Split (1)

train · 138k rows

query stringlengths 18 1.2k	documents listlengths 32 32	scores listlengths 32 32
I have keys, but no locks. I have space, but no room. You can enter, but you can't come in. What am I?	[ "Q: I have keys but no locks. I have space but no room. You can enter but can’t go outside. What am I?", "I have keys but no locks. I have space but no room. You can enter but can't go outside. What am I?", "I have keys but no locks. I have space but no room. You can enter but can’t go outside. What am I?", "I am a box who holds keys but not locks. With the right combination I may unlock your soul. What am I?", "I go through a door but never go in, and never come out. What am I ??", "I'm a container with the inside golden that can't be opened unless I'm broken. What am I?", "By way of analogy, to get into your home you would put a key in a lock to open the door. This process (the use of a key and a lock) is the method or algorithm. Now this method only works if you have the proper key to stick in the lock, and your key will be valid only as long as you are the resident of the particular abode. The next resident will have the locks changed to a different key to make sure that you cannot enter even though you may know the method.", "My treasures are golden and guarded by thousands amongst a maze no man can enter. What am I?", "I turn around once. What is out will not get in. I turn around again. What is in will not get out. What am I ??", "What has an end but no beginning, a home but no family, and a space without room?", "Burglary (also called breaking and entering and sometimes housebreaking) is an unlawful entry into a building or other location for the purposes of committing an offence. Usually that offence is theft, but most jurisdictions include others within the ambit of burglary. To engage in the act of burglary is to burgle (in British English) or to burglarize (in American English). ", "Rare individuals managed to break open without a key. Among those, the companion Adric through lock-picking ( TV : Logopolis ) and the gastropod Mestor through its psychic power . ( TV : The Twin Dilemma )", "The door cannot be opened from the outside; there is always someone inside to unlock the door.", "Burglaries in which no apparent force is used and thus a point of entry or exit cannot be established; may indicate loiding, picking, an unlocked door, a perpetrator with authorized access, or an occupant-staged crime.", "As it stands, Ali Baba would not have even needed to overhear the phrase “Open Sesame”. Conceivably he may have entered the cave simply by guessing it. Phrases like the one in our story tend to be called simple passwords, because they are just common words put together, which don’t have special characters or numbers mixed throughout. Simple passwords are the equivalent to setting the combination on your bike lock to 1234. Granted, this is far better than leaving it 0000 (which is like not setting a password at all), but eventually someone will open the lock if they take the time to try each number. The more complex you make a password, the longer it will take to try every combination. If it takes longer to break the password than the reward is worth, the idea is that the person will not attempt to do so. So, let us imagine someone standing before the Cave of the Forty Thieves trying random words until the door opened. Now imagine that person is a computer capable of hundreds of thousands of guesses a minute. “Open Sesame” would theoretically come up eventually.", "Boris' passwords. \"They're right in front of you, and can open very large doors.\" (The riddle's answer is \"Knockers.\") This becomes a plot point later , when Natalya is trying to crack one with a string of Double Entendres, but the answer is actually innocuous. \"You sit on it, but can't take it with you.\" Chair.", "You find yourself in a strange red room and you have no idea how you got there, the only reasonable thing to do is ESCAPE! Use obj...", "Panny. A house. To do a panny: to rob a house. See the Sessions Papers. Probably, panny originally meant the butler’s pantry, where the knives and forks, spoons, &c. are usually kept The pigs frisked my panney, and nailed my screws; the officers searched my house, and seized my picklock keys. Cant.", "Door: A sliding or hinged structure, covering an opening to a cupboard, closet, room, building, etc. May be used as an entrance or exit. Usually constructed of wood, glass, or metal, depending on its service.", "A man is stuck in a box. There are no doors, no windows, no openings of any kind. Inside with him is a round table and a mirror. How does he get out?", "Original meaning: The key to the problem. This means as in unlocking the door to solving the problem.", "—— == lock, fasten, as a door. RG. 495; pret. ‘lek.’ Body and Soul, 236; part. ‘iloke.’ 824 B.", "[E]very house has both a door to the street and a back door to the garden. Their doors have all two leaves, which, as they are easily opened, so they shut of their own accord; and, there being no property among them, every man may freely enter into any house whatsoever. 29", "exterior door , outside door - a doorway that allows entrance to or exit from a building", "The crime of breaking and entering a house or other building belonging to another with the intent to commit a crime therein.", "Leonard Hofstadter : Uh, well, who wants to stay in a hotel, with windows that don't open, those crazy card-shaped keys?", "a house which cannot be used, or disposed of, separately from a business premises. This is because the conditions of ‘a building designed as a dwelling’ have not been met in full - see paragraph 14.2", "has no opening to the outside. has a single opening. has two openings. is connected to the outside by numerous pores.", "Stanza 4: The narrator musters the courage to speak to the \"visitor\" at his door. Nobody answers. He opens the door and sees only darkness.", "DEFINITION: A recess or small cupboard in a wall, used as a repository or place for keeping things.", "13. A changeable key cylinder padlock as defined in claim 12, wherein said bottom wall portion of said padlock casing adjacent said key passage for said cavity has means for accommodating rotation of a control key in the key passage from said first key position to either said second interlock position or said third interlock position, and shoulder means positioned to allow movement of the operator's key from said first key position to said second key position but barring movement of the operator's key from said first key position to said third key position.", "This has a verb, but no subject. It leaves you wondering, \"who was hiding a rabid gorilla in Becky's dorm room?\" We need more information. We could make this a complete sentence by saying, \"Jennifer was hiding a rabid gorilla in Becky's dorm room.\"" ]	[ 10.703125, 10.53125, 10.53125, 5.05859375, -0.0682373046875, -1.3642578125, -1.6669921875, -1.744140625, -2.765625, -3.822265625, -3.84375, -3.951171875, -4.359375, -4.53125, -5.73828125, -5.83984375, -6.1640625, -6.2421875, -6.32421875, -6.37109375, -6.40234375, -6.59375, -6.72265625, -6.90234375, -7.16015625, -7.39453125, -7.78515625, -8.09375, -8.1484375, -8.953125, -9.3828125, -9.5546875 ]
An aeroplane carrying 40 people crashed over the Atlantic Ocean, with every single person being killed. Yet two passengers survived. How is this possible?	[ "There were four crew members and 11 passengers on board. Both pilots were killed, and only one passenger, a seven-year-old girl, survived. Her six-year-old sister was among the 10 passengers who did not survive.", "The captain, first officer, flight engineer, a flight attendant, and several First Class passengers were found still strapped to their seats inside the nose section when it crashed in a field by a tiny church in the village of Tundergarth. The inquest heard that a flight attendant was found alive by a farmer's wife, but died before her discoverer could summon help. Some passengers may have remained alive briefly after impact; a pathologist report concluded that at least two of these passengers might have survived if they had been found soon enough. ", "Two months after the crash, wreckage was found in the Sunda Trench in the Indian Ocean near Bali. All of the passengers were presumed dead. In reality, however, the discovered wreckage was staged by Charles Widmore . The real plane had suffered a mid-air break-up and crashed on an uncharted Island , with more than sixty-nine passengers and two crew members surviving the crash itself. Later, six of those survivors made it off the Island and became known as the Oceanic Six .", "By the time the crew had discovered the error, the aircraft was too far away from a suitable landing option. Twelve of the 48 passengers were killed in the emergency landing. The six crew members all survived. The survivors were found about two days later.", "After hitting turbulence, the plane began rapidly to descend and then underwent a mid-air break-up . (\" Pilot, Part 2 \") (\" A Tale of Two Cities \") The tail section broke off first, and crashed into the ocean. Most of the survivors had to swim to the beach, with the exception of Bernard Nadler , whose seat ended up in a tree in the jungle not too far from the beach. 23 passengers from the tail section initially survived the crash. (\" The Other 48 Days \")", "On December 23rd (that’s today!), 1972, the 16 surviving passengers of the Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571 that crashed deep in the Andes on October 13th were rescued. They had survived the plane crash, and then survived for more than two months on inadequate food in harsh conditions by living in the torn fuselage of the plane at 11,000 feet. Three of the strongest members of the crew hiked through the Andes to find help. Their trek took them ten days, and they were extremely famished and weak. When they spotted a man on a white horse across the river they were afraid it was a delusion. The man was real, and when the two ravaged survivors told him their story he sent for the two helicopters that rescued the rest of the survivors on this day.", "Some experts believe most if not all of the crew were alive and possibly conscious during the entire descent until impact with the ocean. Astronaut and NASA lead accident investigator Robert Overmyer said, \"I not only flew with Dick Scobee, we owned a plane together, and I know Scob did everything he could to save his crew. Scob fought for any and every edge to survive. He flew that ship without wings all the way down... they were alive.\"", "Leul attempted to land parallel with the waves instead of against the waves in an effort to smooth the landing. ET-AIZ’s left engine and wingtip struck the water first. The engine acted as a scoop and struck a coral reef, slowing that side of the aircraft quickly, causing the Boeing 767 to violently spin left and break apart. Island residents and tourists, including a group of scuba divers and some French doctors on vacation, came to the aid of crash survivors. Many passengers died because they inflated their life jackets in the cabin, causing them to be trapped inside by the rising water. This led to further notices about not inflating the vests before exiting the plane. [ Source ]", "How did Oceanic Air explain that there were survivors when they were all supposed to be dead?", "228: On June 1, 2009, an Airbus A330-203, Air France Flight 447, carrying 216 passengers and 12 crew, was en route from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to Paris, France, when it crashed into the Atlantic Ocean. The aircraft's flight recorders were not recovered from the ocean floor until May 2011, and the final investigative report was released in July 2012. It determined that the disaster was likely due to the aircraft's pitot tubes being obstructed by ice crystals, causing the autopilot to disconnect. The crew reacted incorrectly, leading to an aerodynamic stall from which the jet did not recover.", "2000: A Kenya Airways Airbus 310 crashed into the sea shortly after taking off from the airport at Abidjan, Ivory Coast. Ten of the 179 people on board the plane were fished out alive from the Atlantic Ocean. The rest died.", "Bleriot created a scare - even terrified people - when he tired to \"hot dog\" a landing in front of a crowd of specators. He miscalculated with his imprecise controls to crash through a fence. Some of the people were struck by the plane or debris and were knocked to the ground. Amazingly no significant injuries were recorded. An interesting note is that Aviator Leon Delagrange was riding with Bleriot as a passenger. Neither pilot or passenger were seriously hurt.", "15/1/2009, The ï¿½Miracle on the Hudsonï¿½ occurred when US Airline flight 1549 hit birds just after takeoff from New York. Both the planeï¿½s engines were knocked out and with insufficient height to glide to any airstrip the pilot Captain Sullenberger put the aeroplane down flawlessly on the River Hudson. All 155 passengers and crew survived.", "In 1999, an EgyptAir flight from Los Angeles to Cairo crashed in the Atlantic Ocean, killing all 217 people on board. An investigation by the National Transportation Safety Board believed that the Egyptian pilot brought the plane down intentionally. However, the Egyptian Civil Aviation Agency determined that the plane crashed due to a mechanical failure.", "However, to those of us versed in even rudimentary human factors, it is easy to see that the design of this fuel system was a disaster waiting to happen, as was borne out not only by what Denver experienced, but by incidents reported by two previous pilots of this same plane who almost met death under the same circumstances. Presumably, they had a bit more altitude when their fuel starved out and, therefore, a bit more time to react.", "What we know: It's rare, but not unprecedented, for a commercial airliner to disappear in midflight. In June 2009, Air France Flight 447 was en route from Rio de Janeiro to Paris when communications ended suddenly from the Airbus A330, another state-of-the-art aircraft, with 228 people on board. It took five days to locate the first piece of debris from that plane -- and nearly two years to find the bulk of Flight 447's wreckage and most of the bodies in a mountain range deep in the Atlantic Ocean. It took even longer to establish the cause of the disaster.", "The aircraft involved, KLM Flight 4805 and Pan Am Flight 1736, were, along with many other aircraft, diverted to Tenerife from Gran Canaria Airport after a bomb exploded there. The threat of a second bomb forced the authorities to close the airport while a search was conducted, resulting in many airplanes being diverted to the smaller Tenerife airport where air traffic controllers were forced to park many of the airplanes on the taxiway, thereby blocking it. Further complicating the situation, while authorities waited to reopen Gran Canaria, a dense fog developed at Tenerife, greatly reducing visibility. When Gran Canaria reopened, the parked aircraft blocking the taxiway at Tenerife required both of the subject 747s to taxi on the only runway in order to get in position for takeoff. Due to the fog, neither aircraft could see the other, nor could the controller in the tower see the runway or the two 747s on it. As the airport did not have ground radar, the only means for the controller to identify the location of each airplane was via voice reports over the radio. As a result of several misunderstandings in the ensuing communication, the KLM flight attempted to take off while the Pan Am flight was still on the runway. The resulting collision destroyed both aircraft, killing all 248 aboard the KLM flight and 335 of 396 aboard the Pan Am flight. 61 people aboard the Pan Am flight, including the pilots and flight engineer, survived the disaster.", "1995: An American Airlines flight from Miami, Florida, to Cali, Columbia, crashed as it was making its final descent into the Cali airport. 163 people were killed in the crash. Amazingly, four people survived the mountaintop crash. The crash was caused by an incorrect computer command entered by the airplane's captain. It caused the plane to steer in the wrong direction. Many parts from the crashed airliner were salvaged within hours by illegal salvagers and later sold on the black market.", "On October 5, 1930, the British airship R.101 crashed on a hill in Beauvais, France. The impact was gentle and survivable but the ship was inflated with hydrogen , and the resulting fire incinerated 46 of the passengers and crew. Two additional crew members died of their injuries soon after.", "At one accident per eighteen-million hours of flying, the Triple-Seven is number two in safety. And, in that one accident, everyone survived.", "1997: After inexplicably losing power, a small single-engine airplane crashed in a woman's backyard in Saefern, Maryland. Falling through the trees, the plane ended up crumpled with its tail tipped forward and its right wing wrapped around the trunk of a tree. The two men aboard the plane escaped with minor but bloody injuries. They were treated and later released. The woman, who makes angel figures for people with terminal illnesses, figures that explained why the two men were able to walk away from the crumpled wreckage.", "Actually, the elevator car safety device couldn’t have possibly have been set because the falling airplane engine and debris had snapped the governor cable. So how did Betty Lou Oliver manage to survive?", "Because of the quick and determined actions of the passengers and crew, Flight 93 was the only one of the four hijacked aircraft that failed to reach its intended target that day. Flight 93 was just 20 minutes flying time from Washington, D.C., and, had the passengers and crew not taken such decisive action, the plane would have been used to crash into the U.S. Capitol, causing unimaginable destruction and loss of life. The passengers and crew showed unity, courage, and selflessness that enabled them to join together in an extraordinary way and make a profound difference that day.", "\"Oops ...\" – On November 4, 1993, a China Airlines pilot overran the runway while landing in the rain, putting a five-month-old 747-400 into the sea. Fortunately, all 396 passengers survived.", "1997: One the same day, a United Airlines Boeing 747 hit massive air turbulence over the Pacific Ocean, causing the jetliner to dive 1,000 feet. Passengers without seat belts on were thrown to the ceiling and then knocked back down to the floor. More than 100 people were injured and one 32-year-old woman was killed. After the incident, the plane returned to Japan where the injured were rushed to hospitals.", "On 25 July 2000, Air France Flight 4590, registration Template:Airreg , crashed in Gonesse, France, killing all 100 passengers and nine crew on board the flight, and four people on the ground. It was the only fatal incident involving the type.", "1989 - 181 out of 293 passengers and crew survived the crash of a United Airlines DC-10. The pilot of Flight 232, bound for Chicago, reported trouble to the Sioux City, Iowa airport half an hour before it slammed into the Sioux City runway. Prepared emergency personnel were credited with helping many to survive the fiery crash.", "On November 10, 2008, Ryanair Flight 4102 from Frankfurt to Rome made an emergency landing at Ciampino Airport after multiple bird strikes caused both engines to fail. After touchdown, the left main landing gear collapsed, and the aircraft briefly veered off the runway. Passengers and crew were evacuated through the starboard emergency exits. ", "I understood that the reason the plane did not fly straight across the Atlantic was because there were storms and the plane could not fly over them because it was unpressurised. Does that make sense?", "Disasters: A United Airlines plane collides with a Trans World Airlines plane in a fog over New York City; the crash kills a total of 134 people on board and on the ground.", "2002: A Russian Tupolev 165 airliner collided with a Boeing 757 transport plane over southern Germany. 71 people were killed in the crash, including many children on a school trip to Spain.", "1967: A TWA DC-9 collided in mid-air over Ohio with a private plane due to air traffic control problems. 25 people were killed in the collision." ]	[ 0.7548828125, 0.39599609375, 0.386962890625, -0.384033203125, -1.423828125, -1.4736328125, -1.662109375, -1.7109375, -1.7587890625, -2.3203125, -2.814453125, -2.900390625, -3.015625, -3.123046875, -3.29296875, -3.451171875, -3.568359375, -3.775390625, -3.796875, -3.923828125, -3.92578125, -4.2421875, -4.5625, -4.609375, -4.85546875, -5.23046875, -5.515625, -6.5390625, -6.984375, -7.40234375, -7.734375, -8.0390625 ]
What is the fastest animal on 2 legs, which can reach a speed of around 40 miles per hour?	[ "Following the cheetah, there are a number of other mammals, including the wildebeest, lion , and Thomson’s gazelle, all of which can obtain 50 miles per hour (80 km per hour), and the hyena , zebra , and Mongolian wild ass, all of which can reach 40 miles per hour (64 kilometers per hour). The white-tailed deer, wart hog, and grizzly bear all check in at 30 miles per hour (48 km per hour). The fastest dog is the greyhound, which can run 43 miles per hour (69 km per hour), while cats can reach speeds of 30 miles per hour (48 km per hour).", "It is a gentle and intelligent breed whose combination of long, powerful legs, deep chest, flexible spine, and slim build allows it to reach average race speeds in excess of 18 meters per second (59 feet per second, or 63 kilometers per hour (39 mph)).[1][2][3] At maximum acceleration, a greyhound reaches a full speed of 70 kilometers per hour (43 mph) within 30 meters or six strides from the boxes, traveling at almost 20 meters per second for the first 250 meters of a race. The only other animal that can accelerate faster over a short distance is the cheetah, which can reach speeds of 109 kilometers per hour (68 mph) over 3-4 strides from a standing start.[4]", "Camels are powerful runners and can reach the speed of 40 miles per hour in a short burst, which is as fast as a horse. They can cruise along at 25 miles per hour when running for a distance.", "The table is a perfect way for coaches to not only see maximum speed but also create fitness profiles and other conditioning metrics based on how much speed someone can maintain. For the purposes of this article, Usain Bolt hit roughly 27.6 miles per hour, or 44.4 kilometers per hour if you are reading from somewhere outside the USA. Another perspective can be taken by measuring out 12.35 meters, and that is how much ground Usain covered in one second, or just a blink of the eye. Everything is relative, though; as impressive as Usain Bolt is, we humans are not fast runners compared to other land animals, and from the interview with Bill Pressey , one can deduce that we are slow animals. We are not as fast as other two-legged creatures such as the ostrich and kangaroos, but we are a rare species in that we are mammals that use two-legged locomotion.", "the cheeta is not the fastest animal the fastest animal is the cosuin to the antulope i cant rememmber what it name is but it gose 5mph faster then the cheeta.", "Scientists have produced a wide range of maximum speed estimates, mostly around 11 m/s, but a few as low as 5 –, and a few as high as 20 m/s. Researchers have to rely on various estimating techniques because, while there are many tracks of very large theropods walking, so far none have been found of very large theropods running—and this absence may indicate that they did not run. Scientists who think that Tyrannosaurus was able to run point out that hollow bones and other features that would have lightened its body may have kept adult weight to a mere or so, or that other animals like ostriches and horses with long, flexible legs are able to achieve high speeds through slower but longer strides. Additionally, some have argued that Tyrannosaurus had relatively larger leg muscles than any animal alive today, which could have enabled fast running at 40 –. ", "Their thin legs give them great speed and maneuverability, too. They can run up to 40 mph (64.3 km/h) for sustained periods of time, according to the American Ostrich Association.", "Did you know Ostriches can exceed speeds of 40 miles per hour? The good folks of Chandler, Arizona, do. I’m thinking there may be alcohol involved.", "The fastest land animal is the cheetah, however the fastest animal in the world is the prerigine falcon, which can dive at 217mph", "While comparing between various classes of animals, a different unit is used, body length per second. The fastest animal on earth, relative to body length, is the South Californian mite Paratarsotomus macropalpis, which has a speed of 322 body lengths per second. The equivalent speed for a human running as fast as this mite would be 1300 mph. This is far in excess of the previous record holder, the Australian tiger beetle, Cicindela eburneola, the fastest insect in the world relative to body size, which has been recorded at or 171 body lengths per second. The cheetah, the fastest land mammal, scores at only 16 body lengths per second while Anna's hummingbird has the highest known length-specific velocity attained by any vertebrate.", "The cheetah is the fastest land animal and can reach speeds of up to 70 mph.", "The fastest land animal is the cheetah which has a recorded speed of . The peregrine falcon is the fastest bird, and the fastest member of the animal kingdom with a diving speed of 242 mph. The fastest animal in the sea is the black marlin, which has a recorded speed of 80 mph.", "The Cheetah is the world’s fastest land animal, capable of reaching speeds of up to 75 mph (120 km/h). Its awesome speed, acceleration and manoeuvrability allow it to hunt the antelopes which form the bulk of its diet.", "- The cheetah is the fastest animal on land and can reach speeds up to 70 miles per hour, yet can run only 400 to 600 yards before it is exhausted.", "Man Discovery channel lied to me! They said that the fastest animal on Earth is the Ostrich. :]", "It should be the Paragrine Falcon, although the Spine-tailed sift should get more credit than the Cheetah considering it can go 107 full on. I believe that this site is speaking of the fastest land animal.", "The Peregrine Falcon is the fastest bird, and in fact the fastest animal on the planet, when in its hunting dive, the stoop, in which it soars to a great height, then dives steeply at speeds of over 322kph (200mph). It reaches horizontal cruising speeds of up to 90 kph (56mph).", "Just to let you all know, you are all wrong. The spine tailed swift, also known has the white-throated needle-tail has reached recorded speeds of 106 mph, which is why they call it a swift. Now we are talking about level motion not gravity assisted plunge diving, so the peregrine falcon is not the world's fastest animal.", "Point is, when you hop a cheetah of a cliff, it will also go faster than 70 mph. Looking at it that way, in the right situation, the blue whale may just be the fastest animal on Earth, with its huge weight and aerodynamic build, it will go lightning fast once dropped 10 miles above the surface.", "When considering the broad scope of the fastest animal on the planet, the Top 10 list would probably consist mostly of birds, but in fairness to the land and water-based creatures, we’re going to hold the Peregrine Falcon and other high-speed birdies in a different category altogether. You see, when measuring the speed of birds based on traveling speed measured in level flying, the Peregrine Falcon isn’t the king of the air. Actually, it doesn’t even crack the Top 10. The title for fastest bird in this kind of flight goes to the Spine-Tailed Swift, which can hit a top level flying speed of 106 mph. Compare that to the Peregrine Falcon, which can hit a top speed of just about 60 mph in level flight - impressive in its own right, but not Top 10 material - and the Spine-Tailed Swift blows it out of the water.", "The peregrine falcon can free fall 180 mph. I can free fall 180mph, a snail could too. The swift is the fastest animal.", "The cheetah is the world's fastest land mammal. It can run at speeds of up to 70 miles an hour (113 kilometers an hour).", "the peregrine falcon is the fastest animal on earth and can come close 179 miles per hour and it can’t fly 180mph", "A giraffe has only two gaits: walking and galloping. Walking is done by moving the legs on one side of the body at the same time, then doing the same on the other side. When galloping, the hind legs move around the front legs before the latter move forward, and the tail will curl up. The animal relies on the forward and backward motions of its head and neck to maintain balance and the counter momentum while galloping. The giraffe can reach a sprint speed of up to 60 km/h, and can sustain 50 km/h for several kilometres. ", "SPEED FREAKS! 10 of THE FASTEST ANIMALS in the world! (World's fastest land animal, bird and fish!) - YouTube", "Despite its bulk, the ostrich can run at speeds of up to 45 mph if necessary.", "I was originally attracted to Salukis because I had heard about them through falconry. I thought they could run fast and it would be fun to watch them catch things. I was a hunter more than a dog person. The first time one of my Salukis actually caught a hare I was ecstatic; it kept me happy for over two weeks. Now I'm more or less used to it. I had read many accounts about how fast Salukis could run. The Guinness Book of Records said that the Saluki was the fastest dog (it has since recanted). Several of Esther Knapp's columns in the American Kennel Gazette told about Saluki speed. We measured the speeds of about fifty Salukis in this country and the fastest one we could find was Cirrus, whose best effort was ½ mile at 33½ mph. People racing Salukis in Europe (Germany) have reported speeds of 36 mph. But, if you read the literature, you encounter seemingly credible accounts of much higher speeds.", "These animals can hop, walk, gallop, or run. They are extremely swift and can reach 45 km per hour over long distances. They are also accomplished jumpers, often leaping 2 m high from a standing start. The feet are compact and rather hooflike, but with sharp claws. The hind foot has three digits; the front foot has four.", "The African wild ass is primarily active in the cooler hours between late afternoon and early morning, seeking shade and shelter among the rocky hills during the day. Swift and sure-footed in their rough, rocky habitat, the African wild ass has been clocked at 50 kilometers per hour (30 miles per hour).", "Weapons: Massive canine tusks (incisors can reach over a foot in length, while canines can reach up to 1 ½ feet) and the ability to beat feet at an amazing 19 mph when running on dry land.", "You may be thinking, “that’s not too shabby,” but as you will see, a 15 mph sprint would not be enough to win a race with any of the fastest animals on earth. Many animals can go much faster than we can—some of them predatory. What is the fastest animal on earth? Let’s find out.", "But if you don’t agree with the dive, there is still an animal that can fly at a speed of 105 miles per hour that animal or bird is spine tailed swift…" ]	[ 6.140625, 4.75, 4.50390625, 2.267578125, 1.6689453125, 1.619140625, 1.552734375, 1.4736328125, 1.2919921875, 1.1162109375, 1.1044921875, 0.98876953125, 0.892578125, 0.64501953125, 0.62353515625, 0.214599609375, 0.212890625, 0.1480712890625, 0.142822265625, -0.145751953125, -0.1810302734375, -0.27978515625, -0.35498046875, -0.65625, -1.455078125, -1.4833984375, -1.7138671875, -2.826171875, -3.181640625, -3.498046875, -3.87109375, -4.21484375 ]
Who is better known as Topolino in Italy?	[ "; born 29 September 1936) is an Italian politician and media tycoon who served three times as Prime Minister of Italy from 1994 to 1995, 2001 to 2006 and 2008 to 2011. Berlusconi is also the controlling shareholder of Mediaset and owner of A.C. Milan . He is nicknamed Il Cavaliere (The Knight) for his Order of Merit for Labour . [2] Berlusconi is the longest-serving post-war Prime Minister of Italy, and third longest-serving since the Unification of Italy , after Benito Mussolini and Giovanni Giolitti , holding three separate terms. Technically, he has been sworn in four times because after a cabinet reshuffle , as happened with Berlusconi in 2005, the new ministry is sworn in and subjected to a vote of confidence . He is the leader of the People of Freedom , a centre-right party he founded in 2009 as a successor to the Forza Italia party he previously led. From November 2009 to November 2011, he was the most senior leader of the G8 countries. In 2012, Forbes magazine ranked him as the 169th richest man in the world with a net worth of US$5.9 billion . [3]", "Italy is the home of opera music. Opera music was created in Italy in the 17th century by Italian music composer Claudio Monteverdi. He wrote his first opera in 1607 named L’Orfeo which was composed to commemorate the annual festival of Mantua. Since then opera music has become an institution in the world of Italian music and widely appreciated around the world. Italy has produced a consistent stream of some of the world’s best opera singers, conductors and composers up to the present day. The most famous names in the contemporary world of Italian opera music are probably Luciano Pavarotti and Andrea Bocelli who are both singers of opera music. Italy also houses some of the best venues for performing opera music in the world. Because the grandiose nature of opera music, it relies heavily on the presence of favourable acoustics in the building that the opera music is being performed in. Examples of fantastic opera houses in Italy can be found in Milan, Venice, Naples and Verona to name only a few.", "In Italy he is known as il Sommo Poeta (“the Supreme Poet”) or just il Poeta. He, Petrarch and Boccaccio are also known as “the three fountains” or “the three crowns”. Dante is also called “the Father of the Italian language”", "Pope Paul VI (; ), born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini (; 26 September 1897 – 6 August 1978), reigned as Pope from 21 June 1963 to his death in 1978. Succeeding Pope John XXIII, he continued the Second Vatican Council which he closed in 1965, implementing its numerous reforms, and fostered improved ecumenical relations with Eastern Orthodox and Protestants, which resulted in many historic meetings and agreements. Montini served in the Vatican's Secretariat of State from 1922 to 1954. While in the Secretariat of State, Montini and Domenico Tardini were considered as the closest and most influential colleagues of Pope Pius XII, who in 1954 named him Archbishop of Milan, the largest Italian diocese. Montini later became the Secretary of the Italian Bishops Conference. John XXIII elevated him to the College of Cardinals in 1958, and after the death of John XXIII, Montini was considered one of his most likely successors.", "The Italian novelist Dino Buzzati was a journalist at the Corriere della Sera. Other notable contributors include Eugenio Montale, Gabriele D'Annunzio, Italo Calvino, Alberto Moravia, Amos Oz, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Giovanni Spadolini, Oriana Fallaci, Alessandra Farkas, Lando Ferretti, Brunella Gasperini, Enzo Biagi, Indro Montanelli, Paolo Brera, Tracy Chevalier, Sergio Romano and Paolo Mieli. ", "Michelangelo Buonarroti, the greatest of the Italian Renaissance artists, was born in the small village of Caprese in 1475. The son of a government administrator, he grew up in Florence, a center of the early Renaissance movement, and became an artist's apprentice at age 13. Demonstrating obvious talent, he was taken under the wing of Lorenzo de' Medici, the ruler of the Florentine republic and a great patron of the arts. After demonstrating his mastery of sculpture in such works as the Pieta (1498) and David (1504), he was called to Rome in 1508 to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapelï¿½the chief consecrated space in the Vatican.", "Silvio Berlusconi, (born September 29, 1936, Milan , Italy), Italian media tycoon who served three times as prime minister of Italy (1994; 2001–06; 2008–11).", "Harlequin (; , , Old French Harlequin) is the best-known of the zanni or comic servant characters from the Italian Commedia dell'arte. Traditionally believed to have been introduced by Zan Ganassa in the late 16th century, the role was definitively popularized by the Italian actor Tristano Martinelli in Paris in 1584–1585 and became a stock character after Martinelli's death in 1630.", "Garibaldi in 1866Giuseppe Garibaldi (July 4, 1807 – June 2, 1882) was an Italian patriot and soldier of the Risorgimento. He personally led many of the military campaigns that brought about the formation of an unified Italy. He was called the \"Hero of the Two Worlds\", in tribute to his military expeditions in South America and Europe.", "1923 - Giovanni Minzoni (b. 1885), Italian Catholic priest and anti-fascist, who fought the introduction of the fascist youth movement, the Opera Nazionale Balilla, in Argenta, his home town, is murdered by two fascist squadristi, who smash his skull with a club. The case is a cause celebre in Italy.", "At his prime, Andreotti was one of Italy's most powerful men: he helped draft the country's constitution after the second world war, sat in parliament for 60 years and served as premier seven times. Until his death, he remained a senator-for-life.", "in 2000 - Toni Ortelli dies at age 95. Italian alpinist, conductor and composer from, born in Schio, the Veneto region of Italy. He is well known in the southern Alps regions of Italy, Austria and Switzerland for being the composer of the famous Trentino folk song \"La Montanara\"/The Song of the Mountains. He wrote the melody and lyrics in 1927 while being on an excursion in the mountains. Luigi Pigarelli has added other vocal parts to harmonize it to a choral piece. It has been translated into 148 languages.", "On 9 May 1978, after a summary \"process of the people\", Moro was murdered by Mario Moretti. It was also determined that the participation of . The corpse was found that same day in the trunk of a red Renault 4 in via Michelangelo Caetani in the historic centre of Rome. The location was mentioned by journalist Carmine Pecorelli as the residence of opera director Igor Markevitch who, according to some theories, was the alleged instigator of the whole kidnapping.", "LUCERNE MILAN VERONA VENICE Head south from Lucerne through spectacular Switzerland and into northern Italy, where your first stop will be Milan, fashion capital of the world. Your orientation tour will introduce you to the city’s iconic sights, including the vast Gothic cathedral (Duomo) and La Scala opera house. You’ll also see the planet’s oldest shopping mall, the 19th-century Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II, where you can wander among the boutique shops and take lunch in one of the refined cafes. From Milan, it’s a short journey to Verona, home to some of Italy’s finest architecture and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Here you’ll be taken on foot through streets lined with red-roofed buildings, and walk past the ancient Roman arena, which stages outdoor opera performances and music concerts to packed audiences throughout the summer.", "Florence is known as the \"cradle of the Renaissance\" (la culla del Rinascimento) for its monuments, churches, and buildings. The best-known site of Florence is the domed cathedral of the city, Santa Maria del Fiore, known as The Duomo, whose dome was built by Filippo Brunelleschi. The nearby Campanile (partly designed by Giotto) and the Baptistery buildings are also highlights. The dome, 600 years after its completion, is still the largest dome built in brick and mortar in the world. In 1982, the historic centre of Florence (Italian: centro storico di Firenze) was declared a World Heritage Site by the UNESCO. The centre of the city is contained in medieval walls that were built in the 14th century to defend the city. At the heart of the city, in Piazza della Signoria, is Bartolomeo Ammanati's Fountain of Neptune (1563–1565), which is a masterpiece of marble sculpture at the terminus of a still functioning Roman aqueduct.", "You read Charles Burney's biography of Carlo Broschi, a famous castrato singer who established his reputation for having a brilliant voice when he won a musical duel against somone playing a _____). He was better known by his nickname ______ He was born in_______, but he traveled and performed all over Europe", "Umberto is assassinated by an Italo- American anarchist named Gaetano Bresci in Monza. The reason is that Bresci wanted to avenge the people killed during the Bava-Beccaris massacre in Milan in May 1898. Umberto is laid to rest in the Pantheon in Rome, alongside his father.", "Famous People: Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi (writer and politician, 1804-1873), Dino Provenzal (writer, 1852-1922), Giovanni Fattori (artist, 1825-1908), Amedeo Modigliani (artist, 1884-1920), Pietro Mascagni (musician, 1864-1945), Dario Niccodemi (playwright, 1874-1934).", "Marconi died in Rome in 1937 at age 63 following a series of heart attacks, and Italy held a state funeral for him. As a tribute, all radio stations throughout the world observed two minutes of silence. His remains are housed in the Villa Griffone at Sasso Marconi, Emilia-Romagna, which assumed that name in his honour in 1938.", "Villa del Balbianello, famous for its elaborate terraced gardens, lies on a promontory of the western shore of the lake near Isola Comacina. Built in 1787 on the site of a Franciscan monastery, it was the final home of the explorer Guido Monzino and today houses a museum devoted to his work.", "Mario Sironi was an Italian painter, sculptor, designer and illustrator. He was also a late adherent to the Italian Futurist movement, adopting its artistic teachings in 1913. Seroni's style achieved singularity in the years following World War I, when he founded the Novecento Italiano movement, which called for a return to form in Italian art. Seroni's best known paintings recall the neo-classicism of early Picasso works, but also presage the metaphysical forms and subject matter evident in Surrealism.", "When Federico and Giulietta lived in a villa in the Fregene pinewood they were disturbed, day and night, by the planes starting the descent on Fiumicino airport. Author and screenwriter Bernardino Zapponi (1927-1999) who considered a plane to be ï¿½the oniric symbol of thoughtï¿½ was greatly disturbed every time he called on the Fellinis in Fregene but found consolation in Federicoï¿½s calm conversation and Giulietta delicious suppers.", "Announcing the death, the mayor of Rome, Gianni Alemanno, called Andreotti \"the most representative politician\" Italy had known in its recent history.", "was an Italian nationalist and soldier of the Risorgimento. He personally led many of the military campaigns that brought about the formation of a unified Italy. He was called the \"Hero of the Two Worlds,\" in tribute to his military adventures in South America and Europe.", ", 1486–1570, Italian sculptor and architect of the Renaissance. His surname was taken in place of his own, Tatti, as homage to the Florentine sculptor Andrea Sansovino, under whom he was apprenticed.", "He served in the Alpine corps of the Italian military and won several cross-country ski championships. After World War II, he moved to Cervinia, where he built a home and worked as a ski instructor and an alpine guide before being called by Mr. Desio to climb K2. He also wrote two books on his K2 experience, published in 1958 and 2004.", "Achille Compagnoni was one of two Italians who conquered the world's second-highest summit, the K2, on July 31, 1954. (AFP/ Getty Images/ File 1954)", "Il Palio is the name of the painted silk cloth that the winning contrada will bring home (there is no price money involved in the race). The Palio cloth is also called drappellone or cencio in Siena, and each contrada proudly exhibits the won Palii at its museum. The oldest still existing Palio dates back to 1719 and can be seen at the museum of the Aquila neighborhood. The silk clothes are traditionally painted by local artisans, but in more recent decades also by internationally known artists. Contrada Tartuca's museum exhibits Palios painted by Sandro Chia, Fernando Botero and Igor Mitoray. ", "Roberto Lorentini, then 31, a doctor from Arezzo, Tuscany, died in those moments as he tried in vain to save the life of Andrea Casula, an 11-year-old boy. His friend Francesco Caremani, whose book Heysel: The Truth has this month been translated in to English, says: \"He was fighting to rescue Andrea, the youngest victim. For this he posthumously received a silver medal for civic duty. He died like he lived.\"", "Many leading personalities of the Italian cultural life- intellectuals, journalists, politicians, composers or authors- have a connection to Milan.", "But who was it that wrote this piece? What do we know about his life and times? How did a simple country boy from Campinas manage to find himself in the midst of operatically minded Milan? And why did he lose favor with the public (both Brazilian and Italian) with such seeming finality?", "5.0 su 5 stelle A Good Book About a Good (But Flawed) Man in Africa 28 marzo 2014" ]	[ 0.060882568359375, -0.501953125, -1.53515625, -2.068359375, -3.125, -3.18359375, -4.16015625, -4.26953125, -4.3359375, -4.88671875, -5.0078125, -5.09375, -5.16015625, -5.28515625, -5.53125, -5.6015625, -5.66796875, -5.68359375, -5.703125, -5.88671875, -6.04296875, -6.46484375, -6.48828125, -6.5390625, -6.6328125, -6.8984375, -7.21484375, -7.58203125, -7.77734375, -8.3984375, -8.953125, -9.9765625 ]
Which stand-up comedian has the real name of Royston Vasey?	[ "Royston Vasey draws on the upbringing of all the League's members - Mark Gatiss, Steve Pemberton, Reece Shearsmith and Jeremy Dyson - all of whom were raised in the north of England. The name Royston Vasey is the real name of British stand-up comedian Roy 'Chubby' Brown. Brown played the part of the town's mayor in a cameo appearance.", "Royston Vasey is a small fictional town in the north of England, and the setting of the BBC television comedy series The League of Gentlemen . It has made famous the comedic phrase \"a Local Shop for Local People\". Royston Vasey is the real name of British stand-up comedian Roy 'Chubby' Brown , who played the part of the town's Mayor in a cameo appearance . Filming of the television series took place in the Derbyshire village of Hadfield .", "Sign Up Facebook helps you connect and share with the people in your life. The village sign reads, \"Welcome to Royston Vasey. You'll never leave!\" In real life, Royston Vasey is the given name of comedian Roy 'Chubby' Brown, who makes several of British stand-up comedian Roy 'Chubby' Brown, who played the part of the town's Mayor in a cameo appearance. The town has a sign which states Welcome to Royston Vasey.", "His real name, Royston Vasey , was used as the namesake for the fictional town in the comedy television show The League of Gentlemen . He also made several cameo appearances as the foulmouthed mayor of the town.", "His real name, Royston Vasey, was used as the name for the fictional town in the comedy television show The League of Gentlemen. He also made several cameo appearances as the foul-mouthed mayor of the town.", "Alan Roger Davies ( ; born 6 March 1966) is an English stand-up comedian, writer and actor. He has played the title role in the BBC mystery drama series Jonathan Creek since 1997, and has been a permanent panellist on the BBC panel show QI from 2003.", "Craig Ferguson (born 17 May 1962) is a Scottish-American television host, stand-up comedian, writer, actor, director, producer and voice artist. He is the host of the syndicated game show Celebrity Name Game, and the host of Join or Die with Craig Ferguson on History. He was also the host of The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson, an Emmy Award-nominated, Peabody Award-winning late-night talk show that aired on CBS from 2005 to 2014. ", "Jeff Foxworthy is an American stand-up comedian and actor. As the best-selling comedy recording artist of all time, he is a member of the Blue Collar Comedy Tour, a comedy troupe which also comprises Larry the Cable Guy, Bill Engvall, and Ron White. Known for his \"you might be a redneck if…\" one-liners, Foxworthy has released six major-label comedy albums.", "As a stand-up comic he made several series for the BBC and appeared on numerous TV and radio programmes, including two series of travel films in Ireland and the Appalachian Mountains of America. He also played rock and roll with his band, the Stylos, with the Lowe Brothers. He has had many albums and singles released, whilst the latter included \"Man 'nited Song\". As well as comedy, he has released albums of serious songs, most notably Bombers' Moon, the title track of which tells of his father's death. [4] The album also contains \"The Accrington Pals \" and cover versions of Bruce Springsteen 's \"Factory\" and Eric Bogle 's \" And the Band Played Waltzing Matilda \".", "Paul is a stand -up comedian/speaker, writing and performing his material and with a sharp line in observational comedy.", "Veteran British stand-up comedian (real name Robert Davis) who has been performing since the 1970s. He is also a folk singer and incorporates this into his act, both conventional comic songs and also Visual Pun or Literal-Minded gags such as (strums guitar) \"#Unforgettable...\" (trails off with confused, searching look)", "Dodd's stand-up comedy style is fast and relies on the rapid delivery of one-liner jokes. He has claimed that his comic influences include other Liverpool comedians like Arthur Askey, Robb Wilton, Tommy Handley and the \"cheeky chappy\" from Brighton, Max Miller. He intersperses the comedy with occasional songs, both serious and humorous, in an incongruously fine light baritone voice.", "HARRY HILL is regarded as one of the UK's finest and most original comedy acts. His unique brand of humour – interweaving running gags, inventive use of music, short films and far-fetched yarns – has been rewarded with numerous awards, nominations and accolades. Greatly admired across the Atlantic, Harry made an acclaimed appearance on The Late Show (CBS), and the show's famous host and chat-show-king, DAVID LETTERMAN, has since personally invited HARRY back on the show seven times – a record for a British stand-up. His pedigree as a live performer is well known, and in 2002 he was personally invited to perform as the only non-music act by DAVID BOWIE at his Meltdown event at London's Royal Festival Hall.", "The Ben Elton Show (1998) followed a format similar to The Man from Auntie and featured Ronnie Corbett, a comedian of the old guard that the \"alternative comedians\" of the 1980s were the direct alternative to, as a regular guest. It was Elton's last high-profile network programme in the UK as a stand-up comedian.", "He began performing as a stand-up comedian in 1989 at the age of 19, and since 1997 has produced ten solo shows which have toured internationally. He has performed at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe, the Melbourne International Comedy Festival and the Montreal Just for Laughs festival, earning three consecutive Edinburgh Award nominations for his Edinburgh shows in 2001, 2002 and 2003.", "Former Science Museum guide turned stand-up comedian whose big break into show business was reaching the final of the Channel 4-sponsored So You Think You're Funny? competition at the 2002 Edinburgh Festival. He makes regular radio appearances on LBC and BBC London.", "James Kimberley Corden, OBE (born 22 August 1978) is an English actor, writer, producer, comedian and television host. He currently hosts the late-night television talk show The Late Late Show with James Corden on CBS, succeeding Craig Ferguson, whose decade-long tenure on The Late Late Show ended in December 2014. Corden has also presented the Sky 1 comedy panel show A League of Their Own since 2010.", "A former trucker, pooper scooper, & charm school graduate from Charlotte, North Carolina, Julie has been touring as a full time standup comedian for over 15 years. On the road approximately 36 weeks a year with one week a month set aside for “marriage preservation”. Julie’s regularly heard on XM/Sirius Blue Collar Radio, as well as many syndicated stations including the John Boy & Billy Show, and the Bob & Sheri Show, (Charlotte, NC), & the Bob & Tom Show (Indianapolis, IN). A Southern girl with universal appeal, Julie’s shows sell out from Florida to Oregon.", "comedian, actor: Driving Miss Daisy, Sneakers, Coneheads, Saturday Night Live, Dragnet, Ghostbusters, The Blues Brothers, Pearl Harbor", "Marcus Brigstocke is an English comedian, actor and satirist who has worked extensively in stand-up comedy, television, radio and theatre.", "Comedian previously known to some after playing Jerwayne in E4 sitcom Phoneshop was the star of this energetic variety/sketch show, which tackled issues of race and hypocrisy in Britain, and featured stand-up sequences and live music performances.", "Gordon Angus Deayton known professionally as Angus Deayton, is an English actor, writer, musician, comedian, and broadcaster. He was the original presenter of the satirical panel game Have I Got News for You, a job from which he was dismissed in October 2002 after a second round of tabloid allegations about his personal life. He also played Victor Meldrew's long-suffering neighbour Patrick Trench in the comedy series One Foot in the Grave, and George Windsor in the final three series of Waterloo Road.", "Jason's innovative and fresh comedy style endorsing high-active lunacy engages audiences and promises that their is no comedian currently that compares to him. His fast, free-wheeling style, fused with an array of off-beat props, makes his act a helter-skelter of a show – where the audience are promised the ride of their lives. He has been one of the fastest selling performers at the last 11 Edinburgh Fringe Festivals, where his sell out shows have attracted Best Headliner Chortle Award in 2007, a nomination for 1998 Perrier Newcomer Award, and then a much revered Perrier Award Nomination for his outstanding 2001 show.", "Known for his improvisation skill, his humour is rooted in deadpan, surreal and sometimes dark comedy. Considered by some critics, fellow comedians and members of the public to be among Britain's greatest comedians, he is well known for his regular appearances as a team captain on the BBC panel game Have I Got News for You, and as the former host of Room 101, as well as for several appearances on the original British version of the improvisional comedy television show Whose Line Is It Anyway?", "Comedian and actor. Known for his appearance on 'Opportunity Knocks' and in the film 'Funny Bones'.", "His solo shows are established highlights at the Adelaide Fringe, the Melbourne International Comedy Festival, and the Edinburgh Fringe, where he regularly sells over 10,000 tickets in the month. He is the only Australian comedian to have performed at the US Comedy Arts Festival in Aspen, and is a regular star of the Cat Laughs Kilkenny Comedy Festival in Ireland, and The Just For Laughs Festival in Montreal, where he has performed more times than any other Australian.", "Heard the one about the comedian? The standups joking about each other \| Stage \| The Guardian", "Craig Ferguson (born 17 May 1962) is a Scottish-born actor/comedian and former host of The Late Late Show. He was succeeded by British comedy actor James Corden.", "Russell Edward Brand (born 4 June 1975) is an English comedian, actor, radio host, author, and activist.", "Adrian Charles \"Ade\" Edmondson is an English comedian, writer, director, actor, and musician. He is probably best known for his comedic roles in the television series The Young Ones (1982–1984) and Bottom (1991–2003), which he also wrote together with his long-time comedy partner Rik Mayall.", "ir George Edward Wade (20 September 1869 – 29 November 1954), better known by his stage name, George Robey, was an English music hall comedian and singer. He was known by audiences as the \"Prime Minister of Mirth\".", "Resident comic serves up some crowd-pleasing comedy punctuated by his quick wit and at-ease stage presence." ]	[ 7.9453125, 7.93359375, 6.9140625, 2.19921875, 2.0390625, -1.572265625, -2.02734375, -3.29296875, -3.7578125, -5.08984375, -5.26171875, -5.6015625, -5.83984375, -6.15234375, -6.6015625, -6.9375, -7.015625, -7.05859375, -7.2890625, -7.390625, -7.625, -7.75390625, -8.3671875, -8.53125, -8.5625, -8.796875, -8.9609375, -9.3515625, -9.65625, -9.7109375, -9.75, -9.8125 ]
In which series of action films does the character of John McClane appear?	[ "He is well known for the role of John McClane in the Die Hard series, which were mostly critical and uniformly financial successes. He has also appeared in over sixty films, including box office hits like Pulp Fiction (1994), 12 Monkeys (1995), The Fifth Element (1997), Armageddon (1998), The Sixth Sense (1999), Unbreakable (2000), Sin City (2005), The Expendables (2010), The Expendables 2 (2012), Moonrise Kingdom (2012) and G.I. Joe: Retaliation (2013).", "John McClane is a fictional character and the protagonist of the Die Hard film series. He is portrayed by Bruce Willis. He is known for his sardonic one-liners, including the famous catchphrase \"Yippee-ki-yay, motherfucker\".", "The Die Hard film series is one of the most critically and commercially successful and popular action film series released by Hollywood. The series is composed of the five Die Hard films: Die Hard , Die Hard 2 , Die Hard with a Vengeance , Live Free or Die Hard and A Good Day to Die Hard . which all follow reluctant hero John McClane as he finds himself in the \"wrong place at the wrong time\" and must fight terrorists and save his loved ones. Combined, all five films have so far grossed over $1.2 billion dollars from the original released in 1988 to the fifth film's release in 2013.", "Die Hard 2 (sometimes referred to as Die Hard 2: Die Harder) [1] is a 1990 American action film, and the second in the Die Hard film series . It was directed by Renny Harlin , and stars Bruce Willis as John McClane . The film co-stars Bonnie Bedelia (reprising her role as Holly McClane), William Sadler , Art Evans , William Atherton (reprising his role as Richard \"Dick\" Thornburg), Franco Nero , Dennis Franz , Fred Thompson , John Amos , and Reginald VelJohnson , returning briefly in his role as Sgt. Al Powell from the first film .", "Plot: \"The best of the best is back and better than ever\" (WNYW-TV) in the latest installment of the pulse-pounding thrill-a-minute Die Hard action films. New York City detective John McClane (Bruce Willis) delivers old-school justice to a new breed of terrorists when a massive computer attack on the U.S. infrastructure threatens to shut down the entire country over Independence Day weekend.", "Live Free or Die Hard (A.K.A. Die Hard 4.0): The third sequel and fourth film in the Die Hard series finds John McClane and a computer geek going up against a corrupt computer hacker and his terrorist group.", "Before production of A Good Day to Die Hard, Bruce Willis stated that he hoped to retire the character of John McClane after the sixth film. Willis said \"At the moment, I can run and I can fight on screen. But there will come a time when I no longer want to do that. That's when I’ll step away from the Die Hard films\". ", "Here is John McClane from the first Die Hard film (my personal favorite of both the films and these minifigs).", "Earlier this morning, we posted an article that announced that there is to be a sixth movie in the Die Hard series (it might be called Die Hard: Year One), and that movie will be a prequel/ sequel, partially set in the year 1979. Now, it’s pretty obvious that Bruce Willis won’t be playing the younger John McClane in the movie, but who could?", "The fourth film takes place on Independence Day, over a decade after Die Hard with a Vengeance. McClane is divorced, and estranged from his daughter Lucy (Mary Elizabeth Winstead). Cyber-terrorists hack into computers at the FBI, who had sent McClane to bring in computer hacker Matthew \"Matt\" Farrell (Justin Long) for questioning. Assassins hired by terrorist mastermind Thomas Gabriel (Timothy Olyphant) attempt to kill McClane and Farrell. Farrell tells McClane that the terrorists are actually in the middle of a \"fire sale\" — a crippling cyber-warfare attack on the national infrastructure: power, public utilities, traffic, and other computer-controlled systems. Although the terrorists capture Lucy and Farrell, McClane foils the criminals and saves the hostages.", "Several people have pointed out that the original Die Hard is John McClane's origin story, in that he was just a regular cop before he had to step up and take on a team of terrorists to save his wife, and argue that inventing further originals just takes away from the canon. ", "In the first Die Hard movie, McClane carries a Beretta 92F as his duty weapon. In the next two movies, his service pistol is a Beretta 92FS, even though the NYPD has never issued the Beretta 92 for duty use. He later uses a Sig P220 as his duty gun in the fourth and fifth movies of the series. ", "In Loaded Weapon 1, Bruce Willis has a cameo appearance as John McClane himself, living in a trailer. In the scene the character appears in, a helicopter flies to what the pilot believes is the beach trailer home of the film's protagonist, Emilio Estevez, and peppers it with bullets, causing it to explode. Instead of it being Estevez crawling out of the wreckage, it turns out to be John McClane himself, wearing a grubby vest and white flag. The gunman asks sheepishly whether or not he has the right address, with McClane helpfully pointing them in the right direction; McClane then receives an apology from the pilot for the mistake.", "Speaking of Die Hard, I was recently quite shocked to find out that there are tales of John McClane outside the realm of cinema. Apparently there’s this comic book called Die Hard: Year One and it tells the story of McClane as a rookie cop back in the 70’s.", "The premise of the series is this: in each film, resilient and wise-cracking New York cop John McClane, played by Bruce Willis in all of the films, discovers a huge plot involving terrorists of some stripe. He is often thrust unexpectedly into the middle of a crime, and must use his resourcefulness to get himself out. McClane is a brutal guy who is not above having fistfights or shooting bad guys or using explosives. He is untrusted by his superiors. He has a tempestuous marriage that will eventually end, as well as two children. There is no other arc to John McClane's life. He is un-nuanced. He's just a fun action star.", "Die Hard 4: Live Free or Die Hard [24] John McClane takes on an Internet-based terrorist organization who is systematically shutting down the United States.", "Motherfcker optional. McClane's iconic catchphrase has had one outing per Die Hard movie, even if its fourth utterance was muffled by gun-fire. Hans Gruber is the first recipient, prompted by his insistence on calling McClane 'cowboy'; Colonel Stewart would have heard it too, had he not just recently exploded; Simon Gruber's chopper crash elicits the third; and it's the last thing Thomas Gabriel ever hears before he's shot.", "The second film was the only one in the series to suggest McClane has achieved any level of fame from his actions, with various people scoffing at his media appearances. In real life, the passengers on United 93 are lauded as heroes, and they didn't survive their counterattack on their hijackers. If McClane was a real person, his face would have been added to the U.S. flag by now...", "In the third film, McClane is back in New York City, separated from his wife, suspended from the police force, and a borderline alcoholic. A terrorist known only as \"Simon\" (Jeremy Irons) threatens to blow up various locations in the city unless McClane will play his twisted version of Simon Says, riddles and challenges.", " Bruce Willis as John McClane, a streetwise New York cop who has come to Los Angeles to reconcile with his wife", "John McClane ( Bruce Willis ) holds the Beretta 92F while hiding in the Nakatomi boardroom.", "Action Hero : Whilst McClane's ability to think on his feet is his strongest assett, he's not afraid to get his hands dirty.", "Sequel Reset : No matter what adventures McClane may go on, by the start of the next film he'll be back to being a Jerk Ass with a miserable home life. Seriously, this is a man who has now single-handedly thwarted four major terrorist attacks on the country (well, only one was actually terrorism, the other three were robberies disguised as terrorist acts), but still McClane should seriously be invited to train Delta Force in urban combat and anti-terrorist tactics.", "Along the way, McClane accumulates a friendly and fierce shop-owner named Zeus (Samuel L. Jackson), and much of the film depends on the banter and chemistry between the grizzled white cop, and the no-nonsense black civilian. Maybe that’s why people objected to the film: John McClane, by 1995, was seen as an all-American lone wolf badass, and pairing him up with a mismatched “buddy,” in what is essentially an ancient movie trope, seemed to cheapen the character.", "After the terrifying events in LA, John McClane (Willis) is about to go through it all again. A team of terrorists, led by Col. Stuart (Sadler) is holding the entire airport hostage. The terrorists are planning to rescue a drug lord from justice. In order to do so, they have seized control of all electrical equipment affecting all planes. With no runway lights available, all aircraft have to remain in the air, with fuel running low, McClane will need to be fast. Written by Film_Fan", "The second film takes place a year after the first, again on Christmas Eve. In Washington, D.C., McClane waits for his wife at Washington Dulles International Airport. Mercenaries led by former U.S. Army Special Forces Colonel Stuart (William Sadler) take over the airport communication systems, stranding planes in the air, including the one with McClane's wife. Colonel Stuart wants to free a captured Latin American dictator (Franco Nero) en route to the airport. McClane discovers the plan, including a conspiracy between Stuart and an Army counter-terrorist unit sent to stop him. He foils their plans and provides a visual landing signal for the circling aircraft by exploding the villains' getaway plane.", "In the franchise's first film, McClane takes on an internationally-based group of thugs who have seized control of Nakatomi Plaza in LA. The group have taken hostages and generally hold out on the 30th floor. Though it initially seems to be a straight forward terrorist attack, McClane eventually finds out that the terrorists are not terrorists at all, and the group is actually attempting to steal $640 million dollars worth of bearer bonds from the buildings vault. The main antagonists in this movie are Hans Gruber , Karl , Theo and Eddie .", "When the terrorists overheard his alert, McClane escaped their gunfire and pursuit by moving through a maze of airducts and ventilation/elevator shafts from the rooftop, in a tense cat-and-mouse sequence. McClane killed two more terrorists, Heinrich (Gary Roberts) and Marco (Lorenzo Caccialanza), and took detonators from Heinrich's bag. To alert Officer Powell to problems inside (Powell had determined he was on a \"wild goose chase\"), McClane heaved the dead body of Marco out of the skyscraper onto his patrol car as he pulled away. Powell radioed in: \"Police under automatic rifle fire at Nakatomi. I need back-up assistance now!\" Sirens sounded from multiple police cars as the building was surrounded by LAPD, although Gruber called it only \"inconvenient timing.\" When McClane radioed Gruber, he was called the \"mysterious party crasher\" and \"Mr. Mystery Guest\" - and misidentified as a security guard. For clarity's sake, McClane identified himself: \"Just a fly in the ointment, Hans, the monkey in the wrench, the pain in the ass...\" Gruber wasn't satisfied: \"You know my name, but who are you? Just another American who saw too many movies as a child? Another orphan of a bankrupt culture who thinks he's John Wayne? Rambo? Marshal Dillon?\" McClane responded: \"I was always kinda partial to Roy Rogers actually. I really liked those sequined shirts.\" When Gruber replied: \"Do you really think you have a chance against us, Mr. Cowboy?\", McClane delivered his most familiar line: \"Yippee-kai-yay, motherf--ker.\"", "McClane hitches a ride on a news helicopter that drops him off on the left wing of the mercenary plane and he blocks the ailerons with his jacket, preventing the plane from taking off. Grant emerges and fights McClane, but is sucked into the jet engine and killed. Stuart comes out to fight next, and succeeds in knocking McClane off the plane, but not before McClane knocks open the fuel hatch. After landing, McClane uses his cigarette lighter to ignite the trail of leaking fuel, which races down the runway to the wing, ignites the rest of the fuel and destroys the jet, killing all on board. The passenger planes, circling in the air, use the lighted trail to land, and McClane and his wife are reunited.", "McClane fights his way through the building, outnumbered thirteen to one and contacts the police on a stolen radio. When the police send Sergeant Al Powell to investigate, McClane gets his attention by throwing the body of Marco , a terrorist he killed, onto his car. McClane fights to save the hostages and defeat the terrorists who are revealed to really be thieves after $640 million in the building's vault.", "McClane, getting no help from airport security (led by Captain Carmine Lorenzo ), takes on the terrorists led by Colonel Stuart himself. He saves Leslie Barnes from being killed and kills three of Stuart's men. In retaliation, Stuart causes one of the planes to crash, killing over 230 people. Learning from a radio that General Esperanza has arrived, McClane tries to capture him, but is ambushed by Stuart and his men and barley escapes through an ejector seat. Finding Stuart's hideout with help from Barnes, McClane helps in an attack by an Army Special Forces unit led by Major Grant and kills two more of the terrorists, but can't understand it why when using one of the terrorists machine guns he wasn't able to cause any harm.", "What is the name of the main character played in Bruce Willis in the \"Die Hard\" films?" ]	[ 5.66796875, 5.62890625, 5.37109375, 4.42578125, 3.6875, 3.298828125, 1.998046875, 1.8720703125, 1.4228515625, 0.7265625, 0.572265625, 0.51025390625, 0.32470703125, -0.146484375, -0.239990234375, -0.5029296875, -0.75146484375, -1.265625, -1.6201171875, -1.701171875, -1.7138671875, -2.8828125, -3.1171875, -3.265625, -3.37109375, -3.416015625, -4.3984375, -6.1953125, -6.2890625, -6.3203125, -6.40234375, -7.90234375 ]
According to the Bible on what day did God create the beasts of the Earth?	[ "Genesis 1:24–27 states that God made the land animals, as well as the first man and woman, on Day Six of Creation Week. Genesis 2:18–23 tells us that Adam named the animals before Eve was created. So how could Adam have named all the animals in one day?", "If we compare this naming list with the creation list in Genesis 1:20–25 —birds and sea creatures (created on Day Five), beasts of the earth, cattle, creeping things—we see there are several very significant differences. 2 Adam was not required to name any of the sea creatures, or any of the creeping things. And as the beasts of the field were not specifically mentioned in the creation list, we can regard them as being a subdivision of the beasts of the earth. That is, Adam was required to name only some of the total land animal population of his own day.", "Day 6 - God created the animals to fill the earth. On day six, God also created man and woman ( Adam and Eve ) in his own image to commune with him. He blessed them and gave them every creature and the whole earth to rule over, care for, and cultivate.", "According to the Book of Genesis (the first book of the Hebrew Bible), God first created Adam on the sixth day. He put him in the Garden of Eden and went away to create other things like animals, trees, rivers, etc. (including trees of knowledge and life). Then after he brought all the animals to Adam to give them some names. Adam named every one of them but didn’t find any of the animals to be a good companion for him.", "If, however, God used the daylight period, there is no reason to suppose that His creative acts in making the animals and Adam took any longer than the instant for Him to command these events to happen. 1 So either way it need not have taken any time at all beyond first light on Day Six for all the land animals and Adam to have come into existence.", "Many who have studied the Bible believe that it does mention dinosaurs in the text. Specifically, Genesis 1:21 says that God created \"great sea monsters\" on the fifth day. 1 The Hebrew word tannîyn, can have several meanings, including \"dragon,\" \"serpent,\" \"sea monster,\" or \"venomous snake.\" 2 An analysis of other Old Testament verses indicates that this word usually refers to contemporary aquatic animals or snakes:", "On the fifth day of creation god shaped and breathed life into all the creatures of the sea, at which time he also created Leviathan to serve as ruler of the seas. No mortal weapon could penetrate the leviathan's shimmering scales and no living thing on earth could ever hope to oppose it's might.", "This portrays Noah as presenting a version of theistic evolution. 😡 Yet Genesis 1 reports Yahweh created animal kinds from scratch in two regular days, not over eons through evolution. Later the movie shows men hunting a “lizard-dog,” an obvious attempt to legitimize a “missing link” or “transitional form” which has never existed.", "Day 7: Genesis 2:1-3 On day seven, God's creation was done and so He made a special day, as a memorial for all of eternity, so that we will remember His creation. He called Day 7 the \"Sabbath\". God rested on, and blessed this specific day. ", "And God made the beast of the earth after his kind, and cattle after their kind, and every thing that creepeth upon the earth after his kind: and God saw that it was good. Genesis 1:25", "20 And God said, “Let the water teem with living creatures, and let birds fly above the earth across the vault of the sky.”21 So God created the great creatures of the sea and every living thing with which the water teems and that moves about in it, according to their kinds, and every winged bird according to its kind. And God saw that it was good. 22 God blessed them and said, “Be fruitful and increase in number and fill the water in the seas, and let the birds increase on the earth.” 23 And there was evening, and there was morning—the fifth day.", "God creates the world in six days and consecrates the seventh as a day of rest. God creates the first humans Adam and Eve and all the animals in the Garden of Eden but instructs them not to eat the fruit of the tree of knowledge of good and evil. A talking serpent, portrayed as a deceptive creature or trickster, entices Eve into eating it anyway, and she entices Adam, whereupon God curses them and throws them out in the fall of man. Eve bears two sons, Cain and Abel. Cain kills Abel after God accepts Abel's offering but not Cain's. God then curses Cain. Eve bears another son, Seth, to take Abel's place.", "\"Then God said, 'Let the waters teem with swarms of living creatures, and let birds fly above the earth in the open expanse of the heavens.' God created the great sea monsters and every living creature that moves, with which the waters swarmed after their kind, and every winged bird after its kind; and God saw that it was good. God blessed them, saying, 'Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas, and let birds multiply on the earth.' There was evening and there was morning, a fifth day.\" - Genesis 1:20-23", "From our series entitled, \"The Biblical Account of Creation: Does It Square With Scientific Evidence Today?\", This clip discusses the question: On creation day four, the moon and the stars became distinctly visible from earth's surface for the first time. Did God make the sun, the moon and the stars on the fourth day?", "24 And God said, “Let the land produce living creatures according to their kinds: the livestock, the creatures that move along the ground, and the wild animals, each according to its kind.” And it was so. 25 God made the wild animals according to their kinds, the livestock according to their kinds, and all the creatures that move along the ground according to their kinds. And God saw that it was good.", "24 God said, “I command the earth to give life to all kinds of tame animals, wild animals, and reptiles.” And that’s what happened. 25 God made every one of them. Then he looked at what he had done, and it was good.", "24 k Then God said: Let the earth bring forth every kind of living creature: tame animals, crawling things, and every kind of wild animal. And so it happened: 25God made every kind of wild animal, every kind of tame animal, and every kind of thing that crawls on the ground. God saw that it was good. 26 l Then God said: Let us make * human beings in our image, after our likeness. Let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, the birds of the air, the tame animals, all the wild animals, and all the creatures that crawl on the earth.", "Grace : Now children, are you sitting comfortably? Then I'll begin... This story started many thousands of years ago, and it was all over in just 7 days. All that long long time ago, none of the things we can see now, the sun, the moon, the stars, the earth, the animals and plants, not a single one existed. Only God existed. And so only he could have created them. And he did.", "God formed Adam out of earth (\"adamah\"), and set him in the Garden of Eden, to watch over it. Adam is allowed to eat of all the fruit within it, except that of the \"Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil.\" God then brings all the animals to Adam (2:19). In verse 2:18, God says he will make a helper for Adam, singular, and then creates the animals. In 2:20, Adam studies all the animals and names them. He does not find his helpmate and notices that all the other animals have helpmates for them (the male and female). When Adam realizes this, God then puts him into a deep sleep, takes a rib from his side, and from it forms a woman (called later \"Eve\"), to be his companion (his helpmate).", "\"And God said, \"Let the waters under the heavens be gathered together into one place, and let the dry land appear.\" And it was so. God called the dry land Earth, and the waters that were gathered together he called Seas.\" (Genesis 1:9-10 RSV) (see The Seven Days Of Creation and Seven Days of Creation? )", "Job 40:15–24 describes Behemoth, and then the sea-monster Leviathan, to demonstrate to Job the futility of questioning God, who alone has created these beings and who alone can capture them. Both beasts are chaos monsters destroyed by the deity at the time of creation, although such a conflict is not found in the Genesis creation narrative. ", "Genesis 9:1-2: 'And God blessed Noah and his sons, and said unto them, Be fruitful, and multiply, and fill the earth. And the fear of you and the dread of you shall be upon every beast of the earth, and upon every fowl of the air, upon all that moveth upon the earth, and upon all the fish of the sea; into your hand are they delivered.'", "When the Lord said, \"Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place and let the dry land appear,\" also when he said, \"Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit-tree yielding fruit . . . it was so.\" Then God set two great lights in the heavens and made the stars also, and when He spoke the word, \"it was so.\" He said, \"Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life, the fowl that may fly above the earth in the open firmament,\" and it was so. When God said, \"Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle, and creeping thing, the beast of the earth after his kind,\" it was so. When he spoke, it was always so. That is creation.", "Job is perhaps the earliest book that was written (around 2000 BC??). Behemoth (Job 40) and Leviathan (Job 41) can reasonably be understood as referring to certain species of massive dinosaurs living on earth at that time--Behemoth lived on or near land and the Leviathan lived in the sea. This contradicts evolutionary theory which says that the dinosaurs became extinct millions of years before man came upon the scene. The book of Job is about a godly man who was severely tested by the Lord in order to demonstrate something to Satan. It has much to teach us as to why God sometimes allows the righteous to suffer.", "The Bible refers to Leviathan and Rahab, from the Hebrew Tanakh; 'great creatures of the sea' (NIV) are also mentioned in Book of Genesis 1:21.", "7 The Lord then said to Noah, “Go into the ark, you and your whole family, because I have found you righteous in this generation. 2 Take with you seven pairs of every kind of clean animal, a male and its mate, and one pair of every kind of unclean animal, a male and its mate, 3 and also seven pairs of every kind of bird, male and female, to keep their various kinds alive throughout the earth. 4 Seven days from now I will send rain on the earth for forty days and forty nights, and I will wipe from the face of the earth every living creature I have made.”", "And God blessed Noah and his sons and said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth. The fear of you and the dread of you shall be upon every beast of the earth and upon every bird of the heavens, upon everything that creeps on the ground and all the fish of the sea. Into your hand they are delivered. Every moving thing that lives shall be food for you. And as I gave you the green plants, I give you everything. But you shall not eat flesh with its life, that is, its blood. And for your lifeblood I will require a reckoning: from every beast I will require it and from man. From his fellow man I will require a reckoning for the life of man. ...", " When the LORD God made the earth and the heavens-- 5and no shrub of the field had yet appeared on the earth and no plant of the field had yet sprung up, for the LORD God had not sent rain on the earth and there was no man to work the ground, 6but streams came up from the earth and watered the whole surface of the ground-- 7the LORD God formed the man from the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living being.", "The Hebrew rendition of Gen. 2:5 is that, \"there was no Adam to till the ground.\" There were none of the Adamic kind on earth before Adam was created, but there were other humanoid kinds.ï¿½", " 10He makes springs pour water into the ravines; it flows between the mountains. 11They give water to all the beasts of the field; the wild donkeys quench their thirst. 12The birds of the air nest by the waters; they sing among the branches. 13He waters the mountains from his upper chambers; the earth is satisfied by the fruit of his work. 14He makes grass grow for the cattle, and plants for man to cultivate-- bringing forth food from the earth: 15wine that gladdens the heart of man, oil to make his face shine, and bread that sustains his heart. 16The trees of the LORD are well watered, the cedars of Lebanon that he planted. 17There the birds make their nests; the stork has its home in the pine trees. 18The high mountains belong to the wild goats; the crags are a refuge for the coneys.", "These verses show a succession of WORLD EMPIRES depicted by different metals composing the giant image. These were literal kingdoms. What you have just learned is vital knowledge that very few understand today. God expressly reveals to us now that He is the One who establishes and removes—and establishes and removes again—earthly kingdoms. This has much to do with the identity of the beast.", "Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, These are the beasts which ye shall eat among all the beasts that are on the earth." ]	[ 2.587890625, 2.5703125, 2.509765625, 1.6455078125, 0.63916015625, -0.03497314453125, -0.1300048828125, -0.353271484375, -0.7431640625, -0.916015625, -1.1806640625, -1.19921875, -1.6337890625, -1.853515625, -1.880859375, -2.21875, -2.318359375, -2.529296875, -2.810546875, -3.224609375, -3.59375, -3.65625, -3.91796875, -3.9765625, -4.171875, -4.51953125, -4.67578125, -5.24609375, -5.3125, -5.6015625, -6.15625, -7.86328125 ]
What cartoon characters are described as being three apples high?	[ "The storylines tend to be simple tales of bold adventure. The cast has a simple structure as well: almost all the characters look essentially alike—mostly male (a few female Smurfs have appeared: Smurfette, Sassette, and Nanny Smurf), short (three apples high), with blue skin, white trousers with a hole for their short tails, white hat in the style of a Phrygian cap, and sometimes some additional accessory that identifies a personality (for example, \"Handy Smurf\" wears overalls instead of the standard trousers, a brimmed hat, and a pencil above his ear). Smurfs can walk and run, but often move by skipping on both feet. They love to eat sarsaparilla (a species of Smilax) leaves, whose berries the Smurfs naturally call \"smurfberries\" (the smurfberries appear only in the cartoon; in the original comics, the Smurfs only eat the leaves from the sarsaparilla).", "Contrary to popular belief, the phrase that is often used to describe the height of most Smurfs (\"three apples high,\" the direct translation of the French idiom \"haut comme trois pommes\") was never a precise scientific measurement. It means that something is really small, and an English equivalent would be \"knee-high to a grasshopper\".", "One of the initial considerations for tiny Smurfs was just how to make seven-inch tall - officially 'three apples high' - blue-skinned characters read in a live-action film, and one that would also be stereo-converted. \"The attitude towards the design process was to be true to the original as much as possible,\" says Imageworks visual effects supervisor Richard Hoover. \"For the blue skin, we used a lot of humanistic reference with pores and peach fuzz and wrinkles around their eyes and various levels of translucency. We built their anatomy and their facial controls based on what we expected from a human performance, albeit with an view towards the unique things about Smurfs - large eyes and ears and a larger head.\"", "Cartoon Characters: Bart Simpson, Homer Simpson, Marge Simpson, Lisa Simpson, Maggie Simpson, Barney Gumble, Groundskeeper Willie, Patty Bouvier, Selma Bouvier, Nelson Muntz, Ralph Wiggum, Moe Szyslak, Principal Skinner, Ballet Teacher, Mel Brooks.", "Cartoon Characters: Woody, Buzz Lightyear, Jessie, the Yodeling Cowgirl, Stinky Pete the Prospector, Mr. Potato Head, Slinky Dog, Rex the Dinosaur, Hamm the Piggy Bank, Bo Peep, Al the Toy Collector, Andy, Andy's Mom, Mrs. Potato Head, Tour Guide Barbie, Barbie on Backpack, Wheezy the Penguin, Evil Emperor Zurg, Army Sarge, Geri the Cleaner, Green Aliens, Flik the Ant, Baggage Handler.", "Huey, Dewey, and Louie Duck are triplet cartoon characters created in 1937 by writer Ted Osborne and cartoonist Al Taliaferro, and are licensed by The Walt Disney Company. Huey, Dewey, and Louie are the nephews of Donald Duck and the grandnephews of Scrooge McDuck. Like their uncles, the boys are anthropomorphic white ducks with yellow-orange beaks and feet. They typically wear shirts and colorful baseball caps, which are sometimes used to differentiate each character. Huey, Dewey and Louie have made several animated appearances in both films and television, but comics remain their primary medium. The trio are collectively the 11th most published comic book characters in the world, and outside of the superhero genre, second only to Donald. ", "Other characters include Zebedee (Zébulon), a jack-in-the-box ; Brian (Ambroise), a snail ; Ermintrude (Azalée), a cow, and Dylan (named after Bob Dylan [1] ) (Flappy) a rabbit, who in the French version was Spanish. There are two notable human characters: Florence (Margote), a young girl; and Mr Rusty (le Père Pivoine), the elderly moustachioed operator of the roundabout (making him the second character to sport primarily a moustache, after Zebedee). Other less well known human characters, only seen on the roundabout itself during the credits, are Basil, Paul and Rosalie. There is also an adult character, old Mr McHenry (Jouvence Pio) the gardener who is seen only a couple of times. He is the only bearded character in the show and, despite his name and appearance, is Irish, not Scottish.[ citation needed ]", "Like most kids, you probably grew up watching all the standard cartoon characters—Mickey, Tweety, and Betty Boop. But had different decisions been made, your Saturday mornings might have been occupied by Mortimer, Orson, and Nan instead. Read on to find out what 10 of your favorite cartoon characters were nearly named.", "Charlie Chalk (Charlie Chalk, Captain Mildred, Mary the Hover Fairy, Lewis T. Duck, Arnold the Elephant, Edward, Trader Jones and Bert)", "Ben and Holly is from the makers of Peppa Pig (another favourite for my kids!) and is all about the Little Kingdom, where Ben and Holly live, somewhere hidden amongst thorny brambles! Holly is a fairy princess, daugther to King and Queen Thistle with two little twin sisters, Daisy and Poppy (fairies can fly and do magic!). Looking after the castle they live in, and being a general maid is Nanny Plum (the hero of the whole kingdom in my own opinion!). Ben is an elf, and lives in the Great Elf Tree with his mum and dad, Mr and Mrs Elf (elves are good at making things!).", "Porky was on TV Guide 's list of top 50 cartoon characters. [6] He was shown on one of that issue's two covers in a crossover scene with Duck Dodgers and The Powerpuff Girls . [7]", "• Charlie Chan • Pepe le Pew • Scrooge McDuck • Hurree Jamset Ram Singh • Tonto", "An advertising company employed by General Mills and Company suggested marketing the new cereal around the idea of charm bracelets. Thus, the charms of Lucky Charms were born. Lucky Charms is the first cereal to include marshmallows in the recipe. The mascot of Lucky Charms is Lucky the Leprechaun, also known as Sir Charms, and originally called L.C. Leprechaun. Created in 1963, the cartoon character's voice was supplied by Arthur Anderson until 1992. In 1975, Lucky the Leprechaun was briefly replaced by Waldo the Wizard in New England, while Lucky remained the mascot in the rest of the United States. ", "Ultimately subverted before it could truly begin in the My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic episode \" One Bad Apple .\" In it, Apple Bloom's visiting cousin, Babs Seed, joins local mean girls Diamond Tiara & Silver Spoon in bullying the Cutie Mark Crusaders, to the point that they employ a Batman Gambit prank to get her back. However, when told near episode's end that Babs herself had been a victim of bullying due to her lack of Cutie Mark, the Crusaders realize part of what drove her actions and try to stop what they've begun so as not to become bullies themselves.", "The cheetah has often been featured in marketing and animation. In 1986 Frito-Lay introduced the Chester Cheetah, an anthropomorphic cheetah, as the mascot for their Cheetos. The first release of Apple Inc.'s Mac OS X, the Mac OS X 10.0, was code-named \"Cheetah\"; the subsequent releases have been named after big cats. The animated series ThunderCats had a character named \"Cheetara\", an anthropomorphic cheetah, voiced by Lynne Lipton. Comic book superheroine Wonder Woman's chief adversary is Dr.Barbara Ann Minerva, alias The Cheetah.", "Character List - Iggle Piggle, Makka Pakka, Upsy Daisy, the Tombliboos, the Pontipines / the Wottingers, the Haahoos, the Ninky Nonk and the Pinky Ponk.", "Quick Draw McGraw is the anthropomorphic cartoon horse, the third cartoon television production created by Hanna-Barbera following their success with The Ruff & Reddy Show and The Huckleberry Hound Show. It debuted in 1959. Quick Draw was usually depicted as a sheriff in these short films set in the American Old West. Each episode was approximately six minutes long; this allowed four episodes per half-hour program with commercial advertisements in between. Quick Draw was often accompanied by his deputy, a Mexican burro called Baba Looey, who spoke English with a Mexican accent. Quick Draw satirized the westerns that were popular among the American public at the time. His character was well-intentioned, but somewhat dim.", "In some stories, mostly Dutch, they live along with their aunt, but in other comics, such as the comics by Barks, they are only visiting Daisy. The triplets act as Donald's nephews' (Huey, Dewey, and Louie Duck) female counterparts, occasional rivals, occasional friends, and occasional dates. They are members of the organization The Junior Chickadees, who serve as The Junior Woodchucks' female counterparts. Unusually for children of their age, the girls routinely wear high-heeled shoes.", "His cartoon characters are almost always English: huge dowager ladies picking at tiny blackened fowl, while spiky waiters giggle maliciously behind their trays; ripe women whose black lips perch on their faces like butterflies; baffled, lovelorn trombonists; threadbare bank clerks with splinter feet... They wore delicately realised pointy shoes and seemed unaccountably oblivious to the abundant richness of their settings.", "The first television series to feature the characters was The Alvin Show. The cartoon gave more distinctive looks and personalities to the three chipmunks than just their voices, and an animated portrayal of Seville was a reasonable caricature of Bagdasarian himself. The series ran from 1961 to 1962, and was one of a small number of animated series to be shown in prime time on CBS. Unfortunately, it was never an immediate success in prime time and was canceled after one season, only to find new life in syndication.", "Pikachu are a species of Pokémon, fictional creatures that appear in an assortment of video games, animated television shows and movies, trading card games, and comic books licensed by The Pokémon Company, a Japanese corporation.", "Petunia Pig (appears quickly in a bubble and in the end of the intro along with the rest of the characters)", "\"Yellow moons, pink hearts, green clovers...\" - The cartoon mascot for General Mills' Lucky Charms cereal is Lucky the Leprechaun, a small man dressed in green who capers about constantly (much like Dropo). Lucky Charms was various coloured marshmallows in its cereal (including the ones listed above), which Lucky lists in every Charms ad.", "In a \"Hardball\" sketch, Harry Belefonte makes many references to the unfair treatment of blacks. One of his references is \"Pokémon is a slave trade, Pikachu is the slave master!\"", "There are several cartoon characters who are certainly not human. However, they are also clearly not any species of readily identifiable animal either. Some of them appear to be Mix-and-Match Critters . They don't really have a species, they're just... cute .", "Roobarb is a green dog, and Custard is a pink cat. Roobarb is always involved in some kind of misadventure which he approaches with unbounded enthusiasm. Custard is cynical and sets out to sabotage Roobarb's fun. Which one comes out on top varies from episode to episode. Other characters in the series are the birds, who watch the antics of the other two from the safety of a nearby tree, often making snide remarks, and siding with whoever is winning. There is also a rather timid, pink mouse.", "Cow and Chicken is an American animated series, created by David Feiss. The series shows the surreal adventures of a cow, named Cow, and her chicken brother, named Chicken. They are often antagonized by \"The Red Guy\", who poses as various characters to scam or hurt them. The series was nominated for an Emmy Award in 1996 and 1998.", "For anyone who’s been a kid in the past 40 years, breakfast cereals have played an integral role in the childhood experience. Cereals are one of only a few consumer products that are consistently marketed to children, resulting in a colorful cast of charmingly memorable cartoon mascot characters that quickly became pop icons. Here are the 10 best cartoon mascots in breakfast cereal history:", "Each cartoon was analyzed with respect to the ratio of males to females shown, physical characteristics and male/female roles in problem-solving and job acquisition throughout each episode. Animals and speaking inanimate objects were not considered, except in the context of their interactions with the human characters. Each episode was considered a separate entity, so that recurring characters were taken into consideration in every episode in which they were featured when computing male/female ratios. The copyright year and episode title of each episode was also recorded. The year of the episodes will be considered in the discussion, when discussing differences in character portrayals.", "Below are a series of four main characters, in alphabetical order. Each set of four is associated with a well known children's television show.", "Character Name In Title / Children's Television / Non Fiction / Partially Lost TV Series See more »", "Iconic British children's animated series set in the fictional, picturesque village of the title. Each episode opens with a character emerging from a music box and they will be the central character of the forthcoming story." ]	[ 4.953125, 3.740234375, 3.37109375, -2.908203125, -2.92578125, -3.71875, -4.15625, -4.484375, -4.5, -4.51171875, -4.546875, -4.74609375, -4.98828125, -5.1171875, -5.12109375, -5.46484375, -5.69140625, -5.734375, -6.09375, -6.203125, -6.4140625, -6.44921875, -6.625, -6.86328125, -6.86328125, -6.96875, -7.2578125, -8.25, -8.3359375, -9.265625, -9.5234375, -9.6015625 ]
Which 1973 number one by Slade was later covered by Oasis?	[ "in 2000 - Oasis guitarist Noel Gallagher recorded a cover version of Slade's 1973 number one 'Merry Xmas Everybody' for the Christmas Day edition of the BBC1 comedy show The Royle Family.", "2000, Oasis guitarist Noel Gallagher recorded a cover version of Slade's 1973 number one 'Merry Xmas Everybody' for the Christmas Day edition of the BBC1 comedy show The Royle Family.", "2000: Oasis guitarist Noel Gallagher recorded a cover version of Slade’s 1973 #1 ‘Merry Xmas Everybody’ for the Christmas Day edition of the BBC1 comedy show ‘The Royle Family.’", "in 1973 - Slade scored their fourth UK No.1 single with 'Cum On Feel The Noize', the first single to enter the charts at No.1 since The Beatles 'Get Back' in 1969. Elton John had the No.1 album with 'Don't Shoot Me I'm Only The Piano Player'.", "Unlike many inexperienced new groups who found themselves with a hit single, Slade were well prepared for the success that awaited them and their next single titled 'Cos I Luv You' got to Number 1 in the charts by November of 1971. This catchy song was composed by Noddy Holder and Jim Lea thus establishing a successful writing team that began a run of hit singles for Slade - including an incredible six Number Ones by the end of 1973 thus making the group the most successful in Britain at that time since the Beatles. Note: the mis-spelling of song titles reflecting a \"Black Country\" accent was to become a trade-mark for Slade during their most successful chart period.", "Slade dominated the UK charts during the early 1970s, out-performing chart rivals, such as Wizzard, Sweet, T. Rex, Suzi Quatro, Mud, Smokie, Gary Glitter, Roxy Music and David Bowie. Slade achieved twelve Top 5 hit singles in the UK between 1971 and 1974, three of which went straight to #1. Of the 17 Top 20 hits between 1971 and 1976, six made No. 1, three reached No. 2 and two peaked at #3. No other UK act of the period enjoyed such consistency in the UK Top 40 and this feat was the closest any group had come to matching the Beatles' 22 Top 10 records in a single decade (1960s). Slade sold more singles in the UK than any other group of the 1970s. In 1973 alone, \"Merry Xmas Everybody\" sold over one million copies globally, obtaining gold disc status. They toured Europe in 1973 and the US in 1974.", "The number 15 position of the film's main theme song, \"How Does It Feel\", was seen as further proof of the band's decline. The ballad, featuring brass instruments and flute, was at the time thought to be too far from the fans' expectations. Noel Gallagher of the British band Oasis however has claimed the track to be, \"one of the best songs written, in the history of pop, ever\". The follow-up in May \"Thanks for the Memory (Wham Bam Thank You Mam)\" fared slightly better, peaking at number seven in the UK and doing well in a number of other European countries. The single became Slade's last top 10 hit of the 1970s.", "Slade persevered with their skinhead phase until 1970 when it was clear that their notoriety was passï¿½. While growing their hair and cultivating a more colourful image, they retained their aggressive musicianship and screaming vocals for the bluesy cover version of \"Get Down And Get With It\", which reached the UK Top 20 in 1971. Under Chandler's guidance, Holder and Lea began composing their own material, relying on distinctive riffs, a boot-stomping beat and sloganeering lyrics, usually topped off by a deliberately mis-spelt title. \"Coz I Luv You\" took them to number 1 in the UK in late 1971, precipitating an incredible run of chart success that was to continue uninterrupted for the next three years.", "Stylistically, Slade returned to the stomping, raucous beat of their earlier hits, Coz I Luv You and Look Wot You Dun, with this Number Two hit from the Autumn of 1973.", "Oasis were an English rock band formed in Manchester in 1991. Developed from an earlier group, the Rain, the band originally consisted of Liam Gallagher (vocals and tambourine), Paul \"Bonehead\" Arthurs, Paul \"Guigsy\" McGuigan, and Tony McCarroll.", "Slade may have never truly caught on with American audiences (often narrow-mindedly deemed \"too British-sounding\"), but the group became a sensation in their homeland with their anthemic brand of glam rock in the early '70s, as they scored a staggering 11 Top Five hits in a four-year span from 1971 to 1974 (five of which topped the charts). Comprised of singer/guitarist Noddy Holder (born Neville Holder, June 15, 1946 in Walsall, West Midlands, England), guitarist Dave Hill (born April 4, 1946, in Fleet Castle, Devon, England), bassist Jimmy Lea (born June 14, 1949, Wolverhampton, West Midlands, England), and drummer Don Powell (born September 10, 1946, Bilston, West Midlands, England), the group originally formed in the spring of 1966 under the name the In-Be-Tweens, playing out regularly with a mixture of soul and rock tracks. But besides a lone obscure single, \"You Better Run\" (penned by future Runaways svengali Kim Fowley), the band never issued any other recordings. By the end of '60s, the group had changed their name to Ambrose Slade and signed on with the Fontana label. Soon after, the quartet hooked up with Animals bass player-turned-manager Chas Chandler (who had discovered Jimi Hendrix a few years prior), who promptly suggested the group shorten the name to just Slade and assume a \"skinhead\" look (Dr. Martin boots, shaved heads) as a gimmick.", "After several albums featuring few original compositions from the quartet came and went (1969's Beginnings, 1970's Play It Loud), the group began to write their own tunes, grew their hair long, and assumed the look of the then-burgeoning glam movement, joining the same cause championed by such fellow Brits as David Bowie and T. Rex. This new direction paid off in 1971 with the number 16 U.K. single \"Get Down and Get With It,\" which soon touched off a string of classic singles and led to Slade becoming one of the most beloved party bands back home. Slade also utilized another gimmick, humorously misspelled song titles, as evidenced by such singles as \"Coz I Luv You,\" \"Look Wot You Dun,\" \"Take Me Bak 'Ome,\" \"Mama Weer All Crazee Now,\" \"Gudbuy t'Jane,\" \"Cum on Feel the Noize,\" \"Skweeze Me, Pleeze Me,\" and \"Merry Xmas Everybody\" (the latter of which re-entered the charts every holiday season for years afterward). Several attempts at cracking the U.S. market came up empty (with track listings between their U.K. and U.S. full-lengths differing), although such albums as Slade Alive! and Slayed? are considered to be some of the finest albums of the glam era.", "Oasis were an English rock band formed in Manchester in 1991. Developed from an earlier group, the Rain, the band originally consisted of Liam Gallagher (vocals and tambourine), Paul \"Bonehead\" Arthurs (guitar), Paul \"Guigsy\" McGuigan (bass guitar), and Tony McCarroll (drums, percussion). They were later joined by Liam's older brother Noel Gallagher (lead guitar and vocals) as a fifth member, becoming the band's settled line-up until April 1995.", "But listening to When Slade Rocked the World, you can see why Tremlett thought global superstardom was a done deal based on the music alone. Holder and bassist Jim Lea could write pop singles that permanently embedded themselves in the British psyche, but their albums tell a slightly different, rather broader story. Before taking up permanent residence on Top of the Pops, Slade had served a classically tough apprenticeship: Hamburg, an endless slog around the clubs, a trying period dressed as skinheads at the behest of manager Chas Chandler, who hadn’t taken the precaution of checking whether actual skinheads would enjoy a band with an electric violinist covering the Beatles’ Martha My Dear , or want to kill them. The 1972 album Slade Alive! was the end of that slog, the sound of an archetypical hard-gigging early-70s band, some distance from the simple Day-Glo pleasure of Skweeze Me, Pleeze Me: lengthy covers of Ten Years After, Steppenwolf and Little Richard, endless Yammy-accented exhortations to clap your hands, more solo-heavy than you might expect. You can virtually smell the Double Diamond and the Player’s No 6 , but unlike the early 70s’ plethora of furrowed-brow boogie merchants, Slade declined to take themselves seriously – the best track, a surging cover of the Lovin’ Spoonful’s Darling Be Home Soon is interrupted by the sound of Holder belching – and nor did they ever indulge themselves: there’s a tautness and punch about even the longest tracks.", "We’ll be honest, 1973 was a rubbish year for music. But with Slade and Sweet’s efforts from that very year already in the top 20, we shall big up Roy Wood as the one that missed the cut. If only to remind you all that his output didn’t just consist of I Wish It Could Be Christmas Every Day…", "* Oasis – \"The Hindu Times\", \"Stop Crying Your Heart Out\", \"Little by Little\"/\"She Is Love\". \"Don't Look Back in Anger\", \"Acquiesce\" and \"My Generation (The Who)\" [Live at Top of the Pops 2 Special on 11 April 2002]", "Oasis’ originality further came into question when the band was successfully sued for lifting the melody on their single “Shakermaker” from the New Seekers’ “I’d Like to Teach the World to Sing (In Perfect Harmony).” But “being derivative” is flimsy criticism. At its best, rock ‘n’ roll has always been about taking the last guy’s stuff, keeping the best parts, burning the rest to the ground and building your own temple in its ashes. Time and time again, this has been the case — whether it be Big Star or R.E.M. , the Strokes or Kings of Leon . And that’s to say nothing of classic bands like the Rolling Stones , who owe their sound almost wholly to the Chicago bluesmen of the past.", "This famous chart battle saw Oasis’ “Roll With It” fight against Blur’s “Country House” for the number one spot in August 1995. The British press absolutely loved this, deciding it symbolised the working class of the north versus the middle class of the south, and it even reached the BBC News. Blur won, but Oasis went on to have bigger US success.", "Slade received a boost stateside around this time as well, courtesy of the U.S. pop-metal outfit Quiet Riot , who made a smash hit out of \"Cum on Feel the Noize\" in 1983 that resulted in a strong chart showing for Slade 's 1984 release Keep Your Hands Off My Power Supply (issued as The Amazing Kamikaze Syndrome in the U.K. a year earlier). Slade then enjoyed a pair of U.S. MTV/radio hits, \"Run Runaway\" and \"My Oh My.\" Holder and Lea also tried their hand at producing another artist around this time as well, as they manned the boards for Girlschool 's 1983 release Play Dirty . Despite another all-new studio release, Rogues Gallery , and Quiet Riot covering another classic Slade tune (\"Mama Weer All Crazee Now\"), Slade was unable to retain their newfound American audience or rekindled British following and they eventually faded from sight once more, this time without a comeback waiting around the corner. During the '90s, a truncated version of the group dubbed Slade II was formed (without Holder or Lea in attendance), while Holder became a popular U.K. television personality as well as the host of his own '70s rock radio show. A 21-track singles compilation, Feel the Noize: The Very Best of Slade, was issued in 1997 (re-released under the simple title of Greatest Hits a couple of years later), which proved to be a popular release in England.", "Former The Jam front man and close friend of Noel Gallagher Paul Weller claims \"Half the World Away\" is his favourite Oasis song. ", "In 1988, Slade released a cover of the Chris Montez song \"Let's Dance\"; a re-mix of the track from Crackers – The Christmas Party Album. The band held their third official fan club convention at Drummonds Convention, King's Cross, London. In late 1989, after what was initially supposed to be an 18-month break, Holder announced plans for a new album. Due to be released in 1990, the album never materialised, nor did the tour that would have followed had the album been a success. 1989 saw \"Merry Xmas Everybody\" make another new chart appearance, this time reaching number 99.", "Slade received a boost stateside around this time as well, courtesy of the U.S. pop-metal outfit Quiet Riot, who made a smash hit out of \"Cum on Feel the Noize\" in 1983 that resulted in a strong chart showing for Slade's 1984 release Keep Your Hands Off My Power Supply (issued as The Amazing Kamikaze Syndrome in the U.K. a year earlier). Slade then enjoyed a pair of U.S. MTV/radio hits, \"Run Runaway\" and \"My Oh My.\" Holder and Lea also tried their hand at producing another artist around this time as well, as they manned the boards for Girlschool's 1983 release Play Dirty. Despite another all-new studio release, Rogues Gallery, and Quiet Riot covering another classic Slade tune (\"Mama Weer All Crazee Now\"), Slade was unable to retain their newfound American audience or rekindled British following and they eventually faded from sight once more, this time without a comeback waiting around the corner. During the '90s, a truncated version of the group dubbed Slade II was formed (without Holder or Lea in attendance), while Holder became a popular U.K. television personality as well as the host of his own '70s rock radio show. A 21-track singles compilation, Feel the Noize: The Very Best of Slade, was issued in 1997 (re-released under the simple title of Greatest Hits a couple of years later), which proved to be a popular release in England. ~ Greg Prato, Rovi", "A second single entitled \"Look Wot You Dun\", was released at the start of 1972, peaking at number four and a live album was released in March. The album Slade Alive! proved to be successful, spending 52 weeks in the UK Album charts, peaking at number two. It also did well abroad, topping the Australian charts and giving the band their first chart entry in America. The album was recorded over three nights at a newly built studio in Piccadilly in front of 300 fan-club members. Today the album is regarded as one of the finest live albums ever made.", "In April 1991, the Slade fan club-organised a 25th anniversary party. The band, who were invited, played one song, Chuck Berry's \"Johnny B. Goode\" which turned out to be their last live performance. In that same year, Lea produced the single \"Where Have All the Good Girls Gone\" for the Crybabys, which was not a success. Later, Polydor Records contacted Slade about a new compilation album. It was hoped that Slade would promote it by releasing two brand new singles and, if successful, would record a new studio album. The first single, \"Radio Wall of Sound\", written by Lea and originally intended for a solo project, was released in October. The compilation album, Wall of Hits was released the following month, along with a video compilation under the same name. Both the single and the album were moderately successful reaching number 21 and number 34 respectively. The album later went certified UK Silver and in an attempt to promote it further, a second single, \"Universe\" was released in December. Despite a number of TV performances, the single failed to reach the top 100 and as a result, Polydor withdrew the idea for a new album.", " Keep on Rockin (1994) (as Slade II), re-released in 2002 as Cum on Let's Party", "In 1998 the song was included in The Masterplan ; a collection of Oasis' best b-sides. The collection was a success, peaking at #2 in the UK charts. The track is also included on Oasis' compilation album Stop the Clocks , which also reached #2.", "Slade came to fame in the United Kingdom during 1971 bearing an image of warmhearted, boozy working-class fellowship. The band's brand of music was raw and simplistic, not for listening to but for shouting with. Their notorious live concerts were akin to the atmosphere of a football match, with chants and stomping boots. Above all, the group brought back a party feeling to popular music that it had been sadly lacking for some time.", "\"Live Forever\" is a song by the English rock band Oasis. Written by Noel Gallagher, the song was released as the third single from their debut album Definitely Maybe (1994) on 8 August 1994, just prior to that album's release.", "English teachers hated them, but teenagers loved them - and it is easy to see why. Written by Jim Lea and Noddy Holder, here's another example of a driving and infectious rock beat that, once again, took Slade to the summit of the UK charts during the Summer of 1972.", "* In 1991, British rock band Go Crazy recorded the song as a tribute to Slade. Go Crazy member Ian Edmundson recorded and produced this cover on his own however it was released under the band's name. ", "I discovered Slade in 1972 back in Brunei. They were one of the best and memorable bands of the 70s. Everyone of my classmates knew them.", "Oasis's first gig was at the Boardwalk club in Manchester, in August 1991. Liam's brother, Noel (a roadie for Inspiral Carpets at the time) attended the gig and approached the band about joining, on the proviso that he became the band's leader and the band committed to the pursuit of commercial success." ]	[ 5.8671875, 5.77734375, 5.28125, 2.94921875, 1.455078125, 1.427734375, 0.189453125, -0.962890625, -1.169921875, -1.3076171875, -1.3583984375, -1.51171875, -1.591796875, -1.6826171875, -2.095703125, -2.19921875, -2.443359375, -2.5390625, -2.689453125, -2.69921875, -2.7265625, -2.951171875, -3.33203125, -3.34375, -3.46484375, -4.96484375, -5.23046875, -5.71484375, -5.92578125, -5.984375, -6.53125, -6.54296875 ]
