lee Williams (1852-1935) as organist and choirmaster of Gloucester Cathedral. His pupils there included Ivor Novello, Ivor Gurney and Herbert Howells. Although his professional career was spent in the provinces, his three decades of involvement in planning and organising the Three Choirs Festival brought him into contact with a wide range of composers and other artistic figures both from Britain and the continent, including Robert Bridges, Edward Elgar, Glazunov, H Rider Haggard, Hubert Parry, Arthur Quiller-Couch, Ravel, Saint-Saëns and Sibelius. In 1913 Brewer was entrusted with conducting the premiere of Sibelius's tone-poem for soprano and orchestra, Luonnotar, Op. 70. The soloist was Aino Ackté.
Brewer was knighted in 1926. His memoirs, Memories of Choirs and Cloisters, were published posthumously in 1931.
Music
As a composer, Brewer was fairly conservative. His output includes church music of all types, cantatas, songs, instrumental works, and orchestral music. Grove divides the works into those with "serious aspirations", such as the cantatas Emmaus and The Holy Innocents, and lighter pieces including Three Elizabethan Pastorals for voice and orchestra (Hereford, 1906), Summer Sports, a suite for chorus and orchestra (Gloucester, 1910), and the song cycle Jillian of Berry, which "represent him more favourably". 'The Fairy Pipers' was his most popular song, and it was taken up and recorded by Clara Butt between 1917 and 1921.
The greater part of his life was devoted to the advancement of the standards of ecclesiastical music. Some of his church music has been recorded on the Priory label. His Magnificat and Nunc dimittis in D major are in the standard repertoire of Anglican church music. An organ work, Marche Héroïque, is also revived from time to time (and was heard at the televised 1979 funeral of Lord Mountbatten).
Works
Organ works
Meditation on the name of BACH
Solitude
An impression
Elegy
Introduction and Fugato
Marche héroïque
Reverie
A Thanksgiving Processional
'Carillon' (Mvmt 3 from A Little Organ Book)
Interlude in F
Eventide
Cloister Garth
Paean of Praise
Canzonetta
Praeludium in Eb
Choral works
Emmaus, cantata (1901)
The Holy Innocents, cantata (1904)
Bow down Thine ear, O Lord
Brothers in Arms a marching song, words by H. Godwin Chance (1914)
Fear Not, O Land
God is our hope and strength
Let the people praise thee
I heard the bells
Magnificat and Nunc dimittis in D
Magnificat and Nunc dimittis in E flat
Magnificat and Nunc dimittis in F
Magnificat and Nunc dimittis in A
Transcriptions for organ of Elgar's works
Prelude and "Angel's Farewell", from The Dream of Gerontius, Op. 38
In the South, Op. 50
Chanson de Matin, Op. 15/1
Chanson de Nuit, Op. 15/2
Orchestral
Three Elizabethan Pastorals for voice and orchestra (1906)
Summer Sports, suite for chorus and orchestra (1910)
Song
The Fairy Pipers, text Frederic Weatherly
Jillian of Berry, song cycle (1921)
Miller’s Green, song cycle (1921)
A Sprig of Shamrock: Four Old Irish Airs, song cycle (1925), text F W Harvey |
Introduction
The 27th International 500-Mile Sweepstakes Race was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway on May 30, 1939. The race was won by the number two car of Wilbur Shaw, who started in the third position, driving a Maserati 8CTF. The race was notable for a three car accident on lap 109, when Floyd Roberts, the reigning champion, was killed when his car went through the wooden outer wall at over an hour at the backstretch. In Louis Meyer's final Indy 500, he too would crash at the backstretch at over an hour, but he walked away unharmed.
Time trials
Ten-lap qualifying runs were eliminated for 1939, and the distance reverted to four-lap (10 mile) runs. This change was made permanent, and four-lap runs have been used ever since.