Which band released the 1999 comeback single Maria?	[ "\"Maria\" is a song by the American band Blondie, taken from their 1999 album No Exit. This song was Blondie's comeback single, their first since \"War Child\" in July 1982. The song peaked at number eighty two on the Billboard Hot 100. Internationally, the song topped the charts in the United Kingdom, becoming the band's sixth chart-topping song in that country. It also peaked within the top ten of the charts in Austria, Belgium, Germany, the Republic of Ireland, Sweden and Switzerland.", "\"Maria\" is a song by the American band Blondie, taken from their 1999 album No Exit. This song was Blondie's comeback single, their first since \"War Child\" in July 1982. In the UK, it was the band's sixth no.1 single, topping the charts exactly 20 years after their first UK no.1 \"Heart of Glass\" in 1979. The song was written by the band's keyboardist Jimmy Destri, who had also penned some of their earlier hits such as \"Atomic\". In the US, the single peaked at #82 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.", "Harry continued her solo career during the 1980s and 90s, but in 1997, Blondie began working together again for the first time in 15 years. The four original members (Harry, Stein, Clem Burke and Jimmy Destri) embarked on sessions for what would become Blondie's seventh studio album, No Exit (1999). The lead single from the album, \"Maria\", debuted at No.1 in the UK, giving Blondie their sixth UK No.1 hit. \"Maria\" also reached No.1 in 14 different countries, the top 10 on the US Dance Charts and Top 20 on the US Adult Top 40 Charts. No Exit debuted at No.3 in the UK and No.17 in the US.", "1970s punk rock band Blondie also made a surprise resurgence at the very beginning of the year, making #1 18 years after their previous Top 10 hit (and 19 years after their previous #1). \"Maria\", the band's sixth #1, was the first track taken from their #3 album, No Exit. The band started fresh as member differences and conflicts outside of the group had all been settled. Lead singer Debbie Harry continued to pursue acting as well as being a member of the group. She is the oldest female to make number one at 54 years of age, however Cher still holds the record for oldest solo female to reach the top. Despite topping the charts in several countries \"Maria\" never made number one in their US homeland.", "Red Hot Chili Peppers, also sometimes shortened to \"The Chili Peppers\" or abbreviated as \"RHCP\", are an American rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1983. The group's musical style primarily consists of rock with an emphasis on funk, as well as elements from other genres such as punk rock and psychedelic rock. When played live, their music incorporates elements of jam band due to the improvised nature of much of their performances. Currently, the band consists of founding members Anthony Kiedis (vocals) and Flea (bass), longtime drummer Chad Smith; and guitarist Josh Klinghoffer, who joined in late-2009, replacing John Frusciante. Red Hot Chili Peppers are one of the best-selling bands of all time with over 80 million records sold worldwide, have been nominated for sixteen Grammy Awards, of which they have won six and are the most successful band in alternative rock radio history currently holding the records for most number one singles (12), most cumulative weeks at number one (85) and most top-ten songs (25) on the Billboard Alternative Songs chart. In 2012, they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.", "Nirvana was an American rock band formed by singer/guitarist Kurt Cobain and bassist Krist Novoselic in Aberdeen, Washington in 1987, with drummer Dave Grohl joining the band in 1990. Though their brief run ended following the death of Kurt Cobain in 1994, Nirvana has come to be regarded as one of the most influential and important rock bands of the modern era.", "Linkin Park is an American band from Agoura Hills, California. Formed in 1996, the band rose to international fame with their debut album, Hybrid Theory, which was certified Diamond by the RIAA in 2005 and multi-platinum in several other countries. Its following studio album, Meteora, continued the band's success, topping the Billboard 200 album chart in 2003, and was followed by extensive touring and charity work around the world. In 2003, MTV2 named Linkin Park the sixth greatest band of the music video era and the third best of the new millennium behind Oasis and Coldplay.", "The band released their debut album, The Stone Roses , in 1989. The album was a breakthrough success for the band and garnered critical acclaim, with many critics regarding it as one of the greatest British albums ever recorded. At this time the group decided to capitalise on their success by signing to a major label. Their current record label, Silvertone, would not let them out of their contract, which led to a long legal battle that culminated with the band signing with Geffen Records in 1991. The Stone Roses then released their second album, Second Coming , which was met with mixed reviews in 1994. [1] The group soon disbanded after several lineup changes throughout the supporting tour, which began with Reni first departing in late 1995, followed by Squire in April 1996. Brown and Mani dissolved the remains of the group in October 1996 following their appearance at Reading Festival.", "The Killers is an American rock band formed in Las Vegas, Nevada in 2001, by Brandon Flowers (lead vocals, keyboards) and Dave Keuning (guitar, backing vocals). Mark Stoermer (bass guitar, backing vocals) and Ronnie Vannucci Jr. (drums, percussion) would complete the current line-up of the band in 2002. The name The Killers is derived from a logo on the bass drum of a fictitious band, portrayed in the music video for the New Order song \"Crystal\".", "Journey is an American rock band that formed in San Francisco in 1973, composed of former members of Santana and Frumious Bandersnatch. The band has gone through several phases; its strongest commercial success occurred between 1978 and 1987. During that period, the band released a series of hit songs, including \"Don't Stop Believin'\" (1981), which in 2009 became the top-selling track in iTunes history among songs not released in the 21st century. Its parent studio album, Escape, the band's eighth and most successful, reached No. 1 on the Billboard 200 and yielded another of their most popular singles, \"Open Arms\". Its 1983 follow-up album, Frontiers, was almost as successful in the United States, reaching No. 2 and spawning several successful singles; it broadened the band's appeal in the United Kingdom, where it reached No. 6 on the UK Albums Chart. Journey enjoyed a successful reunion in the mid-1990s and later regrouped with a series of lead singers.", "Survivor is an American rock band formed in Chicago in 1978 by guitarist/songwriter Jim Peterik. The band achieved its greatest success in the 1980s, garnering many charting singles, especially in the United States. The band is best known for its double platinum-certified 1982 hit \"Eye of the Tiger,\" the theme song for the motion picture Rocky III (US number 1 for 6 weeks). Singles like \"Burning Heart\" (US number 2), \"The Search Is Over\" (US number 4), \"High on You\" (US number 8), \"Is This Love\" (US number 9) and \"I Can't Hold Back\" (US number 13) continued to chart in the mid-1980s.", "The band released their debut album, The Stone Roses, in 1989. The album was a breakthrough success for the band and garnered critical acclaim, with many critics regarding it as one of the greatest British albums ever recorded. At this time the group decided to capitalise on their success by signing to a major label. Their current record label, Silvertone, would not let them out of their contract, which led to a long legal battle that culminated with the band signing with Geffen Records in 1991. The Stone Roses then released their second album, Second Coming, which was met with mixed reviews in 1994. The group soon disbanded after several lineup changes throughout the supporting tour, which began with Reni first departing in late 1995, followed by Squire in April 1996. Brown and Mani dissolved the remains of the group in October 1996 following their appearance at Reading Festival.", "My Chemical Romance (often abbreviated as MCR) was an American rock band from New Jersey, active from 2001 to 2013. The band's best-known lineup consisted of lead vocalist Gerard Way, guitarists Ray Toro and Frank Iero, bassist Mikey Way and drummer Bob Bryar. Founded by Gerard, Mikey, Toro, Matt Pelissier, and later joined by Iero, the band signed to Eyeball Records and released their debut album I Brought You My Bullets, You Brought Me Your Love in 2002. They signed with Reprise Records the next year and released their major label debut Three Cheers for Sweet Revenge in 2004. Shortly after the album's release, Pelissier was replaced by Bob Bryar. A commercial success, the album was awarded platinum status over a year later.", "2000 saw the band return with a revitalised line up, which now included Gem Archer (ex- Heavy Stereo , Oasis label mates of old) and Andy Bell (ex- Ride and Hurricane #1 , more old Creation bands). A new album, Standing On The Shoulder Of Giants , was released in February. A single entitled Go Let It Out , the bands fifth UK #1 single, preceded it. Live action across the world bedded in the new band members, and a storming show recorded at the Wembley Stadium during the summer was later released as the Familiar To Millions live album. There were two more singles from Standing�; Who Feels Love? and Sunday Morning Call are both UK Top 10 hits.", "Freed from some internal writing conflicts, the band returned to the studio to rewrite and re-record many of the songs on Medazzaland . (Taylor's work remains on only four tracks.) This album marked a return to the layered experimentation of Big Thing, with intricate guitar textures and processed vocals. The track \" Out of My Mind \" was used as the theme song for the movie The Saint , but the only true single to be released in the United States was the quirky \" Electric Barbarella \", which was the first single ever to be sold on-line. [36] The video for this single, featuring a sexy robot purchased and played with by band members, had to be censored before airing on MTV, but there was little of the controversy that had surrounded \"Girls On Film\". \"Barbarella\" peaked at No. 52 in the US in October 1997. [37] Although Medazzaland was released in the US in October 1997, the album was never released in the UK. \"Barbarella\" was later released in the UK as a single from the 1998 Greatest compilation album and peaked at No. 23 on the UK chart in January 1999. The group played a set at The Princess Diana Tribute Concert on 27 June 1998 by special request of her family. [38]", "In 2000, the band released Return of Saturn , its follow-up to Tragic Kingdom. The album featured a darker tone and was more lyrically advanced than No Doubt's previous work. [18] The main lyrical focus of the new record had shifted from Gwen Stefani's relationship with bassist Tony Kanal to her new relationship with Gavin Rossdale. [13] Return of Saturn was critically acclaimed, but was not as commercially successful as their previous album, and the lead single, \" Ex-Girlfriend \", failed to chart on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States. Also released as singles from the album were the tracks \" Simple Kind of Life \" and \" Bathwater \".", "Their next single, \" Eternal Flame \", a cover version of the 1989 hit by The Bangles , became their second number-one single in the UK and New Zealand. [1] [9] It became their biggest single in France peaking at number two and eventually went Gold. In late 2001 the band announced they would be releasing a final single from the repackaged album, entitled \"You Are\". A video was recorded and promo singles were sent out to radio, but the single was ultimately shelved, never getting a full commercial release. [10] [11]", "My Chemical Romance is an American rock band from New Jersey, formed in 2001. The band consists of lead vocalist Gerard Way, guitarists Ray Toro and Frank Iero, and bassist Mikey Way. Shortly after forming, the band signed to Eyeball Records and released their debut album \"I Brought You My Bullets, You Brought Me Your Love\" in 2002. They signed with Reprise Records the next year and released their major label debut \"Three Cheers for Sweet Revenge\" in 2004; the album was a commercial success, and was awarded platinum status a little over a year later. The band eclipsed their previous success with their 2006 concept album, \"The Black Parade\", which gained generally favorable reviews among music critics. Their fourth studio album, \"Danger Days: The True Lives of the Fabulous Killjoys\", was released on November 22, 2010.", "Freed from some internal writing conflicts, the band returned to the studio to rewrite and re-record many of the songs on Medazzaland. (Taylor's work remains on only four tracks.) This album marked a return to the layered experimentation of Big Thing, with intricate guitar textures and processed vocals. The track \"Out of My Mind\" was used as the theme song for the movie The Saint, but the only true single to be released in the United States was the quirky \"Electric Barbarella\", which was the first single ever to be sold online. The video for this single, featuring a sexy robot purchased and played with by band members, had to be censored before airing on MTV, but there was little of the controversy that had surrounded \"Girls on Film\". \"Barbarella\" peaked at No. 52 in the US in October 1997. Although Medazzaland was released in the US in October 1997, the album was never released in the UK. \"Barbarella\" was later released in the UK as a single from the 1998 Greatest compilation album and peaked at No. 23 on the UK chart in January 1999. The group played a set at The Princess Diana Tribute Concert on 27 June 1998 by special request of her family. ", "In 1999, Bonehead left the band, followed by Guigsy's second departure, after he had been re-drafted into the band. Their replacements were Gem Archer (of Heavy Stereo) and Andy Bell (of Ride and Hurricane #1). The fourth album Standing on the Shoulder of Giants was released on the band's own label, Big Brother and reached number one in the UK. Three singles, 'Go Let It Out', 'Who Feels Love' and 'Sunday Morning Call' were all top five hits. A live album of the supporting tour, Familiar to Millions was released in 2000.", "Dulce Maria started singing in 1996 with the band Kids, that made success with songs like, \"La Mejor De Tus Sonrisas\" and \"Prende El Switch\".", "* Steps for the 1999 Abbamania tribute album; their version was later released as a single in support of their 2001 compilation album, Gold: Greatest Hits.", "1999, Catatonia scored their second UK No.1 album with ‘Equally Cursed And Blessed’ the group also had their two", "A talented, but underrated band. Their popularity in the mid-80's matched that of Michael Jackson, Prince and Madonna for a short while. Their best songs include \"The Power of Love\", \"Hip to be Square\" and \"Do You Believe in Love\".", "They were, by this time, an internationally renown stadium band. They had a further four Top 10s by 1999 and were at No 1 again in 2000.", "Singles of the 90s , a compilation of sixteen hit singles was released in November 1999. Its first single, \" C'est La Vie (Always 21) ,\" went on to become a surprise number 1 hit in Spain. Attempting to capitalize on the success of the previous single, \" Hallo Hallo \" was released with special remixes just for the Spanish market. The album's marketing push closed with the limited radio-only single release of \" Love in December \". \" Everytime It Rains \", previously included on the Cruel Summer album was released as a radio single in the US the following year in remixed-form (pushed by Clive Davis) in order to promote a new Greatest Hits album for the American market, which failed to chart, selling fewer than 5,000 copies in its first week. It completed the band's four-album contract with Arista Records and was not renewed. \"Hallo Hallo\" was planned initially to be the first single from this American compilation, but in the end it was not included on the album at all. \"C'est La Vie (Always 21)\" was the only new recording included on the U.S. release. Two old remixes of both \" Lucky Love \" and \" Beautiful Life \" were also included.", "2007: Satellite Party, with ex-Jane's Addiction/Porno For Pyros frontman Perry Farrell, release their debut album, 'The Ultra Payloaded,' containing debut single, 'Wish Upon A Dog Star.'", "Their first single, Swear It Again, was an instant hit, debuting at the top this week in 1999. Watch out for the infamous key change: ", "Can you name the trio that had a Top 20 hit in 1999 with ‘King of the Snake’?", "Prominent Andalusian rock groups include Triana and Medina Azahara. The duo Los del Río from Dos Hermanas had international success with their \"Macarena\", including playing at a Super Bowl half-time show in the United States, where their song has also been used as campaign music by the Democratic Party. Other notables include the singer, songwriter, and poet Joaquín Sabina, Isabel Pantoja, Rosa López, who represented Spain at Eurovision in 2002, and David Bisbal. ", "Prominent Andalusian rock groups include Triana and Medina Azahara. The duo Los del Río from Dos Hermanas had international success with their \"Macarena\", including playing at a Super Bowl half-time show in the United States, where their song has also been used as campaign music by the Democratic Party. Other notables include the singer, songwriter, and poet Joaquín Sabina, Isabel Pantoja, Rosa López, who represented Spain at Eurovision in 2002, and David Bisbal.", "In 1999, what was the first UK Number 1 to repeat the same word in its title four times?" ]	[ 8.3203125, 8.1640625, 3.173828125, 0.74609375, 0.463134765625, -0.5341796875, -1.171875, -2.482421875, -2.658203125, -3.384765625, -3.814453125, -3.908203125, -3.939453125, -4.0078125, -4.0703125, -4.1015625, -4.27734375, -4.47265625, -4.83203125, -4.90625, -6.15625, -6.1875, -6.26953125, -6.7890625, -7.00390625, -7.23046875, -7.76171875, -8.703125, -9.21875, -9.28125, -9.28125, -10.0703125 ]
What was Cher's first UK solo number one hit single?	[ "Now 25, Cher continued to establish herself as a solo recording artist, enlisting the help of hit producer Snuff Garrett. Her first solo number-one hit was \"Gypsys, Tramps & Thieves\". Released in September 1971, the album of the same name peaked at #16 on the Billboard 200, and remained on the chart for 45 weeks.[38] Another single from the album, \"The Way of Love\" peaked at #7 in March 1972.", "Now 25, Cher continued to establish herself as a solo recording artist, enlisting the help of hit producer Snuff Garrett. Her first solo number-one hit was \"Gypsys, Tramps & Thieves\". Released in September 1971, the album of the same name peaked at #16 on the Billboard 200, and remained on the chart for 45 weeks. Another single from the album, \"The Way of Love\" peaked at #7 in March 1972.", "Cher gained popularity in 1965 as one-half of the folk rock husband–wife duo Sonny & Cher after their first hit, \"I Got You Babe\". She began her solo career simultaneously, releasing in 1966 her first million-seller song, \"Bang Bang (My Baby Shot Me Down)\". Goldmine magazine's Phill Marder described her as the leader of an effort in the 1960s to \"advance feminine rebellion in the rock world and the prototype of the female rock star, setting the standard for appearance and attitude\". [1] After the duo had lost its young audience owing to their monogamous, anti-drug lifestyle during the period of the sexual revolution and the rise of the drug culture, she returned to stardom in the 1970s as a television personality with her shows The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour, watched by over 30 million viewers weekly during its three-year run, and Cher. She became a fashion trendsetter by wearing elaborate outfits on her television shows. While working on television, she established herself as a solo artist with the number-one singles \"Gypsys, Tramps & Thieves\", \"Half-Breed\", and \"Dark Lady\". After her divorce from Sonny Bono in 1975, Cher's much-publicized personal life led to a decline in her career, although she launched a minor comeback in 1979 with the disco-oriented album Take Me Home and earned $300,000 a week for her 1980–1982 residency show in Las Vegas.", "Cher gained popularity in 1965 as one-half of the folk rock husband-wife duo Sonny & Cher after their song \"I Got You Babe\" reached number one on the American and British charts. She began her solo career simultaneously, releasing in 1966 her first million-seller song, \"Bang Bang (My Baby Shot Me Down)\". She became a television personality in the 1970s with her shows The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour, watched by over 30 million viewers weekly during its three-year run, and Cher. She emerged as a fashion trendsetter by wearing elaborate outfits on her television shows. While working on television, she established herself as a solo artist with the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart-topping singles \"Gypsys, Tramps & Thieves\", \"Half-Breed\", and \"Dark Lady\". After her divorce from Sonny Bono in 1975, Cher launched a comeback in 1979 with the disco-oriented album Take Me Home and earned $300,000 a week for her 198082 residency show in Las Vegas.", "In 1971, Sonny and Cher signed with the Kapp Records division of Decca Records, and the latter singer released the single \"Classified 1A\", in which she sings from the point of view of a soldier who bleeds to death in Vietnam. Written by Sonny, who felt that her first solo single on the label had to be poignant and topical, radio station programmers quickly rejected the song as uncommercial. Since Sonny's first attempts at reviving their recording career as a duo had also been unsuccessful, Kapp Records recruited Snuff Garrett to work with them. He produced Cher's first solo number-one single, \"Gypsys, Tramps & Thieves\", which \"proved that ... Garrett knew more about Cher's voice and her persona as a singer than Sonny did\", writes Cher biographer Mark Bego. It became the biggest-selling single in the history of MCA Records then and was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance. Released in September 1971, the Gypsys, Tramps & Thieves album features cover versions of contemporary hits such as \"The Way of Love\", a US top-ten single that established Cher's more confident image as a recording artist. In 1972, Cher released the all-ballad set Foxy Lady, demonstrating the evolution of her vocal abilities. That year, Garrett quit as producer after disagreeing with Sonny about the kind of material Cher should record.", "In 1971, Sonny and Cher signed with the Kapp Records division of MCA Records , and Cher released the single \"Classified 1A\", in which she sings from the point of view of a soldier who bleeds to death in Vietnam . Written by Sonny, who felt that her first solo single on the label had to be poignant and topical, the song was rejected by radio station programmers as uncommercial. Since Sonny's first attempts at reviving their recording career as a duo had also been unsuccessful, Kapp Records recruited Snuff Garrett to work with them. He produced Cher's first U.S. solo number-one single, \" Gypsys, Tramps & Thieves \", which \"proved that ... Garrett knew more about Cher's voice and her persona as a singer than Sonny did\", writes Bego. [55] The song was featured on the 1971 album Chér (eventually reissued under the title Gypsys, Tramps & Thieves), which was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). [56] Its second single, \" The Way of Love \", reached number seven on the Billboard Hot 100 chart [57] and established Cher's more confident image as a recording artist. [15]", "At age 16, Cher dropped out of school, left her mother's house, and moved with a friend into Los Angeles, where she took acting classes and worked to support herself. She danced in small clubs along Hollywood's Sunset Strip , introducing herself to performers, managers, and agents. [11] According to Berman, \"[Cher] did not hesitate to approach anyone she thought could help her get a break, make a new contact, or get an audition.\" [12] Cher met performer Sonny Bono in November 1962 when he was working for record producer Phil Spector . [12] Cher's friend moved out, and Cher accepted Sonny's offer to be his housekeeper . [13] Sonny introduced Cher to Spector, who used her as a backup singer on many recordings, including the Ronettes ' \" Be My Baby \" and the Righteous Brothers ' \" You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin' \". [14] Spector produced her first single, the commercially unsuccessful \" Ringo, I Love You \", which Cher recorded under the name Bonnie Jo Mason. [15]", "Later in 1965 Cher released her debut solo album, titled All I Really Want to Do which reached number 16 on the Billboard 200 album chart. [19] The gold-certified album contained a cover of the Bob Dylan song \" All I Really Want to Do \" which peaked at number 15 on the Billboard Hot 100. [20]", "According to writer Cintra Wilson, \"English newspaper photographers showed up when S&C were thrown out of the London Hilton of their outfits the night they arrivedâliterally overnight, they were stars. London went gaga for the heretofore-unseen S&C look, which was neither mod nor rocker.\"<br /><br /> \"I Got You Babe\" reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and became, according to AllMusic's Bruce Eder, \"one of the biggest-selling and most beloved pop/rock hits of the mid-'60s\"; Rolling Stone listed it among \"The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time\" in 2003. As the song knocked the Beatles off the top of the British charts, English teenagers began to emulate Sonny and Cher's fashion style, such as bell-bottoms, striped pants, ruffled shirts, industrial zippers and fur vests. Upon their return to the U.S., the duo made several appearances on the teen-pop showcases Hullabaloo and Shindig! and completed a tour of some of the largest arenas in the U.S. Their shows attracted Cher look-alikesâ\"girls who were ironing their hair straight and dyeing it black, to go with their vests and bell-bottoms\". Cher expanded her creative range by designing a clothing line. Read Less", "She pursued a dual career for the next two years, cutting solo recordings under Sonny's guidance that regularly charted, and duets with her husband for Atco. A month after \"All I Really Want to Do,\" they released \"I Got You Babe,\" which was one of the biggest-selling and most beloved pop/rock hits of the mid-'60s, and the couple's signature tune across two eras of success. Cher's solo career ended up slightly overshadowed by her work with Sonny & Cher, but at the time she was fully competitive on her own terms -- her first LP reached the Billboard Top 20 and was on the albums charts for six months. \"Bang Bang (My Baby Shot Me Down)\" was another hit, a million-seller that made number three in America and England, and she made the Top Ten once more with her 1967 single \"You Better Sit Down Kids.\" The latter song, written by Sonny (and which was also a hit for Glen Campbell), dealt with divorce, an unusual subject for a 1960s pop record, and was one of a series of releases on which Cher's music broached difficult areas -- others were \"I Feel Something's in the Air,\" which dealt with unwanted pregnancy, and \"Mama (When My Dollies Have Babies).\"", "The lead single in Europe and Australia was \"The Music's No Good Without You\", while the United States received \"Song for the Lonely\". \"The Music's No Good Without You\" received major success in the UK, becoming a top ten hit, making Cher one of the few artists to have a top 10 hit in 5 consecutive decades. \"Song for the Lonely\" peaked at number 85 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number one on the Billboard Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart (one of four songs from the album to top the U.S. dance chart). \"Alive Again\" and \"A Different Kind of Love Song\" were follow-up singles. \"A Different Kind of Love Song topped the Billboard Hot Dance Music/Club Play and chart on the Hot 100 at #105. Despite not being released as a single \"When the Money's Gone\" charted on the Hot 100 at #112.", "Cher's following releases kept her solo career fully competitive with her work with Sonny. [15] The Sonny Side of Chér (1966) features \" Bang Bang (My Baby Shot Me Down) \", which reached number two in America and became her first million-seller solo single. Chér , also released in 1966, contains the Burt Bacharach and Hal David composition \" Alfie \", which was added to the credits of the American version of the 1966 film of the same name and became the first stateside version of the popular song. With Love, Chér (1967) includes songs described by biographer Mark Bego as \"little soap-opera stories set to rock music\" such as the U.S. top-ten single \" You Better Sit Down Kids \". [37]", "By early 1965, Caesar and Cleo had begun calling themselves Sonny & Cher. Following the recording of \"I Got You Babe\", they travelled to England in July 1965 at the Rolling Stones' advice; Cher recalled, \"[they] had told us ... that Americans just didn't get us and that if we were going to make it big, we were going to have to go to England.\" According to writer Cintra Wilson, \"English newspaper photographers showed up when S&C were thrown out of the London Hilton [because of their outfits] the night they arrived\"?literally overnight, they were stars. London went gaga for the heretofore-unseen S&C look, which was neither mod nor rocker.\" \"I Got You Babe\" topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart and became, according to Allmusic's Bruce Eder, \"one of the biggest-selling and most beloved pop/rock hits of the mid-'60s\". As the song knocked the Beatles off the top of the British charts, English teenagers began to emulate Sonny and Cher's fashion style, such as bell-bottoms, striped pants, ruffled shirts, industrial zippers and fur vests. Upon their return to the US, the duo made several appearances on the teen-pop showcases Hullabaloo and Shindig! and completed a tour of some of the largest arenas in the US. Their shows attracted Cher look-alikes\"?\"girls who were ironing their hair straight and dying it black, to go with their vests and bell-bottoms.\" Cher expanded her creative range by designing a clothing line.", "Cher holds the record of notching No. 1s on the Hot 100 over the longest period of time: 33 years, seven months and three weeks. The first of three weeks at No. 1 for \"I Got You Babe\" by Sonny & Cher was Aug. 14, 1965. The last week at No. 1 for Cher's \"Believe\" was Apr. 3, 1999.", "Cher first rose to prominence in 1965 as one half of the pop/rock duo Sonny & Cher. She also established herself as a solo recording artist, releasing 25 albums, contributing to numerous compilations, and tallying 34 Billboard Top 40 entries in the U.S. over her career, both solo and with Sonny. These include eighteen Top 10 singles and five number one singles. Cher has had 16 Top 10 hits in the UK Singles Chart between 1965 and 2003, four of which reached number one.", "By the end of 1964, Cher was signed to Liberty Records' Imperial imprint, and Sonny came along as her producer. Her second solo single, \"Dream Baby\", released under the name \"Cherilyn\", received airplay in Los Angeles. Encouraged by the song's regional success, Cher and Sonny worked together on her debut solo album, All I Really Want to Do (1965), later described by Allmusic's Tim Sendra as \"one of the stronger folk-pop records of the era\". The album reached the Billboard 200 top 20, remaining on the chart for six months. Its title track, a cover version of Bob Dylan 's song, peaked at number 15 on the Billboard Hot 100. Meanwhile, the Byrds had released their own version of the same song. When competition on the singles charts started between Cher and the Byrds, the group's record label began to promote the B-side of the Byrds' single. Roger McGuinn of the Byrds commented, \"We loved the Cher version ... We didn't want to hassle. So we just turned our record over.\"", "The biggest-selling single released by a female artist in the UK history is Cher 's \"Believe\" . It reached the top spot of the UK Singles Chart at the end of the 1998 and stayed there for 7 consecutive weeks. So far, it has amassed in excess of 1.7 million units and became one of the biggest-selling singles in the UK.", "In 1987, Cher revived her recording career after a five-year hiatus, under the coordination of rock producer and A&R man John Kalodner. Now with Geffen Records, Cher released the first of three highly successful rock albums, featuring songwriting contributions from the likes of Diane Warren, Jon Bon Jovi, Richie Sambora, Desmond Child, Mark Mangold and Michael Bolton. Darlene Love and Bonnie Tyler provided guest vocals. Cher was released in 1987, and featured the comeback single \"I Found Someone\" written by Michael Bolton and Mark Mangold (previously a minor hit for Laura Branigan), as well as \"We All Sleep Alone\" (#14, 1988). The album was a big hit, being certified Platinum in the U.S. and selling seven million copies worldwide. In 1987, she also released her first fragrance, Uninhibited.", "Cher's following releases kept her solo career fully competitive with her work with Sonny. The Sonny Side of Chï¿½r (1966) featured \"Bang Bang (My Baby Shot Me Down)\", a song with exotic-sounding Gypsy violins and a dramatic vocal delivery, which reached number two in America and became her first solo million-seller. Chï¿½r, also released in 1966, contained the Burt Bacharach and Hal David composition \"Alfie\", which was added to the credits of the American version of the 1966 film of the same name and became the first stateside version of the popular song. With Love, Chï¿½r (1968) included songs described by biographer Mark Bego as \"little soap-opera stories set to rock music\" such as the US top-ten hit \"You Better Sit Down Kids\".", "Cher made cameo appearances in the Robert Altman films The Player (1992) and Pret-a-Porter (1994). In 1994 she collaborated with MTV's cartoons Beavis and Butt-head for a rock version of Sonny & Cher's \"I Got You Babe\". The next year she and Chrissie Hynde, Neneh Cherry and Eric Clapton topped the UK Singles Chart for one week with the charity single \"Love Can Build a Bridge\".", "Bono told Time that Cher “was too frightened to perform by herself,” so he provided vocal harmony “just to be with her.” After a short stint as “Caesar and Cleo” they began singing as Sonny and Cher, and their third record release—the 1965 soft-rock tune “I Got You, Babe”—sold more than four million copies and made them instant headliners. By the fall of that year they had five singles on the Top-40 charts simultaneously and were playing at major rock concerts in the United States and Europe .", "Bono told Time that Cher “was too frightened to perform by herself,” so he provided vocal harmony “just to be with her.” After a short stint as Caesar and Cleo they began singing as Sonny and Cher, and their third record release—featuring the 1965 soft-rock tune “I Got You, Babe”—sold more than four million copies and made them instant headliners. By the fall of that year they had five singles on the top 40 charts simultaneously and were playing at major rock concerts in the United States and Europe .", "Cher, of course, had hit number one as half of Sonny and Cher prior to her solo career.", "Cher has had three careers that place her indelibly in the public consciousness, and two have been in association with her then-husband, composer/producer/singer Salvatore \"Sonny\" Bono (b. February 16, 1935, d. January 8, 1998). She charted major hit records in the 1960s and 1970s, working in idioms ranging from early-'60s girl group-style ballads to Jackie Deshannon folk-influenced pop, to adult contemporary pop in the manner of later Dusty Springfield. She also embarked on an acting career, initially in the late '60s in association with her work as part of Sonny & Cher but later on her own, which led to a series of increasingly polished and compelling performances in Silkwood, Mask, and Moonstruck, for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress.", "Although Cher had a recording career on her own alongside her work as part of Sonny & Cher, it's common knowledge that Sonny still called most of the shots for her solo efforts. Of course, he wrote this number for it to be featured on her second solo hit album \"The Sonny Side of Chér\". The track climbed all the way to number 2 on the American singles chart, being kept off the top spot by old pals The Righteous Brothers, whom Cher had once recorded backing vocals for. The song also reached number 3 in the UK whilst holding onto top 20 positions in Australia, Germany and Italy amongst many others.", "Cher's second American chart-topper, which also spent two weeks at number 1, spent a total of twenty weeks on the charts, beating her first. The song was the first - and only - US single released from her 1973 hit album \"Half-Breed\".", "Springfield got her start in pop with an all-girl group called the Lana Sisters before forming The Springfields, a folk group, with her brother. They had hits in the UK and the United States before she began her solo career in 1963. Her first hit was in 1964, with \"I Only Want to be With You\", a song, which like many of her hits was influenced by her passion for the Motown label's soul music. She was an intensely private person and her trademark make-up and wig were part of a plan to preserve her anonymity and privacy. After her successes in the Sixties, which included the songs \"Son of a Preacher Man\", \"You Don't Have to Say You Love Me\" and \"I Just Don't Know What To Do With Myself\", she went through a period of decline. She moved to the US in the early Seventies and after her album Cameo did not record a hit for many years. After a series of comebacks and a battle with drugs and alcohol, she hit the charts in the Eighties with the Pet Shop Boys and the single \"What Have I Done to Deserve This?\" Her songs started to feature on film soundtracks and she became a figure of tragic adoration for the gay community.", "This is the first of two track on the album to have been co-written by Pink. Cher straddles a banjo beat and it’s from whence the album’s title came. With a nifty, foot-tappable chorus, she expresses her need to go it solo. “There’s a gypsy in me that keeps on roaming, and there’s an anger as I get closer to the truth…”", "Doris Troy signed with Atlantic in early 1963 and in June scored a major hit with \" Just One Look \", which she co-wrote and which reached #3 on the R&B chart and #10 on the pop chart. She scored another UK hit with \" What'cha Gonna Do About It \" and went on to a long and a successful career as a backing vocalist on many Dusty Springfield hits and with other famous acts including Pink Floyd , George Harrison and Nick Drake . \"Just One Look\" has been covered by many other artists including The Hollies , whose version became a major hit in the UK and gave the group its first US chart placing in 1964.", "As the duo of \"Sonny & Cher\" released popular singles one after another, Cher continued to release albums of her solo performances.", "Doris Troy signed with Atlantic in early 1963 and in June scored a major hit with \"Just One Look\", which she co-wrote and which reached #3 on the R&B chart and #10 on the pop chart. She scored another UK hit with \"What'cha Gonna Do About It\" and went on to a long and a successful career as a backing vocalist on many Dusty Springfield hits and with other famous acts including Pink Floyd, George Harrison and Nick Drake. \"Just One Look\" has been covered by many other artists including The Hollies, whose version became a major hit in the UK and gave the group its first US chart placing in 1964.", "Born to an Irish Roman Catholic family that loved music, Mary O’Brien learned to sing at home. Dusty Springfield began her solo career in 1963 with the upbeat pop hit “I Only Want To Be With You”. Her following singles “I Just Don’t Know What to Do with Myself”, “Wishin’ and Hopin'”, and “You Don’t Have to Say You Love Me” charted on the both sides of the Atlantic. A fan of American pop music, she campaigned to bring the little-known soul singers to a wider U.K. audience by devising and hosting the first British performances of the top-selling Motown Records artists in 1965. Her song “The Look of Love”, written for Dusty Springfield by Burt Bacharach and Hal David, was featured in the film Casino Royale and nominated for an Academy Award for Best Song in 1967." ]	[ 7.05859375, 5.9296875, 5.80078125, 4.49609375, 3.939453125, 3.47265625, 3.06640625, 2.45703125, 1.8134765625, 1.646484375, 1.5947265625, 1.5234375, 1.3564453125, 1.05859375, 1.0166015625, 0.9765625, 0.90283203125, 0.80712890625, 0.05389404296875, 0.03350830078125, -0.96923828125, -1.0244140625, -1.2763671875, -1.7333984375, -1.9775390625, -2.3828125, -2.68359375, -3.82421875, -4.515625, -4.62890625, -4.69921875, -6.21875 ]
Which successful British pop group got their name from part of the title of a children's TV show and part of the title of a song by Roxy Music?	[ "Bananarama formed and based in London and became the most successful British girl-group in pop history. Their name was an amalgam of the popular children's television program, ï¿½The Banana Splitsï¿½ and ï¿½Pyjamaramaï¿½ the number 10 UK chart hit by Roxy Music. Friends Keren Woodward and Sarah Dallin joined with fashion college student Siobhan Fahey in 1981.", "The characters gained a higher national profile in the UK in the mid-1970s as a result of a BBC commissioned children's television show which used stop motion animation. A number of spin-off novelty songs also became hits in the British music charts. The Wombles pop group was the idea of British singer and composer Mike Batt.", "The characters became nationally famous in the UK in the mid 1970s as a result of a very popular BBC children's television show using stop motion animation. A number of spin-off novelty songs also became major hits in the British music charts. The Wombles (band) w …more", "There was a \"pop\" group in the 1960's in Britain called \"Scaffold\" whose main claim to fame was that one of them was Paul McCartney's brother and one was the Liverpool poet Roger McGough. However, they had a long-running number one hit with what most people took to be a children's song called \"Lily the Pink\", a song about Lydia Pinkham, a woman who was maybe the most famous maker of patent medicine in the U.S.A.", "One of the age old pop trivia questions is, can you name the only two hits of the seventies where the title is only mentioned once at the end of the song and the answer is usually Virginia Plain and Up the Junction, but actually they are not the only two. The Dickies’ Paranoid, Emmylou Harris’ cover of Here, There and Everywhere and Madness’ The Prince all do likewise. But let’s look at the story behind Roxy Music’s debut hit, Virginia Plain.", "A version of the rhyme became familiar to many UK children when it became the theme tune of an ITV children's TV show called Magpie, which ran from 1968 to 1980. The popularity of this version is thought to have displaced the many regional versions that had previously existed. ", "The song was not present on the original UK LP version of the band's debut, Roxy Music , and had not even been recorded when the album was released. After the success of the album in the UK, it was included on later reissues. In 1977, it was re-released as a single, together with \"Pyjamarama\", originally the second Roxy Music single, to promote their Greatest Hits album, and reached number 11.", "A compilation of kids TV themes from the 60's, 70's, 80's and 90's. Like \"The Herbs\" \"Bagpuss\" \" Trumpton\" \"Ivor the Engine\" \"Noddy\" \"Roobarb & Custard\" \"Fingerbobs\" \"The Raggy Dolls\" \"Christopher Crocodile\" \"Mr Benn\" \"Mr Men\" \"Spot\" \"Chorlton and the Wheelies\" \"Captain Pugwash\" \"Bod\" \"DangerMouse\" \"Telebugs\" \"Trap Door\" \"Andy Pandy\" and Many Others", "As the most popular teen pop sensation in Britain since the '60s, Take That ruled the U.K. charts during the first half of the '90s. In strict commercial terms, the band sold more records than any English act since the Beatles, though their cultural and musical importance was significantly less substantial. Conceived as the British answer to New Kids on the Block, Take That initially worked the same territory as their American counterparts, singing watered-down new jack R&B, urban soul, and mainstream...", "The song, which contains the lyrics \"Oh what joy for every girl and boy/Knowing they're happy and they're safe,\" is sometimes thought of as being a song for children, like \"Yellow Submarine\" or \"All Together Now\". It has also been performed by the Muppets several times in various episodes of their shows. ", "The Hollies are an English pop/rock group known for their pioneering and distinctive three-part vocal harmony style. The Hollies became one of the leading British groups of the 1960s and into the m...", "Pet Shop Boys are an English electronic pop duo, formed in London in 1981 and consisting of Neil Tennant (main vocals, keyboards, occasional guitar) and Chris Lowe (keyboards, occasional vocals).", "The tune of \"Leader of the Pack\" is credited to pop impresario George \"Shadow\" Morton together with Jeff Barry and Ellie Greenwich. According to Morton,[http://www.limusichalloffame.org/lirock/shadow06.html Shadow Morton-6] he wrote the song for the Goodies (also known as the Bunnies[http://www.webcitation.org/query?urlhttp://www.geocities.com/SunsetStrip/Frontrow/2301/bunnies.html&date", "One episode,The Hatrocks and The Gruesomes stars a group similar to The Beatles - well they had very shaggy hair, which is probably just about where the similarity ends. The Hatrocks (a parody of The Beverly Hillbillies ) are scared by 'Bug Music' on the television; they end up blasting the TV to smithereens with their shotguns. The Gruesomes pipe 'Bug Music' into the Hatrocks' fridge and telephone, and Fred had an idea to get rid of the Hatrocks by dressing up as a member of the band and singing:", "In 1964 the group was asked to provide a new theme tune for the ITV pop music television programme Ready Steady Go! . [3] They responded with \"5-4-3-2-1\" which, with the help of weekly television exposure, rose to No. 5 in the UK Singles Chart . [2] Shortly after \"5-4-3-2-1\" was recorded, Richmond left the band, [6] though he would record with them occasionally later. He was replaced by Jones' friend Tom McGuinness —the first of many changes. After a further self-penned hit, \"Hubble Bubble (Toil And Trouble),\" the band struck gold with \" Do Wah Diddy Diddy \", a cover of the Exciters ' No. 78 Hot 100 hit earlier that year. [3] The track reached the top of each of the UK, Canadian, and US charts.", "The theme tune was played by the Spencer Davis Group under the alias of The Murgatroyd Band, and composed by Eddie Hardin (lead voc., keyb.), Ray Fenwick (harm. voc., guit.) and Spencer Davis (harm. voc.guit.). The main lyric was cribbed from an old children's nursery rhyme :", "Girls Aloud was formed as part of the British reality TV show Popstars: The Rivals in 2002, and set records as the first all-girl group to debut at number one in the United Kingdom, and as the fastest group to hit number one after forming.", "In 1995, Pet Shop Boys were asked by the BBC to remix the theme tune for a revamped version of the show. This new version appeared as a b-side to the 1996 single \"Before\". This version can now be found on the 2001 re-issue of their 1996 album, Bilingual, and on their Format b-side compilation album.", "In 1995, Pet Shop Boys were asked by the BBC to remix the theme tune for a revamped version of the show. This new version appeared as a b-side to the 1996 single \"Before\". This version can now be found on the 2001 re-issue of their 1996 album, Bilingual .", "All members shared vocals, though most of the songs featured either Hawkes or drummer Dave Munden as the lead singer. Guitarist Rick Westwood sang lead vocal on \"Silence is Golden\". Their regular hits were accompanied by frequent appearances on BBC's Top of the Pops TV programme. Their songs were popular with younger music fans and parents rather than rock music fans. Altogether, without Poole the group had nine UK Top Twenty hits.", "Seven Little Girls Sitting In The Back Seat (The Avons) - The Avons. 2 CD BOX SET. The Teddy Bears' Picnic (Henry Hall & The BBC Dance Orchestra) - Henry Hall & The BBC Dance Orchestra. CHILDHOOD MEMO...", "Going by this list, 1986 might really have been the peak year for UK TV spin-off singles, but this one came first. The Young Ones had ended two years earlier with Rick, Vyvyan, Mike and Neil going on a summer holiday in a stolen bus before it crashed through a Cliff Richard billboard and then right off a cliff. Rik Mayall, Ade Edmondson, Christopher Ryan and Nigel Planer reunited for Comic Relief, to provide bellowed backing vocals and music video shenaniganizing for one of Richard's hits with The Shadows and arguably made it their own.", "Over the years, the very popular animated TV show The Simpsons has included many references to the Beatles.", "The BBC had commissioned the Beatles to write a song for the UK's contribution to the program containing a simple message to be understood by all nationalities .", "They had a string of successful chart singles penned by Bill Oddie. In 1974-75, they chalked up five hit singles in twelve months: \"The Inbetweenies\", \"Black Pudding Bertha\", \"Nappy Love\" and \"Funky Gibbon\" (all performed during the episode \"The Goodies – Almost Live\"), and \"Make a Daft Noise for Christmas\".", "The Kinks were formed in 1963 by two brothers, Ray and Dave Davies and at first were named the Ravens. Ray was the lead singer and sometimes played guitar, Dave was the lead guitarist. Ray's friend Peter Quaife join then and played bass and the drummer was Mickey Willett. The first song they recorded, Ray's \"I Took My Baby Home\" was sent to Pye Records in late '63 and they were signed to a contract in '64. Just before doing so, Willett was replaced by Mick Avory on drums. They recorded their first single, a cover of Little Richard's \"Long Tall Sally\" and just before it's release renamed the group \"the Kinks\".", "Song: Barnardo's has its own song, which was sung by children from Dedham C of E Primary School at the Royal Albert Hall to raise money for the charity.", "Hey, It's That Voice! -- Eric Idle sings the theme tune (he also composed it). He also is one of the singers who leaves the mocking song in the tape in the car tape deck (and most likely composed that one too).", "Top of the Pops is the name of a series of records issued by Pickwick Records on their Hallmark label, which contain anonymous cover versions of recent and current hit singles. The recordings were intended to replicate the sound of the original hits as closely as possible. The albums were recorded by a studio group comprising session musicians and singers who remained unaccredited, although they included Tina Charles and Elton John before they became famous in their own right.", "The group appeared on ITV Associated Rediffusion's popular music TV series Ready Steady Go! Read Less", "Another song, “Watership Down,” was written by Gerry Beckley of Americafor use as the theme song. It was never used, but the band recorded it for their 1976 album, Hideaway. An alternate mix can be found on the box set Highway.", "First No 1 performed by US tv cartoon characters. The series was never shown in UK. Created by Ron Dante ." ]	[ 6.2734375, 1.78515625, -0.58056640625, -1.11328125, -1.5458984375, -1.9736328125, -2.14453125, -3.326171875, -3.896484375, -3.93359375, -4.0390625, -4.3671875, -4.703125, -4.9921875, -5.39453125, -5.578125, -6.33203125, -6.359375, -6.37109375, -6.40234375, -6.41015625, -6.796875, -6.96484375, -7.109375, -7.53125, -7.81640625, -8.84375, -9.2421875, -9.3125, -9.3359375, -9.5390625, -10.0234375 ]
Which US three piece band is made up of Taylor, Isaac and Zac?	[ "Brothers Isaac, Taylor and Zac Hanson are best known as the Tulsa -based pop band Hanson, famous the world over for such hits as “MMMBop,” “I Will Come to You” and “Where’s the Love.” The Hanson brothers’ passion for music began in their hometown of Tulsa after discovering their father’s rock-and-roll album collection. Soon after this fated discovery, the brothers began singing around the house, obtaining musical instruments from thrift stores in order to form their very own band.", "Hanson is an American pop band from Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States, formed by brothers Isaac (guitar, bass, piano, vocals), Taylor (keyboards, piano, guitar, drums, vocals) and Zac (drums, piano, guitar, vocals). Supporting members include Dimetres Collins (keyboards, guitar), and Andrew Perusi (bass) who have toured and performed live with the band since 2007. They are best known for the 1997 hit song \"MMMBop\" from their major label debut album Middle of Nowhere, which earned three Grammy nominations. Despite the enormous commercial success of Middle of Nowhere, the band suffered from the merger that eliminated their label, Mercury Records. The group was moved to Island Def Jam Music Group, which they eventually left after a conflict with the label. Hanson has sold over 16 million records worldwide and have had 8 top 40 albums and 6 top 40 singles in the US, as well as 8 top 40 singles in the UK. The band now records under its own label, 3CG Records.", "Hanson is an American pop rock band from Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States, formed by brothers Isaac, Taylor and Zac. Supporting members include Dimetres Collins, and Andrew Perusi who have toured and performed live with the band since 2007. They are best known for the 1997 hit song \"MMMBop\" from their major label debut album Middle of Nowhere, which earned three Grammy nominations. Despite the enormous commercial success of Middle of Nowhere, the band suffered from the merger that eliminated their label, Mercury Records. The group was moved to Island Def Jam Music Group, which they eventually left after a conflict with the label. Hanson has sold over 16 million records worldwide and have had 8 top 40 albums and 6 top 40 singles in the US, as well as 8 top 40 singles in the UK. The band now records under its own label, 3CG Records.", "Hanson is an American pop rock band formed in Tulsa, Oklahoma by brothers Isaac, Taylor, and Zac Hanson. They are best known for the 1997 hit song \"MMMBop\" from their major label debut album Middle Of Nowhere, which earned three Grammy nominations. Desp...", "Isaac, Taylor and Zac Hanson have been performing since 1992. You'd think this would be justified in that they are brothers, but Oasis has shown that brotherhood doesn't mean getting along.", "Hanson is an American pop rock band formed in Tulsa, Oklahoma by brothers Isaac, Taylor, and Zac Hanson. They are best known for the 1997 hit song \"MMMBop\" from their major label debut album Middle Of Nowhere, which earned three Grammy nominations. Despite the enormous commercial success of Middle Of Nowhere, the band suffered from the merger that eliminated Mercury Records and were moved to Island Def Jam Music Group, which they eventually left after conflict with the label about creative input. The band now records under its own label, 3CG Records.", "The band, formed in Oklahoma in 1992, features brothers Isaac, Taylor and Zac. When they first formed the band, the youngest brother, Zac, was only 6 years old.", "When brothers Isaac, Taylor and Zac Hanson formed a band and signed a recording contract as teenagers, they never imagined the worldwide fame they'd soon achieve.", "Hanson: The trio of brothers from Tulsa, Oklahoma set teenage hearts aflutter in 1997 with the release of their debut single 'MMMBop'. We still neither know what the lyrics are or even what 'MMMBop' means - if anything - but it sure is catchy. Isaac, Taylor and Zac now even have their own brand of beer, 'MMMHops'.", "Three-time GRAMMY winners and multi-platinum artists Zac Brown Band have become one of music's most heralded acts. Their latest gold-certified album JEKYLL + HYDE, out now on Southern Ground Artists/John Varvatos Records/Big Machine Label Group/Republic Records, marks the band’s third consecutive #1 debut on the Billboard 200 chart. Together with their three platinum-selling albums, Uncaged, You Get What You Give, and The Foundation, and their 2013 project The Grohl Sessions Vol. 1, the band has sold over eight million albums to date. On the road, Zac Brown Band set out on their largest North American Stadium Tour to date in 2015, which included two history making performances - a first ever sold-out, three-night run at Fenway Park, and the first-ever concert at Coors Field along with performances at Wrigley Field, Nationals Park, Citi Field, Comerica Park and Citizen's Bank Park. ", "One Direction is an English/Irish boy band that formed on the talent show The X Factor. One Direction's members are Niall Horan, Louis Tomlinson, Zayn Malik, Harry Styles and Liam Payne. They finished third on The X Factor, but went on to have massive success, reinvigorating the boy band genre and starting a British invasion in the U.S.", "Kings of Leon (formed 2000) are an American rock band, consisting of three brothers (Caleb, Nathan and Jared) and their cousin (Matthew), all of whom have the last name Followill, best known for their single 'Sex on Fire'.", "3 Doors Down is an American rock band from Escatawpa, Mississippi formed in 1996. Since 1998 the band consists of lead vocalist Brad Arnold, lead guitarist Matt Roberts, bass guitarist Todd Harrell and rhythm guitarist Chris Henderson. Their current drummer and percussionist is Greg Upchurch who has been with the band since 2005. [1]", "One Direction are a British-Irish boy band formed in London in 2010, consisting of members Niall Horan, Zayn Malik, Liam Payne, Harry Styles and Louis Tomlinson. They signed with Simon Cowell's record label Syco Records after being formed and finishing third in the seventh series of British television music competition The X Factor. They subsequently signed in North America with Columbia Records.", "Maroon 5 is one of the most successful groups in music today, writing hits that combine distinctive vocals with elements of rock, soul, funk, and more. This recently installed display features instruments from five band members including lead singer Adam Levine’s rare Ibanez electric guitar and lead guitarist James Valentine’s Fender Telecaster Deluxe guitar.", "Taylor Alison Swift (born December 13, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter. Raised in Wyomissing, Pennsylvania, she moved to Nashville, Tennessee, at the age of 14 to pursue a career in country music. She signed with the independent label Big Machine Records and became the youngest songwriter ever signed by the Sony/ATV Music publishing house. The release of Swift's eponymous debut album in 2006 marked the start of her career as a country music singer. Her third single, \"Our Song\", made her the youngest person to single-handedly write and perform a number-one song on the Hot Country Songs chart.", "Zac Brown Band is set to release new album Uncaged on July 10, and the band’s lead singer Zac Brown says in a statement the project is the culmination of the “powerful chemistry that’s developed by living, traveling and working as a band.”", "Sparks are an American rock and pop music band formed in Los Angeles in 1970 by brothers Ron Mael (keyboards) and Russell Mael (vocals), initially under the name Halfnelson . Best known for their quirky approach to song writing, Sparks' music is often accompanied by cutting and acerbic lyrics, and an idiosyncratic stage presence, typified in the contrast between Russell's wide-eyed hyperactive frontman antics and Ron's sedentary scowling.", "2012 debut album from the Athens, Alabama-based outfit. The band was originally formed when lead singer/guitarist Brittany Howard approached bassist Zac Cockrell during a high school psychology class and began meeting after school to write songs. Howard and Cockrell experimented with many different styles of music including roots rock, progressive rock, soul music, country music and classic rock. “I just knew that he played bass and that he wore shirts with cool bands on them that nobody had heard of,” says Howard… Read more >", "Jonas Brothers, American soft-rock band noted for its combination of optimism, catchy tunes, and cover-boy good looks. The members were Paul Kevin Jonas II (b. November 5, 1987, Teaneck, New Jersey, U.S.), Joseph Adam Jonas (b. August 15, 1989, Casa Grande, Arizona), and Nicholas Jerry Jonas (b. September 16, 1992, Dallas, Texas).", "Formed in 2009 through an audition process overseen by Jayne Collins, the Svengali of U.K. boy bands, these guys had a major U.S. breakthrough hit with triple-platinum \"Glad You Came,\" which peaked at No. 3 here after the \"Glee\" kids put their spin on it. That song was their second hit to top the U.K. charts, following debut single \"All Time Low.\" Other hits include \"Heart Vacancy,\" \"Gold Forever,\" \"Lightning,\" \"Chasing the Sun,\" \"I Found You\" and \"Walks Like Rihanna.\"", "Taylor's four siblings (Alex, Livingston, Hugh, and Kate) have also been musicians with recorded albums. Livingston is still an active musician; Kate was active in the 1970s but did not record another album until 2003; Hugh operates a bed-and-breakfast with his wife, The Outermost Inn in Aquinnah on Martha's Vineyard; and Alex died in 1993 on Taylor's birthday. Ben and Sally, his children with Carly Simon, have also embarked on musical careers. Taylor's children with his current wife express little interest in music. He has twins, Rufus and Henry. Rufus is a competitive DOTA 2 player and an avid chemist. Little is known about Henry. Taylor owns a house in Washington, Berkshire County, Massachusetts. ", "The All-American Rejects is an American rock band formed in Stillwater, Oklahoma in 1999. The band consists of bassist and lead vocalist Tyson Ritter, lead guitarist and backing vocalist Nick Wheel...", "Just the boys: Musicians Luke Hemmings, Calum Hood, Michael Clifford and Ashton Irwin of 5 Seconds Of Summer", "They toured independently as a Christian Rock /Pop Rock band with their father as their manager before getting signed to Columbia Records in 2005 and releasing their first album, It's About Time, which was not widely recognized. In the fall of 2006, after getting dropped from Columbia, they got signed by Hollywood Records and absorbed by the Disney Corporation. There are three Jonas brothers, Kevin, Joe and Nick . (Other spots in the music are filled by studio musicians or tape decks.)", "Rather than using the conventional tools of hip hop production, Gym Class Heroes use live instrumentation, similar to artists such as Florescent Theifs, Stetsasonic, The Roots, N.E.R.D., Flobots, and Crown City Rockers. They have collaborated with Fall Out Boy's Patrick Stump on numerous occasions, notably for providing backing vocals on the song \"Cupid's Chokehold.\" The band plans to release their fourth LP, The Quilt, later this year.", "A boy band (or boyband) is loosely defined as a vocal group consisting of young male singers, usually in their teenage years or in their twenties at the time of formation, singing love songs marketed towards young females. Being vocal groups, most boy band members do not play musical instruments, either in recording sessions or on stage, making the term something of a misnomer. However, exceptions do exist. Many boy bands dance as well as sing, usually giving highly choreographed performances.", "In an interview, Caleb admitted to \"kidnapping\" their cousin Matthew from his hometown in Mississippi in order for him to join the band. They told his mother that he was just staying for a week, but they consequently never allowed him to return home. Drummer Nathan added, \"When we signed the deal with RCA, it was just me and Caleb. The label told us they were going to put a band together, but we said, 'We're going to buy our little brother a bass, he's a freshman in high school. Caleb will teach himself the guitar. Our cousin Matthew played guitar when he was 10 and I'll play drums.' The record label agreed,\".", "*Appeared on The X Factor UK Season 10 in a duet with Taylor Swift. They sang The Last Time to promote it as a UK single on 3 November 2013.", "Michaelson's band mate, Allie Moss released a 2009 EP entitled Passerby. A single from the EP, \"Corner,\" was picked up in the United Kingdom by British Telecommunications for their BT Infinity television commercials. Other band members include Chris Kuffner (Bass), husband of Bess Rogers (Guitar), Saul Simon-MacWilliams (keys) and Elliot Jacobson (drums).", "Caleb Followill (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Jared Followill (bass guitar), Matthew Followill (lead guitar), and Nathan Followill (drums, percussion)", "Their music is all acoustic with a metal and punk feel. The songs comprise of Rock, punk and Heavy Metal covers in a Bluegrass style, some traditional Bluegrass songs plus a few Folk songs added in for good measure." ]	[ 6.1015625, 5.90625, 5.66015625, 4.98828125, 4.93359375, 4.65625, 3.7734375, 2.390625, 1.435546875, -3.890625, -4.125, -4.2890625, -4.5078125, -4.5703125, -4.61328125, -4.9375, -5.28515625, -5.71484375, -6.0390625, -6.40625, -7.10546875, -7.28125, -7.40234375, -7.44140625, -7.46484375, -7.46484375, -8.09375, -8.1796875, -8.2421875, -8.46875, -8.5234375, -8.8984375 ]
How many UK top 40 hits did Prince have in the 1980s?	[ "U actually forgot Do me Baby, Dirty mind, and raspberry beret, this brings prince's # up to 29 top 40 hits in the 80s alone :)", "Where we have sources we have included them, that is why \"Thriller\" does top our list of albums, however the fact is that Jackson had 2 major hit albums in the 1980s, while Prince had 7. Under the criteria used to assemble this list that puts Prince above Jackson.", "Prince scored five #1 albums worldwide and twenty eight top 20 hits. It's quite plainly obvious that he was, in terms of charts, the most successful artist of the 1980s. Madonna followed closely with four less top 20 singles and two less albums. Jackson's argument is way overdone. Because of his two-album input, he's at 4.", "Prince Rogers Nelson (June 7, 1958 – April 21, 2016) was an American singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, record producer, and actor. He was a musical innovator and known for his eclectic work, flamboyant stage presence, extravagant dress and makeup, and wide vocal range. His music integrates a wide variety of styles, including funk, rock, R&B, new wave, soul, psychedelia, and pop. He has sold over 100 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling artists of all time. He won seven Grammy Awards, a Golden Globe Award, and an Academy Award for the film Purple Rain. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2004, the first year of his eligibility. Rolling Stone ranked Prince at number 27 on its list of 100 Greatest Artists—\"the most influential artists of the rock & roll era\". ", "Prince Rogers Nelson (June 7, 1958 – April 21, 2016), known from 1993 to 2000 as an unpronounceable symbol (or, informally, 'The Artist Formerly Known as Prince', 'Tafkap', 'The Artist', etc), was a popular American musician. Known for his musical innovation, skill and prolificness, Prince was one of the best selling and critically acclaimed artists of the rock era, selling over 100 million records worldwide. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2004, the first year of his eligibility. During his career, Prince released 39 albums and 97 singles, including five U.S. number one hits: \"When Doves Cry\", \"Let's Go Crazy\", \"Kiss\", \"Batdance\" and \"Cream\".", "Surprised no one mentioned Phil Collins on here as one of the most successful of the 1980s. I am a little shocked he doesn't land in the Top 5. Where does he land according to your data? He had 7 number one singles in the 80s (the same amount as Madonna and 3 more than Prince), and sold 24 million certified albums in the US. Where does he stand then? And just curious, but if you factored in his work with Genesis would he place as number 1? Becuase I believe the 2 combined would give him the most top 40 hits of the decade.", "Prince was born in Minneapolis and developed an interest in music as a young child. He signed a recording contract with Warner Bros. at the age of 18, and released his debut album For You in 1978. His 1979 album Prince went platinum, and his next three records—Dirty Mind (1980), Controversy (1981), and 1999 (1982)—continued his success, showcasing Prince's prominently sexual lyrics and blending of funk, dance, and rock music. In 1984, he began referring to his backup band as the Revolution and released Purple Rain, which served as the soundtrack to his eponymous 1984 film debut and was met with widespread acclaim. After releasing the albums Around the World in a Day (1985) and Parade (1986), The Revolution disbanded, and Prince released the double album Sign o' the Times (1987) as a solo artist. He released three more solo albums before debuting the New Power Generation band in 1991.", "Prince's next success was 1991's Diamonds and Pearls. Following the critical mauling of Graffiti Bridge (a third attempt at a movie) the previous year, Prince returned with a new band, The New Power Generation, giving fans more of the same. It produced two Top 5 hits, the title track and \"Cream\" (which Prince apparently wrote in five minutes whilst shaving) giving him another US No.1. Other notable tracks are \"Gett Off\", \"Money Don't Matter 2Nite\" and \"Strollin'\". Whilst hugely successful, it was apparent that Prince was slowly disconnecting from public tastes, notably hip-hop (something he had dismissed) and the rise of groups such as Public Enemy.", "By 1983, Prince had released five albums. The first four — For You, Prince, Dirty Mind, Controversy — all performed well. (Prince and Controversy were both certified platinum; “I Wanna Be Your Lover” off Prince hit number 11 on Billboard’s charts.) But it was 1999 that put Prince in front of a wider audience with massive radio airplay.", "Prince’s career was marked by a sort of insatiable musical wanderlust, every masterpiece (and there were so, so many) seeming to double as yet another turning point. One of the most significant of these was “Little Red Corvette,” the breakout single from his album 1999 that finally gave him a bona fide pop hit, peaking at No. 6 on the Billboard Hot 100 in early 1983. Prince was 24 when he recorded “Little Red Corvette,” and 34 years later it remains the greatest song about casual sex ever written. It’s fitting that Prince holds this distinction, considering how fluent he was in matters of the flesh, particularly early in his career, with songs like “Head,” “Jack U Off,” and the still-breathtaking “Sister” pioneering new modes of irresistible musical pornography.", "After leaving the Commodores, Lionel Richie became one of the most successful male solo artists of the '80s, arguably eclipsed during his 1981-1987 heyday only by Michael Jackson and Prince. Richie dominated the pop charts during that period with an incredible run of 13 consecutive Top Ten hits, five of them number ones. As his popularity skyrocketed, Richie moved further away from his R&B origins and concentrated more on adult contemporary balladry, which had been one of his strengths even as part of the Commodores. After 1987, Richie fell silent, taking an extended break from recording and touring before beginning a comeback toward the end of the '90s. He settled into a relaxed recording and touring schedule. Through the early 2010s, his albums switched between sophisticated R&B, surprisingly pop-oriented material, and even contemporary country.", "1983: In 1983 Prince first releases the song 1999 (number 25), then re-releases it in 1985 (number 2), re-releases it again in January 1999 (number 10), and re-releases the earlier re-release in December 1999 (number 51).", "In 1985, Prince announced that he would discontinue live performances and music videos after the release of his next album. His subsequent recording, Around the World in a Day (1985), held the No. 1 spot on the Billboard 200 for three weeks. From that album, the single \"Raspberry Beret\" reached No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100, and \"Pop Life\" reached No. 7.", "The Artist once again known as Prince is making something of a comeback. The singing sensation of the 1980s is in the midst of a 38-city tour bouncing off the buzz created by his induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and a recent performance at the Grammys.", "Probably the most successful British pop band of the era were the duo Wham! with an unusual mix of disco, soul, ballads and even rap, who had eleven top ten hits in the UK, six of them number ones, between 1982 and 1986.P. Gambaccini, T. Rice and J. Rice, British Hit Singles (6th edn., 1985), pp. 338-9. George Michael released his debut solo album, Faith in 1987, and would go on to have seven UK number one singles. The 1985 concert Live Aid held at Wembley Stadium would see some of the biggest British artists of the era perform, with Queen stealing the show. ", "prince: I wanna be your lover, controversy, 1999, little red corvette, delirious, when doves cry, let's go crazy, purple rain, i would die for you, take me with you, pop life, kiss, mountains, girls & boys, another love hole in ur head, sign of the times, if i was your girlfriend, u got the look, i could never take the place of your man, alphabet street, glam slam, i wish u heaven, batdance, party man, arms of orion, and scandalous", "In 1982, he released the 1999 double-album (released in some countries as a single-album) which \"broke\" Prince into the mainstream in the US and internationally, selling over three million copies. The title track was a protest against nuclear proliferation and became his first top ten hit internationally.", "Profile of the man who in the 1980s, spent the equivalent of 5 years in the UK singles chart, had more hits in Britain than Michael Jackson, Duran Duran, and Madonna, and reached the Top 30... See full summary »", "Prince appeared at multiple award ceremonies in 2006. On February 15, 2006, Prince performed at the BRIT Awards along with Wendy and Lisa and Sheila E. He played Te Amo Corazón and Fury from 3121 and Purple Rain and Let's Go Crazy from Purple Rain . On June 27, 2006, Prince appeared at the BET Awards, where he was awarded Best Male R&B Artist.", "During the 80s , Prince had comparable success with other 'mega-superstars' such as Michael Jackson , Whitney Houston , and Madonna in terms of star power and sales. Both individually and with his backing groups ' The Revolution ' and ' The New Power Generation ', Prince remained one of the world's most bestselling artists, even as his popularity waned since the mid- 90s ,", "\"Purple Rain\" singer Prince died today at age 57, and tributes to the singer have been pouring in ever since. Chief among them was Aretha Franklin, who told ABC News: \"It was just a blow -- a real blow He had longevity in the industry simply because he was a natural and he had 'it'. What they call", "Lionel's rapport with his fans is legendary. Not only do they sing along at all his concerts all over the world, but the 'first name basis' he's earned in their hearts has been protocol since his days with the Commodores. When he left the group in 1981 to pursue a solo career, his fans rolled with him. They watched Lionel become one of the most successful artists of the '80's, earning a string of 13 top ten hits between 1981 and 1987, including five number 1 singles \"Endless Love,\" \"Truly,\" \"All Night Long (All Night),\" \"Hello,\" and \"Say You (Say Me.\") His 1982 self titled album established a run of platinum plus discs throughout the 80's. Can't Slow Down (released in 1983) sold 20 million units worldwide and 1986's Dancing On The Ceiling became a pop and R&B classic (and included the Oscar nominated song \"Say You Say Me). Richie also, somehow found time to co-write with Michael Jackson what eventually would become pop's most famous anthem, the Live-Aid tune \"We Are The World.\"", "Paul Antony Young (born 17th January 1956) is an English singer, songwriter and musician. Formerly the frontman of the short-lived bands Kat Kool & the Kool Cats, Streetband and Q-Tips, his subsequent solo success turned him into a 1980s teen idol. He is famous for such hit singles as \"Love of the Common People\", \"Wherever I Lay My Hat\", \"Come Back and Stay\", \"Everytime You Go Away\" and \"Everything Must Change\", all reaching the top 10 of the UK Singles Chart. Released in 1983, his debut album No Parlez, the first of three UK number one albums, turned him into a household name. His smooth yet soulful voice belonged to a genre known as \"blue-eyed soul\". At the 1985 Brit Awards, Young received the award for Best British Male. ", "He continued to sell millions of albums and pack out stadiums with the rise of the New Romantic scene in 1980s Britain. He embraced pop, finding chart success with songs such as Let’s Dance and Queen collaboration Under Pressure.", "They also had a massive hit with Crazy Little Thing Called Love. By the end of the decade, the group had sold more than 45million albums including their new Killer Live (sic) L.P. Queen had their second No.1 single Under Pressure, recorded with David Bowie in 1981 and released their Greatest Hits L.P.", "4. Prince is the official pioneer of \"the Minneapolis sound\" heralded by music mags throughout the '80s.", "The music video for the single \" Little Red Corvette \" proved to be popular, notably being one of the first music videos by an African-American artist to be played on MTV alongside Michael Jackson's \"Billie Jean\". Other songs such as \" 1999 \" filled dance floors from city to city and showed a synthpop driven side that brought Prince an even larger fanbase. His skilled live tours showcased a group of talented backing musicians that he dubbed '' The Revolution ', and included artists that went on to other prominent endeavors.", "After uneven commercial success in the late 1970s, Bowie had UK number ones with the 1980 single “ Ashes to Ashes ” and its parent album, Scary Monsters (and Super Creeps) . He paired with Queen for the 1981 UK chart-topping single “ Under Pressure “, then reached a new commercial peak in 1983 with the album Let’s Dance , which yielded the hit singles “ Let’s Dance “, “ China Girl “, and “ Modern Love “. Throughout the 1990s and 2000s, Bowie continued to experiment with musical styles, including blue-eyed soul , industrial , adult contemporary , and jungle . His last recorded album was Reality (2003), which was supported by the 2003–2004 Reality Tour .", "If John’s retirement decision was short-lived (he returned to concert touring in 1979), some fundamental changes in his lifestyle were not. The 1980s have seen a less flamboyant Elton John, one who has eschewed the glittering costumes and onstage acrobatics. His best known 1980s hits, with the exception of the defiant “I’m Still Standing,” reflect a greater interest in the blues and ballad forms and a more mellow vocal sound. According to Jim Gladstone in the Philadelphia Inquirer, however, John’s live performing talents “remain in bloom after 20 years.” In People magazine, John suggested that diversity is the key to a long career in entertainment. He said: “I can see myself singing at 50 and 60 and hope I will always have something to contribute.”", "When Gordon Mills died in 1986, Jones's son became his new manager, and he has overseen a resurgence in his father's career. In 1988, Jones scored a huge hit with Art of Noise , belting out a sweaty version of Prince 's \"Kiss\". More recent hits from the latter half of Jones' career include \"Sexbomb\", \"Baby It's Cold Outside\", and a reworking of Joe Cocker 's \"Mama Told Me Not To Come\".", "Prince features a song entitled \"The Ballad of Dorothy Parker\", on his 1987 album Sign o' the Times. ", "He was the winner of the British Phonographic Industry Awards for International Act and Soundtrack for \"Purple Rain\" in 1985. He was also the winner of the Brit Award for International Solo Artist in two consecutive years, 1992 and 1993." ]	[ 3.83984375, 2.083984375, 1.9951171875, 1.287109375, 1.095703125, -0.128662109375, -0.81787109375, -1.5439453125, -1.662109375, -1.666015625, -1.7763671875, -2.005859375, -2.12890625, -2.1484375, -2.44140625, -2.51953125, -2.638671875, -2.8828125, -3.10546875, -3.1328125, -3.3203125, -3.46875, -3.861328125, -4.265625, -4.37109375, -4.4765625, -5.07421875, -5.30859375, -5.4296875, -5.8203125, -6.6953125, -7.69140625 ]
What is the most popular sport to feature in films?	[ "The sports in films with the most nominations (and wins) include Boxing, Football, Baseball, and Billiards/Pool, followed by many other examples of sports. While many sports films have been nominated (more than listed here), only 14 films in the sub-genre (as of 2015) have ever won at the Academy Awards, with 26 trophies among them.", "Sports Films are those that have a sports setting (football or baseball stadium, arena, or the Olympics, etc.), competitive event (the 'big game,' 'fight,' or 'competition'), and/or athlete (boxer, racer, surfer, etc.) that are central and predominant in the story. Dramatic sports films or biographies have created memorable portraits of all-American sports heroes, individual athletes, or teams who are faced with tough odds in a championship match, race or large-scale sporting event, soul-searching or physical/psychological injuries, or romantic sub-plot distractions. Fictional sports films normally present a single sport (the most common being baseball, football, basketball, and boxing), and include the training and rise (and/or fall) of the underdog or champion in the world of sports.", "Any sport needs lot of passion and focus, it also provides fans and players of its fair share of emotional ups and downs. Though it may seem like a passive sport, our beloved game of golf also takes us on an emotional roller-coaster. Considering the popularity of golf, it is not surprising to find golf being the subject of many a movies, highlighting the finer nuances of the game, not to mention the winning, losing, and the spirit of competition.", "Typical sports football films (with biographical elements) include the sentimental biography of the Notre Dame football coach, Lloyd Bacon's Knute Rockne: All-American (1940) . One of the best films ever made about pro-football was Ted Kotcheff's North Dallas Forty (1979) which examined the brutal fact of labor abuses and drug use in professional football - loosely basing its story on the championship Dallas Cowboys team. The tearjerking made-for-TV sports film Brian's Song (1970) used professional football as the backdrop for its sad tale of the death of real-life Chicago Bears running back (James Caan as Brian Piccolo). Burt Reynolds starred in The Longest Yard (1974) as scandalized ex-professional football quarterback Paul Crewe in prison who must organize a team of convicts to challenge a prison-guard team (and then face the additional challenge of throwing the game). Recently, Cameron Crowe's sports romance-drama Jerry Maguire (1996), famous for the phrase \"Show me the money!\" starred Tom Cruise as a hard-driven major sports agent, and Academy Award-winning Cuba Gooding, Jr. as a football player.", "Association football is one of country's most popular sports, with a rich history of international competitions. Track and field, basketball, volleyball, handball, boxing, MMA, motorcycle speedway, ski jumping, cross-country skiing, ice hockey, tennis, fencing, swimming and weightlifting are other popular sports.", "There are relatively few movies dedicated to female combative athletes. Formerly, professional wrestling was the primary female combative \"sport\" which was presented as real. Examples: ... ALL THE MARBLES (1981), AMERICAN ANGELS. BAPTISM OF BLOOD (1989). Now, they give preferences to boxing; two movies should be mentioned for this theme: GIRLFIGHT (2000) and MILLION DOLLAR BABY (2004) ) awarded by a few Oscars.", "Most Frequently Cited Ranked Lists1) Football: 3.3-3.5 billion fans (Europe, Africa, Asia, Americas, etc.) 2) Cricket: 2-3 billion fans (India, UK, Pakistan, Asia, Australia, etc.) 3) Field hockey: 2-2.2 billion fans (Asia, Europe, Africa, Australia) 4) Tennis: Around 1 billion fans (Europe, Americas, Asia) 5) Volleyball: Around 900 million fans (Asia, Europe, Americas, Australia) 6) Table tennis: Around 900 million fans (Asia, Europe, Africa, Americas) 7) Baseball: Around 500 million fans (US, Japan, Cuba, Dominican Republic) 8) Golf: Around 400 million fans (US, Canada, Europe) 9) Gridiron (American football): 390-410 million fans (US mainly) 10) Basketball: Not more than 400 million fans (US, Canada mainly) ", "Below are more than 100 of the best football and football-related movies worth seeing. Most documentaries and made-for tv movies are not included, but some are.", "The film received great attention upon its theatrical release, as it also starred professional footballers Bobby Moore, Osvaldo Ardiles, Kazimierz Deyna, Paul Van Himst, Mike Summerbee, Hallvar Thoresen, Werner Roth and Pelé. Numerous Ipswich Town players were also in the film, including John Wark, Russell Osman, Laurie Sivell, Robin Turner and Kevin O'Callaghan. Further Ipswich Town players stood in for actors in the football scenes – Kevin Beattie for Michael Caine, and Paul Cooper for Sylvester Stallone. The script was written by Yabo Yablonsky. The film was entered into the 12th Moscow International Film Festival. ", "Directed by Lindsay Anderson. Cast: Richard Harris, Rachel Roberts, Alan Badel, William Hartnell, Colin Blakely, George Sewell, Vanda Godsell, Arthur Lowe, Jack Watson, Harry Markham. Set in Northern Ireland this is the story of a professional rugby player who carries the violence of the football field into every area of his life. 134 min. DVD 1178", "As such, Rocky was the very first sports movie to ever win Best Picture, charting a path for the likes of Chariots of Fire (1981) and Million Dollar Baby (2004). It’s only fitting then that both Sports Illustrated and ESPN Page 2 named Rocky the #2 sports movie of all time. The AFI followed suit, ranking the film #2 on its Top 10 Sports Movies, behind only Raging Bull (1980). Athletes everywhere replay the film in their head each time they get ready to go for a run, recreating our own Philadelphia mornings. To say it should be required viewing for all athletes is redundant, because it already is.", "The Greatest Game Ever Played Disney sports drama based on the true story of how a young golfing fanatic won the 1913 US Open as an amateur, beating his hero and a legend of the sport in the process.", "The first sports movie to win the Best Picture Academy Award was Rocky (1976) , often on the ten-best sports film lists. The only other two were Chariots of Fire (1981, UK) and Million Dollar Baby (2004). Robert DeNiro won a Best Actor Oscar for his portrayal of real-life boxer Jake LaMotta in Martin Scorsese's", "Originally airing during Monday Night Football in November of 2002, this ESPN segment on Vince Papale is what inspired the filmmakers to make the movie starring Mark Wahlberg. The segment aired as part of a tribute to the 25th anniversary of the movie Rocky, which told a similar inspirational sports story.", "\"We all know about Escape to Victory, Goal and the Allan Simonsen starrer Skytten , but which other films have included 'acting' roles for footballers?\" wonders Adrian Ashton. \"The more random the better.\"", "Winner of four Academy Awards® (including Best Picture), this internationally acclaimed British film recounts the poignant true story of two British sprinters vying for gold in the 1924 Paris Olympic Games. Harold Abrahams (Ben Cross), a driven athlete of Jewish ancestry, runs to overcome prejudice and to achieve personal fame; his rival, Eric Liddell (Ian Charleson), a devout Scottish missionary, competes for the glory of God. An inspirational story of spirit and strength in the face of enormous odds, the film combines the finest elements of athletic competition and human drama to create a compelling and timeless cinematic classic.", "Ali is a 2001 American biographical sports drama film written, produced and directed by Michael Mann. The film focuses on ten years in the life of the late boxer Muhammad Ali, played by Will Smith, from 1964–74, featuring his capture of the heavyweight title from Sonny Liston, his conversion to Islam, criticism of the Vietnam War, and banishment from boxing, his return to fight Joe Frazier in 1971, and, finally, his reclaiming the title from George Foreman in the Rumble in the Jungle fight of 1974. It also touches on the great social and political upheaval in the United States following the assassinations of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King, Jr.", "Rocky IV is a 1985 American sports film written, directed by, and starring Sylvester Stallone. The film co-stars Dolph Lundgren, Burt Young, Talia Shire, Carl Weathers, Tony Burton, Brigitte Nielsen, and Michael Pataki. Rocky IV remained the highest grossing sports movie for 24 years before it was overtaken by The Blind Side. It is the fourth and most financially successful entry in the Rocky film series. ", "Association Football plays an integral part of the film. The prisoners of war (POWs), coached and represented by John Colby (Michael Caine), who was a professional footballer for West Ham before the war, agree to play an exhibition match against a German team, only to find themselves involved in a German propaganda stunt. In the end, the POWs can leave the German camp only to play the match; they are to be imprisoned again following the match. During the game, despite the match officials being heavily biased towards the Germans, and the German team causing several deliberate injuries to the Allied players, a draw is achieved after great performances from Luis Fernandez (portrayed by Pelé), Carlos Rey (portrayed by Osvaldo Ardiles) and Arthur Hayes (portrayed by John Wark). American soldier Robert Hatch (Sylvester Stallone) plays the goalkeeping position, and makes excellent saves including one last save on a penalty kick as time expires to deny the Germans the win, drawing the game 4-4. Although, the POWs scored a goal which was disallowed by the referee, for a dubious offside decision, making the score 5-4 which prompted the crowd to shout \"Victory!\"", "Pick a movie about sports. Any movie about sports. With the possible exception of The Bad News Bears .", "Escape to Victory featured a great many professional footballers as both the POW team and the German team. Many of the footballers came from the Ipswich Town squad, who were at the time one of the most successful teams in Europe. Despite not appearing on screen, English World Cup-winning goalkeeper Gordon Banks and Alan Thatcher was closely involved in the film, working with Sylvester Stallone on his goalkeeping scenes. Sports Illustrated magazine said \"the game is marvelously photographed by Gerry Fisher, under second unit director Robert Riger.\" ", "\"We began making the game personal for the fans, like a Hollywood movie,\" Sabol told The Associated Press. \"Violent tackles, the long slow spiral of the ball, following alongside the players as they sidestepped and sprinted down the field. The movie camera was the perfect medium at the time to present the game the way the fans wanted to see it.\"", "Even though the sport has changed radically since then, anyone who has not watched those films is really missing a treat and a great learning experience.", "The Horsemen (1971) starring Jack Palance and Omar Sharif as father and son is centered on the game. ", "* The Winning Goal (film, 1920) - Footage was shot of a specially staged match between fictional teams Blacktown and Bichester, with both teams featuring 16 then-current international players. ", "The “Rumble in the Jungle” was the subject of a 1996 Academy Award winning documentary film, When We Were Kings. The match was ranked seventh in the British television program The 100 Greatest Sporting Moments.", "The film stars Richard Harris, Rachel Roberts, William Hartnell and Alan Badel. It was directed by Lindsay Anderson. The film was Richard Harris's first starring role, and won him a Best Actor Award at the 1963 Cannes Film Festival. He was also nominated for an Oscar for Best Actor in a Leading Role. Rachel Roberts won her second BAFTA award for This Sporting Life and an Oscar nomination for best actress. Harris was nominated for the BAFTA that year as well. The film opened at the Odeon Leicester Square in London's West End on 7 February 1963. ", "The British film drama This Sporting Life (1963) is considered a classic of the 1960s social realist cinema in Britain. The movie, which was directed by Lindsay Anderson, featured Richard Harris in his first starring role.", "Big in the developing world, particularly Brazil, but also asia and parts of Europe. More national federations than any other sport at more than 200 and some estimates place it as having the most number of participants. World championships screened live across Europe and Asia.", "Kevin McCourt, an army officer, was picked to play George Cooper, the English champion; Jim Berney was chosen to portray Dan Donnelly, the Irish champion. George Cooper and Dan Donnelly, as played by McCourt and Berney, had a group of supporters as well, dressed up and cheering, carrying them down into the arena. Two \"supporters\" performed getting involved in a ruckus. Local sporting clubs and townspeople comprised the spectators.", "The movie is filmed \"mockumentary\" style - the \"director\" is setting out to document Pete Wright's training a week before the match, as well as his daily life and background, but switches to Jimmy's story once he steps into Pete's place. The use of cutaway shots and still frames is a bit odd at first, but you get used to them, and it works; ditto with the soundtrack choices.", "In 2001, a biographical film on Ali's career was made. Entitled \"Ali,\" the film starred Will Smith as Muhammad Ali and was directed by Michael Mann. Smith and Jon Voight earned Academy Award nominations." ]	[ 3.302734375, 1.9951171875, 1.287109375, -0.83447265625, -1.76171875, -2.0390625, -2.298828125, -2.8046875, -2.943359375, -3.212890625, -3.220703125, -3.59375, -4.0625, -4.18359375, -4.33984375, -4.43359375, -4.5078125, -4.57421875, -4.5859375, -4.6328125, -5.1875, -5.9765625, -6.1484375, -6.47265625, -6.9296875, -7.0546875, -7.0546875, -7.48828125, -7.53515625, -8.2265625, -8.3515625, -10.5390625 ]
Which famous video game character was originally called Jumpman?	[ "Mario (マリオ Mario), previously known as Jumpman, and developed under the nickname Mr. Video, is the protagonist of the Mario series and the mascot for Nintendo . He was created by Nintendo 's Shigeru Miyamoto , and has appeared in over 200 games. Originally, he only appeared in platform games. However, he now also features in sporting games, racing games, and fighting games and others. He is considered by many to be the most famous character in video game history, [1] and is known to many as \"The Face of Video Games,\" having 6 games out of the top 10 on the list of best-selling video-games of all time. [2]", "For use in his arcade game Donkey Kong , he created a character named Jumpman, who previously went under other names, such as Mr. Video, and originally, Ossan (the Japanese term for middle-aged man). [2] This character was given red overalls and a blue shirt in order to make the arms more visible as well as a cap and moustache, as hair and a mouth were impossible to animate on the arcade system. [3] It is said that during the development for Donkey Kong Jr. , the Jumpman character was renamed to Mario when an employee at Nintendo of America's office pointed out the similar physical appearances between Jumpman and Nintendo's Italian landlord, Mario Segale. [4] [5] [6] [7] This is later confirmed by Shigeru Miyamoto during a promotional video for Super Mario Maker, which celebrates Mario's 30th anniversary. [8] While initially designed as a carpenter, after an employee noted that he looked more like a plumber, his occupation was changed and Mario Bros. soon followed [9] .", "Since debuting in 1981 in the popular Donkey Kong arcade game, the Italian plumbers have appeared in 115 titles and in their own cartoon series. According to the company, as of 2011 more than 262 million units of \"core\" Mario Bros. games have been sold worldwide. Mario originally was known as Jumpman in a Japanese arcade game before being converted into a plumber in the U.S. In 2011, the Guinness Book of World Records named the original Mario the top video game character of all time as voted-on by more than 13,000 readers.", "Donkey Kong is an arcade video game released in 1981 by Nintendo . The game was released a few years before the NES console was released, the first home console to feature this game was the Atari 2600 released in the following year of 1982 . The game was a big hit with consumers and sold a estimated one million copies. The game was subsequently released on a variety of platforms, all of which can be seen below. The game spawned several sequels and was among the earliest platforming video games to be released and also the first to feature the characters Donkey Kong and Mario. In the game, the player controls Mario , originally known as Jumpman, across a series of girders in an attempt to rescue one of his first girlfriends, Pauline , originally known as \"Lady\", who was kidnapped by Donkey Kong . In the game, Jumpman is required to jump over barrels and other similar obstacles that Donkey Kong sends down to the hero.", "Donkey Kong is considered to be the earliest major video game with a storyline that visually unfolded on screen. [3] The eponymous Donkey Kong is the game's de facto villain. He is the pet of a carpenter named \"Jumpman\" (a name chosen for its similarity to \"Walkman\" and \"Pac-Man\"; the character was later renamed Mario and made a plumber, rather than a carpenter, when Mario Bros. was released). The carpenter mistreats the ape, so Donkey Kong escapes and kidnaps Jumpman's girlfriend, originally known as the Lady, but later named Pauline. The player must take the role of Jumpman and rescue the girl. This was the first occurrence of the damsel in distress scenario that would provide the template for countless video games to come.", "Mario, of Super Mario Bros. fame, appeared in the 1981 arcade game, Donkey Kong. His original name was Jumpman, but was changed to Mario to honor the Nintendo of America's landlord, Mario Segali.", "The game was sent to Nintendo of America for testing. The sales manager hated it for being too different from the maze and shooter games common at the time, and Judy and Lincoln expressed reservations over the strange title. Still, Arakawa swore that it would be big. American staffers asked Yamauchi to change the name, but he refused. Arakawa and the American staff began translating the storyline for the cabinet art and naming the other characters. They chose \"Pauline\" for the Lady, after Polly James, wife of Nintendo's Redmond, Washington, warehouse manager, Don James. Jumpman was eventually named for Mario Segale, the office landlord. These character names were printed on the American cabinet art and used in promotional materials. Donkey Kong was ready for release.", "Mario was created out of necessity by Shigeru Miyamoto after Nintendo lost the license to create a video game based on the Popeye universe. The designers kept the gameplay, but created a new cast of characters. Mario assumed Popeye's role, and the game was released as the arcade version of Donkey Kong. In this game, he was referred to as \"Jumpman.\"", "During the development of Donkey Kong, Mario was known as Jumpman. Jumping—both to access places and as an offensive move—is a common gameplay element in Mario games, especially the Super Mario series. By the time Super Mario RPG was released, jumping became such a signature act of Mario that the player was often tasked with jumping to prove to NPCs that he was Mario. Mario's most commonly portrayed form of attack is jumping to stomp on the heads of enemies, first used in Super Mario Bros. This jump-stomp move may entirely crush smaller enemies on the stage, and usually deals damage to larger ones, sometimes causing secondary effects. This attack often enables Mario to knock the turtle-like Koopa Troopas into or out of their shells, which can be used as weapons. Subsequent games have elaborated on Mario's jumping-related abilities. Super Mario World added the ability to spin-jump, which allows Mario to break blocks beneath him. The Game Boy version of Donkey Kong allowed Mario to jump higher with consecutive jumps, and perform a back-flip. In Super Mario 64, Mario gains new jumping abilities such as these: a sideways somersault; a ground pound, which is a high-impact downward thrusting motion; and the \"Wall Kick\", which propels him upwards by kicking off walls.", "When Mario debuted in the arcade game \"Donkey Kong\", he was just called Jumpman. (Which also happens to be the generic name associated with that Michael Jordan spread leg Nike logo. Two of the most legendary icons ever both have generic versions of themselves called Jumpman. But only one of them has now reached a point of being so powerful that he shaved himself a Hitler mustache before filming a commercial and no one had the balls to correct him.)", "Nintendo knew that the main character had to have a better name if they wished for his career to continue, and as legend has it Nintendo of America's landlord arrived demanding his money when they were debating on a new name. His name was Mario Segale. The lady also needed a new name, so they named her Pauline after the warehouse manager's wife, Polly James. Jumpman would change into Mario and would become the mascot of Nintendo, Donkey Kong would soon star in his own series of games, and Pauline never made much of a name for herself when she was replaced by Princess Toadstool.", "Epyx's Jumpman (Atari 8-bit, 1983) reuses a prototypical name for the Mario character in Donkey Kong. A magazine ad for the game has the tagline \"If you liked Donkey Kong, you'll love JUMPMAN!\" Jumpman, along with Miner 2049er (Atari 8-bit 1982) and Mr. Robot and His Robot Factory (Atari 8-bit, 1984), focused on traversing all of the platforms in the level, or collecting scattered objects, instead of climbing to the top.", "A few years later Miyamoto recycled his Donkey Kong character designs; Pauline became the template for a new damsel named Princess Toadstool and “Jump Man” became a certain very famous plumber.", "It was the second appearance of Mario, and the first to appear with the name that has since appeared in Donkey Kong to name Jumpman (Springer). Equally important is the first appearance of his brother Luigi.", "Jumpman was later renamed \"Mario\" in the 1982 arcade game Donkey Kong Junior, the only game in which he has ever been portrayed as an antagonist. In the 1983 arcade game Mario Bros., Mario and his younger brother Luigi are portrayed as Italian-American plumbers who have to defeat creatures that have been coming from the sewers below New York.", "It is widely known that Nintendo sought after a Popeye license, though was refused by the owner. It can be said that the three main characters in this game were based on the characters from Popeye. Jumpman could have taken the role of the series' title character, Donkey Kong could be based on Brutus, and Lady may've been inspired by Olive. The game's primary characters can be seen below accompanied by a description.", "There are three primary characters in the game, each fulfilling a different role. Jumpman was the game's protagonist and the one the player controlled. Donkey Kong, who was stationed at the top of each stage, was the game's antagonist who kidnapped Lady. Lady was the damsel in distress who was at all times stationed at the top of each stage, yelling for help. There were multiple fireballs that littered the stages, though their role in the plot is non-existent.", "Donkey Kong was stated to be Jumpman's pet, who escaped his cage and kidnapped Jumpman's girlfriend, Lady. Jumpman was also designed to look around 24 or 26 years of age. [10]", "In 1980, as the Nintendo of America team imported Jumpman to elevate him into a franchise-leading star (Hayden Christensen style), someone noticed that he looked like their Seattle office building's landlord... a guy named Mario Segale.", "Each of the three primary characters are each different by their appearance. Not as generic as most characters of the time, the main characters each had aspects that made them unique. This, however, was not exactly done purposefully. Jumpman, for example, only has a hat because Miyamoto didn't want to create flowing hair, while his mustache is there because a moving mouth would be too difficult to animate at the time. Finally, his garb was turned into overalls as to clearly show his movements.", "Mario is the main character and protagonist of the long-running and highly successful Mario franchise . He was created by Japanese video game designer Shigeru Miyamoto and also serves as the main mascot of Nintendo . Mario made his first appearance as the protagonist of the arcade game Donkey Kong , released in 1981. Since Super Mario Bros. , his trademark abilities have been his jumping and stomping powers, with which he defeats most of his enemies; and his ability to gain powers with a plethora of items, such as the Super Mushroom , Fire Flower and the Super Star . Games have usually portrayed Mario as a silent character without a distinct personality ( Fortune Street is a notable exception). According to Nintendo's philosophy, this allows Mario to fit in many different genres and roles. In most games, he is the hero that goes on an adventure to save Princess Peach from Bowser , but he has been shown doing many other activities besides adventuring, such as racing and sporting with his younger twin brother and others.", "Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door : One of the badges in this game is the Jumpman Badge. In addition, if the player returns to the Glitz Pit and reaches first place again, one audience member says, \"JUMPMAN!!! Wait, who?\"", "to add more, Jumpman was a wickedly popular PC Jr. game as well. In the early '90s, a regular PC version of it was made as Shareware.", "Popular video games include: Pac-Man, Super Mario Bros., The Legend of Zelda, Metroid, Donkey Kong, Frogger, Digger, Tetris, and Golden Axe.", "Another example in video games is Super Mario Bros., which was released in 1985. Some of the characters include Yoshi, a dinosaur who is able to talk, run and jump, and Bowser, a \"Koopa\" that is able to perform most human characteristics, with some exceptions, as he can breathe fire.", "Mario was developed as a \"go to\" character for games that could be put in any title as needed. At the time, Miyamoto did not expect Mario to become popular. Over time, his appearance has become more defined, for example a red \"M\" in a white circle has been added to his hat, and gold buttons have been added to his overalls. He has appeared in many television programs, video releases, comic books, and a feature-length film . He has also spawned a series of branded merchandise.", "Mario Bros. Special is a video game released in 1984 for the Japanese computers NEC PC-6001mkII, NEC PC-6601, NEC PC-8801, FM-7 and Sharp X1. It is a remake of the original Mario Bros., with new stages, mechanics and gameplay.", "A flood of \"animal with attitude\" platformers, each featuring a cartoon mascot, were released after Sonic the Hedgehog: Bubsy, Aero the Acro-Bat, James Pond 3, Earthworm Jim, Zero the Kamikaze Squirrel, Awesome Possum, Ty the Tasmanian Tiger, Gex. This carried into the PlayStation era with games like Punky Skunk and Crash Bandicoot.", "Designed as a Hollywood action star, Johnny Cage is meant to serve as comic relief in contrast to the series' more serious characters like Liu Kang and Raiden. Cage's real name came from Midway Games artist and programmer John Carlton, who worked on the NBA Jam series. Cage himself was modeled after martial artist and actor Jean-Claude Van Damme, and, as such, his appearance in the first game was loosely based on Van Damme's portrayal of Dux Ryu Ninjutsu founder Frank Dux in the 1988 film Bloodsport, incorporating both the in-film costume design of Van Damme's character and his signature \"leg split\" move. ", "Capcom and Sega's former mascots include Captain Commando and Alex Kidd, respectively. Mega Man used to be considered a mascot for Capcom due to being quite recognizable and appearing in almost all of their crossover games (but Ryu predates him by a few months), but he's been Out of Focus ever since Keiji Inafune left.", "Scorpion would also indirectly play a role in the fabrication of nonexistent character Ermac when Electronic Gaming Monthly published a doctored screenshot of Scorpion from the original game in 1993. This subsequently spawned false player rumors of a glitch that would turn Scorpion's sprite red with the name \"Error Macro\" appearing in the energy bar. Ermac became playable in UMK3, in which he was a red palette swap of Scorpion who shared his Teleport Punch.", "Babality : Johnny Cage takes a pencil and paper and draws on it. The wind then blows the paper away, making it land on the screen, showing the player a poorly-drawn picture of Cage (in the style of pictures painted by small children) and a few words saying, \"To My Best Fan! Johnny Cage.\" which is most likely a homage to his Friendship in earlier games (see above). 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What is the only ten letter word that can be typed on only the top row of a keyboard or typewriter?	[ "There is only one ten-letter word in the English language which can be typed using only the top row of keys on a typewriter (or keyboard). What is it?", "Rupturewort, eleven letters long, is the longest word that can be typed using only those letters in the top row of a typewriter. Ten letter words with this property are pepperroot, pepperwort, pewterwort, pirouetter, prerequire, pretorture, proprietor, repertoire, repetitory, tetterwort, and typewriter.", "There is only one ten-letter word in the English language which can be typed using only the top row of keys on a typewriter (or keyboard). What is it? - ENGINEERING.com - AskForum - Engineering Questions and Answers - Puzzles", "On a normal QWERTY keyboard, the word ‘Typewriter’ is the longest word that can be made using the letters only on one row of the keyboard, which of course is the top row.", "SHAKALSHAS (10 letters) is the longest word which can be typed using only the middle row of letters on the keyboard. Others include HAGGADAHS, FLAGFALLS, HADASSAHS, GALAGALA, GALAHADS, HASKALAH, and ALFALFAS.", "Another story is that the QWERTY layout allowed early typewriter salesmen to impress their customers by being able to easily type out the example word \"typewriter\" without having learned the full keyboard layout , because \"typewriter\" can be spelled purely on the top row of the keyboard. However, there is no evidence to support these claims.", "Setting out a list of the longest words that can be typed on a keyboard with only the left hand necessarily depends on two factors: the language at issue and the keyboard configuration being used. Different countries and regions often have slightly different letter arrangements and character keys. Most keyboards for the English-speaking world are arranged in what’s commonly known as “ QWERTY ” fashion. All of the letters of the alphabet are arranged into three rows. Ten letters are on the top, beginning with QWERTY; 9 are in the middle; and 7 are at the bottom. They appear in a staggered fashion and are believed to be arranged in a pattern that maximizes efficiency while typing. A “left handed” keyboard work is one that can be typed easily with only the left hand, which is to say the left half of the keyboard. In general the longest English language words that can be typed in this fashion are 12 letters long, and include words like “stewardesses,” “reverberated,” and “desegregated.” Besides being a fun piece of trivia, people often use left handed words as passwords since they can be easily typed while the right hand is occupied working a mouse or cursor.", "There are four (that we know) ten-letter English words that can be made from the top row of letters on a normal QWERTY keyboard, what are they? (a clue for one of them is in the question)", "You might then naively expect that the QWERTY keyboard was designed so that most typing is done on the home row. You would be wrong. Only 32 percent of strokes are on the home row; most strokes (52 percent) are on the upper row; and a full 16 percent are on the bottom row, which you should be avoiding like the plague. Not more than 100 English words can be typed without leaving the home row. The reason for this disaster is simple: QWERTY perversely puts the most common English letters on other rows. The home row of nine letters includes two of the least used (J and K) but none of the three most frequently used (E, T, and O, which are relegated to the upper row) and only one of the five vowels (A), even though 40 percent of all letters in a typical English text are vowels.", "Not a shred. In fact, all evidence points to QWERTY being terribly inefficient. The most accessible row of the keyboard is the second, or ‘home’ row. So it would make sense if the most commonly used letters in the English language were there, right? But that’s not how QWERTY rolls. About 70% of words in English can be typed with the letters DHIATENSOR, yet only 4 of those 10 letters fall on QWERTY’s home row. The letter A falls on the home row (the only vowel to do so), but it must be struck with what is for most typists the weakest finger — the left pinky.", "What I have always read is that early typewriter technology was unequal to early typists. Fast typists jammed typewriter \"hammers\" together. Keyboard designers responded by rearranging the keys to slow them down. Keyboards designed to promote speed would place the letters most frequently used in the \"home row\" where the fingers rest. Of R, S, T, N and the vowels only A and S are in the home row and they are under the weaker ring and pinkie finger. All the other vowels are in the upper row together with P, R, T , W and Y. None are in the bottom row.", "At present, typewriters, word processors and computer input keyboards use a standard system of keys arranged on parallel stepped rows. The format is known as the Qwerty system. The name is derived from the first six letters reading from left to right of the top row of the standard typewriter keyboard.", "No number name except TWO is spelled with letters from any single row of the typewriter keyboard. No number name is typed only with left-hand, or only with right-hand, letters.", "This is the layout on modern computer keyboards. This came about because on typewriters using the alphabetical method meant that the most commonly used keys were next to each other, and got stuck a lot. The new keyboard method came about because some bright spark placed all the most common keys apart from each other, and the qwerty keyboard has stayed with us forever! You can also spell \"TYPEWRITER\" from the letters on the top row! WOW!", "Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown a top plan view of the Qwerty keyboard 10. Essentially, as one can see, the keyboard contains four rows of keys with the top row having eleven keys and containing numerical indications. The second row also has eleven keys, and essentially, the sequence in characters in this letter row indicates why the keyboard is called Qwerty when looking at the second row from left to right. The third row also has eleven keys which are mainly letter keys with the fourth or bottom row having ten keys.", "According to the present invention there is provided a typewriter comprising a keyboard having a plurality of keys divided into three substantially horizontal rows, between which keys letters of the alphabet are allocated, and means operative by said keys to write the letters of the alphabet, wherein the first key, from left to right, of the middle row, operable by the little finger of the left hand of an operator, is allocated the letter A, the sixth key, from left to right, of the middle row is allocated the letter N, four keys in each of the top, middle and bottom rows of keys, between the keys carrying the letters A and N, being allocated, respectively, the first, second or third letter of each group of three letters between the letters A and N, in alphabetical sequence from left to right across the three rows of four keys and four keys in each of the top, middle and bottom rows of keys following the letter N being allocated, respectively, the first second or third letter of each group of three letters after the letter N, in alphabetical sequence from left to right across the three rows of four keys, the row carrying each third letter of each group of three letters after the letter N being positioned such that the key carrying the letter Z is operable by the little finger of the right hand of an operator.", "• On a standard QWERTY computer keyboard, what is the only vowel not to appear in the top row of letters? A", "Which letter is furthest to the right on a top letter row on a computer keyboard?", "So, basically to sum things up, the modern computer keyboard is based off of the qwerty design. And that was designed to inhibit typing so that the typewriter would not overheat. Because these typewriter people got to design the format of the keys, they put the letters to 'typewriter' all on one line to make it easier for typewriter salesmen to demonstrate. But your fingers don't read left to write anyways, so who cares?", "17 Which letter is furthest to the right on a top letter row on a computer keyboard?", "Firstly, characters were mounted on metal arms or typebars, which would clash and jam if neighboring arms were pressed at the same time or in rapid succession. Secondly, its printing point was located beneath the paper carriage, invisible to the operator, a so-called \"up-stroke\" design. Consequently, jams were especially serious, because the typist could only discover the mishap by raising the carriage to inspect what had been typed. The solution was to place commonly used letter-pairs (like \"th\" or \"st\") so that their typebars were not neighboring, avoiding jams.", "Keyboard layouts have evolved over time, usually alongside major technology changes. Particularly influential have been: the Sholes and Glidden typewriter (1874, also known as Remington No. 1), the first commercially successful typewriter, which introduced QWERTY; its successor, the Remington No. 2 (1878), which introduced the shift key; the IBM Selectric (1961), a very influential electric typewriter, which was imitated by computer keyboards; and the IBM PC (1981), namely the Model M (1985), which is the basis for many modern keyboard layouts.", "The row above the home row contains the next-most-used letters and punctuation. Why? Because it is easier for your fingers to reach up on the keyboard than down. The least-used keys are on the bottom row.", "Q: What letter is on the left end of the middle row of letters on a typewriter keyboard?", "* A sentence which uses every letter of the alphabet (a pangram), \"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog\" can be used to check typewriters quickly.", "Did you know the word 'uncopyrightable' is the is the only 15 letter word that can be spelled without repeating any letter", "If you don't have a numeric keypad on the right side of your keyboard, these won't work. For Windows, the number codes for the uppercase letters are:", "The electronic typewriter, a typewriter with an electronic \"memory\" capable of storing text, first appeared in 1978. It was developed independently by the Olivetti Company in Italy and the Casio Company in Japan.", "33. On a standard QWERTY keyboard which letter is at the extreme right of the middle row of letters?", "What does the modern-day desktop or laptop computer’s keyboard have that the typical U.S.-English manual typewriter of the ‘50s and ‘60s lacked? (Check all that apply, and be careful — it's tricky.)", "In mentioning the typewriter about the underscore sign, what about the sign for cent(s)? I didn’t know it was still available.", "A sentence used by technicians to test keyboards on computers, due to the fact that it uses all letters in the alphabet." ]	[ 9.328125, 6.73828125, 6.65625, 3.07421875, 2.173828125, 1.8408203125, 0.57958984375, 0.5693359375, 0.55615234375, 0.4638671875, 0.1422119140625, 0.0758056640625, -0.5439453125, -0.88232421875, -1.00390625, -2.03515625, -2.5234375, -3.359375, -3.578125, -3.69921875, -3.818359375, -3.986328125, -4.72265625, -5.1640625, -5.74609375, -5.82421875, -5.9453125, -6.5234375, -6.6953125, -6.93359375, -7.05859375, -7.1015625 ]
According to the traditional rhyme, a child born on which day is said to be full of grace?	[ "The rhyme is a fortune-telling song, predicting that children born on different days are to lead different lives. For example, children born on a Monday are said to be \"fair of face,\" while those born on a Tuesday are \"full of grace,\" according to the rhyme. Over the years, the fortunes associated with each day have changed. In some earlier versions, it was Friday's child that would be \"full of woe.\" The rhyme dates back to around the 16th century.", "Prov. A child born on Monday will be good-looking. (This comes from a rhyme that tells what children will be like, according to which day they are born: \"Monday's child is fair of face, / Tuesday's child is full of grace, / Wednesday's child is full of woe, / Thursday's child has far to go, / Friday's child is loving and giving, / Saturday's child works hard for a living, / But a child that is born on the Sabbath day / Is blithe and bonny, good and gay.\") Joan is so pretty, she must be a Monday's child. Monday's child is fair of face.", "A THE rhyme, which dates back to the 1880s, reads: Monday's child is fair of face, Tuesday's child is full of grace, Wednesday's child is full of woe, Thursday's child has far to go, Friday's child is loving and giving, Saturday's child works hard for a living and the child that is born on the Sabbath day is bonny and blithe and good and gay.", "The poem states that Monday's child is fair of face and Tuesday's child is full of grace. It further states that Wednesday's child is full of woe and Thursday's child has far to go. The poem then goes on to state that Friday's child is loving and giving and Saturday's child works hard for a living. The poem finally concludes that the child that is born on the Sabbath day is bonny and blithe, and good and gay.", "This is an absolutely true story. My mum would tell me at every opportunity that I was a wednesdays child, and full of woe...she would compound it by letting me know that no-one else in the family were Wednesdays child. She was very hurful and spiteful about it and I hated this rhyme as a child. When I looked into it today, it turned-out that nobody in the family was born on a Wednesday, nobody but her that is! Ironic!", "The line \"Wednesday's child is full of woe\" is a part of a nursery rhyme known as \"Monday's Child,\" sometimes attributed to Mother Goose; it predicts that children born on Wednesday are sad.", "A child born on Good Friday and baptized on Easter Sunday has a gift of healing. If a boy, he should go into the ministry.", "\"Monday's Child\" is one of many fortune-telling songs, popular as nursery rhymes for children. It is supposed to tell a child's character or future based on the day of birth and to help young children remember the seven days of the week. Of the seven days, all children those days represent have positive futures except for one – Wednesday. As with all nursery rhymes, there are many versions. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 19526.", "I was born on a Wednesday. According to a certain nursery rhyme, this makes me full of woe:", "In the 1887 version of Monday’s Child published in Harper’s Weekly, it is Friday, not Wednesday, associated with the child “full of woe.” This most likely reflects the Christian association with Friday as the day of the Crucifixion.", "The words and lyrics of this nursery rhyme poem were used to introduce a child to the order and the different days of week. The wording guaranteed to ensure that a child would take a keen interest in which day that they were born on! Sunday was traditionally referred to as the 'Sabbath day' in the religion of Christianity. This is the only reference to history for the origins of this nursery rhyme poem", " The cult of the most important saint, Mary , has been the source of great controversy with Protestant denominations, especially after the papal declarations of the Immaculate Conception in 1854 and the Assumption in 1950. As the mother of Jesus ( Greek Theotokos , “God-bearer”), Mary has long been accorded special devotion by Catholics and other Christians. She is given the feminine traits of sympathy and tenderness that are not improper to the deity but are somewhat improper to the father figure and the king figure. She is the object of one of Catholicism's most famous prayers, the Hail Mary:Hail Mary, full of grace,", "“Martin Luther’s name, family and birth: Her [Martin’s mother from an interview by Philip Melancthon] reply to questions which I have occasionally put to her, respecting the time of her son's birth, was, that she clearly remembered the day and the hour, but that she was doubtful as to the year; she said, however, that he was born on the 10th of November, after eleven o'clock at night; and that the name of Martin was given to the infant, because the following day on which, by baptism, he was initiated into the church of God, was dedicated to Saint Martin.” [8]", "On November 10, 1483, Hans and Margarethe Luther welcomed their firstborn son into the world. As was customary, the boy was named after the saint on whose feast day he was born, St. Martin.", "Some early Protestants venerated and honored Mary. Martin Luther wrote that: \"Mary is full of grace, proclaimed to be entirely without sin. God's grace fills her with everything good and makes her devoid of all evil.\" However, as of 1532 Luther stopped celebrating the feast of the Assumption of Mary and also discontinued his support of the Immaculate Conception. ", "This rhyme was first recorded in A. E. Bray's Traditions of Devonshire (Volume II, pp. 287–288) in 1838 and was collected by James Orchard Halliwell in the mid-nineteenth century. The tradition of fortune telling by days of birth is much older. Thomas Nashe recalled stories told to \"yong folks\" in Suffolk in the 1570s which included \"tell[ing] what luck eurie one should have by the day of the weeke he was borne on\". Nashe thus provides evidence for fortune telling rhymes of this type circulating in Suffolk in the 1570s. ", "Because it is an English nursery rhyme, the most commonly accepted historical interpretation is that the rhyme refers to Mary Tudor (Mary I of England) also known as Bloody Mary. Mary was the daughter of Henry the VIII and his first wife Catherine of Aragon. Her young life was full of upheaval and at one point, she was demoted from Princess to simply being ï¿½Lady Maryï¿½ when her father separated with the Roman Catholic Church, became head of the Church of England, and demoted Catherine from her role as Queen, which in turn made Mary illegitimate. However, she did ultimately become Queen.", "The Mary alluded to in this traditional English nursery rhyme is reputed to be Mary Tudor, or Bloody Mary, who was the daughter of King Henry VIII. Queen Mary was a staunch Catholic and the garden referred to is an allusion to graveyards which were increasing in size with those who dared to continue to adhere to the Protestant faith - Protestant martyrs.", "As had been prophesied in Mamre the previous year (), Sarah became pregnant and bore a son to Abraham, on the first anniversary of the covenant of circumcision. Abraham was \"an hundred years old\", when his son whom he named Isaac was born; and he circumcised him when he was eight days old. () For Sarah, the thought of giving birth and nursing a child, at such an old age, also brought her much laughter, as she declared, \"God hath made me to laugh, so that all that hear will laugh with me.\" () Isaac continued to grow and on the day he was weaned, Abraham held a great feast to honor the occasion. During the celebration, however, Sarah found Ishmael mocking; an observation that would begin to clarify the birthright of Isaac. ()", "Fourteen years after the birth of Ishmael, God blessed Abraham with another son, this time by his wife Sarah. He told them to name their son Isaac (meaning “laughter” for the incredulous reaction they had when told they would have a son at their advanced age as well as the joy that he would later bring to his parents, Genesis 17:17-19 Genesis 17:17-19 17 Then Abraham fell on his face, and laughed, and said in his heart, Shall a child be born to him that is an hundred years old? and shall Sarah, that is ninety years old, bear? 18 And Abraham said to God, O that Ishmael might live before you! 19 And God said, Sarah your wife shall bear you a son indeed; and you shall call his name Isaac: and I will establish my covenant with him for an everlasting covenant, and with his seed after him.", "In the sixth month of Elizabeth's pregnancy, Gabriel visited Mary and informed her, \"And behold, you will conceive in your womb and bring forth a son, and shall call His name Jesus\" (verse 31). Soon thereafter, Mary visited her cousin Elizabeth and stayed with her until the latter's ninth month, leaving just prior to John's birth. Jesus, then, was born approximately six months after John.", "In this holiday season, we celebrate the birthday of One Who, for almost 2,000 years, has been a greater influence on humankind than all the rulers, all the scholars, all the armies and all the navies that ever marched or sailed, all put together. He brought to the world the simple message of peace on Earth, good will to all mankind. Some celebrate the day as marking the birth of a great and good man, a wise teacher and prophet, and they do so sincerely. But for many of us itï¿½s also a holy day, the birthday of the Prince of Peace, a day when ï¿½God so loved the worldï¿½ that He sent us His only begotten Son to assure forgiveness of our sins. 18", "The person referred to as “Ladybird” in this nursery rhyme is Mary, the Mother of Jesus and a prominent figure in Catholicism. During the time this rhyme was written, Catholic believers all over England were heavily persecuted. Those who disobeyed the Act of Uniformity, which required all citizens to attend the services conducted by the Church of England, faced serious punishment such as being imprisoned or put to death.", "Although some believe this carol was penned by Martin Luther, German religious reformer and author of a number of beautiful hymns, it is almost certainly of late-19th century American origin. Verses 1 and 2 appeared anonymously in Little Childrenï¿½s Book for Schools and Families, by J. C. File, Philadelphia, 1885, and verse 3 is by John Thomas McFarland (1851-1913). The tune given here is that most used in England, the 'Cradle song' by American Gospel song writer W. J. Kirkpatrick (1838-21). Another popular tune for it in the U.S.A. is 'Mueller', probably written by James R. Murray, 1887.", "While Mother Goose seems like a kind, grandmotherly sort, the gander in this rhyme appears to be quite a bastard. This sixteenth century rhyme is a reminder to children to always say their prayers.", "When Elizabeth heard Mary's greeting, the baby leaped in her womb, and Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Spirit. In a loud voice she exclaimed: \"Blessed are you among women, and blessed is the child you will bear! But why am I so favored, that the mother of my Lord should come to me? As soon as the sound of your greeting reached my ears, the baby in my womb leaped for joy. Blessed is she who has believed that the Lord would fulfill his promises to her!\" ( NIV )", "In Christian tradition, the virgin Mary through immaculate conception by the Holy spirit (a dove) gave birth to Jesus – God incarnate.", "\"When Elizabeth heard Mary's greeting, the infant leaped in her womb, and Elizabeth, filled with the Holy Spirit, cried out in a loud voice and said, \"Most blessed are you among women, and blessed is the fruit of your womb. And how does this happen to me - that the mother of my Lord should come to me? For at the moment the sound of your greeting reached my ears, the infant in my womb leaped for joy. Blessed are you who believed that what was spoken to you by the Lord would be fulfilled.\"", "A child who is fair of face; - a reference to a nineteenth century poem. See below.", "[17:16] I will bless her, and moreover I will give you a son by her. I will bless her, and she shall give rise to nations; kings of peoples shall come from her.\"", "He was a bright, sunny child from birth, with blond curls and a sweet smile and fabulous, shining blue eyes. Everyone who met him loved him. The whole church and farming community watch with joy as he took his first steps, said his first words, became a mischievous toddler and then a bright and lovable schoolboy.", "The angel told her not to be afraid, for she had found favor with God. He said, “You will conceive in your womb and bear a son, and you shall call his name Jesus. He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High; and the Lord God will give to him the throne of his father David, and he will reign over the house of Jacob forever; and of his kingdom there will be no end.”" ]	[ 5.63671875, 4.9140625, 4.90234375, 3.841796875, -0.4287109375, -0.521484375, -0.951171875, -1.1708984375, -1.1767578125, -1.388671875, -1.6484375, -2.666015625, -2.755859375, -3.814453125, -4.19921875, -4.57421875, -5.40234375, -5.4921875, -5.640625, -5.8828125, -6.390625, -6.671875, -6.88671875, -7.08984375, -7.53515625, -7.9765625, -8.0546875, -8.6171875, -8.65625, -9.1171875, -9.34375, -9.8515625 ]