Floyd Roberts crash
With Roberts on lap 109, the car driven by Bob Swanson lost control and went sideways. Roberts' car contacted Swanson's, causing Swanson's car to eject Swanson, flip over, and catch fire, while Roberts' car went through the outer wall. Attempting to avoid the accident, Chet Miller swerved into the debris field. His car flipped, and went into the inner wall. Two spectators were also injured by flying debris. The three drivers were taken to hospitals, while it took over 30 minutes to clear the burning wreck of Swanson's car from the track. Roberts death due to brain injuries was announced before the race was completed.
First rear-engined car
George Bailey became the first driver to compete with a rear-engined car in the Indianapolis 500 when he contested the 1939 race in a Gulf-Miller.
Results
Finish
Start
No
Name
Qual
Rank
Laps
Led
Status
1
3
2
Wilbur Shaw
128.977
4
200
51
Running
2
1
10
Jimmy Snyder
130.138
1
200
65
Running
3
10
54
Cliff Bergere
123.835
15
200
0
Running
4
4
4
Ted Horn
127.723
6
200
4
Running
5
16
31
Babe Stapp
125.000
12
200
0
Running
6
15
41
George Barringer
120.935
28
200
0
Running
7
20
8
Joel Thorne
122.177
23
200
0
Running
8
8
16
Mauri Rose
124.896
13
200
0
Running
9
17
14
Frank Wearne
125.074
11
200
0
Running
10
33
26
Billy Devore
116.527
33
200
0
Running
11
27
62
Tony Gulotta
121.749
24
200
0
Running
12
2
45
Louis Meyer
130.067
2
197
79
Crash BS
13
12
18
George Connor
123.208
19
195
0
Stalled
14
26
51
Tony Willman
122.771
21
188
0
Fuel pump
15
30
58
Louis Tomei
118.426
30
186
0
Flagged
16
19
15
Rex Mays
126.413
7
145
1
Rings
17
9
9
Herb Ardinger
124.125
14
141
0
Clutch
18
24
35
Kelly Petillo
123.660
16
141
0
Pistons
19
14
49
Mel Hansen
121.683
25
113
0
Crash Pits
20
32
38
Harry McQuinn
117.287
32
110
0
Ignition
21
5
3
Chet Miller
126.318
8
109
0
Crash BS
22
13
25
Ralph Hepburn
122.204
22
107
0
Crash BS
23
23
1
Floyd Roberts ✝
128.968
5
106
0
Crash BS
24
18
37
Ira Hall
121.188
27
89
0
Head gasket
25
25
21
Russ Snowberger
123.199
20
50
0
Radiator
26
6
17
George Bailey
125.821
9
47
0
Valve
27
29
56
Floyd Davis
119.375
29
43
0
Shock absorber
28
28
42
Al Miller
123.233
18
41
0
Accelerator
29
11
29
Frank Brisko
123.351
17
38
0
Air pump
30
21
44
Emil Andres
121.212
26
22
0
Spark plugs
31
22
32
Bob Swanson
129.431
3
19
0
Rear axle
32
7
47
Shorty Cantlon
125.567
10
15
0
Main bearing
33
31
53
Deacon Litz
117.979
31
7
0
Valve
Alternates
First alternate: George Robson
Failed to Qualify
Henry Banks (#39)
Sam Hanks
Tommy Hinnershitz
Ronney Householder (#26)
Frank McGurk (#41)
Zeke Meyer (#27)
Duke Nalon (#7)
Johnny Seymour (#61)
Lou Webb
Doc Williams (#36) |
Introduction
The Beast is a 1996 television movie starring William Petersen, Karen Sillas and Charles Martin Smith. Aired in two parts as a miniseries, the movie is based on the 1991 novel Beast by Jaws author Peter Benchley. The film is about a giant squid that attacks and kills several people when its food supply becomes scarce and its offspring is killed.