What were the stripes on the old-fashioned barber shop poles meant to represent?	[ "We were told that the barber's pole has its origins in the public announcement in front of barbers' doors to make know at a distance to the weary and wounded traveller where all might have recourse. While the white stripes symbolize the bandages, the red ones mean the color of the blood in bloodlettings and phlebotomies. But, this is a partial explanation. It explains the meaning of the symbol, but not where it came from. Why a pole? In 1658 was published a work titled \"Comenii Orbis Pictus\", by a Moravian bishop, Iohannes Amos Comenius, which is said to have been the first illustrated school-book printed. In one of these pages, we can see the picture of the interior of a barber's shop. A barber-surgeon is practicing a phlebotomy to a patient. The patient holds in his right hand a pole, which allows to keep his arm horizontal, having a bandage twisted round it. That was the reason of the barber's pole. Surely it was a common tool in barber shops, and it helped to easily identify the place for the traveller. What is clear, is that the origin of this symbol goes far back to distant times; maybe to the Ancient Rome.", "The barber's pole originated from the rod that the patient gripped to make their veins bulge, thus making them easier to slice open. A brass ball at the top symbolised the basin that collected the blood. The pole's red and white stripes represent the bloodied bandages, which would be washed and hung to dry on the rod outside the shop. The bandages would twist in the wind, forming the familiar spiral pattern we see on the barber poles of today.", "The original barber’s pole has a brass ball at its top, representing the vessel in which leeches were kept and/or the basin which received the patient’s blood. The pole itself represents the rod which the patient held tightly during the bloodletting procedure to show the barber where the veins were located. The red and white stripes represents the bloodied and clean bandages used during the procedure. Afterwards, these bandages were washed and hung to dry on the rod outside the shop. The wind would twist the bandages together, forming the familiar spiral pattern we see on the barber poles of today.", "Barber poles which still decorate the outsides of barber shops are a leftover tradition dating back to the days of barber bloodletting. The swirling red line on the pole represents the blood itself, the white represents the tourniquet, and the pole itself represents the stick the patient would squeeze in his/her hand in order to dilate the veins.", "The traditional barber pole seen often outside of barber shops is an easily identifiable pole with swirling spirals of red, white and blue stripes. For convenience the pole was painted and placed outside of the shop to attract customers. The earliest poles had a leech basin affixed to the top, but this was later replaced by a round ball which sits atop most barber poles today.", "A barber's pole is a type of sign used by barbers to signify the place or shop where they perform their craft. The trade sign is, by a tradition dating back to the Middle Ages, a staff or pole with a helix of colored stripes (often red and white in many countries, but usually red, white, and blue in the United States). The pole may be stationary or may revolve, often with the aid of an electric motor. ", "As bleeding became one of the main responsibilities of the barbers, they came to signify their presence in the marketplace with a red and white striped pole, the colors reminiscent of the blood and rags used in bloodletting. This pole was usually capped with a small basin, used to symbolize the vessel with which they would collect the blood. Later, barbers placed bowls of blood in their shop windows, to indicate that they performed bloodletting services.", "The red and white pole outside barber shops references a time when barbers were expected to perform bloodletting and other medical procedures to heal the sick; red represented blood and white represented bandages. \"Barber surgeons\" in Rome also performed teeth extraction, cupping, leeching, bloodletting, surgery and enemas. However, today's barber poles represent little more than being a barber shop that cuts hair and does shaves. Barber poles have actually become a topic of controversy in the hairstyling business. In some states, such as Michigan in March 2012, legislation has emerged proposing that barber poles should only be permitted outside barbershops, but not traditional beauty salons. Barbers and cosmetologists have engaged in several legal battles claiming the right to use the barber pole symbol to indicate to potential customers that the business offers haircutting services. Barbers claim that they are entitled to exclusive rights to use the barber pole because of the tradition tied to the craft, whereas cosmetologists argue that they are equally capable of cutting men's hair too (though many cosmetologists are not permitted to use razors, depending on their state's laws). ", "Today, red, white and blue barber poles are often found in the United States, although this may have more to do with the colours of the nation’s flag than anything else. Some interpretations posit that the red represents arterial blood, the blue represents venous blood and the white represents the bandages. Spinning barber poles are meant to move in a direction that makes the red (arterial blood) appear as if it were flowing downwards, as it does in the body.", "In 1540, a statute was passed that required barbers and surgeons to distinguish their services by the colours of their pole. From that point forward, barbers used blue and white poles, while surgeons used red and white poles. Today, red, white and blue barber poles are often found in the United States, although this may have more to do with the colours of the nation's flag than anything else. Some interpretations posit that the red represents arterial blood, the blue represents venous blood and the white represents the bandages. Spinning barber poles are meant to move in a direction that makes the red (arterial blood) appear as if it were flowing downwards, as it does in the body.", "A \"barber's pole\" with a helical stripe is a familiar sight, and is used as a secondary metaphor to describe objects in many other contexts. For example, if the shaft or tower of a lighthouse has been painted with a helical stripe as a daymark, the lighthouse could be described as having been painted in \"barber's pole\" colors.", "There are several interpretations for the colors of the barber pole. One is that red represented blood and white, the bandages. Another interpretation says red and blue respectively stood for arterial and venous blood, and white was for the bandages. A third view suggests that the spiral pattern represents a white bandage wrapped around a bloody arm. The bowls represented the basin of leeches as well as the blood-collection bowl.", "After the formation of the United Barber Surgeon’s Company in England, a statute required the barber to use a blue and white pole and the surgeon to use a red pole. In France, surgeons used a red pole with a basin attached to identify their offices. Blue often appears on poles in the United States, possibly as a homage to its national colors. Another, more fanciful interpretation of these barber pole colors is that red represents arterial blood, blue is symbolic of venous blood, and white depicts the bandage.", "Despite the ban, barber-surgeons still needed to advertise their services, and so devised another way to do so. The barber's pole quickly became recognised as the symbol of the barber-surgeon's proficiency as a bloodletter and, of course, is still used as a promotional tool today, albeit to advertise slightly different services.", "A spinning barber pole creates a visual illusion, in which the stripes appear to be traveling up or down the length of the pole, rather than around it. ", "This early barber pole was simply a wooden post topped by a brass leech basin. Later the basin was replaced by a ball and painted poles of red and white spirals took the place of the pole with the bloodstained bandages, and these poles became permanent outdoor fixtures.", "In fact, after the formation of the United Barber Surgeon’s Company in England, barbers were required to display blue and white poles, and surgeons, red ones. In America, however, many of the barber poles were painted red, white and blue.", "The barber himself was even more off-putting than his shop ï¿½ a sullen figure with heavy eyebrows, a long hard mouth, and an awkward stance. Every day a few people would gather outside the barber's shop, to witness Gog and Magog, being the names given to the two statues above the clock on the church who every hour would hit the large bell of St Dunstan's Church with their clubs. The figures were installed in 1671 and are carved in wood, each holding a club; they would swing from side to side, with two hits each quarter. The crowd themselves would not have known of the tunnels that were beneath the church. They were part of the priory of Whitefriars Monastery, that stood opposite in what is today's Bouverie Street. Our barber surgeon was most certainly aware of the tunnels; they may have been one of the reasons why he took the shop in the first place.", "When going to war, 16th-century Ukrainian Cossacks would shave their heads, leaving a long central strip. This haircut was known as a khokhol and was often braided or tied in a topknot . [4]", "According to Encyclopedia Britannica, \"There are seven principal kinds of totem pole: memorial, or heraldic, poles, erected when a house changes hands to commemorate the past owner and to identify the present one; grave markers, house posts, which support the roof; portal poles, which have a hole through which a person enters the house; welcoming poles, placed at the edge of a body of water to identify the owner of the waterfront; mortuary poles, in which the remains of the deceased are placed; and ridicule poles, on which an important individual who had failed in some way had his likeness carved upside down.\"", "COLUMN (or pillar): Signifies fortitude and constancy. A serpent coiled around a pillar would signify wisdom and fortitude.", "Some old head at the Barbershop said he use to see during his come up at the PepperMint Lounge in Orange Nj.", "{p.316} Seamen have called it the Golden Yard-arm; tradesmen, the L, or Ell, the Ell and Yard, the Yard-stick, and the Yard-wand, as occupying 3° between the outer stars,— the Elwand of Gavin Douglas; Catholics, Our Lady's Wand; and the husbandmen of France and along the Rhine, Rateau, the Rake. In Upper Germany it has been the Three Mowers; and it is often the Magi, the Three Kings, the Three Marys, or simply the Three Stars, that Tennyson had in his Princess,—", "This area lies between the eyebrows. If it is firm, bright, gently rounded, then it symbolizes a successful career after 27th year of age. It represents a friendly person with positive attitude towards life. If the space between eyebrows is wide and eyebrows are thick the person earn good money and his longevity is also good. If the eyebrows are closer and there is a hair line connecting the two eyebrows, it is a sign of negative mind who is obstinate and unforgiving. If this Life region is dull or any colors found there, it represents unhappiness in career and poor health.", "When Ol’ Blue Eyes returned with his first salon cape, the owner was absolutely stunned. He could not believe how big the barber cape was or how good it looked, saying that he had never seen a cape with a neck that large or with that many snaps. It was exactly what he had always wanted in his hair cutting capes and that first order immediately turned into a dozen more.", "As the United States forged forward with expanded railroads, petroleum, and electricity, those who clung to lives of simplicity and solitude were denigrated; by the tail end of the 19th century, the coonskin cap, as a symbol of frontier life, had begun to assume a negative connotation. Anyone who lived outside of a major city was referred to as a “coonskin cap fellow” (an insult similar to “redneck”); in an 1886 Senate committee hearing on interstate commerce, a railroad developer made clear his distaste for the community and its furry hats:", "It is in this atmosphere of Fédora frenzy that Knox the Hatter, the first known advertiser of the modern fedora hat, launched his new range of men’s hats. It’s very plausible that, in the autumn of 1883, groping for a marketable name with fashionable, vaguely French associations, he followed a well-worn recent precedent and plumped for “fedora”. It is notable also that he invokes a French designer, Garvarny. It is not clear whether Garvarny really existed, and if he did (perhaps Knox was thinking of the artist Paul Gavarni, real name Sulpice-Guillaume Chevalier, who died in 1866), whether he had the remotest involvement in designing a hat. Certainly Knox was a fairly canny and ruthless businessman, having previously (in 1868) successfully lobbied the New York authorities to tear down a (by many accounts very useful) pedestrian bridge across Broadway in Manhattan, because it partially obscured his storefront.", "As in France, there were both regional and class differences in the types of hats men selected. In the middle decades of the nineteenth century, top hats were required in cities and were sometimes worn by workers with their work clothes (Severa 1995: 106, 225). During this period, the \"wide-awake\" (a black hat with a broad, stiff brim) was very popular in the western states (106). By the 1870s, top hats made of silk were worn in cities by prosperous businessmen but were not worn in the countryside (Brew 1945: 291), where the soft felt hat was popular with railroad workers and farmers (Severa 1995: 210, 472). Straw hats were worn in the fields by farmers (Brew 1945: 507). Bowlers (derbies) were worn by businessmen, particularly when they visited the countryside, and by some workmen in the cities, although caps were more \"typical of the laborer\" (Brew 1945: 506).", "The Bowler is a hard, felt hat popularized in 19th century England as the hat of choice for the working class. It was the bowler, not the cowboy hat, that can first claim the title of “hat that won the West.” Most Americans that headed westward after the Civil War wore it. It was the “go-to” hat for men west of the Mississippi until at least the turn of the 20th century.", "During the 19th century, the Monongahela was heavily used by industry, and several U.S. Steel plants, including the Homestead Works, site of the Homestead Strike of 1892, were built along its banks. Following the killing of several workers in the course of the strike, anarchist Emma Goldman wrote: \"Words had lost their meaning in the face of the innocent blood spilled on the banks of the Monongahela.\"", "By the early 1900s, the middle class was using silk top hats in the cities mainly for formal occasions, such as weddings and church services. Straw boaters were being widely worn by both the middle and the working class in the summer months. Broad-brimmed felt hats remained popular among ranchers and farmers (Brew 1945: 311). Bowlers were being widely worn by both the middle and the working class (Brew 1945: 311, 506-7, 510), although peaked caps were generally worn in the workplace by workers.", "The straw 'boater' and the softer 'Panama' hats became popular during the 1880's, the circular boaters were worn by both men and women but the Panama was purely male attire. By the end of this decade the bright check pattern had largely fallen from favour in men's clothing." ]	[ 4.6796875, 4.52734375, 4.49609375, 3.5625, 2.984375, 2.794921875, 2.2890625, 1.7060546875, 1.5751953125, 1.0478515625, 0.701171875, 0.68359375, -0.19921875, -0.30908203125, -0.98291015625, -2.625, -2.744140625, -4.25390625, -5.4375, -5.8984375, -6.2265625, -6.30859375, -7.8046875, -8.0859375, -8.1953125, -8.2421875, -10.078125, -10.2734375, -10.40625, -10.4609375, -10.625, -10.8984375 ]
In what year did Bugs Bunny make his debut?	[ "Bugs Bunny made his debut on 27 July 1940, in an animated short film called 'A Wild Hare.", "Bugs is an anthropomorphic gray hare or rabbit who is famous for his flippant, insouciant personality, a pronounced New York accent, his portrayal as a trickster, and his catch phrase \"Eh... What's up, doc?\", usually said while chewing a carrot. Though Warner Bros. began experimenting with a rabbit character in cartoons during the late 1930s, the definitive character of Bugs Bunny is widely considered to have made his debut in director Tex Avery's Oscar-nominated film A Wild Hare (1940).[1]", "On July 27, 1940, Bugs Bunny made his first appearance. It was \"A Wild Hare\", a Warner Bros. Merrie Melodies animated short film, about Elmer Fudd hunting for rabbits. What he found was an insouciant hare. Everyone fell in love with Bugs after he uttered a flippant line (\"Eh … What's up, doc?\").", "Seventy-five years ago today, on July 27, 1940, Bugs Bunny, the suave, smart-alecky rabbit who became the most popular of Warner Brothers' cartoon characters, made his first official film appearance, in \"A Wild Hare.\"", "Seventy-two years ago today – on July 27th, 1940 – Bugs Bunny appeared in Tex Avery’s A Wild Hare. The Warner Bros. short is widely considered to be the first definitive Bugs Bunny cartoon, in which the character’s appearance, personality and voice gelled as a whole. It’s also the first time Bugs, voiced by the inimitable Mel Blanc, uttered his famous catchphrase, “What’s up, doc?”", "Bugs Bunny first appeared in the animated short movie Porky's Hare Hunt, which was released on April 30, 1938. The character, which later became an American cultural icon, as well as a corporate mascot of Warner Brothers, was developed by Bob Clampett, Friz Freleng, Chuck Jones and Robert McKimson. Furthermore, Bugs was originally voiced by \"The Man of a Thousand Voices\" - Mel Blanc.", "The world first heard Bugs Bunny’s utter “What’s up, Doc?” when the cartoon “A Wild Hare” was released by Warner Brothers on July 27, 1940. Bugs Bunny was developed in the late 1930s by a host of cartoonists at Warner Brothers. Animator Ben “Bugs” Hardaway drew the earliest sketch of the rabbit, which was called “Bugs’ Bunny” by other Warner Brothers staff members. An early form of Bugs appeared in Hardaway’s 1938 black-and-white feature “Porky’s Hare Hunt.”. The character “was short, merely drawn, white, and imitated a cross in between Daffy Duck and Woody Woodpecker,” describes Matthew Hunter of the site “Too Looney.”. Friz Freleng, Tex Avery and Chuck Jones developed the character, and renowned voice actor Mel Blanc provided Bugs his “familiar wisecracking, Brooklynese delivery”.", "A 1942 Bugs Bunny comic book includes a biography that says “Like many other Hollywood stars, Bugs started his movie career by playing a small part in a picture in 1938. This led to better parts, and in 1940 he became a full-fledged star!” The 1938 date backdates the character’s birth to PORKY’S HARE HUNT as early as 1942.", "On July 27, 1940, Bugs Bunny appeared opposite Elmer Fudd in “A Wild Hare,” the first of over 175 animated shorts starring the Warner Brothers’ cartoon rabbit.", "Bugs Bunny, one of the most iconic cartoon characters of all time, has been around for three quarters of a century. Warner Bros. began featuring smart-talking rabbits in its cartoons as early as the 1930s, but it wasn't until 1940 that the rogue we know and love began to take shape on the screen. Here are 11 facts about the impish rabbit, who debuted 75 years ago this week. ", "Bugs Bunny is an American fictional character who starred in the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of animated films produced by Leon Schlesinger Productions , which became Warner Bros. Cartoons in 1944. [1] In 2002, he was named by TV Guide as the greatest cartoon character of all time. [2] Bugs starred in 163 shorts in the Golden Age of American animation, and made cameos in three others along with a few appearances in non-animated films.", "Bugs' appearance in A Wild Hare , directed by Tex Avery and released on July 27, 1940, is considered the first appearance of both Elmer and Bugs in their fully developed forms. It was in this cartoon that he first emerged from his rabbit hole to ask Elmer Fudd, now a hunter rather than a photographer, \"What's up, Doc?\" Animation historian Joe Adamson counts A Wild Hare as the first \"official\" Bugs Bunny short. [9] It is also the first cartoon where Mel Blanc uses a recognizable version of the voice of Bugs that would eventually become the standard.", "His third appearance was in another 1939 cartoon, Hare-um Scare-um , directed by Dalton and Hardaway. This short, the first where he was depicted as a gray bunny instead of a white one, is also notable both for the rabbit's first singing role. Charlie Thorson , lead animator on the short, was the first to give the character a name. He had written \"Bugs' Bunny\" on the model sheet that he drew for Hardaway, implying that he considered the rabbit model sheet to be Hardaway's property. [4] [5] In promotional material for the short (such as a surviving 1939 presskit), the name on the model sheet was altered to become the rabbit's own name: \"Bugs\" Bunny (quotation marks only used at the very beginning), evidently named in honor of \"Bugs\" Hardaway. [6]", "In 1944, Bugs Bunny actually made a cameo appearance in Jasper Goes Hunting, a short produced by rival studio Paramount Pictures . In this cameo (animated by Robert McKimson, with Mel Blanc providing the voice), Bugs pops out of a rabbit hole, saying his usual catchphrase; Bugs then says, \"I must be in the wrong picture\" and then goes back in the hole. He also appeared fleetingly in the 1947 Arthur Davis cartoon The Goofy Gophers .", "A Wild Hare , directed by Tex Avery and released on July 27, 1940, is widely considered to be the first official Bugs Bunny cartoon. It is the first short where both Elmer Fudd and Bugs are shown in their fully developed forms as hunter and tormentor, respectively; the first in which Mel Blanc used what would become Bugs' standard voice; and the first in which Bugs says his catchphrase, \"What's Up, Doc?\" The short was a huge success in theaters and received an Academy Award nomination for Best Animated Short Film.", "By 1942, Bugs had become the number one star of the Merrie Melodies series, which had originally been intended only for one-shot characters in shorts after several early attempts to introduce characters failed under Harman-Ising, but had started introducing newer characters in 1937 under Schlesinger. Bugs' 1942 shorts included Friz Freleng's The Wabbit Who Came to Supper, and the Robert Clampett shorts The Wacky Wabbit and Bugs Bunny Gets the Boid (which introduced Beaky Buzzard).", "The world first heard Bugs Bunny’s utter “What’s up, Doc?” when the cartoon “A Wild Hare” was released by Warner Brothers on July 27, 1940.", "He would soon become the most prominent of the Looney Tunes characters as his calm, flippant insouciance endeared him to American audiences during and after World War II. Bugs would appear in five more shorts during 1941: Tortoise Beats Hare, directed by Tex Avery and featuring the first appearance of Cecil Turtle; Hiawatha's Rabbit Hunt, the first Bugs Bunny short to be directed by Friz Freleng;", "A Wild Hare , directed by Tex Avery and released on July 27th, 1940, is the first cartoon where both Elmer Fudd and Bugs are shown in their fully developed forms as hunter and tormentor, respectively. In this cartoon, Mel Blanc first uses what would become Bugs' standard voice; this cartoon also marks the first time that Bugs uses his catchphrase, \"What's up, Doc?\" Animation historian Joe Adamson counts A Wild Hare as the first \"official\" Bugs Bunny short. The short was a huge success in theaters and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film.", "According to Bugs Bunny: 50 Years and Only One Grey Hare, he was \"born\" in 1940 in Brooklyn, New York , created by Tex Avery (who directed A Wild Hare , Bugs Bunny's debut) and Robert McKimson (who created the definitive Bugs Bunny character design), among many others. According to Mel Blanc , the character's original voice actor , Bugs Bunny has a Flatbush accent, an equal blend of the Bronx and Brooklyn dialects (of the New York Accent ). His catchphrase is a casual \"Eh...what's up, doc?\", usually said while chewing a carrot . His other popular phrases include \"Of course you realize, this means war\" and \"Ain't I a stinker?\".", "By 1942, Bugs had become the #1 star of Merrie Melodies. The series had originally been intended only for one-shot characters in shorts after several early attempts to introduce characters ( Foxy , Goopy Geer , and Piggy ) failed under Harman–Ising (by 1937, under Leon Schlesinger , it had started introducing newer characters). Bugs Bunny Gets the Boid featured a slight redesign of Bugs, with less-prominent front teeth and a rounder head. The character was reworked by Robert McKimson , then an animator in Bob Clampett's unit. The redesign at first was only used in the shorts created by Bob's unit, but in time it would be taken up by the other directors, with Friz Freleng and Frank Tashlin the first. When Robert was himself promoted to director, he created yet another version, with more slanted eyes, longer teeth, and a much larger mouth. He used this version until 1949 (as did Arthur Davis for the one Bugs Bunny cartoon he directed) when he started using the version he had designed for Bob. Chuck Jones would come up with his own slight modification, and the voice had slight variations between the units. Bugs also made cameos in Tex Avery's final WB short, Crazy Cruise .", "Later, following the animation studio's addition of directors Tex Avery and Chuck Jones among others, as well as the voice actor Mel Blanc, Looney Tunes rose to greater fame for introducing such cartoon stars as Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Porky Pig, Elmer Fudd, Tweety Bird, Sylvester the Cat, Yosemite Sam, Foghorn Leghorn, Marvin the Martian, Pepé Le Pew, Speedy Gonzales, Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner, the Tasmanian Devil and many others. These characters themselves are commonly referred to as the \"Looney Tunes\". From 1942 to 1964, Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies were the most popular animated shorts in movie theaters, exceeding the works of Disney and other popular competitors including Fleischer Studios, Walter Lantz Productions, UPA, Terrytoons and MGM. ", "In the 1939 cartoon Dangerous Dan McFoo , a new voice actor, Arthur Q. Bryan , was hired to provide the voice of the hero dog-character and it was in this cartoon that the popular \"milk-sop\" voice of Elmer Fudd was created. Elmer Fudd has since been the chief antagonistic force in the majority of the Bugs Bunny cartoons, initiating one of the most famous rivalries in the history of American cinema.", "At Warners after Avery's departure in 1942, Chuck Jones furthered the character development of Bugs Bunny and Porky Pig. He was also responsible for Elmer Fudd, who first appeared in Elmer's Candid Camera (1940) (although the name \"Elmer Fudd\" had first been applied in WB cartoons to the Egghead character in A Feud There Was (1938)). Jones provided the famous Hunter's Trilogy of cartoons about 'wabbit-season'/'duck-season' in the early 50s, with Bugs Bunny, hunter Elmer Fudd, and the hapless Daffy Duck:", "An unnamed rabbit bearing some of the personality, if not physical characteristics of Bugs, first appeared in the cartoon short Porky's Hare Hunt, released on April 30, 1938. Co-directed by Ben Hardaway and an uncredited Cal Dalton (who was responsible for the initial design of the rabbit), this short had a theme almost identical to that of the 1937 cartoon, Porky's Duck Hunt (directed by Tex Avery), which had introduced Daffy Duck. Porky Pig was again cast as a hunter tracking another silly prey who seemed less interested in escape than in driving his pursuer insane; this short replaced the black duck with a small white rabbit.", "The world’s favorite rabbit turns 75 this month: July 27, 1940, saw the debut of the cotton-tailed character’s first cartoon short “Wild Hare,” directed by Tex Avery.", "On this day in 1940 Warner Bros. cartoons introduced its most famous second banana. The fully-realized Elmer Fudd, no longer resembling Egghead, used mostly over the years as a supporting character to Bugs or (occasionally) Daffy, was first seen in Elmer's Candid Camera, released 70 years ago today.", "• Tex Avery directs \"A WILD HARE\" for Warner Bros. where he defines the character of Bugs Bunny. There were three previous Bugs, but this was the film where the real Bugs was born. This was the start of Warners' supremacy in animated humor.", "Tex Avery directs “A WILD HARE” for Warner Bros. where he defines the character of Bugs Bunny. There were three previous Bugs, but this was the film where the real Bugs were born. This was the start of Warners’ supremacy in animated humor.", "In 1938, Warner Brothers wanted to make a cartoon as quickly as possible. The previous year, they had released Porky’s Duck Hunt, which introduced Daffy Duck. Faced with the deadline, Bob Clampett decided to reuse some of the jokes that he had left over from Duck Hunt. And someone suggested that they “dress the duck in a rabbit suit.” The result was Porky’s Hare Hunt.", "film which features Bugs Bunny and other Looney Tunes cartoon characters. It was released by Warner Brothers", "The Heckling Hare was the first to have Bugs on the WB shield. He pulled down the MERRIE MELODIES logo." ]	[ 7.66015625, 6.6875, 6.203125, 5.51953125, 4.73828125, 4.40625, 4.29296875, 4.00390625, 3.560546875, 3.38671875, 3.267578125, 3.234375, 2.4765625, 2.30078125, 2.064453125, 1.26171875, 1.1572265625, 0.8037109375, 0.6357421875, -0.06231689453125, -0.0872802734375, -0.3046875, -0.60009765625, -0.7177734375, -0.86669921875, -1.3427734375, -2.130859375, -4.94921875, -5.22265625, -5.703125, -6.203125, -6.3671875 ]
The 1991 novel Scarlett by Alexandra Ripley was a sequel to which other novel?	[ "Scarlett is a novel written in 1991 by Alexandra Ripley as a sequel to Margaret Mitchell 's Gone with the Wind . It was adapted as a television mini-series of the same title in 1994 starring Timothy Dalton as Rhett Butler and Joanne Whalley-Kilmer as Scarlett O'Hara .", "Alexandra Ripley, née Braid (January 8, 1934 – January 10, 2004) was an American writer best known as the author of Scarlett (1991), written as a sequel to Gone with the Wind. Her first novel was Who's the Lady in the President's Bed? (1972). Charleston (1981), her first historical novel, was a bestseller, as were her next books On Leaving Charleston (1984), The Time Returns (1985), and New Orleans Legacy (1987).", "Alexandra Ripley, née Braid was an American writer best known as the author of Scarlett (1991), the sequel to Gone with the Wind. Her first novel was Who's the Lady in the President's Bed? (1972). Charleston (1981), her first historical novel, was a bestseller, as were her next books On Leaving Charleston (1984), The Time Returns (1985), and New Orleans Legacy (1987). Scarlett received some damning reviews, but was very successful nonetheless. She attended the elite Ashley Hall, in Charleston, South Carolina, and Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, New York.", "Scarlett O'Hara (full name Katie Scarlett O'Hara Hamilton Kennedy Butler) is the protagonist in Margaret Mitchell's 1936 novel Gone with the Wind and in the later film of the same name. She also is the main character in the 1970 musical Scarlett and the 1991 book Scarlett, a sequel to Gone with the Wind that was written by Alexandra Ripley and adapted for a television mini-series in 1994. During early drafts of the original novel, Mitchell referred to her heroine as \"Pansy\", and did not decide on the name \"Scarlett\" until just before the novel went to print", "Item Description: Warner Books, New York, New York, 1992. Hardcover. Book Condition: As New. Slipcase Illustration by Leo McRee (illustrator). 1st Edition. A beautiful, specially bound and boxed first anniversary edition of Scarlett, The sequel to Margaret Mitchell's Gone With The Wind by Alexandra Ripley. This edition is limited to 5,000 copies signed by the author which this one is number 2,027. First deluxe printing: September 1992. This edition designed by Giorgetta Bell McRee. Beautiful vibrant boards decorated with viibrant flowers and red cloth in pristine condition, no bumped corners, no spotting very clean, gilt lettering on spine. End papers are in a light pink with no markings or personalizations. This volume appears new and unread, the attached red ribbon place marker is intact and in original placement. Text is crisp and clean. The slipcase is designed by Leo McRee with same decorative pink flowers as on boards, no markings or spotting, one slight wrinkle on bottom left corner. Signed by Author(s). Bookseller Inventory # 000326", "Scarlett The Sequel to Margaret Mitchell's 'Gone With the Wind' By Alexandra Ripley 823 pages. Warner Books. $24.95.", "In the sequels − both in official sequels (Scarlett, written by Alexandra Ripley, and Rhett Butler's People, written by Donald McCaig) and in the unofficial Winds of Tara by Kate Pinotti − Scarlett finally succeeds in getting Rhett back.", "The timeless tale continues...The most popular and beloved American historical novel ever written, Margaret Mitchell's Gone With the Wind isunparalleled in its portrayal of men and women at oncelarger than life but as real as ourselves.Now bestsellingwriter Alexandra Ripley brings us back to Tara andreintroduces us to the characters we remember so well:Rhett, Ashley, Mammy, Suellen, Aunt Pittypat, and, ofcourse, Scarlett.As the classic story, first told over half a century ago, moves forward, the greatest love affair in all fiction isreignited; amidst heartbreak and joy, the endless,consuming passion between Scarlett O'Hara and RhettButler reaches its startling culmination. Rich withsurprises at every turn and new emotional, breathtakingadventures, Scarlett satisfies our longing to reenter theworld of Gone With the Wind, and like its predecessor, Scarlett will find an eternal place in our hearts.", "Rumors of Hollywood producing a sequel to this film persisted for decades until 1994, when a sequel was finally produced for television, based upon Alexandra Ripley's novel, Scarlett, itself a sequel to Mitchell's original. Both the book and mini-series were met with mixed reviews. In the TV version, British actors played both key roles: Welsh -born actor Timothy Dalton played Rhett while Manchester -born Joanne Whalley played Scarlett.", "The success of Alien spawned a media franchise of novels, comic books, video games, and toys. It also launched Weaver's acting career by providing her with her first lead role, and the story of her character Ripley's encounters with the Alien creatures became the thematic thread that ran through the sequels Aliens (1986), Alien 3 (1992) and Alien: Resurrection (1997). A prequel series, which includes Prometheus (2012) and Alien: Covenant (2017), continues in development. ", "Ripley's life and career has been extensively expanded on in various spin-off comics and novels, many of which were written before her death on Fiorina 161, instead providing a chronology continuing on from the end of Aliens. In the Dark Horse novel series, Ripley appears at the end of Book 3, \"The Female War\"; but subsequent books, in order to bring the book continuity in line with the film continuity, reveal that she is actually an android created in Ripley's likeness and given false memories. All novels were rebooted in 2012, meaning the only canonical books featuring Ripley are Out of the Shadows (by Tim Lebbon), Sea of Sorrows (by James A. Moore) & River of Pain. In Out of the Shadows, Ripley is woken from here stasis 37 years after the events of Alien, fights Xenomorphs alongside several miners, and is put in stasis again the end of the book. Ripley is mentioned repeatedly in Sea of Sorrows, which stars her descendant, and appears in River of Pain, which take place before and during the events of Alien.", "The success of Alien spawned a media franchise of novels, comic books, video games, and toys, as well as three sequel and two prequel films. It also launched Weaver's acting career by providing her with her first lead role, and the story of her character Ripley's encounters with the Alien creatures became the thematic thread that ran through the sequels Aliens (1986), Alien 3 (1992), and Alien Resurrection (1997). The subsequent prequels Alien vs. Predator (2004) and Aliens vs. Predator: Requiem (2007) abandoned this theme in favor of a crossover with the Predator franchise.", "The success of Alien spawned a media franchise of novels, comic books, video games, and toys, as well as three sequel and two prequel films. It also launched Weaver's acting career by providing her with her first lead role, and the story of her character Ripley's encounters with the titular Alien creatures became the thematic thread that ran through the sequels Aliens (1986), Alien 3 (1992), and Alien Resurrection (1997). The subsequent prequels Alien vs. Predator (2004) and Aliens vs. Predator: Requiem (2007) abandoned this theme in favor of a crossover with the Predator franchise.", "The idea of a sequel to this film was scrapped, but in the 1990s there was a sequel in the form of a television miniseries. The series was Scarlett (1994), based on the sequel novel of the same name. 'Joanne Whalley' (qv was cast as Scarlett and 'Timothy Dalton' was cast as Rhett. See more »", "The book begins where Gone with the Wind left off, with Scarlett attending the funeral of her former sister-in-law and rival for Ashley Wilkes' affection, Melanie Wilkes, at which her estranged ... Read full review", "In 1986 he published the unconventional novel Roger's Version , the second volume of the Scarlet Letter trilogy, about an attempt to prove God's existence using a computer program . Author and critic Martin Amis called it a \"near-masterpiece.\" [22] The novel S. (1989), uncharacteristically featuring a female protagonist, concluded Updike's reworking of Hawthorne's Scarlet Letter. [10]", "In the 1994 TV mini-series based on the sequel Scarlett, the character was played by English actress Joanne Whalley.", "James Cameron In this action-packed sequel to Alien, Sigourney Weaver returns as Ripley, the only survivor from mankind's first encounter with the monstrous Alien. Her account of the Alien and the fate of her crew are received with skepticism - until the mysterious disappearance of colonists on LV-426 leads her to join a team of high-tech colonial marines sent in to investigate.", "This is truly a coming of age tale. While Scarlett has been a grown woman for some time, she never fully embraced the “woman” and always held on to the part of the “girl”. In “Scarlett”, we get to see her come into her own and finally grow up.", "Alien: Resurrection [1] 200 years after her death, Ellen Ripley is revived as a powerful human/Alien hybrid clone who must continue her war against the Aliens.", "* 1818 in literature – Frankenstein – Mary Shelley; Julian and Maddalo – Percy Bysshe Shelley; Ozymandias – Percy Bysshe Shelley; The Revolt of Islam – Percy Bysshe Shelley", "vanessa, it seems you've gotten your answer! Yes, I agree with everything my fellow readers have said. GWTW was a great epic, great war story, love story and particularly good historical fiction (one of my favorite genres). It was a huge story. The sequel was too narrow, went too far afield from the U.S. and post-war South and lost the infrastructure that a good historical novel has. The happenings in this country were so fascinated in that crucial time that I was disappointed when Scarlett hops off to Ireland. Yeah, I know her Daddy was from Ireland, and her last name is O'Hara, but it just wasn't something that Margaret Mitchell would have done.", "Reissued with a new introduction by Helen Dunmore. Spending the holiday with friends, as she has for many years, Camilla finds that their private absorptions, Frances with her painting and Liz with her baby, seem to exclude her from the gossipy intimacies of previous summers. Anxious that she will remain encased in her solitary life as a school secretary, Camilla steps into an unlikesly liaison with Richard Elton, a handsome, assured, and dangerous liar. Elizabeth Taylor (1912-1975) was born and educated in Reading. After leaving school she worked as a governess and later in a library. She lived much of her married life in the village of Penn in Buckinghamshire.", "This sequel takes place nineteen years after the events of the final book in the original series. It is unknown weather this will be a stand alone novel or the start of a new series.", "Lisa Simpson : [Chases lady in dinosaur costume into dressing room] You're T.R Frances, you wrote the Angelica Button books. They're my favorite fantasy novel.", "The Talented Mr. Ripley is a 1999 thriller film directed by Anthony Minghella and based on the 1955 novel written by Patricia Highsmith. The Talented Mr. Ripley follows the life of a struggling young man named Tom Ripley who is barely making a living in New York City. When a rich shipbuilder named Herbert Greenleaf mistakes Ripley for a schoolfriend of his son's from Princeton and offers him a thousand dollars to travel to Italy and persuade his son to come home, Ripley jumps at the opportunity to make money by using his talents of impersonation, lying, and forgery. Ripley accepts Mr. Greenleaf's offer despite having never attended Princeton or met Dickie.", "In a 2012 novel by A.C. Gaughen, Scarlet (2012 novel) is a young former daughter of a noble, dressing in drag. She is a knife thrower, and has a pronounced scar beneath one eye.", "Zadie Smith (born on October 25, 1975) is a British novelist. To date, she has written three novels. She was born Sadie Smith in the northwest London borough of Brent to a Jamaican mother, Yvonne Bailey, and a British father, Harvey Smith. Her mother had grown up in Jamaica and emigrated to Britain in 1969.", "The Talented Mr. Ripley is a 1999 film directed by Anthony Minghella , and starring Matt Damon , Gwyneth Paltrow , and Jude Law . It is based on the 1955 novel of the same title by Patricia Highsmith .", "Also in 1993, Theresa Tomlinson published The Forestwife, the first book in the Forestwife Trilogy ; an excellent ( and well researched ) set of young adult novels focussing on Marian as the central character. The later books are Child of May (1998) and Path of the She Wolf (2000). The first book focuses on Marian and expands her role from The Chick to The Medic .", "MISS MITCHELL: I am glad to tell you, Medora. My novel is the story of a girl named Scarlett O’Hara, who lived in Atlanta during the Civil War and the days of Reconstruction. The book isn’t strictly a book about the war, nor is it a historical novel. It’s about the effect of the Civil War on a set of characters who lived in Atlanta at that time.", "Clare Savage, a protagonist of Michelle Cliff's novel, No Telephone to Heaven, is frequently seen to be a modernized Miranda. " ]	[ 9.890625, 9.5546875, 8.8984375, 7.63671875, 5.12890625, 3.974609375, 2.427734375, 1.5703125, 0.75, -1.1689453125, -1.2197265625, -1.3935546875, -1.5439453125, -1.7099609375, -2.82421875, -3.85546875, -4.53125, -4.55859375, -5.47265625, -5.75390625, -6.05078125, -6.171875, -6.1875, -6.65625, -7.46484375, -7.69921875, -7.8828125, -8.1171875, -8.25, -8.3515625, -8.3515625, -8.515625 ]
Which famous book by Herman Melville opens with the line Call Me Ishmael?	[ "On this day in 1851, Moby-Dick, a novel by Herman Melville about the voyage of the whaling ship Pequod, is published by Harper & Brothers in New York. Moby-Dick is now considered a great classic of American literature and contains one of the most famous opening lines in fiction: “Call me Ishmael.” Initially, though, the book about Captain Ahab and his quest for a giant white whale was a flop.", "Moby-Dick was published on this day in 1851. The novel opens with “Call me Ishmael,” perhaps the most famous opening line in all literature. It’s author, Herman Melville, himself worked as a whaler and Moby-Dick is likely based on two actual events at sea. One is the sinking of the Nantucket ship, Essex, in 1820 off the coast of South America after being rammed by a sperm whale. The second was the killing of an albino sperm whale named Mocha Dick in Chilean waters.", "Moby Dick: Or, The Whale is Melville’s masterpiece, the book in which he most thoroughly used his experiences in the South Seas to examine the human condition and the metaphysical questions that were at the center of the author’s troubled worldview. From the novel’s famous opening line, “Call me Ishmael,” the reader is addressed directly by the book’s youthful but embittered narrator. Unlike many of Melville’s youthful narrators, Ishmael is not presented as a young innocent, although he does face an initiation into the ways of the world. Instead, he is depicted as a young man with a past, who takes to the sea to avoid taking some more drastic action in response to the difficulties he has faced.", "Call me Ishmael. This resonant opening of Moby-Dick, the greatest novel in American literature, announces the narrator, Herman Melville, as he with a measure of slyness thought of himself. In the Scriptures Ishmael, a wild man sired by the overwhelming patriarch Abraham, was nevertheless the bastard son of a serving girl Hagar. The author himself was the offspring of two distinguished American families, the Melvilles of Boston and the Gansevoorts of Albany.", "219 \"Call me Ishmael\" is the opening line of what famous example of 19th century American Romantic literature? A.The Legend of Sleepy Hollow by Washington Irving B.Moby-Dick by Herman Melville\\ C.Last of the Mohicans by James Fenimore Cooper D.The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe E.The dying need but little, dear by Emily Dickinson", "Off the top of my head, from Herman Melville 's Moby Dick : \"Call me Ishmael.\"", "“Call me Ishmael.” This invocation to the reader of Moby-Dick is, perhaps, the mostfamous line in American literature, and part of its notoriety, no doubt, lies in its being afamous first line. Even those who have never read Moby-Dick nevertheless know that itbegins with the words “Call me Ishmael.” Of course, those readers who have read thenovel also know that the three-word sentence appears as the opening line of “Loomings,”Chapter One of Moby-Dick, but not necessarily as the beginning of the novel. Preceding“Loomings” are two unnumbered chapters, “Etymology” and “Extracts,” chapters thatare rarely discussed in scholarly or critical treatments of the novel. When they arediscussed, it is usually en passant, a brief mention before getting to the meat of theinterpretation, which more often than not revolves around the figure of Ishmael, thenarrator and the observer. By reading “Call me Ishmael” as the beginning of Moby-Dick,a long line of literary critics has established that Ishmael must be the central figure of thenovel. Of course, Ahab will become the tragic hero of Moby-Dick, but Ishmael will be", "Ishmael is a fictional character in Herman Melville's Moby-Dick (1851). Ishmael, the only surviving crewmember of the Pequod, is the narrator of the book. As a character he is a few years younger than as a narrator. His importance relies on his role as narrator; as a character, he is only a minor participant in the action. The Biblical name has come to symbolize orphans, exiles, and social outcasts.", "John, the novel's narrator, opens by echoing Moby-Dick with the line, \"Call me Jonah,\" an allusion that connects him with the biblical story of rebellion and suffering as well as with Melville's Ishmael, a prophet tempered by affliction. Like Melville's narrator, John's function is to observe, and he remains after the apocalypse to tell the tale.", " When the novel was first published, reviewers and readers alike were, at best, puzzled by its density and, at worst, offended by its religious and sexual allusions. It was the so-called \"Melville Revival\" of the early twentieth century that placed Moby-Dick on every critic’s short list of great American novels (or great novels from any culture, for that matter). Even those who’ve never read a word of Moby-Dick often recognize the book’s famous first line, \"Call me Ishmael,\" or the plot device of an insane quest for vengeance on an aspect of the natural world.", "The 135-chapter story begins with the very famous line, 'Call me Ishmael'. Ishmael, our first-person narrator, is a former schoolteacher who decides that hunting for whales might make him feel a bit better about life. On his way to Nantucket to find a ship, he meets a rather shady-looking guy named Queequeg. Queequeg, whose tattoo-covered body is a bit off-putting, has just returned from a whaling trip and is, too, looking for another adventure.", "Other post-war studies, however, continued the broad imaginative and interpretive style. Charles Olson's Call Me Ishmael (1947) presented Ahab as a Shakespearean character, and Newton Arvin's critical biography, Herman Melville (1950) won the National Book Award for non-fiction in 1951. ", "Moby Dick, or, The Whale is a novel written in 1851 by author Herman Melville. The story tells about the adventures of a sailor called Ishmael and his voyage on the whale-ship Pequod, commanded by Captain Ahab. Ahab seeks to kill one specific whale, Moby Dick, a white sperm whale of tremendous size and ferocity, as revenge for biting off his leg.", "In October 1851, The Whale, printed later as Moby Dick, was published in London. The allegorical undertones that Melville cultivated throughout the novel picked up on the link between whaling and a mid-19th century emerging American identity. The story centers around the narrator Ishmael, a sailor on the whaleship Pequod. The ship captain, Ahab, has lost his leg to Moby Dick on a previous expedition, and he is motivated to the point of derangement by revenge for the whale's life. Powered by this plot, Melville's Moby Dick spun the parable of the hunt for the great white whale as an emblem of the human condition and the reckless expansion of the American republic.", "Brodhead RH (ed.), New Essays on Moby Dick, (Cambridge, 1986): McIntosh J, 'The Mariner's Multiple Quest', pp. 23-52; Buell L, 'Moby Dick as Sacred Text, pp. 53-72; Porter C, 'Call Me Ishmael, or How to Make Double-Talk Speak', pp. 73-108.", "Call me Ishmael. These three famous words begin one of America’s most epic novels, a tale of one obsessed captain, his doomed crew, and an elusive white whale named Moby-Dick. The massive original, however, can be very hard for young readers to navigate. This beautifully abridged and adventure-filled version will thrill children and whet their appetite for the complete work—when they are ready to tackle it.", "Moby-Dick; or, The Whale is a novel by Herman Melville, first published in 1851.It is considered to be one of the Great American Novels and a treasure of world literature. The story tells the adventures of wandering sailor Ishmael, and his voyage on the whaleship Pequod, commanded by Captain Ahab.", "Herman Melville was the author of “Moby Dick,” a classic novel about a ships Captain and the whaling ship Pequod that went in pursuit of a great white Whale. Melville himself actually set sail on a whaling ship, the Acushnet, which sailed out of New Bedford harbor Massachusetts in the month of January 1841 bound for the Pacific Ocean and the Sperm Whale fishery. During his 18 month long voyage he heard many tales of Whale hunts and those of a malicious Great White Whale that cruised the waters of the South Pacific. Melville heard the true stories about the whaling ship, the Essex that had sailed out of Nantucket in 1819 and was rammed and sank by a furious Sperm Whale on Nov. 20th 1819. Of the 20 crew members that survived the attack and struggled to exist in 3 open life boats, only 8 survived. Most of the novel “Moby Dick” can be considered factual based on Melville’s own experience aboard a whaling ship along with the stories he heard, written accounts of the sinking of the Essex, as well as first hand accounts of the tragedy from the surviving first mate of the Essex. ", "Herman Melville (1819–1891) was born in New York City. After a brief stint as a schoolteacher, he went to sea as a common sailor aboard a merchant ship for Liverpool, and in 1841 sailed on his first whaling vessel, the Acsuhnet, bound for the Pacific Ocean. It is likely that his experiences and knowledge of whaling gained on this trip, and others, informed his writing of Moby-Dick later in life. He jumped ship at the Marquesas Islands and lived briefly among the Typee natives before heading to Tahiti on another whaling vessel. His novel, Typee, drawing on his time in Polynesia, was a success, and he followed it up with Omoo, also based on his sea adventures. During his time writing Moby-Dick in 1850 and 1851 in Massachusetts, he met and befriended the writer Nathaniel Hawthorne, to whom he dedicated the novel. Moby-Dick was first published in England in 1851 as three volumes named The Whale and then as a single-volume Moby-Dick in the United States. He continued to write fiction and poetry, but his popularity as a writer declined rapidly, and he was largely unknown by his death in 1891. From the 'Melville Revival' of the 1910s and 1920s onwards, his reputation grew posthumously, and he is now seen as one of the key figures of nineteenth-century American literature.", "The basics are familiar to all: Narrated by a New York-based sailor named Ishmael, the book tells the story of Captain Ahab, a crusty, vengeful old salt with a jawbone for a peg-leg, an “ungodly, godlike man” intent on harpooning a great white whale named Moby Dick. Although Ishmael arrives in New Bedford, Mass. — which hosts its own 25-hour marathon every January at the New Bedford Whaling Museum — the book begins in Manhattan, where Melville was born, periodically lived, and died. There Ishmael finds himself growing “grim about the mouth,” stuck in the “damp, drizzly November” of his soul. Looking for a little psychic solace he stuffs a shirt or two into his old carpetbag and books it to New Bedford, intent on seeing a bit of “the watery part of the world.”", "Moby Dick begins with Ishmael's arrival in New Bedford as he travels toward Nantucket. He rests at the Spouter Inn in New Bedford, where he meets Queequeg , a harpooner from New Zealand who will also sail on the Pequod. Although Queequeg appears dangerous, he and Ishmael must share a bed together and the narrator quickly grows fond of the somewhat uncivilized harpooner. Queequeg is actually the son of a High Chief who left New Zealand because of his desire to learn among Christians. The next day, Ishmael attends a church service and listens to a sermon by Father Mapple , a renowned preacher who delivers a sermon considering Jonah and the whale that concludes that the tale is a lesson to preacher Truth in the face of Falsehood.", "Moby-Dick; or, The Whale (1851) is a novel by Herman Melville , in which the sole survivor of a lost whaling ship relates the tale of his captain's self-destructive obsession to hunt the white whale , Moby-Dick.", "James, C. L. R. Mariners, Renegades and Castaways: The Story of Herman Melville and the World We Live in. Intro. Donald E. Pease. Hanover: UP of New England, 2001.", "Moby-Dick (1851) is a whaling novel by Herman Melville. While some characters only appear in the shore-chapters at the beginning of the book, and others are captains and crewmembers of other ships, the majority of the characters are crewmembers of the Pequod. The following is a list of the characters.", "Ishmael, the only surviving crewmember of the Pequod, is the narrator of the book. As a character he is a few years younger than as a narrator. His importance relies on his role as narrator; as a character, he is only a minor participant in the action. The name has come to symbolize orphans, exiles, and social outcasts ", "Ishmael is a schoolmaster who often feels that he must leave his quiet existence and go to sea. Much of his life has been spent as a sailor, and his voyages are a means of ridding himself of the restlessness that frequently seizes him. One day, he decides that he will sign on a whaling ship, and packing his carpetbag, he leaves Manhattan and sets out, bound for Cape Horn and the Pacific.", "American author Herman Melville's early adventures at sea pervade his literary canon, and haunt his late masterpiece Billy Budd", "The narrator explicitly states that he has experienced but not yet fully understood his adventures: \"'It was the whiteness of the whale that above all things appalled me. But how can I hope to explain myself here; and yet, in some dim, random way, explain myself I must, else all these chapters might be naught.'\" Narrator-Ishmael demonstrates \"an insatiable curiosity\" and an \"inexhaustible sense of wonder.\" This Ishmael must not be equated with Melville himself, and Bezanson suggests \"we resist any one-to-one equation of Melville and Ishmael.\" As the phrase \"Ishmael's richly allusive text\" indicates, Bezanson even attributes characteristic Melvillean features to the narrator, who in the Epilogue, likens himself to \"another Ixion\".", "Moby-Dick, as the early reviewers felt, it is Ishmael’s. Such a reading accounts for the so-called", "Ishmael encounteres the ship after he arrives in Nantucket and learns of three ships that are about to leave on three-year cruises. Tasked by his new friend, the Polynesian harpooner Queequeg (or more precisely, Queequeg's idol-god, Yojo), to make the selection for them both, Ishmael, a self-described \"green hand at whaling\", goes to the Straight Wharf and chooses the Pequod.", "Ishmael travels in December from Manhattan Island to New Bedford with plans to sign up for a whaling voyage. The inn where he arrives is so crowded, he must share a bed with the tattooed Polynesian Queequeg, a harpooneer whose father was king of the (fictional) island of Rokovoko. The next morning, Ishmael and Queequeg attend Father Mapple's sermon on Jonah, then head for Nantucket. Ishmael signs up with the Quaker ship-owners Bildad and Peleg for a voyage on their whaler Pequod. Peleg describes Captain Ahab: \"He's a grand, ungodly, god-like man\" who nevertheless \"has his humanities\". They hire Queequeg the following morning. A man named Elijah prophesies a dire fate should Ishmael and Queequeg join Ahab. While provisions are loaded, shadowy figures board the ship. On a cold Christmas Day, the Pequod leaves the harbor.", "On December 30, 1840, at the age of 21 years, Herman Melville signed the shipping articles for a whaling voyage to the Pacific Ocean aboard the ship Acushnet of Fairhaven, MA, Valentine Pease, master. The vessel set sail down the Acushnet River estuary on January 3, 1841, past the great wharves of New Bedford, the then whaling capitol of the world, and out into the North Atlantic. This author of genius was being carried off on the voyage that would inspire one of the greatest works of literature in the American language." ]	[ 8.2421875, 8.1015625, 7.71875, 6.74609375, 5.61328125, 5.296875, 4.65234375, 3.99609375, 3.76171875, 3.39453125, 3.1328125, 2.755859375, 2.5390625, 2.34375, 1.890625, 1.6533203125, 0.54638671875, -0.159912109375, -0.481689453125, -0.92822265625, -1.15625, -2.703125, -3.140625, -3.416015625, -3.478515625, -4.140625, -4.45703125, -4.77734375, -4.91015625, -5.19140625, -5.65625, -5.921875 ]
By what name was Percy Blakeney better known in a novel by Baroness Orczy?	[ "Baroness Emma Orczy was a British novelist, playwright and artist of Hungarian noble origin. She was most notable for her series of novels featuring the Scarlet Pimpernel. In 1903, she and her husband wrote a play based on one of her short stories about an English aristocrat, Sir Percy Blakeney, Bart., who rescued French aristocrats from the French Revolution: The Scarlet Pimpernel. She submitted her novelization of the story under the same title to 12 publishers. While she was waiting for the decisions of these publishers, Fred Terry and Julia Neilson accepted the play for production in the West End. Initially, it drew small audiences, but the play ran four years in London, broke many stage records, was translated and produced in other countries, and underwent several revivals. This theatrical success generated huge sales for the novel.", "(1865-1947). The Hungarian-born British novelist Baroness Emmuska Orczy is chiefly remembered as the author of The Scarlet Pimpernel, one of the greatest popular novels of the early 20th century. Set in the times of the French Revolution, the book recounts the swashbuckling adventures of Sir Percy Blakeney, whose mission is to smuggle French aristocrats out of the country to safety.", "The Scarlet Pimpernel is a play and adventure novel by Baroness Orczy set during the Reign of Terror following the start of the French Revolution. The title character, Sir Percy Blakeney, represents the original \"hero with a secret identity\" that inspired subsequent literary creations such as Don Diego de la Vega (El Zorro) and Bruce Wayne (Batman).", "It was Orczy's fiction, however, which saw the greatest success. She wrote other historical novels and tried to create a heroine sleuth in Lady Molly of Scotland Yard (1910) without much success, but The Scarlet Pimpernel continued to sell. It came to the screen for the first time in 1917 with Dustin Farnum portraying the hero, Sir Percy Blakeney. The Baroness then wrote a sequel, The League of the Pimpernel, in 1919, which was the first of many follow-up stories. She and her husband moved to Monte Carlo during the 1910s and spent the remainder of their lives together there. He eventually retired, but Orczy continued to write and get her short stories published in book form: 13 books of her short fiction pieces, invloving such characters as the Old Man in the Corner, Lady Molly, and Bill Owen. There were other plays produced during her late era, including The Legion of Honor (1918) and Leatherface (1922). Orczy also wrote further stories of her most popular creation, including The Triumph of the Scarlet Pimpernel (1922), Pimpernel and Rosemary (1925), Sir Percy Hits Back (1927), Adventures of the Scarlet Pimpernel (1929), The Way of the Scarlet Pimpernel (1933), and The Scarlet Pimpernel Looks at the World (1933).", "During the 1910s and '20s, there were 19 screen adaptations of the Baroness' fiction, but only three were stories of the Pimpernel; instead, it was her hero of the French Revolution who dominated her recognition. In 1934, London Films and producer Alexander Korda made the definitive film version of The Scarlet Pimpernel , starring Leslie Howard in the role of the foppish Sir Percy Blakeney, Merle Oberon as Marguerite St. Just, and Raymond Massey as the villainous Chauvelin. The attempt by Korda to produce a sequel three years later failed, and there were no further efforts to film any of the Baroness' later Pimpernel tales during the sound era. Spy of Napoleon (1936) and The Emperor's Candlesticks (1937) were also based on her novels, but the most notable adaptation of Orczy's work came in the form of Leslie Howard 's modernization, Pimpernel Smith (1941), which transposed the story to World War II, and which Howard starred in, produced, and directed. The Baroness continued writing into her eighties. She was a product of the Victorian Age and had lived into an era in which her native Hungary had become a pro-fascist dictatorship. Orczy and her husband rode out the Nazi era in Monaco, but he died in 1942, and the Baroness returned to England after the war. She published her memoirs, Links in the Chain of Life, in 1947, and passed away in London at the age of 82.", "The book tells the story of Sir Percy Blakeney, a late-Georgian British society fop who is known more for being a dandy than having an semblance to a swordsman and hero.", "The Scarlet Pimpernel [0] London fop Percy Blakeney is also secretly the Scarlet Pimpernel who, in a variety of disguises, makes repeated daring trips to France to save aristocrats from Madame Guillotine. His unknowing wife is also French, and she finds that her brother has been arrested by the Republic to try and get her to find out who \"that damned elusive Pimpernel\" really is.", "Baroness Orczy is best remembered for The Scarlet Pimpernel but she also wrote scores of mystery novels, adventure romances and other titles. At least a dozen of her novels were follow-ups to The Scarlet Pimpernel. These, however, were generally regarded as less successful. Still, her work was commercially successful and she was able to buy an estate in Monte Carlo, where she lived with Montague and John from 1910 onwards. They remained in Monaco during the Nazi occupation. Her husband died in 1942. After World War II, the baroness moved to England where she spent her remaining years. Orczy was a prolific writer and worked actively until her eighties. Her autobiography, \"Links in the Chain of Life\", was published in 1947.", "A Gay Adventurer A biography of Sir Percy Blakeney, Bart. (1935) (written by 'John Blakeney' pseud. (John Montagu Orczy Barstow))", "In 1903, she and her husband wrote a play based on one of her short stories about an English aristocrat, Sir Percy Blakeney, Bart., who rescued French aristocrats from the French Revolution: The Scarlet Pimpernel. She submitted her novelization of the story under the same title to 12 publishers. While waiting for the decisions of these publishers, Fred Terry and Julia Neilson accepted the play for production in the West End. Initially, it drew small audiences, but the play ran four years in London, broke many stage records, was translated and produced in other countries, and underwent several revivals. This theatrical success generated huge sales for the novel.", "London fop Percy Blakeney is also secretly the Scarlet Pimpernel who, in a variety of disguises, makes repeated daring trips to France to save aristocrats from Madame Guillotine. His unknowing wife is also French, and she finds that her brother has been arrested by the Republic to try and get her to find out who \"that damned elusive Pimpernel\" really is. Written by Jeremy Perkins {J-26}", "Baroness Emmuska Orczy (1865-1947), an only child of Austro-Hungarian nobles, lived most of her life in London, where she built her reputation as an established novelist, playwright, and artist. Also a success on stage, her most famous novel, The Scarlet… More about Baroness Orczy", "Baroness Emmuska Orczy was born in Tarnaörs, Hungary, as the only daughter of Baron Felix Orczy, a noted composer and conductor, and his wife Emma. Her father was a friend of such composers as Wagner, Liszt, and Gounod. Orc Full name: Emma (\"Emmuska\") Magdolna Rozália Mária Jozefa Borbála Orczy de Orczi was a Hungarian-British novelist, best remembered as the author of THE SCARLET PIMPERNEL (1905). Baroness Orczy's sequels to the novel were less successful. She was also an artist, and her works were exhibited at the Royal Academy, London. Her first venture into fiction was with crime stories. Among her most popular characters was The Old Man in the Corner, who was featured in a series of twelve British movies from 1924, starring Rolf Leslie.", "In The Gay Adventurer (Long, 1938), John Blakeney provides a very readable and intriguing account of Baroness Orczy's most famous creation. The entire book is carefully pulled together using incidents from Scarlet Pimpernel novels, with only the occasional added linkages to provide coherence, and it's well worth giving a brief account of the Pimpernel's life according to Blakeney here, bearing in mind that the whole book was meant as a tongue-in-cheek affair and that it is widely assumed that John Blakeney was the pseudonym of Baroness Orczy's son!", "The First Sir Percy, the sequel to The Laughing Cavalier, by Baroness Orczy was first published in 1921. I should have read The Laughing Cavalier first as I found the first chapters of the sequel a little difficult to follow. However, this did not spoil my enjoyment of the novel.", "In addition to the direct sequels about Sir Percy and his league, Orczy's related books include The Laughing Cavalier (1914) and The First Sir Percy (1921), about an ancestor of the Pimpernel's; Pimpernel and Rosemary (1924), about a descendant; and The Scarlet Pimpernel Looks at the World (1933), a depiction of the 1930s world from the point of view of Sir Percy.", "Emmuska Orczy was born in Tarnaörs, Heves County, Hungary on September 23, 1865. She attended West London School of Art and Heatherley's School of Fine Art. Collaborating with her husband Henry Montague Barstow, she produced and illustrated a translated version of Old Hungarian Fairy Tales in 1895. Her first novel, The Emperor's Candlesticks, was published in 1899. Her other works include In Mary's Reign, The Scarlet Pimpernel, I Will Repay, Mam'zelle Guillotine, Lady Molly of Scotland Yard, and The Nest of the Sparrowhawk. She died on November 12, 1947.", "The international success of The Scarlet Pimpernel allowed Orczy and her husband to live out their lives in luxury. Over the years, they lived on an estate in Kent, a bustling London home and an opulent villa in Monte Carlo. Orczy wrote in her autobiography, Links in the Chain of Life:", "The international success of The Scarlet Pimpernel allowed Orczy and her husband to live out their lives in luxury. Over the years, they lived on an estate in Kent , a bustling London home and an opulent villa in Monte Carlo . Orczy wrote in her autobiography, Links in the Chain of Life:", "They had very little money and Orczy started to work with her husband as a translator and an illustrator to supplement his low earnings. John Montague Orczy-Barstow, their only child, was born on 25 February 1899. She started writing soon after his birth but her first novel, The Emperor's Candlesticks (1899), was a failure. She did, however, find a small following with a series of detective stories in the Royal Magazine. Her next novel, In Mary's Reign (1901), did better.", "Baroness Emmuska Orczy artist, playwright, and author, was born in Tarnaörs, Hungary, in 1865. Although all her manuscripts were written in English, she did not learn the language until she and her parents, Baron Felix and Countess Emma Orczy, moved… More about Baroness Emmuska Orczy", "The novel was published soon after the play's opening and was an immediate success. Orczy gained a following of readers in Britain and throughout the world. With the demand high, she wrote a number of sequels over the next 35 years.", "Percy Howard Newby CBE was an English novelist and broadcasting administrator. He was sent to France, to fight in the war as a private, in a Medical Corps Unit. He was released from duty in December 1942, and taught English Literature at Fouad 1st University, Cairo. When A Journey into the Interior, was published in 1946, he returned to England to write. In the same year he was given an Atlantic Award in literature, and two years thence he received the Somerset Maugham Prize. He was the first winner of the Booker Prize, his novel Something to Answer For having received the inaugural award in 1969. He was given a CBE for his work as Managing Director of BBC Radio. P H Newby died in 1997.", "John Boynton Priestley, OM (13 September 1894 – 14 August 1984), known as J. B. Priestley, was an English novelist, playwright and broadcaster. He published 26 novels, notably The Good Companions (1929), as well as numerous dramas such as An Inspector Calls (1945). His output included literary and social criticism.", "Coming Up for Air, his last novel before World War II is the most \"English\" of his novels; alarms of war mingle with images of idyllic Thames-side Edwardian childhood of protagonist George Bowling. The novel is pessimistic; industrialism and capitalism have killed the best of Old England, and there were great, new external threats. In homely terms, Bowling posits the totalitarian hypotheses of Borkenau, Orwell, Silone and Koestler: \"Old Hitler's something different. So's Joe Stalin. They aren't like these chaps in the old days who crucified people and chopped their heads off and so forth, just for the fun of it ... They're something quite new—something that's never been heard of before\".", "Written in 1929 (in Deal , Kent ), it focuses on the trials and tribulations of a concert party in England between World War I and World War II . It is arguably Priestley's most famous novel, and the work which established him as a national figure. It won the James Tait Black Memorial Prize and was adapted twice into film.", "* \"Prince Roman\" (written 1910, published in 1911 in the Oxford and Cambridge Review; based upon the story of Prince Roman Sanguszko of Poland 1800–1881)", "Somewhere between Dickens and Tolstoy stands British novelist Elizabeth Gaskell (1810-1865), whose pen name in the proper Victorian mode was Mrs. Gaskell. Little known in America, she is beloved enough in England to have inspired a BBC adaptation of North and South, her Pride and Prejudice-style love story between a minister's daughter from England's green, prosperous South and a textile magnate from its grim, industrializing North.", "Thyrza, a novel by George Gissing first published in 1887, is set in late Victorian Lambeth, particularly Newport Street, Lambeth Walk and Walnut Tree Walk. The novel was intended by Gissing to \"contain the very spirit of London working-class life\". The story tells of Walter Egremont, an Oxford-trained idealist who gives lectures on literature to workers, some of them from his father's Lambeth factory.", "* A fictional Shelley befriends cavalry officer Matthew Hervey in the 2002 Allan Mallinson novel A Call to Arms. ", "JEAN RHYS was one of the twentieth century's foremost writers, a literary artist who made exquisite use of the raw material of her own often turbulent life to create fiction of memorable resonance and poignancy. Between 1928 and 1939, Rhys published four novels, Quartet, After Leaving Mr. Mackenzie, Voyage in the Dark, and Good Morning, Midnight, which brought her critical acclaim but not fame. After almost thirty years of obscurity, the successful publication of Wide Sargasso Sea in 1966 led to her rediscovery. She died in 1979.", "Wheatley mainly wrote adventure novels, with many books in a series of linked works. Background themes included the French Revolution (the Roger Brook series), Satanism (the Duke de Richleau series), World War II (the Gregory Sallust series) and espionage (the Julian Day novels). Over time, each of his major series would include at least one book pitting the hero against some manifestation of the supernatural. He came to be considered an authority on Satanism, the practice of exorcism, and black magic, toward all of which he expressed hostility. During his study of the paranormal, though, he joined the Ghost Club." ]	[ 5.828125, 5.6328125, 5.46875, 3.384765625, 2.638671875, 1.814453125, 1.7734375, 1.5458984375, 1.34765625, 1.0673828125, 0.8505859375, 0.474853515625, 0.41455078125, -0.0645751953125, -0.391845703125, -0.41162109375, -2.078125, -2.583984375, -2.84375, -3.080078125, -4.0859375, -4.73828125, -8.6484375, -9, -9.0859375, -9.1875, -9.453125, -9.7421875, -9.8203125, -9.859375, -10.0546875, -10.1015625 ]
What is the name given to the system for categorising library books?	[ "The Library developed a system of book classification called Library of Congress Classification (LCC), which is used by most US research and university libraries.", "The numbers are a way a library sorts books and is called the Dewey Decimal system. These numbers tell not only where the book should be housed on shelves, but what kind of material it contains. For example, books 000-099 are classified as Generalities, and usually consist of Encyclopedias, Newspapers, etc., while books 100-199 are Philosophy and Psychology, and so on.", "The Dewey Decimal Classification System is the most widely used method for classifying books in the library. This system is a general knowledge organization tool that is continuously revised to keep pace with knowledge. It is named after Melvil Dewey, an American Librarian who developed it in 1876. This system is a numerical scheme for the arrangement of subjects of nonfiction books, and it classifies books by dividing them into 10 main subject groups that are called categories. Each category is represented by figures beginning with 000 and going on to 999. In other words, it is a system of numbers used to mark and arrange mostly non-fiction books.", "A library classification is a system of coding and organizing library materials ( books , serials, audiovisual materials, computer files, maps , manuscripts , realia) according to their subject and allocating a call number to that information resource. Similar to classification systems used in biology, bibliographic classification systems group entities that are similar together typically arranged in a hierarchical tree structure (assuming none-faceted system).", "Library classification systems are used to organize the millions upon millions of books, tapes, CDs, DVDs, etc. in a logical order. The two main classification systems are: (1) the Library of Congress system (also called the Library of Congress Classification, LCC), and the Dewey Decimal System (also called the Dewey Decimal Classification, DDC). The Library of Congress system is used in most college, university, and research libraries because it handles large collections, and the Dewey Decimal System is used in most public and school libraries because it is more effective for smaller collections. Both of these systems use a unique alpha-numeric address for each book that is refered to as a \"call number.\" This system insures that books on the same topic are shelved near each other.", "The Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) is a system for arranging items in a library. It is the most widely used system and is the one often used by most public libraries and some small academic libraries. This system divides materials into ten main groups using a combination of numbers. These ten main groups are divided into specific fields. When a field needs to become even more specific, decimals are use to represent these specific areas. ", "The Library of Congress Classification (LCC) is a system of library classification developed by the Library of Congress . It is used by most research and academic libraries in the U.S. and several other countries—most public libraries and small academic libraries continue to use the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC). It is not to be confused with the Library of Congress Subject Headings or Library of Congress Control Number.", "\"More libraries and research centers use the Dewey Decimal Classification than the Library's own classification system,\" he added. Many are small or medium-sized: public, school, academic and special libraries. Most major American university and research libraries, whose holdings come closer to matching the breadth and size of the Library's collections, prefer to use the LC classification to arrange and shelve their books.", "Depending on the size of the library collection, some libraries might use classification systems solely for one purpose or the other. In extreme cases, a public library with a small collection might just use a classification system for location of resources but might not use a complicated subject classification system. Instead all resources might just be put into a couple of wide classes (travel, crime, magazines etc.). This is known as a \"mark and park\" classification method, more formally called reader interest classification. ", "Library of Congress Classification - A classification system, developed by the Library of Congress, which uses a combination of letters and numbers to designate the various classes of subjects. Most college and university libraries use this system of arrangement.", "The Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC), or Dewey Decimal System, is a proprietary library classification system first published in the United States by Melvil Dewey in 1876. It has been revised and expanded through 23 major editions, the latest issued in 2011, and has grown from a four-page pamphlet in 1876 with fewer than 1,000 classes to a four volume set. It is also available in an abridged version suitable for smaller libraries. It is currently maintained by the Online Computer Library Center (OCLC), a non-profit cooperative that serves libraries. OCLC licenses access to an online version for catalogers called WebDewey.", "Library classifications were preceded by classifications used by bibliographers such as Conrad Gessner. The earliest library classification schemes organized books in broad subject categories. The increase in available printed materials made such broad classification unworkable, and more granular classifications for library materials had to be developed in the nineteenth century.", "This hierarchical method of classifying books allows libraries to group like works within a discipline and relate them to broader and narrower topics in the same discipline.", "The preparation of entries for a library catalog (called cataloging ) is performed by a librarian known as a cataloger . British spelling is catalogue. Abbreviated cat. Compare with bibliography and index . See also: classified catalog , dictionary catalog , divided catalog , and online catalog .", "In large libraries, it is possible that many books will be classified with the same Dewey classification number. The library must give each book a unique number that serves as the address for locating each book on the shelf.", "Catalog - A file of records arranged systematically, listing all the books, periodical titles, and other materials owned by a library. For each book and periodical title in the library, there is a record in the catalog under the book author's name, the book or periodical title, and any subject terms that describe the contents of the book or periodical. See \"OPAC\" (below).", "Library classification is distinct from the application of subject headings in that classification organizes knowledge into a systematic order, while subject headings provide access to intellectual materials through vocabulary terms that may or may not be organized as a knowledge system.", "The Dewey Decimal Classification organizes library materials by discipline or field of study. Main divisions include philosophy, social sciences, science, technology, and history. The scheme is made up of ten classes, each divided into ten divisions, each having ten sections. The system's notation uses Arabic numbers, with three whole numbers making up the main classes and sub-classes and decimals creating further divisions. The classification structure is hierarchical and the notation follows the same hierarchy. Libraries not needing the full level of detail of the classification can trim right-most decimal digits from the class number to obtain a more general classification. For example:", "The classification is not merely a way of assigning locational numbers to books, it is a logical system that can organize any number of topics within disciplines, moving from the broad, general categories, to the most specific.", "Includes links to tools and resources on the main classification schemes used in academic and public libraries", "Yes, academic libraries _tend_ to use LC, and public libraries _tend_ to use Dewey. But that's definitely not a hard and fast rule.", "Worldcat is the world's largest bibliographic database. It is a union catalog which itemizes the collections of 72,000 libraries in 171 countries which participate in the Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) global cooperative. It is built and maintained collectively by the participating libraries. Created in 1971, it contains more than 203 million different records pointing to over 1.65 billion physical and digital assets in more than 470 languages.", "Some classification systems are more suitable for aiding subject access, rather than for shelf location. For example, Universal Decimal Classification, which uses a complicated notation of pluses and colons, is more difficult to use for the purpose of shelf arrangement but is more expressive compared to DDC in terms of showing relationships between subjects. Similarly faceted classification schemes are more difficult to use for shelf arrangement, unless the user has knowledge of the citation order.", "Some classification systems are more suitable for aiding subject access, rather than for shelf location. For example, UDC which uses a complicated notation including plus, colons are more difficult to use for the purpose of shelf arrangement but are more expressive compared to DDC in terms of showing relationships between subjects. Similarly faceted classification schemes are more difficult to use for shelf arrangement, unless the user has knowledge of the citation order.", "Books are placed on the shelf in increasing numerical order; the whole number to the left of the decimal is in counting order, while the digits to the right of the decimal are compared one digit at a time, with a blank coming before zero. (Example: 050, 220, 330.973, 331 etc.) When two books have the same subject, and therefore the same classification number, the second line of the call number, which usually has the first letter or first several letters of the author's last name (or the title if there is no identifiable author), is placed in alphabetical order.", "To arrange a collection of item s ( book s, pamphlet s, map s, videocassette s, sound recording s, etc.) according to a system of classification , based on the characteristic s ( facet s) of each item. Also, to assign a class number to an individual item in a collection , based on its characteristics.", "Sometimes it is pretty puzzling to find your way round a library. There are so many different sections for different sorts of books, that it is easy to miss books you would find interesting.", "Catalogus \| variorum et insignium \| Librorum \| instructissimæ Bibliotheca \| clarissimi doctissimiq Viri—Lazari Seaman, S. T. D. \| quorum Auctio habebitur Londini \| in ædibus Defuncti in Area et Viculo \| Warwicensi. Octobris ultimo \| cura Gulielmi Cooper Bibliopolæ \| Londini.", "A way of organizing information with general categories at the top, subcategories below, and narrower subcategories on a further level.", "I've been using it to catalog my own books. It is handy since you can enter just the ISBN or title or author and it will find anything that matches in one of a large selection of sources. It is intended in part to make book-owning a social activity. You can find out what other people have (there's an option for making your catalogue private if you wish), and you can find out how many other people own any particular title. I know that my tastes are somewhat idiosyncratic, but I was still a bit surprised at how few people have some of my favorites.", "Look at the legend at the top left. It's really fairly clear—each row is a subseries, and the reading order is left to right. The dotted lines just mean something in the book refers back to the book connected by the dotted line.", "And if you want to categorize a new object into a familiar category, the procedure is only slightly more complicated:" ]	[ 4.46875, 4.42578125, 4.36328125, 4.06640625, 3.759765625, 2.947265625, 2.521484375, 2.353515625, 1.9462890625, 1.3525390625, 1.333984375, 1.0048828125, 0.2880859375, 0.2384033203125, 0.1005859375, 0.08428955078125, -0.80029296875, -0.90673828125, -2.279296875, -2.4921875, -2.744140625, -2.849609375, -3.240234375, -3.4140625, -3.796875, -4.0234375, -5.3203125, -5.5390625, -5.8203125, -6.70703125, -7.30859375, -9.359375 ]
Behind Shakespeare, who is the second most published author of all time?	[ "The most-published playwright is Shakespeare. The second is Neil Simon. It's sort of hard to believe (at least for this writer) that Simon follows Shakespeare in terms of published works, but he does. Simon has produced more than 16 plays, including some that you've probably heard of, such as \"The Odd Couple\" and \"Brighton Beach Memoirs.\" Sixteen plays doesn't sound like a lot, but Simon has done a few other things as well. He's written 18 books and 12 screenplays.", "The most-published playwright is Shakespeare. The second is Neil Simon. It's sort of hard to believe (at least for this writer) that Simon follows Shakespeare in terms of published works, but he does. Simon has produced more than 16 plays, including some that you've probably heard of, such as \"The Odd Couple\" and \"Brighton Beach Memoirs.\" Sixteen plays doesn't sound like a lot, but Simon has done a few other things as well. He's written 18 books and 12 screenplays.", "Shakespeare came in only 10th in the list of most borrowed classic authors. Roald Dahl was top, with Enid Blyton second and Agatha Christie third. Shakespeare, whose 400th anniversary is being celebrated this year, was also beaten by Charles Dickens, PG Wodehouse and JRR Tolkien. Things weren't all Bard for Shakespeare: he did at least beat Jane Austen (11th). And sneaking in at 20th place was Nevil Shute, the not-forgotten-it-seems author of the 1950 classic A Town Like Alice.", "Skiena, Steven, and Charles B. Ward. Who’s Bigger: Where Historical Figures Really Rank. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013. From the Guardian for 1 February 2014 review can be excerpted the following report for Shaw: In the ranking of the “most significant people in history” Shaw is at 213. In “The Literary 100” Shaw comes 24th, way below Shakespeare (no. 1) and Wilde (no. 6), but above Ibsen (no. 44). America has three writers in the top 10: Twain, Poe, and Thoreau. Other playwrights in the top 50 of “The Literary 100” are Sophocles, Marlowe, Aeschylus, Aristophanes, and Jonson. There are only three playwrights in the top 25 literary types—Shakespeare, Wilde, and Shaw. Our Bernard is doing okay.", "Ben Jonson (c. 11 June 1572 – 6 August 1637) was an English playwright, poet, and literary critic of the seventeenth century, whose artistry exerted a lasting impact upon English poetry and stage comedy. He popularised the comedy of humours. He is best known for the satirical plays Every Man in His Humour (1598), Volpone, or The Foxe (1605), The Alchemist (1610), and Bartholomew Fayre: A Comedy (1614), and for his lyric poetry; he is generally regarded as the second most important English dramatist, after William Shakespeare, during the reign of James I. Jonson was a classically educated, well-read, and cultured man of the English Renaissance with an appetite for controversy (personal and political, artistic and intellectual) whose cultural influence was of unparalleled breadth upon the playwrights and the poets of the Jacobean era (1603–1625) and of the Caroline era (1625–1642).", "Edward de Vere, the 17th Earl of Oxford, an English nobleman and intimate of Queen Elizabeth, became the most prominent alternative candidate for authorship of the Shakespeare canon, after having been identified in the 1920s. Oxford partisans note the similarities between the Earl's life, and events and sentiments depicted in the plays and sonnets. The principal hurdle for the Oxfordian theory is the evidence that many of the Shakespeare plays were written after their candidate's death, but well within the lifespan of William Shakespeare. Christopher Marlowe is considered by some to be the most highly qualified to have written the works of Shakespeare. It has been speculated that Marlowe's recorded death in 1593 was faked for various reasons and that Marlowe went into hiding, subsequently writing under the name of William Shakespeare; this is called the Marlovian theory. Sir Francis Bacon is another proposed author for the Shakespeare works. Besides having travelled to some of the countries in which the plays are set, he could also have read the Shakespeare sources in their original Greek, Italian, Hebrew, or French. He described himself as a \"Concealed Poet\" and was alive at the time of the publication of the First Folio in 1623. Arguments against Bacon include the suggestion that he had no time to write so many plays, and that his style is different from Shakespeare's.", "Shakespeare’s works were collected and printed in various editions in the century following his death, and by the early eighteenth century his reputation as the greatest poet ever to write in English was well established. The unprecedented admiration garnered by his works led to a fierce curiosity about Shakespeare’s life, but the dearth of biographical information has left many details of Shakespeare’s personal history shrouded in mystery. Some people have concluded from this fact and from Shakespeare’s modest education that Shakespeare’s plays were actually written by someone else—Francis Bacon and the Earl of Oxford are the two most popular candidates—but the support for this claim is overwhelmingly circumstantial, and the theory is not taken seriously by many scholars.", "Shakespeare was not revered in his lifetime, but he received a large amount of praise. In 1598, the cleric and author Francis Meres singled him out from a group of English writers as \"the most excellent\" in both comedy and tragedy. The authors of the Parnassus plays at St John's College, Cambridge numbered him with Chaucer, Gower and Spenser. In the First Folio, Ben Jonson called Shakespeare the \"Soul of the age, the applause, delight, the wonder of our stage\", though he had remarked elsewhere that \"Shakespeare wanted art\". ", "Over two billion copies of her books have been sold worldwide. Her book sales are surpassed only by the Bible and by William Shakespeare . She is the best-selling author of all time.", "Shakespeare was not revered in his lifetime, but he received his share of praise. [155] In 1598, the cleric and author Francis Meres singled him out from a group of English writers as \"the most excellent\" in both comedy and tragedy. [156] And the authors of the Parnassus plays at St John's College, Cambridge , numbered him with Chaucer , Gower and Spenser . [157] In the First Folio , Ben Jonson called Shakespeare the \"Soul of the age, the applause, delight, the wonder of our stage\", though he had remarked elsewhere that \"Shakespeare wanted art\".", "A third...candidate for Shakespearean authorship was Christopher Marlowe. He was the right age (just two months older than Shakespeare), had the requisite talent, and would certainly have had ample leisure after 1593, assuming he wasn't too dead to work. more...", "William Shakespeare (; 26 April 1564 (baptised) – 23 April 1616) was an English :poet, :playwright, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist.; ; . He is often called England's national poet, and the \"Bard of Avon\". His extant works, including collaborations, consist of approximately 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and a few other verses, some of uncertain authorship. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright. ", "William Shakespeare (26 April 1564 (baptised) – 23 April 1616) was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the \"Bard of Avon\". His extant works, including some collaborations, consist of about 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and a few other verses, the authorship of some of which is uncertain. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.", "William Shakespeare (26 April 1564 (baptised) – 23 April 1616) was an English poet, playwright and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the \"Bard of Avon\". His extant works, including some collaborations, consist of about 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and a few other verses, the authorship of some of which is uncertain. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright. [115]", "William Shakespeare (1564 - 1616) was an English poet, playwright and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. His extant works, including some collaborations, consist of about 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and a few other verses, the authorship of some of which is uncertain. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright. He was born and brought up in Stratford-upon-Avon. At the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway, with whom he had three children. Between 1585 and 1592, he began a successful career in London as an actor, writer, and part-owner of a playing company called the Lord Chamberlain's Men, later known as the King's Men. He produced most of his known work between 1589 and 1613. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.", "Roald Dahl (; ; 13 September 1916 – 23 November 1990) was a British novelist, short story writer, poet, screenwriter, and fighter pilot. His books have sold over 200 million copies worldwide.", "Oan [v/o]: William Shakespeare is of course the greatest writer in the English language. George Bernard Shaw accused his peers of \"Bardolatry\" for word spitting him so much. But a century later, Harold Bloom suggested that there should actually be a religion surrounding The Bard of Avon.", "Christopher Marlowe, also known as Kit Marlowe (baptised 26 February 1564 - 30 May 1593), was an English playwright, poet and translator of the Elizabethan era. Marlowe was the foremost Elizabethan tragedian of his day. He greatly influenced William Shakespeare, who was born in the same year as Marlowe and who rose to become the pre-eminent Elizabethan playwright after Marlowe's mysterious early death. Marlowe's plays are known for the use of blank verse and their overreaching protagonists.", "Christopher Marlowe (baptised 26 February 1564; died 30 May 1593) was an English dramatist, poet and translator of the Elizabethan era. Marlowe was the foremost Elizabethan tragedian until his mysterious early death. Marlowe greatly influenced William Shakespeare, who was born in the same year as Marlowe.", "William Shakespeare is one of the world's greatest writers. He wrote plays for the theatre . He wrote poetry too.", "THIS AUTHOR OF \"TAMBURLAINE\" HAS BEEN CALLED \"A SECOND SHAKESPEARE\", BUT SOME THINK HE WAS THE FIRST", "Jonathan Swift was an Anglo-Irish satirist, essayist, political pamphleteer, poet and cleric, who became Dean of St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin. He is remembered for works such as Gulliver's Travels, A Modest Proposal, A Journal to Stella, Drapier's Letters, The Battle of the Books, An Argument Against Abolishing Christianity, and A Tale of a Tub. Swift is probably the foremost prose satirist in the English language, and is less well known for his poetry. Swift originally published all of his works under pseudonyms—such as Lemuel Gulliver, Isaac Bickerstaff, M.B. Drapier—or anonymously. He is also known for being a master of two styles of satire: the Horatian and Juvenalian styles.", "Jonathan Swift was an Anglo-Irish satirist, essayist, political pamphleteer (first for Whigs then for Tories), and poet, famous for works like Gulliver's Travels, A Modest Proposal, A Journal to Stella, The Drapier's Letters, The Battle of the Books, and A Tale of a Tub. Swift is probably the foremost prose satirist in the English language, and is less well known for his poetry. Swift published all of his works under pseudonyms — such as Lemuel Gulliver, Isaac Bickerstaff, M.B. Drapier — or anonymously. He is also known for being a master of two styles of satire; the Horatian and Juvenalian styles.", "Edward II is a Renaissance or Early Modern period play written by Christopher Marlowe. It is one of the earliest English history plays. The full title of the first publication is The Troublesome Reign and Lamentable Death of Edward the Second, King of England, with the Tragical Fall of Proud Mortimer.", "English poet and playwright. Famous works include Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, Merchant of Venice and Hamlet.", "MALORY. Judged by its influence, the greatest prose work of the fifteenth century was the Morte d'Arthur of Thomas Malory (d. 1471). Of the English knight who compiled this work very little is known beyond this, that he sought to preserve in literature the spirit of medieval knighthood and religion. He tells us nothing of this purpose; but Caxton, who received the only known copy of Malory's manuscript and published it in 1485, seems to have reflected the author's spirit in these words:", "Christopher Marlowe is the author of Edward II: The Troublesome Reign and Lamentable End of Edward the Second, King of England, with the Tragical Fall of Proud Mortimer.", "Ben Jonson occupies by common consent the second place among English dramatists of the reigns of Elizabeth I and James I. He was a man of contraries. For “twelve years a papist,” he was also—in fact though not in title—Protestant England’s first poet laureate. His major comedies express a strong distaste for the world in which he lived and a delight in exposing its follies and vices. A gifted lyric poet, he wrote two of his most successful plays entirely in prose, an unusual mode of composition in his time. Though often an angry and stubborn man, no one had more disciples than he. He was easily the most learned dramatist of his time, and he was also a master of theatrical plot, language, and characterization. It is a measure of his reputation that his dramatic works were the first to be published in folio (the term, in effect, means the “collected works”) and that his plays held their place on the stage until the period of the Restoration. Later they fell into neglect, though The Alchemist was revived during the 18th century, and in the mid-20th century several came back into favour: Volpone, The Alchemist, and Bartholomew Fair especially have been staged with striking success.", "Christopher Marlowe (c. 26 February 1564 – 30 May 1593) was an English dramatist, poet and translator of the Elizabethan era.", "greatest literary genius; Wrote at least 36 plays (including Hamlet, Macbeth, King Lear, Julius Caesar, and Othello), 154 sonnets, and a few longer poems", "The extended second edition of this inspiring introduction to Shakespeare offers readers more insights into what makes Shakespeare great, and why we still read and perform his works.", "is an English writer from Norwich. He is the best-selling author of several books, most notably his trilogy of fantasy novels, His Dark Materials, and his fictionalised biography of Jesus, The Good Man Jesus and the Scoundrel Christ." ]	[ 4.8515625, 4.8515625, 3.00390625, 1.375, 0.10247802734375, -0.88720703125, -1.212890625, -1.845703125, -2.0546875, -2.1171875, -2.236328125, -2.337890625, -2.373046875, -2.59375, -2.83984375, -2.923828125, -2.96875, -3.84375, -4.0390625, -4.32421875, -4.48828125, -4.90234375, -5.0234375, -5.328125, -5.3515625, -5.41015625, -5.95703125, -6.04296875, -6.10546875, -6.7421875, -7.31640625, -7.8984375 ]
Which Thomas Harris novel was the top selling adult fiction novel of the year 2000 in the UK?	[ "Thomas Harris (born April 11, 1940) is an American writer, best known for a series of suspense novels about his most famous character, Hannibal Lecter. All of his works have been made into films, the most notable being the multi-Oscar-winning The Silence of the Lambs, which became only the third film in Academy Award history to sweep the Oscars in major categories. ", "Thomas Harris, Mississippi writer and author of Hannibal Rising, Silence of the Lambs, Hannibal, Red Dragon, and Black Sunday", "Hannibal Lecter is a fictional character in a series of novels by author Thomas Harris. Lecter is introduced in the 1981 thriller novel Red Dragon as a brilliant psychiatrist and cannibalistic serial killer. Lecter's role in the novel is minor, but in the sequel, The Silence of the Lambs, he becomes one of two primary antagonists. In the third novel, Hannibal, Lecter becomes the main character. His role as protagonist continues into the fourth novel, Hannibal Rising, which explores his childhood and development into a serial killer. Lecter's character also appears in all five film adaptations. The first film (Manhunter, 1986) was loosely based on Red Dragon, and features Brian Cox as Lecter, inexplicably spelled as \"Lecktor\". In 2002, a second film adaptation of Red Dragon was made under the original title, featuring Anthony Hopkins, who had previously portrayed Lecter in The Silence of the Lambs and Hannibal. Hopkins' won an Academy Award for his portrayal of the character in The Silence of the Lambs in 1991.", "A first UK edition of Thomas Harris' Red Dragon.The first installment in Harris' macabre saga focussing on cannibalistic psychiatrist Hannibal Lector. The series, including subsequent works The Silence of The Lambs and Hannibal, would...", "The Silence of the Lambs is a novel by Thomas Harris . First published in 1988, it is the sequel to Harris' 1981 novel Red Dragon . Both novels feature the cannibalistic serial killer Dr. Hannibal Lecter , this time pitted against FBI Special Agent Clarice Starling .", "The Silence of the Lambs is a 1988 novel by Thomas Harris ( Black Sunday ), and the second after Red Dragon to star Hannibal Lecter .", "Thomas Harris, author of three national bestsellers, was born in Jackson, Tennessee, but moved to Rich, Mississippi, with his parents, William and Polly, early in his life. He attended Clarksdale High School, where his mother taught biology. His mother reports that he spent most of his time reading and writing, and that Hemmingway was a favorite writer.", "Much later, in 1999, Harris released the next novel, whose film adaptation was immediately put into production for a summer 2001 release. Building off of the huge popularity of the Lecter character, it was simply called Hannibal, and focused on Clarice, an Italian detective and a former victim of Lecter's all hunting Lecter in different ways for different reasons. The book, although still acclaimed, was far more controversial with critics and readers, especially with the controversial ending . The movie, although changing the ending , received mixed reviews, not least of all because Jodie Foster decided not to return to the role she made famous and was replaced by Julianne Moore. Both book and film, however, made a great deal of money.", "Surely that would suffice for Thomas Harris's fans, who have waited 11 years for the rematch between Clarice Starling, intrepid F.B.I. agent (''cornpone, but with a little taste''), and Hannibal Lecter, the great fictional monster of our time. Most of Harris's devotees have read his entire oeuvre, and why not? Until now it consisted of only three novels. In a culture where a handful of popular novelists pump out a book or two a year, producing them like hormone-juiced hens laying eggs, Harris's rare appearances in the marketplace make him a singularity: a novelist whose work can be grasped entire not just by English department profs and tenure-bound grad students but by the humble folk who entertain themselves with novels on airplanes and in overcrowded waiting rooms.", "Author Thomas Harris was born in Jackson, Mississippi in 1940 to Thomas, an electrical engineer, and Polly, a high school chemistry and biology teacher. He graduated with a B.A. from Baylor University in 1964. He has one child, a daughter, from his first marriage.", "In 2003 his novel, The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time, was published and has been hugely successful. It is the first book to have been published simultaneously in two imprints - one for children and one for adults. It has won a string of prestigious awards, including the 2003 Whitbread Book of the Year. His second novel, A Spot of Bother, was published in 2006 and shortlisted for the 2006 Costa Novel Award.", "Description : The \"Young Dog\" of the title is of course Thomas himself, and this volume of autobiographical stories by the great modern poet, who died at 39 while on his third lecture tour in the United States, shows his waggish humor at its best, his exuberance and verbal magic in spectacular display. It also shows him a spinner of tales and a creator of memorable characters. There is the grandfather who marches off in his best clothes to be buried in the next town, the sardonic \"senior reporter\" on a provincial newspaper, servant girls who know how to deal triumphantly with a fast-talking dandy, a twenty-year-old farmer preaching wildly to boys in a deserted barn, a group of respectable worthies who play at literature behind closed blinds, and always the observant and unfazed young Thomas. Few writers have evoked as successfully the mysteries and adventures of boyhood, of young love with its shattered dreams, or of death haunting two lads at play: none has done it in as fresh and telling phrases, with an elation as natural and contagious.", "Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban is the third novel in the Harry Potter series written by J. K. Rowling. The book was published on 8 July 1999. The novel won the 1999 Whitbread Children's Book Award, the Bram Stoker Award, the 2000 Locus Award for Best Fantasy Novel, and was short-listed for other awards, including the Hugo. A film based on the novel was released on 31 May 2004, in the United Kingdom and 4 June 2004 in the U.S. and many other countries.", "Harris lives in a former vicarage near Newbury, Berkshire, with his wife Gill Hornby, herself a writer and sister of best-selling novelist Nick Hornby. They have four children. Harris contributed a short story, \"PMQ\", to Hornby's 2000 collection Speaking with the Angel.", "Smith published her debut novel “White Teeth” in 2000 to critical acclaim, with the book later being named to Time magazine’s list of the “100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005.” She has since written three more novels, and won the prestigious Orange Prize for Fiction in 2006, the same year she was shortlisted for the Man Booker Prize for Fiction. She was twice named as one of the 20 Best Young Authors by Granta magazine. Smith’s latest novel, “NW,” was published in 2012.", "Lewis is best known, however, for his fiction and his Christian apologetics, two disciplines complementary to each other within his oeuvre. In 1936, Lewis completed the first book in a science-fiction space trilogy, Out of the Silent Planet, that introduced the hero, Edwin Ransom, a philologist modeled roughly on Lewis's friend, J. R. R. Tolkien. Perelandra, a new version of Paradise Lost set in Venus, followed in 1943, and That Hideous Strength completed the trilogy in 1945; the latter Lewis billed as \"a fairy tale for adults,\" treating novelistically of the themes Lewis had developed in his critique of modern education in The Abolition of Man, published two years earlier. Lewis's most notable critical and commercial success, however, is certainly his seven-volume Chronicles of Narnia, which he published in single volumes from 1950-56. These popular children's fantasies began with the 1950 volume, The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe, a tale centered around Aslan the lion, a Christ-figure who creates and rules the supernatural land of Narnia, and the improbable adventures of four undaunted British schoolchildren who stumble into Narnia through a clothes closet. Lewis's own favorite fictional work, Till We Have Faces, his last imaginative work, published in 1956, is a retelling of the Cupid/Psyche myth, but has never achieved the critical recognition he hoped it would.", "The award is given for the best novel of the past year by an author from the UK, Ireland or the Commonwealth.", "Like \"His Dark Materials\" by Philip Pullman (which I have read), \"The Hunger Games\" is a trilogy written for young adults which has crossed over into popularity with a general readership and become a major bestseller as well as the subject of cinema. By the time the first movie was released, the trilogy of books had sold some 50 million copies. Like the other trilogy, this is set in a world related to ours, but profoundly different, and features a resourceful female protagonist. Collins does not write as well as Pullman and the themes she explores are not so large, but she is an excellent storyteller and the book is a real page-turner.", "The book was joint winner of the 2004 Boeke Prize, won the 2003 Whitbread Book of the Year award and sold more than two million copies. Haddon also was one of the winners of the 2004 Alex Awards, which \"honor the 10 top adult books with appeal for adolescents.\" ", "Although many critics complained that 2000 was a thin year for fiction, a number of literary debuts showed promise. The most remarkable one was that of Zadie Smith, whose White Teeth was a panoramic and germane tale addressing issues of ethnic and cultural hybridity in northwestern London. The novel, which sold robustly, was penned by Smith while she was a student at the University of Cambridge and was greeted enthusiastically for its ambitious scope and confident characterizations.", "Thomas, who was given an OBE for services to literature in 2004, wrote more than 30 novels, non-fiction and travel books over his career.", "As Waters' debut novel, Tipping the Velvet was highly acclaimed and was chosen by The New York Times and The Library Journal as one of the best books of 1998. Waters followed it with two other novels set in the Victorian era, both of which were also well received. Reviewers have offered the most praise for Tipping the Velvets use of humour, adventure, and sexual explicitness. The novel was adapted into a somewhat controversial three-part series of the same name produced and broadcast by the BBC in 2002 and a stage play in 2015.", "In his 1981 debut novel, A Good Man in Africa, Boyd displayed his affiliation to an English tradition of the comic novel of expatriate life, together with his allegiance to one of his many literary mentors, Evelyn Waugh. In the figure of Morgan Leafy, a hapless British diplomat struggling to master the complexities of his posting to a corrupt west African country (the fictional Kinjanja), Boyd also echoed the post-war formula of the ‘Angry Young Man’, his bumbling, gauche, but ultimately sympathetic protagonist even leading some critics to hail the author as a natural successor to Kingsley Amis (D. J. Taylor, After the War (1993, xxi). Like Amis’s Jim Dixon in the 1954 comedy Lucky Jim, the accident-prone Leafy pursues his love interest through a series of career crises and ham-fisted sexual encounters, ‘an aristocrat of pain and frustration, a prince of anguish and embarrassment’, until he eventually regains his girl, and his self-respect, against all the odds of his situation.", "This author's novel Mr. Stone and the Knight's Companion marked a change in style from his first three novels, The Mystic Masseur, The Suffrage of Elvira, and Miguel Street. His recent work includes the novel A Way of the World, and he won a Booker Prize for In a Free State, but he is better known for works like A Bend in the River. FTP, who is this Trinidadian novelist, author of A House For Mr. Biswas and winner of the 2001 Nobel Prize in literature?", "The Ghosts of Memory by Wilson Harris, Faber, hdbk, �16.99. ISBN 0-571-23240-X. A novel with litcrit appeal that explores the line between being awake and dreaming and life and death.", "The title character is Mellors, a simple but honest gardener, who is seduced by Connie, the bored, sexually-frustrated wife of a crippled, impotent war veteran. Written in 1928, shortly before the author's death, its realistic language and graphic portrayal of sex caused it to be banned in the U.S.A. and Britain until 1960. For 10 points, name this last great work by D.H. Lawrence.", "The book, published in February 2005 by Jonathan Cape in the United Kingdom and in April in the United States, was critically and commercially successful. Critics noted McEwan's elegant prose, careful dissection of daily life, and interwoven themes. It won the 2005 James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction. It has been translated into eight languages.", "In 1947, Maugham instituted the Somerset Maugham Award , awarded to the best British writer or writers under the age of thirty-five of a work of fiction published in the past year. Notable winners include V. S. Naipaul , Kingsley Amis , Martin Amis and Thom Gunn . On his death, Maugham donated his copyrights to the Royal Literary Fund .", "She was voted author of the year at the 2001 British Book Awards. More than 2 million copies of her books have been sold worldwide. ...more", "In 1947, Maugham instituted the Somerset Maugham Award, awarded to the best British writer or writers under the age of thirty-five of a work of fiction published in the past year. Notable winners include V. S. Naipaul, Kingsley Amis, Martin Amis and Thom Gunn. On his death, Maugham donated his copyrights to the Royal Literary Fund.", "In 1980, William Golding won the Booker Prize for a novel he wrote. Which book won the award?", "Which 2001 film starring Joseph Fiennes, Ed Harris and Jude Law is set during the Battle of Stalingrad?" ]	[ 4.4453125, 3.234375, 2.1171875, 1.1923828125, 0.48193359375, -0.340087890625, -1.685546875, -1.9208984375, -2.3125, -2.6484375, -4.84375, -5.41015625, -5.56640625, -5.6015625, -5.87109375, -5.92578125, -6, -6.1171875, -6.34375, -6.35546875, -6.87109375, -6.94921875, -7.140625, -7.38671875, -7.6953125, -8.5625, -8.7421875, -8.9609375, -9.1875, -9.21875, -10.03125, -10.7734375 ]
Which company is responsible for Mates condoms?	[ "Dunlop Rubber began manufacturing condoms in Australia in the 1890s. In 1905, Dunlop sold its condom-making equipment to one of its employees, Eric Ansell, who founded Ansell Rubber . In 1969, Ansell was sold back to Dunlop. [4] :327 In 1987, English business magnate Richard Branson contracted with Ansell to help in a campaign against HIV and AIDS. Ansell agreed to manufacture the Mates brand of condom, to be sold at little or no profit in order to encourage condom use. Branson soon sold the Mates brand to Ansell, with royalty payments made annually to the charity Virgin Unite . [4] :309,311 [125] In addition to its Mates brand, Ansell currently manufactures Lifestyles for the U.S. market. [4] :333", "Today, Ansell Ltd is a world leader in the design, supply, and marketing of barrier protection products and services. Ansell are an international manufacturer of condoms and own a variety of brands around the world – Mates in the UK, Lifestyles in the USA & Australia, and Manix in France to name but a few.", "Richard Branson launched Mates condoms in the UK in 1987 to promote condoms to young adults at a low price point as awareness of HIV and AIDS grew. A year later Ansell, who were initially manufacturing the condoms for the Virgin brand, bought Mates.", "Mates are the ideal condom to experiment with to spice up your sex life and discover new and delightful sensations. Not only that but Mates condoms give excellent protection from unintended pregnancy and STI’s too - many people now associate condoms instinctively with sex.", " Male condoms have a tight ring to form a seal around the penis while female condoms typically have a large stiff ring to keep them from slipping into the body orifice . The Female Health Company produced a female condom that was initially made of polyurethane, but newer versions are made of nitrile . Medtech Products produces a female condom made of latex. [48]", "RB plc (formerly known as Reckitt Benckiser) (LSE: RB) is a multinational consumer goods company headquartered in Slough, Berkshire, England. It is a major producer of health, hygiene and home products. It was formed in 1999 by the merger of the UK-based Reckitt & Colman plc and the Netherlands-based Benckiser NV.", "Durex is the trademarked name for a range of condoms that were made by United Kingdom-based SSL International. This company was sold to Reckitt Benckiser in July 2010.", "As a result of these studies, a condom aimed at 12- to 14-year-old boys is now produced and is available in Switzerland and in certain other countries. Manufactured by Ceylor, the \"Hotshot\" is a lubricated, teat-ended latex condom which is narrower than a standard condom and has a tight band at the opening to ensure that it remains on the youth's penis during intercourse. A standard condom has a diameter of 2 inches (5.2 cm) whereas the Hotshot has a diameter of 1.7 inches (4.5 cm). Both are the same length–7.4 inches (19 cm). In 2014, in response to demand for condoms from a younger age-group, German condom manufacturer Amor started producing another condom aimed at young people. Known as \"Amor Young Love\", these lubricated condoms have a diameter of 1.9 inches (4.9 cm).", "H & M Hennes & Mauritz AB is a Sweden-based company active in the clothing industry. It operates under such brand names, as H&M, H&M Home, COS, Monki, Weekday, Cheap Monday and & Other Stories. It is engaged in the design, manufacture and marketing of clothing items and related accessories. The Company’s product range comprises clothing, including underwear and sportswear, for men, women, children and teenagers, as well as cosmetic products, accessories, footwear and home textiles. The Company offers its products in a number of branded stores spread across over 40 markets. Additionally, the Company offers online and catalogue sales in Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, Germany, Austria and the United Kingdom. In August 2013, it launched an online store in the United States. In April 2014, H & M Hennes & Mauritz AB opened its first store in Australia.", " As a result of these studies, a condom aimed at 12 to 14 year old boys is now produced and is available in Switzerland and in certain other countries. Manufactured by Ceylor, the 'Hotshot' is a narrower condom with a tight band at the opening to ensure that it remains on the boy's penis during use. A standard condom has a diameter of 2 inches (5.2 cm) whereas the Hotshot has a diameter of 1.7 inches (4.5 cm). Both are the same length – 7.4 inches (19 cm).", "Condom: a reinvention; the oldest surviving example is from Dudley castle, dating from around 1640; Casanova called them his ï¿½English riding jacketsï¿½; the world's first polyurethane male condom, made of Duron, was manufactured in Cambridge by London International Group, starting in 1994 [Source: Robertson/Shell ]", " In a German study of 12,970 13 to 19-year-olds,a quarter of the boys surveyed also said a standard condom was too large. Other manufacturers, such as Durex, also produce smaller than average condoms such as Durex Love which is aimed at this end of the teenage market.", "H&M fashions. H&M, or Hennes & Mauritz AB, is a Swedish clothing company. The company began as a women’s clothing store in 1947 and was originally called Hennes (Swedish for \"hers\"). In 1968, Erling Persson, the company’s founder, acquired a Stockholm hunting equipment store named Mauritz Widforss. He renamed the company, and transformed it into a men’s and women’s clothing chain.", "On 17 March 2006, L'Oréal purchased Body Shop for £652 million. This caused controversy, because L'Oréal is involved in animal testing and because the company is part-owned by Nestlé, which has been criticised for its treatment of third world producers. Anita Roddick addressed it directly in an interview with The Guardian, which reported that \"she sees herself as a kind of 'Trojan horse' who by selling her business to a huge firm will be able to influence the decisions it makes. Suppliers who had formerly worked with the Body Shop will in future have contracts with L'Oréal, and whilst working with the company 25 days a year Roddick was able to have an input into decisions.\" ", "Currently retailing at £3.27, the group’s Just Love Safe range of Durex condoms have proven a hit, if the one Amazon customer review is anything to go by: ‘Yeah did the job like. The Mrs ain’t preggers yet. Top notch item! Highly recommend if you do not want to end up on the Jeremy Kyle show.’", "Durex teamed up with JLS to produce a condom range called \"Just Love Safe\", with each member of the group having their own box. Aston branded boxes sold the most. JLS also released their iconic hoodie range.", "Bond’s is an iconic Australian company that manufactures underwear and hosiery. The company is owned by Pacific Brands.", "We market our products under hundreds of trademarks and service marks in the United States and other countries around the world, the most widely recognized of which are Hanes, Champion, C9 by Champion, Playtex, Bali, Leggs, Just My Size, barely there, Wonderbra, Stedman, Outer Banks, Zorba, Rinbros, Duofold and Gear for Sports. Some of our products are sold under trademarks that have been licensed from third parties, such as Polo Ralph Lauren mens underwear, and we also hold licenses from various toy and media companies giving us the right to use certain of their proprietary characters, names and trademarks.", "Live and learn. When I first read your question, I assumed that you were either joking about Sara Lee or had been hitting the streusel too early in the day. Oh me of little faith. It turns out that Sara Lee Corporation owns a slew of other brands, including such \"intimates\" manufacturers as Hanes, Bali, Wonderbra and Playtex. They also own Polo Ralph Lauren, DKNY, Kiwi shoe care products, Brylcreem (!), and something called Mister Turkey. By the way, there really was (and is) a real person named Sara Lee. The daughter of an entrepreneur who named his bakery after her, she is today a grandmother and reportedly a computer whiz. ", "In 2012, Coca-Cola is listed as a partner of the (RED) campaign, together with other brands such as Nike, Girl, American Express and Converse. The campaign's mission is to prevent the transmission of the HIV virus from mother to child by 2015 (the campaign's byline is \"Fighting For An AIDS Free Generation\").", "Mate is consumed as a health food. Packages of yerba mate are available in health food stores and are frequently stocked in the large supermarkets of Europe, Australia and the United States. By 2013, Asian interest in the drink had seen significant growth and led to significant export trade.", "Trojan (condom) in the US. Also the brand name of detergent in Malaysia, but has since fallen out of use. Now it's \"Dynamo\".", "In addition, supermarkets sell condoms (préservatifs) and also often personal lubricant, bandages, disinfectant and other minor medical item. Condom machines are often found in bar toilets, etc.", "We are a consumer goods company with a portfolio of leading apparel brands, including Hanes, Champion, Bali, Playtex, Just My Size, Leggs, barely there, Wonderbra, Gear for Sports, Stedman, Zorba, Rinbros, Sol y Oro, Outer Banks and Duofold. We design, manufacture, source and sell a broad range of basic apparel such as T-shirts, bras, panties, mens underwear, kids underwear, casualwear, activewear, socks and hosiery.", "Other terms are also commonly used to describe condoms. In North America condoms are also commonly known as prophylactics, or rubbers. In Britain they may be called French letters. Additionally, condoms may be referred to using the manufacturer's name.", " In addition to linen, condoms during the Renaissance were made out of intestines and bladder. In the late 15th century, Dutch traders introduced condoms made from \"fine leather\" to Japan. Unlike the horn condoms used previously, these leather condoms covered the entire penis. [4] :61", "Particulates, lubricants, and spermicide added to condoms by manufacturers; can help identify particular brands and indicate condom use.", "Each Virgin Mobile branded entity acts independently from the others, thus the handsets, service plans and network radio interfaces vary from country to country. In a given country, the Virgin Mobile wireless entity is typically a partnership between Richard Branson's Virgin Group and an existing mobile network operator or mobile virtual network operator (MVNO).", "L&G Group and its affiliates offer various products and services including life insurance, general insurance, pensions and investments. Travelers filed its civil lawsuit at the U.S. District Court of Connecticut on Nov. 20. L&G Group uses a multi-colored umbrella logo with red, yellow, blue and green colors. The Travelers umbrella is red.", "Bali is the third-largest brand within our portfolio, offering a range of bras, panties and shapewear sold in the department store channel. Playtex, the fourth-largest brand within our portfolio, offers a line of bras, panties and shapewear, including products that offer solutions for hard to fit figures. Our brand portfolio also includes the following well-known brands: Just My Size, Leggs, barely there, Wonderbra, Gear for Sports and Outer Banks. These brands serve to round out our product offerings, allowing us to give consumers a variety of options to meet their diverse needs.", "Award winning agency, Leo Burnett is WWF's partner in the Earth Hour initiative. The agency, in collaboration with WWF, has created the Earth Hour identity and logo and a dedicated holistic communications campaign, designed to harness the power of TV, radio, print and interactive.", "In the acronym SMART (cars), S and M stand for 2 of the companies that supplied the original sponsorship. Name either." ]	[ 3.08984375, 3.0390625, 2.767578125, -1.7998046875, -3.96484375, -3.99609375, -4.546875, -4.66015625, -5.125, -5.1328125, -5.1796875, -5.6875, -5.72265625, -5.79296875, -5.9375, -6.02734375, -7.0625, -7.40625, -7.640625, -7.7265625, -7.86328125, -8.171875, -8.6484375, -8.875, -8.890625, -9.4765625, -9.515625, -9.625, -9.6328125, -9.9921875, -10.6484375, -10.734375 ]
What name was given to Columbian goalkeeper Rene Higuita's spectacular clearance against England, when he dived under the ball and back-heeled it while airborne?	[ "José René Higuita Zapata (; born 27 August 1966 in Medellín) is a Colombian former football goalkeeper nicknamed El Loco (\"The Madman\"). Rene Higuita was well known for his 'sweeper' playing style: taking risks in leaving his post empty to clear balls and even dribble.", "Higuita would often take set-pieces for the Colombian national team and became known for scoring directly from free-kicks, as well as penalties. In all, he scored 7 goals in his 68 international appearances. Higuita also invented the scorpion kick, a clearance where the keeper jumps forward, positions his legs over his head and in doing so, kicks the ball away with his heels. This trick earned him considerable media attention when he successfully used it in a friendly game against England at Wembley Stadium on 6 September 1995, clearing a cross by Jamie Redknapp, although the linesman had already flagged for offside. It ranked 94th in Channel 4's 100 Greatest Sporting Moments in 2002. ", "Colombia had its strongest period during the 1990s. A 1993 match resulted in a 5–0 win over Argentina which began a special \"mutual respect\" rivalry between both nations. The goalkeeper René Higuita achieved fame from his eccentric scorpion kick clearance against England at Wembley Stadium in 1995. Stars from Colombia's team included Carlos Valderrama and Faustino Asprilla. During this era Colombia qualified for the 1990, 1994, and 1998 World Cups, only reaching the second round in 1990. Following the death of Andrés Escobar after the 1994 World Cup, Colombia's team faded in the latter half of the 1990s. They were the champions of the 2001 Copa América, which they hosted and set a new Copa América record of conceding no goals and winning each match. Prior to that success, they were runners-up to Peru in the 1975 Copa América. In total, Colombia has gained a top four result in seven Copa Américas. Colombia was the first team to win FIFA best mover in 1993 where the achievement was first introduced and the second team after Croatia to win it twice in 2012.", "Former Colombia keeper René Higuita has three international goals to his name plus a further 38 first-class goals, including eleven in one season for Independiente Medellín, making him the fourth highest goalscoring goalkeeper of all time. His three international strikes came against Finland in 1988, and two the following year against Peru, where he scored the only goal of the game, and against Venezuela.", "Ronaldo Luís Nazário de Lima (; born 18 September 1976 ), commonly known as Ronaldo, is a retired Brazilian professional footballer who played as a striker. Popularly dubbed \"the phenomenon\", he is widely considered to be one of the greatest football players of all time. A three-time FIFA World Player of the Year and two-time Ballon d'Or recipient, Ronaldo was named in the FIFA 100, a list of the greatest living players compiled in 2004, and was inducted into the Brazilian Football Museum Hall of Fame and the Italian Football Hall of Fame.", "Born in Barcelona in 1901, El Divino made his name with Español, with whom he won his first Copa del Rey title, before going on to cement his reputation with both Barcelona and Real Madrid. Like most goalkeeping legends, he had his own distinctive style - both in playing terms and appearance - and often entered the field of play wearing a cloth cap and a white polo-neck jumper, which he claimed protected him from the sun and opposition players. He was one the first truly modern keepers and his agility between the sticks was only rivaled by his bravery, playing on in a game against England in 1929 despite breaking his sternum during the match.", "In the quarter-finals against England, Garrincha opened the score with a header off a corner kick. England equalized before half time. In the second half, Vavá scored Brazil's second goal off a rebound of a shot by Garrincha; minutes later, Garrincha received a ball outside the penalty area, paused, and sent a curved shot – known as the \"banana shot\" – into the bottom of the net. Brazil won 3–1 and advanced to the semi-finals. The British football press said he \"was Stanley Matthews, Tom Finney and a snake charmer all rolled into one.\"", "\"The Octopus\" Luis Arconada is one of the top goalkeepers in the World during the early 1980s. Unfortunately, he is remembered for a spectacular error in the final of the Euro 84 against France that led Spain finally lost. He had captained the national side on many occasions. Arconada was seriously injured in the league's opener, which caused him to miss the remainder of the campaign and the 1986 FIFA World Cup. He still returned strong for three more seasons, helping Real Sociedad to two consecutive Copa Del Rey finals before retiring at 35, with a total of 551 appearances for the club ; after that, he remained apart from the football world. He was rated as Don Balon Spanish La Liga Goalkeeper of the season for three times.", "Ladislao Mazukiewicz is one of the best goalkeepers ever to come from the Americas. HLev Yashin regarded him as his successor. His early career with Penarol saw an impressive victory with two consecutive unbeaten seasons in 1967 and 1968. Marzurkiewicz helped the Uruguay national team to qualify to the semifinals of the 1970 World Cup. Mazurkiewicz is perhaps most famous for being the goalkeeper that fell for Pelé's sensational trick at the 1970 World Cup Finals when he let the ball run one way past Mazurkiewicz and he ran the other, before almost scoring with a shot while he was turning back towards the goal. He totally kept five clean sheets in World Cup final tournament. He notably won six international games in row without concede goal between 1969 and 1970. Mazurkiewicz was voted by IFFHS’s poll 5th South American’s greatest goalkeeper of all-time and 12th World’s greatest goalkeeper of the century.", "He was born in poverty, and childhood illness left his legs badly twisted. Doctors who carried out corrective surgery thought that he'd be fortunate to again walk - yet he become one of football's quickest and most dangerous right wingers ever. His legs were curved - the left bent inwards and the right was 6 cm shorter and curved outwards - yet he played some of the most beautiful football the world have ever witnessed. He was named as a member of the World Team of the 20th Century 1998. Garrincha (which means 'songbird' in Portuguese) is the greatest dribbler of the game's history.", "Dutch star Johan Cruyff fakes out a goalkeeper and scores in the 1974 World Cup. Cruyff invented “the Cruyff turn,” one of soccer’s coolest and most devastating tricks, cementing his place in soccer history.", "Unfortunately, the 1994 World Cup is also remembered for likely having led to the death of a Colombian player. Andrés Escobar scored an own-goal in a game against the United States , which led to Colombia being knocked out of the tournament. 10 days after that game, Escobar was shot 12 times outside Medellin. News reports at the time speculated that he was killed as punishment for the own-goal, and some eyewitnesses said the killer shouted, “Gol!” with each bullet fired. The man was convicted of murder and sentenced to more than 40 years, but was later released after only serving 11.", "** The World Cup ends in Mexico with Argentina as winners and West Germany runners-up, but England's Gary Lineker wins the Golden Boot, having finished as the competition's leading scorer with six goals. Lineker, who has been at Everton for the last year and is the First Division's top scorer, is reported to be on the verge of a transfer to FC Barcelona of Spain. ", "During England's quarter-final with Brazil at the 1962 World Cup there was a pitch invasion of the canine variety. A few minutes into the match a stray dog came onto the field, and proved even harder to tackle than Pele. After escaping the advances of Brazilian goalkeeper Gilmar and then Garrincha, Jimmy Greaves stepped in. The England striker got down on all fours before wrestling the dog to the ground and handing it over to the officials. But during the incident, the dog urinated all over Greaves and he was forced to play the rest of the match smelling of dog wee. Legend has it that Brazil star Garrincha found the incident so amusing, he later adopted the dog.", "Yet for all Garrincha’s wizardry, this last-eight tie is often remembered for another, far less likely star. The cheeky pitch invader, captured in the image above, proved just as elusive as Brazil’s star winger, slipping on to the pitch before skipping away from England goalkeeper Ron Springett and Garrincha himself. It was then that Jimmy Greaves took matters into his own hands, pulling off a capture that he would immediately live to regret.", "Either way, these goalkeepers have sealed their name into World Cup legend, and there will be several younger but also talented goalkeepers – Manuel Neuer of Germany particularly comes to mind here – hoping to do the same this summer when Brazil finally hosts the finals. But before we look ahead to June 12th, let’s look back on the 10 greatest shot-stoppers the World Cup has ever seen.", "1998: Scores first England goal, a free-kick against Colombia in Lens on June 26. Sent off in second-round penalty shoot-out defeat against Argentina.", "A two-time World Cup champion with Brazil, as well as the 1962 World Football Player of the Year, Garrincha (meaning \"little bird\") was an unlikely footballer, having been born with a deformed spine, a right leg that bent inwards, and a shorter left leg that curved outwards. By the time he was 18, however, he had developed the uncanny ball control and phenomenal dribbling ability that would establish him as one of the world's most dynamic players.", "Lineker is the only Englishman to date to win the World Cup Golden Shoe, as his six goals topped the charts at the 1986 World Cup. Four years later, he scored four more in helping England finish fourth.", "Dr João Havelange's 24 years as FIFA President were a period of significant change which featured, most notably, the expansion of the FIFA World Cup from a 16-team tournament to one twice as large by the time the Brazilian left his post in 1998. An Olympic swimmer and water polo player in his younger days, Havelange's greatest achievement as a football administrator was arguably to ensure increased involvement on the world stage for teams from Asia, Africa, CONCACAF and Oceania, who had had just three FIFA World Cup finalists between them in 1974. FIFA's Zurich headquarters housed just 12 staff members when he took office yet that figure would increase almost tenfold as FIFA's organisational responsibilities and commercial interests grew, not least with a wave of new tournaments introduced, notably the world championships at Under-17 and U20 level in the late 1980s and the FIFA Confederations Cup and FIFA Women's World Cup at the start of the 1990s.", "ET 27: Jerzy Dudek pulls off the greatest double-save I've ever seen to deny Andriy Shevchenko from point-blank range twice in quick succession. How did he keep the ball out? Two reaction saves in a row - it was amazing goalkeeping. The first was a bullet-header from the edge of the six-yard box, while the second hit his hands and went over the bar. I'm not sure how much he knew about it, but it was an astonishing block.", "Juan Román Riquelme is an Argentine footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Boca Juniors. One of most talented players of his generation, Riquelme is best known for his creative passing. A playmaker, he combines passing, vision and skills with goalscoring ability from midfield. He spent most of his career with Boca Juniors, but also had a significant spell in Spain with Villarreal. He was named the Argentine Footballer of the Year four times. A longtime Argentine international, Riquelme represented the nation at the 2006 World Cup and two Copa América tournaments.", "Last year’s Copa performance seemed to recalibrate the team after finishing last in the 2014 World Cup qualifying campaign with a 3-10-3 record. As part of a generational shift, Coach Ramon Diaz did not select career scoring leader Roque Santa Cruz, 34, for this summer’s festivities. He did take goalkeeper Justo Villar, who turns 39 later this month and has served the national team since 1999 with more than 100 appearances. Diaz also chose veteran forward Nelson Valdez, who is in his second MLS season with the Seattle Sounders.", "1.Hugo Sánchez (Mexico) 107 2.Luis Funete (Mexico) 45 3.Carlos Hermosillo (Mexico) 42 4.Horacio Casarin (Mexico) 40 5.Raúl Cárdenas (Mexico) 39 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6.William Gonsalves (USA) 33 7.Salvador Reyes (Mexico) 30 8.Julio César Dely Valdéz(Panama) 29 Bruce Wilson (Canada) 29 10.Jorge Alberto González (El Salvador) 24 11.José Mauricio Cienfuegos(El Salvador) 21 Eryc Wynalda (USA) 21 13.Walter Alfred Bahr (USA) 17 14.Jesús del Muro (Mexico) 15 15.Raúl Ignacio Díaz Arce (El Salvador) 14 Alejandro Morera (Costa Rica) 14 17.Mario López (Cuba) 13 18.Gustavo Peña (Mexico) 11 19.Marcelo Balboa (USA) 10 Robert Lenarduzzi (Canada) 10 Oscar \"Conejo\" Sánchez (Guatemala) 10 22.Benjamin Galindo (Mexico) 9 Ronald Gómez (Costa Rica) 9 Juan Carlos Plata (Guatemala) 9 Gilberto Yearwood (Honduras) 9 Dwight Yorke (Trinidad/Tobago) 9 27.Juan Carreño (Mexico) 8 Roger Gómez (Costa Rica) 8 José Rafael Meza (Costa Rica) 8 Nicolás Suazo (Honduras) 8 31.Jorge Roldán (Guatemala) 7 Luis Ernesto Tapia (Panama) 7", "Quick-Hit Fact: Corona was one of three overage footballers who played in the 2012 Summer Olympics. In the Liga MX, he has been appointed Best Goalkeeper twice (2010 Apertura and 2012 Clausura).", "The Levante stopper was arguably Costa Rica’s best player at Brazil 2014, including a match-winning display in the Round of 16 tie against Greece. Making 21 saves in Los Ticos’ five games, he was awarded the Budweiser Man of the Match Award on three occasions. At 26-years-old the best years of his career are firmly ahead of him.", "El Pajaro's goal against Brazil was one of four notches in World Cup competition, and just one of several vital strikes he converted while wearing his nation's colours.", "When Chilean player Eladio Rojas scored a goal in the 1962 quarter-final against Russia, the first person he hugged was the Russian goalkeeper. Rojas was so excited because the goalkeeper he had beaten was the 'unbeatable' Lev Yashin.", "2) Who is the only player to score for 2 different nations in 2 separate World Cup tournaments?", "In his international debut in 1932 for Brazil against Uruguay, Leonidas introduced the bicycle-kick to an amazed international audience, scoring twice. The wealthy clubs were so impressed that Nacional, Uruguay's most powerful team, immediately signed him.", "The delightfully named Panama keeper Ñscar McFarlane has 19 career goals to his name, scoring for three different clubs between 2000 and 2010, namley Panama Viejo, Tauro and Club Atlético Independiente", "Two players share the record for the most goals scored at the Copa America; Norberto Mendez of Argentina and Zizinho of Brazil. 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Which pop group were formed in Sheffield in 1977 and took there name from a pair of detectives in the Adventures of Tin Tin?	[ "The band was named after the two bumbling detectives Thomson and Thompson in Hergé's comic strip The Adventures of Tintin. At various stages, the band had up to seven members, but their most known incarnation was as a trio between 1982 and 1986. They became a prominent act in the Second British Invasion, and in 1985, the band performed at Live Aid, where they were joined onstage by Madonna.", "In 1977, aspiring classical pianist Tom Bailey (b. 6.18.57, Halifax, Yorkshire), joined forces with guitarists Peter Dodd and John Roog and drummer Chris Bell to form a band called Thompson Twins (after a pair of identical detectives in the cartoon Tin Tin.) Moving to London in 1978, the quartet diligently played the club scene for two years. By the time the 1980s rolled around, they were ready to take their shot at the singles charts. In time, percussionists Joe Leeway (b. 11.15.57, London) and Alannah Currie (b. 9.20.59, Auckland, New Zealand) would join Bailey, while Dodd, Roog and Bell would leave the band. When, in the mid-Eighties, the Thompson Twins became an international success it consisted of the trio of Bailey, Currie and Leeway. The band, according to Currie, strove to \"make something completely different . . . using technology.\" At the time, many purists scoffed at the nation that \"good\" music could be made with machines. The Thompson Twins proved the skeptics wrong -- and became the leading purveyors of synth-pop. They were innovative, mixing dance, pop, reggae and dance elements with experimental sounds to produce a string of distinctive hit singles that were not only commercially successful but were also critically acclaimed. Daring to be different not only in their music but also in appearance, they became heroes to disaffected youth in the process.", "Another delight for me from the 80's, this English synth pop act took their name from the bungling detectives from the Tin Tin adventures. The group formed as a trio but had expanded to a six-piece by 1981 for their first album. Tom Bailey, the groups centerpiece, met Alannah Currie when they were squatters in different houses, but on the same street. She joined the group soon after, but at the expense of four other members, as the classic lineup of the Thompson Twins spearheaded the second British invasion of America.", "The Thompson Twins -- who were neither a duo nor related, but simply named after the Tin Tin cartoon -- were one of the more popular synth pop groups of the early MTV era, scoring a handful of hits before fading away into lite-funk obscurity. While many of their contemporaries indulged in stylish variations on Roxy Music or robotic electronic funk, the Thompson Twins were more pop-oriented, even when they strayed into dance-pop. Despite their success -- \"Hold Me Now,\" \"Lay Your Hands on Me,\" \"King for a Day\" all reached the U.S. Top Ten -- the group was unable to successfully expand their synth pop sound and, consequently, their audience had virtually disappeared by the late '80s.", "Thompson Twins were a British music group that formed in April 1977. Initially a new wave group, they switched to a more mainstream pop sound and achieved considerable popularity in the mid-1980s, scoring a string of hits in the United Kingdom, the United States, and around the globe. In 1993, they changed the name to Babble, to reflect their change in music from new wave to dub-influenced chill-out.", "Their musical style at this time was varied, approximately described as \"a cross between Abba and The Fall\". A local fanzine also noted this eclecticism, describing them as sounding \"as if they listen to the John Peel show every night in an endless quest for influences\". Indeed, in October 1981, they gave a demo tape to Peel, who granted them a Peel Session. The session was a giant leap forward for the young band, who became well-known on the local music scene as a result. The tracks recorded were in the typical Sheffield sound of the time (cf. The Human League and Comsat Angels): electronic new wave and post-punk. These tracks were released in 2006 on The Peel Sessions compilation.", "Steve and the Board was an Australian pop band active in 1965 and 1966. They recorded for the Everybody's and Spin labels with an initial recording The Giggle-Eyed Goo! Lead singer Steve Kipner went to England with Steve Groves (ex-member of The Kinetics) and formed the group Tin Tin, famous for the hit song Toast and Marmalade for Tea in 1971.", "It was a fitting name for a band starting out at the beginning of the 80's. Forming in Sheffield in 1980 when Martin Fry interviewed the band known as Vice Versa for his magazine, Modern Drugs. They needed a synthesizer player at the time, so his interviewing days were over. Martin soon took over as the face and vocalist of the band, as ABC starting there conquest of the early 80's charts. What followed was three Top Ten hits in a row in the UK (two in Australia) as their album, \"The Lexicon Of Love\" topped the charts.", "Pet Shop Boys is the name of an English electronic pop duo who rose to fame in the 1980s and whose career has spanned three decades. The personnel of the band is: Chris Lowe: keyboards and occasional backing vocals and Neil Tennant, vocals and keyboards.", "Joining the band was Thump Thompson, George Currie and John Dummer, all ex members of the John Dummer's Blues Band. The line-up was completed by Hammy Howell and ex Mickey Jupp singer Bob Fish. They built up a large following playing clubs and universities, although their break came after they appeared on the Charlie Gillet's show on BBC Radio London in October 1976. This secured the band a recording contract with Magnet Records, where they were teamed up with record producer Tommy Boyce who had previously produced The Monkees. Covering 1950s rock and roll hits they scored their first UK hit in December 1977 with a medley of \"Daddy Cool\" (originally a U.S. 1957 hit for The Rays) and Little Richard's 1957 hit \"The Girl Can't Help It\". More cover versions followed in 1978 with \"Come Back My Love\" (originally recorded by U.S. R&B group The Wrens in 1955), \"The Boy from New York City\" (originally a U.S. hit for The Ad Libs in 1965). Their next single of 1978 was an original song \"It's Raining\" written by band member Griff Fender (real name Ian Collier). All three of the aforementioned hits reached number 2 in the UK Singles Chart[1] and sold a combined total of 1.25 million copies.[citation needed]", "Late ‘80s and early ‘90s baggy rock stars Sean Dickson, Jim McCulloch, Sushil K.Dade and Ross A Sinclair paid tribute to the children’s TV classic by naming their band after the TV show.", "Pet Shop Boys are an English electronic pop duo, formed in London in 1981 and consisting of Neil Tennant (main vocals, keyboards, occasional guitar) and Chris Lowe (keyboards, occasional vocals).", "Starting out the two called themselves West End, because of their love of London's West End , but later they came up with the name Pet Shop Boys, derived from friends of theirs who worked in a pet shop in Ealing. Their big break came in August 1983, when Tennant was assigned by Smash Hits to interview The Police in New York. The duo were obsessed with a stream of Hi-NRG records, made by New York producer Bobby Orlando , simply known as Bobby 'O'. According to Tennant: \"I thought: well, if I've got to go and see The Police play, then I'm also going to have lunch with Bobby 'O'.\" They shared a cheeseburger and carrot cake, at a restaurant called the Apple Jack, on 19 August (two years to the day since Tennant and Lowe had met) and Orlando suggested making a record with the Pet Shop Boys, after hearing a demo tape that Tennant had taken with him. [4]", "The Hollies are an English pop group formed in Manchester in the early 1960s, although the majority of the band members came from towns in East Lancashire. Known for their distinctive vocal harmony style, they became one of the leading British groups of the 1960s and early 1970s. They enjoyed considerable popularity in many countries, although they did not achieve major US chart success until 1966. They had 30 charting singles on the UK Singles Chart, and 21 on the Billboard Hot 100, with major hits on both sides of the Atlantic that included \"Just One Look\", \"Look Through Any Window\", \"Bus Stop\", \"I Can't Let Go\", \"On a Carousel\", \"Stop Stop Stop\", \"Carrie Anne\", \"Jennifer Eccles\", and the later \"He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother\", \"Long Cool Woman in a Black Dress\" and \"The Air That I Breathe\".", "Bananarama are a British female pop music vocal group formed in London in 1979 by friends Sara Dallin, Siobhan Fahey and Keren Woodward. Their success on both pop and dance charts have earned the group a listing in The Guinness Book of World Records as the all-female group with the most chart entries in the world, a record which they still hold.", "Simon & Garfunkel are an American singer-songwriter duo consisting of Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel. They formed the group \"Tom and Jerry\" in 1957, and had their first taste of success with the minor hit \"Hey, Schoolgirl\". As ... Simon & Garfunkel are an American singer-songwriter duo consisting of Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel. They formed the group \"Tom and Jerry\" in 1957, and had their first taste of success with the minor hit \"Hey, Schoolgirl\". As Simon and Garfunkel, the duo rose to fame in 1965, backed by the hit single \"The Sounds of Silence\". Their music was featured in the landmark film The Graduate, propelling them further into the public consciousness.", "The band appeared on the Basil Brush Show on BBC TV , and toured as support for Jack Jones . After years of unsuccessful singles, they were signed to Mickie Most 's RAK label , and had three Top 20 successes in 1973 with \"Crazy\" (No. 12), \"Hypnosis\" (No. 16) and \" Dyna-mite \" (No. 4). [1]", "The result of the meeting of Michael McCartney (brother of Beatle Paul ), who would work as Mike McGear to avoid accusations of coat-tailing, and Post Office engineer John Gorman , the Scaffold took a blend of absurd humor and catchy songs to chart-topping glory throughout the 1960s. Their lineup filled out with Roger McGough and Adrian Henri , the group was briefly known as the Liverpool One Fat Lady All Electric Show, to the horror of everyone around them. Henri soon departed. A change of name later, they were gaining a reputation as one of the most amusing outfits on the scene, with a residency at Peter Cook's Establishment Club (where the Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band also held court).", "Lead singer Ray Dorset told ClassicBands.com - \"We couldn't agree on a name. (Producer) Barry (Murray) pulled a name out of a hat, that happened to be Mungo Jerrie, which comes from T.S. Elliot's book, Old Possums Book Of Practical Cats. The spelling that we have is incorrect, because in the book, the Jerry part is spelled Jerrie. And that was it.\"", "Dead or Alive were an English pop band, formed in 1980 in Liverpool. The band found success in the 1980s and had seven Top 40 UK singles and three Top 30 UK albums. They were the first band to have...", "In the early 2000s, the band's current line-up appeared on retro-themed British TV shows such as ITV1's Hit Me Baby One More Time, and a Top of the Pops Christmas special celebrating 50 years of the UK Singles Chart. In June 2006, the band appeared on Channel 4's Bring Back One Hit Wonders with a new line-up. Around this time they released an EP called Timewarped. They continue to perform live.", "Oddie, Brooke-Taylor and Garden then co-wrote and appeared in their television comedy series The Goodies. The Goodies also released records, including \"Father Christmas Do Not Touch Me\"/\"The In-Betweenies\", \"Funky Gibbon\", and \"Black Pudding Bertha\", which were hit singles in 1974–75. They reformed, briefly, in 2005, for a successful 13-date tour of Australia.", "The follow-up to \"Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps Please\" was a cover version of \"Two Little Boys\" (a live version that appeared in the soundtrack to the 1981 film, Urgh! A Music War). It was another triple A-side, with \"Horse\" and \"The Butterfly Song\". The band then performed on Top of the Pops, but the single only reached No. 26 in September 1980. Their eponymous debut album (released in January 1981 when the band was on hiatus) failed to chart.", "During the late-1970s and early-1980s, Coventry was the centre of the Two Tone musical phenomenon, with bands such as The Specials and The Selecter coming from the city, spawning several major hit singles and albums. The Specials achieved two UK #1 hit singles between 1979 - 1981, namely \"Too Much Too Young\" and \"Ghost Town\". Notable singles by The Selecter included \"On My Radio\" and \"Three Minute Hero\".", "The original line-up was Graeme Garden, Tim Brooke-Taylor, Jo Kendall and Bill Oddie, with Humphey Lyttleton is the chair. Jo and Bill left the show during the seventies and the permanent line-up included Barry Cryer and Willie Rushton, until Willie died in 1996. After that time the fourth chair was occupied by guests.", "During the late-1970s and early-1980s, Coventry was the centre of the Two Tone musical phenomenon, with bands such as The Specials and The Selecter coming from the city, spawning several major hit singles and albums. The Specials achieved two UK #1 hit singles between 1979–1981, namely \"Too Much Too Young\" and \"Ghost Town\". Notable singles by The Selecter included \"On My Radio\" and \"Three Minute Hero\".", "Tommy Cannon (born Thomas Derbyshire, 27 June 1938) and Bobby Ball (born Robert Harper, 28 January 1944), known collectively as Cannon and Ball, are an English comedy double act best known for their comedy variety show The Cannon and Ball Show, which lasted for nine years on ITV. The duo met in the early 1960s while working as welders in Oldham, Lancashire. They started out as singers working the pubs and clubs of Greater Manchester and switched to comedy after being told comics earned an extra £3 a night.", "Tommy Cannon (born Thomas Derbyshire, 27 June 1938) and Bobby Ball (born Robert Harper, 28 January 1944), known collectively as Cannon and Ball, are an English comedy double act best known for their comedy variety show The Cannon and Ball Show, which lasted for nine years on ITV. The duo met in the early 1960s while working as welders in Oldham, Lancashire. They started out as singers working the pubs and clubs of Greater Manchester and switched to comedy after being told comics earned an extra £3 a night.", "Lloyd was also behind an unlikely hit record in the shape of Captain Beaky which went into the top five in 1980. It was the most well-known hit from two albums produced by the band in 1977 and 1980.", "The band reformed in 1976 featuring Mike Moran. They recorded a few singles on the Target Records label that was owned by Cook and Greenaway. The best known of their three releases was \"Where Were You Today\", written by Greenaway and Dundas, previously \"Come and C&A\", a television and radio commercial jingle theme for the department store C&A.", "The Goodies are a trio of British comedians (Tim Brooke-Taylor, Graeme Garden and Bill Oddie), who created, wrote, and starred in a surreal British television comedy series called The Goodies during the 1970s and early 1980s combining sketches and situation comedy.", "RD: “We’d been professional about six years and released four singles before our first hit with Crazy, which reached number 12 in March ’73. By that time, we were working with writers and producers Nicky Chinn and Mike Chapman and making TV appearances.”" ]	[ 5.60546875, 5.55859375, 3.44140625, -1.4443359375, -1.5712890625, -2.546875, -3.185546875, -3.275390625, -3.736328125, -4.12109375, -4.93359375, -4.94140625, -5.1953125, -5.97265625, -6.1015625, -7.08203125, -7.27734375, -7.3671875, -7.45703125, -7.68359375, -7.79296875, -8.1484375, -8.6640625, -8.6875, -8.6875, -8.734375, -9.671875, -9.671875, -9.7421875, -9.8828125, -10, -10.234375 ]
Fierce Creatures was the follow up to which successful comedy film?	[ "Fierce Creatures is a 1997 comedy film intended as a follow-up to the 1988 movie A Fish Called Wanda , with the same four stars: John Cleese , Jamie Lee Curtis , Kevin Kline , and Michael Palin. The plot centers on the fictional Marwood Zoo in England , which is taken over by the Octopus corporation. After a strict \"fierce animals policy\" fails, Vince McCain (Kline) devises corporate and celebrity sponsorships of specific animals, using the likenesses of Bruce Springsteen and Steve Martin , among others. A billboard display of Miss Piggy graces the zebra pavilion, though no precise rationale is given within the film. Piggy can be seen most clearly during the frantic sequence following an accidental shooting.", "Fierce Creatures is a 1997 farcical comedy film. While not literally a sequel, Fierce Creatures is a spiritual successor to the 1988 film A Fish Called Wanda. Both films star John Cleese, Jamie Lee Curtis, Kevin Kline and Michael Palin. Fierce Creatures was written by John Cleese, and directed by Robert Young and Fred Schepisi.", "In 1996, Cleese declined the British honour of Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE). The follow-up to A Fish Called Wanda, Fierce Creatures—which again starred Cleese alongside Kevin Kline, Jamie Lee Curtis and Michael Palin—was also released that year, but was greeted with mixed reception by critics and audiences. Cleese has since often stated that making the second movie had been a mistake. When asked by his friend, director and restaurant critic Michael Winner, what he would do differently if he could live his life again, Cleese responded, “I wouldn’t have married Alyce Faye Eichelberger and I wouldn’t have made Fierce Creatures.”[17]", "Though the film's sequel, Fierce Creatures also starred Cleese, Kline, Curtis and Palin, it was as big a bomb (both commercially and with audiences and critics) as Wanda was successful. John Cleese has said that making Fierce Creatures is one of his greatest regrets.", "Supporting actors from A Fish Called Wanda returning for Fierce Creatures include Maria Aitken (wife of Cleese's character in A Fish Called Wanda), his assistant in Fierce Creatures, Cynthia Cleese (daughter of Cleese's character in A Fish Called Wanda and Pip Small Mammals in Fierce Creatures), and Michael Percival (a barrister in A Fish Called Wanda and an antkeeper in Fierce Creatures). Tom Georgeson, who played George Thomason in \"Wanda\", also made a brief cameo as a zoo visitor watching the sealion display.", "Has appeared with John Cleese in Silverado (1985), A Fish Called Wanda (1988) and Fierce Creatures (1997). He would later appear in The Pink Panther (2006), but was replaced in the sequel by none other than Cleese. His castmate in that film is Steve Martin , with whom he previously appeared in Grand Canyon (1991). Kline went on to appear on stage as Cyrano de Bergerac, while Martin played a modern Cyrano-like character in Roxanne (1987).", "The principal cast reunited in 1997 for Fierce Creatures (dubbed an \"equal\" rather than a sequel or prequel, by Kline), playing different roles. Fierce Creatures was not as well received by critics or audiences as A Fish Called Wanda was. ", "The film was nominated for three Academy Awards including Best Director and Best Original Screenplay, winning Best Supporting Actor for Kline. Cleese and Palin won BAFTA Awards for Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor for their performances. A spiritual sequel named Fierce Creatures, with different story and characters but with the same cast and similarities in its tone and humor, was released in 1997.", "Cleese once said that his two biggest regrets in his life were marrying his third wife and making fierce Creatures. I can say to Mr Cleese now that Fierce Creatures is nothing to be embarrassed about it's a great and funny movie and one he should be proud of.", "This movie is a bit of a forgotten gem featuring the same main cast from A Fish Called Wanda, but with different characters in a different setting. When a large American corporation takes over a small British zoo, shenanigans follow when the new director decides the best way to increase the number of visitors (and profits) is to only feature \"fierce animals.\" The keepers go to extreme lengths to save the zoo and their beloved furry friends who don't fall under the category of \"fierce.\"", "Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance), commonly known simply as Birdman, is a 2014 American satirical black comedy-drama film directed by Alejandro G. Iñárritu. It was written by Iñárritu, Nicolás Giacobone, Alexander Dinelaris Jr., and Armando Bo. The film stars Michael Keaton with a supporting cast of Zach Galifianakis, Edward Norton, Andrea Riseborough, Amy Ryan, Emma Stone, and Naomi Watts. The story follows Riggan Thomson (Keaton), a faded Hollywood actor best known for playing the superhero \"Birdman\", as he struggles to mount a Broadway adaptation of a short story by Raymond Carver.", "Madagascar is a 2005 American computer-animated comedy film produced by DreamWorks Animation, and released in theaters on May 27, 2005. The film tells the story of four Central Park Zoo animals who have spent their lives in blissful captivity and are unexpectedly shipped back to Africa, getting shipwrecked on the island of Madagascar. The voices of Ben Stiller, Jada Pinkett Smith, Chris Rock, and David Schwimmer are featured. Other voices include Sacha Baron Cohen, Cedric the Entertainer, and Andy Richter.", "DIRECTOR: Justin Theroux GENRES: Comedy, Sequel CAST: Owen Wilson, Ben Stiller, Will Ferrell, Christine Taylor, Penelope Cruz, Billy Zane", "The film marks the first live-action directorial effort for New Zealander Andrew Adamson (the Oscar®-winning \"Shrek,\" \"Shrek 2\"), who also co-wrote the screenplay adaptation with Emmy Award-winner Ann Peacock (HBO's \"A Lesson Before Dying\") and scribes Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely. The film is produced by Academy Award®-winning filmmaker Mark Johnson and Philip Steuer.", "HoRRiBlE BoSSES 2HH1/2 how do the victims of horrible bosses fare when they become their own bosses? Our put-upon heroes (Jason bateman, Jason Sudeikis and charlie day) find out in this sequel to the hit comedy from director Sean anders (That’s My Boy). with Jennifer aniston and Kevin Spacey. (108 min, R; reviewed by M.h. 12/3) tHE HUNgER gAmES: mockiNgJAY, pARt 1HHH1/2 Rebellion against the regime breaks out into the open, with Katniss (Jennifer lawrence) as its symbol, in the first half of the last installment of the film adaptation of Suzanne collins’ ya saga. with Josh hutcherson, liam hemsworth, Julianne Moore and woody harrelson. francis lawrence returns as director. (123 min, Pg-13)", "Ben Stiller's dim-witted supermodel must step back into the spotlight and save the day when someone starts murdering pop stars. Comedy sequel with Owen Wilson. (2016)(98 mins) Also in HD", "Cameron Diaz (Natalie Cook), Drew Barrymore (Dylan Sanders), Lucy Liu (Alex Munday), Bernie Mac (Jimmy Bosley), Crispin Glover (Thin Man), Justin Theroux (Seamus O`Grady), Robert Patrick (Ray Carter), Demi Moore (Madison Lee), Rodrigo Santoro (Randy Emmers), Shia LaBeouf (Max), Matt LeBlanc (Jason), Luke Wilson (Pete), John Cleese (Mr. Munday), Ja`net DuBois (Momma Bosley), Cheung-Yan Yuen (Deranged Mongol), ï¿½Chris Pontius (Irish Henchman), Pink (Coal Bowl Starter), John Forsythe (Charles Townsend (voice)), Bruce Willis (William Rose Bailey (uncredited)), Ashley Olsen (Future Angel (uncredited)), Mary-Kate Olsen (Future Angel (uncredited))", "Mean Girls is a 2004 American teen comedy film directed by Mark Waters and written by Tina Fey. The film is based in part on Rosalind Wiseman's non-fiction self-help book Queen Bees and Wannabes, which describes female high school social cliques and the damaging effects they can have on girls.", "The success of Jack Black 's 2008 martial arts-meet-spongy mammal movie set into motion its inevitable -- and even more profitable -- sequel. ", "A Fish Called Wanda is a 1988 crime-comedy film written by John Cleese and Charles Crichton. It was directed by Crichton and an uncredited Cleese, and stars Cleese, Jamie Lee Curtis, Kevin Kline and Michael Palin. The film is about a jewel heist and its aftermath. Kline won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance as Otto.", "Directed by Rob Reiner. Starring Cary Elwes, Robin Wright, Mandy Patinkin, Peter Falk, Fred Savage, Chris Sarandon, Billy Crystal, Andre the Giant.", "Directed by Stephen Sommers. Starring Anton Yelchin, Willem Dafoe, Addison Timlin, Patton Oswalt, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Matthew Page, Jack Justice.", "Spiritual Successor : Two Rode Together , which is basically The Searchers revisited as a black comedy. Henry Brandon even plays a Scar-like Indian chief.", "Cutthroat Island is a 1995 romantic comedy action adventure film directed by Renny Harlin and written by Robert King and Marc Norman based on a story by Michael Frost Beckner, James Gorman, Bruce A. Evans, and Raymond Gideon. It stars Geena Davis, Matthew Modine, and Frank Langella. The film is an international co-production among companies in the United States, France, Germany, and Italy.", "co-writer/director Benh Zeitlin's independent hit from Fox Searchlight, Beasts of the Southern Wild (with 4 nominations and no wins), a fantasy film about a young 5 year-old girl named Hushpuppy (Quvenzhané Wallis), living and caring for her unhealthy, hot-headed father Wink in the rising waters of the delta bayou community known as the \"Bathtub.\" [Note: Opening in theaters last June and a hit at Sundance, it was the only Best Picture nominee released before the fall and holiday movie seasons.]", "In 2004, Tina Fey called upon Saturday Night Live creator Lorne Michaels to produce a film version of Rosalind Wiseman’s book Queen Bees and Wannabes, and Michaels got in touch with Paramount Pictures to acquire the film rights. Although Queen Bees and Wannabes is non-fiction, Fey incorporated elements of her own high school experience into the screenplay.", "This particular film highlights Ben and Owen's strengths which is that they are great comedic actors with tremendous chemistry and they do a really good job.", "Best in Show (2000) is a roaring-funny parody of dog shows and especially of dog owners. Christopher Guest assembles a cast of exaggerated stereotypes in his best work since Waiting for Guffman. It's much funnier than the adolescent toilet humor that passes for comedy these days.", "The romantic comedy, released the following year, saw her play the ditzy girlfriend of a high school jock, a role in which Los Angeles Times found \"serious comedic potential\". In a particularly scathing review, the critic for Variety deemed her \"entirely undirected\", arguing that \"she needs to find a skilled director to tamp her down and channel her obviously abundant energy\". Read Less", "Powder is a 1995 film directed by Victor Salva, about a boy, nicknamed \"Powder\", with incredible intellect, telepathy, and paranormal powers. It stars Sean Patrick Flanery in the title role, with Jeff Goldblum, Mary Steenburgen, Bradford Tatum, Lance Henriksen, and Brandon Smith in supporting roles. The film questions the limits of the human mind and body while also displaying their capacity for cruelty, and the hope that humanity will advance to a state of better understanding.", "Wild Things is a 1998 American erotic thriller film starring Matt Dillon, Neve Campbell, Kevin Bacon, Denise Richards, Theresa Russell, and Bill Murray. It was directed by John McNaughton. In some countries the film was released as Sex Crimes. An uncut version, adding seven minutes to its runtime, was released on DVD in 2004 and includes a change to Kelly and Suzie's relationship. The film gained notoriety for featuring several sex scenes – in particular, one involving a man and two women simultaneously – that were more explicit than is typically seen in mainstream, big-budget Hollywood releases. It spawned several direct-to-DVD sequels that were released in 2004, 2005, and 2010. The film has a MPAA rating of R for \"strong sexuality, nudity, language, and violence\".", "Which two films, that each won best picture Oscar’s in the 1990s, have animals in their titles?" ]	[ 8.6953125, 6.5625, 5.1015625, 2.609375, 1.9951171875, 1.7197265625, 1.615234375, 1.5791015625, -1.482421875, -3.021484375, -4.41796875, -5.05078125, -5.58984375, -5.83984375, -5.8828125, -6.2734375, -6.578125, -6.80078125, -6.9453125, -7.015625, -7.03125, -7.296875, -7.44921875, -7.55078125, -7.65625, -7.86328125, -8.2578125, -8.28125, -8.4296875, -8.5859375, -8.6328125, -10.2890625 ]
In Greek mythology, what creature had a mans head, trunk and arms, and a horse's body and legs?	[ "There are many humanoids in the mythologies from around the world which are half humans and half horses. Centaurs are Greek mythological creatures with the body and legs of a horse and the head, torso and arms of a human. The female counterpart is a Centauride, which, in Philippine mythology, is presented as an Anggitay. Another version of the Greek Centaurs are the Ipotanes that also had the ears of a horse. The Greek Ichthyocentaurs have the upper body of a man, the tail of a fish and the lower front of a horse. The Islamic creature, Al-Buraq, the Hindu creature, Hayagriva, the Horse-Face of Chinese mythology and the Tikbalang of Philippine folklore are all humanoids with the heads of horses. Kinnara is half-human and half-horse, according to the Buddhist and Hindu mythologies in India.", "2.Centaurs :A centaur (from Greek: Kένταυρος) or hippocentaur is a mythological creature with the head, arms, and torso of a human and the body and legs of a horse. This half-human and half-horse composition were embodied in contrasted myths, both as the embodiment of untamed nature, as in their battle with the Lapiths (their king), or conversely as teachers, like Chiron.Centaurs were said to have inhabited the region of Magnesia and Mount Pelion in Thessaly, the Foloi oak forest in Elis, and the Malean peninsula in southern Laconia.", "A centaur (; , Kéntauros, ), or occasionally hippocentaur, is a mythological creature with the upper body of a human and the lower body of a horse. ", "Centaur A centaur was a beast half horse, and with the head, torso and arms of a man.", "In Greek mythology, the Minotaur was a creature with the head of a bull on the body of a man. He dwelt at the centre of the Cretan Labyrinth, which was an elaborate maze-like construction designed by the architect Daedalus and his son Icarus, on the command of King Minos of Crete. The Minotaur was eventually killed by the Athenian hero Theseus.", "Greek myth and legend is filled with a wide variety of monsters and creatures ranging from Dragons, Giants, Demons and Ghosts, to multiformed creatures such as the Sphinx, Minotaur, Centaurs, Manticores and Griffins. There were also many fabulous animals such as the Nemean Lion, golden-fleeced Ram and winged horse Pegasus, not to mention the creatures of legend such as the Phoenix, Unicorns (Monocerata). Even amongst the tribes of man, myth spoke of strange peoples inhabiting the far reaches of the earth such as the hopping Umbrella-Foots, the one-eyed Arimaspians, the Dog-Headed men, and the puny Pygmies.", "There are also dog-centaurs, deer-centaurs and the man-headed horse or the Gaelic androcephalous. Both Etruscans and Greeks sometimes painted pictures of an animal like the Centaur with the whole body of a human being that was awkwardly attached in different ways with the back or lower parts of that of a horse.", "Minotaur: Minotaur was yet another Greek mythical creature who inhabited the Cretan Labyrinth, typically characterized by the head of a bull and the body of a man.", "Centaur: In Greek mythology, the Centaur were creatures who were half-human and half-horse, who inhabited the region of Magnesia and Mount Pelion, Mount Pholoe and the Malean peninsula.", "In Greek mythology, a satyr (, ; satyros, ) is one of a troop of ithyphallic male companions of Dionysus with horse-like (equine) features, including a horse-tail, horse-like ears, and sometimes a horse-like phallus because of permanent erection. Early artistic representations sometimes include horse-like legs, but in 6th-century BC black-figure pottery human legs are the most common. In Roman Mythology there is a concept similar to satyrs, with goat-like features: the faun, being half-man, half-goat. Greek-speaking Romans often used the Greek term saturos when referring to the Latin faunus, and eventually syncretized the two. The female \"Satyresses\" were a late invention of poets — that roamed the woods and mountains. In myths they are often associated with pipe-playing.", "In Greek mythology, a satyr (,; satyros, ) is one of a troop of ithyphallic male companions of Dionysus with goat-like features and often permanent erection. Early artistic representations sometimes include horse-like legs, but in 6th-century BC black-figure pottery human legs are the most common. In Roman Mythology there is a concept similar to satyrs, with goat-like features: the faun, being half-man, half-goat, who roamed the woods and mountains. In myths they are often associated with pipe-playing. Greek-speaking Romans often used the Greek term saturos when referring to the Latin faunus, and eventually syncretized the two. (The female \"Satyresses\" were a later invention of poets.)", "(Greek mythology) A monster with the head of a bull and the body of a man.", " [Trans: The Manticore came into Greek mythology from Persia and probably originated in legends about exotic India. The animal had the body of a lion and a human head (with blue eyes and human ears), three rows of teeth, a stinging tail lined with poisonous spines that could be fired in any direction. Its voice was like a mixture of pipes and trumpets. It was fast and able to make great leaps. The disappearance of villagers was blamed on the manticore.]", "In Greek mythology, the Minotaur was a monster , half man and half bull , offspring of Pasiphae , wife of King Minos of Crete , and a bull. It lived in the Labyrinth at Knossos, and its victims were seven girls and seven youths, sent in annual tribute by Athens , until Theseus killed it, with the aid of Ariadne , the daughter of Minos.", "The Chimera (/kɨˈmɪərə/ or /kaɪˈmɪərə/, also Chimaera, Chimæra; Greek: Χίμαιρα Chímaira) was, according to Greek mythology, a monstrous fire-breathing creature of Lycia in Asia Minor, composed of the parts of three animals — a lion, a snake and a goat. Usually depicted as a lion, with the head of a goat arising from its back, and a tail that ended in a snake’s head, the Chimera was one of the offspring of Typhon and Echidna and a sibling of such monsters as Cerberus and the Lernaean Hydra.", "Pegasus (, Pḗgasos; Latin: Pegasus, Pegasos) is one of the best known creatures in Greek mythology. He is a winged divine stallion also known as a horse usually depicted as pure white in color. He was sired by Poseidon, in his role as horse-god, and foaled by the Gorgon Medusa. He was the brother of Chrysaor, born at a single birthing when his mother was decapitated by Perseus. Greco-Roman poets write about his ascent to heaven after his birth and his obeisance to Zeus, king of the gods, who instructed him to bring lightning and thunder from Olympus. Friend of the Muses, Pegasus is the creator of Hippocrene, the fountain on Mt. Helicon. He was captured by the Greek hero Bellerophon near the fountain Peirene with the help of Athena and Poseidon. Pegasus allows the hero to ride him to defeat a monster, the Chimera, before realizing many other exploits. His rider, however, falls off his back trying to reach Mount Olympus. Zeus transformed him into the constellation Pegasus and placed him up in the sky.", "CHIMERA: A Mythological monster variously described over the centuries. Most renderings show it with the body of a lioness, a tail that terminated in a snake's head, the head of a goat rising from the back at the center of her spine, and often shown vomiting flames. The Chimera was an offspring of Typhon and Echidna and a sibling of such monsters as Cerberus. It is said the Chimera was defeated by Bellerophon, hero of Greek mythology, with the help of Pegasus. Pegasus was a winged horse sired by Poseidon, and known as the Horse god. The Chimera challenged the hero to use bravery, strength and cunning in order to achieve victory. This fabulous beast represents triumph of good over evil and in medieval Christian art the Chimera appears as a symbol of the devil.", "Cerberus, in Greek mythology, a three-headed, dragon-tailed dog that guarded the entrance to the lower world, otherwise known as Hades. According to Horace, Cerberus possessed one hundred heads. Hesiod is content to give him fifty, but most sources agree that he had only three. The center one was that of a lion, while on one side was that of a dog, and on the other was that of a wolf. His shape was that of the dogs who haunted the battlefields in the dark of the night, feasting on the bodies of the fallen warriors.", "THE GORGONES (Gorgons) were three powerful, winged daimones named Medousa (Medusa), Sthenno and Euryale. Of the three sisters only Medousa was mortal. King Polydektes of Seriphos once commanded the hero Perseus to fetch her head. He accomplished this with the help of the gods who equipped him with a reflective shield, a curved sword, winged boots and helm of invisibility. When he fell upon Medousa and decapitated her, two creatures sprang forth from the wound--the winged horse Pegasos (Pegasus) and the giant Khrysaor (Chrysaor). Perseus fled with the monster's head in a sack and her two angry sisters chasing close on his heels.", "Homer described the Chimera as a monster with the body of an enormous goat, [3] foreparts of a lion, and the hind parts of a serpent [6] or a dragon. [1] Hesiod portrayed Chimera as a creature with three heads along her back: [6]", "Most people know Cerberus as the three-headed dog who guards Hades — both keeping the living out and the dead in. While the idea of hell's guarddog by itself is pretty badass, most representations forget that Cerberus (like so many mythological Greek monsters) is a hodgepodge of other animal parts: He has the the claws of a lion, a mane made out of snakes, and a serpent's tail. Cerberus was the offspring of Typhon and the Chimera, which are both worthy entrants on this list. A few living people managed to sneak past Cerberus, with help from magic music or drugged food, but only Hercules straight-up defeated the beast.", "Minotaur - a creature with a bull's head on a man's body or else a creature \"part man, part bull\", as Ovid puts it.", "Non-Human Head : In the original myths, the Minotaur only had the head of a bull, and the rest of its body was human.", "in Greek mythology a monster with a head of a woman, body and paws of a lion, and huge birdlike wings", "The Chimera or Chimaera was, according to Greek mythology, a monstrous fire-breathing female creature of Lycia in Asia Minor, composed of the parts of multiple animals: upon the body of a lioness with a tail that ended in a snake's head, the head of a goat arose on her back at the center of her spine.", "In Greek mythology, Argus Panoptes (Ἄργος Πανόπτης) or Argos, guardian of the heifer-nymph Io and son of Arestor, was a primordial giant whose epithet, \"Panoptes,\" or \"all-seeing,\" led to his being described with multiple, often one hundred, eyes. Argos was a faithful, alert, and benevolent being, employed by Hera primarily as a guardian and, at one point, as slayer of the villain Echidna . According to Ovid, to commemorate her faithful watchman, Hera had the hundred eyes of Argus preserved forever, in a peacock's tail.", "\"[Depicted on the shield of Akhilleus (Achilles) :] And there triumphant the Earth-shaker [Poseidon] rode amid Ketea (Cetea, Sea-Monsters): stormy-footed steeds [i.e. Hippokampoi (Hippocamps)] drew him, and seemed alive, as o'er the deep they raced, oft smitten by the golden whip. Around their path of flight the waves fell smooth, and all before them was unrippled calm. Dolphins on either hand about their king swarmed, in wild rapture of homage bowing backs, and seemed like live things o'er the hazy sea swimming, albeit all of silver wrought.\"", "He was further regarded as the creator of the horse, and was accordingly believed to have taught men the art of managing horses by the bridle, and to have been the originator and protector of horse races. (Hom. Il. xxiii. 307, 584; Pind. Pyth. vi.50 ; Soph. Oed. Col. 712, &c.) Hence he was also represented on horseback, or riding in a chariot drawn by two or four horses, and is designated by the epithets hippios, hippeios, or hippios anax. (Paus. i. 30. § 4, viii. 25. § 5, vi. 20. § 8, viii. 37. § 7 ; Eurip. Phoen. 1707; comp. Liv. i. 9, where he is called equester.) In consequence of his connection with the horse, he was regarded as the friend of charioteers (Pind. Ol. i. 63, &c.; Tzetz. ad Lyc. 156), and he even metamorphosed himself into a horse, for the purpose of deceiving Demeter.", "Which mythical creature has the body of a lion and the head of a human being?", "3. (Classical Myth & Legend) a fabled sea creature with the tail of a fish and the front parts of a horse", "1. (Classical Myth & Legend) a mythological sea creature with the forelegs of a horse and the tail of a fish", "Typhon is said to be really huge. Its upper body is human like and is said to be taller than a mountain. His bottom half comprised of large vipers that can reach far out in any directions." ]	[ 7.06640625, 6.72265625, 6.38671875, 2.97265625, 2.484375, 2.1484375, 1.71484375, 1.658203125, 1.265625, 0.74755859375, 0.63916015625, 0.60205078125, 0.56396484375, 0.52734375, 0.20068359375, -0.161376953125, -0.2353515625, -0.5166015625, -0.9599609375, -0.99462890625, -1.357421875, -1.5302734375, -1.5947265625, -1.734375, -2.150390625, -2.513671875, -2.986328125, -3.384765625, -3.421875, -3.427734375, -3.6328125, -4.7421875 ]
Hermit, spider and blue are all types of which creature?	[ "BLUE SPIDERS - also known as ‘gooty tarantulas’ and ‘peacock parachute spiders’ – these are now RARE – the exact numbers are unknown. They exist only in a small area of south east India. They have a highly painful, but non- fatal bite. ", "Most species have long, spirally curved abdomens, which are soft, unlike the hard, calcified abdomens seen in related crustaceans. The vulnerable abdomen is protected from predators by a salvaged empty seashell carried by the hermit crab, into which its whole body can retract. Most frequently, hermit crabs use the shells of sea snails (although the shells of bivalves and scaphopods and even hollow pieces of wood and stone are used by some species). The tip of the hermit crab's abdomen is adapted to clasp strongly onto the columella of the snail shell. Most hermit crabs are nocturnal.", "Hermit crabs live in shells and as they grow change to newer, larger shells. The largest species can live 30 to 70 years or more. They are great climbers and diggers, and fun to watch. Some species live under water, like marine crabs, and others on land. Most are aquatic, living in saltwater, and even the land ones must return to the sea to breed. There are many different colors, like red, brown, and purple, with varying patterns such as dots and stripes. They are scavengers and omnivores, eating dead things and plants.", "Description:Dwarf Blue Leg hermit crabs are one of the most popular scavengers in the aquarium trade. Known for their small size, beautiful colors and excellent reef combatibility, they are able to reach tight crevices and polish off the detritus and algae that bigger inverts cannot get to. They will scour the sand and live rock in search of food and leave the tank virtually nitrate-free. They make excellent tank cleaners and a great addition to your clean-up crew. They have bright blue striped legs with orange antennas.", "* The first group is the marine hermit crabs. These crabs spend most of their life underwater as aquatic animals, live in varying depths of saltwater from shallow reefs and shorelines to deep sea bottoms and rarely leave for land. As pets, several marine species of hermit crabs are common in the marine aquarium trade. They are commonly kept in reef fish tanks. Many species exist, with differing compatibilities and temperaments. They breathe through gills but they don't have to carry around their water to do so. Most can survive briefly out of water as long as their gills are damp. However, this ability is not as developed as it is in land hermit crabs. A few species do not use a \"mobile home\" and inhabit immobile structures left by polychaete worms, vermetid gastropods, corals, and sponges.", "* The second group, the land hermit crabs, spend most of their life on land as terrestrial species in tropical areas. Though even they require access to both freshwater and saltwater to keep their gills damp or wet to survive and reproduction or breed aquatic larvaes. Most of them belong to the family Coenobitidae. Of the approximately 15 terrestrial species of genus Coenobita in the world, the following are commonly kept as pets: Caribbean hermit crab (Coenobita clypeatus), Australian land hermit crab (Coenobita variabilis), and the Ecuadorian hermit crab (Coenobita compressus). Other species, such as Coenobita brevimanus, Coenobita rugosus, Coenobita perlatus or Coenobita cavipes, are less common but growing in availability and popularity as pets.", "The Brown Recluse Spider is one of the most misunderstood creatures amongst the ranks of spiders. Hu [...]", "Spiders appear in many different shapes, sizes, and colors, mostly depending on the environments in which they live. Some spiders exhibit bright colors to ward off predators or to camouflage themselves within their habitats. These spiders normally are not the ones that people need to worry about. A few of the more dangerous spiders are very dark in color. These spiders include the North American Black Widow Spider; two Australian species, the Redback Spider and the Mouse Spider; and the many types of tarantulas that are dark-colored. Other common black spiders are the Black House Spider, that inhabits residential areas in Australia; and various types of Jumping Spiders, which are found all over the world.", "Scorpions are members of the class Arachnida and are closely related to spiders, mites, and ticks. They are commonly thought of as desert dwellers, but they also live in Brazilian forests, British Columbia, North Carolina, and even the Himalayas. These hardy, adaptable arthropods have been around for hundreds of millions of years, and they are nothing if not survivors.", "*Spider. — An arachnid living by millions in Israel, where several hundred species have been distinguished. Its web affords a most popular illustration for frail and ephemeral undertakings (Job 8:14; Isaiah 59:5); in three passages, however, the translators seem to have wrongly written spider for moth [Ps. xxxviii (Hebr., xxxix), 12], sigh [Ps. lxxxix (xc), 9], and pieces (Hosea 8:6).", "It's natural enemy is \" The Turtle ,\" another ancient Macroverse dweller who, eons ago, created our Universe and possibly others. The Turtle appears in King's series The Dark Tower as Maturin, one of the Guardians of the Beam. The series suggests that It, along with the Turtle, are themselves creations of a separate, omnipotent creator referred to as \"the Other\" (who may be the entity Gan ). The Turtle and It are eternal enemies in a battle of creation against consumption. It may in fact be either a twinner of or the actual one of the six greater demon elementals mentioned by Mia in Song of Susannah , as the Spider is not one of the Beam Guardians. It arrived in our world in a massive cataclysmic event similar to an asteroid impact, in the place that would much later become Derry, Maine .", "A class field trip to a college lab includes a display of over a dozen genetically engineered “super-spiders.” One of these spiders, a red and blue one, escapes and bites Peter, somehow transferring its traits to him in the process. Fortunately, none of the other spiders escape to bite people and give them powers.", "The Goliath bird-eater Spider (Theraphosa blondi) is an arachnid belonging to the tarantula group, Theraphosidae. It is considered to be the second largest spider in the world (by leg-span it is second to the giant huntsman spider), and it may be the largest by mass. The spider gets its name from reports of explorers from the Victorian era, who witnessed one eating a hummingbird.", "Around 40,000 species of spiders, which are grouped into 109 families, have been identified from different parts of the world. A large number of these are found in tropical forests, where the climate is suitable and food is available in plenty. Spiders are found on trees, forest floors, in logs, and even along water bodies in these forests. The largest species is the Goliath bird-eating spider found in South American rainforests, with a leg span of 10 in. and weighing approximately 4 oz.", "The Goliath Birdeater (Theraphosa blondi), a tarantula that lives in Venezuela and Brazil, is the world's largest spider. It reportedly can weigh as much as 5.3 ounces and has a leg-span of up to 12 inches.", "Their bodies are greenish-white or gray with pincers that are often gray with light brown stripe. The right pincer is larger than the left and is three times longer than it is wide. The long-clawed hermit lives in the shells of mud snails, oyster drills or periwinkles. The body grows to about one inch (or less)", "In addition to accounting for over 90% of spider species, the Araneomorphae, also known as the \"true spiders\", include orb-web spiders, the cursorial wolf spiders, and jumping spiders, as well as the only known herbivorous spider, Bagheera kiplingi. They are distinguished by having fangs that oppose each other and cross in a pinching action, in contrast to the Mygalomorphae, which have fangs that are nearly parallel in alignment. ", "Another creature often called daddy-longlegs are actually spiders. These long-legged spiders are in the family Pholcidae. Previously the common name of this family was the cellar spiders but arachnologists have also given them the moniker of \"daddy-longlegs spiders\" because of the confusion generated by the general public. Because these arachnids are spiders, they have 2 body basic body parts (cephalothorax and abdomen), have 8 eyes most often clumped together in the front of the body, the abdomen shows no evidence of segmentation, have 8 legs all attached to the front most body part (the cephalothorax) and make webs out of silk. This is most probably the animal to which people refer when they tell the tale because these spiders are plentiful especially in cellars (hence their common name) and are commonly seen by the general public. The most common pholcid spiders found in U.S. homes are both European immigrants. Pholcus phalangioides is a uniformly grey spider with rectangular, elongate abdomen and is found throughout the U.S. Holocnemus pluchei also has a rectangular, elongate abdomen but has a brown stripe on the ventral side (the belly side - which is typically directed upwards since the spider hangs upside down in its web) which covers its sternum and is a stripe on the abdomen. These spiders are very common along the Pacific Coast. and into the southwest deserts.", "However there are ways in which they differ from wolves. The spiders are solitary rather than pack hunters, so they ambush their prey or chase it down over a short distance. Also, they hunt millipedes, not mammals.", "This species is one of the most well-known spiders in the whole world, and has been the subject of numerous scientific research papers. We have listed merely a few in our references section.", "These are smaller soft-bodied arachnids in the order Schizomida. Schizomids superficially resemble spiders. They are also similar to Whip Scorpions in appearance but are much smaller, generally less than 1/5th of an inch (5 mm) in length.", "Rubeus Hagrid : Seriously misunderstood creatures, spiders are. It's the eyes, I reckon, they unnerve some folk.", "There are many undiscovered species on Pandora as well. Patricia Tannis also mentions there are many species of bugs. Some of these bugs are the glowing green flies seen when approaching a skag pile or toilets.", "The Brazilian wandering spider , or banana spider, has repeatedly ranked as the world's most venomous spider in \"Guinness World Records.\" Fittingly, it belongs to the genus Phoneutria, which means \"murderess\" in Greek. [ Creepy! Amazing Photos of Spiders ]", "Orb weaver spiders are common spiders outdoors in gardens, fields, and landscapes. They are rarely found indoors. The orb weaver spiders make the familiar “typical” spider web of concentric circles and radiating lines. They range in size from small to large (1/8- to 1-inch long) and are found in a variety of colors, some being brightly colored. Orb spiders have large, swollen-looking abdomens, including some that are oddly shaped. Despite their large size and bright coloration, orb weaver spiders are not dangerous.", "He’s big, ugly and more importantly, he’s the most poisonous spider in the world… The Brazilian wandering spider, scientifically known as Phoneutria, is officially the most venomous spider in the world. The Brazilian Wanderer even received certification for its deadliness, as it’s listed in the Guinness World Records 2012 as the most poisonous spider in the world.", "Religious Beliefs. According to I-Kiribati mythology, the giant spider Nareau was the creator, followed by spirits ( anti ), half spirits, half humans, and finally humans. The anti were the most important figures in I-Kiribati worship before Christian missionaries arrived, and they remain respected in everyday life.", "Religious Beliefs. According to I-Kiribati mythology, the giant spider Nareau was the creator, followed by spirits (anti ), half spirits, half humans, and finally humans. The anti were the most important figures in I-Kiribati worship before Christian missionaries arrived, and they remain respected in everyday life.", "Web-spinning also caused the association of the spider with creation myths, as they seem to have the ability to produce their own worlds. Dreamcatchers are depictions of spiderwebs. The Moche people of ancient Peru worshipped nature. They placed emphasis on animals and often depicted spiders in their art.", "It has a leg span of up to 30 cm (1 foot), which has been championed as the world's biggest. Like any self-respecting legendary spider, it lives in a cave.", "In African mythology, the spider is personified as a creation deity Anansi, and as a trickster character in African traditional folklore. There are many variations of the name including Kwaku Ananse of the Ashanti in West Africa(his original name) and anglicized as Aunt Nancy (or Sister Nancy) in the West Indies and some other parts of the Americas. ", "Lethifold (XXXXX)- Also known as the living shroud, they are rare creatures only found in tropical climates. It looks like a large black cloak that glides along the floor at night, trying to find prey. They find sleeping humans and then suffocate them. They then eat them whole in their bed leaving no traces behind. One of the only ways to get rid of it is a patronus." ]	[ -1.0458984375, -1.103515625, -1.35546875, -2.16796875, -2.36328125, -2.66015625, -3.384765625, -3.75, -3.828125, -3.87890625, -4.19921875, -4.33984375, -4.765625, -4.78125, -4.8515625, -5.0078125, -5.1796875, -5.2109375, -5.5546875, -5.90234375, -6.078125, -6.125, -6.23828125, -6.44140625, -6.453125, -6.76171875, -7.06640625, -7.3046875, -7.53125, -7.5390625, -7.56640625, -7.6953125 ]
In which film did Robert De Niro play boxer Jake La Motta?	[ "Robert Anthony De Niro (; born August 17, 1943) is an American actor and a producer who has starred in over 100 films. He was cast as the young Vito Corleone in the 1974 film The Godfather Part II, for which he won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. His longtime collaboration with director Martin Scorsese earned him the Academy Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of Jake La Motta in the 1980 film Raging Bull. He received the AFI Life Achievement Award in 2003, and the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award in 2010.", "Giacobbe \"Jake\" LaMotta (born July 10, 1921) is an American retired professional boxer and former World Middleweight Champion. Nicknamed \"The Bronx Bull\" and \"The Raging Bull\", LaMotta was a rough fighter, who although not particularly a big puncher, would subject his opponents to vicious beatings in the ring. With use of constant stalking, brawling and inside fighting, he developed the reputation for being a 'bully', and is often referred to today as a swarmer and a slugger. Due to his style of fighting, LaMotta often got as much as he was giving in an era of great middleweights; with a thick skull and jaw muscles, LaMotta was able to absorb incredible amounts of punishment over the course of his career, and is thought to have one of the greatest chins in boxing history. LaMotta's six fight rivalry with Sugar Ray Robinson is one of the most notable in the sport, with LaMotta winning just one of the bouts, although each one was close and LaMotta dropped Robinson multiple times. LaMotta, who has lived a turbulent life in and out of the ring, was portrayed by Robert De Niro in the 1980 film Raging Bull.", "Raging Bull is a 1980 American biographical sports drama film directed by Martin Scorsese, produced by Robert Chartoff and Irwin Winkler and adapted by Paul Schrader and Mardik Martin from Jake LaMotta's memoir Raging Bull: My Story. It stars Robert De Niro as Jake LaMotta, an Italian American middleweight boxer whose self-destructive and obsessive rage, sexual jealousy, and animalistic appetite destroyed his relationship with his wife and family. Also featured in the film are Joe Pesci as Joey, La Motta's well-intentioned brother and manager who tries to help Jake battle his inner demons; and Cathy Moriarty as his abused wife. The film features supporting roles from Nicholas Colasanto, Theresa Saldana and Frank Vincent.", "Raging Bull is a 1980 film directed by Martin Scorsese, adapted by Paul Schrader and Mardik Martin from the memoir Raging Bull: My Story. It stars Robert De Niro as Jake LaMotta, a temperamental and paranoid but tenacious boxer who alienates himself from his friends and family. Also featured in the film are Joe Pesci as Joey, La Motta's brother and manager, and Cathy Moriarty as his abused wife. The film features supporting roles from Nicholas Colasanto, Theresa Saldana, and Frank Vincent, who has starred in many films directed by Martin Scorsese. After receiving mixed initial reviews, it went on to garner a high critical reputation and is now widely regarded as one of the greatest movies ever made, along with the pair's other famed collaboration from that era, Taxi Driver (1976). It is one of three films that has been named to the National Film Registry in its first year of eligibility.", "Raging Bull is a 1980 film directed by Martin Scorsese, adapted by Paul Schrader and Mardik Martin from the memoir Raging Bull: My Story.It stars Robert De Niro (Academy Award - Best Actor) as Jake LaMotta, a temperamental and paranoid but tenacious boxer who alienates himself from his friends and family. Also featured in the film are Joe Pesci (Academy Award nomination - Best Supporting Actor) as La Motta's brother and manager, Joey, and Cathy Moriarty as his abused wife.", "The film plays on the famous boxing roles previously taken on by both actors, with De Niro playing real-life boxer Jake La Motta in 1980's Raging Bull and Stallone portraying Rocky Balboa in 1976's Rocky and its series.", "Robert De Niro (1981) – Robert De Niro faced movie greats such as Peter O'Toole and Jack Lemmon in the best actor category. De Niro had already won the best supporting actor Oscar for \"The Godfather: Part II,\" and academy voters couldn't help but hand him the best actor prize for \"Raging Bull\" -- especially since he gained nearly 60 pounds to play Jake LaMotta as an aging boxer.", "Robert De Niro must receive an honourable mention, however. Not for the \"You looking at me?\" moment in Taxi Driver (1976) - precisely because it is little more than a long moment, electric though it is - but for the extraordinary scene in Raging Bull (1980), when the washed-up, bloated boxer-turned-nightclub comedian Jake La Motta rehearses part of his routine. It is, of course, Brando's \"I coulda been a contender\" speech.", "De Niro finally convinced Martin Scorsese to kick his cocaine habit and return to filmmaking. The result was Raging Bull, the biopic depicting the life of the boxer Jake La Motta.", "2. Robert De Niro read Jake La Motta’s memoir Raging Bull in 1974 while making The Godfather: Part II and saw the story’s potential. It took four years of drafts, persuasion and pestering to get his friend and collaborator Martin Scorsese interested.", "In Real Life: The film is based on La Motta's 1970 autobiography, also entitled \"Raging Bull.\" La Motta coached and sparred with Robert De Niro (who plays La Motta in the film). La Motta's involvement in this less-than-flattering portrait may be puzzling to some, but in his autobiography he doesn't spare himself, either. After the film came out, La Motta said, \"When I saw the film I was upset. I kind of look bad in it. Then I realized it was true. That's the way it was. I was a no-good bastard. I realize it now. It's not the way I am now, but the way I was then.\"", "\"Raging Bull\" isn't the average, stereotypical underdog boxing movie, because it isn't really about boxing at all. Like most great movies, its focus is much deeper. It came out in 1980, earned Robert De Niro a Best Actor Academy Award, and was marked down as another solid triumph by director Martin Scorsese, whose previous 1976 outing with De Niro earned them both critical acclaim (and for De Niro, an Oscar nomination, although he would actually earn an Oscar for \"Raging Bull\" four years later).", "De Niro gained 60 pounds to play LaMotta, which was an all-time record at the time (later beaten by Vincent D'Onofrio, who gained 70 pounds for Stanley Kubrick's \"Full Metal Jacket\"). His physical transformation is on-par with any great screen makeover, especially the most recent, ranging from Willem Dafoe in \"Shadow of the Vampire\" to Charlize Theron in \"Monster.\" In addition, co-star Joe Pesci also lost weight for his role of Joey, LaMotta's short, eccentric brother. The greatest scene in the film is when LaMotta accuses his brother of having an affair with his wife. The tension is raw, the dialogue amazing, and the overall intensity electrifying.", "This film about the life of American middleweight boxer Jake La Motta is not easy viewing. We see the brutal 'sport' of boxing in all its bone-crunching, blood-splattering detail and La Motta was no Rocky - the fictional hero of the movie of just four years previously - but a foul-mouthed, wife-beating, sadomasochistic product of the rough Italian-American Bronx. That the movie is compulsively watchable is a triumph for Robert de Niro who gives an utterly brilliant performance that rightly won him an Academy Award. He totally inhabits the role, whether it is as the lean, fist-throwing fighting machine in one title bout after another or as the washed-up, pot-bellied nightclub 'entertainer' of later years (for which de Niro put on an incredible 60 lb).", "In a brief scene in 1964, an aging, overweight Italian American, Jake LaMotta (Robert De Niro), practices a comedy routine. The rest of the film then occurs in flashback. In 1941, LaMotta is in a major boxing match against Jimmy Reeves, where he received his first loss. Jake's brother Joey LaMotta (Joe Pesci) discusses a potential shot for the middleweight title with one of his Mafia connections, Salvy Batts (Frank Vincent). Some time thereafter, Jake spots a 15-year-old girl named Vikki (Cathy Moriarty) at an open-air swimming pool in his Bronx neighborhood. He eventually pursues a relationship with her, even though he is already married. In 1943, Jake defeats Sugar Ray Robinson, and has a rematch three weeks later. Despite the fact that Jake dominates Robinson during the bout, the judges surprisingly rule in favor of Robinson and Joey feels Robinson won only because he was enlisting into the US Army the following week. By 1947, Jake marries Vikki.", "The story is simple. Jake (De Niro), a promising prize fighter, and his manager brother, Joe (Pesci), make some deals with the mob along the way to get to the top. LaMotta marries Vicky (Moriarty). His low intellect, his jealousy and his unbridled appetites ultimately cost him everything. Even at the end he is unable to understand his part in his fall and continues to blame everyone else.", "This true tale of the Panamanian light weight boxing champ, Edgar Ramírez, 40: Roberto Durán (Sony's \"Vantage Point\", among an international cast of stars, ten years ago) who is coached by almost-over-the-hill coach of champions, Ray Arcel: Robert DeNiro. This boxing movie was filmed somewhere South of the Border and has authentic atmosphere. Rubén Blades: Carlos Eleta was the first fight manager to recognize the boy's talent at 16; he brings him to the attention of Ray. Arcel wants to promote professional boxing on TV, but is stopped by Mafia kingpin Frankie Carbo: John Turturro. The boxing sequences are interspersed with showing both how the poor and wealthy dwelt in Central America in the 1970-80's. While Durán's personal life shown may be partly fiction, his boxing status is legendary, especially his championship 1980 bout with Sugar Ray Leonard: Usher Raymond. He won 103 bouts with only 16 losses but won four world championship belts in four different weight classes!!, retiring at age 50. Directed and written by Jonathan Jacubowicz, who should have used more dramatic music for the fight scenes.", "Edgar Ramírez as boxer Roberto Durán and Robert De Niro as trainer Ray Arcel in “Hands of Stone.”", "Casino is a 1995 movie directed by Martin Scorsese, based on the book of the same name by Nicholas Pileggi and Larry Shandling. Robert De Niro stars as Sam \"Ace\" Rothstein, a top gambling handicapper who is called by the Mob to oversee the day-to-day operations at the fictional Tangiers Casino in Las Vegas. The story is based on Frank \"Lefty\" Rosenthal, who ran the Stardust, Fremont and the Hacienda casinos in Las Vegas for The Mob from the 1970s until the early 1980s.Joe Pesci plays Nicky Santoro, based on the real-life Anthony \"Tony the Ant\" Spilotro, an intimidating enforcer for the Chicago Outfit. Santoro is sent to Vegas by the bosses to make sure that money from the Tangiers is skimmed off the top and that the casinos and mobsters in Vegas are kept in line.", "Directed by Martin Scorsese. Starring Robert De Niro, Harvey Keitel, Richard Romanus, Amy Robinson, David Proval, Cesare Danova, David Carradine, Victor Argo.", "In the 1992 remake of Jules Dassin’s “Night and the City,” Robert De Niro played Harry Fabian, a lawyer of little repute who seeks to recreate himself as a boxing promoter. His “Rocky”-like quest for success supplants the original’s film noir theme involving a test of one’s moral strength.", "Director, Sergio Leone. Cast: Robert De Niro, James Woods, Elizabeth McGovern, Joe Pesci, Burt Young, Tuesday Weld, Treat Williams. \"Epic, episodic, tale of the lives of a small group of New York City Jewish gangsters spanning over 40 years. Told mostly in flashbacks and flash-forwards, the movie centers on small-time hood David 'Noodles' Aaronson (Robert De Nero) and his lifelong partners in crime; Max (James Woods), Cockeye (William Forsythe) and Patsy (James Hayden) and their friends from growing up in the rough Jewish neighborhood of New York's Lower East Side in the 1920s, to the last years of Prohibition in the early 1930s, and then to the late 1960s where an elderly Noodles returns to New York after many years in hiding to look into the past.\" [ Internet Movie Database ] 226 min. DVD 1682; vhs 999:3099", "In 1985, Ivan Drago (Dolph Lundgren), an immensely muscular 6-foot 5, 261-pound Soviet boxer, arrives in the United States with his wife Ludmilla (Brigitte Nielsen), and a team of trainers from the USSR and Cuba. His manager, Nicolai Koloff (Michael Pataki), takes every opportunity to promote Drago's athleticism as a hallmark of Soviet superiority. Motivated by patriotism and an innate desire to prove himself, Apollo Creed (Carl Weathers) challenges Drago to an exhibition bout. Rocky (Sylvester Stallone) has reservations, but agrees to train Apollo.", "In 1973, sports handicapper and mafia associate Sam \"Ace\" Rothstein (Robert De Niro) is sent to Las Vegas to run the Teamsters Union-funded Tangiers Casino on behalf of Midwest mafia organizations, that secretly control the Teamsters, while Philip Green (Kevin Pollak) serves as the mob's frontman. Taking advantage of gaming laws that allow him to work in a casino while his gaming licence is pending, Sam doubles the casino's profits, which are skimmed by the mafia before they are reported to income tax agencies. Impressed with his work, mafia boss Remo Gaggi (Pasquale Cajano), sends Sam's childhood friend and mob enforcer Nicholas \"Nicky\" Santoro (Joe Pesci) and his associate Frank \"Frankie\" Marino (Frank Vincent) to protect Sam and the whole operation. Nicky's volatile temper soon gets him banned from every casino in Las Vegas, so he gathers his own crew and engages in independent shakedowns and burglaries instead.", "Based on La Motta's autobiography, which was written with Joseph Carter and Peter Aavage, the screenplay by Paul Schader and Maardik Martin makes no attempt to glamorize the fighter's life. It's a downbeat study of a man whose only concern is winning the middleweight championship and whose unfounded jealousy and violent temper alienated everyone around him. There is only one brief moment in the film - when La Motta breaks down and cries after he has thrown a fight in order to get a chance at the championship - that the character is even the least bit sympathetic. Otherwise, he is totally unlikable. ", "An entertaining, highly-fictionalized sports biography of famous heavyweight boxer \"Gentleman Jim\" James J. Corbett (Errol Flynn). It followed his career from a poor, brawling Irish family, to a lowly job as a bank clerk, then an amateur boxer, and onto the professional level in the 1890s (\"the Naughty Nineties\") - in the early days of bare-knuckled boxing. Based loosely upon James J. Corbett's own autobiography The Roar of the Crowd. The film was set in turn-of-the-century San Francisco. He was known for using \"scientific\" boxing techniques - the first to \"dance\" around the ring with elusive footwork. He also found time to romance SF socialite love interest Victoria Ware (Alexis Smith), an ambivalent patrician belle who believed he had a \"swelled\" head, although she supported him. Boxing was being transformed from a lower-class, illegal sport with new Marquis of Queensberry rules - three minute rounds, one minute between rounds, a ten-count, and no hitting below the belt. The brash, extroverted, stylish and charming Gentleman Jim cheerfully challenged John L. Sullivan (Ward Bond) to an 1892 championship match, revealed in an exciting, action-packed sequence of 21 rounds.", "Frankie Dunn (Eastwood) is an expert trainer and manager who owns a rundown Los Angeles boxing gym. A curmudgeon protecting his private regret, Frankie still trains contenders, but doesn't seem to have what it takes to go for a title. His estranged daughter returns his letters unread, and he endures needling from friend and gym sidekick Eddie Dupris (Morgan Freeman), a wise former contender who has lost an eye but can still see what matters. Enter Maggie Fitzgerald (Hilary Swank), a scrappy 31-year-old waitress determined to have Frankie train her. Frankie at first refuses, but of course is won over by her grit, then by her knack for knocking people down. She's essentially a female Rocky, minus the slobbering masochism.", "In addition to Stallone, the film stars Burt Young as Paulie, Rocky's brother-in-law, and real-life boxer Antonio Tarver as Mason \"The Line\" Dixon, the current World Heavyweight Champion in the film. Boxing promoter Lou DiBella plays himself in the movie and acts as Dixon's promoter in the film. Milo Ventimiglia plays Rocky's son Robert, now an adult. It also features the return of two minor characters from the original movie into larger roles in this film: Marie, the young woman that Rocky attempts to steer away from trouble; and Spider Rico, the first opponent that Rocky is shown fighting in the original film. The film also holds many references to people and objects from previous instalments in the series, especially the first.", "In addition to Stallone, the film stars Burt Young as Paulie, Rocky's brother-in-law, and real-life boxer Antonio Tarver as Mason \"The Line\" Dixon, the current World Heavyweight Champion in the film. Boxing promoter Lou DiBella plays himself in the movie and acts as Dixon's promoter in the film. Milo Ventimiglia plays Rocky's son Robert, now an adult. It also features the return of two minor characters from the original movie into larger roles in this film: Marie, the young woman that Rocky attempts to steer away from trouble; and Spider Rico, the first opponent that Rocky is shown fighting in the original film. The film also holds many references to people and objects from previous installments in the series, especially the first.", "Scorsese, Martin Harvey Keitel plays Charlie, working his way up the ranks of a local mob. Amy Robinson is Teresa, the girlfriend his family deems unsuitable because of her epilepsy. And in the starmaking role that won Best Supporting Actor Awards from the New York and National Society of FIlm Critics, De Niro is Johnny Boy, a small-time gambler in big-time debt to loan sharks. This is a story Martin Scorsese lived, a semi-biographical tale of the first-generation sons and daughters of New York's Little Italy.", "Hilary Swank stars in Clint Eastwood's film as Maggie Fitzgerald, a blue-collar woman who believes she can make it to the top in the female boxing ranks. Much against his will, she persuades ageing trainer Frankie Dunn (Eastwood) to take her on, and with his sidekick Eddie \"Scrap-Iron\" Dupris (Morgan Freeman), he takes her to the top and a title fight. Which is when the film takes a very different turn and Dunn faces guilt and doubts that conflict with his strict Catholic beliefs.", "Directed by John Cassavetes. Cast: Ben Gazzara, Timothy Agoglia Carey, Seymour Cassell, Robert Phillips, Morgan Woodward. When the gambling losses of nightclub owner Cosmo Vitelli (Gazzara) mount, he is pressured by a gangster to commit a murder to free himself of the debt. Now he is caught in a dangerous game, where every move is a deadly risk, and the only goal is to survive. (Originally released in a 135-min. version in 1976.) 109 min. DVD 2990; vhs 999:2453" ]	[ 9.265625, 8.5234375, 8.328125, 8.0703125, 7.921875, 7.640625, 5.6875, 5.01953125, 3.7890625, 2.29296875, 1.6611328125, 0.42529296875, 0.16650390625, -0.849609375, -1.591796875, -1.732421875, -2.072265625, -2.134765625, -2.251953125, -2.345703125, -3.234375, -3.419921875, -3.849609375, -4.20703125, -4.6015625, -5.3125, -5.61328125, -6.47265625, -6.47265625, -6.47265625, -6.80078125, -7.046875 ]
Who won the PFA Players Player of the Year award after his first Premiership season in 2001/02?	[ "The Professional Footballers' Association Players' Player of the Year (often called the PFA Players' Player of the Year, the Players' Player of the Year, or simply the Player of the Year) is an annual award given to the player who is adjudged to have been the best of the year in English football. The award has been presented since the 1973–74 season and the winner is chosen by a vote amongst the members of the players' trade union, the Professional Footballers' Association (PFA). The current holder is Riyad Mahrez, who won the award on 24 April 2016 for his displays throughout the 2015–16 season, representing Leicester City.", "The Professional Footballers' Association (PFA) presented its annual Player of the Year award to Paul McGrath, a veteran central defender who contributed to Aston Villa's second-place finish in the Premier League. Manchester United's Paul Ince came second and Blackburn's Alan Shearer third. The Young Player of the Year award was given to Ryan Giggs, the 19-year-old Manchester United left winger who had also won the award in the previous season. Giggs, who finished ahead of Tottenham's Nick Barmby and Nottingham Forest's Roy Keane, became the first player to win the award more than once. ", "The first winner of the award was Leeds United defender Norman Hunter. As of 2013, only Mark Hughes, Alan Shearer, Thierry Henry, Cristiano Ronaldo and Gareth Bale have won the award on two occasions, and only Henry and Ronaldo have won the award in consecutive seasons. Of the five, only Shearer won his awards playing for two different teams. Although there is a separate PFA Young Player of the Year award for players under the age of 23, young players remain eligible to win the senior award, and on three occasions the same player has won both awards for a season, Andy Gray in 1976–77, Ronaldo in 2006–07 and Bale in 2012–13", "The Kevin Keegan era produced two winners of the PFA Player Of The Year award. with Les Ferdinand in 1995/96 and Alan Shearer the following season – what a strikeforce!", "If van Nistelrooy hadn't been injured in 2000 he would have been a Manchester United player a year early and won one more Premier League title. He did eventually sign for United on his 25th birthday on the 1st of July, 2001, for £19 million. He immediately made an impact and went on a run where he scored in eight consecutive games. He would end the season with 23 Premier League goals, was named in the Team of the Season and won the PFA Players' Player of the Year.", "28 March 1993 – Aston Villa's Paul McGrath is voted PFA Player of the Year. The Young Player of the Year award goes to Manchester United's Ryan Giggs for the second year running.", "More off-season problems marred the summer of 2001. In May, Terry Smith sacked Paul Beesley, Carl Ruffer and Wayne Brown - the top three players in player of the year voting - and provoked what was described as a \"playing squad united in open revolt\" by attempting to arrange a post-season fitness training camp. [2] Only a week after the sackings, Beesley, Ruffer and Brown were all reinstated ahead of a tribunal hearing over their alleged unfair dismissal; but the same day, the FA placed Chester under a transfer embargo for non-payment of the transfer fee for Tony Hemmings. At the start of June, club physio Joe Hinnigan was told he must re-apply for his job, and resigned. On 20 June, manager Graham Barrow was fired by Terry Smith in a phone conversation, and replaced by former Manchester United player Gordon Hill; in the meantime Paul Beesley was sacked for the second time in as many months. [3] By the end of June, fans were picketing the Deva Stadium in order to force Smith's departure as Chairman.", "Following speculation earlier in the year, [6] in February 2009, Giggs signed a one-year extension to his current contract – which was due to expire in June 2009. [7] After a successful season, Giggs was short-listed along with four other Manchester United team mates for the PFA Player of the Year . [7] On 26 April 2009, Giggs received the award, despite having started just 12 games throughout the 2008–09 season (at the time of receiving the trophy). This was the first time in his career that Giggs had received the award. [7] Prior to the awards ceremony, Alex Ferguson had given his backing for Giggs to win the award and stated that it would be fitting, given Giggs' long term contribution to the game. [7] Giggs made his 800th appearance for Manchester United on 29 April 2009, in the 1–0 semi-final win over Arsenal in the UEFA Champions League . [7] On 16 May 2009, Manchester United won the Premier League after a 0–0 draw against Arsenal, both United's and Giggs' 11th Premier League titles.", "Giggs has a number of personal achievements. Ryan Giggs was the first player in history to win two consecutive PFA Young Player of the Year awards (1992 and 1993), though Ryan Giggs did not win the PFA Player of the Year award until 2009. Ryan Giggs is the only player to have played and scored in every season of the Premier League and Ryan Giggs also holds the longest run of successive scoring seasons in UEFA Champions League history (11). Ryan Giggs has been elected into the Professional Footballers' Association Team of the Century in 2007, the Premier League 10 Seasons Awards Teams of the Decade, in 2003, as well as the FA Cup Team of the Century. Giggs holds the record for the most Assist (football) in Premier League history, with 271.", "On 26 April, Costa was chosen of one of two forwards for the season's PFA Team of the Year, alongside Tottenham's Harry Kane. Five of Costa's Chelsea teammates were also in the selection. Due to injury, he was due to miss the remainder of the season, in which Chelsea won the league title with a 1–0 home win over Crystal Palace on 3 May. However, he featured in their last match of the season on the 24th, replacing the injured Didier Drogba after half an hour against Sunderland. Seven minutes later, he scored his 20th goal of the league campaign, an equalising penalty in an eventual 3–1 home win. ", "2009: Ryan Giggs won the PFA Player of the Year award, made his 800th appearance for Manchester United, scored his 100th Premier League goal and was awarded BBC Sports Personality of the Year.", "The award is given in December each year to a British sportsman or woman, and is voted for by the public. Giggs is only the fifth footballer to win since the award started in 1954, the most recent being David Beckham in 2001.", "A 'Player of the Year' award has been presented since 1967 to recognise the player who has made the greatest contribution to the club over the course of the season. Initially organised by the Official Supporters Club the award was voted for by their members although it was presented as an official club award. In recent years the award has been presented at a gala 'End of Season' award ceremony and dinner, usually held at the end of April, and voting has been widened to include a broader section of the club's fanbase. The first winner of the award was long serving goalkeeper Alan Hodgkinson and the most recent recipient is defender Harry Maguire who has now won the award on three consecutive occasions, a feat only equalled by Phil Jagielka, who was presented with the award in 2005, 2006 and 2007. The player with the most award wins is striker Alan Woodward who was named winner on four separate occasions between 1970 and 1978. The longest gap between wins by a player is seven years; Keith Edwards had two spells with the club and won the award during both, in 1977 and 1984.", "It was perhaps the biggest controversy in PFA Player of the Year history. Despite Manchester United winning the Premier League, Champions League and FA Cup, it was Tottenham's French winger who was nominated as the best of the lot.", "After a second place finish in 2003 where he won the PFA Players' Player of the Year and still scored 24 goals, he went on to be part of the unbeaten Arsenal side known as \"The Invincibles\" that won the Premier League title in 2004, when he scored 30 league goals to once again win the Golden Boot and once again win the PFA Players' Player of the Year.", "David Robert Joseph Beckham, (; born 2 May 1975) is an English former professional footballer. He played for Manchester United, Preston North End, Real Madrid, Milan, LA Galaxy, Paris Saint-Germain, and the England national team for which he holds the appearance record for an outfield player. He is the first English player to win league titles in four countries: England, Spain, the United States and France. He announced his retirement in May 2013 after a 20-year career, during which he won 19 major trophies. Known for his range of passing, crossing ability and bending free-kicks, he was twice runner-up for FIFA World Player of the Year and in 2004 he was named in the FIFA 100 list of the world's greatest living players. ", "On 24 May 2001, Keegan returned to football as successor to Joe Royle at Manchester City, who had just been relegated from the Premier League. Keegan signed experienced international players such as Stuart Pearce, Eyal Berkovic and Ali Benarbia. That season, City were promoted as Division One champions after scoring 108 league goals. Keegan was the first manager in the Premier League era to win the Division One title with two different clubs.", "He played in his fourth FA Cup triumph on 22 May 2004, making him one of only two players (the other being Roy Keane ) to have won the trophy four times while playing for Manchester United. He has also finished with a runners-up medal three times (1995, 2005 and 2007). His participation in the victory over Liverpool in September 2004 made him the third player to play 600 games for United, alongside Sir Bobby Charlton and Bill Foulkes . He was inducted into the English Football Hall of Fame in 2005 in recognition of his contribution to the English game.", "He played in his fourth FA Cup triumph on 22 May 2004, making him one of only two players (the other being Roy Keane) to have won the trophy four times while playing for Manchester United. He has also finished with a runners-up medal three times (1995, 2005 and 2007). His participation in the victory over Liverpool in September 2004 made him the third player to play 600 games for United, alongside Sir Bobby Charlton and Bill Foulkes. He was inducted into the English Football Hall of Fame in 2005 in recognition of his contribution to the English game.", "He signed for Spurs in 1997, becoming the PFA Players' Player of the Year in 1999", "He played in his fourth FA Cup triumph on 22 May 2004, making him one of only two players (the other being Roy Keane) to have won the trophy four times, while playing for Manchester United. He has also finished with a runners-up medal three times (1995, 2005 and 2007).", "The award has been presented on 69 occasions as of 2015, with 60 different winners. On one occasion two players shared the award for a season. The table also indicates where the winning player also won one or more of the other major \"player of the year\" awards in English football, namely the Professional Footballers' Association's Players' Player of the Year award (PPY), Fans' Player of the Year award (FPY), the Young Player of the Year award (YPY), and the Football Supporters’ Federation Player of the Year award (FSF). ", "He also won the PFA Young Player of the Year in 1998 and was named in that season's Team of the Year.", "He was a key player in United's third successive league title in 2000–01 – only the fourth time that any club had achieved three league titles in a row. He scored nine goals that season, all in the Premier League.", "The Welsh winger, 36, is the most decorated player in English football with a record 11th Premier League winners' medal secured this year.", "Scored his first goal in English football against Arsenal in 2000. Becoming the youngest premier league scorer, but by the end of the year the record was broken.", "- Premier League Player of the Month (3): September 1993, 2006–07 FA Premier League Monthly awards, 2006–07 FA Premier League Monthly awards", "The midfielder won 72 caps for his country in a 10-year England career, and was a key member of manager Sir Alf Ramsey's \"wingless wonders\" team. A star for both Everton and Arsenal, he was awarded an MBE for his services to football in 2000.", "Premier League Player of the Month (5): November 1994, September 1998, August 2000, December 2002, October 2003", " Premier League Player of the Month (5): February 2005, December 2005, March 2006, October 2007, January 2010", "* Premier League Player of the Month Award (4): September 2003, April 2005, October 2005, October 2008", "Premier League Player of the Month Award (4): September 2003, April 2005, October 2005, October 2008" ]	[ 5.73828125, 3.544921875, 2.69140625, 1.54296875, 1.5400390625, 0.92138671875, 0.63720703125, -0.1893310546875, -0.192138671875, -0.6376953125, -0.66552734375, -0.81787109375, -0.853515625, -1.5068359375, -1.9951171875, -2.94921875, -3.390625, -3.453125, -3.53515625, -3.759765625, -5.34375, -5.34765625, -5.9296875, -6.59765625, -7.140625, -7.53125, -7.6796875, -7.765625, -7.78515625, -7.9296875, -8.171875, -8.6015625 ]
Brian Deane scored the first ever Premiership goal for which team?	[ "Brian Deane scored the first ever Premiership goal, for Sheffield United vs. Manchester United on the opening day of the 1992/93 season.", "The first ever Premier League goal was scored by Brian Deane of Sheffield United in a 2–1 win against Manchester United.", "Brian Deane scored the first goal in the English Premier League for Sheffield United against Manchester United after 5 minutes on the August 15, 1992. In the same game he scored a second after 50 minutes from the penalty spot as Sheffield United went on to win 2-1.", "In the opening season of 1992/93, 22 clubs competed in the competition, with Brian Deane of Sheffield United scoring the first goal in what was known at the time as the FA Premier League.", "Brian Deane made history on the opening day of the English Football Association Premier League 1992-1993 season scoring the very first Premier League goal for Sheffield United, who went on to beat Manchester United 2-1. Teddy Sherringham would be the first televised goal scorer on BSkyB's first Sunday broadcast showing Nottingham Forrest beat Liverpool Football Club 1-0 at home. Eric Cantona, who the previous season has inspired Leeds United to the title winning the 1991/92 English Football League Division 1 championship, scored the very first Premier League Hat-trick, this was during Leeds United's 5-0 win over Tottenham Hotspur.", "15 August 1992 – The new FA Premier League begins. The first goal is scored by Sheffield United striker Brian Deane in a 2–1 home win over Manchester United. Alan Shearer begins his Blackburn Rovers career with two goals against Crystal Palace in a 3–3 draw at Selhurst Park. In Division Three, debt ridden Maidstone United have their first game of the season cancelled and are given 48 hours to guarantee that they will be able to fulfill their fixtures for this season. ", "In 2001 he joined Leicester City, where he scored the first competitive goal at the Walkers Stadium, scoring both goals in a 2–0 victory over Watford. He then moved to West Ham United. Here he scored a last minute equaliser against Wigan Athletic on the final day of the 2003–2004 season. This goal sent Crystal Palace to the division one play-offs who ironically beat West Ham in the final. When Deane was brought on as a substitute in the match he received a standing ovation by both sets of fans. After the play-off final he ended up returning for a second spell at Leeds. He struggled to make an impact in his second period at the club but memorably scored four goals in a 6–1 thrashing of Queens Park Rangers in November 2004. ", "What footballing first did Brian Deane achieve whilst playing for Sheffield United against Manchester united on the 15th August 1992?", "Dean was born at 325 Laird Street in Birkenhead , Cheshire a major town on the Wirral Peninsula . It is on the opposite side of the River Mersey to Liverpool . Dean’s family on both his mother and father’s side hailed from Chester. He was the grandson of Ralph Brett, a train driver who drove the royal train during the reign of George V. Dean grew up as a supporter of Everton thanks to the efforts of his father, William Sr who once took him during the 1914-1915 title winning season.", "Manchester City Football Club is an English Premier League football club based in Manchester. Founded in 1880 as St. Mark's (West Gorton), they became Ardwick Association Football Club in 1887 and Manchester City in 1894. The club has played at the City of Manchester Stadium since 2003, having played at Maine Road from 1923. The club's most successful period was in the late 1960s and early 1970s when they won the League Championship, FA Cup, League Cup and European Cup Winners' Cup under the management team of Joe Mercer and Malcolm Allison.", "31 August 1999 — The first month of the league season ends with treble winners Manchester United looking well placed for retaining their league title as Premier League leaders with five wins and a draw from their first six games. Aston Villa are their nearest contenders, while Chelsea, West Ham United and Leicester City complete the top five. Sheffield Wednesday and Newcastle United, both winless, prop up the rest of the top flight, while Bradford City occupy the final bottom three position at the end of the first month of their first top division season for nearly 80 years. Ipswich Town are hopeful of making it back to the Premier League after five seasons away (during which time they have suffered three playoff disappointments) as they finish the first month of the season as Division One leaders. Stockport County have emerged as surprise contenders for a Premier League place as they stand second in Division One. The playoff zone is occupied by West Bromwich Albion, Manchester City, Birmingham City and Fulham.", "Notable sportspeople include Clive Sullivan, rugby league player, who played for both of Hull's professional rugby league teams and was the first black Briton to captain any national representative team. The main A63 road into the city from the Humber Bridge is named after him (Clive Sullivan Way). Nick Barmby played for Tottenham Hotspur, Middlesbrough, Everton, Liverpool, and Leeds United before returning to play for his hometown club Hull City. He also won 23 England caps and played in the famous 5-1 victory over Germany in 2001. Another footballer is Dean Windass, who had two spells with Hull City. On accepting a peerage, Welsh-born Baron Prescott of Kingston-upon-Hull (former MP and Deputy Prime Minister John Prescott) took his title from his adopted home city of Hull. ", "Blackburn Rovers are one of only three clubs who are founding members of both the Football League and the Premier League. The Lancashire club is also one of only four to have won the Premier League title since its creation in 1992.", "7 August 1999 — Wigan Athletic mark their first game at the JJB Stadium with a 3–0 win over Scunthorpe United in Division Two. The first Premier League games of the season include Chelsea's 4–0 home win over newly promoted Sunderland and Watford's return the top flight being soured by a 3–2 home defeat against Wimbledon. Bradford, meanwhile, mark their first top-flight game since 1922 with a 1–0 away win over Middlesbrough, in which Dean Saunders scores a last gasp winner.", "Preston North End (aka The Invincibles) become first club to win League Championship. John Goodall becomes football’s first superstar scoring 20 goals in 21 league games for the club.", "In 1924, a Birkenhead youth named William Ralph Dean , but known to fans as \"Dixie\", made his début at the age of 16. Dean was discovered by Jack \"Dump\" Lee, Rovers' trainer and earlier team member. He played just 30 games for Rovers, scoring 27 goals, when he fulfilled his boyhood dream and was transferred to Everton in 1925 for £3,000. In the season 1927-28, Dixie netted 60 League goals, a record unlikely ever to be broken.", "Preston North End took over from West Bromwich Albion at the top of the table in their second game on Saturday 15 September 1888 when they won 4-0 at Wolverhampton Wanderers with Archie Goodall scoring on his Preston debut. Albion also won 2-1 at Derby County but the victory gave them an inferior goal average while Everton were the only other club to secure maximum points from their opening two games. Both Blackburn Rovers and Notts County made their respective football league debuts. Rovers were held 5-5 by Accrington while Notts County lost 1-2 at Everton.", "In 1888, West Bromwich Albion were the first club to win the FA Cup with a team made up of English born players. Only 3 other teams have since achieved the same feat - 1958 Bolton Wanderers, 1969 Manchester City, 1975 West Ham United.", "Andy Cole was the first player to score five goals in a Premiership match, for Manchester United vs. Ipswich in the 1994/95 season. The final score was 9-0, which is also a Premiership record for the biggest victory/defeat.", "Two clubs won their first League titles during the 1970s: founder members of the League Derby County (1971–72 and 1974–75) and Nottingham Forest (1977–78), both clubs managed by Brian Clough and Peter Taylor. Nottingham Forest's title in 1977–78 turned out to be the last time a first time champion won the First Division title during The Football League era before the First Division clubs form the Premier League in 1992. The next first time League champion would be Leicester City in the 2015-16 season, the first during the Premier League era.", "The following month the Football League was formed. It consisted of six clubs from Lancashire (Accrington, Blackburn Rovers , Burnley , Everton and Preston North End ) and six from the Midlands ( Aston Villa , Derby County , Notts County, Stoke , West Bromwich Albion and Wolverhampton Wanders ).", "ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 1974 saw one of those goalkeeping performances where the natural laws of the universe seem to have been overcome.ï¿½ Gary Pierce in the Wolves goal made outstanding saves from a Manchester City forward line that reads like a ï¿½whoï¿½s whoï¿½ of British football in the 1970s; Summerbee, Bell, Lee, Law and Marsh.ï¿½ Wolves won 2-1.", "Luther Blissett finished the season as the First Division top scorer, before signing for Italian Serie A side A.C. Milan for £1 million at the end of the season. An FA Cup final appearance followed in 1984, although Watford lost to Everton. After guiding Watford to a ninth-place finish in 1986–87, Taylor left the club to manage Aston Villa.", "The club's first league match was played at Chatham Town F.C. on 2nd September 1899 (a 1-0 victory), followed three days later by the first match at Fratton Park against local rivals Southampton. That first season was hugely successful, with the club winning 20 out of 28 league matches, earning them runners-up spot in the Southern League. The league was won for the first time in the 1901/1902 season, by which time Brettell had been replaced by club captain Bob Blyth as manager.", "The winning team receives a silver premiership cup and a navy blue premiership flag with the exception of 1996 where a gold premiership cup was produced in celebration of the centenary season – a new one of each is manufactured each year. The flag has been presented since the league began and is traditionally unfurled at the team's first home game of the following season. The trophy was first introduced in 1959 and is manufactured annually by Cash's International at their metalworks in Frankston, Victoria. Additionally, each player in the grand final-winning team receives a premiership medallion.", "It soon became apparent that football would come to eclipse the cricketing side of the club. On 1 February 1868, Wednesday played their first competitive football match as they entered the Cromwell Cup, a four-team competition for newly formed clubs. They went on to win the cup, beating the Garrick Club 1–0 after extra time in the final at Bramall Lane. ", "* In the first three Premier League seasons, the league consisted of 22 clubs. This was reduced to 20 clubs for the start of the 1995/96 season and has remained at this number ever since. An asterisk () has been used on this page to indicate when a record has been impacted by the larger number of clubs for a particular season.", " Included in the Football League 100 Legends list to celebrate the centenary of the Football League in 1998", "On 8 August 1988, a testimonial match was held for Best at Windsor Park. Among the crowd were Sir Matt Busby, Jimmy Murphy, and Bob Bishop, the scout who discovered Best, while those playing included Osvaldo Ardiles, Pat Jennings and Liam Brady. Best scored twice, one goal from outside the box, the other from the penalty spot.", "On 8 August 1988, a testimonial match was held for Best at Windsor Park . Among the crowd were Sir Matt Busby , Jimmy Murphy , and Bob Bishop, the scout who discovered Best, while those playing included Osvaldo Ardiles , Pat Jennings and Liam Brady . Best scored twice, one goal from outside the box, the other from the penalty spot.", "1888 – The inaugural season of The Football League in England, the oldest professional league competition in world football (soccer), began with twelve member clubs.", "Champions of Football League for the first time (1930-31). Most goals scored in season - 127." ]	[ 10.296875, 8.3359375, 7.76171875, 5.76171875, 4.75, 4.53125, 1.439453125, 1.095703125, -0.255615234375, -0.255859375, -1.2958984375, -1.35546875, -1.7578125, -2.6015625, -2.625, -2.666015625, -2.794921875, -2.912109375, -2.943359375, -2.9765625, -3.046875, -3.087890625, -4.05078125, -5.03515625, -5.203125, -5.8359375, -6.29296875, -6.70703125, -7.0859375, -7.296875, -8.1953125, -8.609375 ]