It was filmed primarily in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Plot
The film begins with Howard Griffin and Elizabeth Griffin having a romantic night out on a yacht near the Pacific Northwest resort community, Graves' Point. After a freak occurrence causes the yacht to sink, the two are forced to head for shore in a lifeboat, only to be attacked and eaten by an unseen creature hours later. The next day, local fisherman Whip Dalton (William Petersen) finds the empty lifeboat and discovers a large claw stuck into the boat. Whip sends the claw to a university to be analyzed and it ends up in the hands of marine biologist Dr. Herbert Talley (Ronald Guttman), who comes to Grave's Point claiming it is from the tentacle of a giant squid. The island harbor master Schuyler Graves (Charles Martin Smith) hires Lucas Coven (Larry Drake) to kill the squid after both Whip's initial advice to leave it alone and several more deaths caused by the squid. Coven succeeds in slaying a squid and the carcass is promptly sold by Graves to Sea Land Texas owner Osborne Manning (Denis Arndt). The unmanned sonar detects another, much larger squid which remains unnoticed by the islanders.
When Whip and Talley are not allowed to see the squid to examine it, Dr. Talley organizes a submersible expedition to explore the squid's habitat. After analyzing the carcass of the dead squid, the scientists determine it is just a baby. The information comes too late, however, and the adult squid, the baby's mother, attacks the submersible, killing everyone on board. Whip angrily blames Graves for the incident, which also resulted in the death of Christopher, Talley's assistant and boyfriend of Dana (Missy Crider), Whip's daughter. Graves then blackmails Lucas, threatening to shut Lucas down for illegal trap fishing unless he resumes the hunt for the adult squid. Dr. Talley explains to Whip that the giant squid is killing out of vengeance for the death of her offspring rather than hunger, and is now even more dangerous as a result.
Lucas resumes the hunt along with Whip's friend, Mike, and another crew member named Scranton (David Field). After enduring stormy weather they decide to head back to shore and continue the hunt the next day. The Squid attacks the boat before they make it to shore, devouring Scranton and knocking a cargo net on Mike, injuring him. It then attacks Lucas in the helm who fires a couple of shots with his gun at its tentacles. The squid then bites a hole in the hull. With water pouring in, it pulls the entire boat underwater, drowning Lucas. Whip, after learning that Mike went out to help Lucas comes to the rescue and, finding Mike holding onto a buoy, pulls him out of the water and takes him to the hospital. Whip then agrees to go out and hunt the giant squid but only if he can use his boat and Graves goes with him. He is also accompanied by coast guard officer, Lt. Kathryn Marcus (Karen Sillas), Dr. Talley, and Manning.
They plan to snare the squid, reel it in and shoot it multiple times with darts full of cyanide. The plan succeeds and the squid appears dead. But when the ship's engine breaks down, Manning reveals that he filled the darts with tranquilizer instead of cyanide so he could take the squid alive back to Sea Land. Graves tried to escape on a lifeboat as Whip cuts the squid loose just as it awakes. The squid soon chases down and kills Graves. Afterword's, it resumes the attack on Whip's boat, killing Manning and then jumping on the boat. It then grabs Talley and eats him. A coast guard helicopter arrives in time to pick up Kathryn and Whip. As he boards the helicopter, Whip fends the squid off with an axe, chopping open several extra fuel drums and has Kathryn use a flare gun to set his boat on fire. The squid is unable to escape as an explosion blows up the squid's beak and lower body, killing it. The helicopter flies them back to the shore where they reunite with Dana.