Who was the top scorer in the first English Premiership in 1992/93, playing for both Nottingham Forest and Tottenham Hotspur?	[ "The top goalscorer in the Premier League's inaugural season was Teddy Sheringham, who scored one goal for Nottingham Forest before his early-season transfer followed by 21 for Tottenham Hotspur for a total of 22. Alan Shearer had scored 16 goals by Christmas before suffering a season-ending injury.", "Brian Deane made history on the opening day of the English Football Association Premier League 1992-1993 season scoring the very first Premier League goal for Sheffield United, who went on to beat Manchester United 2-1. Teddy Sherringham would be the first televised goal scorer on BSkyB's first Sunday broadcast showing Nottingham Forrest beat Liverpool Football Club 1-0 at home. Eric Cantona, who the previous season has inspired Leeds United to the title winning the 1991/92 English Football League Division 1 championship, scored the very first Premier League Hat-trick, this was during Leeds United's 5-0 win over Tottenham Hotspur.", "Teddy Sheringham was the new Premier League's top scorer with 22 goals. He scored once for Nottingham Forest and was then transferred to Tottenham Hotspur, opening his goalscoring account with the club by scoring 21 league goals.", "ON MAY 2, 1992, Gary Winston Lineker scored his final goal in English football as Tottenham Hotspur lost 3-1 to Manchester United. Following the game, players, managers and fans across the UK began to pay tribute to a man who had spent the last ten years terrorizing defences in both Spain and England; a man one goal shy of equalling Bobby Charlton’s goalscoring record for England; a man who had never received a booking in his entire career. For a decade, Lineker had been an English icon and now he was leaving the British Isles for pastures new.", "Indeed in the end Forrest where relegated signalling Cloughs retirement. The other two teams to be relegated from this first FA Premier League season were Middlesbrough and Crystal Palace, Joe Royals Oldham Athletic making a brave escape. The three teams relegated would be replaced by Swindon Town, West Ham United and Kevin Keegan's Newcastle United who had been crowned 1992-1993 English Football League Division 1 champions. The first football champions of the English FA Premier League were indeed Manchester United who by the end of the season amassed a 10 point lead over Aston Villa with Norwich coming in third. This was a remarkable achievement for United, what had looked like a season of mid-table mediocrity at one point ended in glory, Alex Ferguson purchase of Eric Cantona being the significant factor in this. An unusual football statistic was that the same two mid-table teams both took part in the two English Cup finals, Arsenal beating Sheffield Wednesday to the 1993 English FA Cup and the 1993 English League cup .", "Tottenham Hotspur Football Club is an English professional football club which plays in the Premier League.", "The 1992–93 season was Clough's 18th with Forest – and his last. They were one of the 22 clubs in the inaugural Premier League, but the sale of key players like Teddy Sheringham and Des Walker, and Clough's increasing battle with alcoholism, saw the club's fortunes take a sharp decline and they were bottom virtually all season. Just before a 2–0 defeat against Sheffield United confirmed the club's relegation after 16 years in the top flight, Clough announced his retirement as manager.", "The 1992–93 season was Clough's 18th with Forest – and his last. They were one of the 22 clubs in the inaugural Premier League, but the sale of key players like Teddy Sheringham and Des Walker , and Clough's increasing battle with alcoholism , saw the club's fortunes take a sharp decline and they were bottom virtually all season. Just before a 2–0 defeat against Sheffield United confirmed the club's relegation after 16 years in the top flight, Clough announced his retirement as manager.", "United broke the English transfer fee record over the summer of 1993 by paying relegated Nottingham Forest £3.75 million for Irish midfielder Roy Keane. United started the following season with Wembley glory, beating Arsenal on penalties in the FA Charity Shield after a 1–1 draw. Manchester United led the Premier League at the end of August, a lead they maintained all season. By the end of October, they were 11 points ahead and their lead peaked at 16 points in the new year. Despite a second round exit from the European Cup, they were on a strong run in the League Cup and after beating Sheffield United in the FA Cup third round on 9 January 1994, United now had their sights set on a unique domestic treble. The club then endured sadness later that month with the death of Sir Matt Busby.", "Clough's side retained the League Cup in 1990 when they beat Oldham Athletic 1–0; the winning goal scored by Nigel Jemson. There was chance for more success in 1991 when Forest reached their only FA Cup final under Brian Clough and went ahead after scoring an early goal against Tottenham Hotspur at Wembley, but ended up losing 2–1 in extra time after an own goal by Des Walker. In Forest's team that day was young Irish midfielder Roy Keane, who had joined the club the previous summer.", "Spurs 2 Luton Town 1 The game which turned the career of Paul Stewart at White Hart Lane.ï¿½ Stewart had been signed from Manchester City ï¿½1.7m as a strong, goal-scoring centre forward but he lost his confidence and goal-scoring touch.ï¿½ However, he responded to a crisis situation in this game and became a new man.ï¿½ Spurs were a goal behind and had two players sent off ï¿½ Nayin for comments to the referee and Pat van den Hauwe for a late tackle.ï¿½ This required a reshuffle and Stewart moved into midfield.ï¿½ It was the making of him as he scored both goalsï¿½ as Spurs went on to win from a seemingly impossible position.ï¿½ Stewart remained in midfield, played an important part in the F.A.Cup success, scoring the equalising goal in the Final and then went on to play for England before his transfer to Liverpool for ï¿½2.3m in the summer of 1992.", "21 September 1994 - Gary Lineker , England's second highest goalscorer of all time, announces his retirement from playing. Since leaving Tottenham in 1992, he has played for Nagoya Grampus Eight of Japan.", "Even more good news for the Premier League - five of the Europe's top 10 scorers play for top English clubs. Edin Dzeko of Manchester City comes in at second place after Gonzalo Higuain of Real Madrid with a minutes-per-goal ratio of 44.1. Sergio Aguero, Demba Ba, Robin Van Persie and Wayne Rooney all make an appearance on the list of most prolific scorers.", "Tottenham Hotspur Football Club, commonly described as Spurs, is an English football club based in Tottenham, London, that plays in the Premier League. The club’s home arena is White Hart Lane.", "20 November 1992 – Manchester United's seven-match winless Premier League run ends with a 3–0 home victory over Oldham Athletic. Midfielder Neil Webb leaves Old Trafford after three years and returns to Nottingham Forest for £800,000.", "Starting with the English Premier League top scorers that dates back to 1992 when the league pulled away from the Football League.", "• Spurs were the first English club to win a UEFA competition, Nicholson's men hammering Atlético Madrid 5-1 in the 1963 European Cup Winners' Cup final; Jimmy Greaves – England's all-time top scorer in top-flight games with 357 goals – netted twice. Tottenham then beat Wolverhampton Wanderers to land the inaugural UEFA Cup in 1972, becoming the first British club to capture two different UEFA trophies.", "When it comes to a top 20 list, many spots on the list can be debated, however this one surely cannot be. Alan Shearer is simply the most prolific goal scorer in Premier League history. ", "Although Cloughie's Nottingham Forest lost their last home league match of the 1992-93 season, marking their relegation from the Premiership, the Great Man's achievements could not be overlooked - and his fans were determined to show their love and gratitude. A policeman on duty at the City Ground that day remembers being on the pitch with Brian as supporters surrounded him.", "27 September 1992: Nick Barmby, 18-year-old attacking midfielder, makes his debut for Tottenham Hotspur in a 2–0 Premier League defeat at Sheffield Wednesday.", "David Robert Joseph Beckham, (; born 2 May 1975) is an English former professional footballer. He played for Manchester United, Preston North End, Real Madrid, Milan, LA Galaxy, Paris Saint-Germain, and the England national team for which he holds the appearance record for an outfield player. He is the first English player to win league titles in four countries: England, Spain, the United States and France. He announced his retirement in May 2013 after a 20-year career, during which he won 19 major trophies. Known for his range of passing, crossing ability and bending free-kicks, he was twice runner-up for FIFA World Player of the Year and in 2004 he was named in the FIFA 100 list of the world's greatest living players. ", "Clubs: 1978-85 Leicester City 216 games (103 goals); 1985-86 Everton 52 (38); 1986-89 Barcelona 138 (52); 1989-92 Tottenham 138 (80); 1992-94 Nagoya Grampus Eight 24 (8)", "* 23 April – Nottingham Forest win the Football League First Division title for the first time in their history. Their manager Brian Clough, who guided their East Midlands rivals Derby County to the title six years ago, is only the second manager in history to lead two different clubs to top division title glory; the other was the late Herbert Chapman with Huddersfield Town and Arsenal during the interwar years. ", "Alan Shearer, CBE, DL (; born 13 August 1970) is a retired English footballer. He played as a striker in the top level of English league football for Southampton, Blackburn Rovers, Newcastle United and for the England national team. He is Newcastle's and the Premier League's record goalscorer. He was named Football Writers' Association Player of the Year in 1994 and won the PFA Player of the Year award in 1995. In 1996, he was third in the FIFA World Player of the Year awards.", "Brady was at the peak of his Arsenal form by now, as shown by one of his best goals for Arsenal; having dispossessed Peter Taylor he flighted a looped curled shot from the edge of the penalty area into the top corner, in a 5–0 win against Tottenham Hotspur on 23 December 1978. During this time he was voted the club's player of the year three times, and chosen as the PFA Player of the Year in 1979. Being from the Republic of Ireland, he was the first foreign player to win the award.", "The English Premier League has been in existence since 1992. Since that time 20 players have managed to join what is called the Ton up Club for scoring 100 or more goals in the Premiership during their career.", "Apart from scoring Nottingham Forest’s first ever Premier League goal in 1991, he also became the third-oldest player to appear in an FA Cup Final when he played for West Ham in the 2006 final aged 40.", "105 Which player did Manchester United sign from Nottingham Forest in 1993 for the then record fee of £3.75m?", "Honours: FA Premier League championship winner in 1993, 1994 & 1996, FA Cup winner in 1994 & 1996, League Cup winner in 1985 & 1992, European Cup Winners Cup winner in 1991", "In 1987, he moved to Manchester United, with whom he achieved great success, winning the Premier League, FA Cup, Football League Cup and European Cup Winners' Cup. He also became the first English player of the 20th century to captain a team to the Double. Despite his success on the field, he was never selected to play for the England national team. Commentators and contemporaries have described him as one of the best English players of the 1980s and 1990s never to play for his country at full international level.", "3. Which Premiership footballer made his competitive debut for Nottingham Forest in 1998 and played for FC Haka, Ipswich Town and West Ham United before joining his current club in 2007?", "Who's the only player to score a hatrick in the Premiership, all three Football Leagues (whatever they were called), FA Cup, League Cup, and for his country?" ]	[ 6.0390625, 4.22265625, 3.712890625, 1.55859375, 1.330078125, 1.2119140625, 0.423583984375, 0.380126953125, -0.014862060546875, -0.74658203125, -0.84130859375, -0.84716796875, -1.10546875, -1.138671875, -1.2861328125, -1.32421875, -2.447265625, -2.501953125, -2.810546875, -2.90625, -2.96484375, -3.421875, -3.5078125, -3.5625, -3.685546875, -4.4921875, -6.265625, -6.92578125, -6.98828125, -7.29296875, -7.3046875, -8.03125 ]
After the 1994/95 Premiership season, which Tottenham Hotspur player became the first foreigner to win the footballer of the year award?	[ "In 1994 Sugar financed the transfers of three stars of the 1994 World Cup: Ilie Dumitrescu, Gica Popescu, and most notably Jürgen Klinsmann, who had an excellent first season in English football, being named Footballer of the Year. Because Spurs had not qualified for the UEFA Cup, Klinsmann decided to invoke an opt-out clause in his contract and left for Bayern Munich in the summer of 1995. Sugar appeared on television holding the last shirt Klinsmann wore for Spurs and said he wouldn't wash his car with it. He called foreigners coming into the Premier League at high wages as \"Carlos Kickaballs\". Klinsmann retaliated by calling Sugar \"a man without honour\", and said:", "The Football Writers' Association Footballer of the Year (often called the FWA Footballer of the Year, or in England simply the Footballer of the Year) is an annual award given to the player who is adjudged to have been the best of the season in English football. The award has been presented since the 1947–48 season, when the inaugural winner was Blackpool winger Stanley Matthews. The latest winner of the award as of 2015–16, is Jamie Vardy of Leicester City. Eight players have won the award on more than one occasion, the most recent being Cristiano Ronaldo, who won his second award in the 2007–08 season. Thierry Henry has won the award on the most occasions, having won three times in four seasons.", "Bale becomes the first Spurs player to win the award since David Ginola in 1999 and the first Welshman since goalkeeper Neville Southall in 1985.", "There have been many players who can be called notable throughout Aston Villa's history. These can be classified and recorded in several forms. The Halls of Fame and PFA Players of the Year are noted below. , Aston Villa, jointly with Tottenham Hotspur, hold the record for providing the most England internationals with 73. Aston Villa have had several players who were one-club men. In 1998, to celebrate the 100th season of League football, The Football League released a list entitled the Football League 100 Legends that consisted of \"100 legendary football players.\" There were seven players included on the list who had formerly played for Villa: Danny Blanchflower, Trevor Ford, Archie Hunter, Sam Hardy, Paul McGrath, Peter Schmeichel and Clem Stephenson. ", "Norman Hunter won it for Leeds in 1973-74, Colin Todd for Derby in 1974-75, Peter Shilton for Forest in 1977-78, John Wark for Ipswich in 1980-81, Kevin Keegan for Southampton in 1981-82 and Alan Shearer for Premier League winning Blackburn in 1994-95.", "Tottenham Hotspur's Gareth Bale has been named as the Football Writers' Association Footballer of the Year.", "A 'Player of the Year' award has been presented since 1967 to recognise the player who has made the greatest contribution to the club over the course of the season. Initially organised by the Official Supporters Club the award was voted for by their members although it was presented as an official club award. In recent years the award has been presented at a gala 'End of Season' award ceremony and dinner, usually held at the end of April, and voting has been widened to include a broader section of the club's fanbase. The first winner of the award was long serving goalkeeper Alan Hodgkinson and the most recent recipient is defender Harry Maguire who has now won the award on three consecutive occasions, a feat only equalled by Phil Jagielka, who was presented with the award in 2005, 2006 and 2007. The player with the most award wins is striker Alan Woodward who was named winner on four separate occasions between 1970 and 1978. The longest gap between wins by a player is seven years; Keith Edwards had two spells with the club and won the award during both, in 1977 and 1984.", "Wayne Rooney and Michael Carrick have both won the Premier League five times with United; Chris Smalling, Phil Jones, Antonio Valencia and Ashley Young have all won it at least once, while Bastian Schweinsteiger, Daley Blind, Marcos Rojo, Marouane Fellaini and Memphis Depay have been title winners overseas.", "The summer of 1988 saw the first £2million+ transfer fees paid by British clubs. Tottenham Hotspur signed 21-year-old PFA Young Player of the Year Paul Gascoigne from Newcastle United, before Everton swooped for high-scoring forward Tony Cottee from West Ham United. After spending an unsuccessful season in Italy with Juventus, Ian Rush headed back to Liverpool for a second spell with the club he had scored more than 200 goals from during his first spell there.", "Tottenham Hotspur, 75 (as of 26 March 2016)Vivian Woodward was Tottenham Hotspur's first England player in 1903, and the 75th was Danny Rose in 2016.", "• Tottenham set a record in their only UEFA Champions League campaign in 2010/11, a side featuring Luka Modrić, Rafael van der Vaart and Gareth Bale becoming the first team to score two or more goals in every group stage game. They beat AC Milan at the Stadio Giuseppe Meazza in the last 16 before bowing out to Real Madrid in the quarter-finals; the Merengues, subsequently signed Modrić and, in 2013, made Bale the most expensive signing in football history.", "Real Madrid winger Gareth Bale is one of the fastest sprints in soccer. Born and raised in Cardiff, Wales, Bale became the second youngest player ever to play for Southampton when he joined the team at 16 years old. The following year he would sign with Tottenham Hotspur, eventually winning awards for BBC Wales Sports Personality of the Year and the 2011 PFA Player of the Year. After signing with juggernaut Real Madrid in 2013, Bale played an integral role in helping the club to win the 2013–14 Copa del Rey and UEFA Champions League, scoring in both finals.", "The arrival of Chris Sutton for the 1994–95 season established a strong attacking partnership at Blackburn. Shearer's league-record 34 goals, coupled with Sutton's 15, helped the Lancashire club take the Premier League title from arch rivals Manchester United on the final day of the season, and the duo gained the nickname \"the SAS\" (Shearer And Sutton). After being asked by the press how he planned to celebrate winning the title, Shearer replied, by \"creosoting the fence\". Shearer also had his first taste of European football in the UEFA Cup that season, and scored in the second leg as Blackburn went out in the first round, losing to Trelleborgs FF of Sweden. His efforts for the club led to Shearer being awarded the PFA Players' Player of the Year for 1995.", "If you need someone o talk to your after dinner audiences about the Premier League, who better than its fifth top scoring player, Les Ferdinand. After an illustrious career playing for the likes of Newcastle, West Ham, Queens Park Rangers, Tottenham Hotspur and Bolton Wanderers, London born Ferdinand was made an MBE in the 2005 Queen’s Birthday Honours.", "As one of the best known and widely admired players in the recent history of the sport, his tally of 48 goals for England places him second only to Bobby Charlton. He played for England from 1984 to 1992, notching up 80 appearances and serving as captain from 1990 to 1992. At club level he played for Leicester City, Everton, Barcelona FC, Tottenham Hotspur and Nagoya Grampus Eight in Japan.", "* 13 October 2010 – Eddie Baily, 85, inside-forward who made 419 league appearances for Tottenham Hotspur, Port Vale, Nottingham Forest, and Leyton Orient, and the England national team; part of the Spurs 1950–51 League winning side. ", "In international football, Beckham made his England debut on 1 September 1996, at the age of 21. He was made captain from 15 November 2000[10] until the 2006 FIFA World Cup finals,[11] during which he played 58 times. He earned a much-publicised hundredth cap against France on 26 March 2008,[12] and became the all-time outfield player appearance record holder on 28 March 2009 when he surpassed Bobby Moore’s total of 108 caps.[5] With 115 career appearances to date he has stated that does not intend to retire from international football, having missed the 2010 World Cup through injury and not featuring in England manager Fabio Capello’s post-World Cup plans.[13]", "This was soon to be the least of Tottenham's worries, as the Football Association announced that they were investigating financial irregularities which had occurred at the club during the 1980s under the chairmanship of Irving Scholar . The hammer blow was delivered when Tottenham were found guilty on all the charges and received the heaviest punishment ever imposed on an English club; they were fined £600,000 as well as having 12 league points deducted for the 1994-95 season and being banned from that season's FA Cup. Chairman Alan Sugar quickly appealed against the ruling, backing up his argument with the fact that the people responsible were no longer at the club.", "The Deal: In a rather surprising move in the summer of 1994, the German international moved from AS Monaco to Tottenham Hotspur for a fee of £2 million. ", "During the 1993-94 season, many players were transferred between Premier League clubs for seven-figure fees exceeding £1 million. They included David White ( Manchester City to Leeds United ), David Rocastle (Leeds United to Manchester City), Roy Wegerle ( Blackburn Rovers to Coventry City ) and Tim Flowers ( Southampton to Blackburn Rovers). At £2.5 million, Flowers became the most expensive goalkeeper in English football.", "Named Football Writers’ Association Player of the Year in 1994 and the PFA Player of the Year in 1995, Shearer is one of the greatest footballers England has produced.", "Third on Actim Stats went to Berbatov, a great result for a player who was injured for part of the season. I look forward to seeing Berbatov in his second season in the EPL, he's been real quality for Tottenham.", "Sutton became the most expensive player in English football in July 1994 when he joined Rovers from Norwich City for �5 million. Alongside Shearer, they were known as the \"SAS\" and his 15 goals along with Shearer's 34 went a long way to clinch the club's first league title since 1914. Injuries and a loss of form saw Sutton restricted to just 13 league appearances the following season but the 1997-98 yielded 18 goals, making him the Premier League's joint top goalscorer. He joined Chelsea for �10 million in 1999 in what proved to be a disastrous career move and was sold to Celtic for �6 million in the summer of 2000. Sutton won a host of trophies and accolades during six years in Scotland including three league titles, three Scottish Cups, one Scottish League Cup and SPFA Player of the Year in 2004. He joined Birmingham City in January 2006 and then Aston Villa that October but retired in the summer of 2007 due to an eye injury. Sutton was appointed manager of Lincoln City in September 2009 but left his post a year later due to family reasons.", "Alan Shearer OBE, DL is a retired English footballer. He played as a striker in the top level of English league football for Southampton, Blackburn Rovers, Newcastle United and for the England national team. He is also, currently the leading goal scorer in English Premier League history.", "After an impressive start to the 1994-1995 season with 12 Premier League goals, he was involved in an incident in a match against Crystal Palace , when he was sent off for kung-fu kicking a Palace fan in the chest . He was then given an eight match ban, which meant he would miss the rest of the season and United would miss out on the Premier League. This all led to this legendary interview .", "Alan Shearer OBE (born 13 August 1970) is an English footballer whose prowess saw him score a hat-trick in his professional debut in 1988 while playing for Southampton.", "Honours: FA Premier League championship winner in 1993, 1994 & 1996, FA Cup winner in 1994 & 1996, League Cup winner in 1985 & 1992, European Cup Winners Cup winner in 1991", "Now: Won the FA Cup with Tottenham in 1991 and ended his career with an injury-hit spell in Japan. Now presents Match of the Day.", "5 May 2010: Tottenham Hotspur win 1–0 at Manchester City to seal a Champions League place and take Liverpool's place in the \"big four\". It is Tottenham's highest finish in 20 years and they will be their first European Cup campaign for 49 years and only their second since the competition's inception.", "1. Which Premiership footballer made his competitive debut for Welling United in 1993 and played for Birmingham City, Notts County and Fulham before joining his current club in 2003?", "He also played for Club Atlético Belgrano and Huracán. After the 1978 World Cup he moved to England to play for Tottenham where he spent ten seasons.", "Q Who was the last English footballer (in 1996) to be the subject of a world record transfer fee?" ]	[ 2.03515625, 1.6025390625, 1.58984375, 0.49951171875, 0.428955078125, 0.416748046875, -0.452880859375, -0.91015625, -1.0859375, -1.345703125, -2.203125, -2.66015625, -2.791015625, -2.814453125, -3.099609375, -3.376953125, -3.41796875, -3.880859375, -3.97265625, -4.06640625, -4.25390625, -4.52734375, -4.7734375, -4.94921875, -5.12890625, -5.79296875, -7.02734375, -7.58984375, -7.66796875, -8.0078125, -8.078125, -8.1484375 ]
Which team won the first English Premiership in 1992/93?	[ "In 1992–93, the inaugural season of the English Premier League, Norwich City led the league for much of the season, having been among the pre-season favourites for relegation, and were eight points clear of the field shortly before Christmas, before faltering in the final weeks to finish third behind the champions, Manchester United, and Aston Villa.", "The league held its first season in 1992–93 and was originally composed of 22 clubs. The first ever Premier League goal was scored by Brian Deane of Sheffield United in a 2–1 win against Manchester United. The 22 inaugural members of the new Premier League were Arsenal, Aston Villa, Blackburn Rovers, Chelsea, Coventry City, Crystal Palace, Everton, Ipswich Town, Leeds United, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United, Middlesbrough, Norwich City, Nottingham Forest, Oldham Athletic, Queens Park Rangers, Sheffield United, Sheffield Wednesday, Southampton, Tottenham Hotspur, and Wimbledon. Luton Town, Notts County and West Ham United were the three teams relegated from the old first division at the end of the 1991–92 season, and did not take part in the inaugural Premier League season.", "The new league came into force for the 1992–93 season. Its first champions were Manchester United, who ended their 26-year wait for a top division title, while Aston Villa came second and Norwich City third.", "Rules stipulating a maximum wage for players were abolished in 1961. This resulted in a shift of power towards bigger clubs. Financial considerations became an even bigger influence from 1992, when the teams then in the First Division defected to form the FA Premier League. This supplanted the Football League First Division as the highest level of football in England, and due to a series of progressively larger television contracts, put wealth into the hands of top flight clubs in a hitherto unprecedented manner. The first five champions in the Premier League era - Arsenal, Blackburn Rovers, Chelsea, Manchester City and Manchester United - had all won the title at least once prior to 1992. Leicester City were crowned champions for the first time in 2016, becoming the first and to date only team to win the Premier League without having previously won the First Division.", "Brian Deane of Sheffield United was the first goal scorer of the Premiership when he scored in the 5th minute to give the Blades a 1-0 lead against Manchester United on 15 August 1992 during the 1992-1993 English Premier League season. Sheffield United eventually won the match 2-1.", "The English Premier League formed as the FA Premier League on 20 February 1992 following the decision of clubs in the Football League First Division to break away from The Football League, which was originally founded in 1888, and take advantage of a lucrative television rights deal. A total of 43 clubs have competed in the Premier League since 1992, but only four have won the title: Manchester United, Blackburn Rovers, Arsenal, and Chelsea. The current champions are Manchester United, who won their eleventh Premier League title in the 2008–09 season, the most of any Premier League team.", "While 47 clubs have competed since the inception of the Premier League in 1992, only six have won the title: Manchester United (13), Chelsea (4), Arsenal (3), Manchester City (2), Blackburn Rovers and Leicester City (1). The current champions are Leicester City, who won the title in 2015–16.", "The first champions of the new Premier League were Manchester United, who ended their 26-year wait for a top division title in dramatic style. After some disappointing results in the opening months of the season, the arrival of French striker Eric Cantona from Leeds United in late November signalled a turnaround for Alex Ferguson's men, who only lost two more league games all season and finished as champions by a 10-point margin above their nearest contenders Aston Villa, managed by Ferguson's predecessor as United manager Ron Atkinson. Finishing in third place were a Norwich City side who had been among the pre-season favourites for relegation, but had instead spent the season chasing the title and actually leading the league more than once. Newly promoted Blackburn Rovers, in the top flight for the first time since the 1960s, finished fourth, their title challenge having slowed down after top scorer Alan Shearer was ruled out for the second half of the season with injury. Fifth placed QPR were the highest place of the London sides, although 10th placed Arsenal did manage to win a unique double of the FA Cup and League Cup, defeating Sheffield Wednesday in both finals.", "31 October 1992 – October ends with Blackburn Rovers top of the league on goal difference ahead of Norwich City. Queens Park Rangers are two places and four points off the top. Nottingham Forest and Crystal Palace occupy the bottom two positions, while Liverpool are just six places and three places clear of the relegation zone. Newcastle United remain top of Division One with 11 wins from their opening 13 games, with Swindon Town second in the table. Leicester City, West Ham United, Tranmere Rovers and Wolverhampton Wanderers occupying the playoff zone. Derby County's terrible start to the season has given way to a good recovery and they now stand 10th in the league. There has been no such luck for Bristol Rovers, who stand bottom of Division 1, joined in the relegation zone by Southend (23rd) and a Luton Town side fighting a second successive relegation. ", "31 January 1993 – January ends with Norwich City still top of the Premiership, but with their lead over Manchester United now down to a single point. Aston Villa and Ipswich Town are continuing to keep up the pressure, but Blackburn Rovers have slumped to fifth place. Nottingham Forest and Oldham Athletic hold the bottom two places, with Sheffield United still occupying the final relegation position. The Division One promotion chase is still led by runaway leaders Newcastle United, whose nearest challenge is from a West Ham United side who are 11 points behind them with a game in hand. Millwall, Tranmere Rovers, Portsmouth and Leicester City occupy the playoff zone. The division's bottom two clubs, Luton Town and Notts County, are under serious threat of a second successive relegation, joined in the bottom three by a Southend United side who spent much of last season challenging for promotion to the Premier League. ", "In the opening season of 1992/93, 22 clubs competed in the competition, with Brian Deane of Sheffield United scoring the first goal in what was known at the time as the FA Premier League.", "In his first 18 months in charge, Atkinson bought Earl Barrett, Dean Saunders, Andy Townsend, Dalian Atkinson, Kevin Richardson, Ray Houghton and Shaun Teale. They all helped the club to finish as runners-up to Manchester United in the inaugural Premier League season of 1992–93. The strike partnership of Saunders and Atkinson established itself as one of the most successful partnerships in the Premiership. On 27 March 1994 Villa won the League Cup final 3–1, to secure a second successive UEFA Cup campaign, although their Premier League form dipped and they finished 10th. At the end of the 1993–94 season, they played their last game at a terraced Villa Park before it was converted over the summer to an all-seater stadium to comply with the Taylor Report. In November 1994, Atkinson was dismissed following a poor start to the season.", "Manchester United won the first official EPL title. Here's a look back at the rest of the original 22 teams from the EPL's inaugural season in the order that they finished:", "United broke the English transfer fee record over the summer of 1993 by paying relegated Nottingham Forest £3.75 million for Irish midfielder Roy Keane. United started the following season with Wembley glory, beating Arsenal on penalties in the FA Charity Shield after a 1–1 draw. Manchester United led the Premier League at the end of August, a lead they maintained all season. By the end of October, they were 11 points ahead and their lead peaked at 16 points in the new year. Despite a second round exit from the European Cup, they were on a strong run in the League Cup and after beating Sheffield United in the FA Cup third round on 9 January 1994, United now had their sights set on a unique domestic treble. The club then endured sadness later that month with the death of Sir Matt Busby.", "Albion had spent the majority of their history in the top-flight of English football, but when the FA Premier League was founded in 1992 the club found themselves in the third tier, which had been renamed Division Two. In 1992–93 Albion finished fourth and entered the playoffs for the first time, having just missed out the previous year. Albion's first appearance at Wembley for over twenty years—and their last ever at the original stadium—saw them beat Port Vale 3–0 to return to the second level – now renamed the First Division. Manager Ossie Ardiles then joined Tottenham Hotspur however, and a succession of managers over the next few seasons saw Albion consolidate their Division One status without ever mounting a serious promotion challenge.", "By the start of the 1992–93 season, the first season of the newly formed Premier League, Giggs had ousted Sharpe to become United's first-choice left winger. He was recognised as one of English football's two best emerging young wingers, alongside Steve McManaman, who were notable for being a throwback to the Stanley Matthews era of the 1950s winger. Giggs helped United to their first top-division title win for 26 years.", "For the first time since 1937, Manchester City won the First Division, finishing two points clear of their local rivals Manchester United. Fulham finished in last place and were relegated along with Sheffield United. Coventry City, under Jimmy Hill escaped relegation by one point and would go on to stay in the top division until their eventual relegation at the end of the 2000–01 season.", "Progress continued in the league and a play-off place was clinched on the last day of the season despite a 1–0 defeat to champions Brentford. The following week, Huddersfield Town came to London Road for the first leg of the Semi-final. Captain Mick Halsall's last minute equaliser levelled the score at 2–2. Three days later, the supporters travelled north more in hope than expectation but they were rewarded when the team came from a goal down to win 2–1 with Worrell Sterling and Steve Cooper scoring the goals. On 24 May 1992, Peterborough United played at Wembley for the first time, against Stockport County in the Third Division playoff final. With Posh winning 2–1 and gaining promotion to the new First division. They played in Football League Division One between 1992 and 1994 and finished 10th, their highest ever league finish, in 1992–93 season.", "Eric Cantona was the first player to score a hat-trick in the Premier League, when Leeds Utd beat Tottenham 5-0 on August 15 1992.", "Over the next two seasons, Middlesbrough gained successive promotions into Division Two and then into Division One. The next season, however, they came straight back down to Division Two, and with it came the then British transfer record move of Gary Pallister to Manchester United for £2.3 million. Despite constant promotion and relegation, Middlesbrough were founding members of the FA Premier League for the 1992–93 season.", "Liverpool Football Club' are an English professional association football club based in Liverpool, Merseyside, who currently play in the Premier League. They have played at their current home ground, Anfield, since their foundation in 1892. Liverpool joined the Football League in 1894, and were founding members of the Premier League in 1992.", "Leicester City F.C. are a professional football club based at the King Power Stadium who play in the Premier League. They were promoted as champions of the Football League Championship in the 2013–14 season, a return to the top flight of English football after a decade away, and won the Premier League title in 2016, despite the odds of them winning at the start of the season being 5000/1.", "Milton Keynes Dons won their first honours as a club, winning the League Two title and the Football League Trophy. The other clubs automatically promoted were runners-up Peterborough United, who had pushed the Dons close for most of the season, and Hereford United, who returned to the third level of English football for the first time in 30 years. Stockport County won promotion to League One by beating Rochdale 3–2 at Wembley Stadium in the League Two play-off final. There was to be no repeat of Wrexham's last day heroics of the 2006–07 season, and this time they finished bottom and went out of the League. Despite a good run late in the season, Mansfield Town joined them. Both Dagenham & Redbridge and Morecambe played in The Football League for the first time, after securing promotion to League Two from the Conference National.", "David Beckham signed his first professional contract with Manchester United in 1992 after displaying promise as a youth player and winning the FA Youth Cup during his first year with Manchester United.", "West Bromwich Albion – 1: Another of the original founding clubs of the league, West Brom have been English Champions just once, their victory coming in 1920. They hold the honour of being the very first team to win the FA Cup and have gone on to win it a total of five times since 1888. Having been promoted from the second tier last season as champions, they are currently playing in the Premier League.", "The 1992-93 season was the 114th season of football in England. The season saw the Premier League in its first season replacing The Football League as the top league in England. The teams played in the Premier League twice a year each, one away and one home and were awarded three points for a win and one for a draw.", "In 1992 the First Division clubs resigned from the Football League en masse and on 27 May 1992 the FA Premier League was formed as a limited company working out of an office at the Football Association's then headquarters in Lancaster Gate. This meant a break-up of the 104-year-old Football League that had operated until then with four divisions; the Premier League would operate with a single division and the Football League with three. There was no change in competition format; the same number of teams competed in the top flight, and promotion and relegation between the Premier League and the new First Division remained on the same terms as between the old First and Second Divisions.", "Dominated English football in the late 1990s and early 2000s with a homegrown generation of players and became the first club to complete a 'treble' of league, cup and European trophies.", "The team were elected to The Football League in 1978, and competed in the Premier League from 2005 to 2013. They won the 2012–13 FA Cup, have also won League One and League Two and are two-times winners of the Football League Trophy, along with numerous regional football competitions from their time as a non-league club. The club embarked on its first European campaign during the 2013–14 UEFA Europa League.", "They secured their top division status a year later to become founder members of the new Premier League, but were relegated after two seasons despite reaching that year's FA Cup semi-finals. They are currently playing in Football League One, the third tier of the English league. Darren Kelly was appointed as Manager in May 2015", "English Premier League: A Look Back At the Teams From the Inaugural Season \| Bleacher Report", "It is the only Football Club to be founder members of the Premier League and Football League and Champions of both." ]	[ 6.05859375, 5.8515625, 5.64453125, 3.189453125, 2.998046875, 2.875, 2.75, 2.73046875, 1.953125, 1.7236328125, 1.56640625, 1.5439453125, 0.96630859375, 0.53076171875, 0.4013671875, 0.1278076171875, -0.023345947265625, -0.26318359375, -0.395751953125, -0.662109375, -1.9052734375, -2.30078125, -2.5078125, -2.6875, -2.837890625, -3.041015625, -5.30078125, -6.0078125, -6.2734375, -6.43359375, -6.66015625, -7.28515625 ]
Playing for Leeds United in August 1992, who became the first player to score a hat-trick in the Premiership?	[ "Eric Cantona was the first player to score a hat-trick in the Premier League, when Leeds Utd beat Tottenham 5-0 on August 15 1992.", "ERIC CANTONA was the first player to score a hat-trick in the Premier League, when Leeds Utd beat Tottenham 5-0 on August 15 1992.", "25 August 1992 – Chester City lose 2–1 to Stockport County in the first match at their new Deva Stadium home in the Football League Cup. Manchester City equal the British national record for a defender (which they set last year when signing Keith Curle) by paying £2.5million for Wimbledon's Terry Phelan. In Leeds United's 5–0 home win over Tottenham Hotspur, Eric Cantona becomes the first player to score a hat-trick in the Premier League.", "Jacqueline says: Did Lee Chapman score the first English Premiership hat-trick? Jabba says: nope - Eric Cantona was certainly the first Leeds player to net a hat-trick in the Premiership on August 25 of the first season in the home game against Spurs.", "That season, Giggs played in the team that finished as runners-up to Leeds United in the final year of the old First Division before the advent of the Premier League. United had led the table for much of the season before a run of dismal results in April saw them overtaken by the West Yorkshire side. Giggs collected his first piece of silverware on 12 April 1992 as United defeated Nottingham Forest in the League Cup Final, after Giggs had set up Brian McClair to score the only goal of the game. At the end of the season, he was voted PFA Young Player of the Year – the award which had been credited to his colleague Lee Sharpe a year earlier.", "That season, Giggs played in the team that finished as runners-up to Leeds United in the final year of the old First Division before the advent of the Premier League. United had led the table for much of the season before a run of dismal results in April saw them overtaken by the West Yorkshire side. Giggs collected his first piece of silverware on 12 April 1992 as United defeated Nottingham Forest in the League Cup Final, after Giggs had set up Brian McClair to score the only goal of the game. At the end of the season, he was voted PFA Young Player of the Year – the award which had been credited to his colleague Lee Sharpe a year earlier. ", "Robbie Fowler scored what was then the quickest hat-trick scored in the Premier League, his three goals in the Liverpool v Arsenal match at Anfield being scored in just 4 minutes 33 seconds. The record lasted until Sadio Mané scored 3 in just 2 minutes 56 seconds for Southampton against Aston Villa in May 2015.", "But without a doubt, his most famous day on a soccer field occurred on August 15, 1992. The top division in English soccer had broken away from its previous governing body and rebranded itself the FA Premier League in an attempt to make more money off TV rights, and nine games began that day at the same time to kick off the league. Deane, playing for Sheffield United, headed home a goal in the fifth minute against Manchester United, making him the first player to score in the Premier League—what is now the most-watched soccer league in the world, broadcast in 212 territories to a potential TV audience of 4.7 billion people.", "With both teams safe on the final day of the inaugural Premier League season, there was little to play for at Highfield Road but the home fans would still have been left frustrated by Wallace’s late show. Coventry led 3-1 in the final moments but Wallace scored twice more for 10-man Leeds to complete his hat-trick.", "By the start of the 1992–93 season, the first season of the newly formed Premier League, Giggs had ousted Sharpe to become United's first-choice left winger. He was recognised as one of English football's two best emerging young wingers, alongside Steve McManaman, who were notable for being a throwback to the Stanley Matthews era of the 1950s winger. Giggs helped United to their first top-division title win for 26 years.", "In the 1991–92 season, Chapman scored 16 goals as Leeds won the last-ever league title before the creation of the FA Premier League. His 16 goals in the club's title winning season included two league hat-tricks; the first in a 6–1 away win against his old club Sheffield Wednesday on 12 January 1992, the second on 14 March 1992 in a 5–1 home win over Wimbledon. Chapman scored the club's first two goals in the new league at the start of the 1992–93 season, scoring twice in a 2–1 home win over Wimbledon. Despite being the top scorer for Leeds in the 1992–93 season with 14 goals, Chapman was allowed to move to Portsmouth at the age of 33 for £250,000 on 11 August 1993. ", "Dennis Bergkamp scored a memorable hat-trick against Leicester City in September 1997. The hat-trick of goals were the top three in the Match of the Day Goal of the Month competition for that month; a unique achievement.", "During his playing career, he played as forward from 1985 until 2006.He was the scorer of the first ever goal in the FA Premier League in 1992, when he was a Sheffield United player. Deane also played in the Premier League for Leeds United and Middlesbrough as well as playing top-flight football in Portugal and Australia for Benfica and Perth Glory respectively. He also played in The Football League for Doncaster Rovers, Leicester City, West Ham United and Sunderland before finishing his playing career in 2006 with a brief spell back at Sheffield United. Deane was capped three times by England.", "After a couple of relegation scares, Shrewsbury's Second Division life ended at the end of 1988–89 after ten years. As the 1990s dawned, the club were unable to make a quick return to the Second Division, spending the early 1990s mid-table. In the Third Division, on 22 December 1990, Gary Shaw scored the quickest Town hat trick – 4 minutes and 32 seconds – against Bradford City at Valley Parade. At the end of 1991–92 , three years after relegation to the Third Division, the club was relegated to the Fourth – the first time since 1975. However, two seasons later Shrewsbury won the new (fourth tier) Division Three championship under Fred Davies in 1993–94 , and remained in Division Two (third tier) three seasons. Shrewsbury were not to rise any further, remaining mid-table before slipping down again at the end of 1996–97 .", "Former West Ham United and England centre half Alvin Martin scored a hattrick against three different keepers during a game against Newcastle United in April, 1986. He netted his first passed Martin Thomas, who was subsequently injured and replaced by defender Chris Hedworth, who Martin also beat. Hedworth was finally replaced by ex-England striker Peter Beardsley, allowing Martin to complete his hattrick in an 8-1 rout.", "In 1986, he moved to full-time professional status with Wimbledon, who paid Wealdstone £10,000 for him. He scored on only his second appearance for Wimbledon on 29 November 1986, in a 1–0 win over Manchester United in the First Division. He was transferred to Leeds United in 1989. He was promoted to the old Division One from the Second Division. After helping them win promotion to the top-flight as champions of the Second Division, he proved he could thrive, and under the stewardship of Howard Wilkinson and the captaincy of Gordon Strachan, received only three yellow cards during the entire season. ", "He played in his fourth FA Cup triumph on 22 May 2004, making him one of only two players (the other being Roy Keane) to have won the trophy four times while playing for Manchester United. He has also finished with a runners-up medal three times (1995, 2005 and 2007). His participation in the victory over Liverpool in September 2004 made him the third player to play 600 games for United, alongside Sir Bobby Charlton and Bill Foulkes. He was inducted into the English Football Hall of Fame in 2005 in recognition of his contribution to the English game. ", "Deane scored the first goal in the FA Premier League for Sheffield United against Manchester United after 5 minutes on 15 August 1992. In the same game he scored a second after 50 minutes from the penalty spot as Sheffield United went on to win 2–1. On 16 January 1993, Deane scored a hat-trick against Ipswich Town in a 3–0 victory. ", "Having signed for Manchester United as a trainee on 8 July 1991, Beckham was part of a group of young players, including Ryan Giggs, Gary Neville, Phil Neville, Nicky Butt and Paul Scholes, who were coached by Eric Harrison, and helped the club win the FA Youth Cup in May 1992. … Read More", "\"I noticed, while flicking through some stats, that Alan Shearer scored five hat-tricks for Blackburn in 1995-96,\" explains Chris Topping. \"Has any other player scored more in one season?\"", "Alan Shearer, CBE, DL (; born 13 August 1970) is a retired English footballer. He played as a striker in the top level of English league football for Southampton, Blackburn Rovers, Newcastle United and for the England national team. He is Newcastle's and the Premier League's record goalscorer. He was named Football Writers' Association Player of the Year in 1994 and won the PFA Player of the Year award in 1995. In 1996, he was third in the FIFA World Player of the Year awards.", "In 1957 Liverpool manager Phil Taylor offered him a professional contract. He made his first team debut under manager Bill Shankly, playing against West Bromwich Albion at The Hawthorns on 27 October 1962, in a 1–0 loss. His first clean-sheet came on 17 November, when Liverpool beat fellow promotion hopefuls Leyton Orient at Anfield 5–0, with Roger Hunt scoring a hat-trick.", "On 17 August 1996 (the first day of the Premier League season), Beckham became something of a household name when he scored a spectacular goal in a match against Wimbledon. … Read More", "Mark Viduka had an excellent scoring record before signing for Premier League contenders Leeds United in August 2000 for £6 million from Scottish giants Celtic. He continued his form at Leeds as he helped them to 4th in the Premier League with 17 League goals. He had a decent 2001-2002 season and returned to his prolific form in the latter half of the 2002-2003 season, as Leeds were battling relegation scoring 20 Premier League goals. He scored 59 league goals for Leeds in his four years before leaving in 2004 after they were relegated.", "He re-registered himself as a player in August 1992, when he signed for Sunderland – founder members of the new Division One, which was the second tier of English football following the creation of the new FA Premier League. He played 38 times for the Wearside club in 1992–93, becoming player-manager following the dismissal of manager Malcolm Crosby in January 1993 and securing their Division One survival by a single place. He never played again for the club and was sacked on 26 November 1993 after a disappointing start to the 1993–94 season saw them battling against relegation once again – with the battle being won under Butcher's successor Mick Buxton. ", "Alan Shearer OBE (born 13 August 1970) is an English footballer whose prowess saw him score a hat-trick in his professional debut in 1988 while playing for Southampton.", "What footballing first did Brian Deane achieve whilst playing for Sheffield United against Manchester united on the 15th August 1992?", "In February 1993, Division One leaders Newcastle United splashed out a then club record £1.75 million for his services. He then scored 12 goals in as many league games as the Magpies cruised to the Division One title and won promotion to the Premier League. His 12 goals included two hat-tricks, the first against Barnsley on 7 April, the second on the final day of the season in a 7–1 hammering of Leicester City. He also scored the first of the club's two goals in their 2-0 promotion clinching win over Grimsby Town at Blundell Park on 4 May.", "He left Leeds in the summer of 1999 to join Atletico Madrid for £12 million and enjoyed an excellent season in Spain before returning to England in the summer of 2000, joining Chelsea for £15 million. He returned to England in excellent form scoring 46 Premier League goals in his first two seasons while Chelsea finished high up in the league. In the 2002-2003 season he suffered a bit of a dip in form and only scored 11 Premier League goals as Chelsea finished 4th and qualified for the Champions League.", "According to ESPN , in his first 13 senior appearances, he scored 12 times. In 1994-95 he completed a hat trick in less than five minutes against Arsenal . No one has been able to match that feat before or after.", "15. Which former Liverpool player held the record for the fastest hat-trick, scoring 3 goals in less than 5 minutes?", "Can you name the England player who gained his first three caps under three different managers?" ]	[ 9.4921875, 9.21875, 9.1171875, 4.76171875, 0.73095703125, 0.73095703125, -0.438232421875, -0.814453125, -1.078125, -1.7138671875, -1.7568359375, -2.1953125, -2.283203125, -2.294921875, -2.328125, -2.388671875, -2.7421875, -2.931640625, -3.2578125, -3.2734375, -3.3125, -3.435546875, -3.845703125, -3.994140625, -4.5078125, -4.7890625, -4.875, -5.04296875, -5.43359375, -5.49609375, -6.92578125, -7.15625 ]
Who were the first team to field an all foreign starting line up in the English Premiership?	[ "At the inception of the Premier League in 1992ï¿½93, just eleven players named in the starting line-ups for the first round of matches were 'foreign' (players hailing from outside of the United Kingdom or Republic of Ireland).[52] By 2000ï¿½01, the number of foreign players participating in the Premiership was 36%. In the 2004ï¿½05 season the figure had increased to 45%. On 26 December 1999, Chelsea became the first Premier League side to field an entirely foreign starting line-up,[53] and on 14 February 2005 Arsenal were the first to name a completely foreign 16-man squad for a match.[54] No English manager has won the Premier League; the four managers to have won the title comprise two Scots (Sir Alex Ferguson (Manchester United, nine wins) and Kenny Dalglish (Blackburn Rovers, one win)), a Frenchman (Arsï¿½ne Wenger, Arsenal, three wins) and a Portuguese (Josï¿½ Mourinho, Chelsea, two wins).", "By 2000/01, the number of foreign players participating in the Premier League was 36 per cent. In the 2004/05 season the figure had increased to 45 per cent. On December 26, 1999, Chelsea became the first Premier League side to field an entirely foreign starting line-up, and on February 14, 2005, Arsenal were the first to name a completely foreign 16-man squad for a match.", "At the inception of the Premier League in 1992–93, just eleven players named in the starting line-ups for the first round of matches hailed from outside of the United Kingdom or Ireland. By 2000–01, the number of foreign players participating in the Premier League was 36 per cent of the total. In the 2004–05 season the figure had increased to 45 per cent. On 26 December 1999, Chelsea became the first Premier League side to field an entirely foreign starting line-up, and on 14 February 2005 Arsenal were the first to name a completely foreign 16-man squad for a match. By 2009, under 40% of the players in the Premier League were English. ", "Despite being well-known for our support of homegrown talent, the club has pioneered the use of foreign stars in the English game. We famously signed Argentine duo Osvaldo Ardiles & Ricardo Villa back in 1978 for just £700,000 but our international influences stretch back much further than that. German Striker Max Seeburg joined Spurs way back in 1907 whilst still in the Southern League and became the first foreigner to play in the English Football League when Spurs were elected to join the Second Division in 1908.", "June 1, 2003 – a day when the face of English football would change dramatically. Not that the sport would be conceived any differently, but this was the day that the English Premier League, the blue-chip of European football, would have a ‘foreigner out of nowhere’ at its doorstep, ready to shake up the old firmament of English football. This was the day that Roman Abramovich bought Chelsea Football Club.", "Like near rivals City, Manchester United had just one foreign-born player at the start of the season 20 years ago.", "In April 1955, UEFA established the European Cup, a football competition for the champion clubs of UEFA-affiliated nations, to begin in the 1955–56 season. However, the English league winners, Chelsea, were denied entry by the Football League's secretary, Alan Hardaker, who believed not playing was best for English football. The following season, the English league was won by Manchester United, managed by Matt Busby. The Football League again denied entry, but Busby and his chairman, Harold Hardman, with the help of the Football Association's chairman Stanley Rous, defied the league and United became the first English team to play in Europe. ", "If it had been a top English Premier League club representing Europe, it would have been a different story. Arsenal would have been unlikely to have a single Englishman, Chelsea perhaps 2 or 3, and even Manchester United, the Whitest and most British of the big teams last season, would have had only 3 or 4 indigenous British players according to recent team selections.", "Manchester United became the first English team to win the European Cup when they beat Benfica 4–1 after extra time at Wembley Stadium with goals from Bobby Charlton (2), George Best and Brian Kidd. Manager Matt Busby was knighted that year for his achievements. A double triumph was secured by Leeds United when they won the Inter Cities Fairs Cup by beating Ferencváros 1–0 on aggregate.", "The arrival of coach Matt Busby in 1945 completely changed the club’s fortunes, with the first effects of Busby’s management seen in 1948, when the club won the first FA Cup title, while finishing the league campaign in second place. Back to back league titles in 1955 and 1956 earned the team “the Busby babes” tag and in 1957 Manchester United became the first English team to compete in the European Cup. The Red Devils reached the semi-finals of the competition, where they were stopped by Real Madrid.", "Yet, it has not always been that way. In years gone by, the likes of Glenn Hoddle , Chris Waddle , Paul Gascoigne and Ray Wilkins all tried their luck in a foreign league, while back in the early 2000s, Steve McManaman , David Beckham , Michael Owen and Jonathan Woodgate all represented Real Madrid.", "West Ham United Football Club are an English professional football club based in Upton Park , Newham , London . They will play in the Barclays Premier League in 2012–13. The club was founded in 1895 as Thames Ironworks FC and reformed in 1900 as West Ham United. In 1904 the club relocated to their current Boleyn Ground stadium. They initially competed in the Southern League and Western League before eventually joining the full Football League in 1919 and subsequently enjoyed promotion to the top flight for the 1923 season. 1923 also saw the club feature in the first FA Cup Final to be held at Wembley against Bolton Wanderers .", "Swansea City Association Football Club () is a Welsh professional football club based in Swansea, Wales, that plays in the Premier League, the highest level of English football. Swansea City represent England when playing in European competitions, although they have represented Wales in the past. The club were founded in 1912 as Swansea Town and joined the Football League in 1921. The club changed their name in 1969, when they adopted the name Swansea City to reflect Swansea's new status as a city. Swansea have played their home matches at the Liberty Stadium since 2005, having previously played at the Vetch Field since the club were founded.", "Squad: Lawrence Rowe (captain), Hartley Alleyne, Faoud Bacchus, Sylvester Clarke, Colin Croft, Alvin Greenidge, Bernard Julien, Alvin Kallicharan, Collis King, Monte Lynch, Everton Mattis, Ezra Moseley, David Murray, Derick Parry, Franklyn Stephenson, Emmerson Trotman, Albert Padmore (player/manager).", "The influx of money and the relaxation of rules governing the amount of foreign players allowed in a team saw players from Europe and beyond flock to the UK. Some players like Juninho, Gianluca Vialli and Dennis Bergkamp changed the face of football in England but other imports were not quite as successful.", "Substitutions introduced - one allowed per game for injuries. Keith Peacock of Charlton becomes the first Football League player to come on as a substitute on 21st August 1965 in a Division Two match against Bolton Wanderers.", "On 2 May 1996, Glenn Hoddle was named as the new England manager, eight years after his final international appearance, and one year after his last game at club level. Hoddle selected Alan Shearer as captain in favour of Tony Adams, but he also gave real hope to England fans by exploiting the talents of numerous young stars emerging in the English game, including the Manchester United midfield trio of Paul Scholes, Nicky Butt and David Beckham, and central defenders Rio Ferdinand and Sol Campbell.", "1983-4 squad: Lawrence Rowe (captain), Hartley Alleyne, Faoud Bacchus, Sylvester Clarke, Colin Croft, Alvin Greenidge, Bernard Julien, Alvin Kallicharran, Collis King, Monte Lynch, Everton Mattis, Ezra Moseley, David Murray, Derick Parry, Franklyn Stephenson, Emmerson Trotman, Albert Padmore (player/manager).", "Team management passed to Tottenham legend Glenn Hoddle who took over in April 2001 with the team lying thirteenth in the table. His first game saw defeat to Arsenal in an FA Cup semi-final. The club captain, Sol Campbell, defected to Arsenal on a Bosman free transfer that summer.", "The club also sported the likes of long time club servants John Bond and England international Ken Brown (father of Kenny Brown, who went on to play for the club in the 1990s), talented wing half Eddie Bovington, midfielder and forward Ronnie Boyce, leftback Jack Burkett (the first man to ever be substituted for the club) and rightback Joe Kirkup. Up front were the prolific striker Johnny Byrne and the slightly less prolific Brian Dear. Future manager Harry Redknapp played on the wing, the goalkeeper was Jim Standen; about this time, the club hired its first black player John Charles.", "The club was founded in 1912 as Swansea Town and joined the Football League in 1921. The club changed their name in 1969, when it adopted the name Swansea City to reflect Swansea's new status as a city.", "Dominated English football in the late 1990s and early 2000s with a homegrown generation of players and became the first club to complete a 'treble' of league, cup and European trophies.", "Team: 1.Bill Brown, 2.Peter Baker, 3.Ron Henry, 4.Danny Blanchflower, 5.Maurice Norman, 6.Tony Marchi, 7.Cliff Jones, 8.John White, 9.Bobby Smith, 10.Jimmy Greaves, 11.Terry Dyson", "Several English players have started their careers at Arsenal under Wenger, such as Ashley Cole, David Bentley and Matthew Upson, and many continue to build careers at the club, namely Theo Walcott, Kieran Gibbs, Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain and Jack Wilshere. Wenger commented that an advantage of building his team around British players was the guarantee of stability. ", "The team were elected to The Football League in 1978, and competed in the Premier League from 2005 to 2013. They won the 2012–13 FA Cup, have also won League One and League Two and are two-times winners of the Football League Trophy, along with numerous regional football competitions from their time as a non-league club. The club embarked on its first European campaign during the 2013–14 UEFA Europa League.", "English Premier League: A Look Back At the Teams From the Inaugural Season \| Bleacher Report", "Which was the last team to win the F.A. Cup with a team comprising all English players?", "Over the next few seasons, Greenwood added some of the club's best known—and longest-serving—youth products. These included 20-year servant and future manager Billy Bonds and long-time players Trevor Brooking (who also had spells managing the club), Frank Lampard, Sr., (assistant manager during Redknapp's tenure), Clyde Best, John McDowell and Alan Sealey. In addition, the team acquired Bobby Ferguson as goalkeeper.", "It is the only Football Club to be founder members of the Premier League and Football League and Champions of both.", "Which is the only club ever to play FA Cup matches in all four home countries?", "Which three founder members of the Football League also played in the first season of the Premier League?", "This is a list of former players in alphabetical order showing nationality and the period played for the club. " ]	[ 6.828125, 6.796875, 5.125, -0.7578125, -1.4013671875, -2.56640625, -2.609375, -2.95703125, -3.501953125, -3.6640625, -4.234375, -4.2734375, -4.8046875, -4.8828125, -5.0703125, -5.08203125, -5.09375, -5.1640625, -5.24609375, -5.75390625, -5.84375, -5.96875, -6.3203125, -6.38671875, -6.64453125, -6.74609375, -7.27734375, -7.36328125, -7.87890625, -8.171875, -8.1953125, -9.6796875 ]
As at the start of the 2002/03 season, who is the Premiership's all-time top scorer?	[ "Alan Shearer is the all-time Premierships top scorer, so the simple answer is the Newcastle and ex-England captain.", "Alan Shearer is the Premier Leagues all-time top scorer by a long way. He started off with Blackburn, who he signed for from Southampton in the summer of 1992 for £3.3 million as Kenny Dalglish tried to build a squad to win the league.", "In every season since and including 2001-2002 the leading scorer in the Premier League has played for Arsenal, Manchester United, Chelsea, Liverpool or Manchester City before Kane scored his goals for Spurs. Three seasons ago Luis Suarez and Daniel Sturridge were first and second playing for Liverpool and that is the only occasion in the Premier League era that players from the same club were in the top two in the scoring charts. Alan Shearer and Robin Van Persie are the only leading Premier League scorers for two clubs.", "English Premier League West Bromwich Albion 1 (Yacob 42) Arsenal 1 (Wilshere 63) Tottenham Hotspur 0 West Ham 3 (Reid 66, Vaz Te 72, Morrison 79) Southampton 2 (Lallana 19, Rodriguez 83) Swansea 0 Norwich City 1 (Pilkington 68) Chelsea 3 (Oscar 4, Hazard 85, Willian 86) Sunderland 1 (Gardner 5) Manchester United 2 (Januzaj 55, 61) Cardiff City 1 (Odemwingie 58) Newcastle United 2 (Remy 30, 38) Liverpool 3 (Suarez 13, Sturridge 17, Gerrard 38 pen) Crystal Palace 1 (Gayle 77) Hull City 0 Aston Villa 0 Fulham 1 (D Bent 83) Stoke City 0 Manchester City 3 (Negredo 17, Aguero 45, Howard 69 og) Everton 1 (Lukaku 16) Leading Goalscorers - 6: Daniel Sturridge (Liverpool) 5: Loic Remy (Newcastle United) 4: Aaron Ramsey (Arsenal), Christian Benteke (Aston Villa), Olivier Giroud (Arsenal), Romelu Lukaku (Everton), Sergio Aguero (Manchester City), Yaya Toure", "Here we come, the table topper in the premier league all time top scorers is Allan Shearer. This retired English footballer is widely regarded as one of the best strikers of the world football. After his retirement, he has worked as a football analyst for the British Broadcasting Corp. Allan Shearer was awarded the Player of the Year by Football Writers’ Association in 1994 and was also awarded the PFA player of the Year in 1995. He played for Blackburn Rovers and Newcastle United in his premier league career. Allan Shearer scored a stunning untouchable 260 premier league goals which has secured him at no.1 top goal scorer in the premier league.", "Alan Shearer 2008.jpg\|Alan Shearer, former footballer an iconic Newcastle United player and the Premier League's all-time top goalscorer and England Captain.", "The highest-scoring match to date in the Premier League occurred on September 29, 2007, when Portsmouth beat Reading 7–4. Five goals is the record individual scoring total for a player in a single Premier League game, and as of November 2009, only three players had achieved this feat, Andy Cole first, followed by Alan Shearer and then Jermain Defoe. Only Ryan Giggs of Manchester United has scored in all 18 Premier League seasons.", "Even more good news for the Premier League - five of the Europe's top 10 scorers play for top English clubs. Edin Dzeko of Manchester City comes in at second place after Gonzalo Higuain of Real Madrid with a minutes-per-goal ratio of 44.1. Sergio Aguero, Demba Ba, Robin Van Persie and Wayne Rooney all make an appearance on the list of most prolific scorers.", "Alan Shearer, former Blackburn Rovers and Newcastle United football striker, currently holds the record for most Premiership goals scored, totalling 260 (as taken 09/04/2008). Alan Shearer also finished among the top ten goal scorers in a remarkable 10 seasons (out of his overall 14 seasons) in the Premier League. Alan Shearer also won the top scorer title three times and he became the first soccer player to score 100 Premier League goals in the 1995-96 premier league season .", "2002–03 proved to be another productive season for Henry, as he scored 32 goals in all competitions while contributing 23 assists—remarkable returns for a striker. In doing so, he led Arsenal to another FA Cup triumph (where he was man-of-the-match in the Final), although Arsenal failed to retain their Premier League title. Throughout the season, he competed with Manchester United's Ruud van Nistelrooy for the league scoring title, but the Dutchman edged Henry to the Golden Boot by a single goal. Nonetheless, Henry was named both the PFA Players' Player of the Year and FWA Footballer of the Year. His rising status as one of the world's best footballers was affirmed when he emerged runner-up for the 2003 FIFA World Player of the Year award.", "Alan Shearer, CBE, DL (; born 13 August 1970) is a retired English footballer. He played as a striker in the top level of English league football for Southampton, Blackburn Rovers, Newcastle United and for the England national team. He is Newcastle's and the Premier League's record goalscorer. He was named Football Writers' Association Player of the Year in 1994 and won the PFA Player of the Year award in 1995. In 1996, he was third in the FIFA World Player of the Year awards.", "Giggs has a number of personal achievements. Ryan Giggs was the first player in history to win two consecutive PFA Young Player of the Year awards (1992 and 1993), though Ryan Giggs did not win the PFA Player of the Year award until 2009. Ryan Giggs is the only player to have played and scored in every season of the Premier League and Ryan Giggs also holds the longest run of successive scoring seasons in UEFA Champions League history (11). Ryan Giggs has been elected into the Professional Footballers' Association Team of the Century in 2007, the Premier League 10 Seasons Awards Teams of the Decade, in 2003, as well as the FA Cup Team of the Century. Giggs holds the record for the most Assist (football) in Premier League history, with 271.", "Harry Kane became the first English player to be top scorer in a Premier League season since Kevin Phillips in 1999-2000", "When scoring at home to Stoke City on the 10th of March, 2012, Didier Drogba became the 22nd member of the Premier League 100 Goals Club. By scoring 100 goals in just 220 league games, Didier has become the 9th quickest player to achieve this feat. Thanks, once again to the generosity and data of Infostrada Sports we have put together a series of infographics visualizing the scoring rates of the different players to have scored 100 goals in the Premiership – from the quickest, Alan Shearer (100 goals in 124 matches) through to the slowest, Ryan Giggs (100 goals in 534 matches).", "Yet another Red Devil to make the list, Andy Cole won it all in the Premier League and has almost scored more than everyone. His strike partnership with Dwight Yorke in the 1998-99 season was one to be feared, and was key in helping United to a famous treble. It was in Manchester that ‘Goal King’ Cole did most of his damage, but he also had no trouble finding the back of the net at Newcastle, Blackburn, Fulham and Man City. Cole would go on to play for a number of teams after this, finally ending his career at his home town club, Nottingham Forest. During his prime, he was at the centre of an incredible United squad, and became the second most prolific scorer in Premier League history.", "30 September 2002 - September finishes with defending champions Arsenal top of the Premier League, two points ahead of second-placed Liverpool. Manchester United, held back by two home defeats this month, are fourth in the league and level on points with third-placed Middlesbrough who are mounting a surprise title challenge. Chelsea occupy fifth place, with last month's leaders Tottenham Hotspur now down to sixth. West Ham United, Charlton Athletic and Southampton occupy the bottom three places. Portsmouth and Leicester City lead the way in Division One, with the playoff zone being occupied by Norwich City, Nottingham Forest, Rotherham United and Sheffield United. ", "Teddy Sheringham is one of the all time great Premier League strikers, most notably for his time at Tottenham Hotspur and Manchester United. He rose to fame with Spurs, joining them in 1992 and winning the very first Premier League Golden Boot (he also scored the first televised Premier League goal). He continued to find the back of the net in an injury riddled season after this, before being joined by Jurgen Klinsmann in the next season to create one of the all time great Premier League partnerships. He moved to Manchester United in 2007, where opportunities were limited but he would win the first silverware of his career; three successive Premier League titles. A short return to Spurs was followed by stint at Portsmouth, where he proved his talent by becoming the oldest player to score a hat-trick. He then played for West Ham and Colchester, retiring at 42 years old.", "In 2002, Seaman won the Premier League and the FA Cup again to complete his second career double, although Arsenal's other goalkeepers Stuart Taylor (10 appearances) and Richard Wright (12 appearances) also won championship medals, due mainly to Seaman's absence through injuries. A highlight of this season was when Seaman dramatically saved a Gareth Barry penalty as Arsenal won 2–1 at Aston Villa. ", "Henry went on one of the most dominant runs of any striker in Premier League history when he won four Golden Boot Award's as the league's top scorer between 2002 and 2006.", "Ronaldo made his debut in the Premier League in a 4–0 home victory over Bolton Wanderers on 16 August 2003, receiving a standing ovation when he came on as a 60th-minute substitute for Nicky Butt. His performance earned praise from George Best, who hailed it as \"undoubtedly the most exciting debut\" he had ever seen. Ronaldo scored his first goal for Manchester United with a free kick in a 3–0 win over Portsmouth on 1 November. Three other league goals followed in the second half of the campaign, the last of which came against Aston Villa on the final day of the season, a game in which he also received his first red card. Ronaldo ended his first season in English football by scoring the opening goal in United's 3–0 victory over Millwall in the FA Cup final, earning his first trophy. ", "Watford started the 1982–83 season with four league wins from the opening five fixtures; in the space of seven years, the club had climbed from bottom place in the lowest division of The Football League to top position in the highest division. Brown, Tony. [http://www.statto.com/football/teams/watford/1982-1983/table/1982-09-11 \"Watford 1982–1983 English Division One (old): Table on 11.09.1982.\"]. Statto.com. Retrieved 2 May 2012. Watford were unable to maintain a title challenge, but eventually finished the season second behind Liverpool, which ensured UEFA Cup qualification for the following season. Luther Blissett finished the season as the First Division top scorer, before signing for Italian Serie A side Milan for £1 million at the end of the season. An FA Cup Final appearance followed in the 1984 fixture, where they lost to Everton. After guiding Watford to a ninth-place finish in 1986–87, Taylor left the club to manage Aston Villa.", "Rooney gained national prominence on the 19th of October 2002 when he became the youngest goal scorer in the history of the Premier League at 16 years and 360 days while playing for Everton (though this record has since been surpassed twice). His goal against then-champions Arsenal was a last-minute winner and brought to an end the London side’s 30-match unbeaten run. At the end of 2002 he won the BBC Sports Young Personality of the Year award.", "19 December 2002: Arthur Rowley, 76, a former centre forward of Leicester City player and Football League record scorer who scored an English league career record of 434 goals.", "In the 2003 awards list to mark ten seasons of the English Premier League, Shearer was named Overall Player of the Decade, Domestic Player of the Decade, Player to have made an Outstanding Contribution to the Premier League and Top Goalscorer.", "Alan Shearer OBE (born 13 August 1970) is an English footballer whose prowess saw him score a hat-trick in his professional debut in 1988 while playing for Southampton.", "Scored his first goal in English football against Arsenal in 2000. Becoming the youngest premier league scorer, but by the end of the year the record was broken.", "* Premier League 20 Seasons Awards (1992–93 to 2011–12): Best Goal (vs. Manchester City, 12 February 2011) ", "The following club and player records are taken from Premier League matches only, dating back to the first season in 1992/93.", "*Scorer of the 10,000th Premier League goal - Premier League 10 Seasons Awards (1992/3 - 2001/2)", "Who's the only player to score a hatrick in the Premiership, all three Football Leagues (whatever they were called), FA Cup, League Cup, and for his country?", "1. Which Premiership footballer made his competitive debut for Welling United in 1993 and played for Birmingham City, Notts County and Fulham before joining his current club in 2003?", "The 33-year-old fired in an impressive 15 league goals, all but two coming under Big Sam’s watch." ]	[ 6.296875, 3.890625, 3.806640625, 2.666015625, 2.388671875, 1.9228515625, 1.4169921875, 1.1953125, 0.50244140625, 0.309326171875, 0.292724609375, -0.05731201171875, -0.27783203125, -0.295166015625, -1.046875, -1.46875, -1.734375, -1.759765625, -1.921875, -2.267578125, -2.388671875, -2.74609375, -2.990234375, -3.359375, -4.59765625, -4.88671875, -5.40234375, -5.75390625, -5.8203125, -6.45703125, -6.84765625, -6.98828125 ]
How many own goals were scored in the 2001/02 Premiership season?	[ "Arsenal bounced back in the 2001-02 season, as they won their second double under Wenger, winning all of their final 13 Premiership fixtures. They finished seven points ahead of runners-up Liverpool, the title secured in the penultimate game of the season with a 1-0 win over Manchester United at Old Trafford. The previous weekend, Arsenal had wrapped up their eighth FA Cup success, beating Chelsea 2-0. Arsenal scored in all 38 league games and not losing any of their 19 away games. Henry was the club's leading league goalscorer with 24 goals in the Premiership.", "Success finally arrived during the 2001-02 season. Arsenal finished seven points above Liverpool to win the Premier League title, and defeated Chelsea 2-0 in the FA Cup Final. Henry became the league's top goalscorer and netted 32 goals in all competitions as he led Arsenal to a double and his first silverware with the club. There was much expectation that Henry would replicate his club form for France during the 2002 FIFA World Cup, but the defending champions suffered a shock exit at the group stage.", "He scored 10 goals in the 2000–01 season and 15 in 2001–02. He played in a second League Cup final for the club, against Blackburn Rovers, but was thwarted by three saves by Rovers' goalkeeper Brad Friedel as Spurs lost 2–1. Ferdinand scored the 10,000th goal in Premiership history on 15 December 2001 for Spurs against Fulham.", "Alan Shearer received the Golden Boot award for scoring five goals. In total, 64 goals were scored by 48 different players, with only one of them credited as own goal.", "Mark Viduka had an excellent scoring record before signing for Premier League contenders Leeds United in August 2000 for £6 million from Scottish giants Celtic. He continued his form at Leeds as he helped them to 4th in the Premier League with 17 League goals. He had a decent 2001-2002 season and returned to his prolific form in the latter half of the 2002-2003 season, as Leeds were battling relegation scoring 20 Premier League goals. He scored 59 league goals for Leeds in his four years before leaving in 2004 after they were relegated.", "English Premier League West Bromwich Albion 1 (Yacob 42) Arsenal 1 (Wilshere 63) Tottenham Hotspur 0 West Ham 3 (Reid 66, Vaz Te 72, Morrison 79) Southampton 2 (Lallana 19, Rodriguez 83) Swansea 0 Norwich City 1 (Pilkington 68) Chelsea 3 (Oscar 4, Hazard 85, Willian 86) Sunderland 1 (Gardner 5) Manchester United 2 (Januzaj 55, 61) Cardiff City 1 (Odemwingie 58) Newcastle United 2 (Remy 30, 38) Liverpool 3 (Suarez 13, Sturridge 17, Gerrard 38 pen) Crystal Palace 1 (Gayle 77) Hull City 0 Aston Villa 0 Fulham 1 (D Bent 83) Stoke City 0 Manchester City 3 (Negredo 17, Aguero 45, Howard 69 og) Everton 1 (Lukaku 16) Leading Goalscorers - 6: Daniel Sturridge (Liverpool) 5: Loic Remy (Newcastle United) 4: Aaron Ramsey (Arsenal), Christian Benteke (Aston Villa), Olivier Giroud (Arsenal), Romelu Lukaku (Everton), Sergio Aguero (Manchester City), Yaya Toure", "Goals from \"overseas\" players: Philippe Coutinho, Romelu Lukaku, Kevin Mirallas, Divock Origi and Mamadou Sakho are among a total of 26 non-British (Isles) players from 16 different countries to have scored in the derby (not including own goals, which add three countries to the list) since Liverpool's Craig Johnston became the first such player to do so, in the 1986 Cup final (though Bruce Grobbelaar was the first non-British Isles player to get on the derby scoresheet with his own-goal in the 1984 Charity Shield). Everton's Tim Cahill and Liverpool's Dirk Kuyt, who both left their respective clubs after the 2012 season, along with Luis Suárez, who left Liverpool in 2014, are the leading \"overseas\" players with five goals each. France is the leading country, with five different scorers.", "Liverpool and Owen challenged for the league championship during the 2001–02 season. The team eventually finished runners-up to Arsenal, with Owen playing a key part in the campaign. On 29 December 2001, Owen scored his 100th goal for Liverpool during the season against West Ham United. He also led them to success in the Charity Shield and the UEFA Super Cup during the start of the season in 2001. Liverpool thus became the first English team to win five trophies in one calendar year. Owen signed a four-year contract worth £70,000-a-week with Liverpool during the season, making him one of the highest earners in the English Premiership. ", "West Ham had a slow start to the 2001–02 season, hampered by injuries to key players. New signing David James was injured before he even made an appearance whilst on International duty; Frédéric Kanouté, Michael Carrick and Paolo Di Canio nursed groin and knee problems). The board made money available for strengthening the squad and Glenn acquired respected Czech International defender Tomáš Řepka from ACF Fiorentina, and Don Hutchison for his second term with the Hammers. However, Glenn Roeder was soon under immense pressure from fans who were calling for him to be sacked, especially after witnessing back to back maulings at the hands of Everton (5–0) and Blackburn (7–1). He responded by guiding the club to a seventh-place finish in the final table, just one place short of European qualification – although there was a 12-point gap between West Ham and sixth-placed Chelsea.", "West Ham had a slow start to the 2001–02 season, hampered by injuries to key players. New signing David James was injured before he even made an appearance whilst on International duty; Frédéric Kanouté, Michael Carrick and Paolo Di Canio nursed groin and knee problems. The board made money available for strengthening the squad, and Roeder acquired respected Czech international defender Tomáš Řepka from Fiorentina and Don Hutchison for his second term with the Hammers. However, Roeder was soon under immense pressure from fans, who were calling for him to be sacked, especially after witnessing back-to-back maulings at the hands of Everton (5–0) and Blackburn (7–1). He responded by guiding the club to a seventh-place finish in the final table, just one place short of European qualification – although there was a 12-point gap between West Ham and sixth-placed Chelsea.", "Alan Shearer is an admired English striker retiring from football in 2006. He is also the record goalscorer of the Premier League. Shearer debuted at European Championship 1992 but scored no goal but made a successful performance at Euro 1996 scoring 5 goals and won tops scorer of the tournament. At Euro 2000, Shearer scored one goal against Germany and a penalty against Romania in the final group game but could not lead England to enter the next stage. After this competition, Shearer announced retiring from international football.", "Runner-Up: Missing the ball altogether whilst standing four yards in front of an unguarded net against Reading in March. Sixty minutes later he scored his first Premiership goal of the season - an own goal.", "Giggs was never sent off in his 24-season playing career for Manchester United and was only once sent off when playing for Wales, on 5 September 2001 in a World Cup qualifier against Norway; Giggs received a second yellow card in the 86th minute. In November 2003, he was found guilty of improper conduct by the FA due to his behaviour during the Battle of Old Trafford game against Arsenal (one of two United and six Arsenal players charged over the incident); Giggs received a £7,500 fine but avoided suspension. In the same week, Giggs received a two-match suspension from international football for deliberately elbowing Russian player Vadim Evseev in the face during the first leg of the Euro 2004 play-offs. The offence was missed by referee Lucílio Batista, but Giggs was later charged using video evidence.", "He left Leeds in the summer of 1999 to join Atletico Madrid for £12 million and enjoyed an excellent season in Spain before returning to England in the summer of 2000, joining Chelsea for £15 million. He returned to England in excellent form scoring 46 Premier League goals in his first two seasons while Chelsea finished high up in the league. In the 2002-2003 season he suffered a bit of a dip in form and only scored 11 Premier League goals as Chelsea finished 4th and qualified for the Champions League.", "In 2002, Seaman won the Premier League and the FA Cup again to complete his second career double, although Arsenal's other goalkeepers Stuart Taylor (10 appearances) and Richard Wright (12 appearances) also won championship medals, due mainly to Seaman's absence through injuries. A highlight of this season was when Seaman dramatically saved a Gareth Barry penalty as Arsenal won 2–1 at Aston Villa. ", "Eric Cantona arrived in England in 1992 from Nimes for less than £1 million after being a journeyman in France for years. He helped Leeds win the last First Division title. He was hot property upon the start of the inaugural Premier League season and scored six Premier League goals in 13 games before signing for Manchester United for just over £1 million. He went on the help them win their first league title in 26 years. He ended that first season with 15 Premier League goals.", "* Most goals in a season (all competitions): Jimmy McGrory, 62 (1927/28) (47 in League, 15 in Cup competitions) ", "Most goals by one player in a season in the top flight: Dion Dublin, 23 (1997–1998), Ian Wallace, 23 (1977–1978)", "His one season at West Ham was the only season he would score less than 10 in the Premier League, as he scored nine goals. He was no longer a Premier League quality striker as he dropped down to the First Division to play for Nottingham Forest, then six months in the SPL playing for Celtic before ending his career in 2000 playing in the Second Division for Burnley at the age of 36.", "He joined Newcastle in 1996, where he would remain for 10 seasons and continue to pour in the goals. His first five seasons were prolific, and on the back five he continued to score in double figures each season to eventually overtake Jackie Milburn as the club’s leading scorer in all competitions. He added one more to his tally on his final game, giving him a remarkable 260 Premier League goals. His legacy will not be forgotten, and neither will his awful trademark celebration.", "During the 1995–96 season, Alan Shearer became the first player to score 100 Premier League goals, and holds the record for the fewest games taken to reach 100, doing so in 124 appearances. He also holds the record for most goals scored in the Premier League. After Shearer, Sergio Agüero is the second-fastest to 100 goals, doing so in 147 games. ", "Despite joining halfway through the 1994–95 season, Cole still managed to score 12 goals in just 18 Premier League games for United. This included his first, the winner in a 1–0 victory over Aston Villa on 4 February at Old Trafford and five in the 9–0 rout of Ipswich Town; making him the first player to score five goals in a Premier League game.", "Giggs proved to be a scorer of great goals, with many of them being shortlisted for various Goal of the Season awards. Widely regarded as among Ryan Giggs best were those against Queens Park Rangers F.C. in 1993, Tottenham Hotspur F.C. in 1994, Everton F.C. in 1995, Coventry City F.C. in 1996, and Ryan Giggs solo-goal against Arsenal F.C. in the replay of the 1999 FA Cup semi-final. During extra time, Giggs picked up possession after Patrick Vieira gave the ball away, then ran from the half-way line, dribbled past the whole Arsenal back line, including Tony Adams (footballer), Lee Dixon and Martin Keown before launching Ryan Giggs left-footed strike just under David Seaman bar and beyond Ryan Giggs reach. Ryan Giggs famously whipped off Ryan Giggs shirt as Ryan Giggs ran to celebrate with Ryan Giggs teammates. It also has the distinction of being the last ever goal scored in an FA Cup semi-final replay as, from the following season, the FA Cup semi-finals are decided in a single game, with extra time and a Penalty shootout (football) if required.", "Giggs proved to be a scorer of great goals, with many of them being shortlisted for various Goal of the Season awards. Widely regarded as among his best were those against Queens Park Rangers in 1993, Tottenham in 1994, Everton in 1995, Coventry in 1996, and his solo effort against Arsenal in the replay of the 1999 FA Cup semi-final. During extra time, Giggs picked up possession after Patrick Vieira gave the ball away, then ran from his own half, dribbled past the whole Arsenal back line, including Tony Adams, Lee Dixon and Martin Keown before launching his left-footed strike just under David Seaman's bar and beyond his reach. He famously whipped off his shirt as he ran to celebrate with his teammates. It also has the distinction of being the last ever goal scored in an FA Cup semi-final replay as, from the following season, the FA Cup semi-finals are decided in a single game, with extra time and a penalty shootout if required. ", "His goals were constantly on shortlists for Goal of the Season and tended to be memorable, particularly the ones against QPR in 1993, Tottenham in 1994, Everton in 1995, Coventry in 1996, and the most remarkable of all, his amazing solo-goal against Arsenal in the replay of the 1999 FA Cup semi-final. During extra time, Giggs picked up possession just after Patrick Vieira had given the ball away, then ran away from the half-way line, dribbling past the whole Arsenal back line, including Tony Adams and Martin Keown before launching his left-footed strike just under David Seaman's bar and beyond him. It has been hailed as the best FA Cup goal of all time by some sections of the media and football fans. It does have the distinction of being the last ever goal scored in an FA Cup Semi-Final Replay as, from the following season, the FA Cup Semi-Finals have been decided in a single game, with extra time and a Penalty Shoot Out if required.", "The defending player who scored the own goal is personally \"credited\" with the goal as part of the statistical abstract of the game. The credit is annotated \"(og)\" to indicate its nature.", "Appearances and goals comprise those in the Football League (including test matches and play-offs), Premier League, FA Cup, Football League Cup, UEFA European Cup, UEFA Cup, FA Charity Shield, Associate Members' Cup/Football League Trophy, and several now-defunct competitions — namely the European Cup Winners' Cup, Anglo-Italian Cup, Anglo-Italian League Cup, Texaco Cup, Anglo-Scottish Cup and Full Members' Cup.", "Alan Shearer, OBE, was born on 13th August 1970. Having started his career at Southampton, he went on to become one of the most prolific scorers of all time with Blackburn and his beloved Newcastle.", "He was a cult hero at Newcastle United due to his less-than-defensive tendencies in \"the Entertainers\" central defence, would often make runs forward and be found roaming on the edge of the box. His most famous moment arguably being when he scored an audacious chip over Peter Schmeichel in a 5–0 win over Manchester United, whose manager Alex Ferguson had been interested in signing him a year earlier.", "Tell us the name of the Englishman who's scored the most number of Premiership goals without winning an international cap?", "Who's the only player to score a hatrick in the Premiership, all three Football Leagues (whatever they were called), FA Cup, League Cup, and for his country?", "96. When England beat Germany 5 – 1 in 2001, all the goals were scored by players from which club?" ]	[ 0.71044921875, 0.5078125, 0.4404296875, 0.0156707763671875, -1.125, -1.3388671875, -1.466796875, -1.8427734375, -1.861328125, -1.869140625, -2.359375, -2.521484375, -2.548828125, -2.884765625, -3.19140625, -3.267578125, -3.275390625, -3.28125, -3.375, -3.40234375, -3.54296875, -4.0703125, -4.43359375, -4.5546875, -4.7109375, -5.52734375, -5.625, -6.0859375, -6.30078125, -6.359375, -7.26953125, -7.54296875 ]
What is Homer's local bar called?	[ "Moe's Tavern is a local bar in Springfield frequented by Homer Simpson, Carl Carlson, Lenny Leonard and Barney Gumble. The tavern is named after and run by Moe Szyslak . Moe's Tavern first appeared in the episode \" Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire \". In the first season of The Simpsons, the entrance appeared to be a saloon door. The bar sells mostly Duff Beer although other beverages are served. In the episode \" Flaming Moe's \", Moe's beer payments were delinquent so his beer distributor stopped delivering to him. When Homer shows Moe a drink he developed called the Flaming Homer, Moe sells it as his own, calling it the Flaming Moe. The drink becomes extremely popular until Homer reveals its secret ingredient, allowing other businesses to create a similar product. The drink's popularity wanes significantly.", "Moe's Tavern is a local bar in Springfield frequented by Homer Simpson, Carl Carlson, Lenny Leonard and Barney Gumble. The tavern is named after and run by Moe Szyslak. Moe's Tavern first appeared in the episode \"Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire\". In the first season of The Simpsons, the entrance appeared to be a saloon door. The bar sells mostly Duff Beer although other beverages are served. In the episode \"Flaming Moe's\", Moe's beer payments were delinquent so his beer distributor stopped delivering to him. When Homer shows Moe a drink he developed called the Flaming Homer, Moe sells it as his own, calling it the Flaming Moe. The drink becomes extremely popular until Homer reveals its secret ingredient, allowing other businesses to create a similar product. The drink's popularity wanes significantly.", "Drink at Moe's: Moe's Tavern is the local watering hole for Homer and the gang, where they spend many a night putting back Duffy beers", "Local business named “Moe’s” that serves beer: “And now, because it’s after noon, I can go to Moe’s without having a drinking problem” — Homer Simpson", "Never underestimate the power of a humiliated husband or a country-and-western siren. Homer hits up a C&W bar after a fight with Marge; upon hearing waitress Lurleen Lumpkin sing a sad song that hits close to home, Homer becomes her manager. Fame and an appearance on Ya-Hoo! (a pitch-perfect parody of Hee Haw) are in the cards, though Lumpkin wants to take things to a more romantic level. Luckily, Homer stands by his Marge.", "Flaming Moe's is the incarnation of Moe's after Moe stole Homer's idea for a drink . The bar was very popular. Celebrities, like Krusty the Clown and Aerosmith , went regularly to the bar. The bar went back to its old self after Homer revealed the secret ingredient, which was cough syrup. [7]", "One of Bart's early hallmarks were his prank calls to Moe's Tavern owner Moe Szyslak in which Bart calls Moe and asks for a gag name. Moe tries to find that person in the bar, but rapidly realizes it is a prank call and (despite not knowing who actually made the call) angrily threatens Bart. These calls were based on a series of prank calls known as the Tube Bar recordings. Moe was based partly on Tube Bar owner Louis \"Red\" Deutsch, whose often profane responses inspired Moe's violent side. The prank calls debuted in \"Homer's Odyssey\", (season one, 1990) the third episode to air, but were included in \"Some Enchanted Evening\", the first episode of the series that was produced. As the series progressed, it became more difficult for the writers to come up with a fake name and to write Moe's angry response, so the pranks were dropped as a regular joke during the fourth season but they have occasionally resurfaced on the show.", "When a depressed Moe decides to take a trip to see the ol' alma mater (Swigmore University), he puts Homer in charge of the bar. A mid-life crisis turns Moe's Tavern into a swanky \"weird for the sake of weird\" nightclub, complete with fancy decor, a British bouncer, Russian models, rabbits hanging from the ceiling and R.E.M. Never mess with a drunk's regular joint. Never.", "A scene in which Homer is at Moe's Tavern escaping the hassles of work and family to be with his friends.", "A scene in which Homer is at Moe's Tavern escaping the hassles of work and family to be with his friends.", "M was another incarnation of Moe's. It was transformed into a bar for younger, more hipper people. Features included a big eyeball looking around, rabbits and an oxygen bar. The bar didn't serve Duff Beer , instead he served a Malaysian beer made entirely of soy sauce. In protest to this new type of bar, Homer created his own garage bar. Moe switched the bar back after he realized the customers were snobs. [10]", "The Bowl-A-Rama is used in the episode \"Homer vs. the Eighteenth Amendment\" as a way of smuggling beer into Moe's Tavern. In this episode, alcohol is banned in Springfield and Homer begins bootlegging beer he uncovered from the city dump. The beer is poured into bowling balls and Homer then bowls the ball into the gutter at the Bowl-A-Rama; the ball then falls into a pipe leading to Moe's Tavern where Moe charges an outrageous price.", "The Bowl-A-Rama is used in the episode “ Homer vs. the Eighteenth Amendment ” as a way of smuggling beer into Moe’s Tavern. In this episode, alcohol is banned in Springfield and Homer begins bootlegging beer he uncovered from the city dump. The beer is poured into bowling balls and Homer then bowls the ball into the gutter at the Bowl-A-Rama; the ball then falls into a pipe leading to Moe’s Tavern where Moe charges an outrageous price.", "[Homer walks past Moe's, despondent. From inside comes the sound of Guy N. Cognito getting beaten up by Moe, and he's thrown unconscious out of the bar and onto the street]", "In \" Moe Letter Blues \" Moe mentions moving to Springfield because its zip code on a calculator spells \"boobs\". This means the zip code for Moe's Tavern is 80085, also in an episode Homer walks to Moe's Tavern and his proud of himself only to find Bart waving at him from their house just up the road, suggesting that Moe's is on Evergreen Terrace and that the Simpson's House Zip ends in 8008.", "Moe Szyslak says, \"the ladies like to refer to me as, ‘Hey, you in the bushes.'\" Moe's is a place that was once so popular that people would push or wedge their way in, nesting between the elbows and backsides of men drinking three-deep at the bar. Aerosmith even played a gig here. But tonight, to paraphrase a line from that great Frank Sinatra song, there's no one in the place except Homer, Lenny, Carl, and Moe — and also a guy named Barney who may or may not have passed out.", "Fudd Beer is the main brand of beer in Shelbyville and Spittle County. It is the chief competitor of Duff Beer which is intentionally spelled with a parallel swapping of the consonants. Homer became aware of Fudd Beer while patronizing a \"redneck bar\" in nearby Spittle County. It was later revealed to be considered very popular in Springfield 's rival town of Shelbyville. Despite its popularity, Moe said he thought it had been banned \"after all those hillbillies went blind\".", "Homer affects the way trendy people eat when he becomes a local food critic, until he starts giving restaurants bad reviews.", "After Moe is heckled for not having any real companions, Moe's best friend and beloved bar rag narrates his incredible thousand-year journey to Springfield. Beginning in the Middle Ages, the bar rag was loomed into a beautiful and ornate medieval tapestry and traveled around the globe through the hands of royalty before finding himself found himself at Moe's Tavern. Meanwhile, Bart begs Milhouse for forgiveness after the two friends get into a tiff, and when the bar rag goes missing, Moe realizes that he has more friends than he thought.", "THE BIRD The Tommyhawks Knight Eloise Ashton BRASS MONKEY Rhythm Bound Karaoke BRIGHTON Siren Song Enterprises BROOKLANDS TAVERN Celebrations Karaoke CAPTAIN STIRLING Trivia Night THE CAUSEWAY BAR Xport Thursdays THE CLAREMONT HOTEL Institution Thursdays ft. DJ Pup DJ Tahni CONNECTIONS NIGHTCLUB Bingay Hosted By Hannah Conda DEVILLES PAD Rock n’ Roll Karaoke DUNSBOROUGH TAVERN Open Mic Night Kris Buckle ELLINGTON JAZZ CLUB Morgan Bain GRAND CENTRAL PARK Nathan Gaunt GROOVE BAR (CROWN) Hi-NRG HULA BULA BAR Hi-Fi Lounge INDI BAR Open Mic Night KALAMUNDA PERFORMING ARTS CENTRE Comedy Gold - The Best of the Adelaide Fringe Chris Franklin Granny Flaps Georgie Carrol Big Al LAKERS TAVERN Howie Morgan LANEWAY LOUNGE Jessie Gordon LOST SOCIETY The Collective LUCKY SHAG James Wilson MARKET CITY TAVERN Maria Dunn Rob and Luke Jaylee Lefty Wade McLeod", "Founded in 1796 by Jebediah Springfield , Springfield seems to be a small city rather than a megalopolis. Its features include one nuclear power plant ; a vaguely Protestant Church; two elementary schools ( Springfield Elementary School and West Springfield Elementary School); Springfield Preparatory School; Springfield University; several museums; a 'Knowledgeum'; a minor league baseball stadium; an airport; an ocean harbor and Squid Port; a waterfront casino; a downtown district; Springfield Gorge; several massive mountains, including the 'Murderhorn'; a dog track (Springfield Downs); a large tire yard (which has been on fire for well over 35 years); a ghetto ; a Russian district ; its own Little Italy , Greek Town, and Little Bangkok District; an entirely Jewish neighborhood; Moe's , a bar run by Moe Szyslak ; many interesting restaurants, including 'The Texas Cheesecake Depository', 'The Frying Dutchman' and 'Professor P. J. Cornucopia’s Fantastic Foodmagorium and Great American Steakery'; and Barney's Bowl-A-Rama, a bowling alley run by Barney Gumble 's uncle.", "But that wasn't the end of the story. In October 2010 the business relocated to 8 Greenville Avenue in Johnston. While the decor wasn't notably Family Guy-esque, they did have Pawtucket Patriot Lager on tap (most likely 'Gansett in disguise), a drink called The Bloody Meg, and a version of the distinctive drinking clam neon sign in the window. The Drunken Clam closed again in early 2013, perhaps for good.", "Here's a bar in the Sixth Street area that knows why you come through their doors. The Thirsty Nickel tries to make sure that by the time you leave you won't be thirsty anymore. The bartenders are friendly and keep the drinks coming. The bar has daily drink specials that make the gross amount of alcohol you'll order affordable. There's generally a DJ but when a music festival comes to town, that's when this place gets packed all wanting to catch the live gigs. It's a great place to start your evening off right.", "Moe's Pet Shop was the incarnation the tavern became when alcohol was outlawed in Springfield. It looked like a normal tavern until Moe pulled a lever, changing it into a pet shop whenever the police came looking. [9]", "That Bar, 145 South Street, PH2 8NY, ☎ +44 1738 634523 . Used to be the place to go. Has karaoke and sticky floors. ", "The City of Springfield' Club Quarter is the nightlife capital of the Pioneer Valley and the Knowledge Corridor, featuring approximately 60 dance clubs, bars, music venues, LGBT venues, and after-hours establishments. In general, most clubs, bars, music venues, and other nightspots are located on or near upper Worthington Street, on and around Stearns Square, or on Chestnut Street.", "There are more residents per capita with the last name “Simpson” in this city than any other Springfield so the odds are strong that at least one of them is working at the nuclear power plant 35 miles down the road. Even better, it’s home to Moe’s Grille, which offers “$1 Duff mugs from 5-7pm. Regrettably, there is no “Flaming Moe’s” on the cocktail menu.", "Nap's Karaoke @ Virgil's Sea Room Sing out loud at the weekly least judgmental karaoke in town, hosted by the former owner of the bar. No cover. 9pm. 3152 Mission St. 8292233. www.virgilssf.com", "Moe's Tavern is located on Walnut Street, next to King Toot's Music Store . Across the street is the Moeview Hotel and factory once owned by Bart Simpson .", "Kelly's Brewery, 3222 Central Ave SE, ☎ +1 505 262-2379, [145] . M-Sa 11AM-2AM, Su 11AM-midnight. Wide variety of beers brewed on site. Good food, friendly wait staff (mostly hot young ladies), and an extensive outdoor patio for people watching. edit", "Uncle Sam promotes a great number of things in the City of Troy, in this case a micro-brewery near the Hudson River in downtown Troy.", "The following is a list of businesses seen in the town of Springfield where The Simpsons live." ]	[ 3.482421875, 2.865234375, 1.1513671875, 0.50732421875, 0.2156982421875, 0.0193328857421875, -0.1710205078125, -0.268310546875, -0.27197265625, -0.27197265625, -0.388916015625, -1.0751953125, -1.08203125, -1.1865234375, -2.15625, -2.421875, -2.45703125, -4.5546875, -4.6484375, -5.9765625, -6.47265625, -7.14453125, -7.359375, -7.56640625, -8.8046875, -8.984375, -9.171875, -9.234375, -9.265625, -9.890625, -10.1171875, -10.3984375 ]
What was Maggie Simpson's first word?	[ "Maggie's first word is \"Daddy\", something neither Bart or Lisa would call him when they were babies. [7] On another occasion, Maggie's speaks the word \"Ya\"; a Norwegian word. She has also said \"Dadily Doodily\" when she was in the care of Ned Flanders . [8]", "Maggie's first word was \"Daddy\". Despite the fact that Homer often forgets his third child exists and Maggie is often portrayed as being afraid of Homer, Homer loves Maggie dearly and keeps all of her photos at work to keep him happy throughout the day. Maggie's second word was \"Daddily-Doodily\".", "Baby Maggie’s first word, out of earshot of entire family, is to call Homer “Daddy.” Even in madcap Simpsons environment, it’s quite a heart-melter.", "17. An episode during the fourth season featured guest star Elizabeth Taylor voicing a single word: Maggie's first word, spoken during a flashback. The word? \"Daddy.\"", "When an earth shattering event like Maggie’s first words are spoken, only the most well known woman in the world will do. Naturally, the producers wanted Elizabeth Taylor for the job. As expected, the episode Lisa’s First Word caused quite a stir. But not for the reason you might think. Feminists everywhere were outraged that Maggie’s first word was “Daddy” but they would have been much more offended had they been at the taping for the scene. Matt Groening told Playboy in an interview that the single word required 24 takes, each one considered too sexy by the writers and the director. After the last one, Taylor stood up, said “F*** you” and walked out. Maggie’s growing up fast!", "Margaret “Maggie” Simpson is a fictional character in the animated television series The Simpsons. She first appeared on television in the Tracey Ullman Show short “Good Night” on April 19, 1987. Maggie was created and designed by cartoonist Matt Groening while he was waiting in the lobby of James L. Brooks’s office. She received her first name from Groening’s youngest sister. After appearing on The Tracey Ullman Show for three years, the Simpson family was given their own series on the Fox Broadcasting Company which debuted December 17, 1989.", "Margaret \"Maggie\" Simpson is a fictional character in the animated television series The Simpsons. She first appeared on television in the Tracey Ullman Show short \"Good Night\" on April 19, 1987. Maggie was created and designed by cartoonist Matt Groening while he was waiting in the lobby of James L. Brooks' office. She received her first name from Groening's youngest sister. After appearing on The Tracey Ullman Show for three years, the Simpson family was given their own series on the Fox Broadcasting Company which debuted December 17, 1989.", "Nancy Basile at About.com said her favorite Maggie scenes on The Simpsons are the ones that show her acting more like an adult than a one-year-old. Some of her favorite Maggie scenes include scenes from \"Sweet Seymour Skinner's Baadasssss Song\" and \"Lady Bouvier's Lover\" where Maggie meets her unibrowed archenemy, Baby Gerald, and the one scene from \"Itchy & Scratchy: The Movie\" in which Bart is supposed to babysit Maggie, but she escapes and takes Homer's car for a ride. Basile also added that \"whether watching 'The Happy Elves' or falling down, Maggie is the cutest baby in the Simpson family\". Comedian Ricky Gervais named \"And Maggie Makes Three\" his second favorite episode of the show and said that the scene in the end where Homer puts up pictures of Maggie over his desk gave him \"a lump in the throat thinking about it\". Todd Everett at Variety called the scene in \"Lisa's First Word\" where Maggie speaks her first word \"quite a heart-melter\". ", "Maggie Simpson is the youngest of the Simpsons. She was born on January 12,1989. Her father is Homer Simpson. Her mother is Marge Simpson. Maggie is a baby. She thinks Homer is weird. Maggie rarely speaks. Her first were were spoken in \"Good Night\", a short film that aired on The Tracey Ullman Show. Liz Georges provided the voice of Maggie in \"Good Night.\"", "Although Maggie generally doesn't talk, due to her being a baby, there have been numerous occasions where Maggie has had words of spoken dialogue. Most of her speaking roles are not to be considered canon, however, with the only known true line of dialogue being the one said in Lisa's First Word .", "She also once crawled all over town to her mother's favorite hangout locations trying to track down Marge . Maggie usually has a pretty good comprehension on her surroundings and has at times tried to point out the obvious to adults (mostly Homer) who are oblivious to what is going on. Maggie has spelled out E=MC2 with her blocks before and can change her own diapers. She has also used a fire extinguisher to put out burning curtains and has driven Homer's car. Maggie can also skateboard and has already said her first word despite being only a year old.", "The Simpson family are trying unsuccessfully to get Maggie to speak, inspiring Marge to share the story of Lisa's first word.", "Matt Groening first conceived the Simpson family in the lobby of James L. Brooks ' office. He had been called in to pitch a series of animated shorts, and had intended to present his Life in Hell series. When he realized that animating Life in Hell would require him to rescind publication rights for his life's work, Groening chose to go in another direction. [20] He hurriedly sketched out his version of a dysfunctional family, and named the characters after various members of his own family. Maggie was named after Matt Groening 's younger sister Margaret \"Maggie\" Groening. She often sucked on a pacifier and wore a sleep suit, two traits Groening used for Maggie. Then Maggie made her debut with the rest of the Simpsons clan on April 19, 1987 in the Tracey Ullman short \" Good Night \". [21] Groening thought that it would be funny to have a baby character that did not talk and never grew up, but assigned any emotions that the scene required. Her comedic hallmarks include her tendency to stumble and land on her face while attempting to walk (though this has been downplayed in later seasons), and a penchant for sucking on her pacifier, the sound of which has become the equivalent of her catchphrase and was originally created by Groening during the Tracey Ullman period , and by Nancy Cartwright during the regular series.", "Marjorie \"Marge\" Simpson (née Bouvier), voiced by Julie Kavner, is the well-meaning and extremely patient wife of Homer and mother of Bart, Lisa and Maggie. She often acts as the voice of reason, but displays exaggerated behavior traits of stereotypical mothers and takes the blatant dysfunctionality of her family for granted, unlike the other family members, who are aware that they are eccentric. Her most notable physical feature is her blue hair, styled into an improbably high beehive. Julie Kavner received a Primetime Emmy Award in 1992 for voicing Marge in the episode \"I Married Marge\". For her performance in The Simpsons Movie, Kavner received a nomination for \"Best Voice Acting in an Animated Feature\" at the 2007 Annie Awards, but lost to Ian Holm in Ratatouille. Kavner's emotional performance in the movie got positive reviews and one critic said she \"gave what must be the most heartfelt performance ever\". Part of Kavner's contract says that she will never have to promote The Simpsons on video because she does not want to \"destroy the illusion for children\". In 2008, CityNews published an article entitled \"Top 10 Greatest TV Moms of All Time\", and placed Marge in eighth spot. ", "Matt Groening first conceived Maggie and the rest of the Simpson family in 1986 in the lobby of James L. Brooks's office. Groening had been called in to pitch a series of animated shorts for The Tracey Ullman Show, and had intended to present an adaptation of his Life in Hell comic strip. When he realized that animating Life in Hell would require him to rescind publication rights for his life's work, Groening decided to go in another direction, and hurriedly sketched out his version of a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family. The baby of the family was named Maggie after Groening's youngest sister. Maggie then made her debut with the rest of the Simpsons family on April 19, 1987 in the short \"Good Night\". In 1989, the shorts were adapted into The Simpsons, a half-hour series that would air on the Fox Broadcasting Company. Maggie and the rest of the family remained the main characters on this new show. ", "Nancy Cartwright originally auditioned for the role of Lisa, but soon thought that her voice would be better suited voicing Bart. Matt Groening let her try out for the part, and upon hearing her read, gave her the job on the spot. Bart's catchphrase \"Eat My Shorts\" was an ad-lib by Cartwright in one of the original table readings, harking back to an incident when she was at college. His other catchphrases included \"¡Ay, caramba!\" and \"Don't have a cow man!\" - the former being his first words after seeing Homer and Marge 'enjoying themselves' in bed - but these dropped out of use as the series progressed (as mentioned in \" Summer of 4 Ft. 2 ,\" when Bart complains that Lisa stole his line). Whenever he introduces himself, he often says, \"I'm Bart Simpson. Who the hell are you?\"", "Marjorie Jacqueline \"Marge\" Simpson (née Bouvier) is a fictional character in the American animated sitcom The Simpsons and part of the eponymous family. She is voiced by Julie Kavner and first appeared on television in The Tracey Ullman Show short \"Good Night\" on April 19, 1987. Marge was created and designed by cartoonist Matt Groening while he was waiting in the lobby of James L. Brooks' office. Groening had been called to pitch a series of shorts based on Life in Hell but instead decided to create a new set of characters. He named the character after his mother Margaret Groening. After appearing on The Tracey Ullman Show for three seasons, the Simpson family received their own series on Fox, which debuted December 17, 1989.", "Maggie’s squeaking parts are currently provided by Nancy Cartwright, but the few words Maggie has spoken have been provided by James Earl Jones and Academy Award-winning actress Elizabeth Taylor. Maggie has appeared in various media relating to The Simpsons – including video games, The Simpsons Movie, The Simpsons Ride, commercials and comic books – and has inspired an entire line of merchandise.", "Maggie is the youngest child in the Simpsons family. She is the least seen and heard from the family and is usually seen sucking on her pacifier. Maggie has a new torso design which creates an infant/baby look. Her accessory is a brown teddy bear that is very well worn.", "Groening thought that it would be funny to have a baby character that did not talk and never grew up, but was scripted to show any emotions that the scene required. Maggie’s comedic hallmarks include her tendency to stumble and land on her face while attempting to walk, and a penchant for sucking on her pacifier, the sound of which has become the equivalent of her catchphrase and was originally created by Groening during the Tracey Ullman period. In the early seasons of the show, Maggie would suck her pacifier over other character’s dialogue, but this was discontinued because the producers found it too distracting.", "^ a b Face to Face: Maggie Simpson EW.com. Published September 11, 1992, Retrieved on March 27, 2007", "Despite being a baby, Maggie is likely to be the most mature member of the Simpson family . However, she keeps her intelligence a secret in order to be babied. This is first revealed when Marge gives her a new pacifier, and when Marge isn't looking she smokes it like a cigarette.", "Maggie's squeaking and occasional speaking parts are currently provided by Nancy Cartwright, but she has also been voiced by guest stars James Earl Jones, Elizabeth Taylor and Jodie Foster, and by series regulars Yeardley Smith and Harry Shearer. Maggie has appeared in various media relating to The Simpsons – including video games, The Simpsons Movie, The Simpsons Ride, commercials and comic books – and has inspired an entire line of merchandise.", "Yeardley Smith (the voice of Lisa Simpson) made the giggles and squeaks for Maggie in early episodes, but Nancy Cartwright (the voice of Bart Simpson) took over making those sounds for Maggie in the later episodes.", "HAMMER: Two best actress Oscars and the distinction of being the first person to voice baby Maggie on \"The Simpsons.\"", "\"Daddily Doodily.\" from the episode \" Home Sweet Homediddly-Dum-Doodily \" - When being raised by Ned Flanders for such a long period of time, Maggie begins to talk like him.", "A number of neologisms that originated on The Simpsons have entered popular vernacular. Mark Liberman, director of the Linguistic Data Consortium, remarked, \"The Simpsons has apparently taken over from Shakespeare and the Bible as our culture's greatest source of idioms, catchphrases and sundry other textual allusions.\" The most famous catchphrase is Homer's annoyed grunt: \"D'oh!\" So ubiquitous is the expression that it is now listed in the Oxford English Dictionary, but without the apostrophe. Dan Castellaneta says he borrowed the phrase from James Finlayson, an actor in many Laurel and Hardy comedies, who pronounced it in a more elongated and whining tone. The staff of The Simpsons told Castellaneta to shorten the noise, and it went on to become the well-known exclamation in the television series. ", "A number of neologisms that started on The Simpsons have entered common usage. The most famous of which is Homer's saying: \" D'oh! \", which is referred to in scripts, as well as three episode names, as \"annoyed grunt\". D'oh is now listed in the OED , but without the apostrophe. \"D'oh\" is the accepted spelling, and is certainly the most common; the closed captions for the program (at least in the U.S.), however, spell it \"D-OHH\". Note: A much earlier use of the same expression, often similarly used to denote thwarted expectation, was established in the long-running BBC (UK) radio series 'The Archers', where it was used, almost as a catch-phrase, by the character 'Walter Gabriel' (voiced by actor Chris Gittings).", "7 years after Marge was pregnant with Lisa, Homer and Marge bought their first home. Set up comfortably to raise two children, Homer quit his job at the Sprinfield Nuclear Power Plant to follow his dreams and work as a pin monkey at Barney's Bowlerama. Soon after Homer quit his job, Marge became pregnant with Maggie. Home pulled out what was left of his hair and was forced to go back to his old job at the power plant.", "And now for an exciting bit of pop culture trivia: Spotted by our friends The Daily What , in this interview for the Archive of American Television, Dan Castellaneta, better known to you as the voice of Homer Simpson, explains how his character’s legendary catchphrase was born. As it turns out “d’oh” — written in the script simply as “annoyed grunt” — was inspired by Jimmy Finlayson from the Laurel and Hardy movies, but was shortened from “d’ooooooh” because Matt Groening thought it made for better pacing. Kind of incredible, right?", "She provided her voice for a 1998 episode of The Simpsons entitled \"When You Dish Upon a Star.\"", "Maude was a devout Christian who once attended a Bible camp to learn how to be more judgmental. She campaigned strongly against Itchy and Scratchy with Marge and was often partnered with Helen Lovejoy as they protest against the \"evils\" in Springfield. She died by falling off a grandstand, after being hit with several shirts from a t-shirt cannon by Homer at the Springfield Speedway." ]	[ 6.88671875, 5.90234375, 5.74609375, 2.884765625, 2.83984375, 2.16796875, 2.078125, 0.9873046875, 0.73876953125, 0.044464111328125, -0.480712890625, -0.6376953125, -0.74072265625, -1.9541015625, -2.03515625, -2.953125, -2.9921875, -3.275390625, -3.369140625, -3.818359375, -4.1328125, -4.44921875, -4.55078125, -5.09375, -5.58203125, -5.78515625, -6.51171875, -7.77734375, -8.0546875, -8.375, -8.7421875, -8.984375 ]