Cast
William Petersen as Whip Dalton
Karen Sillas as Lt. Kathryn Marcus
Charles Martin Smith as Schuyler Graves
Ronald Guttman as Dr. Herbert Talley
Missy Crider as Dana Dalton
Sterling Macer Jr. as Mike Newcombe
Denis Arndt as Osborne Manning
Adrienne-Joi Johnson as Nell Newcombe
Larry Drake as Lucas Coven
Murray Bartlett as Christopher Lane
Laura Vazquez as Hadley
Blake Kearney as The Sax Player
Differences from novel
This TV adaption based on Peter Benchley's novel of the same name is mostly faithful to the source material; but some changes were made for the sake of film locations and pacing. In the novel, the squid has much younger offspring which do not make an appearance until the end of the novel, and the titular squid is killed by a sperm whale, not by an explosion as in the movie. Many storylines and characters are added or changed in the TV adaptation. For one thing, the book took place in Bermuda while the movie took place in a Pacific North West community resort called Grave's Point. |
Introduction
The 26th International 500-Mile Sweepstakes Race was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway on Monday, May 30, 1938. For 1938, riding mechanics were made optional; however, no teams utilized them in the race. In addition, after seven years, the engine specifications were changed again. The 1930 "Junk" formula was eliminated. Normally aspirated engines were allowed 4.5 liters (down from 6.0 L), and superchargers would be permitted again, with a maximum displacement of 3.0 liters. Any fuel was allowed, which directly affected the race.
Time trials
Ten-lap (25 mile) qualifying runs were utilized. This would be the final time this distance was used. Floyd Roberts won the pole position.
Qualifying Results
Date
Driver
Lap 1(mph)
Lap 2(mph)
Lap 3(mph)
Lap 4(mph)
Lap 5(mph)
Lap 6(mph)
Lap 7(mph)
Lap 8(mph)
Lap 9(mph)
Lap 10(mph)
Average Speed(mph)
Sat 5/21/1938
Floyd Roberts
126.174
126.743
124.138
125.839
125.857
125.122
124.688
125.523
125.892
126.886
125.506
Race Recap
Floyd Roberts started in the pole position.
By 200 miles completed, Jimmy Snyder led a trio of alcohol-powered cars, followed by Roberts and Wilbur Shaw in cars running gasoline. When the alcohol cars pitted to re-fuel, Roberts took the lead for the first time. At 300 miles, Roberts made his one and only pit stop for fuel and a single tire change, and gave up the lead to Snyder. At 375 miles, Snyder made his 3rd stop for more methanol, and Roberts re-took a lead he would not relinquish to the checkered.
Roberts led 92 laps, posted an average speed of 117.200 miles per hour, and won $32,075. Roberts' car was owned by Lou Moore, who was also the chief mechanic.
For this race, only the front and back straightaways were still surfaced with the original bricks installed in 1909. All 4 turns were paved with asphalt prior to this race.
The race was run under heavily overcast skies, with rain threatening the entire day. But it did not rain until the race was completed.
The race was marred by the death of 33-year-old spectator Everett Spence. On lap 45 the number 42 car driven by Emil Andres hit the wall in turn two, then flipped over several times, causing its right front wheel to fly off. The wheel traveled through the air and hit Spence, who was pronounced dead upon arriving at the hospital. Andres suffered a concussion, broken nose, and chest injuries.
Box score
Finish
Start
No
Name
Entrant
Chassis
Engine
Qual
Rank
Laps
Led
Status
1
1
23
Floyd Roberts
Lou Moore
Wetteroth
Miller
125.681
2
200
92
Running
2
7
1
Wilbur Shaw
W. Wilbur Shaw
Shaw
Offenhauser
120.987
13
200
0
Running
3
5
3
Chet Miller
Boyle Racing Headquarters
Summers
Offenhauser
121.898
9
200
0
Running
4
6
2
Ted Horn
Harry Hartz
Wetteroth
Miller
121.327
12
200
0
Running
5
18
38
Chet Gardner
Joe Lencki
Rigling
Offenhauser
120.435
17
200
0
Running
6
14
54
Herb Ardinger
Lewis W. Welch
Miller-Ford
Offenhauser
119.022
24
199
0
Flagged
7
25
45
Harry McQuinn
Carl Marchese
Marchese
Miller
119.492
21
197
0
Flagged
8
30
58
Billy Devore
Joel Thorne, Inc.