Lisa's jazz-playing mentor was Bleeding Gums ...who?	[ "Lisa's mentor on the show is a man by the name of \"Bleeding Gums\" Murphy. His first appearance on the show is him playing his sax on a brigde at night, which many believe to be a reference to Sonny Rollins. Rollins is a famous and influential saxophonist who got his career started at age 11, is still touring and recording at age 80, and was elected in to the Down Beat Jazz Hall of Fame in 1973. Obviously this reference to Sonny puts Murphy in to a category of phenomenal players. By being a mentor to Lisa, he partially elevates her to that level as well.", "Bleeding Gums Murphy, Lisa’s jazz saxophone mentor on The Simpsons, has been immortalized as an “action” figure-though we doubt the rotund Mr. Gums does anything resembling action, especially now that he plays with Bird in heaven’s eternal jam sessions after he died in the “‘Round Springfield” episode.", "\"'Round Springfield\" is the 22nd episode of the sixth season of The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on April 30, 1995. In the episode, Bart is rushed to the hospital after eating a jagged metal Krusty-O and decides to sue Krusty the Clown. Whilst visiting Bart, Lisa meets her old mentor, jazz musician Bleeding Gums Murphy (last seen in Moaning Lisa). She is saddened when she later learns that Murphy has died, and resolves to honor his memory. Steve Allen (as himself) and Ron Taylor (as Bleeding Gums Murphy) guest star, each in their second appearance on the show. Dan Higgins also returns as the writer and performer of all of Lisa and Bleeding Gums' saxophone solos.", "183 'Bleedin' Gums' Murphy, Lisa's sax mentor. Lisa: ' How come they call you Bleedin' Gums?' Gums: 'Well, let me put it this way. You ever been to the dentist?' Lisa: 'Yeah.' Gums: 'Not me. I suppose I should go, but I got enough pain in my life as it is.'", "Bleeding Gums Murphy was a street musician and friend and mentor to little Lisa Simpson, who also played the saxophone. She aspired to be as good as BGM, and to be able to play the Blues as eloquently as he did.", "As a young, aspiring jazz musician, Lisa Simpson idolized Bleeding Gums Murphy. The grizzled old sax man first appeared on The Simpsons wailing a solo on a bridge at night, much to the delight of Lisa. Loosely based on jazz legend Sonny Rollins, Bleeding Gums Murphy first appeared in the sixth episode of the show’s first season, and was referenced several times after he died in Season 6. Murphy left Lisa his saxophone when he died, because he was an all-around great guy. While not confirmed, the show does hint that Murphy’s brother is none other than Springfield’s oft-chuckling Dr. Hibbard. Below is a clip of Murphy’s infamous 26-minute version of the Star-Spangled Banner that he sang at a Springfield Isotopes game.", "Lisa is reunited with her idol, Bleeding Gums Murphy, but their time together is short-lived. When the jazz legend passes away, a heartbroken Lisa wants to buy his rare album for $500 and play it on the local jazz station as a tribute.", "\"Bleeding Gums\" Murphy plays jazz and blues, and even performed a vocal/saxophone piece on TV that Lisa wrote. His support of Lisa helps her improve her skills as well as get recognition for the piece she wrote. An example of Murphy counnseling Lisa about blues takes place in the following conversation:", "The appearance of Bleeding Gums Murphy is loosely based on LeRoi Moore, the late saxophone player for the Dave Matthews Band. It may also be an homage to Sonny Rollins, a great saxophone player who famously retired from public performance and was not seen for three years, until a journalist discovered him playing the saxophone alone on the Williamsburg Bridge. Murphy's introductory appearance, where Lisa sees him playing his sax on a bridge in the middle of the night, is a direct reference to Rollins.", "Still stricken with grief, Lisa decides that the best way to honor Bleeding Gums' memory is by having his album played at the local jazz station. Lisa spots it in the Android's Dungeon store for $250, but after hearing that Bleeding Gums is dead, Comic Book Guy doubles the price to $500. Bart then walks in with his $500 to buy the ultimate pog with Steve Allen's face. However, after remembering that Lisa was the only one who believed him about his stomachache, Bart decides to buy the album with his money. Lisa thanks him for it, but is worried he may never get the pog he wanted. Bart reassures her that he's ok with it and reveals he got a better deal. He shows Lisa the new Krusty O's cereal with flesh-eating bacteria prizes in every box. When the station plays one of Bleeding Gums's songs, Lisa is disappointed because the station's tiny range still prevents anyone from hearing it. Lightning then strikes the antenna, giving it extra power and projecting it into every radio in Springfield. Lisa is finally satisfied. After proclaiming \"that was for you Bleeding Gums,\" she turns to leave, but not before Bleeding Gums appears from the heavens to tell Lisa that she had made \"an old jazz man happy\". After saying a final goodbye, Lisa and Bleeding Gums jam to \"Jazzman\" one last time.", "Lisa reunites with jazz legend Bleeding Gums and rocks a school recital. Then Bleeding Gums dies, and Bart uses some newly won cash to buy Lisa a legendary album so the town can remember the musician via radio broadcast.", "William James \"Count\" Basie (August 21, 1904 – April 26, 1984) was an American jazz pianist, organist, bandleader, and composer. His mother taught him to play the piano and he started performing in his teens. Dropping out of school, he learned to operate lights for vaudeville and to improvise accompaniment for silent films at a local movie theater in his home town of Red Bank, New Jersey. By 16 years old, he increasingly played jazz piano at parties, resorts and other venues. In 1924, he went to Harlem, where his performing career expanded; he toured with groups to the major jazz cities of Chicago, St. Louis and Kansas City. In 1929 he joined Bennie Moten's band in Kansas City, and played with them until Moten's death in 1935.", "Woodrow Charles Herman (May 16, 1913 – October 29, 1987), better known as Woody Herman, was an American jazz clarinetist, alto and soprano saxophonist, singer, and Big band leader. During his lifetime, he led some of the most exciting big bands of the twentieth century. His bands changed styles and approaches to jazz but still managed to keep their musical integrity.", " David Sanborn – saxophonist (born July 30, 1945) is an American alto saxophonist, most commonly associated with radio-friendly smooth jazz and pop-jazz fusion. He has been a highly regarded the late 1960s, playing with an array of well-known artists, such as Eric Clapton, Roger Daltrey, Stevie Wonder, Paul Simon, Jaco Pastorius, the Brecker Brothers, David Bowie, Little Feat, Bob James, James Taylor, Al Jarreau, George Benson, Joe Beck, Donny Hathaway, Elton John, Gil Evans, Carly Simon, Linda Ronstadt, Billy Joel, Roger Waters, Steely Dan, Ween, The Eagles, the German group Nena, and Japanese pop star Utada Hikaru. Sanborn was born in Tampa, Florida and grew up in Kirkwood, Missouri. He suffered from polio in his youth, and began playing the saxophone on a physician’s advice to strengthen his weakened chest muscles and improve his breathing.", "It is probably true to say that, after Louis Armstrong, Charlie Parker was the most influential soloist in the history of jazz, and his spectacular alto saxophone playing made him a legend well before his tragic death at the age of 34. Parker – or ‘Bird’ as he famously became known – was the driving force behind ‘bebop’, a dynamic and seemingly new form of jazz which resounded from the vibrant nightclub scene of 52nd Street in New York City in the mid-1940s.", "jazz ï¿½reedï¿½ musician: toured with Herman, Kenton, helped found Supersax, played w/Oliver Nelson, Bill Berry and Gerald Wilson", "in 2010 - Billy Taylor dies at age 89. American jazz pianist, composer, Radio and TV broadcaster, and champian of new talent; born in Greenville, he moved to Washington, DC at the age of five. After graduating from Virginia State College with a degree in music in 1942, he relacated to New York City, where he started playing piano professionally in 1944 with Ben Webster's Quartet at the Three Deuces on 52nd Street, the very epicentre of the jazz world at the time. After an eight-month tour with the Don Redman Orchestra in Europe, Billy stayed there working in Paris and Holland, returning to New York later that year to work at the Royal Roost jazz club and with Billie Holliday in a successful show called Holiday on Broadway. The following year he became the house pianist at Birdland, performing with the likes of Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie and Miles Davis. He went on to appeared on hundreds of albums and composed more than 300 songs during his career spanning nearly 70 years. Among his many notable works is \"I Wish I Knew How It Would Feel to Be Free\", written for his daughter Kim in 1954, dealt with civil rights issues and became the unofficial anthem of the civil rights movement in the 1960s. (heart attack).", "Her next effort, 1977's two-record set Don Juan's Reckless Daughter , was another ambitious move, a collection of long, largely improvisational pieces recorded with jazz players Larry Carlton and Wayne Shorter , Chaka Khan , and a battery of Latin percussionists. Shortly after the record's release, Mitchell was contacted by the legendary jazz bassist Charles Mingus , who invited her to work with him on a musical interpretation of T.S. Eliot 's Four Quartets. Mingus , who was suffering from Lou Gehrig's disease, sketched out a series of melodies to which Mitchell added lyrics; however, Mingus died on January 5, 1979, before the record was completed. After Mitchell finished their collaboration on her own, she recorded the songs under the title Mingus , which was released the summer after the jazz titan's passing.", "At the same time Davies's scholarly interest in jazz was encouraged when Sudhalter, who had been researching a life of Bix Beiderbecke, told him of the transcripts in the American Library of Congress of the Paul Whiteman Orchestra's numbers from the 1920s. This led him to put on a concert at the Royal Festival Hall, in which he played the parts of the saxophonist Frankie Trumbauer. The cost of putting on a performance by a 28-piece orchestra meant there were only a handful of performances, though it made some excellent recordings.", "U.S. jazz legend Ornette Coleman plays the sax during his only concert in Germany at the philharmonic concert house in Essen, Germany. Coleman, the visionary saxophonist who pioneered \"free jazz\" and won a Pulitzer Prize in 2007, died Thursday in New York. He was 85.", "Rowland was the voice of the world-renowned Count Basie Orchestra between 1977 and 1983 and is featured on the Basie Band’s Grammy award-winning record “On the Road”. His musical tours in recent years have taken him to Germany, Russia, England, Spain, Portugal, Scandinavia, the Czech Republic, and Croatia. Stateside, he has performed at major jazz festivals, with the Lincoln Center Jazz Orchestra, and at Valley jazz clubs, restaurants, and performing arts venues. Rowland is also well-known to local theatergoers, appearing in Arizona Theatre Company productions of “Blue” (with Leslie Uggams), “Little Shop of Horrors” and “Blues in the Night”, as well as Phoenix Theatre productions of “Chicago” and “Once on This Island,” among others. For more information or to make a donation to his fund, visit www.dennisrowland.com..", "“I once asked Miles, ‘What are those spots on your lips?'” Hubbard recalled. “He said, ‘That’s from blowing the horn.’ Then I noticed that Harry James had spots on his lips. I did this ‘Satchmo Tour’ in Russia, and they had this big photo of Louis [Armstrong] behind the stage. I’d look up at that picture and the scar on his lip was in the same place as mine. It drilled me every time I saw it.", "• 2000 ~ Stanley Turrentine , a jazz saxophonist whose hit \"Sugar\" established him in the popular mainstream and influenced musicians in many other genres, died after suffering a stroke. He was 66. Turrentine played tenor saxophone, and mixed jazz with blues, rock, pop and rhythm and blues. He lived in Fort Washington, Md., outside Washington, D.C. \"His impact on jazz was just astonishing,\" said his agent, Robin Burgess. \"He had a large impact on fusion, electric jazz and organ trio music.\" Turrentine grew up in Pittsburgh, surrounded by music. His brother Tommy played trumpet, and the two played together in Pittsburgh while they were still in high school. Turrentine started his professional career playing with Ray Charles and Max Roach . He went solo in the 1960s and scored his biggest hit in 1970 with \"Sugar,\" which became something of a jazz standard. His blues-influenced riffs brought him commercial success with albums including \"Stan 'The Man' Turrentine,\" \"Up at Minton's,\" and \"Never Let Me Go.\"", "Saxophonist Michael Brecker, who is suffering from the blood disorder myelodyspastic syndrome (MDS), needs a bone-marrow transplant, according to an email message from his wife, Susan Brecker, posted on the Internet bulletin board All About Jazz.", "Parker's addiction to heroin caused him to miss performances and be considered unemployable. He frequently resorted to busking, receiving loans from fellow musicians and admirers, and pawning his saxophones for drug money. Heroin use was rampant in the jazz scene, and users could acquire it with little difficulty.", "In December 1943 Young returned to the Basie fold for a 10-month stint, cut short by his being drafted into the army during World War II (see below). Recordings made during this and subsequent periods suggest Young was beginning to make much greater use of a plastic reed, which tended to give his playing a somewhat heavier, breathier tone (although still quite smooth compared to that of many other players). While he never abandoned the cane reed, he used the plastic reed a significant share of the time from 1943 until the end of his life. Another cause for the thickening of his tone around this time was a change in saxophone mouthpiece from a metal Otto Link to an ebonite Brilhart. In August 1944 Young appeared alongside drummer Jo Jones, trumpeter Harry \"Sweets\" Edison, and fellow tenor saxophonist Illinois Jacquet in Gjon Mili's short film Jammin' the Blues.", "Charlie himself was a heroin addict from a young age, but was also known for being able to have seemingly endless physical limits. He drank, ate, and used drugs as much as possible until a peptic ulcer woke him up to his limits later in life. He finally passed away from a heart attack at thirty four years of age. The doctor who examined him, however, thought he was in his fifties. His last album, Jazz at Massey Hall (1953), was recorded just two years before his death.", "* Grammy Award for Best Jazz Performance, Large Group Or Soloist With Large Group for Bitches Brew (1970)", "Lew Soloff - the trumpeter who played the memorable solo on the album version of Blood, Sweat & Tears' \"Spinning Wheel\", died following a heart attack on March 8th, 2015 at the age of 71", "As good as her saxophone playing was, Ms. Cohen on the clarinet was a revelation. Using the clarinet’s upper register, she could evoke infectious joy. In the lower register, her playing could conjure a deep, soulful melancholy. On up-tempo numbers, her improvisations weren’t just bebop fast; they had a clarity and deep intelligence that is really quite rare. She made it look effortless, even as she was playing the most technically difficult of all the reed instruments. She only played a handful of songs on the clarinet that night, but every time she did, she took my breath away.", "Thanks to a relentless touring schedule and his penchant for hitting high Cs on the trumpet, Armstrong spent much of his career battling severe lip damage. He played with such force that he often split his lip wide open, and he suffered from painful scar tissue that a fellow musician once said made his lips look “as hard as a piece of wood.” Armstrong treated his lip callouses with a special salve or even removed them himself using a razor blade, but as the years passed, he began struggling to hit his signature high notes. The trumpeter was so famously hard on his “chops,” as he called them, that a certain type of lip condition is now commonly known as “Satchmo’s Syndrome.”", "The great saxophonist, who has died aged 70, added a touch of style to countless records – here are five of the best" ]	[ 6.00390625, 5.66015625, 5.0546875, 3.716796875, 3.400390625, 2.654296875, 2.21875, 1.9814453125, 0.407958984375, 0.17626953125, -0.198486328125, -4.1015625, -4.234375, -5.1171875, -5.75, -6.28125, -6.375, -6.46875, -7.109375, -7.203125, -7.421875, -7.421875, -7.6171875, -7.7109375, -8.3828125, -8.8203125, -8.8359375, -9.1484375, -9.2734375, -9.7890625, -9.8984375, -10.0390625 ]
Who ran a store selling items for left-handed people called 'The Leftorium'?	[ "The Lefttorium is a store in the Springfield Mall that specializes in products for left-handed people. The store is owned by Ned Flanders, who first started The Leftorium. At first, business at the store was going very poorly. Irritated with Flanders, Homer wished that the store would go out of business after Homer received the larger half of a wishbone.", "The Leftorium is a store in the Springfield Mall that specializes in products for left-handed people. The store is owned by Ned Flanders, who first started The Leftorium in the season 3 episode \"When Flanders Failed\". At first, business at the store was going very poorly. Irritated with Flanders, Homer wished that the store would go out of business after Homer received the larger half of a wishbone. Homer got his wish and the Flanders family were forced to sell many of their possessions, much of which Homer purchased at a very low price. The bank repossessed the Flanders home and the store was to be next. Homer then regretted making this wish and the fact that he never told any of his friends who were in need of left-handed items about The Leftorium. As a result, he managed to get everyone he knew in town to shop at Ned's store, thus saving the store.", "The Leftorium is a store in the Springfield Mall that specializes in products for left-handed people. The store is owned by Ned Flanders , who first started The Leftorium in the season 3 episode \" When Flanders Failed \". [45] At first, business at the store was going very poorly. Irritated with Flanders, Homer wished that the store would go out of business after Homer received the larger half of a wishbone . Homer got his wish and the Flanders family were forced to sell many of their possessions, much of which Homer purchased at a very low price. The bank repossessed the Flanders home and the store was to be next. Homer then regretted making this wish and the fact that he never told any of his friends who were in need of left-handed items about The Leftorium. As a result, he managed to get everyone he knew in town to shop at Ned's store, thus saving the store.", "The Leftorium is owned by Ned Flanders , who had quit his job as a pharmaceutical company clerk to open the store. At first, business at the Leftorium was very poor, due to Homer's secret wish that Flanders' store would go out of business. Homer got his wish and the Flanders family were forced to sell their personal possessions (much of which Homer purchased at a cost of $75); the bank repossessed the Flanders home; and the store was about to close. Homer later regretted making this wish and never telling any of his friends who were in need of left-handed items about The Leftorium. To atone for his misdeeds, Homer manages to get everyone he knows in town to shop at Ned's store, effectively saving it from bankruptcy.", "Ned worked as a salesperson in the pharmaceuticals industry for the bulk of his adult life. Having saved much of his earnings, Flanders announced during a barbecue he was throwing for his family and friends that he had quit his job and planned to invest the family's life savings into a new business. After burning his necktie, he proclaimed his intent to open a store in the Springfield Mall called The Leftorium specializing in products for left-handed people: everything from left-handed can openers to an entirely left-handed car, of which only three were ever made. Many of the Leftorium's products are merely labeled as \"left-handed,\" such as pens and nunchucks. He does not sell, however, left-handed eyelash curlers. [20]", "The abundance of left-handers in Springfield is most likely due to their creator, Matt Groening himself, being left-handed. The name is a portmanteau of left[-handed] and emporium.", "\"Customers who don't know President Obama is left-handed ask us if the tag line refers to his politics,\" says Kelly Kempczenski, Lefty's manager. Like Obama, the store's sales staff are all left-handed, and love demonstrating Lefty's products for the curious or the desperate.", "Hamleys is the oldest toy shop in the world and one of the world's best-known retailers of toys. Founded by William Hamley as \"Noah's Ark\" in High Holborn, London, in 1760, it moved to Regent Street in 1881.[1]", "Lefty's is one of the world's only brick-and-mortar stores catering to the left-handed. It continues a San Francisco tradition: Thirty-one years ago, Left Hand World pioneered the market, opening on Pier 39 in a tiny 350-square-foot space. The store closed a decade later, but it spawned a solid fan base. The landlord searched for a tenant to continue the store's theme in the original location, but found no takers -- including Majura, a serial retailer who opened her first Pier 39 enterprise, a refrigerator-magnet store, in 1986. Since then, she's created more than 20 themed specialty stores in tourist destinations such as Las Vegas, Hawaii and Disney World.", "Hamleys is the oldest toy shop in the world and one of the world's best-known retailers of toys. Founded by William Hamley as \"Noah's Ark\" in High Holborn, London, in 1760, it moved to its current site on Regent Street in 1881. The flagship London store is set over seven floors, with more than 50,000 toys on sale. It is considered one of the city's major tourist attractions, receiving around five million visitors each year. The chain has ten other outlets in the United Kingdom and nearly 50 franchises worldwide. Hamleys was bought by the Icelandic i ... (展开) nvestment company Baugur Group in 2003 but was taken over by Baugur's main investor, the Icelandic bank Landsbanki when the group defaulted. In 2012, the French toy retailer Groupe Ludendo bought the business for £60 million. In October 2015 it was reported that Groupe Ludendo was negotiating the sale of the toy retailer, possibly to a Hong Kong company owned by a relative of the owner of department store House of Fraser.", "* Left-handedness is less common than right-handedness. Left-handed people are more skillful with their left hands when performing tasks. Studies suggest that approximately 10% of the world population is left-handed. ", "\"Many left-handers have already adapted to regular products, but half of the people who try one of our left-handed products buy it,\" says Kempczenski, recalling how her elementary school teacher tried to make her use her right hand. \"I use left-handed pens and scissors myself, and they're really useful.\"", "Baum was left handed, and gave the trait to his character Ojo in The Patchwork Girl of Oz . Ojo believes himself to be unlucky because of his left-handedness, but ultimately becomes known as Ojo the Lucky.", "The company was founded in 1918 by the technically minded Clas Ohlson (1895–1979), as a mail order business based in the Swedish village of Insjön, Dalarna. Initially, only manuals and technical literature were sold, thus allowing people who lived in rural communities to obtain literature that would otherwise be unavailable. He opened his first shop in Insjön in 1926, but it was not until 1989, when the company opened a store in a shopping centre in central Stockholm, that it expanded into the retail business. Since then, expansion has been rapid. There are now stores throughout Sweden, Norway and Finland.", "It is normal for the majority of the people to be right-handed. So to be a left-handed was considered unfavorable and in fact in some cultures use of left hand is strongly condemned and children with a tendency to use their left hand are forced to use their right hand. It is believed that about 20% of the population belongs to the category of southpaws.", "Over 2500 left handed people a year are killed from using products made for right handed people. \"left\" in Latin is \"sinister\" and \"right\" is \"dexter\". ", "For the \"wrong handed\" people...Over 2500 left handed people a year are killed from using products made for right handed people! That means DEATH ", "Some left-handed people consider themselves oppressed, even to the point of prejudice. Etymology often lends weight to the argument:", "According to the Other Wiki , left handed people can develop ambidexterity much more easily then right handed people. When you think about it, it isn't all that unbelievable.", "Statistics show that older people are less likely to be left-handed than their younger counterparts — the percentages of left-handed people sharply drop off with increased age. In the U.S., 12 percent of 20 year olds are left-handed, while only 5 percent of 50 year olds and less than 1 percent of people over 80 are. [34]", "Left-handers suffered severe prejudice during the 18th and 19th centuries and it was often \"beaten out\" of people [ citation needed ]", "That’s right. Eight Presidents are known to be left-handed, and James A. Garfield was the first. In fact, President Garfield holds quite a number of presidential firsts.", "Knowing these words can be useful in certain situations. Since most right handed people use their right hand to manipulate a pointing device such as a mouse or touchpad , their left hand is free to remain on the keyboard when doing computer tasks. Left hand-exclusive words can be a good and efficient choice for usernames and passwords, particularly when combined with some of the numbers and symbols on this side of the keyboard. The numbers 1 2 3 4 and 5 are easily accessible by the left hand and can be a perfect accompaniment to left handed usernames and passwords.", "A rare left-handed version of the jazz guitarist Barney Kessel artist model, built sometime in the first half of the 1960s.", "Since about 10 percent of the population is left-handed, it should come as no surprise that there have been many famous lefties over the years. Here are just a few examples:", "When you are buying tomething in the shop try to give money by your right hand and take the change by left.", "Over 2500 left handed people are killed each year from using products made for right handed people.", "Delany's New Mart was opened in 1853 in Dublin, Ireland. Unlike others, Delany's had not evolved gradually from a smaller shop on site. Thus it could claim to be the first purpose-built Department Store in the world. The word department store had not been invented at that time and thus it was called the \"Monster House\". The store was completely destroyed in the 1916 Easter Rising, but reopened in 1922. ", "left - location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east; \"she stood on the left\"", "Quote: \"some strange person has decided they want to to be a left hander and so (badly) cut a second control panel hole.\" ", "i can make my left thumb go all the way backward and forwards. i can't do anything with my right hand though. I'm a righty so it's funny.", "The word \"dexter\" whose meaning refers to the right hand is typed with only the left hand." ]	[ 6.34765625, 6.15234375, 6.14453125, 3.26953125, 1.509765625, -2.90234375, -3.16796875, -3.2734375, -3.4453125, -4.671875, -5.64453125, -6.24609375, -6.25390625, -6.8125, -6.93359375, -6.96484375, -7.375, -7.515625, -7.57421875, -7.7890625, -7.89453125, -7.9375, -8.1875, -8.5390625, -8.640625, -9.4375, -9.5234375, -9.5859375, -9.6640625, -9.6796875, -10.125, -10.40625 ]
What is the name of the shop run by Apu?	[ "Apu Nahasapeemapetilon is a cartoon character in the animated television series The Simpsons. He is voiced by Hank Azaria and first appeared in the episode \"The Telltale Head\". Apu is the Indian immigrant proprietor of the Kwik-E-Mart, a popular convenience store in Springfield, and well known for his accent and catchphrase, \"Thank you, come again.\" ", "Kwik-E-Mart is a convenience store located in Springfield and run by Apu Nahasapeemapetilon. The Kwik-E-Mart first appeared in the first season episode \"The Telltale Head\" (although mentioned in \"Bart the General\" as the \"Quick-e-Mart\"). The episode \"Homer and Apu\" suggests that Apu is an employee of the Kwik-E-Mart and after losing his job there had to travel to India where the Kwik-E-Mart head office is located, in the Himalayas. However, Apu mentions at a bachelor auction that he runs his own business in \"The Two Mrs. Nahasapeemapetilons\".", "Kwik-E-Mart is a convenience store located in Springfield and run by Apu Nahasapeemapetilon . The Kwik-E-Mart first appeared in the first season episode \" The Telltale Head \" (although mentioned in \" Bart the General \" as the \"Quick-e-Mart\"). The episode \" Homer and Apu \" suggests that Apu is an employee of the Kwik-E-Mart and after losing his job there had to travel to India where the Kwik-E-Mart head office is located, in the Himalayas . However, Apu mentions at a bachelor auction that he runs his own business in \" The Two Mrs. Nahasapeemapetilons \".", "Sanjay (voiced by Harry Shearer), Apu's brother, helps run the Kwik-E-Mart. Sanjay has a daughter named Pahasatira, and a son named Jamshed, all of whom share the Nahasapeemapetilon surname. Apu has another younger brother, who is only mentioned in \"The Two Mrs. Nahasapeemapetilons\", where Apu was shown on a chart as the oldest of three. Apu also has a cousin living in India named Kavi, also voiced by Hank Azaria, who helped Homer while he was in India. Kavi works for several American companies taking service calls using General American, cowboy, and Jamaican accents. ", "Apu sets about redeeming himself by assisting the Simpsons in all of their endeavors. At a Wal-Mart like megastore, for example, Apu illustrates the keen understanding of the human psyche he picked up during his time at Kwik-E-Mart by helping Marge find the fastest line. It’s also the longest, but as Apu helpfully explains, it’s stocked entirely by depressed single men eager to pay cash and get the hell out as quickly as possible. At Kwik-E-Mart, meanwhile, James Woods replaces Apu to help him prepare for an upcoming role as a convenience store clerk.", "Apu once installed sixteen gas pumps in the parking lot on the Kwik-E-Mart to compete with a rival store, the Gas'N'Gulp . However, a round of redirected mortar shells from Fort Springfield promptly ruined his hard work. The store itself also appeared to be destroyed: the \"K\" in the store's name landed on the fort grounds moments later. [4] However, a later episode showed gas pumps at the Kwik-E-Mart. [5]", "The Kwik-E-Mart isn't all that convenient of a store with Apu gouging the customers for all they've got. It sells the standard convenience store fare at extraordinarily high prices, such as milk for $12, \"surprisingly expensive penny candy\" or Valentine's Day chocolates for $100 and including the always popular tasty frozen soft drink Squishee. Once during a holdup, Apu refused to give Homer change to call the police from a payphone. Instead, due to the store's policy of \"no change without purchase\", Apu directed Homer to the cheapest item in the store: a 6 oz bag of Chippos potato chips at $5.99 (to which Homer whispered shouts of \"$5.99?! Someone should shoot you!\").", "Apu has been a playable character in several Simpsons games. He is the only non-Simpson family playable character in the video game The Simpsons: Hit and Run , and his standard vehicle is a yellow version of his Pontiac Firebird called \"Longhorn\". He is in the fifth level which is downtown Springfield at night, where he tries to find the source of Buzz Cola and, with Bart Simpson , uncovers the alien reality TV show that has fuelled many of the game's events.", "The Body Shop is an iconic British retail brand with an extensive and growing global presence. It now employs more than 22,000 people in over 60 countries around the world. It has exported innovative products, campaigns that matter, an ethical approach to business and its unique English irreverence to countries all over the globe.", "Next door to the Shoprite is is another huge modern shop called Game which sells DIY stuff, camping chairs, torches, batteries etc. There is also a chicken and chips cafe, a souvenir shop, a couple of banks, a phone shop etc.", "The first store in South Asia was opened in Mumbai , India, on 9 April 2010. [10] The 22,000-square-foot (2,000 m2) store is located in an upmarket shopping district in India's financial capital. A second store in India is located in the city of Chennai at the Express Avenue Mall. The 11,000 sq ft store has a London bus that customers can walk up through. It now has ten stores in India, including two stores in Delhi , Ahmedabad , Bangalore , two stores in Mumbai, Pune and Chandigarh . [20] Hamleys also opened its first store in the ‘City Of Joy’ at Quest Mall, Kolkata. It is also the first store of Hamleys in Eastern India. With this addition, the iconic brand is now present in 8 cities with 14 stores across India.", "Fred Elliott and his son Ashley also ran the Corner Shop for a time before ownership was passed on to businessman Ravi Desai and his children Nita and Vikram. While both Ravi and Nita were relatively short-term characters, I did like Vikram, particularly his relationship with Steve MacDonald at Streetcars. Unfortunately the arrival of the Desai's ultimately led to Dev Alahan making an appearance. Dev was Vikram's cousin and took over the shop after the family left. Originally Dev ran the shop as part of a chain, however following Mad Maya's reign of terror, most of these disappeared (along with his countless other children) or were sold off. After being burned to the ground by Maya and then destroyed by a careering tram, we haven't seen much of the shop in recent times. I think it's time for a change of ownership.", "Naturals is a chain of ice cream stores that serves up tasty and unconventional flavors of ice creams. Try their tender coconut or the coffee walnut ice creams. Its main branch is in Juhu in the Western suburbs (hence the tagline - 'Ice cream of Juhu Scheme'), but it has franchises at many places including Marine Drive, Bandra, Nepean sea road, etc. Naturals is also famous for its seasonal \"Sitaphal\" or Custard Apple Ice-cream. Baskins-Robbins is an international ice cream chain having its presence throughout the city. Also there are a number of shops in malls amongst other places which serve Italian Gelato ice cream.", "Ascended Meme : The Simpsons park at Universal Studios Florida sells several personalized souvenirs at their gift shop. Bort is one of the name options and of course, they sell out fast.", "Fruit Bizz (Adyar signal), left corner building from ananda bhavan road to guindy. This is one of the best juice shops very famous in adyar region. Shop open from morning 10AM till 1AM. ₹30-50. ", "In 2012, Amazon announced the launch of Vine.com for buying green products, including groceries, household items, and apparel. It is part of Quidsi, the company that Amazon bought in 2010 that also runs the sites Diapers.com (baby), Wag.com (pets), and YoYo.com (toys). Amazon also owns other e-commerce sites like Shopbop.com, Woot.com, and Zappos.com.", "Jain Dry Fruits Shop, Kukar Bazaar, Lal Chowk, ☎ 9419006857. Rates. Rs.550/kg for Badam and Rs.500/kg for Akruts. Contact Person: Anil Kumar Jain edit", "A store concept called \"UT Project\", a futuristic convenience store for T-shirts, was launched on April 28, 2007 in Harajuku, Tokyo. Each T-shirt style is displayed on forms in stainless steel display cases, with individual T-shirts packaged in clear plastic canisters resembling tennis ball cans. The T-shirts are stored on open shelves, making the shopping experience virtually self-service.", "Quidsi, Inc., a subsidiary of Amazon, is one of the fastest-growing e-commerce retailers in the world. We own and operate nine retail sites, selling everything from baby needs (Diapers.com) to pet foods (Wag.com) to green and organic goods (Vine.com).", "Oasis, 112-114 Corporation St, +44 121 233 4488, [108] . M-Sa 10AM-5PM. A large and intertwining collection of several small retailers over four floors, specialising in goth and alternative clothing and accessories.", "Pop World, 14 Bigg Market, ☎ +44 191 232 0058. M and W-Th 7PM-11:30PM, F 7PM-1AM, Sa 7PM-2AM, Su 7PM-12:30AM. Closed Tu. Disgustingly awful edit", "The Lowry Outlet Mall contains outlet stores of well-known high-street businesses, including Cadbury's, Marks & Spencer and Gap. The mall contains coffee shops and convenience food chains, and a multi-screen cinema operated by Vue. Outside the mall, a bar and several restaurants overlook the Lowry plaza.", "Millennium Mall, Gulshan-e-Iqbal. Includes shops, restaurants, indoor kids theme park, superstore, 6D cinema, cocktail bar and a bowling alley.", "Whitegoods, stereo equipment and accessories. Music CDs, DVDs, PC and other console games. Open :Mon, Tue, Wed 10AM - 3PM, Thu, Fri 10AM - 6PM, Sat 9AM - 12:30PM Ph / Fax :+61 8 9164 8184", "Waterstone's, (On the corner of Hill and Red Lion Sts). Branch of a big chainstore. edit", "Avis Rent-A-Car, Avis House, 6 Degema CLose, Off Park Lane, Apapa GRA, ☎ +234 803 718 7000, + 234 1 764 6442 ( reservations@avisng.com ), [3] . edit", "Sansar Asian Food (Cancap Azi Xool), Ikh Tooyruu St (From the East Crossroad, north past the Kempinski Hotel, on the east side of the street, about 400 m), ☎ 88080005NOCC. 24 hours. US$10. ", "Your account’s overdrawn buy clomid online fast delivery Alibaba offers an alternative. Its Alipay subsidiary, an online payment service similar to PayPal, accounts for roughly half of all online payment transactions within China. Alipay also provides an escrow service that allows shoppers confirm they're satisfied with items before money is released. This extra level of consumer assurance has contributed significantly to e-commerce's growth.", "There are many tea shops that serve tea and cookies. Also many juice vendors right outside the Mosque that sell Apple, Mango and Strawberry juice for 1 SAR.", "Kolkata tycoon Sanjeev Goenka and Indian ODI and T20 skipper MS Dhoni have shown interest in acquiring IPL clubs which will be up for the grabs. Both, it is reliably learnt, have informed the Board for Control of Cricket in India (BCCI) that they have the requisite support to acquire the teams, whose base price starts from Rs 40 crore onwards. Sanjeev Goenka, who heads Kolkata-based RPG Sanjeev Goenka group, has shown interest in acquiring a team from any other city than Kolkata, whose franchisee is currently owned by filmstar Shah Rukh Khan. Goenka, who owns the Atletico Kolkata club in Indian Soccer League (ISL), has been urged to invest in cricket by former Indian skipper Saurav Ganguly, a partner in his soccer project. The CAB president", "The service, which Amazon India is calling a pilot, will be available only via mobile. With Kirana Now, Amazon aims to deliver the goods \"within 2-4 hours\" using its own logistics, the neighbourhood store's staff, or one of its logistics partners. These stores will be listed just like other sellers on Amazon, which operates as a pure marketplace in India.", "Amazon Digital Cybercafe and Document Center located next to MTN Service Centre in Metroplex Mall, Naalya. Contact +256 781 835 094." ]	[ 5.09375, 4.953125, 4.92578125, 2.380859375, 1.1875, 1.0390625, 0.3427734375, -0.93310546875, -6.15625, -6.73046875, -6.91796875, -6.92578125, -7.74609375, -7.7578125, -7.921875, -7.94921875, -8.2265625, -8.3203125, -8.3671875, -8.4609375, -8.5859375, -8.765625, -9.1015625, -9.1171875, -9.3203125, -9.3515625, -9.3828125, -9.421875, -9.65625, -10.078125, -10.1484375, -10.7265625 ]
What are the names of the twins in Bart's class at school?	[ "The Simpsons episode \"Treehouse of Horror V\" includes a parody titled \"The Shinning\". In addition, Sherri and Terri, the twins in Bart's 4th grade class, are visually similar to the Grady girls. ", "Sherri and Terri Mackleberry, voiced by Russi Taylor, are identical twin sisters with long purple hair and pale skin. They perpetually reinforce their identities as twins, with things such as making up their own 'twin' language. They are in the same class as Bart at Springfield Elementary School. In \"Homer's Odyssey\" it is revealed that their father is Homer's supervisor at the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant. He fires Homer for causing an accident while waving to Bart from a cart during a school tour of the plant. Homer, however, has the last laugh when he is promoted above the twins' father to safety inspector by his boss Mr. Burns. Their mother is shown in \"Bart Sells His Soul\" and looks just like her daughters. Sherri is two seconds older than Terri; they share their birthday with Rod Flanders.", "Wendell Borton is a perpetually nauseated and very pale boy with worried eyes and curly hair. He first appears in \"Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire\" although his first speaking appearance is in \"Homer's Odyssey\". He becomes especially sick on field trips, with a tendency to become even paler than usual. He makes frequent appearances at the school nurse's office at Springfield Elementary School. A classmate of Bart Simpson, Wendell is most often seen with classmates Richard, Lewis, and Martin. He voted for Martin Prince, thus making Bart lose in the class election, and ensuring Martin's victory. He is one of the few characters (like Bart, Lisa, Maggie, and Barney Gumble in season one) whose hair is the same color as his skin. Throughout the series, Wendell has been voiced by Jo Ann Harris, Pamela Hayden, Nancy Cartwright, and Russi Taylor.", "―Bart's catchphrase Bartholomew [3] JoJo Reference \"Bart\" Simpson (born April 1 [4] /February 23 [5] ), also known as \" El Barto ,\" \"The boy\" ( Homer Simpson ), and \" Bartman ,\" is the tritagonist of The Simpsons . He is the mischievous, rebellious, misunderstood and \"potentially dangerous\" eldest child of Homer and Marge Simpson , and the older brother of Lisa and Maggie . He also has been nicknamed Cosmo, after discovering a comet in \" Bart's Comet \". Bart's also been on the cover on numerous comics, such as \"Critical Hit\", \"Simpsons Treasure Trove #11\" and \"Winter Wingding\". Bart also has a whole comic series known as the Simpson Comics Presents Bart Simpson. Bart is loosely based on Matt Groening and his older brother, Mark.", "In \" Treehouse of Horror VII \" segment \"The Thing and I\", it is known Marge gave birth to Siamese twins: Bart and Hugo . Hugo was thought evil, so was kept in the house's attic. Hugo attempts to sew him and Bart back together, but he is stopped by Doctor Hibbert. They then discover Bart's scar is on the other side, so he is the evil twin after all and is kept in the attic instead, while Hugo has dinner with his family.", "Bart shares a sibling rivalry with his younger sister, Lisa, but has a buddy-like relationship with his youngest sister Maggie, due to her infant state. While Bart has often hurt Lisa, and even fought her physically, the two are often very close. Bart cares for Lisa deeply and has always apologized for going too far. He also believes Lisa to be his superior when it comes to solving problems and frequently goes to her for advice. Bart is also highly protective of Lisa: When a bully destroys her box of cupcakes in \"Bart the General\", (season one, 1990), Bart immediately stands up for her.", "In Treehouse of Horror VII, Bart learns that he has a twin brother named Hugo .", "A lute-playing, tattle-telling teacher’s pet, Martin Prince is the smartest kid in Bart’s class, a fact that he proudly mentions whenever possible. Perhaps not coincidentally, he is disliked by most of his classmates at school, as well as many of the teachers. Martin is the leader of the Super Friends, a group of misfit brainiac kids who meet secretly in the school’s deserted boiler room, where they can do extra-credit projects without fear of reprisal from their fellow students.", "When both Fourth Grade classes are merged together, Bart is forced to sit next to Nikki McKenna who at first seems annoyed with Bart. She soon warms up to him though and become very close, until Bart kisses her, seemingly putting her off him. After a no touching policy is imposed on the school, Nikki kisses Bart again, confusing Bart. This hot then cold relationship continues between them until Bart gets knocked unconscious. Nikki gives him CPR and mouth to mouth to resuscitate him but then tells Bart that she'll never tell him why she was hot then cold. [10]", "Lisa enrolls in a dance school run by a former child star; Bart and Milhouse camp out at a shopping mall for a week.", "The Walsh Family moves to Beverly Hills, where the twins, Brenda and Brandon, meet new friends during their first week at West Beverly High School; Brandon falls for the most popular girl in the school while Brenda pretends to be a college student to romance a young lawyer.", "Springfield Elementary School is an elementary school which Bart Simpson , Lisa Simpson , and many other children of Springfield , such as Nelson Muntz , Janey Powell , Jimbo Jones , Martin Prince , Ralph Wiggum and Milhouse Van Houten attend.", "Springfield Elementary School is an elementary school which Bart Simpson , Lisa Simpson , and many other children of Springfield, such as Nelson Muntz, Janey Powell, Martin Prince, Ralph Wiggum, and Milhouse Van Houten attend.", "Reese Witherspoon and Wolfgang Puck are guest voices as Bart and Milhouse fight over a girl. The object of their affection � and altercation � is Greta Wolfcastle (Witherspoon), the daughter of action-film star Rainier Wolfcastle (Puck). After Bart and his slingshot rescue her backpack from bullies, Greta is immediately smitten. But her crush is unrequited, and the oblivious Bart blows off a date with her in order to harass Principal Skinner at his stand-up comedy debut. Clued to Greta's feelings, Bart breaks off the relationship � until Milhouse steps in. It's only then, in the name of love, that Bart asks his parents' help to win Greta back by following her to her dad's film set...in Toronto.", "\" Bart Has Two Mommies \": Marge babysits for Rod and Todd that goes against Ned's strict parenting, while Bart gets kidnapped by a chimp who turns out to be Mr. Teeny's mom.", "\" Double, Double, Boy in Trouble \": Bart trades places with a rich boy named Simon who looks just like him, but he discovers that Simon's step-siblings are planning to do him in to get his inheritance.", "\" Stealing First Base \": Bart becomes the object of affection and contempt for a Tsundere fourth grader named Nikki. Meanwhile, Michelle Obama encourages Lisa to be smart and Nelson teaches a blind boy how to be a bully.", "A new girl from Phoenix, Arizona, called Samantha Stanky starts at Springfield Elementary School and Milhouse falls in love with her. She also starts falling for him. To Bart's dismay and anger, Milhouse and Samantha start a relationship and, rather than playing with Bart after school in his treehouse, Milhouse brings Samantha with him and spends the entire time kissing her. They ignore Bart, leaving nothing for him to do but leave. In order to restore the previous status quo, Bart calls Samantha's father and lets him know what's going on. So Mr. Stanky rushes to Bart's treehouse and takes her away before she can even explain. She is sent to St. Sebastian's school for Wicked Girls, an all-girls convent school. Bart lets Milhouse know that he told on him and Samantha and they fight over Bart's actions. Milhouse visits Samantha at the convent school and Bart apologizes to her, but she say it is OK - she loves Saint Sebastian's. However, she still has feelings for Milhouse and gives him a goodbye kiss, despite her knowingly violating school rules.", "\" Holidays of Future Passed \": In this latest \"look-into-the-future\" episode (and the episode that would have been the series finale ), Bart and Lisa are now parents trying to raise their children (Bart is a divorced dad who now lives in an apartment complex that used to be the elementary school while Lisa — after a string of gay and straight relationships — is married to Milhouse and has a rebellious teenage daughter) while Maggie is a single, celebrity mother-to-be trying to get to the hospital before her baby comes.", "\" New Kids on the Blecch \": Bart and some of his schoolmates become the newest boy band sensation — but Lisa discovers that they're being used for sinister purposes.", "When Lisa 's saxophone is destroyed during a scuffle with Bart , the family recounts the story of how she got her instrument during the terrible heat wave of 1990, and replace it with a new one at the end. Meanwhile, Bart has a rough time after the first day of school (thanks to that uncaring teacher), but ends being a school prankster.", "Ralph has been shown with different children all the time. One time Bart stood up for him to the bullies and befriended him, [17] but most of the time he isn't bullied. He is more commonly shown with the rest of the second", "Bart swaps IQ tests with the class brain and ends up the butt of everyone's jokes at a school for gifted kids.", "To snitch or not to snitch? That's the question Bart faces when, after avoiding Principal Skinner while playing hooky, the boy sneaks into the Quimby residence and witnesses an altercation between fratboy-ish Freddie Quimby and a French waiter. (The reason for the fight: the correct pronunciation of the word \"chowder.\") Moral dilemmas, Kennedy family jabs, a Terminator-like Skinner and the \"director's cut\" of Free Willy — what more could you ask for?", "The Bad Beginning. Series of Unfortunate Events: 1: Bestseller. The Baudelaire siblings -- Violet, fourteen; Klaus, twelve; and Sunny, a teething toddler -- are charming and clever, but \"magnets for misfortune.\" In shhort order, they are orphaned, denied access to their inheritance until Violet comes of age, and sent to live with a repulsive relative, Count Olaf. For grades 4-7. 1999. BR013626 , DB050907", "During the first two seasons of The Simpsons, Bart was the show's breakout character and \"Bartmania\" ensued, spawning Bart Simpson-themed merchandise touting his rebellious attitude and pride at underachieving, which caused many parents and educators to cast him as a bad role model for children. Around the third season, the series started to focus more on the family as a whole, though Bart still remains a prominent character. Time named Bart one of the 100 most important people of the 20th century, and he was named \"entertainer of the year\" in 1990 by Entertainment Weekly. Nancy Cartwright has won several awards for voicing Bart, including a Primetime Emmy Award in 1992 and an Annie Award in 1995. In 2000, Bart, along with the rest of his family, was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.", "Bart, like the rest of his family, has yellow skin. Bart has blonde hair done up in spikes. Bart usually wears an orange T-shirt, blue shorts and blue-and-white trainers. When the Simpson family goes to church in the episodes, or to school events or shows, Bart wears a blue suit with a white shirt, a purple tie, blue shorts and a blue jacket.", "In 1994, the naming of a new elementary school in Greenwood, South Carolina was left up to the students, and the name Springfield Elementary was chosen. The school board was unaware of the connection to The Simpsons until a protest by one group of parents, who argued that Bart was a poor role model. The name stood, and the school opened in August 1994. Bart Simpson weighed in on the controversy, in a statement from the Fox Network where he said \"at least they didn't call it Beavis and Butt-head Elementary\". [49] [50]", "7. Dustin Hoffman had an uncredited speaking role in the show's second season, playing Lisa's kindly substitute teacher Mr. Bergstrom. Hoffman wasn't sure he wanted to be identified with a cartoon show at the time, so he chose the name \"Sam Etic\" in the closing credits -- a play on the word semitic, alluding to the fact that he and Mr. Bergstrom are Jewish.", "In 1994, the naming of a new elementary school in Greenwood, South Carolina , was left up to the students, and the name Springfield Elementary was chosen. The school board was unaware of the connection to The Simpsons until a protest by one group of parents, who argued that Bart was a poor role model. The name stood, and the school opened in August 1994. Bart Simpson weighed in on the controversy, in a statement from the Fox Network where he said “at least they didn’t call it Beavis and Butt-head Elementary”. [52] [53]", "The children appear to be home-schooled, receiving all the education they require from Grandmama and Uncle Fester. An attempt was made to enroll them in the local elementary school, but it did not work out, initially. In later episodes of the television series however, they are depicted as attending the public school.", "Lisa arrives at the school by mistake, one of the differences is that they teach French at this school. It was in the episode \"Trilogy of Error\"." ]	[ 5.06640625, 3.2578125, -0.1429443359375, -0.595703125, -0.81591796875, -0.9208984375, -1.0302734375, -1.220703125, -1.96875, -2.640625, -2.818359375, -2.978515625, -3.12890625, -3.189453125, -3.197265625, -3.29296875, -3.357421875, -3.548828125, -4.109375, -4.3359375, -4.39453125, -5.0546875, -5.0859375, -5.2421875, -5.39453125, -5.83984375, -6.7109375, -6.89453125, -6.953125, -6.96484375, -6.99609375, -7.98046875 ]
Who did Lisa have her first kiss with?	[ "Of all the boys Lisa encountered, the most desperate and most prominent one was Milhouse Van Houten , who always makes attempts to win Lisa's heart. On one occasion, in order to go on a school trip to Italy, Lisa was forced to learn Italian from Milhouse, who has been to Italy countless times. This nearly caused Lisa to develop a crush on him, until she finds out that Milhouse is with another girl, [22] prompting her to chase Milhouse angrily with a broom. Lisa once tried to bring Milhouse to a school dance in Springfield Elementary but finds out that he's been taken. [23] When Milhouse's parents were reported lost at sea and Milhouse became a loner, Lisa and several other girls became attracted to his new personality. One time when Milhouse fell in love with a new girl named Taffy , Lisa got them to break up, and Lisa kissed him for the first time, and at the same time, she said that she is not sure if she loves him. [24]", "Milhouse was seen making out with Paris Texan , who is nearly 20. This may be due to Milhouse wearing cool clothes at the moment. [20] Milhouse have also date Taffy , and Lisa began to follow the. After a while, realized Taffy to Milhouse will always be in love with Lisa and broke up the relationship. Lisa then decided to kiss him for the first time but explained that she does not yet know if she loves him. [21] Although Lisa pointed out in a previous episode that she kissed Milhouse. [22]", "Marge decides that the family should share their romantic experiences. Marge tells of her near-affair with Jacques the bowling instructor (\" Life on the Fast Lane \") and Homer of his near-affair with Mindy Simmons (\" The Last Temptation of Homer \"). Lisa tells about Ralph Wiggum's crush on her (\" I Love Lisa \") and Bart about his crush on Laura Powers (\" New Kid on the Block \"). In search of a love story with a happy ending, they next talk about other family members' experiences (\" Black Widower \", \" Lady Bouvier's Lover \"), but still don't find one. Finally, Homer tells the story of his and Marge's first kiss (\" The Way We Was \"), which Homer describes as \"one time I got it right\". Marge and Homer joyfully kiss at having found a happy ending, and Marge tries to tell the kids that's what she means by romance, but the kids have already lost interest in the story and are watching Itchy & Scratchy.", "A few years later, Lisa rejects Milhouse's offer to marry him saying she doesn't intend to ever get married. At age 23, Lisa is in college and falls in love with a British man named Hugh Parkfield who she then becomes engaged to. When she introduces Hugh to her family, they embarrass her and he quickly grows to hate them. Hugh plans to take her back to England where Lisa will lose all her contact with them, however she dumps him since she would rather have her family. [19]", "Lisa's first boyfriend is a less-than-stellar schoolmate, Nelson Muntz . Lisa once had a crush on him after she found herself strangely attracted to his grungy lifestyle enough to ask him out. After Nelson lied to Lisa about something, she decided to break up with him. However, since then their romantic relationship has been referred to several times throughout the series, most notably in the Season 22 episode, Loan-a Lisa , in which Lisa invests in Nelson's business venture. The episode ends with Nelson taking Lisa rollerblading and the pair holding hands, hinting at a possible future romance.", "Lisa had met countless boys during the course of her life. Her dream crush is a heartthrob from local teen magazines, Corey. Lisa admitted to Homer that she liked a boy from school Langdon Alger but she was only joking. Before Trappuccino , Lisa fell in love with an Irish environmental boy named Colin . Colin can play the piano, guitar, trumpet, drums, and the bass guitar. Lisa tells Marge that the best part about him is that he's not imaginary.", "The Simpsons uses a floating timeline in which the characters do not physically age; as such, Lisa is always depicted as 7–8 years old. The show itself is perpetually set in the year of broadcast (except for occasional flashbacks and flashforwards). In several episodes, events have been linked to specific time periods, although this timeline has been contradicted in subsequent episodes. Lisa's year of birth is given in \"Lisa's First Word\" (season 4, 1992) as 1984, during the Summer Olympics. The episode \"That '90s Show\" (season 19, 2008), however, contradicts much of the established backstory; for example, it presents Homer and Marge as being childless in the late 1990s. Lisa is a lover of music, especially jazz. She enjoys playing the saxophone and became friends with jazz musician Bleeding Gums Murphy, whom she regards as an idol. Murphy helps pull Lisa out of her depression in \"Moaning Lisa\" (season 1, 1990). She is later deeply saddened by Murphy's death in \"'Round Springfield\" (season 6, 1995). ", "Lisa enters into a doomed romance when she attempts to change Nelson Muntz, the school bully she develops a crush on. Meanwhile, Homer discovers quick cash in telemarketing fraud.", "This high school series was famous for its romantic pairings, but it was the interracial hookup between Zack and Lisa that elicited the strongest fan response. \"We got thousands of letters,\" says exec producer Peter Engel, 55. \"But it wasn't, 'How could there be a black and white kiss?' It was, 'How could Zack kiss Screech's girlfriend?' I was proud of that.\"", "Lisa has been friendly with several boys, including Ralph Wiggum in \"I Love Lisa\" (season 4, 1993), Nelson Muntz in \"Lisa's Date with Density\" (season 8, 1996) and Colin in The Simpsons Movie (2007). Bart's best friend Milhouse Van Houten has a crush on her, but despite dropping unsubtle hints about his feelings, he has been unsuccessful in winning her affection.", "In the past Lisa has collaborated with Ben Edlund (Firefly, Angel) and Doc Hammer (The Venture Brothers) on such films as Crawley. Her feature film Pus$bucket, from the Broadway Musical, caused a few near-riots, and has been canonized in the cult movie world. Turn of the Century, a Victorian kooky-spooky variety show has been released worldwide and stars Courtney Love, Tiny Tim, Thurston Moore, and Dame Darcy. Lisa and Dame Darcy created several short films together: The Dance of Death, The Misfortunes of Christine Crappleshire, The Foundling, Cards With Cards, and May I Cut In? Hammer created the award-winning cult NYC TV show POX (with partner Chris O'Leary). The Pox Show and the movie have been graced with the talents of: Jon Benjamin, Jonathan Katz, Eve Plumb, Arden Myrin, Leo Allen, Levi Wilson, Lisa Ferber, James Duval and Clayne Crawford.", "the first kisses between Charles and American girl Carrie (Andie MacDowell) in her room, when she showed him different kinds of kisses (from pecks to open-mouthed) - after explaining: (\"So I noticed the bride and groom didn't kiss in the church which is kind of strange. Where I come from, kissing is very big...I always worry I'll go too far, you know, in the heat of the moment\") - and then after a very passionate kiss, he remarked to her: (\"That might be taking it a little far\")", "Sheen kisses Lisa Kudrow in his appearance on the hit show \"Friends\" in 1996. (NBC) Share Back to slideshow navigation", "Lisa kissed him on the top of head. ï¿½Never mind, Dear. Iï¿½ll make it up to you later.ï¿½", "While trying to get Maggie to say her first words, Homer recalls what happened a few years back when Lisa was born, when they first moved into their present home, and what Lisa said her first words. Elizabeth Taylor provides Maggie's first word.", "Monica - During a party in his college dorm room, Ross mistook Monica for Rachel on his dorm room bed (\" The One Where The Stripper Cries \"). He was Monica's, \"first kiss ever!\"", "After the two started dating for several years, Marge discovered she was pregnant with Bart, and she and Homer were married in a small wedding chapel across the state line. Lisa was born soon after, and the couple bought their first house.", "The Simpsons uses a floating timeline in which the characters never physically age, and, as such, the show is generally assumed to be set in the current year. Nevertheless, in several episodes, events in Homer's life have been linked to specific time periods. \"Mother Simpson\" (season seven, 1995) depicts Homer's mother, Mona, as a radical who went into hiding in 1969 following a run-in with the law; \"The Way We Was\" (season two, 1991) shows Homer falling in love with Marge Bouvier as a senior at Springfield High School in 1974; and \"I Married Marge\" (season three, 1991) implies that Marge became pregnant with Bart in 1980. However, the episode \"That '90s Show\" (season 19, 2008) contradicted much of this backstory, portraying Homer and Marge as a childless couple in the early 1990s. ", "Confirmed by Word of God ; Jackson did develop feelings for Lisa over the eight weeks he had to watch her. Not nice feelings, but feelings nevertheless.", "Virgin in a White Dress : In a Flash Forward episode where we see Lisa's wedding, she and Marge briefly discuss this as they are a church-going family.", "Before settling with Lisa, Will pretty much had a different girlfriend per episode. Hilary is sometimes hinted to be quite promiscuous as well.", "She was at first wary of Homer, but agreed to go to the prom with him, although she ended up going with Artie Ziff. However, she regretted going with Artie and ended up with Homer. After the two started dating for several years, Marge discovered she was pregnant with Bart, and she and Homer were married in a small wedding chapel across the state line. Bart was born soon after, and the couple bought their first house.", "For some reason, the writers have really loved writing romance plots for Bart and Lisa in recent seasons. Occasionally it's all well and good, but these characters are still canonically eight and ten years old, and Bart's been written as making out with a teenager!", "Lisa enrolls in a dance school run by a former child star; Bart and Milhouse camp out at a shopping mall for a week.", "The kiss, between actors Lloyd Reckord and Elizabeth MacLennan, predates by six years the famous kiss between Kirk and Uhura in the third series of Star Trek, the first on US TV. It was also broadcast two years before a kiss between doctors on the British prime time soap Emergency Ward 10.", "According to PETA, Lisa was one of the first vegetarian characters on primetime television. In 2004 the organization included Lisa on its list of the \"Most Animal-Friendly TV Characters of All Time\". In 2008, environmentalist website The Daily Green honored Lisa's role in The Simpsons Movie with one of its inaugural \"Heart of Green\" awards, which \"recognize those who have helped green go mainstream.\" They wrote \"young Lisa Simpson has inspired a generation to wear their hearts on their sleeves and get educated, and involved, about global issues, from justice to feminism and the environment.\" Japanese broadcasters reversed viewer dislike of the series by focusing marketing of the show on Lisa. Lisa's well-intended but ill-fated struggles to be a voice of reason and a force of good in her family and community struck a chord with Japanese audiences. Mario D'Amato, a specialist in Buddhist studies at Rollins College in Florida, described Lisa as \"open-minded, reflective, ethical, and interested in improving herself in various ways, while still preserving a childlike sense of innocence. These are all excellent qualities, ones which are espoused by many Buddhist traditions.\" ", "Afterwards, Penny dates Stuart, from the comic book store, but their dates do not lead to a relationship. The first time, Penny and Stuart are interrupted by Sheldon, who argues at length with Stuart over whether Dick Grayson or Jason Todd should be Batman's successor, while Penny falls to sleep. Their dating ends in \"The Classified Materials Turbulence\", when Penny and Stuart are kissing, and Penny mistakenly calls him \"Leonard\". ", "Bart : [on Lisa] I knew someone was gonna say it, but I can't believe it was her.", "An episode of the 1960s American sitcom Bewitched had Samantha Stevens staving off a lustful Henry's intentions to make her his next wife. Henry's life was the subject of the famous but inaccurate Simpsons television episode named \"Margical History Tour\" in 2004, in which Homer Simpson played the King.", "Moe : And I never believed in love at first sight until this very minute. Kiss me. Aw, kiss me.", "Bart went out with a girl named Greta after he stopped some bullies from taking her backpack. She is the daughter of Rainier Wolfcastle . Bart though later broke up with her. After the breakup, Greta went out with Milhouse Van Houten with whom she then broke up in Canada and stopped dating for four years.", "[Note: This is an update to an article I posted one year ago today. Read on to learn about several scenes I’ve come across in the past year that are even stronger contenders for TV’s first interracial kiss. Also: GIFs of all the kisses being discussed!]" ]	[ 4.5625, 3.677734375, 1.271484375, 0.8740234375, 0.445068359375, 0.12164306640625, -0.65283203125, -0.8759765625, -1.3818359375, -2, -2.623046875, -2.798828125, -2.990234375, -3.373046875, -3.728515625, -4.09765625, -4.33203125, -4.38671875, -4.8359375, -5.16015625, -5.328125, -5.41015625, -5.6328125, -5.72265625, -5.8046875, -6.44140625, -6.58203125, -7.44140625, -8.1640625, -8.171875, -8.21875, -8.3984375 ]
Which character in The Simpsons is also known as Rainer Wolfcastle?	[ "The writers invented Wolfcastle as the action hero McBain for the episode \"Oh Brother, Where Art Thou?\". Because they liked the scene involving the character from that episode, they used him again in \"The Way We Was\", which was recorded and aired before \"Oh Brother, Where Art Thou?\" The McBain films satirize clichés of action films. The character was originally named McBain, until an actual film called McBain was released in 1991. That film's producers refused to allow the show to use the name, so \"Rainier Wolfcastle\" became the name of the actor playing the McBain role. Dan Castellaneta, the voice of Homer Simpson, doubles as Wolfcastle when Harry Shearer is absent from table reads.", "Cartoon Characters: Bart Simpson, Homer Simpson, Marge Simpson, Lisa Simpson, Maggie Simpson, Grampa Simpson, Barney Gumble, Krusty the Klown, Groundskeeper Willie, Mayor Quimby, Hans Moleman, Sideshow Mel, Patty Bouvier, Selma Bouvier, Jacqueline Bouvier, Aunt Gladys, Nelson Muntz, Todd Flanders, Ralph Wiggum, Kearney, Moe Szyslak, Chief Wiggum, Apu, Comic Book Guy, Cletus, Professor Frink, Montgomery Burns, Waylon Smithers, Ned Flanders, Kent Brockman, Reverend Lovejoy, Principal Skinner, Dr. Hibbert, Rainer Wolfcastle, Lionel Hutz.", "Reese Witherspoon and Wolfgang Puck are guest voices as Bart and Milhouse fight over a girl. The object of their affection � and altercation � is Greta Wolfcastle (Witherspoon), the daughter of action-film star Rainier Wolfcastle (Puck). After Bart and his slingshot rescue her backpack from bullies, Greta is immediately smitten. But her crush is unrequited, and the oblivious Bart blows off a date with her in order to harass Principal Skinner at his stand-up comedy debut. Clued to Greta's feelings, Bart breaks off the relationship � until Milhouse steps in. It's only then, in the name of love, that Bart asks his parents' help to win Greta back by following her to her dad's film set...in Toronto.", "Rainier Wolfcastle has been a presenter at the Academy Awards, a spokesperson for the PowerSauce energy bar, a celebrity judge in radio station KBBL 's contest \"How Low Will You Go]\" (along with Krusty the Clown and Madeleine Albright ), host of a short-lived talk show (\" Up Late with McBain \", which even Bart thought was horrible.), and a guest on Inside the Actor's Studio with James Lipton (in which he kills Lipton after getting into character as McBain). His daughter Greta dated Bart . [5] He also was co-owner of Planet Springfield , along with \"Chuck Norris, Johnny Carson's third wife, and the Russian mafia\". His turn-offs are nerds and being washed away in a tide of sulfuric acid.", "Greta Wolfcastle, voiced by Reese Witherspoon, is the daughter of action movie star Rainier Wolfcastle. She first appeared in \"The Bart Wants What It Wants\" when Milhouse develops a crush on her, yet Bart goes out on a date with her instead. After Bart decided he was becoming too needy, the two broke up, which causes Milhouse to go back to Canada with Greta & the two get in a fight during a curling game.", "A German who moved to Springfield and became an action movie star, Rainier Wolfcastle is legendary for the over-the-top nature of his movies and his bad acting. Voiced by Harry Shearer .", "The Simpsons is an American animated television sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company. It is a satirical depiction of a middle class American lifestyle epitomized by its eponymous family, which consists of Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisa, and Maggie. The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield, and lampoons American culture, society, and television, as well as many aspects of the human condition. The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a pitch for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks. Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family, substituting Bart for his own name. The shorts became a part of the Fox series The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19, 1987. After a three-season run, the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime-time show that was an early hit for Fox. ", "Apart from the McBain movies, Wolfcastle has also played Radioactive Man in an ill-fated live-action movie version of the comic book series. Wolfcastle has also ventured into comedic roles; in one episode he carries Homer in an oversized Snugli for babies, remarking, \"I used it to carry Rob Schneider in the movie My Baby is an Ugly Man .\" His biggest mystery is how obvious teutnophone can get away with playing an Irishman. Woflcastle also starred as Mrs. Mom. He claimed that he created this story but it was orgianally wrote by Marge Simpson. He once joined the army to make recruitment films, but was sent off to frontline infantry instead.", "The Simpsons was an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox network. The series is a satirical depiction of the sorry state of America as epitomized by the yellow-skinned Simpson family, which consists of Homer , Marge , Bart , Lisa , and Maggie . The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield , North Tacoma and parodies aspects of the human condition , including beer , donuts , television , and magic xylophones .", "Homer Jay Simpson is a fictional character and the main protagonist of the American animated television series The Simpsons as the patriarch of the eponymous family. He is voiced by Dan Castellaneta and first appeared on television, along with the rest of his family, in The Tracey Ullman Show short \"Good Night\" on April 19, 1987. Homer was created and designed by cartoonist Matt Groening while he was waiting in the lobby of James L. Brooks' office. Groening had been called to pitch a series of shorts based on his comic strip Life in Hell but instead decided to create a new set of characters. He named the character after his father, Homer Groening. After appearing for three seasons on The Tracey Ullman Show, the Simpson family got their own series on Fox that debuted December 17, 1989.", "The Simpsons Lisa Simpson / Grandma Flanders / 'Share my locker' / Alive Character #2 / Angelica Button / Cecile Shapiro / Child at Dentist's / Dil / Eliza Simpson / Estonian Dwarf as Lisa / Francine Rhenquist / Inanimate Carbon Rod #2 / Jake Boyman / Lisa Jr. / Lisabello / Marge's Friend #1 / Pagan Daughter / Pahasatira Nahasapeemapetilon / Sacajawea / Salieri / Snow White / Surgery Audience / Voice Activated Search Machine / Woman in Queue / Zia Simpson", "Bartholomew JoJo \"Bart\" Simpson is a fictional character in the American animated television series The Simpsons and part of the Simpson family. He is voiced by Nancy Cartwright and first appeared on television in The Tracey Ullman Show short \"Good Night\" on April 19, 1987. Cartoonist Matt Groening created and designed Bart while waiting in the lobby of James L. Brooks' office. Groening had been called to pitch a series of shorts based on his comic strip, Life in Hell, but instead decided to create a new set of characters. While the rest of the characters were named after Groening's family members, Bart's name is an anagram of the word brat. After appearing on The Tracey Ullman Show for three years, the Simpson family received its own series on Fox, which debuted December 17, 1989.", "Wolfcastle began his acting career as a child in Austria , appearing on long television commercials advertising bratwurst. [1] At roughly the same time, he began experimenting with bodybuilding, and his physique earned him a starring role in several gay pornography films, shelves of which were seen by Homer during one of Wolfcastle's debt-induced garage sales. [2] He was also the primary actor on advertisements for \"PowerSauce Bars\"; bars claiming to boost muscle growth, but which were in fact a mash of apple cores and Chinese newspapers. [3]", "Principal W. Seymour Skinner (born in Capitol City as Armin Tamzarian) is a fictional character on the animated sitcom The Simpsons, voiced by Harry Shearer. He is the principal of Springfield Elementary School, and a stereotypical educational bureaucrat. He struggles to control the crumbling school and is constantly engaged in a battle against its inadequate resources, apathetic and bitter teachers, and often rowdy and unenthusiastic students, Bart Simpson being a standout example. A strict disciplinarian, Skinner has an uptight, militaristic attitude that stems from his years in the U.S.Army as a Green Beret, which included service in the Vietnam War.", "Homer, a safety inspector at the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant , is a generally well-meaning buffoon whose short attention span often draws him into outrageous schemes and adventures. Marge was once intelligent and sophisticated, but has come to conform with the stereotype of housewife /mother. Bart, the oldest sibling, is a troublemaker and classroom terror (\"the devil's cabana boy\" is how Lisa once described him ) who thinks of himself as a rebel while Lisa is a brainy student, vegetarian , Buddhist and jazz music fan who dreams of a better future (she is referred to as \"the future of the family\"). Maggie is an eternal baby , and despite the fact that numerous years (and birthdays) clearly pass (for example, many Christmas episodes), the Simpsons do not appear to age. Some characters' ages have fluctuated throughout the years; this is most likely due to simple oversight on the part of the writers.", " The Simpsons begins its season in trademark fashion on Sunday, November 3rd, with Treehouse of Horror XIII, episode DABF19. Details on this episode are still a little sketchy, but we do know that Maggie Roswell returns to voice Maude Flanders' ghost. Roswell was the voice of Maude Flanders, Helen Lovejoy, Elizabeth Hoover and several other incidental characters until she left after season 10 due to a pay dispute. In the first section, entitled Send in the Clones, Homer's new hammock starts to make clones of him. Then, Lisa gets Springfield to start a cash-for-guns program, leaving the town defenceless against gun-bearing zombies, in The Fright to Creep and Scare Harms. The final part is entitled The Island of Dr. Monroe, likely a parody of The Island of Dr. Moreau.", "Richard is a gray-haired student at Springfield Elementary School and is one of Bart's friends. He is first seen in \"Bart the Genius\". He is usually seen with Lewis and has a leather jacket and a shirt with a small diamond embroidered on the center. Richard appears frequently in scenes involving the Springfield children, and in the early seasons was often involved with mischief. He's been voiced over the course of the series by Nancy Cartwright, Jo Ann Harris, Pamela Hayden and Maggie Roswell. In early seasons he and Lewis were commonly seen hanging out with Bart and Milhouse, but in recent years they are mostly seen in the classroom and in crowd scenes. He had a brief speaking part in \"The Haw-Hawed Couple\", in which he was voiced by Pamela Hayden. His hair color changes from black to gray, to brown, and then to blue throughout the course of the show. However, in Simpsons Comics, his hair always appears gray.", "One man is the voice behind Moe, Apu, Police Chief Wiggum, Professor Frink, Dr. Nick Riviera and Comic Book Guy... not to mention several other \"Simpsons\" characters. Click to find out who it is. âXFINITY Entertainment Staff (Photo by Fox)", "One man brings Mr. Burns, Ned Flanders, Principal Skinner, Reverend Lovejoy and Otto to life on \"The Simpsons.\" Click to find out who it is. âXFINITY Entertainment Staff (Photos by Fox)", "Recurring Characters: Maggie Roswell (Maude Flanders, Helen Lovejoy, Miss Hoover, and others), Russi Taylor (Martin Prince, Sherri, Terri and others), Pamela Hayden (Milhouse Van Houten, Rod Flanders, Jimbo Jones, and others), Phil Hartman (Lionel Hutz, Troy McClure and Additional Voices), Marcia Wallace (Edna Krabappel).", "Lionel Hutz and Troy McClure were both retired after their voice actor Phil Hartman's untimely death. Since 1998, they've disappeared from Simpsons canon (with the very occasional exception of a crowd scene). Hutz's role as the Simpsons' incompetent family lawyer was taken by 'Old' Gil Gunderson.", "Janey Powell, voiced by Pamela Hayden, is a classmate and friend of Lisa Simpson. Janey first appeared in \"Moaning Lisa\" and is Lisa's closest friend. She has been at Lisa's sleepovers, and Lisa is seen watching cartoons at her house on numerous occasions. Her description on The Simpsons POG set described her as \"Lisa's fair-weather friend\". Though she is sometimes seen spending time with Lisa, other times she teases her along with the other children. She is not portrayed as being nearly as intelligent or nerdy as Lisa. Janey may have had a crush on Milhouse Van Houten, who has a crush on Lisa. She enjoys reading babysitting books and hates ice cream.", "While looking for a missing puzzle piece, Homer stumbles upon an angry note Marge wrote on the back of a placemat one night when he suffered alcohol poisoning. Homer wonders why Marge every stayed with him and decided he wasn't good enough for her. So Homer moves out and settles on a condo, which he shares with two homosexuals. Guest stars Weird Al Yankovic as himself, Scott Thompson as Grady, Terry W. Greene as Julio, and Ben Schatz (Weird Al band member) as himself.", "Hans Moleman is Springfield’s version of South Park’s Kenny – a running gag on the Simpsons where he constantly finds himself in accidents or getting killed, only to come back to life seemingly unscathed. He is one of Abe Simpsons’ fellow Retirement Village friends and also looks like a Mole-Human hybrid because of his wrinkly skin and dim eyesight.", "Clancy Bouvier, voiced by Harry Shearer, is the deceased father of Marge, Patty and Selma and the husband of Jacqueline Bouvier. His first appearance was in the episode \"The Way We Was\". He was kind and complimentary to teenage Homer when he arrived to pick up Marge for the prom, but after finding out that Artie Ziff was really her date remarked that Homer \"took years off my life\". In \"Fear of Flying\" it was revealed that he was one of the earliest male flight attendants; Marge initially believed he was a heroic pilot and was traumatized when she discovered he was a flight attendant instead. According to Marge in \"Bart the Lover\" after Clancy got out of the Navy, he had trouble with his cursing that nearly cost him a job as a baby photographer, but Jacqueline was able to curtail that by having him donate money to the swear jar. In the episode \"Puffless\", it is revealed that he died of lung cancer. While Clancy does not appear with the rest of the Bouvier family in \"I Married Marge\", he is shown to be still alive when Bart and Lisa were toddlers in the episode \"Walking Big & Tall\". ", "During a flashback in \"Lisa's Sax\", 5-year-old Bart is trying to get adjusted with his new school. On his home he was skipping on the school yard and Groundskeeper Willie starts yelling at him in a thick Scottish accent. Bart not understanding him continues to skip and Willie angrily asks him \"Don't you understand English?\" while pointing to a sign reading \"ACH! KEEP OFF THE GRASS!\"", "Marge's twin sisters, addicted to smoking and notoriously crabby. Both dislike Homer intensely, especially Patty, who hates almost all men. Voiced by Julie Kavner.", "Otto first appears in the level Around the World in 80 Bites as a contestant in the Duff Ultimate Eating Challenge. He later appears in the form of a ghostly skeleton that attacks Homer, Marge, and their army of Hobbit-like children in NeverQuest .", "The Simpsons Are Killing Off a Major Character; See Who We Think Should Make Their Last Exit from Springfield", "The SVT is ubiquitous, existing not only in every conceivable locale, but in any historical era. In \"I Love Lisa\", one of Sgt. Skinner's old platoon members was a Squeaky Voiced Teen. Skinner has a flashback, while doing morning announcements over the intercom, of the young man being brutally shot on a flatboat by snipers while looking at a valentine from his girlfriend back home. He screams, and Bart says, \"Cool. I broke his brain.\"", "Homer plays a small role in Bart's House of Weirdness . After Bart pranks Homer and Marge too much, they ground him.", "Hartman's 50 or so voices and impressions have resulted in a rich career in voice-overs for commercials. He also supplies voices for a number of characters in the animated TV series \"The Simpsons.\"" ]	[ 3.591796875, 2.0625, 1.96875, 0.72119140625, 0.44921875, -0.437744140625, -0.495849609375, -1.001953125, -1.1376953125, -1.51953125, -1.8203125, -2.400390625, -2.845703125, -2.876953125, -3.0859375, -3.19921875, -4.3359375, -4.50390625, -4.59375, -4.68359375, -4.95703125, -4.99609375, -5.68359375, -5.8984375, -6.74609375, -7.11328125, -7.16796875, -7.1875, -7.19921875, -7.50390625, -7.75, -7.7578125 ]
Michael Bond wrote about which famous bear in a series of books for children?	[ "The famous Paddington Bear was created by English author Michael Bond, born Thomas Michael Bond. Known primarily for the Paddington Bear series, which is comprised of 20 books, Bond also wrote the Olga da Polga series and Monsieur Pamplemousse series, which are also aimed at children.", "Michael Bond was inspired to write what would become the first chapter of the 1958 book A Bear Called Paddington by a toy bear which he had bought on London's Portobello Road as a Christmas present for his wife. He named the bear Paddington after the nearby London train station which he could see from his apartment. Bond says of the toy bear, \"In no time at all, he became part of the family. In fact, for a long time he was the family and was treated as such; joining us at meal times, sharing our holidays, occasionally interrupting our conversations\". [1] Bond has said that he had not yet read the stories about Winnie-the-Pooh when he began to write about Paddington. He was, however aware that Pooh loved honey. In order to make his bear different, Bond decided that Paddington's favorite food would be marmalade. [2]", "The cult British children's book character Paddington Bear, featured in the books written by Michael Bond, enjoys visiting Portobello Market on a daily basis. His friend Mr. Gruber owns an antique shop on the Portobello Road, with whom Paddington has his elevenses every day.", "Paddington Bear is a fictional character in children's literature. He first appeared in 1958 and was subsequently featured in several books written by Michael Bond and first illustrated by Peggy Fortnum. The polite immigrant bear from Darkest Peru, with his old bush hat, battered suitcase and marmalade sandwiches has become a classic English children's literature icon. Paddington books have been translated into thirty languages across seventy titles and sold more than 30 million copies worldwide.", "Paddington Bear is a series of British animated shorts based on the Paddington Bear book series by Michael Bond produced by FilmFair. This was the first television series based on the popular children's book Paddington Bear. In the United States it was usually shown on pay television as filler in between programmes. Its narrator was actor Michael Hordern. The series has a very distinctive art style. Paddington himself is a stop-motion animated puppet who moves within a 3-dimensional space and interacts with 2-dimensional animated drawings of the human characters, buildings, etc.", "Paddington Bear is a series of British animated shorts based on the Paddington Bear book series by Michael Bond produced by FilmFair. This was the first television series based on the popular children's book Paddington Bear. In the United States it was usually shown on pay television as filler in between programs. Its narrator was actor Michael Hordern .", "Our “Reading and Refreshments” choice for October is Michael Bond’s A Bear Called Paddington . It is the first volume of a long series of amusing tales that Bond wrote about this unpredictable bear and the Brown family that adopts him after his emigration from “Darkest Peru” to Great Britain. Paddington’s adventures provoke laughter from all ages, making them ideal for reading with the family. And the stories are particularly well suited for reading out loud if you have a limited amount of time, as each chapter consists of one short “episode.” These are equally enjoyable read singly or all together, and range from a day at the seaside to a night at the theatre—Paddington keeps things lively no matter where he goes.", "This adorable abbreviation of Michael Bond's beloved A Bear Called Paddington introduces the charming bear from Darkest Peru to a new generation of readers. Lovely illustrations accompany the text following closely to Bond's original story. There are several additions in this picture book series about Paddington which will delight young and old alike as they share in the adventures of Paddington and the Brown family. ...more", "Paddington Bear author Michael Bond has written a book which details letters from the wayward bear to his Aunt Lucy in darkest Peru.", "* Paddington on Stage – plays for children (1974) Adapted by Michael Bond and Alfred Bradley. A book of seven short play scripts based on the Paddington stories and intended for children to perform. The scripts were based on the play The Adventures of a Bear Called Paddington published by Samuel French. The plays included are: The arrival of Paddington; Paddington paints a picture; Paddington has a holiday; Paddington visits the dentist; Paddington goes to the launderette, Paddington goes to hospital; Paddington turns detective. The book also contains costume notes and the lyrics of two songs: I try so hard and Paddington Bear. ", "The well-mannered marmalade-loving bear from ‘darkest Peru’ was created by Michael Bond for a series of books started in 1958, and brought to life on television by the BBC from 1975. Directed by Ivor Wood and narrated by Michael Hordern, the series used an unusual mixture of two-dimensional and three-dimensional animation.", "Bond began writing in 1945 whilst stationed with the army in Cairo and sold his first short story to the magazine London Opinion. He was paid seven guineas, and thought he \"wouldn't mind being a writer\". In 1958, after producing a number of plays and short stories and while working as a BBC television cameraman (where he worked on Blue Peter for a time), his first book, A Bear Called Paddington, was published. This was the start of Bond's series of books recounting tales of a bear from \"Darkest Peru\", whose Aunt Lucy sends him to the United Kingdom, carrying a jar of marmalade; the Brown family found the bear at Paddington Station, and adopted him, naming the bear after the railway station. By 1967, Bond was able to give up his BBC job to work full-time as a writer.", "\" Paddington Bear is a universally loved character , treasured for his optimism, his sense of fair play, and his perfect manners –- and, of course, for his unintentional talent for comic chaos,\" the \"Paddington\" film producer David Heyman explained to The Guardian. \"Michael Bond's books offer such wit and wonder, and I am so delighted at this chance to bring Paddington to the big screen.\"", "Paddington Bear - Leading character in the books by Michael Bond. A bear dressed in a blue duffle coat,Wellington boots and red floppy hat. Found at Paddington station carrying a suitcase, containing (amongst other things) marmalade.", "Many years ago I published a highly academic paper on the results of a study of the teeth in teddy bears in the Dental Journal entitled \"Dental Disease in Brunus Edwardii\" and as I took care of Michael Bond's grandchildren sent him, via his family, a reprint. I was delighted to recieve a letter from Michael Bond appointing me the Dentist to Paddington Bear. Paddington having read my paper and, no doubt after discussing it with the children requested it specially. It was the proudest moment in my long career. I hope now that he is grown up he is still taking good care of his teeth.", "Winnipeg the Bear (or Winnie) was an American black bear given to the zoo in 1914 by a Canadian lieutenant, Harry Colebourn. A. A. Milne visited with his son Christopher Robin, and the boy was so enamoured with the bear Milne wrote the famous series of books for him entitled Winnie-the-Pooh. A 2004 film A Bear Named Winnie is based on the story of Winnie the bear, with Michael Fassbender playing Harry Colebourn. ", "Author Michael Bond was also a BBC TV cameraman who worked on the popular children's television programme Blue Peter . After this was revealed in 1965, a special Paddington story — in which he got mixed up in the programme itself — appeared annually in the Blue Peter Annuals for many years.", "Bond has also written another series of children's books, the adventures of a guinea pig named Olga da Polga, named after the Bond family's pet, as well as the animated BBC television series The Herbs (1968). Bond also writes culinary mystery stories for adults featuring Monsieur Pamplemousse and his faithful bloodhound, Pommes Frites.", "The story begins at it should, as anyone who grew up on Michael Bond's Paddington books will know, in darkest Peru, where a British adventurer discovers a family of intelligent, curious bears. He teaches them English, of course, and about the joys of tea and marmalade. \"If you ever make it to London,\" he says, \"you can be sure of a very warm welcome.\"", "Like Curious George, Stuart Little or Winnie-the-Pooh, Paddington inevitably found mayhem wherever he went. Throughout 150 titles, translated into 40 different languages, and at least six different illustrators, Bond wooed audiences with the bear's knack for touching fans of every age group and temperament. It was impossible not to love the orphaned stranger as he mirrored our best and worst human characteristics, all whilst peering intently from beneath his bush hat.", "MC: Some characters are popular for a generation, but far fewer get to be discovered and inherited by multiple generations. What about Paddington do you think most appeals to each new set of young readers — what is so special about this bear that he endures, fresh as ever [since the first Paddington book appeared in 1958, two years after Bond was inspired to create him]?", "Winnie-the-Pooh, or Pooh for short, is an anthropomorphic toy bear and the main character. Despite being naïve and slow-witted, he is a friendly, thoughtful and sometimes insightful character who is always willing to help his friends and try his best. A prime motivation is his love for honey, which quite often leads to trouble.", "However, Paddington’s arrival took Bond by surprise. It was 1958, the year that his daughter, Karen, who is now managing director of Paddington and Company, was born but Bond didn’t set out to write a children’s book. Or even a book at all. “The first book started life as a doodle really because I had a blank sheet of paper and a typewriter and you know that nobody else is going to put any words on unless you do. I was looking around the room and we had this small bear, which had been a kind of stocking filler for my first wife, and I wondered, idly, what it would be like if it was a real bear that landed on Paddington station and I typed the first words down. The idea caught my fancy.”", "[2] The Bear was Mr. Am or rather Mr. Am was the bear who also went by the name of Balu and was one of the instructors of the feral child known as Mowgli. See Kane and Gribardson or Triple Tarzan Revisited for more information on Mr. Am .", "The picture book dream team is back! Sure to delight young fans of The First Hippo on the Moon and The Slightly Annoying Elephant, David Walliams' new picture book The Bear Who Went Boo! stars a hilariously mischievous bear.", "Ian Fleming's fiction was not limited to the \"BOND\" novels, he also wrote a children's book called Chitty Chitty Bang Bang: the Magical Car , which was published in 1964. In 1968 a film was made of the book with a script by Roald Dahl and Ken Hughes and which starred Dick van Dyke and Gert Fröbe and Benny Hill in supporting roles.", "Based upon a series of children's books, a grizzly cub has many misadventures with his friends.", "Rupert Bear first appeared in the Daily Express on 8 November, 1920 in a story called The Adventures of a Little Lost Bear and continues to appear in the newspaper everyday. Mary Tourtel illustrated the stories, while her husband created the captions. Two drawings appeared each day, with an accompanying set of rhyming couplets narrating the story beneath them and the promise that the story would be continued the following day.", "The original book, Chitty Chitty Bang Bang: The Magical Car, published in 1964 with illustrations by John Burningham, was based on bedtime stories Ian Fleming (James Bond's creator) told to his son, Caspar. Now the first-ever follow-up to Ian Fleming’s only children’s story has made a splash in the UK and USA. Fueled by wry humor, this much-anticipated sequel to Fleming’s beloved classic — featuring a contemporary family and a camper van with a mind of its own — is driven by best-selling, award-winning author Frank Cottrell Boyce and revved up by Joe Berger’s black-and-white illustrations.", "* Little Bear (by Else Holmelund Minarik, there was also a TV series based on this series of books)", "Fleming also wrote the children's book that inspired the perennial classic Chitty Chitty Bang Bang [KOBAL COLLECTION]", "The Bear - another book by Raymond Briggs which was also adapted into a 26-minute animated version." ]	[ 7.171875, 6.48828125, 5.796875, 5.125, 4.9921875, 4.6484375, 4.34765625, 4.0546875, 3.712890625, 2.6796875, 2.35546875, 2.162109375, 2.015625, 2, 1.974609375, 0.8173828125, 0.56884765625, 0.3916015625, 0.23291015625, -0.0136260986328125, -0.82763671875, -1.322265625, -2.03125, -3.013671875, -5.765625, -6.27734375, -6.3359375, -6.5625, -6.67578125, -7.21875, -8.640625, -9.7578125 ]
What was the name of author A. A. Milne's real-life son, who he used in his Winnie the Pooh books?	[ "The little boy who talks to the animals in the Winnie-the-Pooh stories is called Christopher Robin, which is the name of A. A. Milne's real-life son ,who was born in 1920. On August 21, 1921, the real-life Christopher Robin Milne received a stuffed bear from Harrods for his first birthday, which he named Edward Bear.", "Milne's greatest and enduring successes, however, were his books Winnie-the-Pooh (1926) and The House at Pooh Corner (1928). These two volumes told the adventures of a young boy named Christopher Robin, after Milne's own son (Christopher Robin Milne), and his animal playmates, who were inspired by the real Christopher Robin's stuffed toys. A bear named Winnie-the-Pooh was the central character, accompanied by fussy Rabbit, gloomy donkey Eeyore, bouncy tiger Tigger, kind kangaroo Kanga and her baby Roo, wise Owl and shy Piglet.", "[Alan Alexander [A. A.] Milne (18 January 1882 – 31 January 1956) was an English author. Milne is most famous for his two Pooh books about a boy named Christopher Robin after his son, and various characters inspired by his sons stuffed animals, most notably the bear named Winnie-the-Pooh. Christopher Robin Milnes stuffed bear, originally named [Edward], was renamed [Winnie-the-Pooh] after a Canadian black bear named Winnie (after Winnipeg), which was used as a military mascot in World War I, and left to London Zoo during the war. [The pooh] comes from a swan called [Pooh]. E. H. Shepard illustrated the original Pooh books, using his own sons teddy, Growler ([a magnificent bear]), as the model. Christopher Robin Milnes own toys are now under glass in New York.", "Christopher Robin Milne (21 August 1920 – 20 April 1996) was the son of author A. A. Milne. As a child, he was the basis of the character Christopher Robin in his father's Winnie-the-Pooh stories and in two books of poems.", "No, Milne didn't encounter a real bear, accompanied by a group of animal friends, wandering around the Hundred Acre Wood. But almost all of the characters in his books had real-life counterparts. Christopher Robin, Pooh's human companion, was named after Milne's own son, Christopher Robin Milne (who was less than thrilled about his inescapable association with the popular books as he got older). Winnie the Pooh was Christopher's teddy bear.", "Of course, I have to address Milne’s role as the creator of Winnie-the-Pooh (actually, Pooh Bear makes his world debut in a poem called “Teddy Bear” in When We Were Very Young). Winnie was the actual teddy of Milne’s actual son, who was actually named Christopher Robin. It follows, without much explanation, that Milne wrote the Pooh books for Christopher Robin. Christopher Robin also appears in many of the poems in When We Were Very Young and Now We Are Six.", "Film footage of the real-life Christopher Robin playing with friends dressed as Winnie-the-Pooh characters has been found -- 72 years after it was shot. The clip was unearthed during research for a new BBC documentary celebrating the 75th birthday of the children's books. The 10-second piece shows Christopher Robin Milne, son of creator A.A. Milne, following school children dressed for a pageant as Winnie-the-Pooh, Piglet, Eyeore, Tigger and Kanga. He was nine years old when the film was shot in the Ashdown Forest, East Sussex, in 1929.", "Christopher Robin, the name of the boy in English author and humorist A. A. Milne’s (1882-1956) idyllic Pooh books, a child-figure Milne depicted in the stories as a responsible and benevolent adult. The character was based on Milne’s son, Christopher Robin Milne (1920-1996).", "Winnie the Pooh was brought to life on Christmas Eve in 1925 when the first Pooh story, written by AA Milne, was published in the London Evening News. The piece was based on a bedtime story read by AA Milne to his son, Christopher Robin.", "Winnie-the-Pooh was written by English author A. A. Milne and was illustrated by E. H. Shepard. It was first published on October 14, 1926. The inspiration for the setting came from Ashdown Forest, which was near the country home that Milne purchased in 1925. The Winnie-the-Pooh character was named after a teddy bear that his son had owned and the character Christopher Robin is named after his son. The real stuffed toys that inspired all of the characters are on display in the Stephen A. Schwarzman Building in New York.", "A.A. Milne grew up in a school - his parents ran Henley House in Kilburn, for young boys - but never intended to be a children's writer. Pooh he saw as a pleasant sideline to his main career as a playwright and regular scribe for the satirical literary magazine, Punch. Writing was very much the dominant feature of A.A. (Alan Alexander)'s life. He joined the staff of Punch in 1906, and became Assistant Editor. In the course of two decades he fought in the First World War, wrote some 18 plays and three novels, and fathered a son, Christopher Robin Milne, in 1920 (although he described the baby as being more his wife's work than his own!). Observations of little Christopher led Milne to produce a book of children's poetry, When We Were Very Young, in 1924, and in 1926 the seminal Winnie-the-Pooh. More poems followed in Now We Are Six (1927) and Pooh returned in The House at Pooh Corner (1928). After that, in spite of enthusiastic demand, Milne declined to write any more children's stories as he felt that, with his son growing up, they would now only be copies based on a memory. In one way, Christopher Robin turned out to be more famous than his father, though he became uncomfortable with his fame as he got older, preferring to avoid the literary limelight and run a bookshop in Dartmouth. Nevertheless, he published three volumes of his reminiscences before his death in 1996. show more", "Ernest Shepard is best known, however, for his work as a children's book illustrator. It was through Punch that Shepard was introduced to A. A. Milne, the author who made him famous. Shepard illustrated Milne's four Pooh books known worldwide: When We Were Very Young (1924), Winnie-the-Pooh (1926), Now We Are Six (1927), and The House at Pooh Corner (1928). When Shepard was first recommended to Milne as an illustrator, he was quite sceptical, saying, \"What on earth do you see in that man? He's perfectly hopeless!\" But Milne later invited Shepard to visit his home to draw sketches of his son, Christopher Robin, and his stuffed animals, Kanga, Roo, Tigger, Eeyore, and Piglet.", "Pooh bear: the original stuffed bear that author AA Milne gave his son Christopher Robin in 1921 Credit: Richard Drew/AP", "Milne married Dorothy \"Daphne\" de Sélincourt in 1913 and their son Christopher Robin Milne was born in 1920. In 1925, A. A. Milne bought a country home, Cotchford Farm, in Hartfield, East Sussex.", "Alan Alexander Milne (pronounced /ˈmɪln/) was an English author, best known for his books about the teddy bear Winnie-the-Pooh and for various children's poems.", "Observations of little Christopher led Milne to produce a book of children's poetry, When We Were Very Young, in 1924, and in 1926 the seminal Winnie-the-Pooh. More poems followed in Now We Are Six (1927) and Pooh returned in The House at Pooh Corner (1928). After that, in spite of enthusiastic demand, Milne declined to write any more children's stories as he felt that, with his son growing up, they would now only be copies based on a memory.", "A. A. Milne was born in Kilburn, London, to parents Vince Milne and Sarah Marie Milne (née Heginbotham) and grew up at Henley House School, 6/7 Mortimer Road (now Crescent), Kilburn, a small public school run by his father. One of his teachers was H. G. Wells who taught there in 1889–90. Milne attended Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied on a mathematics scholarship. While there, he edited and wrote for Granta, a student magazine. He collaborated with his brother Kenneth and their articles appeared over the initials AKM. Milne's work came to the atten Alan Alexander Milne (pronounced /ˈmɪln/) was an English author, best known for his books about the teddy bear Winnie-the-Pooh and for various children's poems.", "Alan Alexander \"A. A.\" Milne (; 18 January 1882 – 31 January 1956) was an English author, best known for his books about the teddy bear Winnie-the-Pooh and for various poems. Milne was a noted writer, primarily as a playwright, before the huge success of Pooh overshadowed all his previous work. Milne served in both World Wars, joining the British Army in World War I, and was a captain of the British Home Guard in World War II.", "After all, Milne wasn’t the only one who struggled with Winnie the Pooh’s fame. As the inspiration for Christopher Robin, in some ways Milne’s son was even more famous than his father. As one Town and Country article put it in a photograph caption, Milne was an “English playwright. Children’s poet laureate by divine right of whimsy. His plays have been successfully produced in New York. And he is the father of Christopher Robin.”", "A.A. Milne, in full Alan Alexander Milne (born January 18, 1882, London , England —died January 31, 1956, Hartfield, Sussex ), English humorist, the originator of the immensely popular stories of Christopher Robin and his toy bear, Winnie-the-Pooh .", "Adapted from a collection of Milne’s stories, which were first published in magazines such as Punch, the story follows Christopher Robin’s teddy bear as he adventures in the Hundred Acre Wood with his friends Piglet, Owl, Rabbit and Eeyore. The book has been translated into many languages, including Latin (Winnie ille Pu) in 1958, and, thanks in large part to a rights deal with Disney, the character of Winnie is now worth £500 million a year. The Silly Old Bear, with his friends in Hundred Acre Wood, is more than a British institution. A.A. Milne created a life philosophy with the trials, triumphs and tiddley-poms of the honey-loving, always kind-hearted Pooh.", "( Alan Alexander Milne, January 18, 1882 - January 31, 1956, author, English Humorist, creator of many well known children’s stories such as “Winnie-the-Pooh”, 1924 and a book about WWI years, “Peace With Honour”, September 1934.)", "Winnie-the-Pooh, also called Pooh Bear, is a fictional anthropomorphic teddy bear created by English author A. A. Milne. The first collection of stories about the character was the book Winnie-the-Pooh (1926), and this was followed by The House at Pooh Corner (1928). Milne also included a poem about the bear in the children's verse book When We Were Very Young (1924) and many more in Now We Are Six (1927). All four volumes were illustrated by E. H. Shepard.", "Milne, A. A. (Alexander Alan). Winnie-the-Pooh: The Complete Tales of Winnie-the-Pooh. With decorations by Ernest H. Shepard. New York: Dutton Children's Books, c1994.", "Milne, A. A. (Alexander Alan). Winnie-the-Pooh: The Color Edition. With decorations by Ernest H. Shepard. New York: Dutton Children's Books, c1991.", "Milne, A. A. (Alexander Alan). Tales of Pooh (Selections from Winnie-the-Pooh and The House at Pooh Corner) London : Methuen, 1930.", "Two short biographies of A.A. Milne and E.H. Shepard. Milne is the writer of the original Winnie the Pooh stories and Spehard drawn the original pictures.", "Milne, A. A. (Alexander Alan). The House at Pooh Corner. London : Methuen, 1973 (full color edition).", "Milne, A. A. (Alexander Alan). Pooh Goes Visiting and Pooh and Piglet Nearly Catch a Woozle. Illustrated by E. H. Shepard. New York: Dutton Children's Books, 1990.", "By the time Christopher Robin was born, Alan Milne, who was then already 42, was also a well-known playwright and novelist as well as a humorist and satirist. He and Dorothy – always known as Daphne – lived in Chelsea.", "Children's Books: A.A. Milne (1882-1956) publishes \"Winnie the Pooh,\" one of the most popular children’s books ever written.", "The 'Winnie-the-Pooh' character first appeared in a poem by A.A. Milne published in 1924; the original book about Winnie-the-Pooh was published in October 1926; Milne published" ]	[ 8.140625, 6.96875, 6.484375, 5.96484375, 5.71875, 5.50390625, 5.31640625, 5.19921875, 5.15625, 4.18359375, 3.685546875, 2.53515625, 2.111328125, 1.48828125, 1.0634765625, 0.473388671875, 0.3984375, 0.1396484375, -0.5439453125, -1.203125, -1.20703125, -1.232421875, -1.4833984375, -1.59765625, -1.6953125, -2.802734375, -3.171875, -3.701171875, -3.759765625, -3.814453125, -4.41015625, -4.9375 ]
In the Harry Potter novels, what species of owl is Hedwig?	[ "Hedwig (d. 27 July , 1997 ) was Harry Potter 's pet Snowy Owl (Bubo scandiacus). [3] In August 1991 Hedwig was purchased from Eeylops Owl Emporium and was gifted to Harry from Rubeus Hagrid on his eleventh birthday. Owls are used by wizards to deliver mail, but Hedwig was also an important companion as Harry was initiated into the wizarding world . She continued to be one of his closest companions until her death in the Battle of the Seven Potters in 1997.", "Hedwig is Harry Potter's pet Snowy Owl that was given to him by Hagrid on his birthday. Harry found her name in one of his school textbooks. She would carry mail for Harry, as was ordinary for owls in the Wizarding World. While she was not delivering mail, she would roost in the Owlery with the other owls at Hogwarts .", "Hedwig a perfectly unique girl dog name if you are naming a white dog that is extremely intelligent. It derives from the Old German language. Of course, Hedwig is Harry’s female snowy white owl, who brings him messages and letters. She is very trustworthy and loyal. Be a trustworthy and loyal Harry Potter fan and name your dog after Harry’s favorite pet.", "Owl- These are very good pets that can carry messages all around the world. Owls are in all of the Harry Potter books; having Harry’s owl Hedwig; Ron’s owl Pigwidgeon; Percy’s owl Hermes; and the Weasley’s owl Errol.", "Hedwig is an owl who appeared in many of the Harry Potter (Theme) sets and LEGO Harry Potter: Years 1-4 .", "Hedwig is a female snowy owl, given to Harry by Hagrid as a birthday gift on Harry's first visit to Diagon Alley. Thereafter, she appears in the books acting as a messenger and friend to Harry, even at times when all his other friends seem to have deserted him. Her home in Hogwarts' \"owlery\" acts as a refuge from the other students, and her death, in Deathly Hallows: Part 1, was a real loss to Harry. JK Rowling said in a webchat with The Leaky Cauldron \"The loss of Hedwig represented a loss of innocence and security. She has been almost like a cuddly toy to Harry at times. Voldemort killing her marked the end of childhood. I'm sorry... I know that death upset a LOT of people!\" Fun fact: even though Hedwing's a 'she', all the owls to play her were male, because the males have whiter plumage. Appalling! Owl racism AND sexism!", "In J.K. Rowling’s wonderful universe, owls bridge the magical and muggle world, carrying messages, packages, and even Nimbus 2000s with ease as they make it clear to muggles that when a message needs to get through, it WILL get through. One Snowy Owl named Hedwig also provides warm companionship when a lonely wizard named Harry needs it.", "Snowy Owls are not native to Great Britain , and this caused some inconvenience, as she could not always perform tasks for Harry. Specifically, when Sirius Black was in hiding from the Ministry of Magic in 1994 , Harry could not send Hedwig to deliver messages to him, as onlookers would remember a Snowy Owl always going to and from a specific location, prompting a brief disagreement between the two when Hedwig resented being neglected in such a manner. During 1995 , she was attacked by associates of Dolores Umbridge when Umbridge tried to intercept Harry's mail, requiring Dobby and Professor Grubby-Plank to nurse her back to health.", "Hedwig, as Harry Potter's owl is called, accompanies the wizarding boy from his first day in this new and exciting adventure. She is his companion at Hogwarts as well as giving him support and friendship when he has to spend the vacations at the house of his Muggle relatives / the Dursley's.", "Harry's owl and mail courier. Hagrid bought Hedwig from Eeylops Owl Emporium for Harry's eleventh birthday. Wizards use owls to deliver mail.", "Hedwig, Harry Potter's owl, makes her first appearance in the book 'Harry Potter and The Philosopher's / Sorcerer's Stone'. She is a birthday present from Rubeus Hagrid, the 'Keeper of Keys and Grounds' at Hogwarts, to Harry during their first visit to Diagon Alley. She accompanies Harry through his time at school and serves as link to the magical world when he has to spend the holidays at the home of the Dursleys, his Muggle relatives. Hedwig is an accomplished post owl and can find the recipient of a message without the need of an address. Additionally she is highly intelligent and often takes the initiative, for example, when she visits Hermione to make sure that Harry gets his birthday presents from her. She is also a very proud bird and over the years she and Harry have some minor fall-outs which never last very long. In the books she described as eating nuts and 'owl pellets', together with the prey she hunts, but in reality this type of owl is an exclusive meat eater (see below).", "Owls : Owls are perhaps the most visible motif of the Wizarding world. They appear at the start of the first novel, presaging what is to come, and play a very visible role in every novel following. They act as the principal form of communication among wizards (somewhat like carrier pigeons) and also as pets. Harry Potter has a pet owl named Hedwig.", "The Snowy Owl – the large white bird immortalized by the Harry Potter series – is the most northerly bird of prey on the planet. Snowy Owls breed on the tundra around the Arctic Circle, and can tolerate temperatures as low as -50. The birds stand over 18 inches tall, with a wingspan of over 4 feet. Their weight can exceed 6 pounds. When walking on the arctic tundra, one must keep a cautious eye out for apparent patches of unmelted snow on the expanse of ground-cover vegetation.", "Hedwig was known to be an unusually smart owl, as she seemed to know where to find Harry at any time, as demonstrated in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban when (after Harry left the Dursley's abrubtly while she was out flying) she was ready at the Leaky Cauldron awaiting his arrival.", "27 July – Harry Potter leaves Privet Drive for the last time, accompanied by six fake Harry Potters and a crew of Order of the Phoenix members; group narrowly escapes the Death Eaters. Alastor Moody and Harry's pet owl Hedwig are killed during this flight. [79] [80] George Weasley has his ear cursed by Snape; this, however, turns out to be an accident following the revelations of the seventh book.", "Ron seemed resentful to have such a tiny animal compared to Harry’s Hedwig. But we bet he didn’t have to work nearly as hard to clean up after Pigwidgeon as Harry did for Hedwig! Owl poop is smelly and messy. (Unless they’re magical owls—we notice that Harry’s black cloak never has a single white spot on it!)", "It is a northern bird that is nomadic, following its preferred prey, and can be found in North America, Eurasia and, occasionally, the very north of Europe (Shetland Islands and Outer Hebrides). In 'Harry Potter and The Order of The Phoenix' Sirius Black refers to this as he advises Harry not to use Hedwig to communicate with him as she, as a not native bird, is too easily recognized.", "Harry's owl Hedwig was hit by a stray Killing Curse a Death Eater sent Harry's way. When Voldemort caught up with them, Harry thought this was the end, but his wand acted on its own to strike out at the man who was both \"kin and mortal enemy\", destroying Voldemort's borrowed wand. The chaos ended when Harry and Hagrid passed the protective enchantments placed over the house of Nymphadora Tonks ' parents, although Harry was still completely grief-stricken over the death of his beloved owl. After finding Hagrid safe and sound, the pair took a Portkey to the Burrow, where he found a worried Molly and Ginny Weasley standing watch outside in the darkness.", "Recently, some theories have appoint to Severus Snape [2] , who needed to kill Hedwig in order to keep Harry safe. During the Battle of Seven Potters, Snape would have seen Hedwig, and realised she was a dead giveaway as to which of the seven Harrys was the real Harry. The only way to save the boy was to kill his owl, though neither of the theories have been confirmed.", "A tiny owl from Black then arrives on the train with a letter . In the letter, Black reveals that he is travelling far away from Hogwarts to avoid causing further problems and admits he bought Harry the Firebolt with Crookshanks' help. A separate section of the letter provides Harry with permission to visit Hogsmeade; Harry knows Dumbledore will accept it. Sirius also mentions that the tiny owl is a gift for Ron (later named Pigwidgeon by Ginny ), since it is Black's fault that Ron no longer has a rat.", "In the book, Harry names Hedwig from a History of Magic book. In the film, it is not mentioned where the name was chosen from. Hedwig's name isn't even mentioned in the film.", "Hedwig is killed in the final book, struck down by an evil wizard's killing curse as she sits in her cage on Harry's lap. The two are aboard a flying motorbike, trying to escape a horde of evildoers.", "Harry decided on her name after finding it in A History of Magic . Before attending his first year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry , Harry routinely stayed in his bedroom with Hedwig, away from the Dursleys , since she was his only friend at 4 Privet Drive . [4] Throughout her life, Hedwig provided Harry with mail service, as well as loyal companionship. Hedwig often showed Harry her affection by gently nibbling his ears and fingers, and seemed fully capable of understanding his wishes (as she faithfully followed Harry's orders to peck Ronald Weasley and Hermione Granger until they responded to him).", "Now that five Harry Potter movies and all seven books have been released, people have become very familiar with owls. This website will give you facts about owls both in the real world and in J.K. Rowling’s magical world. I live in the United States, but Harry Potter lives in England. Some owls live in both places, and some are found on only one side of the pond. I’ve studied owls for a long time and read all seven Harry Potter books and seen the movies, but I simply couldn’t have written this and made it authoritative without a lot of help from a lot of people. If you have information I should add, corrections, or other comments, please email me .", "Rubeus Hagrid is a fictional character in the Harry Potter book series written by J. K. Rowling. Hagrid is introduced in Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone as a half-giant and half-human who is the gamekeeper and Keeper of Keys and Grounds of Hogwarts, the primary setting for the first six novels. In the third novel Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, Hagrid is promoted to Care of Magical Creatures teacher, and is later revealed to be a member of the Order of the Phoenix.", "Hermione seems massively overloaded with books when we meet her in Diagon Alley . Intending to buy an owl, she instead purchases an unusual ginger-colored cat she names Crookshanks that takes an immediate dislike to Scabbers , Ron's pet rat.", "Argus Filch is the caretaker of Hogwarts. While he is not an evil character, he is ill-tempered, which makes him unpopular with the student body, and occasionally with other staff. His knowledge of the secrets and short-cuts of the castle is almost unparalleled, except perhaps by the Weasley twins, Voldemort himself, Harry, Ron and Hermione, and other users of the Marauder's Map. He tends to favour almost sadistically harsh punishments, leading to his alliance with Dolores Umbridge. He has an obsessive dislike of mud, animate toys, and all other things that might interfere with his creation of an immaculately clean and orderly Hogwarts. He is also portrayed as having a constant antagonism towards Peeves the poltergeist and often tells Dumbledore that Peeves should be thrown out of Hogwarts. He also likes to wander Hogwarts corridors at night, presumably in the hope of catching a student out of bed.", "24 December – Harry Potter and Hermione Granger visit James and Lily Potter's grave at Godric's Hollow. There, they meet Bathilda Bagshot, who is in fact possessed by Voldemort's snake. Hermione accidentally breaks Harry's wand as they are escaping. [85]", "• Crookshanks in the Harry Potter series. Hermione Granger’s familiar appeared in several of the Harry Potter films.", "Appears in: Philosopherï¿½s Stone \| Chamber of Secrets \| Goblet of Fire \| Order of the Phoenix \| Deathly Hallows", "Albus Dumbledore was tall and thin, with silver hair and beard (auburn in his youth) so long that they could be tucked into his belt. He had a very long and crooked nose that looked as if it had been broken at least twice. (It is speculated that his brother's punch during their sister's funeral may have played a role in shaping his nose.) He was also said to have long and skilful fingers. His eyes were described to be a brilliant, soul-piercing shade of blue, and usually twinkled with kindness and mischief.", "Hermione buys a cat named Crookshanks, who takes to chasing Ron's pet rat, Scabbers. Before the start of term, Professor McGonagall secretly gives her a Time-Turner, a device which enables her to go back in time and handle her heavy class schedule, though this is not revealed until the penultimate chapter. Much tension comes into play between Hermione and her two best friends; Harry is furious with her because she told McGonagall that he had received a Firebolt, which was confiscated to be inspected for traces of dark magic. Ron is angry because he feels Crookshanks is responsible for Scabbers' disappearance, while Hermione fiercely maintains that Crookshanks is innocent." ]	[ 4.50390625, 4.18359375, 2.298828125, 1.4130859375, 0.90869140625, 0.77294921875, 0.580078125, 0.2802734375, -0.143310546875, -0.1585693359375, -0.340087890625, -0.69921875, -1.11328125, -1.2314453125, -1.2666015625, -2.140625, -2.765625, -3.005859375, -3.359375, -4.55078125, -4.55859375, -4.8671875, -5.13671875, -5.4375, -5.8125, -6.3984375, -6.796875, -7.2734375, -7.39453125, -7.40625, -7.52734375, -7.97265625 ]
Roger Hargreaves created which characters in a series of books in the 1970s?	[ "Roger Hargreaves was born in 1935 in Cleckheaton, Yorkshire, England. He is the British cartoonist who created the likes of Mr. Nosey and Mr. Grumpy, the simple little cartoon Mr. Men and Little Miss characters and books. He was the creative director for an advertising agency in London when he got the idea for his books. He first began to market the idea in the early '70's, starting with Mr. Men, which appeared in books, BBC cartoons and as a comic strip in the Daily Mirror. The characters spawned over 700 related products and brought along the introduction of the Little Miss books introduced in the early '80s. The two series reached worldwide sales of 85 million volumes and were printed in over 20 different languages. Hargreaves died on September 12, 1988 in Kent, England.", "Roger Hargreaves, (born 1935, Cleckheaton, Yorkshire, Eng.—died Sept. 12, 1988, Kent county), British cartoonist who created whimsical characters best known in the popular “Mr. Men” series of books for children.", "Over the course of the 1970s Roger Hargreaves produced 38 more Mr Men in addition to Mr Tickle, as well as producing a number of other Mr Men books. In the 1980s Roger Hargreaves began the Little Miss series with 'Little Miss Bossy' and he produced 21 characters and books. As well as this two special Mr Men stories were created in 1985 'Mr Nobody' and 'Mr Christmas'. Both of these have been rereleased in later years. Roger Hargreaves died in 1988 and his son Adam was to take over the franchise.", "The late Roger Hargreaves was an English author and illustrator of childrens' books, including the popular Mr. Men and Little Miss series.", "Charles Roger Hargreaves (9 May 1935 – 11 September 1988) was an English author and illustrator of children's books, notably the Mr. Men and Little Miss series, intended for very young readers. The books' simple and silly stories, with bright-coloured, boldly drawn illustrations, have been part of popular culture for over 25 years, with sales over 100 million worldwide in 15 languages", "Mr. Men is a series of 49 children's books by British author Roger Hargreaves commencing in 1971. From 1981, an accompanying series of 42 Little Miss books by the same author, but with female characters were published. After Hargreaves's death in 1988, his son Adam Hargreaves began writing and illustrating new stories like Mr. Good and Mr. Cool.", "By 1976, Hargreaves had quit his day job. In 1981, the Little Miss series of books began to appear. It, too, was made into a television series in 1983, which was narrated by John Alderton, who, with Pauline Collins, voiced the Men and Misses, respectively. Although Hargreaves wrote many other children's stories, including the Timbuctoo series of twenty-five books, John Mouse, and the Roundy and Squary books, he is best known for his 46 Mr. Men books and 33 Little Miss books.", "In the past decade, Roger Hargreaves became one of best-selling British authors, alongside Harry Potter creator JK Rowling.", "Hargreaves attended Sowerby Bridge Grammar School (now Sowerby Bridge High School).[http://www.halifaxcourier.co.uk/news/calderdale/are-you-a-sowerby-bridge-high-old-boy-or-girl-share-your-memories-online-at-www-halifaxcourier-co-uk-1-1948091 Sowerby Bridge High Old Boy or Girl at Halifax Courier]. Retrieved 25 May 2015 He then spent a year working in his father's laundry and dry-cleaning business before gaining employment in advertising. His original ambition was to be a cartoonist, and in 1971, while working as the creative director at a London firm, he wrote the first Mr. Men book, Mr. Tickle. Initially he had difficulty finding a publisher, but once he did the books became an instant success, selling over one million copies within three years. In 1974 the books spawned a BBC animated television series, narrated by Arthur Lowe. A second series the following year saw newer titles transmitted in double bill format with those from the first series.", "Also during the 1970s, Pocket Books published 11 novels based on Marvel Comics characters. Juvenile novels featuring Marvel Comics and DC Comics characters including Batman , Spider-Man , the X-Men , and the Justice League , have been published, often marketed in association with TV series , as have Big Little Books starring the Fantastic Four and others.", "We�re delighted to mark the 45th anniversary of these iconic characters with an instantly recognisable Special Stamp issue that�s guaranteed to put a smile on your face. It features all of your favourites, and includes new illustrations by Roger Hargreaves� son Adam in the Presentation Pack. Issued on 20 October 2016.", "Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince is the sixth and penultimate novel in the Harry Potter series by British author J. K. Rowling. Set during protagonist Harry Potter's sixth year at Hogwarts, the novel explores the past of Harry's nemesis, Lord Voldemort, and Harry's preparations for the final battle alongside his headmaster and mentor Albus Dumbledore.", "The Wombles are fictional characters created by British author Elisabeth Beresford, originally appearing in a series of children’s novels from 1968. Wombles are pointy-nosed furry creatures (though the characters in the original books resembled ordinary ‘teddy bears’) that live in burrows, where they help the environment by recycling rubbish in useful and ingenious ways. This “green” message was ahead of its time in the 1970s, though shared at the time by the popular science-fiction programme Doctor Who. Although Wombles live in every country in the world, the stories focus on the life of the Wimbledon Common burrow in London, England. Beresford reportedly invented the name “Womble” when one of her children referred to Wimbledon Common as “Wombledon Common”; “womble” is, to some, an inherently funny word. “Wombles” is also a nickname of AFC Wimbledon. Fans have many terrace songs in which “Wombles” are referred to. All the songs were written and performed by Mike Batt.", "Another female character appears in the form of Worrals (Flight Officer Joan Worralson), eponymous heroine of a related series of books featuring this resourceful and \"plucky\" member of the WAAF . A further Johns creation, the commando Captain Lorrington \"Gimlet\" King , also features in a series of books that intersect with Biggles at times.", "All of these were out of print for many years, but through 2010 and 2011 they were re-issued (along with the 1973 short-story collection The Invisible Womble) by Bloomsbury with all-new illustrations by Nick Price. The last two books are less well known than the original four, perhaps because they appeared after the successful television series began. In The Wandering Wombles, the setting moved from Wimbledon Common to Hyde Park in central London. However The Wombles to the Rescue saw them return to Wimbledon Common.", "↑ Johns was a prolific author of more than 160 books, most of them about the armed forces. The main series were Biggles; the \" Steeley \" books (1936–1939), a World War 1 pilot turned crime-fighter; \" Worrals \" (1941–1950), the adventures of a female pilot in WW2; \" Gimlet \" (1943–1954), commando adventures, and the \" 'Tiger' Clinton \" books (1954–1963), science fiction with a background in part derived from flying saucer literature. There were occasional canon crossovers between the Biggles, Worrals, and Gimlet series, mostly in the short stories.", "Discworld is a comic fantasy book series written by the English author Terry Pratchett (1948–2015), set on the fictional Discworld, a flat disc balanced on the backs of four elephants which in turn stand on the back of a giant turtle, Great A'Tuin. The books frequently parody or take inspiration from J. R. R. Tolkien, Robert E. Howard, H. P. Lovecraft, Charles Dickens, and William Shakespeare, as well as mythology, folklore and fairy tales, often using them for satirical parallels with current cultural, political and scientific issues. The series is popular, with more than 80 million books sold in 37 languages. ", "Discworld is a comedic fantasy book series by the British author Terry Pratchett , set on the Discworld , a flat world balanced on the backs of four elephants which, in turn, stand on the back of a giant turtle, Great A'Tuin . The books frequently parody, or at least borrow ideas from, J. R. R. Tolkien , Robert E. Howard , H. P. Lovecraft and William Shakespeare , as well as mythology , folklore and fairy tales , often using them for satirical parallels with current cultural, technological and scientific issues.", "Children's sf has been and is written for a variety of age groups. Here we generally regard sf written for children of 11 and under as outside our range, although nostalgic reference must be made to the following: the 1927-1958 Freddy the Pig sequence by Walter R Brooks , several of whose later volumes include sf devices; the relatively rare sf excursions, from 1927 to 1955, of the hugely prolific Enid Blyton ; the splendidly bizarre Doctor Dolittle in the Moon (1928) by Hugh Lofting ; the Professor Branestawm books by Norman Hunter , beginning with The Incredible Adventures of Professor Branestawm (1933), all featuring the ridiculous adventures of the eponymous eccentric scientist (see Mad Scientist ); the minor children's classic My Friend Mr Leakey (coll of linked stories 1937) by the biologist J B S Haldane , a fantasy combining elements of magic and sf; a better known classic series for younger children, the seven Narnia books by C S Lewis , beginning with The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (1950) and ending with The Last Battle (1956) – these stories are basically religious allegory cum Fantasy , but contain such sf elements as Parallel Worlds and Time Travel ; The Twenty-One Balloons (1946) by William Pène du Bois , an amusing Pacific-island scientific Utopia ; and the quirkily humorous Uncle stories by J P Martin , shunned by UK publishers in the 1930s but generating a cult following when finally published in the 1960s.", "The Wombles were created by author Elisabeth Beresford , originally appearing in a series of children's novels from 1968. The characters later became nationally famous in the mid 1970s as a result of a popular BBC children's television show using stop-motion animation . A number of spin-off novelty songs also became major hits in the British music charts.", "A popular 1970s British children's television series, Dick Turpin, starred Richard O'Sullivan as a fictionalised Turpin and Michael Deeks as his sidekick Swiftnick. The show was made by London Weekend Television for the ITV network (It is also noted for a memorable error in one scene where Turpin is riding his horse down a lane only for telegraph poles and wires to be clearly visible in the background)", "Original: The character was created by Michael Bond for a series of books and later enchanted 1970s audiences on the BBC", "Blackadder is a series of four BBC1 period British sitcoms , along with several one-off installments. All television episodes starred Rowan Atkinson as the anti-hero Edmund Blackadder , and Tony Robinson as Blackadder's dogsbody , Baldrick . Each series was set in a different historical period, with the two protagonists accompanied by different characters, though several reappear in one series or another, for example Melchett ( Stephen Fry ) and Lord Flashheart ( Rik Mayall ).", "James Bigglesworth, nicknamed \"Biggles\", is a fictional pilot and adventurer, the title character and main hero of the Biggles series of youth-oriented adventure books written by W. E. Johns (1893–1968). Biggles first appeared in the story \"The White Fokker\", published in the first issue of Popular Flying magazine, in 1932. The first collection of Biggles stories, The Camels Are Coming, was published that same year. The series was continued until the author's death in 1968, eventually spanning nearly a hundred volumes – including novels and short story collections – most of the latter with a common setting and time.", "Pratchett's first children's novel was also his first published novel: The Carpet People in 1971, which Pratchett substantially rewrote and re-released in 1992. The next, Truckers (1988), was the first in The Nome Trilogy of novels for young readers, about small gnome-like creatures called \"Nomes\", and the trilogy continued in Diggers (1990) and Wings (1990). Subsequently, Pratchett wrote the Johnny Maxwell trilogy, about the adventures of a boy called Johnny Maxwell and his friends, comprising Only You Can Save Mankind (1992), Johnny and the Dead (1993) and Johnny and the Bomb (1996).", "The character first appeared in a Thames Television series which began in 1975, starring Leo McKern in the title role. The series ran for seven seasons and was complemented by tie-in collections of short stories and at least one novel written by John Mortimer, who also wrote the scripts. Mortimer, a barrister himself, was a well-known campaigner for causes such as restrictions on censorship; and issues of social justice frequently arise in the Rumpole stories, though coloured by Mortimer's perspective as a white, public-school educated man brought up within the Establishment.", "Watership Down is a classic adventure novel, written by English author Richard Adams, published by Rex Collings Ltd of London in 1972. Set in southern England, the story features a small group of rabbits. Although they live in their natural environment, they are anthropomorphised, possessing their own culture, language, proverbs, poetry, and mythology. Evoking epic themes, the novel follows the rabbits as they escape the destruction of their warren and seek a place to establish a new home, encountering perils and temptations along the way.", "Watership Down is a heroic fantasy novel about a small group of rabbits, written by British author Richard Adams. Although the animals in the story live in their natural environment, they are anthropomorphised, possessing their own culture, language, proverbs, poetry, and mythology. Evoking epic themes, the novel recounts the rabbits' odyssey as they escape the destruction of their warren to seek a place in which to establish a new home, encountering perils and temptations along the way. The novel takes its name from the rabbits' destination, Watership Down, a hill in the north of Hampshire, England, near the area where Adams grew up. The story is based on a collection of tales that Adams told to his young children to pass the time on trips to the countryside. Published in 1972, Watership Down was Richard Adams' first novel, and is by far his most successful to date. Though it was initially rejected by thirteen publishers before eventually being accepted by Rex Collings Ltd, Watership Down has never been out of print, and was the recipient of several prestigious awards. Adapted into an acclaimed classic film and a television series, it is Penguin Books' best-selling novel of all time. In 1996, Adams published Tales from Watership Down, a follow-up collection of 19 short stories about El-ahrairah and the rabbits of the Watership Down warren.", "This post takes a brief look at some of the UK book and comic art that came out in 1975/6 featuring stories from the films and the TV series.", "The Carpet People is a fantasy novel by Terry Pratchett which was originally published in 1971, but was later re-written by the author when his work became more widespread and well-known. In the Author's Note of the revised edition, published in 1992, Terry Pratchett wrote: \"This book had two authors, and they were both the same person.\"", "Written (and adapted) by Tony Robinson, illustrated by Paul Cemmick. Published by the BBC and Penguin Character Books Ltd. between 1989 and 1992.", "The Fosdyke Saga by Bill Tidy first appeared in book form in 1972, published by Mirror Books." ]	[ 7.8203125, 7.03515625, 5.05859375, 3.53125, 3.494140625, 2.17578125, 1.14453125, 0.80810546875, -0.37890625, -0.8662109375, -2.58984375, -3.98828125, -4.12109375, -4.3828125, -4.9453125, -4.984375, -5.06640625, -5.3671875, -5.6328125, -5.65625, -6.1796875, -6.3359375, -6.9296875, -7.1015625, -7.45703125, -7.61328125, -8.625, -9.1953125, -9.3984375, -9.4765625, -10.1171875, -10.3984375 ]
What is Charlie's surname in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory?	[ "In Roald Dahl's children's novel, \"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory,\" Charlie's surname is Bucket. The novel tells the story of Charlie Bucket touring the inside of Willy Wonka's chocolate factory.", "The story revolves around a poor young boy named Charlie Bucket born to a penniless, starving family. He resides with both his paternal and maternal grandparents, who are bedridden. Along with Charlie's mother and father, they dwell in a dilapidated, tiny house. Charlie is fascinated by the universally-celebrated chocolate factory located in his hometown owned by famous chocolatier Willy Wonka. His Grandpa Joe often tells him stories about Wonka and his mysterious chocolate factory, how it had been shuttered for years, and how it inexplicably re-opened and resumed candy production without any evidence of employees.", "Chocolate has been the center of several successful book and film adaptations. In 1964, Roald Dahl published a children's novel titled Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. The novel centers on a poor boy named Charlie Bucket who takes a tour through the greatest chocolate factory in the world, owned by Willy Wonka. Two film adaptations of the novel were produced. The first was Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory, a 1971 film which later became a cult classic, and spawned the real world Willy Wonka Candy Company, which produces chocolate products to this day. Thirty-four years later, a second film adaptation was produced, titled Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. The 2005 film was very well received by critics and was one of the highest-grossing films that year, earning over US$470,000,000 worldwide. Charlie and the Chocolate Factory was also recognized at the 78th Academy Awards, where it was nominated for Best Costume Design for Gabriella Pesucci. ", "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory is a 1964 children's book by British author Roald Dahl . This story features the adventures of young Charlie Bucket inside the chocolate factory of eccentric chocolatier Willy Wonka .", "Charlie – The humble, good-hearted Charlie Bucket managed to avoid the fates of the other children on the Chocolate Factory tour, and he ends by winning the grand prize – a chance to inherit Willy Wonka’s legacy. He’s never referred to as Charles , and plenty of parents today are naming their children just Charlie – like David Arquette, who recently welcomed Charlie West. It’s also used for girls, but not in Dahl’s writing.", "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2005) is an adaptation of the book of the same name by Roald Dahl. Starring Johnny Depp as Willy Wonka, Freddie Highmore as Charlie Bucket and Philip Wiegratz as Augustus Gloop, the film generally took a more faithful approach to the source material than the 1971 adaptation, Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory, although some liberties were taken, such as adding Wonka's issue with his father (played by Christopher Lee). Charlie and the Chocolate Factory was later nominated for the Academy Award for Best Costume Design. The film made over $207 million domestically. Filming proved difficult as Burton, Depp, and Danny Elfman had to work on this and Burton's Corpse Bride at the same time.", "Charlie Bucket is a young boy who comes from a poor but loving family and would love nothing more than to find a golden ticket to enter the amazing chocolate factory run by inventor and owner Willy Wonka. As luck would have it, Charlie finds the last golden ticket and goes on this once-in-a-lifetime adventure with his grandpa Joe. Among the other four winners are Veruca Salt, a spoiled rich girl; Augustus Gloop, a gluttonous kid who stuffs his face with sweets; Violet Beuragarde, a champion trophy gum chewer; and Mike Teavee, a kid who spends more time watching TV and playing video games than anything else. Most fascinating is the mysterious Willy Wonka who in turn had a troubled childhood and has a special grand prize at the end for one of the kids. Also along the tour are Wonka's staff the singing, working Oommpa Loompas.", "Charlie Bucket (Freddie Highmore) is a kind and loving boy living in poverty with his parents (Noah Taylor and Helena Bonham Carter) and four bedridden grandparents. They all rely on his father for income, employed at a toothpaste factory, responsible for putting the caps on the tubes. Down the street is Willy Wonka's (Johnny Depp) chocolate factory, which reopened after industrial espionage forced him into seclusion and sacking his employees. Charlie's Grandpa Joe (David Kelly) worked for Wonka before the termination.", "In an unnamed European town, children go to a candy shop after school. Charlie Bucket, whose family is poor, can only stare through the window as the shop owner sings \"The Candy Man\". The newsagent for whom Charlie works after school gives him his weekly pay, which Charlie uses to buy a loaf of bread for his family. On his way home, he passes Willy Wonka's chocolate factory. A mysterious tinker recites the first lines of William Allingham's poem \"The Fairies\", and tells Charlie, \"Nobody ever goes in, and nobody ever comes out.\" Charlie rushes home to his widowed mother and his four bedridden grandparents. After he tells Grandpa Joe about the tinker, Joe tells him that Wonka locked the factory because other candy makers, including his arch-rival Arthur Slugworth, sent in spies disguised as employees to steal his chocolate and candy recipes. Wonka disappeared, but three years later began selling more candy; the origin of Wonka's labor force is a mystery.", "Willy Wonka (Depp), the eccentric recluse whose factory churns out the world’s most popular chocolates and candy, is holding a contest. Five lucky kids who find a Golden Ticket hidden in his chocolate bars will get to tour Wonka’s fantastic factory, with one lucky winner getting an even bigger prize. For Charlie Bucket (Freddie Highmore), the poorest boy in town, it’s a chance for him to get his family out of their impoverished lifestyle, and it’s a day that he and his Grandpa Joe (David Kelly) will not soon forget.", "In addition to spawning a sequel, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory has frequently been adapted for other media, including games, radio, the screen, and stage, most often as plays and musicals for children - often titled Willy Wonka or Willy Wonka, Jr. and almost always featuring musical numbers by all the main characters (Wonka, Charlie, Grandpa Joe, Violet, Veruca, etc.); many of these songs are revised versions from the 1971 film.", "Grandpa Joe appears in two of Roald Dahl's stories: Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and its various film and stage adaptations, and Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator. He is the grandfather of Charlie Bucket and is married to Grandma Josephine.", "Charlie Bucket (FREDDIE HIGHMORE) is a nice kid from a poor family -- including his parents, (HELENA BONHAM CARTER & NOAH TAYLOR) along with Grandpa Joe (DAVID KELLY), Grandma Georgina (LIZ SMITH), Grandma Josephine (EILEEN ESSELL) and Grandpa George (DAVID MORRIS) -- that collectively lives in the shadow of the enormous Wonka Candy factory that dominates their small town. Grandpa Joe once worked in the factory for the highly imaginative but quirky owner, Willy Wonka (JOHNNY DEPP), but when rivals stole all of his secret candy formulas, Wonka fired everyone, shuttered the doors and hasn't been seen since.", "Willy Wonka is a fictional character in the novel Charlie and the Chocolate Factory , as well as the film adaptations Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory . Wonka is stated to be old, as he is portrayed in the story to be \"older than you think\".", "Due to his family's extreme poverty, Charlie rarely gets to eat chocolate, even though he lives in the town where the world famous chocolate factory of Willy Wonka is located. Charlie loves to hear stories about the factory and its owner from his Grandpa Joe. Charlie learns that Willy Wonka was forced to close his factory after it was infiltrated by industrial spies who stole all his trade secrets. However, the factory suddenly reopened one day and has been in operation ever since, even though no workers have ever been seen entering or leaving the building. Willy Wonka now guards the secrets of his chocolate making by never allowing any visitors into his factory.", "Charlie Bucket, Augustus Gloop, Veruca Salt, Violet Beauregarde and Mike Teevee from Charlie and the Chocolate Factory", "Grandpa Joe is one of Charlie's four bed-ridden grandparents. He's usually stubborn and paranoid, but still kind, grandfatherly, excitable, and supportive. He tells Charlie (and the reader) the story of Willy Wonka's chocolate factory and the mystery of the secret workers. When Charlie finds the Golden Ticket, Grandpa Joe leaps out of bed in joy, and later accompanies Charlie on the factory tour. In the sequel book, Grandpa Joe accompanies Charlie, Willy Wonka, and all members of Charlie's family in the Great Glass Elevator and assists the rescue of the Commuter Capsule from the Vermicious Knids. Grandpa Joe's age is given as \"ninety-six and a half\" in \"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory\", making him the eldest of Charlie's grandparents.", "The children's book Charlie and the Chocolate Factory depicts Willy Wonka as wearing a top hat, and both Gene Wilder and Johnny Depp depict him that way in the film adaptations.", "Slugworth only makes a split-second appearance in Tim Burton's Charlie and the Chocolate Factory where he alongside Mr. Ficklegruber and Mr. Prodnose are sending spies to steal ingredients from Wonka's factory. He is here played by Philip Philmar.", "Early in the development of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory in February 2000, Warner Bros. announced their intention of marketing the film with a Broadway theatre musical after release. The studio reiterated their interest in May 2003, however, the idea was postponed by the time filming began in June 2004. The main tie-in for Charlie and the Chocolate Factory focused on The Willy Wonka Candy Company, a division of Nestlé. A small range of Wonka Bars were launched, utilizing their prominence in the film. The release of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory also rekindled public interest in Roald Dahl's 1964 book, where it remained on the New York Times Best Seller list from July 3 to October 23, 2005. ", "Slugworth only makes a split-second appearance in Tim Burton's Charlie and the Chocolate Factory . He receives a secret recipe from Prodnose and is not heard of again. Examples of the plagiarization are shown, as is Wonka closing the doors on his workers, including Grandpa Joe. When Grandpa Joe meets Wonka, he tells him he used to work in his factory. Wonka does not seem to recognize Grandpa Joe, instead demanding if Grandpa Joe was one of the spies.", "Principal photography for Charlie and the Chocolate Factory started on June 21, 2004 at Pinewood Studios in England. Director Tim Burton and composer Danny Elfman found filming somewhat difficult because they were simultaneously working on Corpse Bride. The Wonka Factory exterior was coincidentally constructed on the same backlot Burton had used for Gotham City in Batman (1989). The ceremonial scene required 500 local extras. The Chocolate Room/River setpiece filled Pinewood's 007 Stage. As a consequence of British Equity rules, which state that children can only work four and a half hours a day, filming for Charlie and the Chocolate Factory took six months, ending in December 2004.", "In the 2013 London musical, Augustus Gloop is known as \"the Bavarian Beefcake\" in his Alpine community. His mother and father indulge his eating habits with sweets and pieces of sausage of which they (and sometimes Augustus) butcher themselves. In his number, \"More of Him to Love\", Frau Gloop reveals that she had vital organs removed to retrieve Augustus from the womb. They arrive at the factory wearing traditional Eastern European clothing, with Augustus in a red, argyle sweater and green shorts. When Augustus falls into the chocolate river Wonka summons the diversionary pumping system to divert the flow, while Oompa Loompas dressed in red boiler suits sing, \"Auf Wiedersehen Augustus Gloop\", as they prepare the chocolate, while Augustus travels through the main industrial pipe, occasionally getting stuck.", "This is an essay published in the journal Biography in, I believe, 1998. It was titled, in a seizure of alliteration, “Finding Fate’s Father.” It focuses on Roald Dahl’s history of loss and the writing of the book Charlie and the Chocolate Factory.", "Burton immediately brought regular collaborators Depp and Danny Elfman aboard. Charlie and the Chocolate Factory represents the first time since The Nightmare Before Christmas that Elfman contributed to the film score using written songs and his vocals. Filming took place from June to December 2004 at Pinewood Studios in the United Kingdom, where Burton avoided using digital effects as much as possible. Charlie and the Chocolate Factory was released to critical praise and was a box office success, grossing approximately $475 million worldwide.", "The book was adapted into two major motion pictures: Charlie and the Chocolate Factory in 2005, and Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory in 1971. There are several differences between the book and its movie adaptation.", "He was considered for the role of Grandpa Joe in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2005).", "Charlie & Chocolate Factory movie novel by Roald Dahl, Quentin Blake \|, Other Format \| Barnes & Noble®", "Idle has also acted as Narrator to the AudioNovel \"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory\" by Roald Dahl.", "A: Because they're back again thanks to the cinema release of the Charlie and the Chocolate Factory movie re-make, directed by Tim Burton. It goes on general release on Friday 29 July across the UK, and stars Johnny Depp.", " A video game, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory based on Burton's adaptation, was released on 11 July 2005.", "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory - The Book vs. The Movie - Difference and Comparison \| Diffen" ]	[ 7.84375, 3.2734375, 2.865234375, 2.138671875, 1.7724609375, 1.376953125, -0.08709716796875, -0.15966796875, -0.304443359375, -0.611328125, -0.73486328125, -0.93505859375, -1.7978515625, -1.8271484375, -1.951171875, -1.9755859375, -2.130859375, -2.4765625, -3.498046875, -3.564453125, -3.626953125, -3.865234375, -4.296875, -4.59765625, -4.7734375, -4.80859375, -5.140625, -5.55078125, -5.88671875, -6.015625, -6.3984375, -6.77734375 ]
Which children's book features Tweedledum and Tweedledee?	[ "Tweedledum and Tweedledee are fictional characters in an English language nursery rhyme and in Lewis Carroll 's Through the Looking-Glass, and Alice in Wonderland. Their names may have originally come from an epigram written by poet John Byrom. The nursery rhyme has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 19800.", "Alice meets Tweedledum and Tweedledee in Lewis Carroll's children's novel Alice Through The Looking Glass. Rischgitz/Getty Images", "Tweedledum and Tweedledee are fictional characters in an English nursery rhyme and in Lewis Carroll's Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There. Their names may have originally come from an epigram written by poet John Byrom. The nursery rhyme has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 19800. The names have since become synonymous in western popular culture slang for any two people who look and act in identical ways, generally in a derogatory context.", "Rudyard Kipling references Tweedle-dum and Tweedle-dee at the beginning of the short story \"Her Majesty's Servants\", from The Jungle Book (1894).", "Five years after the pair showed up in Carroll’s Through the Looking-Glass, the anti-war nursery rhyme ‘Tweedledum and Tweedledee’ was published in Extraordinary Nursery Rhymes (1876):", "Chapter Four – Tweedledum and Tweedledee: She then meets the fat twin brothers Tweedledum and Tweedledee, whom she knows from the famous nursery rhyme. After reciting the long poem \"The Walrus and the Carpenter\", the Tweedles draw Alice's attention to the Red King—loudly snoring away under a nearby tree—and maliciously provoke her with idle philosophical banter that she exists only as an imaginary figure in the Red King's dreams (thereby implying that she will cease to exist the instant he wakes up). Finally, the brothers begin acting out their nursery-rhyme by suiting up for battle, only to be frightened away by an enormous crow, as the nursery rhyme about them predicts.", "Alice approaches the portly twins Tweedledee and Tweedledum, who stand side by side with their arms around each other’s shoulders. Upon seeing them, Alice begins reciting a poem that she knows about them. The poem describes Tweedledee and Tweedledum fighting over a broken rattle until a crow frightens them, causing them to forget their argument. They deny that this has ever happened, and though they ignore Alice’s questions about how to get out of the wood, they do extend their hands to her in greeting. Alice does not want to choose one over the other, so she grabs each man’s hand and the three begin dancing in a ring. After a short dance, they stop, and though Alice continues to ask how to get out of the wood, Tweedledee and Tweedledum ignore her.", "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is a children's novel written by L. Frank Baum and illustrated by W. W. Denslow. Originally published by the George M. Hill Company in Chicago on May 17, 1900, it has since been reprinted numerous times, most often under the name The Wizard of Oz, which is the name of both the 1902 stage play and the well-known adaptation 1939 film version, starring Judy Garland. The story chronicles the adventures of a young girl named Dorothy Gale in the Land of Oz, after being swept away from her Kansas farm home in a tornado. Thanks in part to the 1939 MGM movie, it is one of the best-known stories in American popular culture.", "Other children's books that deserve mentioning: A Wrinkle in Time, Tom Sawyer, and To Kill a Mockingbird. That last one is usually classified as in the children/young adult section of libraries, but like Harry Potter, it has more depth--and more humor--than just a story about kids growing up.", "CCBC Review (from CCBC Choices 2000): In his second year at Hogwarts School for Witchcraft and Wizardry, 12-year-old Harry Potter continues to learn about his destiny as the greatest wizard of his generation. New challenges and adventure seem to lie in wait for him at every turn of the twisting staircases and corridors of Hogwarts. What is the meaning of the mysterious whispered messages only Harry can hear: \". . . so hungry . . . for so long . . . kill . . . time to kill . . .\" Who is attacking the selected students and, one by one, turning them into petrified human pillars? Do all the answers lie in the rumored Chamber of Secrets, if such a place even exists? With his mates, Ron and Hermione, Harry sets out to find solve these mysteries, using intellect, rudimentary magic, and a little bit of luck. Readers of the first volume of this extremely popular series, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone (Levine/Scholastic, 1998), will recognize the setting and many of the characters. In addition, they will be pleased to meet some new cast members, including Dobby, a self-deprecating, gossipy house elf and Gilderoy Lockhart, a self-important best-selling author who's come to teach Defense Against the Dark Arts at Hogwarts. Ingenious plotting, dazzling humor, and an overall inventive vision are fast becoming the hallmark of J.K. Rowling's highly appealing novels. (Age 8 and older) ï¿½1998 Cooperative Children's Book Center", "Crickets feature as major characters in novels and children's books. Charles Dickens's 1845 novella The Cricket on the Hearth, divided into sections called \"Chirps\", tells the story of a cricket which chirps on the hearth and acts as a guardian angel to a family. Carlo Collodi's 1883 children's book \"Le avventure di Pinocchio\" (The Adventures of Pinocchio) featured \"Il Grillo Parlante\" (The Talking Cricket) as one of its characters. George Selden's 1960 children's book The Cricket in Times Square tells the story of Chester the cricket from Connecticut who joins a family and their other animals, and is taken to see Times Square in New York. The story, which won the Newbery Honor, came to Selden on hearing a real cricket chirp in Times Square. ", "When The Wizard of Oz was published in 1900 with illustrations by the Chicago-based artist William Wallace Denslow, Baum became not only the best-selling children’s book author in the country, but also the founder of a genre. Until this point, American children read European literature; there had never been a successful American children’s book author. Unlike other books for children, The Wizard of Oz was pleasingly informal; characters were defined by their actions rather than authorial discourse; and morality was a subtext rather than a juggernaut rolling through the text. The New York Times wrote that children would be “pleased with dashes of color and something new in the place of the old, familiar, and winged fairies of Grimm and Anderson.”", "The Wind in the Willows . (1908) I love Kenneth Grahame’s book about the adventures of Mole, Rat and their loopy friend, Toad, but I also think it is too often recommended for very young children. The content is appropriate, of course, but Grahame’s syntax and vocabulary is quite sophisticated. Although many parents start out reading this classic first, I suggest starting with something easier, like Wizard of Oz or even Just So Stories. At Project Gutenberg (some formats with images).", "Classic books in childrens literature include Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm, by Kate Douglas Wiggin (1856-1923), Little House on the Prairie, by Laura Ingalls Wilder (1867-1957), and Little Women, by Louisa May Alcott (1832-1888). Wigginss tale of Rebecca recounts the adventures of a spirited young girl who is sent to live with two dignified aunts in a New England town. Wilders book, which was the basis for a highly successful television series in the 1970s and 1980s, is one in a series based on the authors childhood experiences on the American frontier. Alcotts Little Women is a story of four sisters that is loosely based on Alcotts own family life.", "The Cowardly Lion is a character in the fictional Land of Oz created by American author L. Frank Baum. He is an African Lion, but he speaks and interacts with humans.", "Roald Dahl's children's classic will be rediscovered with wonder and delight in this handsome gift edition with all-new black-and-white illustrations by Caldecott Honor Book artist Lane Smith (who also designed the characters for the Disney animated film). How James escapes from his miserable life with two nasty aunts and becomes a hero to his new insect family, including Miss Spider, the Old-Green-Grasshopper, the Centipede (with his 21 pairs of gorgeous boots), is Dahl-icious fantasy at its best.", "Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz is the fourth book set in the Land of Oz written by L. Frank Baum and illustrated by John R. Neill. It was published on June 18, 1908 and reunites Dorothy with the humbug Wizard from The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900). This is one of only two of the original fourteen Oz books (the other being The Emerald City of Oz (1910), to be illustrated with watercolor paintings.", "Although this book is the sixth in the series, it is the first chronologically. It relates the story of two English children, Polly Plummer and Digory Kirke, who are the first to visit the magic land of Narnia, where animals can talk and horses can fly. 1955", "The critically acclaimed book Charlotte's Web written by award-winning author E.B. White and illustrated by Garth Williams is the best selling children's paperback of all time. To date the book has sold 45 Million copies worldwide and has been translated into 23 languages since published in 1952.", "The eponymous character introduced by this British team owes a large debt to Maurice Sendak's Where the Wild Things Are. When Mouse meets Fox in the \"deep dark wood,\" he invents a story about the gruffalo, described very much like Sendak's fearsome quartet of wild thingsÄ\"He has terrible tusks, and terrible claws, and terrible teeth in his terrible jaws.\" The gullible fox runs away when Mouse tells him that the gruffalo's favorite food is roasted fox. \"Silly old Fox!\" says Mouse, \"Doesn't he know?/ There's no such thing as a gruffalo!\" Owl and Snake follow suit until, with a turn of the page, Mouse runs into the creature he has imagined. Quick-thinking Mouse then tells the monster, \"I'm the scariest creature in this deep dark wood./ Just walk behind me and soon you'll see,/ Everyone for miles is afraid of me.\" Fox, Owl and Snake appear to be terrified of the tiny mouse, but readers can plainly see the real object of their fears. By story's end, the gruffalo flees, and Mouse enjoys his nut lunch in peace. Despite the derivative plot line, debut author Donaldson manipulates the repetitive language and rhymes to good advantage, supplying her story with plenty of scary-but-not-too-scary moments. Scheffler's gruffalo may seem a goofy hybrid of Max's wild things, but his cartoonlike illustrations build suspense via spot-art previews of the monster's orange eyes, black tongue and purple prickles until the monster's appearance in full. Ages 4-8. (June) Copyright 1999 Cahners Business Information.", "Rated 4 out of 5 by Sammi from Super Book This is a classic story about a mouse who walks into the woods and the animals he meets along the way. The story is very cute and has a rythym and rhyme pattern to it that kids just love - It has been read over repeatedly in my classroom. The Gruffalo is a must have for any teachers or family collection !", "In PBS Kids’ “Super Why: The Three Billy Goats Gruff and Other Fairytale Adventures,” the Super Readers employ basic literacy tools and strategies to uncover hidden clues in new and interactive ways. Among other things, the Super Readers reconsider “The Three Billy Goats Gruff” from the point of view of the Troll; Princess Pea and Red are partners in a potato sack race, but can’t decide whether to go slow and steady, as dictated in “The Tortoise & the Hare,” treat it as a sprint; and “The Elves and The Shoemaker,” in which Whyatt has a secret admirer and wants to know who it is.", "The Field Guide. The Spiderwick Chronicles: 1: When the Grace children--nine-year-old twins Jared and Simon and their thirteen-year-old sister, Mallory--move into their great-aunt Lucinda's run-down Victorian house, mischief begins, and Jared is blamed. Finding a book about faeries in a secret room gives a Jared a clue about the unseen troublemaker. For grades 2-4. 2003. DB056514", "1939?/52? The Country Mouse and the City Mouse and Other Stories. Watty Piper NA. Lucille W. and H.C. Holling NA. Pamphlet. Platt and Munk. $5 from Chimney Sweep Books, Santa Cruz, August, '89. Extra copy in good condition for $5 from Book Alley, Pasadena, July, '00.", "When I was age 9-11, I read Mr. Mysterious & Company, by Sid Fleischman, over and over about 30 times because I loved it. I would have read it more, but other kids liked it, too, and our library had only one copy. The story was about a traveling magic show in the Old West. I was intrigued by The Twenty-One Balloons, by William Pene du Bois -- I read it maybe 15 times. Until today I didn't know that it won the Newbery Award. Garth Seldon's The Cricket in Times Square enchanted me, although I didn't reread it. (Sid Fleischman is author of the Newbery Award winner The Whipping Boy, which I've been intending to pick up sometime because it sounds interesting even if it was written for children.)", "Patrick Benson re-illustrated the story in 1994 and HarperCollins published it in 1994 together with the William Horwood sequels , and . It was published in the US in 1995 by St Martin's Press.", "Baum’s The Patchwork Girl of Oz (1913) is issued in the “Books of Wonder Classics” series by Books of Wonder and William Morrow, New York. This volume reproduces the book’s original color illustrations and color endpapers for the first time in more than 50 years. The publisher makes a few minor edits to material, including removing one illustration considered racist by contemporary standards. The edits spark debate among Oz fans.", "The Gruffalo has two main characters, the mouse and the gruffalo. The book also has supporting characters: the fox, the owl, and the snake.", "The plot follows a crew of ten trying to hunt the Snark, an animal which may turn out to be a highly dangerous Boojum. The only one of the crew to find the Snark quickly vanishes, leading the narrator to explain that it was a Boojum after all. The poem is dedicated to young Gertrude Chataway, whom Carroll met at the English seaside town Sandown in the Isle of Wight in 1875. Included with many copies of the first edition of the poem was Carroll's religious tract, An Easter Greeting to Every Child Who Loves \"Alice\".", "The story tells of a little boy named Jack. Jack is a nice boy, and he likes to daydream a lot. He is at school when his teacher is talking about history. He looks out the window and meets Mr. Daydream, who invites Jack to come on an adventure with him. They get on the back of a huge bird, and the bird flies them from place to place. In the jungle, a crocodile tricks them into using his back as a bridge, and tries to toss them into his mouth, reminiscent of what the fox did to The Gingerbread Man. The bird rescues them and takes Jack and Mr. Daydream to other places, such as the North Pole, and finally to the Wild West, where Mr. Daydream puts on a hat too big for him, and cannot see. He calls Jack's name from under the hat, and Jack realizes that it wasn't Mr. Daydream calling Jack's name, but his teacher. When the teacher says Jack has been daydreaming, the reader realizes daydreaming is more fun than history!", "The story tells of a little boy named Jack. Jack is a nice boy, and he likes to daydream a lot! He is at school when his teacher is talking about history. He looks out the window and meets Mr. Daydream, who invites Jack to come on an adventure with him. They get on the back of a huge bird, and the bird flies them from place to place. In the jungle, a crocodile tricks them into using his back as a bridge, and tries to toss them into his mouth, reminiscent of what the fox did to The Gingerbread Man . The bird rescues them and takes Jack and Mr. Daydream to other places, such as the North Pole, and finally to the Wild West, where Mr. Daydream puts on a hat too big for him, and cannot see. He calls Jack's name from under the hat, and Jack realizes that it wasn't Mr. Daydream calling Jack's name, but his teacher. When the teacher says Jack has been daydreaming, the reader realizes daydreaming is more fun than history!", "The story tells of a little boy named Jack. Jack is a nice boy, and he likes to daydream a lot. He is at school when his teacher is talking about history. He looks out the window and meets Mr. Daydream, who invites Jack to come on an adventure with him. They get on the back of a huge bird, and the bird flies them from place to place. In the jungle, a crocodile tricks them into using his back as a bridge, and tries to toss them into his mouth, reminiscent of what the fox did to The Gingerbread Man . The bird rescues them and takes Jack and Mr. Daydream to other places, such as the North Pole, and finally to the Wild West, where Mr. Daydream puts on a hat too big for him, and cannot see. He calls Jack's name from under the hat, and Jack realizes that it wasn't Mr. Daydream calling Jack's name, but his teacher. When the teacher says Jack has been daydreaming, the reader realizes daydreaming is more fun than history!" ]	[ 7.0546875, 7.05078125, 6.90625, 4.25390625, 2.701171875, 1.5029296875, -1.8740234375, -3.33203125, -4.109375, -4.65234375, -4.9296875, -5.48828125, -5.66015625, -5.84765625, -6.07421875, -6.10546875, -6.31640625, -6.52734375, -6.5390625, -6.5703125, -6.92578125, -6.9375, -7.36328125, -7.66796875, -7.7734375, -8.0703125, -8.25, -8.8359375, -8.9140625, -9.2265625, -9.25, -9.3046875 ]
In what year was Mary Poppins written?	[ "Mary Poppins is the title character of a series of children’s books written by P.L. Travers. The first book, Mary Poppins, was published in 1934, and the last, Mary Poppins and the House Next Door, in 1988. The books focus on the magical English Nanny, Mary Poppins, who is blown by the wind into the lives of the Banks family. She arrives and gets right to work mending the family and bringing order to the chaotic home. Mary and the children have numerous adventures in which they encounter everything from singing chimney sweeps, to a loving bird woman, dancing statues, and a carpet bag that fits the strangest things.", "Mary Poppins is a series of eight children's books written by P. L. Travers and published over the period 1934 to 1988. Mary Shepard was the illustrator throughout the series. The books centre on magical English nanny Mary Poppins. She is blown by the East wind to Number 17 Cherry Tree Lane, London, and into the Banks's household to care for their children. Encounters with chimney sweeps and shopkeepers and various adventures follow until Mary Poppins abruptly leaves—i.e., \"pops-out\". Only the first three of the eight books feature Mary Poppins arriving and leaving. The later five books recount previously unrecorded adventures from her original three visits. As P. L. Travers explains in her introduction to Mary Poppins in the Park, \"She cannot forever arrive and depart.\" ", "The theme for the movie series this summer is Books to Movies. Mary Poppins is a series of eight children's books by P. L. Travers published between 1934 and 1988. (Saving Mr. Banks is another popular movie, based on the story of Walt Disney and P.L. Travers.) Mary Shepard was the illustrator throughout the series. The books center on magical English nanny Mary Poppins. She is blown by the east wind to Number 17 Cherry Tree Lane, London, and into the Banks's household to care for their children. Encounters with chimney sweeps and shopkeepers and various adventures follow until Mary Poppins abruptly leaves—i.e., \"pops-out.\" Only the first three of the eight books feature Mary Poppins arriving and leaving. The later five books recount previously unrecorded adventures from her original three visits. As Travers explains in her introduction to Mary Poppins in the Park, \"She cannot forever arrive and depart.\"", "Mary Poppins is a 1964 American musical fantasy comedy film directed by Robert Stevenson and produced by Walt Disney, with songs written and composed by the Sherman Brothers. The screenplay is by Bill Walsh and Don DaGradi, loosely based on P. L. Travers' book series Mary Poppins. The film, which combines live-action and animation, stars Julie Andrews in the role of Mary Poppins who visits a dysfunctional family in London and employs her unique brand of lifestyle to improve the family's dynamic. Dick Van Dyke, David Tomlinson, and Glynis Johns are featured in supporting roles. The film was shot entirely at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California.", "In 1934 Travers suffered from pleurisy, a lung illness, and took time off from writing to recuperate in an old cottage in England's Sussex region, where she lived with a roommate. AE had suggested that she write a story about a witch. One day she had to entertain two visiting children, and concocted a story for them about a nanny who carried her belongings in a carpetbag and had an umbrella with a parrot's head on the handle. This governess, Mary Poppins, came to Number 17 Cherry Tree Lane to care for the Banks children: Jane, Michael, and twins John and Barbara. Mary Poppins had magical powers, such as the ability to throw a tea party that would be held on the ceiling of a room. The story grew into the book Mary Poppins , illustrated by Mary Shepard (the daughter of the original illustrator of Winnie the Pooh ) and published in 1934.", "Upon emigrating to England in 1924, Goff began to write under the pen name P. L. Travers. In 1933, she began writing the novel Mary Poppins, first of the Poppins books. Travers traveled to New York City during World War II while working for the British Ministry of Information. At that time, Walt Disney contacted her about selling to Disney Studios the rights for a film adaptation of Mary Poppins, whose sequel Mary Poppins Comes Back was also in print. After years of contact, Walt Disney did obtain the rights and the Disney film Mary Poppins premièred in 1964. In 2004, a new British musical theatre adaptation of the books and the film opened in the West End; it premièred on Broadway in 2006.", "The Sherman brothers had a big hit in 1958 with the song “Tall Paul,” sung by Mouseketeer Annette Funicello, which brought them to Walt Disney’s attention. In 1960, Disney asked them to read Travers’ first book, “Mary Poppins,” published in 1934. He had just secured rights to the book after 20 years of trying to convince Travers to let him make a movie version.", "The musical film adaptation Mary Poppins was released by Walt Disney Pictures in 1964. Primarily based on the original 1934 novel of the same name, it also lifted elements from the 1935 sequel Mary Poppins Comes Back. Travers was an adviser in the production, but she disapproved of the Poppins character in its Disney version, with harsher aspects diluted; she felt ambivalent about the music; and she so hated the use of animation that she ruled out any further adaptations of the series. She received no invitation to the film's star-studded première until she \"embarrassed a Disney executive into extending one\". At the after-party, she said loudly \"The first thing that has to go is the animation sequence'.\" Disney replied, \"Pamela, the ship has sailed\", and walked away. ", "The first was published in 1934, a decade after Travers moved to England where she spent most of her life. The last, Mary Poppins and the House Next Door, was published in 1988 when Travers was 88. In the 1960s Travers sold the film rights to Walt Disney for £100,000 and was paid 5 per cent of the gross profits of the film that Disney made in 1964. The movie merchandising included Walt Disney's Mary Poppins books. They out sold the real Poppins books 5:1.", "The film took several years to finish, partly due to disagreements between Travers and Disney scriptwriters, and the straightforward if charming musical that eventually resulted had a very different flavor from that of Travers's stories. However, Mary Poppins (1964) left Travers a wealthy woman for the rest of her life. With the young British actress Julie Andrews cast in the lead role, the film grossed more than $75 million, included several songs (by Robert and Richard Sherman) that became popular standards, and introduced the term \"supercalifragilisticexpialidocious\" to English vocabulary. Its plot included elements from several Mary Poppins books but was mostly based on the first one. The film was adapted into a stage musical that had its premiere in London in 2004. The 1934 Mary Poppins had already been turned into a stage play around 1940, but Travers refused to give permission for a musical extravaganza by Cats creator Andrew Lloyd Webber.", "Travers used her journey as the source for several travel stories which appeared in Australian newspapers under the name P. L. Travers. Her first published book, Moscow Excursion, was released in 1934, but it was her next book that proved to be her first literary success. Also published in 1934, Mary Poppins was based on a series of stories Travers had told to two children she met while convalescing from an illness at a friend’s country home. Seven more books featuring the magical nanny followed over more than fifty years, with the last published in 1988. The Mary Poppins series made Travers immensely wealthy, and, in 1977, she was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire for cultural and artistic contributions.", "Original brad-bound script for the 1964 Disney film Mary Poppins, starring Julie Andrews, Dick Van Dyke, and David Tomlinson. Front cover of the script is labeled “Shooting Script,” and “Mary Poppins, Prod. 2162, Based on the Stories by P. L. Travers, Walt Disney Productions,” and dated February 11, 1963. Script measures 8.5 x 11, with 144 pages inside on different color paper, with some pages missing. In fine condition, with some light toning and ink notations to front cover, as well as expected handling wear. Provenance: The John Strangi Collection. RR Auction COA.…(MB $200)", "Mary Poppins is the title character and protagonist of Disney 's 1964 musical, hybrid (live-action/animated) film Mary Poppins . She is a nanny who uses her magical powers to help the Banks family.", "Robert B. Sherman, 86, half of a sibling partnership that put songs into the mouths of nannies, Cockney chimney sweeps and jungle animals. Sherman and his brother, Richard, composed scores for films including The Jungle Book, Mary Poppins and Chitty Chitty Bang Bang. They also wrote It's a Small World (After All). They won two Academy Awards for Walt Disney's 1964 smash Mary Poppins — best score and best song, Chim Chim Cher-ee. Cause not given, March 5.", "Travers, P. L., Maurice Moore-Betty, and Mary Shepard. Mary Poppins in the Kitchen: A Cookery Book with a Story. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1975.", "It took many years of contact with P.L. Travers for Walt Disney to obtain the rights to the novel the famous movie and this show is based on, and the Disney film MARY POPPINS premièred in 1964 starring Julie Andrews and Dick Van Dyke.", "Mary Poppins (1964) blended live-action and animation. It received 13 Academy Award nominations and won five Oscar statues, including Best Actress for Julie Andrews. She was the first Disney star to win an Oscar, and the film has remained for many years the single most successful film that the Disney Studios has had at the Academy Awards.", "book written by P. L. Travers in 1934; 1964 United State musical movie adapted from Travers' book and starring Julie Andrews; fictional protagonist character (who is a magical nanny) in Travers' Mary Poppins books and in the movie adaptation", "Mary Poppins premiered August 27, 1964 at Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Los Angeles. Travers was not extended an invitation to the film's premiere, but managed to obtain one from a Disney executive. It was at the after-party that Richard Sherman recalled her walking up to Disney and loudly announcing that the animated sequence had to go. Disney responded, \"Pamela, the ship has sailed,\" and walked away. The film grossed between $31 and 33 million during its initial run. The film was re-released theatrically in 1973 and earned an estimated $9 million in North American rentals. It was released once more in 1980 and earned another $14 million, and achieved a total lifetime gross of over $102 million. The film was very profitable for Disney. Made on an estimated budget of $4.4 to 6 million, it was reported by Cobbett Steinberg to be the most profitable film of 1965, earning a net profit of $28.5 million. Walt Disney used his huge profits from the film to purchase land in central Florida and finance the construction of Walt Disney World.", "Mary Poppins premiered August 27, 1964 at Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Los Angeles. Travers was not extended an invitation to the film's premiere, but managed to obtain one from a Disney executive. It was at the after-party that Richard Sherman recalled her walking up to Disney and loudly announcing that the animated sequence had to go. Disney responded, \"Pamela, the ship has sailed,\" and walked away. The film grossed between $31 and 33 million during its initial run. The film was re-released theatrically in 1973 and earned an estimated $9 million in North American rentals. It was released once more in 1980 and earned another $14 million, and achieved a total lifetime gross of over $102 million. The film was very profitable for Disney. Made on an estimated budget of $4.4 to 6 million, it was reported by Cobbett Steinberg to be the most profitable film of 1965, earning a net profit of $28.5 million. Walt Disney used his huge profits from the film to purchase land in central Florida and finance the construction of Walt Disney World.", "American film executive Walt Disney realized within a few years of the release of the original Mary Poppins that the series could be made successfully into a film, and first made an offer to Travers in 1945. She was skeptical about the idea and resisted it for many years, demanding, among other things, that any film be live action, not animated. She finally agreed to sell the rights to Mary Poppins in 1959, with the stipulation that she would serve as consultant on the script of the film. Even so, she was dissatisfied with the final product, which she felt was too saccharine.", "The Sherman’s won two Academy Awards in 1965 for their work in the iconic Mary Poppins with memorable tunes like “Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious,” “Chim Chim Cher-ee,” “Let’s Go Fly a Kite,” and Walt Disney’s favorite: “Feed the Birds.”", "Stars: Emma Thompson, Tom Hanks, Paul Giamatti Author P. L. Travers (who wrote Mary Poppins) reflects on her difficult childhood while meeting with filmmaker Walt Disney during production for the adaptation of her eponymous novel.", "*1965 Won \"Golden Laurel\" in the category of \"Best Song\" \"Chim Chim Cher-ee\" for Mary Poppins", "The Mary Poppins film was critically acclaimed and loved by many. It is the most Oscar-nominated and Oscar winning film in Disney history, receiving 13 nominations and winning 5 Academy Awards. It was also awarded 2 Grammies for Best Album for Children and Best Original Score written for a Motion Picture or Television Show, as well as the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Written American Musical to Don DaGradi and Bill Walsh. The Sherman brothers won the Academy Award for Best Original Song with \"Chim Chim Cher-ee\" and Best Original Score, while Julie Andrews won the Oscar for Best Actress for her portrayal of the title character, along with the Golden Globe for Best Motion Picture Actress and the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress.", "... \"Mary Poppins,\" for which she won the Oscar for Best... Photo-6005810.81728 - San Antonio Express-News", "Starred as \"Mary Poppins\" author P.L. Travers opposite Tom Hanks as Walt Disney in \"Saving Mr. Banks\"", "Robert B. Sherman, one half of the prolific, award-winning pair of brothers who penned instantly memorable songs for \" Mary Poppins ,\" \"The Jungle Book\" and \"Chitty Chitty Bang Bang\" -- as well as the most-played tune on Earth, \"It's a Small World (After All)\" -- has died. He was 86.", "Even with Travers pressuring him, Disney still made Mary Poppins into a Disney movie. Julie Andrews plays Mary as sweeter and smilier than Travers’ version. Dick Van Dyke’s Bert—a composite of several characters from the books—is an Americanized version of a Cockney jack-of-all-trades, serving as a friendly, unifying companion to an episodic story. Richard and Robert Sherman’s songs are fanciful and spry, with an underlying optimistic spirit evident even when they’re meant to be melancholy. And right smack in the middle of the film, when Mary and Bert take Jane and Michael Banks on an outing, the two children—not four, as in the book—interact with cute animated animals. (Travers especially hated that last part.) So purists do have good reason to be appalled by the big-screen Mary Poppins. Throughout Travers’ books, what comes across most strongly is the Banks children’s fascination with adults—so capricious, so exotic. Disney’s Mary Poppins, by contrast, sanctifies childhood. Mary teaches her charges to be well-behaved and responsible, but not at the expense of having fun, and she eventually enlists the Banks parents in her crusade to put the children first. Most of the characters and scenes in the movie originated with Travers, but their meaning has been altered, sometimes subtly, sometimes egregiously.", "Travers, like Pamela in Saving Mr. Banks, insisted that the movie adaptation of Mary Poppins not include the color red . (The movie suggests that this demand had to do with seeing her father cough up blood when she was a child; it was more likely an arbitrary demand meant to irritate the creative team.) Travers also fought against Americanisms in the script, including the song “Let’s Go Fly a Kite.” (As seen in the movie, she preferred “Let’s go and fly a kite.”) Citing recordings of their meetings, Lawson describes the Disney writers as “deferential” and Travers as “anxious and dictatorial,” and the movie hews closely to those descriptions.", "On the surface, the two protagonists couldn’t have been more different. Disney, known to children the world over as Uncle Walt, had built an empire on playful, animated movies, while Travers, whose Mary Poppins tales possessed far darker undertones in the books, abhorred sentimentality — a quality Travers felt Disney’s work possessed in abundance.", "LibraryThing Review I always forget just how creepy Mary Poppins is compared to the movie. I love the movie too, but it's not surprising that P.L. Travers was pissed off at Walt Disney for changing the character completely." ]	[ 6.62890625, 6.19921875, 5.9921875, 5.12890625, 5.0625, 4.29296875, 3.65234375, 3.49609375, 3.169921875, 3.078125, 2.888671875, 2.521484375, 2.380859375, 1.275390625, 1.1044921875, 1.0751953125, 1.0205078125, 0.94482421875, 0.939453125, 0.939453125, 0.52490234375, -0.708984375, -1.8369140625, -2.517578125, -3.5390625, -5.58203125, -5.64453125, -6.0625, -6.10546875, -7.04296875, -7.453125, -7.47265625 ]
Which fruit has the scientific name of malus pumulia?	[ "Common Names: Names for this tree species include the apple, common apple, and paradise apple. The accepted scientific name is Malus pumila, but is also referred to as Malus domestica, Malus sylvestris, Malus communis, and Pyrus malus (ITIS website). This extensive crossing of genetic lines has made it very difficult to differentiate the apple into taxonomically distinct species. Thus, there is much debate in the botanical world over species separation and inclusion. Apple trees, one of the first fruit trees in human history to be domesticated, have been specifically cultivated to produce edible fruits. Fruits with the best taste, color, size, or storage capacity have been favored and selected for over time. Different lines of Malus pumila have been purposely crossed to produce new, more desirable varieties of apple. Apple trees in the park may have very different genetic histories and thus produce fruits with distinctive color, size, or taste.", "Apple (Malus pumila) is regarded as an environmental weed in Victoria, the ACT and some parts of New South Wales. This fruit tree is widely cultivated in orchards and gardens in the wetter temperate regions of Australia. It has escaped cultivation and invaded roadsides, riparian areas and bushland in these same regions.", "Comments: This is the domesticated Apple tree that occasionally escapes from cultivation. In the published literature and on the internet, a confusing variety of scientific names refer to this tree: Malus communis, Malus domestica, Malus pumila, Malus sylvestris, and Pyrus malus. Of these, Malus pumila is the preferred scientific name for both cultivated and naturalized Apple trees. Because naturalized trees may hybridize with other Malus spp. (Crab Apples), identification of wild trees can be difficult, particularly around urban and suburban areas. In general, Apple has larger fruits (1ï¿½\" across or more) than Crab Apples. It also has leaves that are short-pubescent on their undersides and they lack lateral lobes. The native Crab Apples have smaller greenish yellow fruits and their leaves are often shallowly lobed. Another cultivated species that sometimes escapes, Malus baccata (Siberian Crab Apple), also has smaller fruits and its leaf undersides are hairless.", "The apple fruit is a globose pome, varying in size from 1 - 4 cm (0,25⁄64\" - 1,37⁄64\") diameter on most of the wild species, and up to 8 cm (3,5⁄32\") on the cultivated Orchard apple (Malus domestica). The center of the fruit contains five carpels arranged like a star, each containing one or two seeds. Apple trees are all self-sterile, meaning self-pollination is impossible. This requires Apple trees to cross-pollinate between individuals with the help of insects such as bees. All Apple (Malus) species, hybridize naturally.", "What is the botanical name of Apple? This scientific name is derived from the Latin or Greek languages and consists of two parts: First part defines the genus whereas the second part defines the species within the genus. The scientific name of Apple is Malus Domestica. This nomenclature is based on Scientific Classification of Apple . This fruit is usually known by its common name but the scientists prefer the botanical name to avoid ambiguity. The unique scientific name helps bridge the communication gap between researchers of different nationalities as all fruits are known by different names in different regions.", "\"There are several species of wild fruit trees of the genus Malus...that produce small, brightly colored crab apples. The crab apple is the ancestor of cultivated apples and has been used as a food since prehistory.\"", "This page is an index to the different types and species of Apple tree of the Malus genus. The most used and well known apple tree is the Orchard Apple tree (Malus domestica). There are about 30 to 55 species of apple trees (depending on which type of botanical taxonomic classification method used), of which most are small flowering deciduous trees and some grow as shrubs. Species of the Malus genus are commonly known as crabapples, crab apples, crabs, or wild apples.", "Crab apple: Malus 'Royalty’ with dark bronze leaves, dark pink blossom and small deep purple fruits. Self-fertile, with long lasting fruits that can be turned to jelly ( orangepippintrees.co.uk ).", "Malus communis Poiret, M. dasyphylla Borkhausen, M. dasyphylla var. domestica Koidzumi, M. domestica Borkhausen, M. domestica subsp. pumila (Miller) Likhonos, M. pumila var. domestica C. K. Schneider, M. niedzwetzkyana Dieck ex Koehne, M. sylvestris Miller subsp. mitis Mansfeld, Pyrus malus Linnaeus, P. malus var. pumila Henry.", "Malus Sun Rival is a crab apple with white flowers, red fruits, notable for its weeping growth habit. compare", "Malus James Grieve is an old and traditional variety of apple that was produced in Scotland by its namesake, James Grieve, around the turn of the 20th Century. It is thought to be a cross of the much loved Malus Cox’s Orange Pippin or Pott’s Seedling.", "a variety of eating apple from New Zealand having sweet flesh and green and red skin", "The genus (the cocoa species and its siblings) Theobroma consists of 22 species, including the Brazilian species Theobroma cupuacu, which provides a bitter-sweet pulp widely used in juice drinks in the Amazon. The Malvaceae family, of which cocoa is a member, contains many economically useful plants. These include cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), ornamental Hibiscus species, okra (ladies fingers, Hibiscus esculentus), Ceiba and Bombax species (from which kapok fibre is derived), durian fruit (Durio zibethinus) and balsawood (Ochroma pyramidale).", "Also called \"Custard Apple,\" this tropical fruit tastes like a cross between pineapple, mango, and strawberry. The flesh is cream-colored and has the texture of firm custard.", "The fruit is oval, often slightly oblique, 10–20 cm long and 7–10 cm diameter, with a smooth or slightly tuberculated skin. The fruit flesh is white, and has numerous seeds embedded in it. Mark Twain called the cherimoya \"the most delicious fruit known to men.\"", "Andy, a keen organic gardener, noticed that the fruit and the tree were free of disease, a very unusual occurrence in north Wales. He later brought several of the fruit to me for identification. I didn't recognise the apples and subsequently sent them to the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale in Kent where Dr Joan Morgan the country's leading fruit historian declared that the fruit and the tree were unique. \"The rarest tree in the world\" clamoured the media.", "The fruit, which ripens in November, is somewhat heart-shaped, four to six inches long, compound like a mulberry. The smooth custard-like flesh forms a luscious mass between the fibrous core and the surface, studded with the hard seeds. Fragrant and sweet, these wild pond apples have small merit as fruit. Little effort has been made to improve the species horticulturally. Its rival species in the West Indies have a tremendous lead which they are likely to keep.", "Cherimoya – or custard apple. A delicious south american fruit with a white flesh which does indeed taste of apples and custard. The seeds and skin are toxic, but the flesh is utterly delicious.", "The original British apple tree is a Crab Apple - a deciduous tree that ﬂowers in April and May with a distinctive ﬁve petal white or pink ﬂower that gives off a wonderful scent similar to honeysuckle. The tree seldom grows larger than twenty-ﬁve feet high. Apple blossoms are a favourite of bees, who thrive on the nectar. These bees and other insects help pollinate the apple trees (Paterson, page 115). Unlike modern cultivars, the Crab Apple is a thorn bearing tree (Pennick, page 52).", "Custard apple, also known as Seetaphal in India, is a subtropical fruit belonging to the Annonacea family. The fruit grows on a small deciduous tree and is known by different names worldwide. The fruit is around 8 centimeters in diameter and has a sweet and delicious taste. The shape of the fruit may be lopsided, irregular, spherical, heart shaped, or round. It has a creamy and granular textured flesh, surrounded by seeds. The skin of the fruit is thin and tough, mostly black and green in colour. The fruit is native to West Indies, Central America, Peru and Mexico. Check out the article to know about the types of custard apples, their benefits, and the nutritional value in detail.", "The oak's fruit is commonly known as the acorn. Acorns are rich food source for many wild creatures (Photo: P Sterry/WTML)", "I tasted this apple at an orchard near York last weekend and bought a couple of kilos. The texture is appealing and unusual - you could call it 'dry' but the apple is not short of juice. The flavours are enhanced by acids which seem to get better as you eat more of the fruit. Not unlike a good Mosel wine! I'm looking forward to eating more.", "Also known as the Java Apple, the fruit is native to an area that includes the Malay Peninsulam and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, but introduced in prehistoric times to a wider area and now widely cultivated in the tropics. A pear- shaped fruit with thin pink skin, a rose scented aroma and a pleasant taste. Comes from Malaysia. Just cut the fruit in half and eat like an apple, skin and all ! Pick fruit when full coloured, as they do not ripen off the tree. Birds and fruit fly also enjoy this fruit. Good eating fruit, can be kept under refrigeration in airtight containers with little loss. Too soft to transport easily. The high acidity lends itself to jams and jellies but there is a lot of work in removing the skin and seeds. Very refreshing to eat fresh, but one is usually enough. The flesh attached to the seed is much more acceptable than the flesh attached to the skin. Eat the seed flesh first to prepare your palate!", "Plant that grows in the upper mountain areas of Catalonia, normally between 500 and 1,600 m. Although it can develop into a small tree of up to 7 m, it is usually found in bush form, less than 2 m in height. Its more characteristic features are its needle-like leaves, with a white band on the upper face, encircling the stem in groups of three. The fruit matures in the autumn after a two-year period on the plant. This fruit is pea-sized, round, purplish-blue in colour and surrounded by an aromatic pulp.", "Fruit is large, oblong to conical, with yellow skin flushed and streaked with carmine and reddish-orange. The greenish-white flesh is soft, tender and very sweet.", "Description: A small, deciduous tree about 3 to 6 m tall with open crown of irregular branches. Bark is light brown in colour with visible leaf scars, smooth or slightly fissured into plates. Leaves are single; alternate in arrangement; oblong, oblong-lanceolate or narrowly elliptic in shape; thin; dull green on the upper side, pale blue-green and covered with bloom underneath. Young leaves are slightly hairy and are aromatic when crushed. Flowers emerge on slender branches singly or in groups of two to four and are oblong in shape. Sepals are hairy and pointed. There are three outer petals, which are fleshy, yellow-green on the outside and pale-yellow inside with a purple or dark-red at the base and there are three inner petals, which look like minute scales or are absent. Fruit is compound; round, ovoid or heart shaped; soft but with thick rind composed of knob-like segments; pale-green, grey-green or yellowish-green in colour and always with a bloom. Ripe fruit consists of conically segmented, creamy-white, glistening, and fragrant, juicy, sweet, delicious flesh. Each segment has an oblong, shiny and smooth, black or dark-brown seed.", "The fruit is known as beechnut or mast. Each one consists of triangular nuts surrounded by a spiky cover. It is favored by many kinds of wildlife and is also edible for humans, though you may find that they taste quite tart due to the tannin levels.", "˜Hybrid 36′ is a hybrid selected from a cross between ‘Gandul’ (Spanish) and the ˜SmoothCayenne’ by the PeninsulaEstate,Malaysia. It is a very robust cultivar and produces medium sized fruits (1.5 – 2 kg) with large crowns. It has high sugar content (14° Brix) and acid (0.6-0.8%) but its flesh color is rather pale. The fruit is quite tolerant to black heart disorder but susceptible to marbling diseases.", "Large to medium-size fruit with rich aromatic flesh. Skin is brilliantly green with a blush of pink. Sustained tree growth to a medium size. Very productive. A cross between Conference and Comice.", "Vigorous tree, coming early into production. The fruit is bright green, it can vary to greenish yellow, in favourable zones the colour turns to blushed in one face. It is conical to round in shape very regular & very homogenous. The flesh is firm white & green, very crispy & juicy. The flavour is nice very tendant to acid & aromatic.", "In many rural communities of the developing world, livelihoods depend on exploration of natural resources for income, food and other products. In time of hardship, wild products often constitute security options, for example when shortfalls in agricultural crop production are compensated through gathering and processing of wild edible fruits or other products from woodlands and forests (Becker 1986 ; Mithöfer and Waibel 2003 ; Akinnifesi and Leakey 2008 ; Vinceti et al. 2013 ). Worldwide, only about 50 fruit tree species have been highly domesticated so far (Leakey and Tomich 1999 ) and are produced on a commercial scale. Compared to tropical America and Asia, Africa has the highest number of wild edible fruit species (about 1200 species; Paull and Duarte 2011 ). The diversity of Africa’s wild edible fruits indicates high horticultural potential and valuable genetic resources that—after their domestication—could become the basis for integrating new commercial high-value species and cultivars into existing farming systems. Their use and conservation belong to the most important tasks for mankind within the international CWR (Crop Wild Relatives) initiative (Ford-Lloyd et al. 2011 ).", "An old Victorian variety that is often likened to Cox. In reality this is a superior variety with a larger fruit and a truly 'appley' flavour." ]	[ 4.140625, 3.078125, 2.69921875, 0.04510498046875, -0.5634765625, -1.2001953125, -1.3359375, -2.12109375, -2.337890625, -2.89453125, -3.11328125, -5.4375, -5.8984375, -5.984375, -6.07421875, -6.2578125, -6.2734375, -6.359375, -6.43359375, -6.46484375, -6.50390625, -6.5078125, -6.76171875, -7, -7.04296875, -7.05859375, -7.203125, -8.8125, -8.8359375, -9.015625, -9.5078125, -9.9375 ]
Which drink is sometimes referred to as Adam's ale?	[ "Adam's ale (also referred to as Adam's wine, especially in Scotland; sometimes simply called Adam) is a colloquial epithet meaning water. It alludes to the idea that the biblical Adam had only water to drink. This inference gained popularity around the beginning of the 19th-century temperance movement.", "...The Adam's apple , the thyroid cartilage which appears as a lump at the front of the throat takes its name from the supposition that a piece of the forbidden fruit stuck in Adam's throat. Adam's ale is a fanciful name for water; presumably, the only strong drink available in the Garden of Eden. The phrase is thought to have been introduced by the Puritans.", "\"Adam's ale\" means unadulterated water, based on the presumption that the biblical first man Adam had only water to drink in the Garden of Eden. Common variations are \"Adam's wine\" in Scotland, and sometimes simply \"Adam\". The phrase is an allusion, colloquialism, epithet, and idiom. In common use until the mid- to late 20th century, usage of the phrase has declined. The earliest known printed occurrence of \"Adam's ale\" is attributed to William Prynne's The Soveraigne Power of Parliaments and Kingdomes which was first printed in 1643. ", "Samuel Adam’s Double Bock is excellent, at least in my opinion but due to the restrictive beer laws and distributors in Washington State, it’s now ‘unavailable’ and so the vast majority of the beers on the shelf are a glut of IPA’s, which in my opinion is an acronym for International Piss Ale’s, a dime a dozen. The time is long overdue for clearing half the shelves of IPA’s and fill them with something with flavor as well as kick; it’s not the quantity you drink but the flavor and quality and with a SA Double Bock at a cool 9.5% ABV it makes for one fine brew.", "Ale (beer made with a top fermenting yeast) was the drink of choice in Shakespeare's day. Everyone from the poorest farmer to the Queen herself drank the brew made from malt, and a mini brewery was an essential part of every household. Shakespeare's own father was an official ale taster in Stratford � an important and respected job which involved monitoring the ingredients used by professional brewers and ensuring they sold their ale at Crown regulated prices. Beer, however, eventually became more popular than ale. \"In 1574, there were still 58 ale brewers to 33 beer brewers in the City [London], but beer gradually replaced ale as the national drink over the course of the century\" (Picard, 187).", "Mead (; archaic and dialectal \"medd\"; from Old English \"medu\", ) is an alcoholic beverage created by fermenting honey with water, sometimes with various fruits, spices, grains, or hops. Hops are better known as the bitter ingredient of beer. However, they have also been used in mead both ancient and in modern times. The Legend of Frithiof mentions hops: That this formula is still in use is shown by the recipe for \"Real Monastery Mead\" in The alcoholic content ranges from about 8% ABV to more than 20%. The defining characteristic of mead is that the majority of the beverage's fermentable sugar is derived from honey. It may be still, carbonated, or naturally sparkling; dry, semi-sweet, or sweet. ", "Special Brew is a strong lager brewed in only Denmark and the United Kingdom. It was initially brewed by Carlsberg to commemorate a visit to Denmark by Winston Churchill in 1950. The flavour incorporates \"cognac flavours among its tasting notes\" as Churchill was partial to brandy. In May 1951 two crates were delivered to Churchill's London home. In a thank-you letter Churchill called the drink \"Commemoration Lager\". In Denmark the drink was called (\"Easter Brew\"), but the Easter Brew has since been replaced by a weaker beer (). For the British market Carlsberg called the drink Special Brew and production was started in Northampton in the 1950s.", "According to the Oxford English Dictionary, nog was \"a kind of strong beer brewed in East Anglia\". Alternatively, nog may stem from noggin, a Middle English term for a small, carved wooden mug used to serve alcohol. However, the British drink was also called an Egg Flip, from the practice of \"flipping\" (rapidly pouring) the mixture between two pitchers to mix it. One dictionary lists the word as being an Americanism invented in 1765-75. Babson College professor Frederick Douglass Opie \"...wrote that the term is a combination of two colonial slang words — rum was referred to as grog and bartenders served it in small wooden mugs called noggins. The drink first became known as egg-n-grog and later as eggnog.\" Ben Zimmer, executive editor for vocabulary.com disputes the \"egg-n-grog\" theory as lacking proof; Zimmer states that the term \"nog\" may be related to the \"...Scottish term nugg or nugged ale, meaning \"ale warmed with a hot poker.\" ", "In contrast, Margaret Bird, overall winner of the ‘long article’, looks at one of the universalities of human existence, across the globe and century after century – drinking beer. Her meticulous analysis of the remarkable diaries of Mary Hardy and her nephew Henry Raven reveals a wealth of detail about the family brewing business, its organisation and its ramifications in terms of employees, tied houses, transport, and much more. Distilled from a tremendous 25-year project to publish and then comprehensively analyse the diaries, this article is a major contribution to local business history and must surely inspire other local historians to research brewing, beerhouses and their world.", "This drink and its name originated in England and dates back to at least the late 19th century. The name comes from the London slang for a pint of beer, 'shant of gatter' (shanty being a public house, gatter meaning water). The ginger ale serves as a flavorsome way to water down the strength of the beer, thus the literal translation, 'pub water'. In the first chapter of The History of Mr. Polly, H. G. Wells describes a shandygaff as being, \"two pints of beer and two bottles of ginger beer foaming in a huge round-bellied jug.\" In London the beer is now usually diluted with lemonade and this drink is now simply known as a shandy. When ordering in a pub you are expected to call for 'lager shandy' or 'bitter shandy', the latter specifying the drink should be based on traditional real ale. Today the term 'Shandygaff' is forgotten in London but popular in the Caribbean where this drink is made with beer and ginger ale or ginger beer.", "\"Barm,\" on the other hand, is the frothy, foamy head found on a glass of beer or ale, and derives from the Old English word \"beorma.\" \"Barmy\" first appeared in the 16th century in a literal sense meaning \"foaming,\" and by 1602 was being used to describe someone acting in an excited or irrational way whose head seemed to be filled with froth.", "The person responsible for calling from time to time to ensure that ale and beer were being sold by the correct measures and at a price and quality laid down. This was extremely important as nobody drank water as this was generally unfit for consumption. Ale was made from a mash, which was used three times to give three different strengths. The first and strongest mash was for men, the second for women and the weakest for children.", "In the United Kingdom, the term lager commonly refers specifically to pale lagers, many of which are derived from the Pilsner style. Worldwide, pale lager is the most widely consumed and commercially available style of beer. It is often known primarily by its brand name, and labeled simply as \"beer\". Well-known brands include Budweiser, Stella Artois, Beck's, Brahma, Corona, Snow, Tsingtao, Kirin Company, Heineken, Carling, Foster's, and Carlsberg.", "Pilsner (also pilsener, pilsen or simply pils) is a type of pale lager. It takes its name from the city of Plzen, Bohemia, Czech Republic, where it was first produced in 1842. The world’s first-ever blond lager was the Pilsner Urquell, making it the inspiration for more than two-thirds of the beer produced in the world today (which are still called pils, pilsner and pilsener). The original Pilsner Urquell beer is still produced there today.", "Pilsner (also pilsener, pilsen or simply pils) is a type of pale lager . It takes its name from the city of Plzeň, Bohemia, Czech Republic, where it was first produced in 1842. The world’s first-ever blond lager was the Pilsner Urquell, making it the inspiration for more than two-thirds of the beer produced in the world today (which are still called pils, pilsner and pilsener). The original Pilsner Urquell beer is still produced there today.", "Stout, a kind of porter beer, particularly Guinness, is typically associated with Ireland, although historically it was more closely associated with London. Porter remains very popular, although it has lost sales since the mid-20th century to lager. Cider, particularly Magners (marketed in the Republic of Ireland as Bulmers), is also a popular drink. Red lemonade, a soft-drink, is consumed on its own and as a mixer, particularly with whiskey.", "Travellers fond of the nightlife may want to order a szarlotka (shar-LOT-ka), a cocktail made of apple juice and bisongrass vodka which tastes remarkably like apple pie. Another common concotion is piwo z sokiem (pee-VO z SOK-yem, beer with juice), which consists of draft beer with a shot of raspberry syrup – beware that the drink is not held to be overly manly, although Polish males of the hip-big-city variety are now often above such petty considerations.", "Equal measures lager and alcoholic lemonade. The brand is not important although it is often made with Stella Artois and Smirnoff Ice. Dangerously effective.", "Pilsner (also pilsener, pilsen or simply pils) is a type of pale lager . It takes its name from the city of Plzeň , Bohemia , Czech Republic , where it was first produced in 1842. The original Pilsner Urquell beer is still produced there today.", "; shandy * : a drink consisting of lager or beer mixed with a soft drink, originally ginger beer but now more usually lemonade, in near equal parts.", "Said to have been created at London’s Brooks Club in 1861 during mourning over Prince Albert’s death. Also called the Bismarck, as the drink was a favorite of German statesman Otto von Bismarck. Dylan used Mackeson’s Stout for this drink. Dark and rich.", "The milkshake of beers, this \"meal in a bottle\" has that roasted malt flavor and hint of chocolate we've come to expect from most full-bodied beers. A rich and creamy Irish favorite for centuries, this hearty brew is best straight out of the bottle or, if it's canned, from a tulip-shaped pint glass. Ask your bartender for a \"perfect pint,\" an optimal pouring method which, according to the company, should take 119.53 seconds. Can't wait that long? Just think of how happy you'll be when that fluffy white cloud forms at the top of your glass, distinctive of \"draught\" or nitrogen-infused brews. Warning: May put hair on your chest.", "A southern cocktail that Americans have come to associate with the Kentucky Derby horse race. It’s made from bourbon, sugary syrup, and mashed fresh mint. Supposedly, the drink was patterned after an Arabian concoction called the \"julab,\" made of water and rose petals.", "The name is, as you say, thought to be from ï¿½golden drinkï¿½ or ï¿½yellow drinkï¿½. Although some people have also mentioned that it could even stem from the Gaelic for ï¿½a drink that satisfiesï¿½; I have a feeling that what you have said is more likely...", "The mangelwurzel has a history in England of being used for sport, for celebration, for animal fodder and for the brewing of a potent alcoholic beverage.", "Smooth English style ale with a wet soapy hop taste and a pleasant bitterness. Laid back session fare. A hint of dry dark chocolate on the finish.", "I once heard a name for this called \"drakas\"(spelling). As told it was a Norse drink made by placing a bowl of honey mead outside overnight. In the morning, chip off the ice and repeat a few times untill a thick drink was the result.", "An apple flavored beverage made from the juice of the apple fruit. Available in grocery stores.", "Evenly balanced wheat ale that has a gentle waft of raspberry in the finish. Unremarkable but in no way unpleasant.", " Asum was an ale produced by the now defunct Evesham Brewery. \"Eve-shum\" is the more common phonetic pronunciation, but \"Eve-uh-shum\" is not uncommon.", "Traditional ale brewed with thistles instead of hops for primary bittering. The taste is herbal and malty with a tingle in the finish from the ginger added late on. Interesting without being overpowering or too strange.", "Pleasantly drinkable ale \"pulled from an oak cask\". Stands up well to repeated drinking over an evening." ]	[ 5.34375, 2.111328125, 1.86328125, -2.953125, -3.19921875, -3.6328125, -4.328125, -4.3984375, -4.4140625, -4.5625, -4.8125, -4.9921875, -5.08203125, -5.11328125, -5.14453125, -5.17578125, -5.58203125, -5.87109375, -5.9921875, -6.0078125, -6.2109375, -6.5703125, -6.92578125, -7.109375, -7.13671875, -7.7578125, -7.828125, -8.25, -8.28125, -8.3046875, -8.4453125, -8.5390625 ]
What is the most widely eaten meat in the world?	[ "Pork is the most widely eaten meat in the world accounting for over 36% of the world meat intake. It is followed by poultry and beef with about 33% and 24% respectively.", "Pork is the most widely consumed meat in the world, followed by poultry, beef, and mutton.", "Pork is the most widely eaten meat in the world, accounting for about 38% of meat production worldwide. Consumption varies widely from place to place. The meat is taboo to eat in the Middle East and most of the Muslim world because of Jewish kosher and Islamic Halal dietary restrictions. But pork is widely consumed in East and Southeast Asia, Europe, Sub-Saharan Africa, the Americas and Oceania. As the result, large numbers of pork recipes are developed throughout the world. Feijoada for example, the national dish of Brazil (also served in Portugal), is traditionally prepared with pork trimmings: ears, tail and feet. ", "The most widely-consumed meats in the world (in order) are pork, poultry, and beef. While it's possible that more people in the world eat goat meat (and sheep meat) than pork, poultry, or beef, most consumers of goat meat live in the developing world, where the per capita meat consumption is very low. It may be their preferred meat, but they don't eat a lot of it.", "There is a widely-publicized myth that goat meat (chevon) is the most widely-consumed meat in the world. It is not. In fact, it is mathematically impossible, given the number of goats in the world and the yield of an individual goat. Even if you increased world goat population figures by 10-fold, it is still impossible.", "For thousands of years, poultry supplied meat and eggs, cattle, sheep and goats provided meat and milk, and pigs provided a source of meat. These species are the main sources of animal protein for humans. The meat derived from cattle is known as beef, meat derived from pigs as pork and from chickens as poultry. Pork is the most widely eaten meat in the world accounting for over 36% of the world meat intake. It is followed by poultry and beef with about 35% and 22% respectively.", "Beef is the third most widely consumed meat in the world, accounting for about 25% of meat production worldwide, after pork and poultry at 38% and 30% respectively. In absolute numbers, the United States, Brazil, and the People's Republic of China are the world's three largest consumers of beef; however, Uruguay has the highest beef and veal consumption per capita, followed by Argentina and Brazil. According to the data from OECD, the average Uruguayan ate over 42 kg of beef or veal in 2014, representing the highest beef/veal consumption per capita in the world. In comparison, the average American consumed only about 24 kg beef or veal in the same year, while African countries, such as Mozambique, Ghana, and Nigeria, consumed the least beef or veal per capita.", "Meat eaters will typically try all kinds of meat dishes to ascertain their tastes. Only then would they finally arrive at a final decision about their favourite kind of meat. When it comes to meat, chicken, turkey, lamb, goat, beef and pork are the most common kinds of meat that people consume. However, of late, another variety of meat has become increasingly popular. This is venison – more commonly known as deer meat.", "This term covers the meat from antelope, caribou, elk, deer, moose, and reindeer. Venison is probably the most popular large game meat eaten today.", "Beef is a national favourite and is consumed in large quantities, particularly during weddings and other ceremonies. Goat meat, another national favourite, is followed, in terms of popularity, by free-range chicken and lamb. River fish is also available amongst communities which live along or near rivers.", "Some claim that the name for the most famous dish of raw meat (beef or horse, typically) came from the Central Asian Tatars' habit of sticking horse meat under their saddle during a day's ride, and eating it raw and tenderized at the end of the day. This, however, is false: the original raw beef dish was actually called steak a l'americaine, and a variety served with tartar sauce on the side (and no egg yolk) was called a la tartare. Eventually, the sauce got dropped, but the name stuck. (Credit: Flickr/ rdpeyton )", "The most common sources of meat are domesticated animal species such as cattle, pigs and poultry and to a lesser extent buffaloes, sheep and goats. In some regions other animal species such as camels, yaks, horses, ostriches and game animals are also eaten as meat. To a limited extent, meat is also derived from exotic animals such as crocodiles, snakes and lizards.", "The liver of mammals, fowl, and fish are commonly eaten as food by humans. Domestic pig, ox, lamb, calf, chicken, and goose livers are widely available from butchers and supermarkets.", "Recently, this type of meat has risen in popularity among consumers as well, due to its delicious flavor and low fat content. Venison, which refers to meat from deer, can be bought through mail order shops and in numerous stores around the United States. Bison, or buffalo, meat is also rising in popularity; today, it is possible to purchase bison steaks or burgers at most grocery stores, and to order bison dishes at many restaurants around the country.", "The decline in red meat (beef and lamb) consumption in affluent parts of the world is largely due to dietary concern that excessive consumption of animal fat is not conducive to good health, as well as to the lack of product versatility to meet modern lifestyles which poultrymeat possesses. Whilst the issue of saturated fat in red meat is somewhat contentious, the benefits of meat from other species such as ostriches has been promoted on the basis of its lower fat content.", "Beef is the culinary name for meat from cattle.Beef is accepted and used in many countries around the world. However in certain parts of India cow is worshipped and hence cow slaughter is banned. There are different cuts of meat available such as steak, rib, rib eye and processed stuff like sausages and salamis.", "In Argentina, beef represents a large portion of the country's export market. A total of 11.8 million animals were slaughtered in 2010. The country has one of the largest consumptions of beef per capita worldwide, and much of it is barbecued steak. Beef steak consumption is described as part of the \"Argentine national identity\". In 2010, there were 244,000 cattle producers in Argentina. In Argentina, a steakhouse is referred to as a parrilla, which are common throughout the country. Portion sizes of steak dishes in Argentine restaurants tend to be large, with steaks weighing over 454 grams (one pound) being commonplace. Asado is a traditional dish that often includes steak and is also the standard word for \"barbecue\" in Argentina and other countries. Asado is considered a national dish of the country. ", "Japan is famous for its raw fish, but it has just as long a tradition of raw meat dishes, prepared in almost the same way. You can get raw beef (gyu tataki) and raw chicken (toriwasa), but the most common is basashi--horse sashimi. Back in the day, horse was also known as sakuraniku, literally \"cherry blossom meat,\" as part of a code used by the technically Buddhist (and vegetarian) diners of the Edo period that assigned a flower to different types of meat based on their color. Venison was momoji, or \"maple leaf,\" and wild boar was botan, or \"peony.\"(Credit: Flickr/ imagesbyk2 )", "In this enlightened age of hygiene and actually knowing how people get sick, raw meat has picked up a regrettable reputation. The elegance of a nice steak tartare, mixed up tableside, has been mostly forgotten, and some people even (horror of horrors) ask for perfectly nice pieces of beef to be ruined into well-doneness. But in other parts of the globe (and even some parts of America), the raw meat dish tradition is going strong. Here are 15 of the most prominent examples, from every continent (well, except Australia and Antarctica) in the world.", "*Meat dishes: Beef, ox, deer, roe deer or boar. Cooked on the grill, stewed or with vegetables.", "North America, Chevon . While \"goat\" is usually the name for the meat found in common parlance, producers and marketers may prefer to use the French-derived word chevon (from chèvre), since market research in the United States suggests that \"chevon\" is more palatable to consumers than \"goat meat\".", "In the 21st century, dog meat is consumed in many parts of China, Korea and Vietnam, parts of Thailand, Switzerland, as well as parts of Europe, Americas, the African continent, such as Cameroon, Ghana and Liberia.", "Fish and shellfish account for about one half of animal protein in the Japanese diet. Because of the Buddhist prohibition of eating the flesh of four-legged creatures, the Japanese had not acquired the habit of eating beef and pork until the latter half of the 19th century. This tradition, and the fact that the country is rich in water resources, accounts for the prominence of fish in Japanese eating habits.", "Animal innards have long been treasured foods around the world Scotland has their national dish of haggis (sheep’s stomach stuffed with animal’s minced heart, liver, and lungs); Throughout Europe, tripe (cow or ox stomach) is popular, and French chefs in upscale restaurants serve dishes based on cow’s brains and kidneys.", "In China and South Vietnam dogs are a source of meat for humans. Dog meat is consumed in some East Asiann countries, including Korea, China, and Vietnam, a practice that dates back to antiquity. It is estimated that 13–16 million dogs are killed and consumed in Asia every year. Other cultures, such as Polynesia and pre-Columbian Mexico, also consumed dog meat in their history. However, Western, South Asian, African, and Middle Eastern cultures, in general, regard consumption of dog meat as taboo. In some places, however, such as in rural areas of Poland, dog fat is believed to have medicinal properties—being good for the lungs for instance. Dog meat is also consumed in some parts of Switzerland. Proponents of eating dog meat have argued that placing a distinction between livestock and dogs is western hypocrisy, and that there is no difference with eating the meat of different animals. ", "Even though awareness about cruelty free lifestyle may be rising in some sections of society, meat consumption actually continues to rise worldwide. This owes itself to rising levels of affluence in the world. This is unfortunate not only from the vegan point of view, but also from the environmental standpoint. More and more of the forest cover of the world is depleted due to rising demands for meat, leading to increased green house gas emissions and ultimately climate change. We look at the top animals killed for food according to ADAPTT :", "Figure 9: Meat consumption (kg/capita/year) for all 185 countries for the year 2004 [based on data from FAO, 2010].", "Meat is a major ingredient in most dishes. The variety is endless, but here are a few examples:", "A large, deer-like animal that inhabits Asia, Africa, and Europe. Their meat is called \"venison\" and may be cooked by roasting. Plenty of fat is recommended to prevent the meat from becoming too dry.", "Here the caution in choosing your meal must be mentioned. It is VERY IMPORTANT to remember that animals raised for slaughter are kept in tightly controlled environments with their health and diet carefully maintained. Humans are not. Thus not only is the meat of each person of varying quality, but people are also subject to an enormous range of diseases, infections, chemical imbalances, and poisonous bad habits, all typically increasing with age. Also as an animal ages, the meat loses its tenderness, becoming tough and stringy. No farm animal is ever allowed to age for thirty years. Six to thirteen months old is a more common slaughtering point. You will obviously want a youthful but mature physically fit human in apparently good health. A certain amount of fat is desirable as \"marbling\" to add a juicy, flavorful quality to the meat. We personally prefer firm caucasian females in their early twenties. These are \"ripe\". But tastes vary, and it is a very large herd.", "Here the caution in choosing your meal must be mentioned. It is VERY IMPORTANT to remember that animals raised for slaughter are kept in tightly controlled environments with their health and diet carefully maintained. Humans are not. Thus not only is the meat of each person of varying quality, but people are also subject to an enormous range of diseases, infections, chemical imbalances, and poisonous bad habits, all typically increasing with age. Also as an animal ages, the meat loses its tenderness, becoming tough and stringy. No farm animal is ever allowed to age for thirty years. Six to thirteen months old is a more common slaughtering point. You will obviously want a youthful but mature physically fit human in apparently good health. A certain amount of fat is desirable as \"marbling\" to add a juicy, flavorful quality to the meat. We personally prefer firm Caucasian females in their early twenties. These are \"ripe\". But tastes vary, and it is a very large herd.", ";Meat: A useful form of dietary protein and energy, meat is the edible tissue of the animal carcass." ]	[ 8.46875, 7.5546875, 7.15234375, 6.765625, 6.4453125, 6.265625, 4.25, 2.517578125, 1.533203125, 0.728515625, 0.1241455078125, -0.12255859375, -0.136474609375, -0.1756591796875, -0.6669921875, -0.7880859375, -0.8408203125, -1.1435546875, -1.26953125, -1.3212890625, -2.166015625, -2.26953125, -2.818359375, -2.8203125, -3.259765625, -4.28125, -4.40625, -5.46484375, -5.5390625, -5.59375, -5.6171875, -5.71875 ]
What type of sweets was American President Ronald Reagan known for having on his desk?	[ "Also, President Regan was said to love Jelly Belly jellybeans and could not get enough of them. He always had to have a bowl on his desk.", "In 1966, Ronald Reagan, then running for governor of California, started snacking on jelly beans from the Herman Goelitz Candy Company in his efforts to quit pipe smoking. While he stopped smoking, he developed a serious jelly bean jones. The company sent him regular shipments while he served as governor from 1967 to 1974. In 1976, Goelitz introduced the Jelly Belly brand of beans—their selling point was that both shell and interior are flavored; with other kinds of jelly beans, only the shell is flavored—and Reagan became a fan. After he was elected president, he kept a jar on his desk and handed out the candy as gifts. His favorite flavor? Licorice. A special jelly-bean jar holder was even installed for him on the presidential jet, and Reagan even sent beans on the Challenger space shuttle in 1983 as a treat for astronauts.", "Ronald Reagan loved jelly beans. He was sometimes referred to as the \"Jelly Bean Man.\" Some say that the sale of jelly beans increased while he was president. For his presidential inauguration in 1981, he made sure his favorite sugary sweets made an appearance. Three and a half tons of Jelly Belly beans were shipped to the White House for the event.", "It was reported that Reagan started eating jelly beans when he gave up smoking in the early 1960’s. On his first day as governor of California, candy maker Henry Rowland gave Reagan a big jar of jelly beans, which Reagan put on the Cabinet Room table. That was the beginning of a long tradition of passing out jelly beans during Cabinet meetings. The jar of jelly beans was passed around the table as decisions were being made.", "Herman Goelitz Candy in California began producing a new type of mini jelly bean in 1965. Until that time, only the candy shell of jelly beans had been flavored; the sweet gummy inside was left unflavored. The new Goelitz mini jelly beans were flavored on the inside as well as in the shell. Future governor of California, Ronald Reagan , was a fan of the new mini jelly bean and reportedly ate the tiny confection on the campaign trail. He later wrote “we can hardly start a meeting without passing around a jar of your jelly beans.” [51] In 1976, entrepreneur David Kline approached Herman Goelitz Candy with the idea of producing Jelly Belly jelly beans, a special version of the mini jelly beans that would contain unique, gourmet flavors. [52] According to William Kelley, Jelly Belly sales skyrocketed after newly-elected President Ronald Reagan revealed his love of the tiny beans. More than 7,000 pounds of red, white, and blue Jelly Belly beans were served at the president's inauguration. [53] Kirby Hanson of the Ronald Reagan Library reports that “throughout the president's career, he continued to order sixty cases of Jelly Bellies a month.” [54]", "\"When I was a child, President Ronald Reagan was the nice man who gave us jelly beans when we visited the White House,\" former Rep. Ben Quayle of Arizona wrote in an article for Politico.com. \"I didn’t know then, but I know it now: The jelly beans were much more than a sweet treat that he gave out as gifts. They represented the uniqueness and greatness of America — each one different and special in its own way, but collectively they blended in harmony.\"", "5. Ronald Reagan loved jelly beans so much he took them everywhere—the Oval Office, Air Force One, and even space", "Ronald Reagan, America’s 40th president and revered conservative icon, loved several things deeply. His country, his faith, his family — particularly his cherished Nancy — and one other thing: jelly beans.", "Fun fact: Reagan was once a member of the Democratic Party. He also was very, very addicted to jelly beans. He started eating them when he quit smoking , and he seriously had jelly bean cup-holders placed on government planes. When he won in 1980, he wanted a jelly bean flag of red, white, and blue to be created to the occasion. There were no blue-colored jelly beans at the time, so the Jelly Belly company created the blueberry flavor specifically for the ceremony. It ended up becoming one of their most popular flavors.", "The Blueberry flavour was created especially for Ronald Reagan in 1981 when he first became President of the United States. 3 ½ tons of red, white and blue beans were sent to the White House for his inauguration party. Although Presidents are not royalty, it could be said that Jewel Blueberries would make the perfect crown for Mr Reagan, who more than anyone, put Jelly Belly jelly beans on the global map.", "So there you have it, you now know how a former US president was linked to a popular sweet.", "You are here: Home / History / Did You Know The Blueberry Jelly Belly Flavour Was Developed For President Ronald Reagan?", "The company supplied Jelly Belly beans to President Reagan for all eight years of his presidency, from 1981 to 1989.", "A portrait of President Ronald Reagan made from 10,000 Jelly Belly beans hangs in the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library in Simi Valley, Calif.", "Blueberry flavor was created for Ronald Reagan's presidential inauguration in 1981 when over three tons of Jelly Belly beans were consumed during the festivities.", "* Ronald Reagan's Hamburger Soup – Ronald Reagan, while President, had this recipe issued publicly in 1986, after he had gotten flak for saying he liked French soups.", "Berlín. When they translate John Kennedy's famous quote (often mistakenly thought of as a gaffe) they say it's a “jelly doughnut”. The Chilean version is a ball of fried dough (no hole) filled with dulce de membrillo (quinze paste), mermelada (fruit jam; the specific recipe uses either strawberry, plum, apricot or peach), crema pastelera (sweet custard) or manjar (Chilean version of dulce de leche aka caramelized sweet milk). Powdered sugar is added just in case you have a sweet tooth.", "I cradle some champagne and stand in Jerry's Kitchen, looking at his twelve packs of cereal, probably the most famous breakfast snacks in history. Soon, all this will be gone, so it is important that we learn what we can while there is still time. They are, from left to right: Honeycomb, Frosted Shredded Wheat, Grape-Nuts, Honey-Nut Shredded Wheat, Waffle Crisp, Shredded Wheat (Spoon Size), Honey Bunches of Oats, Frosted Shredded Wheat (again), Bits'N'Pieces, Blueberry Morning, Golden Multi-Grain Flakes and Froot Loops.", "Volume II of the Presidential Pez series was released in November 2012. It includes dispensers of the sixth through tenth U.S. Presidents: John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren, William Henry Harrison, and John Tyler and one six-pack of candy. What is interesting to note is that Harrison's Pez is the only President in the series that can be purchased individually and is sold through the Grouseland Foundation ", "Eisenhower was known as a penny pincher who clipped coupons for the White House staff. Her recipe for \"Mamie's million dollar fudge\" was reproduced by housewives all over the country after it was printed in many publications. ", "When I was just a little tyke in the 1980's in Durham, NC, my dad and I had a Saturday morning ritual of going to Dunkin Donuts on Erwin Road. He always got the sugar raised donut with a cup of black coffee. Me, in my youthful innocence, and not knowing any better, I always got the gross pink one and a cup of reconstituted, powdered hot chocolate.", "Another childhood favorite was a boxed breakfast danish similar to a Pop-Tart, but it was an oval swirl with fruit filling and frosting/sprinkles on top. I can't remember the name. If anyone remembers.....Do they still make these? This memory is also from mid-late sixties California. --- Alyson, Memphis, Tennessee '65", "According to an Kellogg’s advertisement published in the Los Angeles Times October 28, 1965 (p. D15): blueberry, strawberry, apple-currant and brown sugar-cinnamon. The ad reads “New Pop Tarts drop’em into the toaster or eat’em just as they are. A wonderful breakfast treat- grand for lunch or snacks too. We call ’em Kellogg’s Pop-Tarts. Tasty, tender pastries–four kinds–each ready-filled with a different and luscious flavor…You’ll call ’em the most convenient, tasty change-of-pace breakfast idea that’s come along to brighten you your mornings in a long, long time. Six big tarts in each handy package. Baked and sealed in foil envelopes to stay fresh without refrigeration. A nourishing all-family treat for lunch boxes and after-school snacks as well as for breakfast .” [NOTE: the ad also mentions Smuckers brand jelly and preserves was used for the filling.]", "A very popular form of eating sherbet was Flying saucers. These were small dimpled discs of edible rice paper (coloured) with contained a mouthful of unflavoured sherbet. These were first were produced in the 1960s to commemorate the Sputnik Race. At one time fizzy flying saucers were voted the most popular child’s sweet.", "In 2015, Cheetos rolled out a limited edition cinnamon sugar flavored snack called \"Sweetos\" to US markets. Sweetos was the first sweet snack that Cheetos has released in the brand's 67-year history. ", "Introduced in 1949 as Sugar Crisp, advertisements for Post Cereals Golden Crisp featured an anthropomorphic bear who often would sing, not unlike Bing Crosby, “Can’t get enough of that Golden Crisp,” or “Can’t get enough Super Sugar Crisp.” The makers added the word “Super” to the name in the 1970s and changed “Sugar” to “Golden” a few years later. A 2008 study of cereals’ sugar content found that Golden Crisp were more than fifty percent sugar by weight. Honeycomb is a honey-flavored corn cereal made by Post since 1965. A popular series of commercials in the 1970s and ‘80s featured the lyrics, “Honeycomb’s big. Yeah, yeah, yeah! It’s not small. No, no, no!”", "I loved \"Buttons\", little dots of a flavored candy were stuck on a roll of paper that looked like adding machine paper. I used to buy \"No-Cal\" soda for my mom at the A&P on Springfield Avenue and 9th Street, before it was banned because of cyclamates, BO-NO-MO's Turkish Taffy in the foil wrapper, could pull the fillings right out of your teeth!", "The Baby Ruth candy bar made its debut in 1921, a product of the Curtiss Candy Company. The company claims that the bar was named after President Grover Clevelandï¿½s baby daughter, who was born in 1892.", "I remember the Boo Berry cereal from the eighties and growing up I used to always ask my Dad to get that for me. They still make Count Chocula I believe but they don't sell Boo Berry or Frankenberry up here in Canada anymore. Do you know if they still make it? I think it was General Mills. Thanks", "Sample some of the Presidents' favorite snacks from their younger years. See if your favorite food matches theirs!", "This is an old-time piece which has lately come into favor once more. It is more or less a wholesale piece, but is simple to make if the small shop has a sucker machine. It is made as follows: 10 pounds sugar, 10 pounds corn syrup, 1 quart water. Cook to 290 degrees F., then pour out on a slab. Fold in edges and use work up bar...Color and flavor to suit then spin in strips 1 1/4 inches thick and feed into sucker machine.\"", "Robert, I also notice that your syrup is tan. What kind of sugar do you use to make it? " ]	[ 4.16015625, 3.94140625, 3.896484375, 2.357421875, 1.345703125, 1.2158203125, 0.85791015625, 0.798828125, 0.257568359375, 0.25390625, 0.11834716796875, -0.63134765625, -1.2373046875, -1.5830078125, -1.7119140625, -2.9765625, -4.40234375, -4.43359375, -4.91796875, -5.4765625, -6.1875, -6.265625, -6.38671875, -6.609375, -6.69921875, -6.82421875, -7.32421875, -8.109375, -8.1875, -8.6015625, -9.953125, -10.953125 ]