Stevens
Offenhauser
116.339
30
185
0
Flagged
9
13
22
Joel Thorne
Joel Thorne, Inc.
Shaw
Offenhauser
119.155
23
185
0
Flagged
10
17
29
Frank Wearne
Paul Weirick
Adams
Offenhauser
121.405
11
181
0
Flagged
11
33
43
Duke Nalon
Henry Kohlert
Fengler
Miller
113.828
33
178
0
Flagged
12
29
12
George Bailey
Leon Duray
Weil
Duray
116.393
29
166
0
Clutch
13
9
27
Mauri Rose
Boyle Racing Headquarters
Maserati
Maserati
119.796
20
165
0
Supercharger
14
10
16
Ronney Householder
Joel Thorne, Inc.
Adams
Sparks
125.769
1
154
0
Supercharger
15
15
6
Jimmy Snyder
Joel Thorne, Inc.
Adams
Sparks
123.506
4
150
92
Supercharger
16
12
5
Louis Meyer
Bowes Racing, Inc.
Stevens
Winfield
120.525
16
149
0
Oil Pump
17
4
17
Tony Gulotta
Tony Gulotta
Stevens
Offenhauser
122.499
6
130
0
Rod
18
22
55
Al Miller
Jack Holly
Miller
Miller
119.420
22
125
0
Clutch
19
19
15
George Connor
Joseph Marks
Adams
Miller
120.326
18
119
0
Engine
20
32
9
Cliff Bergere
George H. Lyons
Stevens
Miller
114.464
32
111
0
Piston
21
31
33
Henry Banks
Louis Kimmel
Miller
Voelker
116.279
31
109
0
Rod bearing
22
21
35
Kelly Petillo
Kelly Petillo
Wetteroth
Offenhauser
119.827
19
100
0
Camshaft
23
24
21
Louis Tomei
H. E. Winn
Miller
Miller
121.599
10
88
0
Rod
24
16
7
Bill Cummings
Boyle Racing Headquarters
Miller
Miller
122.393
7
72
0
Radiator
25
2
14
Russ Snowberger
Russ Snowberger
Snowberger
Miller
124.027
3
56
0
Rod
26
8
34
Babe Stapp
Bill White Race Cars, Inc.
Weil
Miller
120.595
15
54
0
Valve
27
26
10
Tony Willman
Murrell Belanger
Stevens
Miller
118.458
25
47
0
Valve
28
3
8
Rex Mays
Bill White Race Cars, Inc.
Alfa Romeo-Weil
Alfa Romeo
122.845
5
45
16
Supercharger
29
28
42
Emil Andres
Elgin Piston Pin Company
Adams
Brisko
117.126
27
45
0
Crash T2
30
27
37
Ira Hall
Nowiak & Magnee
Nowiak
Studebaker
118.255
26
44
0
Crash T3
31
11
26
Frank Brisko
Frank Brisko
Stevens
Brisko
121.921
8
39
0
Oil line
32
23
36
Al Putnam
Arthur M. Sims
Stevens
Miller
116.791
28
15
0
Crankshaft
33
20
47
Shorty Cantlon
Thomas O'Brien
Stevens
Miller
120.906
14
13
0
Supercharger
Alternates
First alternate: Charlie Crawford
Failed to Qualify
Frankie Beeder
Floyd Davis (#59)
Fred Frame (#32)
Ralph Hepburn (#4)
Deacon Litz (#52)
Tazio Nuvolari
Jack Petticord (#57)
Johnny Sawyer (#53)
Johnny Seymour (#56)
Doc Williams (#46)
Billy Winn (#18, #24) |
Introduction
Golden Comics Digest was one of three digest size comics published by Gold Key Comics in the early 1970s. The other two were Mystery Comics Digest and Walt Disney Comics Digest.
Published from 1969 to 1976, all 48 issues were reprints, mainly of various licensed properties. These included Tom and Jerry, Bugs Bunny and other Warner Brothers cartoons, Woody Woodpecker and other Walter Lantz Studios characters, The Pink Panther, various Hanna-Barbera properties, Tarzan, The Lone Ranger, and their own Turok and Brothers of the Spear.
Issue contents
# Tom and Jerry, Woody Woodpecker, Bugs Bunny and friends
# Hanna-Barbera TV Fun Favorites (Space Ghost, The Flintstones, Yogi Bear, The Jetsons, etc.)
# Tom and Jerry, Woody Woodpecker
# Tarzan (plus Brothers of the Spear)
# Tom and Jerry, Woody Woodpecker, Bugs Bunny
# Bugs Bunny
# Hanna-Barbera TV Fun Favorites
# Tom and Jerry, Woody Woodpecker, Bugs Bunny
# Tarzan (plus Brothers of the Spear)
# Bugs Bunny
# Hanna-Barbera TV Fun Favorites
# Tom and Jerry, Woody Woodpecker, Bugs Bunny, Journey to the Sun
# Tom and Jerry
# Bugs Bunny Fun Packed Funnies
# Tom and Jerry
# Woody Woodpecker Cartoon Special
# Bugs Bunny
# Tom and Jerry, Barney Bear
# Little Lulu
# Woody Woodpecker Falltime Funtime
# Bugs Bunny Showtime
# Tom and Jerry Winter Wingding
# Little Lulu and Tubby Fun Fling
# Woody Woodpecker Fun Festival
# Tom and Jerry (Doctor Spektor article)
# Bugs Bunny Halloween Hulla-Boo-Loo (Doctor Spektor article)
# Little Lulu and Tubby in Hawaii
# Tom and Jerry
# Little Lulu and Tubby
# Bugs Bunny Vacation Funnies
# Turok, plus stories from Dell Comics' Indian Chief title
# Woody Woodpecker Summer Fun
# Little Lulu and Tubby Halloween Fun (Doctor Spektor appears)
# Bugs Bunny Winter Funnies
# Tom and Jerry Snowtime Funtime
# Little Lulu and her friends
# Woody Woodpecker Country Fair
# Pink Panther
# Bugs Bunny Summer Fun
# Little Lulu and Tubby Trick or Treat
# Tom and Jerry Winter Carnival
# Bugs Bunny
# Little Lulu in Paris
# Woody Woodpecker Family Fun Festival
# Pink Panther
# Little Lulu and Tubby
# Bugs Bunny
# The Lone Ranger |
Introduction
The 25th International 500-Mile Sweepstakes was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway on Monday, May 31, 1937. With temperatures topping out at , it is one of the hottest days on record for the Indy 500.
Time trials
Ten-lap (25 mile) qualifying runs were utilized. During the time trials held on May 28, the car of Overton Phillips burst into flames when his crankshaft broke and punctured the gas tank. He then crashed into the pit area, killing spectator George Warford of Indianapolis. Injured were Phillips and his riding mechanic, Walter King, Anthony Caccia, the brother of Joe Caccia, who died in practice for the 1931 race, and Otto Rohde of Toledo, Ohio, a crew member for Champion Spark Plug. Rohde succumbed to his injuries on June 1, 1937.
On the same day, having completed four of ten scheduled qualifying laps, Frank McGurk's car plunged through an inner rail, overturned and ejected both McGurk, who was hospitalized in serious condition but survived, and his riding mechanic, Albert Opalko, who was killed. The crash was caused by a broken connecting rod.
Qualifying Results
Date
Driver
Lap 1(mph)
Lap 2(mph)
Lap 3(mph)
Lap 4(mph)
Lap 5(mph)
Lap 6(mph)
Lap 7(mph)
Lap 8(mph)
Lap 9(mph)
Lap 10(mph)
Average Speed(mph)
Sat 5/15/1937
Bill Cummings
123.677
123.779
120.016
122.951
123.626
123.830
123.848
123.305
123.389
125.139
123.455
Bill Cummings' tenth lap of 125.139 mph was a one-lap Speedway track record at the time.
Race details
For 1937, riding mechanics were required. Jigger Johnson served as Wilbur Shaw's riding mechanic. Johnson, who also rode with 1931 winner Louis Schneider, became the second two-time Indianapolis 500 winning riding mechanic. Johnson would be the final winning riding mechanic in Indy history. Starting in the 1938 Indianapolis 500, riding mechanics were made optional, and would no longer be utilized in the race by any entrants.
After being banned for several years, superchargers were once again permitted.
Jimmy Snyder
One of the more notable performances of the 1937 race belonged to Jimmy Snyder. During time trials on May 22, Snyder took to the track for his 10-lap attempt late in the day, nearing sundown. He ran his first lap at a track record of 130.492 mph. His second lap (129.422 mph) and third lap (127.334 mph) dropped off, and then officials waved off the run due to darkness. Snyder's run was officially incomplete, but the single-lap track record stood.
The following day, Snyder returned to the track, and while he did not match his speed from the day before, he finished his run at 125.287 mph, the fastest qualifier in the field. He would line up 19th on race day.
At the start, Snyder blew by most of the field, and was running as high as 6th at the conclusion of the first lap. By the fourth lap he was in the lead, and proceeded to lead 24 laps. On lap 27, however, he dropped out with mechanical trouble.
Late Race Summary
Late in the race, Wilbur Shaw held a comfortable lead, and had lapped second place Ralph Hepburn. With about 20 laps to go, however, Shaw's car had been leaking oil, and had nearly lost nearly all of the oil out of the crankcase. In addition, the right rear tire was heavily worn. Shaw slowed down considerably in an effort to nurse his car to the finish line. Shaw and his riding mechanic John "Jigger" Johnson were both suffering from burns due to the leaking oil. Second place Hepburn realized Shaw's problems, and began a charge to catch him. He unlapped himself, and went on a tear in hopes of victory.
As the laps dwindled down, Ralph Hepburn was closing dramatically. Shaw was largely defenseless, as he was carefully nursing the car around. As the car went in and out of the turns, the oil pressure was rising and dropping, and Shaw was calculating how much time he could give up per lap and still maintain the lead. Hepburn closed to a straightaway deficit, then was nearly in reach. On the final lap Hepburn pulled to within a few seconds, and by the last turn he was directly behind Shaw and looking to pass him for the win.
With nothing to lose, Shaw floored the accelerator and pulled away down the final straight. He held off Hepburn for the win by 2.16 seconds, the closest finish in Indy 500 history to that point. The margin would stand as the closest finish ever at Indy until 1982.
Results
Finish
Start
No
Name
Entrant
Chassis
Engine
Qual
Rank
Laps
Led
Status
1
2
6
Wilbur Shaw
W. Wilbur Shaw
Shaw
Offenhauser
122.791
4
200
131
Running
2
6
8
Ralph Hepburn
Louis Meyer
Stevens
Offenhauser
118.809
15
200
9
Running
3
32
3
Ted Horn
Harry Hartz
Wetteroth
Miller
118.608
17
200
0
Running
4
5
2
Louis Meyer
H. C. Henning
Miller
Miller
119.619
12
200
0
Running
5
16
45
Cliff Bergere
George C. Lyons
Stevens
Offenhauser
117.546
24
200
0
Running
6
1
16
Bill Cummings
H. C. Henning
Miller
Offenhauser
123.343
3
200
0
Running
7
14
28
Billy Devore
H. E. Winn
Stevens
Miller
120.192
9
200
0
Running
8
7
38
Tony Gulotta
Joe Lencki
Rigling
Offenhauser
118.788
16
200
0
Running
9
12
17
George Connor
Joe Marks
Adams
Miller
120.240
8
200
0
Running
10
18
53
Louis Tomei
S.S. Engineering Company
Rigling
Studebaker
116.437
32
200
0
Running
11
9
31
Chet Gardner
Chester Gardner
Duesenberg
Offenhauser
117.342
28
199
0
Flagged
12
10
23
Ronney Householder
Henry J. Topping, Jr.
Viglioni
Miller
116.464
31
194
0
Flagged
13
17
62
Floyd Roberts
Joel Thorne, Inc.
Miller
Miller
116.996
30
194
0
Flagged
14
11
35
Deacon Litz
A. B. Litz
Miller
Miller
116.372
33
191
0
Out of oil
15
24
32
Floyd Davis
Joel Thorne, Inc.
Snowberger
Miller
118.942
14
190
0
Crash T3
16
25
34
Shorty Cantlon
Bill White Race Cars, Inc.
Weil
Miller
118.555
18
182
0
Flagged
17
26
42
Al Miller
Joel Thorne, Inc.
Snowberger
Miller
118.518
20
170
0
Carburetor
18
8
1
Mauri Rose
Lou Moore
Miller
Offenhauser
118.540
19
127
0
Oil line
19
29
41
Ken Fowler
E. M. "Lucky" Teeter
Wetteroth
McDowell
117.421
26
116
0
Pushed
20
20
25
Kelly Petillo
Kelly Petillo
Wetteroth
Offenhauser
124.129
2
109
0
Out of oil
21
28
43
George Bailey
Sims & Duray
Stevens
Miller
117.497
25
107
0
Clutch
22
3
54
Herb Ardinger
Lewis W. Welch
Welch
Offenhauser
121.983
5
106
2
Rod
23
15
24
Frank Brisko
Frank Brisko
Stevens
Brisko
118.213
23
105
0
No oil pressure
24
33
44
Frank Wearne
Leon Duray
Stevens
Miller
118.220
22
99
0
Carburetor
25
27
26
Tony Willman
Pete DePaolo
Miller
Miller
118.241
21
95
0
Rod
26
4
10
Billy Winn
James M. Winn
Miller
Miller
119.922
11
85
0
Oil line
27
30
12
Russ Snowberger
Russ Snowberger
Snowberger
Packard
117.354
27
66
0
Clutch
28
21
33
Bob Swanson
Paul Weirick
Adams
Sparks
121.920
6
52
34
Carburetor
29
22
47
Harry McQuinn
Thomas O'Brien
Stevens
Miller
121.822
7
47
0
Piston
30
13
7
Chet Miller
H. C. Henning
Summers
Miller
119.213
13
36
0
Ignition
31
31
15
Babe Stapp
Henry J. Topping, Jr.
Maserati
Maserati
117.226
29
36
0
Clutch
32
19
5
Jimmy Snyder
Joel Thorne, Inc.
Adams
Sparks
125.287
1
27
24
Transmission
33
23
14
Rex Mays
Bill White Race Cars, Inc.
Alfa Romeo
Alfa Romeo
119.968
10
24
0
Overheating
Alternates
First alternate: Emil Andres (withdrew)
Second alternate: Joel Thorne — Thorne purchased the entry of the first alternate, and planned to buy the qualified car of Cliff Bergere. He then planned to withdraw both of those cars in order to elevate his own car (the second alternate) into the starting field. After the officials heard word of the solicitations, they forced him to stop the effort of effectively "buying his way in" to the field, and threatened suspension.
Failed to Qualify
Henry Banks
Tom Cosman
Dave Evans (#21)
Ira Hall (#37, #56)
Luther Johnson (#66)
Milt Marion
Frank McGurk (#39)
Zeke Meyer (#52)
Duke Nalon
Lee Oldfield
Vern Ornduff
Overton Phillips
Al Putnam
Johnny Seymour (#51)
Lou Webb
Doc Williams (#57)
Woody Woodford
Ray Yeagar |