Which country would you associate with the dish Couscous?	[ "COUSCOUS. Couscous (from the Berber word k'seksu ) is the staple product of North Africa and the national dish of the countries of Maghrib, that is, Algeria , Morocco, and Tunisia . Couscous spread from this area, where it originated, to Libya , Mauritania , Egypt , and sub-Saharan countries. Couscous is also consumed in the Middle East , where it is called mughrabiyya.", "Couscous, a small type of pasta , is made from crushed and steamed durum wheat . North Africans use couscous the same way many cultures use rice . It is popular in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya. In fact, each of this countries claim to be the birthplace of couscous. [1] In these countries, couscous is usually served with meat, especially chicken , mutton , lamb and vegetables. Beyond these similarities, variations exist as to how couscous is served. Moroccans prepare couscous dishes with saffron to create a yellow colored dish that may be topped with fish and a raisin - onion sauce or with meat and vegetables. Algerians incorporate tomatoes into their couscous, while Tunisians add in a harissa sauce.", "Couscous , or more affectionately known as seksu or sikuk, is the national dish of Morocco . The origins of the dish’s name is still a mystery, but many attribute it to the hissing sound as its steam moves through the holes of the couscoussière (steamer). When traveling to Morocco it is a must to eat couscous with a traditional Moroccan family. ", "Couscous is a traditional Berber dish of semolina which is cooked by steaming. It is traditionally served with a meat or vegetable stew spooned over it. Couscous is a staple food throughout the North African cuisines of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Mauritania and Libya. Couscous was voted as the third favourite dish of French people in 2011 in a study by TNS Sofres for magazine Vie Pratique Gourmand and the first in East of France.", "Couscous is also very popular in France, where it is now considered a traditional dish, and has also become popular in Spain, Portugal, Italy, and Greece. Indeed, many polls have indicated that it is often a favorite dish. Study conducted on January 11 and 12, 2006, for the magazine Notre Temps based on face-to-face interviews with a sample of people representative of the adult French population, stratified by age, sex, profession of the head of household, region and type of municipality. Couscous is served in many Maghrebi restaurants all over the world. In France, Spain, Italy, and Portugal, the word \"couscous\" (cuscús in Spanish and Italian; cuscuz in Portuguese) usually refers to couscous together with the stew. Packaged sets containing a box of quick-preparation couscous and a can of vegetables and, generally, meat are sold in French, Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese grocery stores and supermarkets. In France, it is generally served with harissa sauce, a style inherited from the Tunisian cuisine. Indeed, couscous was voted as the third-favourite dish of French people in 2011 in a study by TNS Sofres for magazine Vie Pratique Gourmand, and the first in the east of France. ", "Couscous -- Originating in either Algeria or Morocco in the 13th century, couscous -- Morocco's national dish -- is a fine semolina grain that is traditionally hand-rolled before being steamed over a simmering stew. Ready when plump and fluffy, the grains are then piled into a large platter or tagine dish, with the stew then heaped on top. It's traditionally served after a tagine or mechoui, and is the crowning dish from which most Moroccans will judge a meal. If you're invited to a Moroccan's home for the traditional Friday midday couscous, be aware that every Moroccan man's wife or mother cooks the best couscous in Morocco, and to state otherwise is comparable to treason.", "Couscous also was a staple for the Moriscos, who ate it during secular and religious celebrations. Consequently, the Inquisition prosecuted its consumption. The hostility toward Morisco culture and foodways led to the disappearance of alcuzcuz from Spain and to the development of a derivative, migas. In Portugal the gentry and nobility still consumed couscous during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries; however, the cozido à Madeirense (a couscous dish) has its origin in African influences. According to Francisco Abad, the couscous recipes included in the Spanish court cookbook by Martínez de Montiño (seventeenth century) are related to the author's Portuguese origin (Abad, 2000, pp. 23–24).", "It has a rice-like appearance but is actually made of semolina and wheat flour that is steamed. Couscous is a staple in North African cooking and several variations and recipes exist that infuse a host of ingredients. It is most popular in the Maghreb , a region of North Africa that includes Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, and Libya. Fruit, vegetables, and meats are all used in couscous, making it an excellent main or side dish that can please just about any palette!", "Using the same flour that goes into pasta, couscous is made by rolling and coating durum or hard wheat semolina grains in fine wheat flour, and is a staple ingredient in North Africa. Couscous is also the name of a dish in which the grains are steamed together with a spiced stew of vegetables and/or sometimes meat or chicken.", "Couscous is a staple food throughout the North African cuisines of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Mauritania and Libya. In many Italian regions couscous is served with fish. It is featured as a traditional Italian food product that is officially recognized by the Italian Ministry of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policies. Use of couscous has become so widespread that some Italian food companies have even begun to launch cook and serve product lines to satisfy consumer demand. Chewy Italian couscous, also called freula, is a Sardinian-style toasted semolina pasta. It comes in small, medium and large grains and is available at specialty food stores.", "In Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, and Libya, couscous is generally served with vegetables (carrots, potatoes, turnips, etc.) cooked in a spicy or mild broth or stew, and some meat (generally, chicken, lamb or mutton).", "* The term couscous can be used to mean either, 1. a pasta of North African origin made of crushed and steamed Durum wheat semolina, like here, or 2. a North African dish consisting of said pasta, steamed and served with stewed vegetables and grilled meat.", "The term “couscous” refers both to the dry, uncooked semolina pellets themselves and to the ready-to-eat dish of light, fluffy steamed grains topped by marga, a hearty vegetable-based stew. The Arabic word kuskus comes from the Berber seksu, which points to the dish’s presence in North Africa before the arrival of Arab Muslims in the 100 years following the death of the Prophet Muhammad in 632. But the introduction of new ingredients from around the world, as well as influences from Mashriqi (eastern Arab), African, Andalusian and even European cooking, has transformed couscous over the centuries, and resulted in distinct regional cuisines.", "Lamb is one of the favorite meats to serve couscous with, along with mutton and chicken (or beef). However, vegetarian recipes are also very popular, especially in Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco, made of chickpeas and vegetable stews. Another alternative is fish couscous: very typical are the sweet and sour Morocco one; the Sicilian preparation with grouper and the calamari one from Lybia.", "In Egypt, couscous is eaten more as a dessert. It is prepared with butter, sugar, cinnamon, raisins, and nuts and topped with cream.", "It’s a traditional dish from Ivory Coast, very popular throughout West Africa. It is made out of grated cassava. Its look and taste are so similar to wheat couscous that many people wouldn’t get the difference. However, its color is lighter, its texture stickier, its taste slightly more acid and its flavor unique.", "In the province of Trapani, Sicily, it’s practically a staple and if you take a look at a map you’ll see why. Trapani is actually closer to Tunisia than it is to the Italian peninsula. Centuries ago, Sicily, North Africa and the Middle East were just one big granary supplying ancient Rome. Bartolomeo Scappi’s culinary guide of 1570 describes a Moorish dish, succussu, that is made in Tuscany to illustrate how far north the grain traveled. Traditional Italian couscous is the result of the country’s unique geographic position at the center of the Mediterranean, an ideal place for cultural and culinary exchange dating back to the dawn of civilisation in the area. There is even a festival dedicated to the local specialty in the Sicilian town of San Vito Lo Capo. Couscous was introduced to the Italian palate long ago but its popularity is currently booming due to its easy preparation, versatility in the kitchen and reputation as a healthy alternative to other traditional pastas.", "In Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, and Libya couscous is generally served with vegetables (carrots, potatoes, turnips, etc.) cooked in a spicy or mild broth or stew", "There are, of course, variations. One dish, called burkukis in Algeria, mhammsah in Morocco and tikhemmezin by the Tuareg nomads of the Sahara, uses couscous grains twice the size of the usual ones. Another recipe, Known variously as sfuf, mesfuf orsiffah, is sweet rather than savory, and is often served in the heat of summer. In it, plain steamed couscous is topped with raisins and sugar, decorated with cinnamon and sometimes garnished with sliced boiled eggs. Sfuf is usually served with buttermilk or laban (yoghurt), whose acid edge cuts the sugary taste of the sweetened semolina.", "In Morocco, this rolling and rubbing process to form the couscous is done in a platter called a gasca, a large earthenware faience platter traditional in Fez, but sometimes made of wood. In Algeria, this platter is known by the same name, as well as lyān. In Morocco, the couscous is then dried in a midūna, a latticework basket of palm or esparto grass. Afterwards it is transferred to a tabaq, a finer kind of basket. After drying a bit, the couscous is returned to the midūna for more rolling. The couscous is then sieved in three stages through sieves with progressively smaller holes called the ghurbal qamiḥ, ghurbal kusksi, and ghurbal talac in Morocco and Tunisia, and the kharaj, rafaḍ and tanay in Algeria. It is sieved numerous times to form a uniform grain. The couscous is then left for four or five days to dry in the sun on a white sheet with occasional light sprays of water. It must be completely dry before storing. Today, modern North African couscous factories do all of this by machine, including the drying process.", "Berber couscous, which is found mostly in the rugged mountain ranges of North Africa, is sometimes made with barley, or even corn. It is usually the dish at its most basic—and often its most delicious. The Moroccans have a reputation for subtly spiced couscous dishes that occasionally feature exotic ingredients such as pigeons or dates. Tunisians are said to do away with such niceties and opt for blazing hot couscous liberally spiced with peppers. Algerians, at the heart of the Maghrib, pride themselves on the authenticity of their unpretentious, robust couscous, while Libyans, at the eastern edge of the region, developed a variation that uses millet rather than the usual durum wheat semolina as its base.", "In Algeria, a new mother is traditionally given burkukis following childbirth, to help her regain her strength. And when a newborn child is named—traditionally on the seventh day of its life—this occasion, too, is marked by a special couscous, this time a spicy stew based on chickpeas and fava beans and known as gsaa, after the concave wooden or clay platter on which it is served. Later in life, heaping bowls of couscous will accompany the celebrations marking a boy’s circumcision; it is also often served at weddings, where several hundred guests may dine. At death, it is customary for neighbors to bring a bereaved family dishes of couscous to help feed visiting mourners. In fact, it is difficult to find an important occasion in which couscous does not play a part.", "Because of these special associations, North African emigrants have taken couscous with them wherever they have traveled, and some of today’s best couscous is served not only in Marrakech and Meknes, but also in Marseilles and Montreal. When piping-hot, spicy marga is ladled over a golden mound of couscous, Maghribi expatriates are transported home, even if just for a moment.", "In much of North Africa, durum semolina is made into the staple couscous. It is also used to make harsha, a kind of griddle cake often eaten for breakfast, commonly with jam or honey. ", "A French side dish combines brie cheese, couscous, onion, garlic , olive oil and butter. Another common dish combines the pasta with mint and lemon. A stuffing can be made using it with raisins and pistachios. Israeli couscous is cooked like pasta and is smaller in size than a pea. The Lebanese version takes longer to cook; it is soaked in hot water for 30-45 minutes.", "Socially, through each stage of preparation and consumption, couscous is a powerfully communal food. “Couscous for one” is not just impractical: Most Maghribis would find it an absurd, alien idea. The time and effort involved in preparation of the dish make it the opposite of fast food, and couscous is generally made in quantities to feed not only the immediate family but also a bevy of aunts, uncles and cousins—and often the neighbors as well.", "You may have thought otherwise, but couscous is a type of pasta that is made from durum wheat and water and nothing else In the mediteranean countries it is often homemade, although many are switching to the excellent and convenient commercial varieties that are now available", "Many modern couscous dishes are spicy, with lots of fiery peppers and a combination of ground coriander, cumin and garlic. Older recipes are mellow and exotic, often made with quince, raisins and a curious blend of dried rosebuds, black pepper and ground cinnamon called bharat. Also popular is a combination of the two recipes.", "Origins. The origin of couscous is uncertain. Lucie Bolens affirms that Berbers were preparing couscous as early as 238 to 149 b.c.e. (Bolens, 1989, p. 61). Nevertheless, Charles Perry states that couscous originated between the end of the Zirid dynasty and the rise of the Almohadian dynasty between the eleventh and the thirteenth centuries (Perry, 1990, p. 177).", "Although the word couscous might derive from the Arabic word kaskasa, \"to pound small,\" it is generally thought to derive from one of the Berber dialects because it does not take the article indicating a foreign language origin. It has also been suggested that the word derives from the Arabic name for the perforated earthenware steamer pot used to steam the couscous, called a kiskis (the French translation couscousi�re is the word English-speaking writers have adopted), while another theory attributes the word couscous to the onomatopoeic--the sound of the steam rising in the couscousi�re, the most unlikely explanation.", "The couscous is then served, in a sense, upside-down, as the cooked couscous grains—often with a bit of added butter to keep them separate—are placed in a large bowl and then topped with the stew. Extra stew sauce is served in a separate bowl, from which those who prefer their couscous wet with broth may spoon it on. For the brave of palette, hot pepper sauce (harissah) may also be served. Couscous is a complete meal in itself, generally followed only by fresh fruit such as grapes or melon, whose cool sweetness provides an interesting counterpoint to the rich, spicy sauce.", "Deriving from the Berber word seksu, which means well-rolled or rounded, couscous resembles a whole grain like wheat or barley, but is actually a mixture of semolina (cracked middling of durum wheat), water, salt and oil or samna (clarified butter) that gets rubbed together until it forms small granules that are then steamed. Like snowflakes, every piece of hand-rolled couscous has its own unique shape and composition. 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In which country was ice cream invented?	[ "Food historians tell us the history of ice cream begins with ancient flavored ices. The Chinese are generally credited for creating the first ice creams, possibly as early as 3000 BC. Marco Polo is popularly cited for introducing these tasty concoctions to Italy. This claim (as well as his introducing pasta to Italy) are questionable. The ice creams we enjoy today are said to have been invented in Italy during the 17th century. They spread northward through Europe via France. \"French-style\" ice cream (made with egg yolks) and its American counterpart, \"Philadelphia-style,\" are (no eggs, or egg whites only) enriched products made with the finest ingredients. Vanilla is the most popular flavor of this genre. Food historians tell us this type of ice cream originated in the 17th century and proliferated in the early 18th.", "No, ice cream wasn’t invented in France, though it is said that Catherine de Medici introduced ice cream to France when she relocated to marry King Henry II.", "It is difficult to say exactly when ice cream was �invented.� Various cultures around the world have used natural ice in combination with drinks, fruits or berries for thousands of years, but whether this constitutes ice cream is debatable. Of Sugar and Snow: A History of Ice Cream Making is a 2009 book by Jeri Quinzio on the social history of ice cream. In the preface, Quinzio dispels some popular myths. Marco Polo may or may not have tasted ices in China in the thirteenth century, but he did not bring recipes back to Italy. There are no references to such information in the books or letters of the time. When Italians were experimenting with freezing techniques three centuries later this was a native development in post-Renaissance Italy and the dynamic, experimenting Europe of the Scientific Revolution.", "The origins of ice cream can be traced back to at least the 4th century B.C. Early references include the Roman emperor Nero (A.D. 37-68) who ordered ice to be brought from the mountains and combined with fruit toppings, and King Tang (A.D. 618-97) of Shang, China who had a method of creating ice and milk concoctions. Ice cream was likely brought from China back to Europe. Over time, recipes for ices, sherbets, and milk ices evolved and served in the fashionable Italian and French royal courts.", "\"Gelato. Ice cream, made with egg custard, sugar, and flavorings. From the latin gelare (to freeze). The Arabs were the first to develop the kind of fruit ice that the Italians called sorbetto, but the Chinese seem to have invented milk-based ice cream, which Marco Polo described on his returned from the Orient. The idea for both frozen desserts were brought to France by a cook named Bernardo Buontalenti, either with Caterina de'Medici in 1533 or with Maria de'Medici in 1600. It was, however, a Sicilian who made custard-based ice cream, a wildly popular and fashionable confection: Francesco Procopio dei Coletti, an impovershed Palermo aristocrat, emigrated to Vienna in 1672, first to work for a coffee purveyor, then as owner of his own coffeehouse. Before long he ran a chain of such cafes throughout Central Europe, then took the idea to Paris in 1675, where he opened the Cafe Procope...where he began selling Viennese-style ices and, before long, custard-rich ice creams. Coffee houses in Italy followed the Paris model, and gelato became hugely popular. In Italy today, the best ice creams in Italy are made by local gelaterie...\"", "Ice cream was likely brought from China back to Europe. Famous explorer Marco Polo returned to his homeland Italy from China in late 13th century with a Chinese recipe for Milk Ice. Europeans replaced the Milk with Cream and since then Ice Cream has become an all time favourite! Another reference has it that King Tang (A.D. 618-97) of Shang, China had a method of creating ice and milk concoctions.", "Ice Cream - The United States is by far the world's largest consumer of ice cream followed by Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and Britain. Ice cream is such a big part of our culture that in the 1920s as immigrants arrived in the United States (Ellis Island) they were served ice cream as part of their first meal. Although we may have adopted it as our own ice cream is not an American invention. Paul Dickson tells us in his book 'The Great American Ice Cream Book' that the first record of it being eaten in the United States was in 1742 when ice cream was served at a dinner given by the then Governor of Maryland. But it wasn't until the latter part of the eighteenth century when ice cream houses started to appear in New York and Philadelphia that ice cream was not simply a dessert to be enjoyed by the wealthy . ", "Anything closer to what we know as modern gelato, though, seems to have been developed during the Renaissance. Florence’s Boboli Gardens still have an ice-house built by the Medici in 1612, and a 1595 banquet in the city featured sculptures made out of sorbet. By the late 17th century, ice cream seems to have taken off. A recipe book even was printed in Naples, still one of the best places in Italy to try gelato, with a variety of delicious sorbet ideas, from ice cream thickened with candied pumpkin to gelato flavored with lemon blossom water. By the 19th century, we all screamed for ice cream — and in Italy, gelato (meaning “something frozen”) became the accepted word for the frozen treat.", "According to Mageulonne Toussaint-Samat in her History of Food, \"the Chinese may be credited with inventing a device to make sorbets and ice cream. They poured a mixture of snow and saltpetre over the exteriors of containers filled with syrup, for, in the same way as salt raises the boiling-point of water, it lowers the freezing-point to below zero.\" The Chinese put sugar in the ice and sold it as food during the summer. During the Song Dynasty (宋朝) people began putting fruit juice in the water used to create the ice; milk began to be used in the Yuan Dynasty (元朝), as the Mongols , who adopted a nomadic culture, introduced milk to China, where milk was not widely used in cuisine at that time; milk and dairy products in general are still rare in Chinese cuisine.", "Rose and Reuben met in Brownsville, Brooklyn, New York. After finishing high school, Rose went to work as a book-keeper at the Senator plant in 1934, and the two married in 1936. Reuben consulted some books and started to make a new heavy kind of ice cream. In 1959, he decided to form a new ice cream company with a foreign sounding name. He invented the Danish sounding 'Häagen-Dazs' as a tribute to Denmark's exemplary treatment of its Jews during the Second World War, adding an umlaut which does not exist in Danish, and even put a map of Denmark on the carton.", "In the Mediterranean, ice cream appears to have been accessible to ordinary people by the mid-eighteenth century. Ice cream became popular and inexpensive in England in the mid-nineteenth century, when Swiss émigré Carlo Gatti set up the first stand outside Charing Cross station in 1851. He sold scoops in shells for one penny. Prior to this, ice cream was an expensive treat confined to those with access to an ice house. Gatti built an 'ice well' to store ice that he cut from Regent's Canal under a contract with the Regent's Canal Company. By 1860, he expanded the business and began importing ice on a large scale from Norway.", "Flavored ices resembling sherbet were known in China in ancient times. In Europe, sherbet-like concoctions evolved into ice cream by the 16th century, and around 1670 or so, the Café Procope in Paris offered creamy frozen dairy desserts to the public. The first written record of ice cream in the New World comes from a letter dated 1700, attesting that Maryland Governor William Bladen served the treat to his guests. In 1777, the New York Gazette advertised the sale of ice cream by confectioner Philip Lenzi. History of Ice Cream", "Not much changed until sometime in the mid-15th century when the early skill of making gelato began in Italy. In Florence, the Medici family, in a quest to find the greatest frozen dessert set up a competition that was open to all residents. Ruggeri, a local chicken farmer and aspiring cook made something similar to sorbet with ice and fruit juices. It then became common practice for snow to be compacted and stored underground in order for it to be flavoured with fruit and sold in the summer months to those who could afford it. In the latter part of the 15th century, the Medici family commissioned Bernardo Buontalenti, a famous artist and architect, to prepare a feast for the impending visit of the King of Spain. Using all his artistic and culinary skills he presented the King with a creamy, frozen dessert which was the first gelato.", "Flavored ices resembling sherbet were known in China in ancient times. In Europe, sherbet-like concoctions evolved into ice cream by the 16th century, and around 1670 or so, the Cafï¿½ Procope in Paris offered creamy frozen dairy desserts to the public. The first written record of ice cream in the New World comes from a letter dated 1700, attesting that Maryland Governor William Bladen served the treat to his guests. In 1777, the", "Ice cream's origins are known to reach back as far as the second century B.C., although no specific date of origin nor inventor has been undisputably credited with its discovery. We know that Alexander the Great enjoyed snow and ice flavored with honey and nectar. Biblical references also show that King Solomon was fond of iced drinks during harvesting. During the Roman Empire, Nero Claudius Caesar (A.D. 54-86) frequently sent runners into the mountains for snow, which was then flavored with fruits and juices.", "Philadelphia was once known as the \"Ice Cream Capital of the World\" at a time when ice cream was sparsely available in the US, and recently Philadelphia's Capogiro was named the Best Ice Cream in the World by National Geographic. [54] [55]", "None of our ice cream history books mention his name. We stumbled across this tiny obituary published in the New York Times, circa 1907. We glean, though cannot confirm via US Patents, that Mr. Dunham created the commercial process. It seems unlikely the first street vendor peddling lowly hokey pokey to poor children from a rickety cart would be worth noting by the New York Times.", "1880: Buffalo, NY; Evanston, IL; Two Rivers, WI; and Ithaca, NY all claim to have invented the ice cream sundae. Wherever it happened, it first started appearing in soda fountains during the 1880’s. It was invented because ice cream sodas weren’t allowed to be sold on Sundays; the ice cream sundae was a way to circumvent that restriction. On September 22, 1903, there is a recorded application for a patent for the ice cream cone by Italo Marchiony.", "Wide availability of ice cream in the late 19th century led to new creations. In 1874, the American soda fountain shop and the profession of the \"soda jerk\" emerged with the invention of the ice cream soda. In response to religious criticism for eating \"sinfully\" rich ice cream sodas on Sundays, ice cream merchants left out the carbonated water and invented the ice cream \"Sunday\" in the late 1890's. The name was eventually changed to \"sundae\" to remove any connection with the Sabbath.", "The earliest cones were rolled by hand, from hot and thin wafers, but in 1912, Frederick Bruckman, an inventor from Portland, Oregon, patented a machine for rolling ice cream cones. He sold his company to Nabisco in 1928, which is still producing ice cream cones as of 2012. Independent ice-cream providers such as Ben & Jerry's make their own cones.", "It is also said that on July 23, 1904 Charles E. Minches was looking to imporve business. By filling pastry cones with two scoops of ice cream Charles Minches invented the ice cream cone. The ice cream cone was first tried at the 1904 Saint Louis World Fair.", "In 1851, Jacob Fussell in Baltimore established the first large-scale commercial ice cream plant. Alfred Cralle patented an ice cream mold and scooper used to serve on February 2 1897.", "After the 1830s when ice-making machines became available, ice cream gradually became more widely available. In 1843, Nancy Johnson invented the first small-scale handcranked ice cream freezer. This was followed by the invention of the ice cream soda , probably invented by Robert Green in 1874, although there is no conclusive evidence to prove his claim.", "The dessert Pie à la Mode, a slice of pie topped by a scoop of ice cream, was first invented and named by John Gieriet in Duluth in 1885. However, in the 1936 obituary of a man named Charles Watson Townsend, the claim was made that he was the inventor, and a controversy developed as to who really invented Pie à la Mode. A reporter from the St. Paul Pioneer Press read Townsend's obituary in the New York Times and realized that the Times had incorrectly attributed the invention of \"Pie à la Mode\" to Townsend. The St. Paul reporter wanted to set the record straight, so the newspaper ran a story on May 23, 1936 about how the dessert was really invented inside a Superior Street restaurant in Duluth, Minnesota in the 1880s. The St. Paul newspaper indicated that the Duluth restaurant specifically served ice cream with blueberry pie. This was over a decade before Townsend first ordered pie with ice cream in New York, making Duluth the true birthplace of Pie à la Mode. ", "---Of Sugar and Snow: A History of Ice Cream Making, Jeri Quinzio [University of California Press:Berkeley CA] 2009 (p. 150)", "In 1846, Nancy Johnson patented a hand-cranked freezer that established the basic method of making ice cream still used today. William Young patented the similar \"Johnson Patent Ice-Cream Freezer\" in 1848.", "Häagen-Dazs: Name was invented in 1961 by ice-cream makers Reuben and Rose Mattus of the Bronx “to convey an aura of the old-world traditions and craftsmanship”.", "Baskin-Robbins was founded in 1945 in Glendale, California by Burton Baskin and Irvine Robbins, ice cream enthusiasts and brothers-in-law, whose passion inspired what is now the world's largest chain of ice cream specialty shops. What was once a selection of 31 flavors—Baskin-Robbins \"31®\" stands for a different ice cream flavor for each day of the month—has grown to more than 1,200 in its flavor library.", "Ice cream (formerly and properly ice-cream, derived from earlier iced cream or cream ice) is a frozen dessert usually made from dairy products, such as milk and cream, and often combined with fruits or other ingredients and flavours. Most varieties contain sugar, although some are made with other sweeteners. In some cases, artificial flavourings and colourings are used in addition to, or instead of, the natural ingredients. The mixture of chosen ingredients is stirred slowly while cooling, in order to incorporate air and to prevent large ice crystals from forming. The result is a smoothly textured semi-solid foam that is malleable and can be scooped.", "Today, the largest ice cream cone company in the world is the Joy Cone Company of Hermitage, Pennsylvania. The company is baking over 1.5 billion cones per year to satisfy the world's demand. Albert George, along with other family members, bought some second-hand cone-baking machines and started the George & Thomas Cone Company in 1918. Today, that company now called Joy Cone Company after its signature cone. is still owned/operated by the George family, together with their employees.", "Milk comes from the dairy cow. Butter, cheese and ice cream are made from milk. It was adopted as the State beverage in 1981.", "1920. Harry Burt had just created the Jolly Boy Sucker, a lollypop on a stick and applied for a patent. In addition Burt outfitted a fleet of twelve street vending trucks with freezers and bells to sell his creation out of. The first set of bells came from his son’s bobsled. Later, while working in his ice cream parlor, Burt developed a smooth chocolate coating that was compatible with ice cream. Unfortunately, the new combination was too messy to eat. Burt’s young son, Harry Jr., suggested that his dad take some of the wooden sticks used for the Jolly Boy Suckers and freeze them into the ice cream. The first ice cream on a stick was born." ]	[ 5.4921875, 3.869140625, 3.81640625, 3.28515625, 1.904296875, 1.8125, 1.5478515625, 1.0634765625, 0.376708984375, -0.38232421875, -0.71728515625, -1.0146484375, -1.05859375, -1.1689453125, -2.662109375, -2.732421875, -2.955078125, -3.607421875, -3.65625, -4.3671875, -4.41015625, -4.6171875, -4.69921875, -4.90625, -5.078125, -5.296875, -5.921875, -6.13671875, -6.5390625, -6.71484375, -7.10546875, -7.26171875 ]
You are running a race and overtake the person who is in third place. In which position are you now?	[ "In the same race, if you overtake the last person, then you are in what position?", "You are running in a race. You overtake the second person. What position are you in?", "8. If you were running a race and you passed the person in 2nd place, what place would you be in now?", "\"If someone is second and close to the race leader and there is a chance to overtake and eventually win the championship, that's what they're trying to achieve.", "\"The guy who finishes last is not hanging about; you wouldn't want to be sat on the back of him. You win races by tenths of seconds over a few hundred miles.\"", "The person who has the lead in a race or competition is the one who is winning.", "The driver who set the fastest time will start from the first line in the “pole position”, and the others will line up on the grid in the order of the times they have achieved. In the event of a tie, the driver who achieved the time first is given priority.", "One runner is selected to finish 1st (ie a standout) and is coupled with three or more runners to finish second, third and fourth.", "In a race, the quickest runner can never overtake the slowest in the same way that the slowest runner can never overtake the quickest, since a human's fate is predetermined and no matter how quick he can be in a race, he will still lack power to change it.", "“I consider myself a runner and I run my ragged race, but then I’m passing on to the next person. Hopefully they are running in the right direction and not the wrong direction, and hopefully they don’t drop the baton – and then they go and they pass it on to somebody else.”", "In conventional road races, sprinters may bide their time waiting until the last few hundred metres before putting on a burst of speed to win the race. Many races will finish with a large group sprinting for the win; some sprinters may have team-mates, so-called domestiques 'leading them out' (i.e., keeping pace high and sheltering the sprinter) so that they have a greater chance of finishing in the leading positions. These team-mates tend to \"peel off\" one by one as they tire; the last team-mate is known as the \"lead-out sprinter\" and the best of them are excellent sprinters in their own right.", "This is most commonly a racing term that means you quickly accelerate with the idea that you’re going to put a gap between you and other riders.", "His strategy for the semi final was to stay behind the pack and hope everyone crashed, because he realised he wasn't quick enough to match the raw pace of his opponents. This is exactly what happened in the semis, as he was in last place (5th) when the 3 racers ahead of him crashed out, and the now 2nd placed Bradbury miraculously advanced to the final. It keeps going.", "The distance can vary, but usually in the 3 mile range. Sometimes the race course is over a winding river like the Charles. The race is a timed event with each crew starting in single file and negotiating the race course as fast as possible. The start time and finish times are recorded and the elapsed time calculated. The fastest time wins. Sometimes in masters events there is an age adjusted handicap. Crews passing each other is usually exciting, particularly on a narrow river or tight bend. Crews don't really know how they placed until a printout of the times is posted.", "Competitors race either individually or in teams in the manner of a relay race . [1] [3] If the egg falls from the spoon then competitors may be required to stop, retrieve, and reposition their egg; [10] or to start again; [1] [11] or may even be disqualified. [12] Due to the lesser penalty imposed for dropping the egg, and consequent encouragement of greater risk-taking , the first penalty scenario may result in a race that is faster overall. [10] It is generally regarded as cheating to stick the egg to the spoon or to hold on to it with one's finger. [13] For an extra challenge, contestants might carry the spoon with both hands, in their mouths, or have their hands tied behind their backs. [4] [14] [15] Squabbles are to be avoided in the eventuality of fumbling one's egg. [16]", "At the end of the day this is a race against yourself. (Photo: The Adventurists )", "*The contestants run the race two at a time, so each heat is a contest in itself.", "If you set a goal for yourself and are able to achieve it, you have won your race. Your goal can be to come in first, to improve your performance, or just finish the race it's up to you.", "Continue the race, trying to pick up speed towards the end. Clearing the last hurdle can be difficult, but if you push yourself too much, it will be no problem, but it can hurt in the end.", "Trifecta – The bettor must correctly pick the three runners which finish first, second, and third", "My finishing time in the race last year was 57:01. I'd like to see if I can do better this time. I don't think I'll ever be a fast runner, but that's no reason why I shouldn't try for some degree of improvement. My running buddies have been getting faster lately, and I haven't, or at least not as much as they have. It's kind of embarrassing. Typically I keep up with them for the first half of a run, and then I fall behind. Sometimes way behind. They don't tease me about it -- but other people I work with, who encounter me out there when they're walking or running the other direction, are not shy about pointing out that my companions are getting way ahead of me and I'd better put on some speed. (That happened today, for example.)", "The Brit had too much for the chasing pack, his speed on the final lap seeing him over the line in first place ahead of his rivals.", "[All the racers storm out and begin running to the finish line to see who can be the first to punch at the clock and win the race]", "Competitors visit as many controls as possible within a time limit. There is usually a mass start (rather than staggered), with a time limit. Controls may have different point values depending on difficulty, and there is a point penalty for each minute late. The competitor with the most points is the winner.", "Darren Campbell's in this next heat, next to Francis Obikwelu. Can he drag him through? (Not literally, before you email, I do understand that that would be perfectly illegal). He came away at the end to finish fourth, and he's hopping worryingly. I usually do that to indicate the previous gaff was not entirely my fault...", "That's all well and good for a 2:06 marathoner, but what does it mean to runners finishing an hour or two behind the winners?", "A tote bet operating in races of 3 or more declared runners in which the punter has to pick the first two to finish in either order.", "For example, a team that finishes in 14th place, six minutes behind the winning team, would lose only two minutes and 20 seconds in the General Classification relative to the winners of the TTT. If the team time had been 2:13 behind the winning team, then the team time will be 2:13 assuming that this were still the 14th place.", "For example, a team that finishes in 14th place, six minutes behind the winning team, would lose only two minutes and 20 seconds in the General Classification relative to the winners of the TTT. If the team time had been 2:13 behind the winning team, then the team time will be 2:13 assuming that this were still the 14th place.", "He often races Superman to see who is the fastest. It usually ends up in a tie.", "It was really disappointing to be told that I had lost the place because I fought so hard on the last couple of laps to make up ground. Considering the circumstances over the weekend and earlier in the race, a point would have been a good result, so I wasn't happy to be told I had been penalised.", "n. getting in the way of slow down in front of rival riders, to help a teammate get ahead on a breakaway." ]	[ 6.5859375, 6.01171875, 2.73828125, -3.140625, -3.6875, -4.08203125, -4.6484375, -4.6953125, -4.8125, -4.98046875, -5.54296875, -5.9453125, -5.97265625, -5.9921875, -6.07421875, -6.1171875, -6.125, -6.15234375, -6.1953125, -6.47265625, -6.7578125, -6.78125, -6.90234375, -7.3828125, -7.5, -8.109375, -8.5, -8.984375, -8.984375, -9.0234375, -9.3828125, -9.6171875 ]
What is the first name of Hammerstein from the famous songwriting duo Rogers and Hammerstein?	[ "Rodgers and Hammerstein were an American songwriting duo consisting of Richard Rodgers (1902-1979) and Oscar Hammerstein II (1895-1960). They are most famous for creating a string of immensely popular Broadway musicals in the 1940s and 1950s, during what is considered the golden age of the medium. Five of their shows were outstanding successes: Oklahoma! (their first collaboration); Carousel; South Pacific; The King and I; and The Sound of Music. Among the many accolades they garnered were thirty-four Tony Awards; fifteen Academy Awards; two Pulitzer Prizes; two Grammy Awards; and two Emmy Awards.", "Rodgers and Hammerstein were an American songwriting duo consisting of Richard Rodgers (1902 – 1979) and Oscar Hammerstein II (1895 – 1960). They are most famous for creating a string of immensely popular Broadway musicals in the 1940s and 1950s, during what is considered the golden age of the medium. Five of their shows were outstanding successes: Oklahoma! (their first collaboration); Carousel; South Pacific; The King and I; and The Sound of Music. Among the many accolades they garnered were thirty-four Tony… read more", "Rodgers and Hammerstein were an American songwriting duo consisting of Richard Rodgers (1902-1979) and Oscar Hammerstein II (1895-1960). They are most famous for creating a string of immensely popular Broadway musicals in the 1940s and 1950s, during what is considered the golden age of the medium. Five of their shows were outstanding successes: Oklahoma! (their first collaboration); Carousel; South Pacific; The King and I; and The Sound of Music. Among the many accolades they garnered were thirty-four Tony Awards; fifteen… read more", "Richard Charles Rodgers (June 28, 1902 – December 30, 1979) was an American composer of music for more than 900 songs and for 43 Broadway musicals. He also composed music for films and television. He is best known for his songwriting partnerships with the lyricists Lorenz Hart and Oscar Hammerstein II. His compositions have had a significant impact on popular music down to the present day, and have an enduring broad appeal. From Wikipedia", "Rodgers and Hammerstein refers to an influential, innovative and successful American musical theatre writing team consisting of composer Richard Rodgers (1902–1979) and lyricist-dramatist Oscar Hammerstein II (1895–1960). They created a string of popular Broadway musicals in the 1940s and 1950s, initiating what is considered the \"golden age\" of musical theatre.Gordon, John Steele. [http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/1993/1/1993_1_58.shtml Oklahoma'!']. Retrieved June 13, 2010 Five of their Broadway shows, Oklahoma!, Carousel, South Pacific, The King and I and The Sound of Music, were outstanding successes, as was the television broadcast of Cinderella. Of the other four that the team produced on Broadway during their lifetimes, Flower Drum Song was well-received, and none was an outright flop. Most of their shows have received frequent revivals around the world, both professional and amateur. Among the many accolades their shows (and film versions) garnered were thirty-four Tony Awards, fifteen Academy Awards, the Pulitzer Prize, and two Grammy Awards.", "Perhaps the greatest musical partnership of the 20th century, Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II wrote 11 musicals from 1943-1959. This lesson will explore the musical duo responsible for a significant chunk of the American musical canon.", "The Broadway musicals of Richard Rodgers (1902-1979) and Oscar Hammerstein II (1895-1960) belong to the whole world. They were a cultural phenomenon at a time when Broadway was an undisputed kingdom of American culture. The unique music made by Rodgers melodies and Hammerstein's words featured in the groundbreaking shows they wrote between 1943 and 1960 are known to people everywhere. From this extraordinary body of work, these wonderful songs can now be enjoyed for the first time in one definitive collection of all their musicals.", "The partnership between composer Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II began in 1943 with Oklahoma! and included 1951's The King and I. From 'The Hammersteins'/Copyright Black Dog and Leventhal hide caption", "Oscar Hammerstein's (1895 - 1960) collaboration with Rodgers came about in 1942. Their first work, Oklahoma, achieved a record-breaking run of 2,212 performances and won a special Pulitzer Prize for drama. Other hugely successful musicals were Carousel, South Pacific, The King and I, and 1959's The Sound Of Music, winning a Tony for best musical and a Grammy for best theater album.", "Did you know that both Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II married women named Dorothy, and both had fathers named William? This last fact lead Rodgers & Hammerstein to name their music publishing company Williamson Music Company when they founded it in 1945.", "Other similar collaborations were to follow with Sondheim working with Jules Styne on \"Gypsy\" (based on the life of strip artist Gypsy Rose Lee) and with Richard Rodgers (Oscar Hammerstein's composer partner) on \"Do I Hear a Waltz?\" though this latter collaboration was affected by the composer's drink problem. Then began a fruitful period for Stephen Sondheim where he created many of his most successful musicals (writing both music and lyrics) working with producer/director Hal Prince whom he had met while still at school. The comedy musical \"A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum\" with Zero Mostel in the lead role, was a major success and this was followed by \" Company\", \"Follies\" and \"A Little Night Music\" whose song \"Send in the Clowns\" became a hit in the charts. The pair's magical touch continued with \"Pacific Overtures\", \"Sweeney Todd\" and \"Merrily We Roll Along\". As a composer, Sondheim's music is definitely a few steps beyond the work of Rodgers and Hammerstein. His music tends to be more gritty and modern with touches of atonality where appropriate, bringing out the satirical aspects of his subject matter.", "The Sound of Music is a musical with music by Richard Rodgers, lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II and a book by Howard Lindsay and Russel Crouse. It is based on the memoir of Maria von Trapp, The Story of the Trapp Family Singers. Set in Austria on the eve of the Anschluss in 1938, the musical tells the story of Maria, who takes a job as governess to a large family while she decides whether to become a nun. She falls in love with the children, and eventually their widowed father, Captain von Trapp. He is ordered to accept a commission in the German navy, but he opposes the Nazis. He and Maria decide on a plan to flee Austria with the children. Many songs from the musical have become standards, such as \"Edelweiss\", \"My Favorite Things\", \"Climb Ev'ry Mountain\", \"Do-Re-Mi\", and the title song \"The Sound of Music\".", "Hammerstein contributed the lyrics to 850 songs, according to The Complete Lyrics of Oscar Hammerstein II, edited by Amy Asch. Some well-known songs are \"Ol' Man River\", \"Can't Help Lovin' That Man\" and \"Make Believe\" from Show Boat; \"Indian Love Call\" from Rose-Marie; \"People Will Say We're in Love\" and \"Oklahoma\" (which has been the official state song of Oklahoma since 1953) from Oklahoma!; \"Some Enchanted Evening\", from South Pacific; \"Getting to Know You\" and \"Shall We Dance\" from The King and I; and the title song as well as \"Climb Ev'ry Mountain\" from The Sound of Music.", "The Sound of Music , Rodgers and Hammerstein's last work together, told the story of the von Trapp family. Starring Mary Martin as Maria and Theodore Bikel as Captain von Trapp, it opened on Broadway at the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre on November 16, 1959, garnering much praise and numerous awards. It has been frequently revived ever since. The show was made into a film in 1965 starring Julie Andrews as Maria and Christopher Plummer as the Captain. It won five Oscars, including best picture and best director, Robert Wise . Hammerstein died in August 1960, before the film was made. So when Rodgers wrote two extra songs for the film, he wrote the lyrics as well. The Sound of Music probably contains more hit songs than any other Rodgers and Hammerstein musical, likely due to the phenomenal success of the film version. It was the most financially successful film adaptation of a Broadway musical ever made. It also contained many memorable songs, including the title song , \" Do-Re-Mi \", \" My Favorite Things \", \" Climb Ev'ry Mountain \" \"So Long, Farewell\", \"Sixteen Going on Seventeen\", and \" Edelweiss .\"", "Hammerstein, the grandson and namesake of an operatic impresario, also participated in the Varsity Show during his undergraduate years at Columbia College. After a year at Columbia Law School, he went on to fame as a librettist for operettas composed by Rudolph Firml (Rose Marie), Sigmund Romberg (Desert Song), and George Gershwin (Song of the Flame). Hammerstein had a successful career before beginning his partnership with Rodgers. He collaborated with Jerome Kern on eight musicals, most notably Show Boat (1927), and wrote the book and lyrics for Carmen Jones, the 1943 all-black version of Georges Bizetï¿½s opera Carmen.", "o Rogers and Hammerstien appear on the 1 st Ed Sullivan broadcast • 1956 My Fair Lady by Lerner and Loewe based on Shaw’s social critique Pygmalion starring Julie Andrews • 1957 West Side Story music by Leonard Bernstein and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim. Directed and Choreographed by Jerome Robbins • 1958 Flower Drum Song by Rogers and Hammerstein. Directed by Gene Kelly • 1959 Sound of Music by Rogers and Hammerstein o “Edelweiss” the last song they wrote together o Hammerstein died of cancer and London’s West End and Broadway dimmed their lights.", "\"The Sound of Music\" is a Rodgers and Hammerstein musical, made into a celebrated movie in 1965 starring Julie Andrews and Christopher Plummer. The musical is based on \"The Story of the Trapp Family Singers\", a memoir by Maria von Trapp. The von Trapp family ended up in Stowe, Vermont after the war, and one family descended from the Vermont von Trapps lives here in the same town in which I live in California.", "Rodgers & Hammerstein: The Complete Broadway Musicals is comprised of classic shows which include Oklahama!, The King and I, South Pacific, Carousel and probably the most famous musical of all time, The Sound of Music. Of these, several made appearances on the Billboard charts. Rodgers & Hammerstein: The Complete Broadway Musicals features many original cast performances from legendary Broadway stars such as Julie Andrews, Kaye Ballard, Laura Benanti, Yul Brynner, Liz Callaway, Christine Ebersole, Ezio Pinza, Mary Martin, Audra McDonald, Jerry Orbach, John Raitt, Patrick Wilson, among others.", "Happy Birthday Richard Rodgers! To celebrate, we are proud to share with you this exclusive track, Rodgers' own \"I Have Confidence\" from The Sound of Music, performed by Sierra Boggess from the upcoming album, RODGERS & HAMMERSTEIN AT THE MOVIES, featuring John Wilson and The John Wilson Orchestra.", "Hammerstein, a co-writer of the popular Rudolf Friml 1924 operetta Rose-Marie , and Sigmund Romberg operettas The Desert Song (1926) and The New Moon (1928), began a successful collaboration with composer Jerome Kern on Sunny (1925), which was a hit. Their 1927 musical Show Boat is considered to be one of the masterpieces of the American musical theatre. [3] Other Hammerstein/Kern collaborations include Sweet Adeline (1929) and Very Warm for May (1939). Although the last of these was panned by critics, it contains one of Kern and Hammerstein's best-loved songs, \" All the Things You Are \". [4]", "When the musical, retitled “Oklahoma!,” opened on Broadway on March 31, 1943, it was an enormous success, both critically and popularly. “Oklahoma!” ran for 2,212 performances in its initial Broadway engagement, and in 1944 it received a special Pulitzer Prize. The team of Rodgers and Hammerstein was a success. They produced their own work and promising works by other artists and at one time had five of the highest grossing shows running at the same time on Broadway. They followed up their success with collaborations on “Carousel” (1945), “Allegro” (1947), “South Pacific” (1949), “The King and I” (1951), “Me and Juliet” (1953), “Pipe Dream” (1955), “Flower Drum Song” (1958), and “The Sound of Music” (1959), for which Howard Lindsay and Russell Crouse wrote the book, Rodgers composed the score, and Hammerstein wrote the lyrics. “South Pacific” won the Pulitzer Prize in 1950. “South Pacific”, “The King and I,” and “The Sound of Music” all won Tony awards for best musical. Most of the Rodgers and Hammerstein musicals have been adapted for the screen, with the greatest success going to OKLAHOMA! and THE SOUND OF MUSIC.", "The pair made a rare feature film appearance in MGM's 1953 production Main Street to Broadway , in which Rodgers played the piano and Hammerstein sang a song they had written. [10] They also appeared in the trailer for the film version of South Pacific in 1958.[citation needed]", "The pair made a rare feature film appearance in MGM's 1953 production Main Street to Broadway, in which Rodgers played the piano and Hammerstein sang a song they had written. They also appeared in the trailer for the film version of South Pacific in 1958.", "Throughout the next forty years, Hammerstein teamed with many other composers, including Jerome Kern, with whom Hammerstein enjoyed a highly successful collaboration. In 1927, Kern and Hammerstein had their biggest hit, Show Boat, which is often revived and is still considered one of the masterpieces of the American musical theatre. \"Here we come to a completely new genre — the musical play as distinguished from musical comedy. Now ... the play was the thing, and everything else was subservient to that play. Now ... came complete integration of song, humor and production numbers into a single and inextricable artistic entity.\" Many years later, Hammerstein's wife Dorothy bristled when she heard a remark that Jerome Kern had written \"Ol' Man River.\" \"Indeed not,\" she retorted. \"Jerome Kern wrote 'dum, dum, dum-dum.' My husband wrote 'Ol' Man River'.\" ", "Following Wildflower, Hammerstein had the opportunity to work with famous composers, such as Jerome Kern, Rudolph Friml, and Irving Berlin. Through collaborations with these composers Hammerstein won fame and popularity for shows like Rose-Marie, Desert Song, and New Moon. Hammerstein and Kern paired up and wrote several successful musicals over the next decade; the most famous was Show Boat. The dramatic content was strong, and the music gave it a deeper meaning. According to PBS, “Show Boat firmly established Oscar’s success and reputation as a writer and lyricist.” This was the first modern American musical play, and it was accepted instantly by Americans at its world premiere in Washington, D.C. on November 15, 1927. Hammerstein was ecstatic. (Click here to hear a radio essay about Show Boat, part of National Public Radio’s series on the 100 most important musical works of the twentieth century. The file requires Real Player to run.)", "Hammerstein, a co-writer of the popular Rudolf Friml 1924 operetta Rose-Marie, and Sigmund Romberg operettas The Desert Song (1926) and The New Moon (1928), began a successful collaboration with composer Jerome Kern on Sunny (1925), which was a hit. Their 1927 musical Show Boat is considered to be one of the masterpieces of the American musical theatre. Other Hammerstein/Kern collaborations include Sweet Adeline (1929) and Very Warm for May (1939). Although the last of these was panned by critics, it contains one of Kern and Hammerstein's best-loved songs, \"All the Things You Are\". ", "Sigmund Romberg (the operettas The Student Prince, The Desert Song, The New Moon), Fritz Loewe of Lerner-Loewe (the perfect musical: My Fair Lady), Frank Loesser (Guys and Dolls), Arthur Schwartz (The Band Wagon), Jerry Herman (Hello, Dolly!), Harvey Schmidt (the long-running The Fantasticks), Charles Strouse (Bye Bye Birdie, Golden Boy, Applause, Annie, the opera Nightingale), Galt MacDermot (Hair), Jerry Bock (Fiddler On The Roof), Marvin Hamlisch (Chorus Line), Stephen Schwartz (Godspell, Pippin, Wicked), Claude-Michel Schonberg (Miss Saigon, Les Mis), John Kander (Cabaret, Chicago), Jule Styne (Gypsy, Funny Girl), Andrew Lloyd Webber (Jesus Christ Superstar, Cats, Evita, The Phantom Of The Opera), Alan Menken (Little Shop Of Horrors and the Disney movie musicals The Little Mermaid, Beauty and the Beast, Aladdin, Pocahontas). ", "Al Hoffman , songwriter, musician and member of the Songwriter's Hall Of Fame; a hit songwriter active in the 1930s-1950s, responsible for many number one hits through each decade, many of which are still sung and recorded today. His songs include all the songs from Disney's Cinderella including \"A Dream Is a Wish Your Heart Makes\" and \"Bibbidi-Bobbidi-Boo\" (written with fellow Jewish songwriters Mack David and Jerry Livingston ), and \"Mairzy Doats\" and were recorded by almost every star of that era including Frank Sinatra (\"Close To You\", \"I'm Gonna Live Until I Die\"), Billy Eckstine (\"I Apologize\") Perry Como (\"Papa Loves Mambo\", \"Hot Diggity\"), Ella Fitzgerald, and Louis Armstrong (\"Who Walks In When I Walk Out\")", "Few American lyricists have experienced the sustained success of Alan and Marilyn Bergman. Married for over 60 years and writing music together for over 50, the duo has created themes to numerous acclaimed TV shows, musicals, and films. Their original compositions have been sung by the likes of Frank Sinatra, Rosemary Clooney, Tony Bennett, and Fred Astaire. Alan and Marilyn have won three Academy Awards for Best Original Song, including for 1974’s “The Way We Were\" made famous by Barbra Streisand. It was ranked No. 8 on AFI's list of the top 100 greatest songs in American cinema. In 1980 they were inducted together into the Songwriters' Hall of Fame.", "Ira Gershwin (December 6, 1896 August 17, 1983) was an American lyricist who collaborated with his younger brother, composer George Gershwin, to create some of the most memorable songs of the 20th century. ", "in 2012 - Richard Adler dies at age 90. American Tony Award-winning producer, lyricist and composer, born in New York City; after his Navy service he began his career as a lyricist, teaming up with Jerry Ross in 1950. As a duo they worked in tandem, both taking credit for lyrics and music. Their first notable composition was the song Rags to Riches, a No.1 for Tony Bennett in late 1953. At that same time they began their career in the Broadway Theatre with John Murray Anderson's Almanac, for which they provided most of the songs.", "Ira Gershwin (6 December 1896 ï¿½ 17 August 1983) was an American lyricist who collaborated with his younger brother, composer George Gershwin, to create some of the most memorable songs of the 20th century. With George he wrote more than a dozen Broadway shows, featuring songs such as \"I Got Rhythm,\" \"Embraceable You,\" \"The Man I Love\" and \"Someone to Watch Over Me,\" and the opera Porgy and Bess. The success the brothers had with their collaborative works has often overshadowed the creative role that Ira played. However, his mastery of songwriting continued after the early death of George; and he wrote further hit songs with composers Jerome Kern (\"Long Ago (And Far Away)\", Kurt Weill and Harold Arlen. His critically-acclaimed book Lyrics on Several Occasions of 1959, an amalgam of..." ]	[ 6.90234375, 5.62890625, 5.62109375, 2.962890625, 2.8984375, 2.150390625, 2.021484375, 1.2451171875, 0.74560546875, 0.53759765625, 0.2783203125, -0.056671142578125, -0.31787109375, -1.4873046875, -2.158203125, -2.736328125, -2.779296875, -3.185546875, -3.349609375, -3.66015625, -3.759765625, -3.8125, -4.8671875, -4.9609375, -4.984375, -5.93359375, -6.296875, -7.27734375, -7.453125, -7.75390625, -7.93359375, -8.1171875 ]
Which country's national symbol is a Lotus flower?	[ "National Flower LOTUS Lotus (Nelumbo Nucipera Gaertn) is the National Flower of India. It is a sacred flower and occupies a unique position in the art and mythology of ancient India and has been an auspicious symbol of Indian culture since time immemorial.", "Lotus (Nelumbo Nucifera Gaertn) is the National Flower of India. It is a sacred flower and occupies a unique position in the art and mythology of ancient India and has been an auspicious symbol of Indian culture since time immemorial.", "Lotus (Nelumbo Nucipera Gaertn) is the National Flower of India. It is a sacred flower and occupies a unique position in the art and mythology of ancient India and has been an auspicious symbol of Indian culture since time immemorial.", "The Lotus, the national flower of India, is a symbol of supreme reality. Hindu religion and mythology portray goddess Saraswathi, the muse of learning, as being seated on a lotus flower. To the Indian psyche, the lotus is more than a flower – it represents both beauty and non-attachment. There is a saying that although it grows in mud, it smells of myrrh. Toru Dutt in her sonnet “The Lotus” addresses the flower as the “queenliest flower that blows.”", "The national flower of a country should tie in with the culture, history and heritage of a nation. It is meant to reinforce the country’s image to the world and play a part in upholding the qualities that the nation holds true. The national flower of India is Lotus. It is an aquatic herb that is often termed as ‘Padma’ in Sanskrit and enjoys a sacred status among the Indian culture. It has been an integral part of the Indian culture from time immemorial. A prominent feature of the Indian mythology, the lotus is one with the Indian identity and represents the core values of Indian psyche. ", "But there are arguments why the lotus could not be officially declared as of yet . One point of discussion surrounds on the flower’s religious association. For one thing, lotus is a symbol of Buddhism and of Hinduism. Within both religious schools it is taught that the lotus flower is a symbol for awakening to the spiritual reality of life. Despite that, people like Le Van Lan, a national historian, would still prefer lotus as Vietnam’s national flower because of how it strongly reflect the Vietnamese people’s simplicity, honesty, bravery and resilience.", "The Lotus Flower symbolizes divinity, fertility, wealth, knowledge and enlightenment. It is also regarded as a symbol of triumph as it can survive to regerminate for thousands of years. Lotus represents long life, honor, and good fortune. Untouched by the impurity despite growing in mud, the flower is also meant to symbolize the purity of heart and mind. It holds additional significance for Hindus, as it is regarded as the symbol of many Gods and Goddesses and is often used in religious practices. It was because of these noble meanings and cultural significance that made the founding fathers of modern India enshrine the lotus in the Constitution as the National Flower.", "National Flower of India - Lotus - The glory of being the National Flower of India goes to 'Lotus' or the water lily, an aquatic plant of Nymphaea family. The big attractive pink flowers have symmetrically arranged petals and broad floating that impart the sense of serenity and beauty. They are considered quite sacred by the Hindus, a major section of the Indian population and are thus have many legends, religious mythology and folklores surrounding them. It is said to represent long life, honor, good fortune and triumph. Lotus can live both in fresh shallow waters and in muddy swamps and can re-germinate for thousands of years symbolizing survival and purity of heart, mind and soul in all conditions.", "A Lotus Flower. This is a symbol of the sun, of creation and rebirth. Because at night the flower closes and sinks underwater, at dawn it rises and opens again. According to one creation myth it was a giant lotus which first rose out of the watery chaos at the beginning of time. From this giant lotus the sun itself rose on the first day. A symbol of Upper Egypt.", "The national emblem of Sri Lanka was adopted in 1972. It features a golden lion in the center, surrounded by petals of gold representing the Blue Lotus flower.", "The people of Viet Nam regard the Lotus as one of the four graceful flowers and plants, along with the pine, bamboo, and chrysanthemum. Known as the ‘flower of the dawn’, the Lotus is found throughout the country at lakes and ponds. To the Vietnamese, the lotus is the symbol of purity, commitment and optimism for the future. The elegance of the lotus is often cited in the Vietnamese folk songs and poems. ", "For the Buddhists, Lotus symbolizes the most exalted state of man - his head held high, pure and undefiled in the sun, his feet rooted in the world of experience. For the Buddhist, the Lotus flower symbolizes the Buddha. In Bodh Gaya, in Northern India where Buddha is said to have attained enlightenment, there is a raised platform, which is a part of the Mahabodhi temple complex. This is called the Jewel Promenade Shrine. This structure marks the place where the Buddha is supposed to have paced to and fro in meditation. Legend has it that wherever he stepped, a Lotus flower (a symbol of knowledge) sprang up and this is depicted through the 18 lotus flowers carved on the platform.", "Native to eastern Asia and Australia, the lotus is widely cultivated for its fragrant pink or white flowers. It is sometimes called the Indian lotus or the sacred lotus, and it is also known in Egypt and in Africa as the white lotus, the Egyptian water lily and the white lily.", "In Indian or Hindu mythology, the lotus flower is revered because it produces a beautiful and fragrant flower even as its roots are in turbid waters. The lotus is also one of eight auspicious symbols that correspond to the Buddhist eight-fold path of enlightenment. As its petals unfold in the morning, Buddhists believe that the divine also unfolds within the soul. All of these attributes make the lotus a symbol of purity, enlightenment and resurrection.", "Nepal, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked sovereign state located in South Asia. The national symbols of Nepal are:", "For detailed information and pictures of each country's national flower, click on the country name. You can also find the symbolism or the meaning of flowers . Lily , Tulips and Iris serve as National Flowers of various countries.", "The 1987 regime change in Tunisia and the Tunisian Revolution of 2011 are both called \"Jasmine revolutions\" in reference to the flower. Jasmine flowers were also used as a symbol during the 2011 Chinese pro-democracy protests in the People's Republic of China. In Syria, jasmine is the symbolic flower of Damascus, and in Thailand, jasmine flowers are a symbol for motherhood.", "Bhutan's flag has a dragon on it. It is called the Thunder Dragon, which is the symbol of the nation. Kenya's flag has a shield on it, representing the courage of the Masai warriors. The flag of Cyprus has an outline of the country on it. Cambodia's flag has Angkor Wat on it, a popular historical attraction.", "National Emblem: It is a circle inside which are two crossed vajras placed over a lotus circled by a dragon on each side. The wish-fulfilling jewel is located above them. There are four jewels inside the circle where the two vajras intersect. They symbolize the spiritual and secular traditions of the country based on the spiritual undertakings of Vajrayana Buddhism. The lotus represents purity; the wish-fulfilling jewel is the sovereign power of the people and the two dragons, the name of the Kingdom.", "The national emblem of Bangladesh was adopted shortly after independence in 1971. Located on the emblem is a water lily, the country's national flower, and is representative of the many rivers that run through Bangladesh. The four stars represent the four founding principles that were originally enshrined in the first constitution of Bangladesh in 1972: nationalism, secularism, socialism, and democracy. The emblem is not very similar to the national symbol of any other country, even if the Seeblatt common in European continental heraldry have the same botanical origin as the flower of the water lily here depicted.", "The white water lily is the national flower of Bangladesh and State flower for Andhra Pradesh, India. The blue waterlily is the national flower of Sri Lanka. It is also the birth flower for July.", "The national flag of Nepal () is the world's only non-quadrilateral national flag. The flag is a simplified combination of two single pennons, the vexillological word for a pennant. Its crimson red is the colour of the rhododendron, the country's national flower. Red is also the sign of victory in war. The blue border is the colour of peace. Until 1962, the flag's emblems, the sun and the crescent moon, had human faces. They were removed to modernize the flag.", "The rose of Sharon, or Hibiscus, is the national flower of Korea. Its beauty is said to reflect the glory and success of the Korean people while its hardiness speaks to their ability to persevere. The flower's name in Korean is Mugunghwa meaning \"immortal flower\". This flower holds special meaning for the many Canadians who served during the Korean War .", "Many deities of Asian religions are depicted as seated on a lotus flower. In Buddhist symbolism, the lotus represents purity of the body, speech, and mind as if floating above the muddy waters of attachment and desire. According to legend, Gautama Buddha was born with the ability to walk, and lotus flowers bloomed everywhere he stepped. In Christianity, the St. Thomas Cross features a lotus underneath a cross.", "In Buddhist symbolism the lotus is symbolic of purity of the body, speech, and mind as while rooted in the mud, its flowers blossom on long stalks as if floating above the muddy waters of attachment and desire. It is also symbolic of detachment as drops of water easily slide off its petals. [ 40 ]", "A lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars on a green field", "No flower has been officially declared as a national symbol. Unofficially the rose and the orchid are claimed to hold that title. ", "�The national flag is half yellow and half red. The yellow spreads from the summit to the base and forms the fluttering end. His Majesty, the Dharma King is the summit and root of the Drukpa Kagyud of the Palden Drukpa. As he wears the yellow robe [scarf], the yellow represents the being of His Majesty. The significance of red is that the Kingdom of Kagyud Palden Drukpa is governed from the foot of the Dharma King His Majesty consistent with dual monastic and civil systems, and therefore the country's entire borders and centre is consistent with the teachings (Dharma). The red and yellow fields are adjoined. The dragon spreads equally over them. This signifies that the people are united in oneness of speech and mind in upholding the Kingdom's interest. The dragon symbolizes that in the eyes of Palden Drukpa, there is no discrimination against people of any disposition, and that they are being governed toward peace and prosperity.\"", "National Flowers are symbols representing a country. Some national flowers have cultural or religious roots that go back hundreds or even thousands of years and may or may not have been officially adopted.", "A national symbol is a faunal, floral, or other abstract representation - or some distinctive object - that over time has come to be closely identified with a country or entity. Not all countries have national symbols; a few countries have more than one.", "The lotus is seen extensively in Buddhist art, where Buddha images are typically positioned on a lotus usually a double lotus with petals facing both up and down. The protrusion sometimes found on the Buddha's head is also portrayed as a lotus.", ". This is the three-headed Erawan elephant national symbol from Hindu mythology of the 14th century kingdom whose name translates to \"Land of the Million Elephants and the White Parasol.\" This Laotian image is the most popular theme among the Trail leaflets and there are over a dozen different types with various surrender messages. The" ]	[ 7.0859375, 6.71875, 6.6953125, 5.54296875, 4.55078125, 3.744140625, 3.294921875, 3.025390625, 3.0234375, 2.974609375, 0.87109375, -0.119873046875, -0.98876953125, -2.3359375, -3.068359375, -3.13671875, -3.15625, -3.1953125, -3.40234375, -3.568359375, -3.751953125, -4.171875, -4.37890625, -4.43359375, -4.640625, -5.2265625, -6.51171875, -6.5859375, -6.80078125, -6.80859375, -6.9453125, -7.33203125 ]
In which month is St Andrew's Day?	[ "St. Andrew's Day is the feast day of Saint Andrew. It is celebrated on the 30th of November.", "St. Andrew’s Day is the feast day of Saint Andrew. It is celebrated on 30 November.", "St. Andrew's Day is celebrated on November 30th each year, the traditional date of St. Andrew's martyrdom in Greece. The holiday is important for all liturgical Christians, as the beginning of Advent is set at the Sunday closest to St. Andrew's Day.", "St. Andrew’s Day is the feast day of Saint Andrew. It is celebrated on 30 November. Saint Andrew is the patron saint The University of St Andrews gives the day for all the students as a free holiday. In parts of Germany, Austria, the Czech Republic", "Saint Andrew is the Patron Saint of Scotland, and St. Andrew's Day is celebrated by Scots around the world on the 30th November. The flag of Scotland is the Cross of St. Andrew, and this is widely displayed as a symbol of national identity.", "Saint Andrew is the Patron Saint of Scotland, and St. Andrew’s Day is celebrated by Scots around the world on the 30th November. The flag of Scotland is the Cross of St. Andrew, and this is widely displayed as a symbol of national identity.", "November 5th has long been celebrated as the anniversary of the capture of Guy Fawkes. Remembrance Day is marked by the Cenotaph ceremony. The last day of November is celebrated as St Andrew’s Day.", "The patron saint of Ireland (St Patrick), England (St George), Wales (St David), and Scotland (St Andrew), are celebrated annually; Saint David's Day on 1 March, Saint Patrick's Day on 17 March, St George's Day on 23 April, and St. Andrew's Day on 30 November. ", "ST Andrew’s Day is Scotland’s official national day and is celebrated annually on November Parliament declared St Andrew’s Day – or the feast of Saint Andrew – a bank holiday. If November 30 falls on a weekend then the following Monday", "St Andrew's Day barely made it into a printed diary entry in the old days. Then in 2006 the Scottish Parliament voted that it could be a holiday that could be swapped with any of the other Scottish public holidays. Unhappily, 30 November, St Andrew’s Day, isn’t at the best time of the year or taking holidays in Scotland, as it’s usually dreich, and the days are short. If only Andrew could have had a day in May or June…", "And Scots really do celebrate: it’s become at least as visible a national day in Scotland as St Andrews Day, which falls on November 30. Since 1801, when a small gathering of his friends was held in July – on the fifth anniversary of the poet’s", "This most recent Saturday, November 30, was St. Andrew’s Day—a holiday celebrated worldwide but most especially in Scotland, as St. Andrew is the patron saint of Scotland. With a lot of excitement and a bit of confusion, my friends and I talked up the holiday the few days before and made plans to celebrate all day on Saturday.", "Scotland celebrates St. Andrews Day, its official national day, on 30 November. Since 2006 it has been an official bank holiday.", "1000+ images about November 30: St. Andrew's Day on Pinterest \| St andrews, Andrew the apostle and Patron saints", "Although St Andrew has been the patron saint of Scotland since a Pictish victory in a battle in 747AD, for many years 30 November was not a recognised public holiday in Scotland. Indeed, St Andrew's night is celebrated more by expatriate Scots around the world. However, in 2006, the Scottish Parliament passed the St. Andrew's Day Bank Holiday (Scotland) Act 2007, which designated the Day as an official bank holiday. Even so, it was left to individual businesses to negotiate whether to give up another holiday in favour of St Andrew's Day. As the end of November is not a time when good weather might be expected, few companies have adopted it.", "Join Scots in celebrating with a traditional meal of haggis, neeps and tatties Google celebrated St. Andrew’s Day, Scotland’s national day, on Nov. 30 with a brand new Google Doodle. The day marks the feast of or Cross of St. Andrews is flown", "An erudite UK citizen would know that St George's Day is 23rd of April, and that St Patrick's Day is 17th of March. Even an average UK citizen would guess that St George's Day is April the twenty something, or that St Patrick's day falls on the 13th, 15th, or 17th of April. My point is the average UK citizen has no idea when St Andrew's Day falls.", "November 30 The Feast Day of Saint Andrew, patron saint of Scotland as well as Greece, Russia, and Romania. Andrew, a Hebrew fisherman like his brother Simon Peter, was the first disciple of Jesus and is also the patron saint of fishermen.", "March 10 – St Kessoc Day. St Kessoc was the patron saint of Scotland prior to the adoption of St Andrew", "In Serbian, St George's Day is called Đurđevdan (Cyrillic: Ђурђевдан) and is celebrated on 6 May every year, as the Serbian Orthodox Church uses the Julian, Old Style calendar. St George's Day is one of the most common Slavas (family patron day) among the Serbs. Đurđevdan is also celebrated by both Orthodox and Muslim Romani and Muslim Gorani. Đurđevdan is celebrated, especially, in the areas of Raška in Serbia. Apart from being the Slava of many families, St George's Day is marked by morning picnics, music, and folk dances.", "St George’s Day commemorates the life of St George, a Roman soldier and Christian martyr. St George’s Day is a provincial holiday in Newfoundland and Labrador in Canada. It is observed on the Monday closest to April 23 each year.", "Today (i.e. 24th August) is customarily celebrated throughout western Christendom as St Bartholomew’s Day, commemorating the Apostle usually identified as Nathanael. Early church historians such as Eusebius relate that Bartholomew carried out a mission in India, which, given the then flourishing spice trade routes across the Arabian Sea might not be as fanciful as it sounds. The origins of Christianity in India are still shrouded in mystery, and likely to remain so. Of course, the Apostle Thomas is also connected with mission to India.", "St. Andrew's Day marks the martyrdom of the apostle Andrew, brother to Saint Peter, and is especially associated with Scottish identity.", "St Andrew's Day was traditionally celebrated more abroad than at home. It is not a national holiday in Scotland. In fact, in 2004, only about 1/4 of Scots actually knew when the day was. Only in 1996 did St Andrew's, Scotland start holding a St Andrew's week, with music contests, fiddlers, dancing, porridge-making contests and fireworks. The Scottish government is now using the day to promote Scottish culture and trade.", "Saint Andrew is the patron saint of Cyprus, Scotland, Greece, Romania, Russia, Ukraine, Bulgaria, the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, San Andres Island, Colombia and Saint Andrew, Barbados.", "Many countries other than Scotland also celebrate Saint Andrew's Day. It is celebrated in Romania with traditions such as caroling and special baptisms. Saint Andrew is said to have been the first to preach Christianity in the region that is now Romania.", "WHY is St Andrew Scotland’s patron saint? When did we start celebrating St Andrew’s Day? And where else is the day celebrated? Learn the answers in our St Andrew’s Day guide.", "\"So St Andrew's and St Patrick's Day celebrations reflect the assertion of an identity distinct from the dominant English identity. It is not clear whom the English define themselves against, or in comparison to. Once upon a time it would have been Catholic Europe, while more recently on parts of the right it has been against immigrants with a different culture.”", "Biography of St. Andrew St. Andrew Cathedrals Patronage of St. Andrew St. Andrew Medals Feast Day of St. Andrew St. Andrew's Cross Prayers to St. Andrew Pictures About Me", "The day after Christmas has long been known in English by the curious name ‘Boxing Day’. In Scots in earlier times this day was formerly known as ‘Childermes’ in honour of Holy Innocents Day, but this feast ceased to be celebrated after Scotland became Calvinist.", "Is St Andrew’s Day a public holiday in Scotland and how is the patron saint being celebrated?", "Compared to the other parts of the United Kingdom, St George seems to fare rather badly in terms of recognition of his national day. In England it is barely acknowledged even though the national saint's days are holidays in Scotland and Northern Ireland. Most English people would struggle to recall even the date of St. George's Day" ]	[ 5.3359375, 5.0390625, 4.71875, 4.3984375, 3.857421875, 3.84375, 3.478515625, 3.345703125, 3.26171875, 3.22265625, 2.92578125, 2.86328125, 2.669921875, 2.39453125, 1.6064453125, 1.525390625, 0.95849609375, 0.052032470703125, -1.3505859375, -3.05859375, -3.73046875, -3.736328125, -4.85546875, -5.43359375, -5.859375, -6.16015625, -7.13671875, -7.46875, -8.0390625, -8.0859375, -8.390625, -9.9765625 ]
What was the name of the character played by Richard Wilson in One Foot In The Grave?	[ "Richard Wilson OBE (born Ian Carmichael Wilson; 9 July 1936) is a Scottish actor, theatre director and broadcaster. He played Victor Meldrew in the BBC sitcom One Foot in the Grave. A later role was as Gaius, the court physician of Camelot, in the BBC drama Merlin.", "Richard Wilson (born Ian Carmichael Wilson; 9 July 1936) is a Scottish actor, theatre director and broadcaster. He played Victor Meldrew in the BBC sitcom One Foot in the Grave, although he initially turned down the part and it was almost offered to Les Dawson before Wilson changed his mind. A later role was as Gaius, the court physician of Camelot, in the BBC drama Merlin.", "Richard Wilson Actor, One Foot in the Grave Richard Wilson OBE (born Ian Carmichael Wilson; 9 July 1936) is a Scottish actor, theatre director and broadcaster. He played Victor Meldrew in the BBC sitcom One Foot in the Grave. A later role was as Gaius, the court physician of Camelot, in the BBC drama Merlin. Wilson was born in Greenock, Scotland...", "Victor Meldrew (1928-2000) is the main character in One Foot in the Grave. He appeared in every episode broadcast between 1990 and 2000. He was played by Richard Wilson", "Victor Meldrew, a man who, put simply, is annoyed by every one of life's 'challenges' and when forced to take early retirement, he suddenly has plenty of time on his hands to rage against the petty annoyances of life and the people in it. Victor (Richard Wilson) has more than his fair share of complete and total idiots causing mayhem in his life and they always seem to culminate together to form one huge, disastrous conclusion that inevitably leaves Victor uttering his most famous catchphrase; \"I don't believe it!\" His long-suffering wife, Margaret (Annette Crosby), tries her best to cope with Victor’s rantings but, at the end of the day, she knows that deep down he has a heart of gold and wouldn’t want to have him any other way. Other regular characters are neighbours, Patrick Trench (Angus Deayton) and his wife Pippa (Janine Duvitski), who always seem to be on the wrong end of a misunderstanding with Victor, 'Family' friend Mrs Warboys (Doreen Mantle), who usually adds to Victor's despair, and Nick Swainey (Owen Brenman), a kind hearted eccentric fellow next door whose bizarre antics are the only thing that makes Victor speechless. • One Foot in the Grave was written and created by David Renwick and was produced and broadcast by the BBC. • The shows theme song was written, composed and sung by ex-python Eric Idle. • The show came 10th in the 'Britain's Best Sitcom' pole in 2004.", "Richard Wilson reveals he is gay: One Foot In The Grave star aka Victor Meldrew comes out aged 76 - Mirror Online", "Richard Wilson ( One Foot In The Grave ) stars in this fairly lame ITV workplace comedy set in the world of high finance. He gamely tries his best but the scripts lack ambition and go in predictable directions.", "In 1990, Idle sang and co-wrote the theme tune to the popular British sitcom One Foot in the Grave, starring Richard Wilson.", "In the TV series One Foot in the Grave there are often references to places within Luton. The script-writer David Renwick was brought up in the town.", "David Peter Renwick (born 4 September 1951) is an English television writer, best known for creation of the sitcom One Foot in the Grave and the mystery series Jonathan Creek.", "David Stephens (Christopher Eccleston), a chartered accountant, Juliet Miller (Kerry Fox), a physician, and Alex Law (Ewan McGregor), a journalist, share a flat in Edinburgh. Needing a new flatmate, they interview several applicants in a calculatedly cruel manner to amuse themselves at the applicants' distress before finally offering the room to the mysterious Hugo (Keith Allen). Shortly after Hugo moves in, the trio find him dead in his room, with a large suitcase full of money. They agree to keep Hugo's death a secret and keep the money for themselves. They agree to bury the body in the woods after removing the hands and feet to prevent identification should it be found. They draw lots and David is given the gruesome and traumatising task of dismembering the corpse, with Juliet disposing of the parts in her hospital's incinerator. ", "In 2010, he appeared in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows - Part 1 in a background role as Dirk Cresswell in a scene at the Ministry of Magic. Between November 2012 and January 2013, Wilson took on the role of the Artilleryman in the staged musical, Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of the Worlds – The New Generation.", "in Bob Keen's “Shepherd on the Rock” (1993). He was cast as Uncle Fred in the 1993 TV miniseries “Lipstick on Your Collar,” starred as Det. Sgt. Gavin Douglas in the thriller series “Telltale” (1993) and played Chief Constable Harmsworth in two episodes of “ Between the Lines” (1993). In 1994, he starred as Len Tollit in the BBC comedy series “Once Upon a Time in the North”as well as starred in the TV films “ Dirtysomething,” with Rachel Weisz, and “Skallagrigg,” as John, both were aired as part of “Screen Two” in 1994. 1995 found roles in the films “The Big Game” (TV, as Mr. Harper), “First Knight” and “Madagascar Skin” (as Flint) as well as in the TV miniseries “The Gambling Man” (as Frank Nickle).", "Sergeant Arthur Wilson (John Le Mesurier) - diffident deputy bank manager, Captain in the Royal Artillery during World War I, of a higher social class than his superior as well as more experienced - alternatively verging on being a Cloud Cuckoo Lander at times. Was strongly implied to be having an affair with Pike's mother, with a suggestion that he might actually be the boy's father. (One episode revealed that he already had a daughter by his estranged wife.)", "Sergeant Arthur Wilson ( John Le Mesurier) - a diffident, upper-class bank clerk, Wilson was nonetheless Mainwaring's inferior in the bank and on parade; his suave, understated social superiority, public school education and handsome looks led to a certain amount of jealousy on Mainwaring's part. During World War I he fought in the Royal Artillery at Mons, Gallipoli and the Somme. In the last episode he revealed that he had been a Captain.", "Pearce has always been interested in transformation; most actors are, of course, but few are able to articulate their motivations as precisely as he is. There is something delicate about Pearce; aside from his fine features – high cheekbones and thin, slightly hard mouth – he has a natural grace, his fingers often fluttering up to his neck when he talks. He’s a protean actor, although he’s especially good at illuminating the darker sides of human nature: the ambitious, puritanical police sergeant Ed Exley in LA Confidential , his breakthrough role, or the man with no memory trying to solve his wife’s murder in Christopher Nolan’s Memento .", "* David Walmsley as Rick Macy, Kieren's best friend and romantic interest who was killed by an IED during combat in Afghanistan during his father's attempt to separate the young men, but since came back to life and now is one of the PDS sufferers. Rick's father Bill is the leader of the local militia dedicated to killing the undead and he treats Rick as if he is still alive despite everyone knowing he now has PDS. Rick has to face his feelings over his relationship with Kieren, whom he calls \"Ren\", and because Kieren killed himself after becoming separated from Rick. These feelings are made all the more complicated by his own father, Bill, who lives in denial over Rick's involvement with Kieren, as well as his status as one of the very same PDS sufferers he so wantonly persecutes.", "Dr. Richard Kimble (David Janssen), wrongly accused of murdering his wife, escapes custody while en route to Death Row and must elude police and Lt. Philip Gerard (Barry Morse), who is obsessed with his capture. Kimble must constantly relocate and change his name while he continues his quest to find the real killer, a one-armed man (Bill Raisch) he saw leave the scene of the crime. The finale was the most-watched episode of all-time until the final episode of \"MASH.\"", "^ \"Thames Valley Police – The Great Train robbery – Charlie Wilson (Charles Frederick Wilson)\". Thamesvalley.police.uk. Retrieved 20 December 2013.", " Jarrod Thomas Barkley, the eldest son, was a respected attorney. Richard Long played the role as the educated, refined and calmer of the Barkley sons who handled all of the family's legal and business affairs. While Jarrod preferred the law to settle disputes, he was known to resort to frontier justice and violence when necessary. He was briefly married in one episode only to see his new wife murdered in a memorable episode in which an enraged Jarrod tracks down the killer and is in the process of killing him with his bare hands before both his brothers Nick and Heath arrive just in time and have to physically stop him.", "RIchard Wilson (Special, in which he revisits landmarks from his life and discusses his various television roles) [XviD 2165]", "From 1979 to 1980, Eve became famous for the role of the private investigator Eddie Shoestring in Shoestring. He then went on to his first major film role in the 1979 Dracula directed by John Badham, playing Jonathan Harker, alongside Laurence Olivier.", "Richard Ramirez is a notorious serial killer, known for his brutal and terrifying track record as a criminal and murderer. This episode investigates his strange and troubled past, which included Ramirez watching a relative commit a terrible act of violence. This led to a string of increasingly degenerate crimes, eventually resulting in over a dozen deaths.moreless", "Christopher Glenn Wilson plays Timothy Draper in the Homicide episode \"Cradle to Grave\" and a DEA agent in The Wire episodes \"The Cost\" and \"The Hunt\".", "Of Corpse He's Alive : In \"Tinker, Tailor, Liar, Thief\", in attempting to cover up a murder, an MI-5 agent is forced to push the body out of a hotel window to make it look like he'd jumped.", "In the crime drama The Closer's episode Tapped Out, a character named Richard Tracy was a psychotic man who thought he was a cop.", "Wilson gets his first speaking role in 1997's Tomorrow Never Dies. Wilson acts as one of Elliot Carver's media thugs and is told to give the President a bad image. He agrees that he will, saying, \"Consider him slimed.\"", "The last of the robbers released, (after serving about one-third of his sentence)) Wilson returned to a life of crime was found shot dead at his villa in Marbella, Spain, on 24 April 1990. His murder was thought to be related to suspected cheating in drug-dealing activity. He is buried in Streatham Cemetery.", "Detective Inspector Richard Poole is a character in the crime drama television series Death in Paradise, portrayed by Ben Miller.", "The last of the robbers released, (after serving about one-third of his sentence) ) Wilson returned to a life of crime was found shot dead at his villa in Marbella, Spain, on 24 April 1990. His murder was thought to be related to suspected cheating in drug-dealing activity. He is buried in Streatham Cemetery.", "Ian Wilson (6) was a diminutive actor who appeared in Cabby, plus memorable small roles in Jack (alongside Jim Dale ), and the messenger in Cleo who has \"come hotfoot from Rome\". He also appeared, uncredited, in Constable, Regardless, and Cruising.", "Both Idris Elba and Ruth Wilson have co-starred with Dominic West : he on The Wire (2002) and she on The Affair (2014). See more »" ]	[ 8.421875, 8.2890625, 7.80859375, 6.93359375, 4.2265625, 0.67529296875, -0.68212890625, -2.26953125, -3.7109375, -3.80078125, -3.865234375, -4.3046875, -4.375, -4.91796875, -5.0390625, -5.296875, -5.5, -5.77734375, -5.86328125, -6.2421875, -6.7109375, -6.82421875, -7.29296875, -7.64453125, -7.73046875, -8.1484375, -8.25, -8.609375, -8.6484375, -8.6484375, -8.921875, -9.8984375 ]
What sport would you be playing if competing for the Harry Vardon trophy?	[ "The Vardon Trophy is awarded by the PGA of America to the PGA Tour's leader in scoring average. When the award was first given in 1937, it was awarded on the basis of a points system. No award was given from 1942–1946 due to World War II. In 1947, the PGA began awarding it for low scoring average. In 1988, the trophy began going to the golfer with the lowest adjusted scoring average over a minimum of 60 rounds, with no mid-round withdrawals (instituted in 1988 ). The trophy is named for the Jersey golfing great Harry Vardon, who died in 1937.", "The Harry Vardon Trophy is awarded by the European Tour. Since 2009 it has been awarded to the winner of the Race to Dubai. Before then it was awarded to the winner of the \"Order of Merit\". From 1975 to 2008 the Order of Merit was based on prize money but before that date a points system was used. From 1937 until the formation of the European Tour in 1972 the award was presented by the British P.G.A.. The trophy is named for the Jersey golfing great Harry Vardon, who died in 1937.", "Since 1937, the Vardon Trophy, named by the PGA of America in honor of legendary British golfer Harry Vardon, is awarded annually to the touring professional with the lowest adjusted scoring average. It is based on a minimum of 60 rounds, with no incomplete rounds, in events co-sponsored or designated by the PGA Tour. The adjusted score is computed from the average score of the field at each event.", "Harry Vardon was the first international golf celebrity, and easily one of the game's most influential players.", "Vardon began playing golf desultorily while working as a manservant for an affluent amateur golfer on the island of Jersey in the English Channel . Realizing both his own talent and the money that could be made in the game, he turned professional at age 20. He subsequently achieved dominance in the sport, winning the Open Championship (British Open) in 1896, 1898, 1899, 1903, 1911, and 1914 and the U.S. Open in 1900. The Vardon Trophy, named for him, is awarded annually by the Professional Golfers’ Association of America to the professional with the best scoring average.", "Henry William \"Harry\" Vardon (9 May 1870 – 20 March 1937) was a professional golfer from the Bailiwick of Jersey. He was a member of the fabled Great Triumvirate of the sport in his day, along with John Henry Taylor and James Braid. Vardon won The Open Championship a record six times and also won the 1900 U.S. Open. ", "Vardon introduced what is now referred to as the ‘Vardon grip,’ a way of gripping the golf club so that the little finger of the trailing hand (lowest hand on the club) is placed between the index and middle finger of the lead hand (the highest hand on the club) with the thumb of the lead hand fitting in to the lifeline of the trailing hand. He also inspired the ‘Vardon Trophy’ which is awarded each year on the PGA tour to the golfer with the lowest adjusted scoring average.", "A dozen years earlier, in February of 1900, when Harry Vardon came strolling down the ship’s gangway to begin his heavily publicized exhibition tour of America, he was greeted like a visiting head of state by a crush of reporters and photographers eager to learn everything they could about England’s most acclaimed sportsman, an elegant, gracious man who’d been nicknamed “The Greyhound” because he typically bounded ahead of competitors in tournaments and rarely yielded ground. His only rival, every British schoolboy knew, was John Henry Taylor, a quiet, dignified man from the windswept links at North Devon Golf Club, more popularly known as Westward Ho! J.H., as he was called by his friend Harry and other intimates, had won the British Open Championship twice, in 1894 and again the following year.", "The trophy was donated by Samuel Ryder, a British seed merchant, for a biennial golf competition to alternate between British and U.S. venues . The players for each side were chosen by professional golf associations. The competition has been match play, foursomes (partners taking alternate strokes) one day and singles the next; in 1963 there was added a day of four-ball play (each player plays his own ball, and each team counts only the better score on each hole). Each match is worth one point to the winning side.", "Vardon owed his success largely to new methods that revolutionized golf’s medium- and long-distance hitting techniques. The traditional style was to drive the ball at great speed and at a low angle, or trajectory, thereby achieving great distances but sacrificing any real ability to aim and control where the ball would come to a stop. Vardon, by contrast, hit the ball high in the air so that it would land at a steep angle and come to a stop quickly, without excessive bouncing and rolling. This method, along with adjustments in his stance and swing, enabled him to land the ball within quite short distances of the flagstick. Vardon became such a trendsetter that his name was adopted for the Vardon, or overlapping, grip, which he helped popularize but did not actually invent.", "Francis Ouimet It is hard to overstate the role Ouimet played in the development of golf in early 20th century America. His upset win over supernovas Harry Vardon and Ted Ray in the 1913 U.S. Open put the game on the front page of the nation’s newspapers. Ouimet was the first amateur golfer to win that championship. He also won the U.S. Amateur twice more, in 1914 and 1931. He would play on eight Walker Cup Teams and was captain in 1932, ’34, ’36, ’38, ’47 and ’49. In 1951 he became the first American elected captain of The R&A.", "On January 10, 1949 Time Magazine placed Ben Hogan on its cover based upon his incredible recent golfing accomplishments, i.e. the winner of the 1948 money title, the Vardon Trophy and PGA Tour player of the year and his consecutive wins at the Los Angeles Open in 1947 and 1948 and the 1948 US Open winner at the same venue, Riviera Country Club.", "American golfers had begun to show their prowess in 1913, when Francis Ouimet became a national hero by defeating Vardon and Edward Ray, two of the best British professionals, for the U.S. Open. Also notable was Charles (“Chick”) Evans , who was the first golfer to win the U.S. Open and Amateur in the same year (1916). But Bobby Jones has been regarded as the greatest amateur golfer of modern times. His career was brilliant from his debut in national competition in the U.S. Amateur of 1916 until his unparalleled performance in 1930 of winning all four of the world’s most difficult titles—the British Amateur, the Open Championship (British Open), the U.S. Amateur, and the U.S. Open.", "Nicklaus represented the United States against Great Britain and Ireland on winning Walker Cup teams in both 1959 and 1961, decisively winning both of his matches in each contest. On the 1959 trip to Britain, he also made his only attempt at the British Amateur, the world's oldest international amateur event, at Royal St George's Golf Club, reaching the quarterfinal round (top 8). He was also a member of the victorious 1960 U.S. Eisenhower Trophy team, winning the unofficial individual title by 13 shots over teammate Deane Beman with a four-round score of 269, a record which still stands; this score was 18 shots lower than Ben Hogan's earlier U.S. Open aggregate of 287 at the same site (which had, however, been scored under much tougher conditions). Nicklaus was named the world's top amateur golfer by Golf Digest magazine for three straight years, 1959–1961.", "Harry Vardon won the first of his record six Open Championships, a record that continues to stand until this day. He shot to international stardom in 1900 when he toured the US and Canada, playing more than 80 matches and finished it off with a victory in the U.S. Open. He only lost two matches while he was on that tour against Boston professional Ben Nicholls.", "The trophy is a ceramic replica of an ancient Greek amphora (circa 510 BCE) which depicts nude male Hellenistic athletes engaged in a variety of Athletic activities- running, discus and javelin. It measures 8\" in diameter and stands 18.5\" high (20.32 x 47 cm). The original amphorae was acquired by Sports Illustrated magazine in 1954 and was donated to the \"Sports\" collection of the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History in 1979. Winners of the award are now presented with a copy of the amphora made in silver by Tiffany & Co. ", ";Bermuda Bowl: The trophy awarded to the winner of the World Zonal Open Team Championship, the most prestigious in bridge. More commonly the term refers to the competition itself, a biennial two-week tournament among open teams that have qualified in their geographic zones.", "In 1913 Vardon had won one U.S. Open, in 1900, and five British Opens. But before his most recent British Open win, in 1911, he had not won one for eight years. He was also 43 years old and had spent quite some time way from the game while suffering from tuberculosis. The disease still made his hands twitch, and his putting suffered considerably.", "In 1899 Willie Park Junior lost a challenge match to Vardon and two days later Mr John Ball Junior and Vardon beat Mr Freddie Tait and Park 5 & 4 over 36 holes in an International Foursomes. The next significant event was the exciting 1949 Ryder Cup that was won so dramatically on the 2nd day by the United States, having trailed 3 to 1 after the foursomes. Match score 7 - 5.", "Nelson won the Vardon Trophy in 1939. He played on two Ryder Cup teams, in 1937 and 1947, and was non-playing captain in 1965. After 1946, Nelson curtailed his schedule, although he continued to make regular appearances at The Masters as a competitor, played occasional Tour events, appeared in a few overseas tournaments, and later served as a ceremonial starter for many years.", "• Lowest adjusted scoring average (68.41) for Byron Nelson Award (PGA TOUR) and Vardon Trophy (PGA of America)", "• Lowest adjusted scoring average (68.05) for Byron Nelson Award (PGA TOUR) and Vardon Trophy (PGA of America) ", "This is the third actual piece of silverware to be played for in the men’s singles competition, and the trophy has been awarded every year since 1887 after it had been purchased by the Club for 100 guineas from profits of the 1886 Championships. The previous trophy had been surrendered to William Renshaw who, having won in three successive years (1884-86), was entitled to keep his prize. Not prepared to risk losing another Cup to another consistently dominant winner, the Club made the decision that the new trophy would “never become the property of the winner”.", "In addition to a cash prize, the winner of the tournament is presented with a distinctive green jacket, formally awarded since 1949, and informally acquired by the champions for many years before that. The green sport coat is the official attire worn by members of Augusta National while on the club grounds; each Masters winner becomes an honorary member of the club. The recipient of the green jacket has it presented to him inside the Butler Cabin soon after the end of the tournament, and the presentation is then repeated outside near the 18th green in front of the spectators. Winners keep their jacket for the first year after their first victory, then return it to the club to wear whenever they visit. The tradition began in 1949, when Sam Snead won his first of three Masters titles.", "- Woods led the league with five wins. He won the money title by over $2 million. He won the Vardon Trophy for lowest adjusted scoring average.", "1949 — The U.S. Ryder Cup team pose with the treasured Ryder Cup in Ganton, England, after coming out from behind by winning six out of eight singles matches. The winning team, from left to right, front row: Skip Alexander; Jimmy Demaret; team captain Ben Hogan, holding cup; Chick Harbert and E.J. Harrison. Behind them, left to right: Lloyd Mangrum; Clayton Haefner; Ed Dudley; Sam Snead and Johnny Palmer. (AP Photo)", "In 1913, accompanied by Ted Ray, Vardon played in 45 exhibition matches winning 36 of them, and in 1920 at age 50, again accompanied by Ray, he played from July to the beginning of November in nearly 100 exhibition/challenge matches against the likes of Walter Hagen, Jim Barnes, Francis Ouimet and Bobby Jones. ", "Walker Cup — Event for amateur men between a U.S. side and a team drawn from Great Britain and Ireland.", "2. (Team Sports, other than specified) the ball used in any of these games or their variants", "English actor Stephen Dillane portrayed Vardon in director Bill Paxton's 2005 film The Greatest Game Ever Played. A book of the same name (upon which the movie was based), written by Mark Frost, goes into great detail depicting Vardon's life.", "17–20 November: Presidents Cup – The American team defeated the International team 19–15. It was the fourth consecutive win in this event for the Americans. ", "Walker Cup/Curtis Cup (USA vs. Great Britain & Ireland amateur team competitions held every two years)" ]	[ 2.650390625, 2.158203125, 2.111328125, 0.9716796875, 0.95361328125, 0.33544921875, -0.230224609375, -1.0322265625, -1.4736328125, -1.599609375, -1.779296875, -2.365234375, -2.720703125, -3.8515625, -3.87109375, -4.87109375, -5.21484375, -5.44140625, -5.75390625, -5.796875, -5.90234375, -6.00390625, -6.234375, -6.5, -6.52734375, -6.86328125, -7.72265625, -8.015625, -8.0390625, -8.7734375, -8.921875, -9.453125 ]
What name is given to a bet with four selections and comprising six doubles, four trebles and one four-fold?	[ "Yankee – this is a wager on four selections and consists of 11 separate bets: 6 doubles, 4 trebles and a fourfold accumulator.", "Lucky 15 – A Lucky 15 consists of 15 bets involving 4 selections in different events, i.e. 4 singles, 6 doubles, 4 trebles, and 1 fourfold. As a consolation if you only have one winner it will be paid at double the odds. If you get all four winners, a 10% bonus will be added to your returns.", "Yankee: A combination bet on four selections in different events adding up to eleven bets altogether: generally six doubles, four trebles and a four-fold accumulator.", "Yankee - eleven bets involving four selections in different events and comprising of one four-fold, four trebles and six doubles, with any two or three winning selections generating a return. Four winning selections generates returns from all eleven bets.", "Lucky 15 - 15 bets involving four selections in different events and comprising of one four-fold, four trebles, six doubles and four singles. Any single or any two, three or all four winning selections generates a return. Bonuses may apply subject to conditions.", "The combination bet known as a ï¿½Heinzï¿½ covers six selections with 57 separate betsï¿½15 doubles, 20 trebles, 15 four-fold accumulators, 6 five-fold accumulators and one six-fold accumulator. The ï¿½Super Heinzï¿½ is made up of 120 bets covering seven selections in different events. It consists of 21 doubles, 35 trebles, 35 four-fold accumulators, 21 five-fold accumulators, seven six-fold accumulators and one seven-fold accumulator. In both instances, at least two selections must succeed in order for a return to be received.", "When combination bets include all possible combinations of doubles, trebles and accumulators for a given number of selections, such as those named above, they are referred to collectively as ï¿½full cover bets.ï¿½ When they also include all possible singles, they are known as ï¿½full cover bets with singles.ï¿½", "Hereï¿½s where combination betting shows its true advantage. It allows a singles, doubles, trebles and other accumulators to be wagered upon as group. One of the most popular combination bets is a ï¿½Trixie.ï¿½ It consists of four wagers on three selections in different events, including three doubles and one trebleï¿½AB, AC, BC and ABC. If at least two of the selections succeed, the bettor will receive a return.", "Multiples: Another term for Accumulators. Multiple bets involve more than one selection. Double and trebles are popular wagers for football match betting. A double is one bet involving two selections in different events, both of which must be successful for the bet to win. The odds for a double are calculated by multiplying together the separate odds for the two single bets. Accumulators contain 4 or more selections. Often, the only limit to the number of selections included within an accumulator bet is the bookmaker's maximum allowable payout on one bet.", "Super Heinz ï¿½ This is a wager made up of 120 bets covering seven selections in different events. It consists of 21 doubles, 35 trebles, 35 four-fold accumulators, 21 five-fold accumulators, seven six-fold accumulators and one seven-fold accumulator. At least two selections must succeed in order for a return to be received.", "Goliath: A combination of 247 bets over eight selections: 28 doubles, 56 trebles, 70 four-folds, 56 five-folds, 28 six-folds, eight seven-folds and one eight-fold accumulator.", "In Canada and the United States bettors make exotic wagers on horses running at the same track on the same program. In the United Kingdom bookmakers offer exotic wagers on horses at different tracks. Probably the Yankee occurs most commonly: in this the bettor tries to pick the winner of four races. This bet also includes subsidiary wagers on smaller combinations of the chosen horses; for example, if only two of the four horses win, the bettor still collects for their double. A Trixie requires trying to pick three winners, and a Canadian or Super Yankee trying to pick five; these also include subsidiary bets. The term nap identifies the best bet of the day, derived from the Napoleon which was the most valuable French coin at the time the phrase was first used.", "A multiple bet consisting of 57 bets (15 doubles, 20 trebles, 15 4-folds, 6 5-folds and 1 6-fold) involving 6 horses in different races.", "*Triple: the bettor must pick the winners of three successive races; like doubles, many tracks offer \"running\" or \"rolling\" triples. Also called pick three or more commonly, a treble.", "Furthermore you can bet on a combination of numbers. They are two numbers (Split), three numbers (Street), four numbers (Corner, Square) and six numbers (Line Bet).", "Pick 3, 4, 5, 6 ï¿½ In racing, a pari-mutuel wager in which the bettor must correctly identify all of the winners of a certain number of consecutive racesï¿½Pick 3, Pick 4, Pick 5, or Pick 6. At some racecourses, a carryover pool exists for Pick 6 so that any un-won funds are added to the next dayï¿½s pool.", "Patent: A combination bet on three selections adding up to seven bets in total: three singles, three doubles and a treble.", "Combination Forecast ï¿½ In racing, a full cover bet on three selections made up of six Exacta wagersï¿½AB, BA, AC, CA, BC and CBï¿½so that if any two of three selections come in first and second, a return will be received.", "A bet consisting of 10 bets (3 pairs of 'Single Stakes About' bets plus 3 doubles and 1 treble) involving three selections in different events. (US, A series of three or more teams into two-team wagers).", "Call the bet S a triple (A, r, \\xi), where A is the set of chosen numbers, r \\in \\mathbb{R}_+ is the size of the bet, and, and \\xi: \\Omega \\to \\mathbb{R} determines the return of the bet.", "A type of multi-race wager in which the winners of all the included races must be selected. Pick Three (sometimes called the \"Daily Triple\"), Pick Six and Pick Nine are common.", "Another form of Multi-bet is the Parlay which is a set number of combinations where all are required to win for you to be successful. Each Parlay has a set number of legs but when you select a Parlay, you are choosing all possible combinations of Multi-bets for that number of legs. In addition, some Parlays, also include single bets on each selection or leg.", "Quinella: An exotic type bet which requires the selection of the first two place getters regardless of order.", "Big Six - A bet that a 6 will be rolled before a 7 comes up.", "Patent - seven bets involving three selections in different events and comprising of one treble, three doubles and three single bets. Any single winning selection generates a return. Any two winning selections generates returns from one double and two singles. Three winning selections generates returns from all seven bets.", "A bet that a total of 6 will be rolled before a total of 7. This betpays even money, and has a house edge of 9.1%. A place bet on 6 pays 7:6 but isotherwise identical. The place bet is preferred, having a house edge of 1.5%", "A bet consisting of 2 bets on two selections (1 single on each selection any to come 1 single on the other selection reversed).", "A bet consisting of 2 bets on two selections (1 single on each selection any to come 1 single on the other selection reversed).", "n. A game played by betting on the order in which certain playing-cards (with reference simply to face-value) will appear when taken singly from the top of the pack.", "Any betting formulas may or may not be used. Played Like 5-card draw except for one variation:", "In Seven-card Stud, this is the fourth \"up\" card dealt to the player (their 6th card). It is also the 4th round of betting.", "In Seven Card Stud , this is the fourth \"up\" card dealt to the player (their 6th card). It is also the 4th round of Betting ." ]	[ 5.46484375, 5.06640625, 5.05859375, 3.33203125, 2.95703125, 2.0859375, 1.490234375, 1.4013671875, 0.401611328125, -0.28369140625, -0.57421875, -0.64013671875, -0.85400390625, -1.16796875, -1.251953125, -1.9501953125, -2.15234375, -2.1796875, -2.185546875, -2.1953125, -2.21484375, -2.9453125, -3.26953125, -3.76953125, -3.78125, -4.796875, -5.33984375, -5.33984375, -5.36328125, -5.484375, -5.72265625, -5.8515625 ]
What is the capital of Peru?	[ "The Capital City of Peru (officially named Republic of Peru) is the city of Lima. The population of Lima in the year 2006 was 7,819,436 (9,241,961 in the metropolitan area).", "The Republic of Peru is a large country on the west coast of South America with an area slightly smaller than that of the Northern Territory. Peru is dominated by three main geographical regions: the arid coastal area, the high mountains of the Andes running down the centre of the country, and the low tropical Amazon basin in the east. Peru borders Chile in the far south, Bolivia in the south-east, Brazil in the east and Colombia and Ecuador in the north. The name Peru is believed to have come from one of the first encounters between the Spanish and indigenous peoples of northern Peru, who when asked what the area was called said 'Virú', which was pronounced 'Peru' by the Spanish. Peru's capital is Lima.", "Lima is the capital and the largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín rivers, in the central coastal part of the country, overlooking the Pacific Ocean. Together with the seaport of Callao, it forms a contiguous urban area known as the Lima Metropolitan Area. With a population of almost 10 million, Lima is the most populous metropolitan area of Peru and the second largest city in the Americas (as defined by \"city proper\"), behind São Paulo and before Mexico City.", "Peru is a country in South America. The capital is Lima. The main religion is Christianity. The main languages are Spanish and Ketschua. Ancient Peru was the seat of several prominent Andean civilizations, most notably that of the Incas whose empire was captured by the Spanish conquistadors in 1533. Peruvian independence was declared in 1821, and remaining Spanish forces were defeated in 1824. After a dozen years of military rule, Peru returned to democratic leadership in 1980, but experienced economic problems and the growth of a violent insurgency. President Alberto FUJIMORI's election in 1990 ushered in a decade that saw a dramatic turnaround in the economy and significant progress in curtailing guerrilla activity. Nevertheless, the president's increasing reliance on authoritarian measures and an economic slump in the late 1990s generated mounting dissatisfaction with his regime, which led to his ouster in 2000. A caretaker government oversaw new elections in the spring of 2001, which ushered in Alejandro TOLEDO Manrique as the new head of government - Peru's first democratically elected president of Native American ethnicity. The presidential election of 2006 saw the return of Alan GARCIA Perez who, after a disappointing presidential term from 1985 to 1990, has overseen a robust macroeconomic performance.", "Peru is the third largest country in South America, after Brazil and Argentina . It is made up of a variety of landscapes, from mountains and beaches to deserts and rain forests. Most people live along the coast of the Pacific Ocean, where the capital, Lima, is located.", "Peru can be divided into three main cultural and physical regions. The first is the desert coast or the European-mestizo region. Secondly, there is the Andean highlands or Ameridian region, and finally the Eastern slopes and adjoining montana. Lima is the capital of Peru, and nearly 33% of the national population can be found here. Lima's population, nearly 24 million, is somewhat divided as it consists of approximately 65% Indian population and 35% non-Inca population. The fishing industry in Peru provides a major export along with cotton and sugar. The Ameridian population live off of subsistence farming and rarely get an adequate daily caloric intake. Peru has been disturbed by many guerrilla movements, but it seems to be slowly recovering. In 1995, Peru was ranked as having the fastest growing economy. The current leader of Peru is Fujimori who is of Japanese descent.", "Peru is a republic headed by a president directly elected for a five-year term. Under Peru's constitution, the president cannot stand for re-election for a consecutive term, but can do so at a later time. The legislature consists of a single 130-member chamber and can be dissolved once during a presidential term. The chamber is headed by a president whose term lasts one year. Peru is divided into 25 administrative regions and 24 geographical departments plus the constitutional province of Callao. Regions and departments are divided into provinces, which are in turn sub-divided into districts. Provincial and district-level leaders are popularly elected every four years and can be recalled by referendum. Regions hold political, economic and administrative autonomy. The metropolitan area of Lima, the capital city, is governed by a mayor, separate to the surrounding region. Congressional, provincial and municipal elections were held in April 2016.", "In 1821, after many rebellions throughout all of Latin America , Peru gained independence and maintained Lima as the country's capital. Cusco, however, was chosen as the “Archaeological Capital of South America” in recognition of its historic importance to not only Peru but the whole continent. In 1983 the city was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO .", "Callao is the largest and most important port in Peru. The city is coterminous with the Constitutional Province of Callao, the only province of the Callao Region. Callao is located west of Lima , the country's capital, and is part of the Lima Metropolitan Area, a large metropolis that concentrates almost one-third of Peru's population. Callao borders Lima Province on the north, east and south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west.", "Lima (200), capital of Peru, 6 m. inland from Callao, its port, a picturesque but somewhat shabby city, 700 ft. above the sea-level, regularly built, with many plazas; has a cathedral and 70 churches; trade is in the hands of foreigners, mostly Germans, and industries are unimportant; it was founded by Pizarro, and his bones lie buried in the cathedral.", "Peru has 234 airports, but the majority are simple airfields serving small, private planes. The principal airport is the Jorge Chavez International Airport located in Lima, with other modern airfields in the major cities. Of the total number of airports, 44 have paved runways. Jorge Chavez International Airport was privatized in February 2001 and 5 other airports, including the tourist destination Cusco are in the final stages of privatization. Peru has a series of excellent, deep-water ports. The largest port facility is in Callao, the port city adjacent to Lima. In addition to Pacific Ocean ports, the country also has 3 large river ports: Iquitos, Pucallpa, and Yurimaguas. Iquitos is located on the Amazon River, while the other 2 ports are located on major tributaries. Peru has 8,598 kilometers (5,344 miles) of navigable riverways. Lake Titicaca, located on the border with Bolivia, is the world's highest navigable lake.", "The capital of Peru lies on the Pacific Coast, and in the summer there is no doubt that it is a wonderful place to be with the golden sands being lapped by the blue waters of the sea. Just a few hundred yards away is the business center of the country, and the largest buildings in the city compete to get the best view out over the ocean.", "The city of Puno lies on the shores of Lake Titicaca, northwest of Copacabana, en route to/from Cuzco. It is the folklore capital of Peru and the site of the Feast of the Virgen de la Candelaria. Nearby sites include the spectacular Chullpas de Sillustani, a compound of impressive burial towers built by the Kolla people; Llachón, a community still preserving old customs and culture, and Pucará, known for its pre-Inca pottery and the “toritos de Pucará”, traditional clay figurines representing cattle.", "The capital city of the Incan empire was Cuzco, which was located in the Andes Mountains in today’s Peru. What is left of the Inca civilization is scattered over the highlands of the Andes. The descendants of the Inca are mostly peasants who make up about half of Peru’s population.", " In 1532, just forty years after the discovery of America, Francisco Pizarro, [29] with 310 soldiers, landed in Peru and soon afterwards overturned the empire of the Incas. In 1533 he founded the city of Lima. [30] From his military encampment sprang up palaces and a vice-regal court, churches and institutions of learning, and from this center the Spanish viceroys ruled the country now forming the republics of Peru, Chile, Bolivia, and Ecuador. Here, too, was the seat of the most important dependency of the Church of Rome in America. At the end of the sixteenth century, the city had a population of 14,637; and after another century it had 140,000, while it now has a total of 250,000. The palaces of its early days are in some instances the tenement houses of today, but a sufficient number of these palatial buildings remain in good repair to preserve some evidence of the charm of the old city.", "Trujillo is a city in coastal northwestern Peru and the capital of La Libertad Region. It is the centre of the third most populous city of the country and the second most populous metropolitan area of Peru. It is located on the banks of the Moche River, near its mouth at the Pacific Ocean, in the Moche Valley. This was a site of the great prehistoric Moche and Chimu cultures before the Inca conquest and subsequent expansion.", "The coast and coastal plains occupy a narrow strip of land between the Pacific Ocean and the western slopes of the Andes Mountains. This area extends the length of the country from the border of Ecuador to the border of Chile. This band of land, varying considerably in width, is the country's principal wealth-producing area. It contains the ocean ports, the capital city, important petroleum fields, the site of the fishing industry, and the center of the country's cultural activities. Although the region represents only about 11 percent of the total area of Peru, it contains perhaps one-third of the total population.", "The capital of the Inca Empire was Cuzco, located in the high Andes Mountains in the far south of Peru.", ", city (1993 pop. 108,724), capital of Ica region, SW Peru, on the Pan-American Highway. It is a commercial center for the cotton, wool, and wine produced in the region. There are several summer resorts nearby.", " Lima stands three hundred feet above sea level in a wide, flat valley surrounded by the foothills of the Andes. The valley is divided by the Rímac River, the waters of which are used for irrigating the gardens and parks of the city and the outlying valley lands. The city is built in the chessboard system of intersecting streets, with occasional plazas in the approved Spanish colonial style. The Plaza de Armas is the principal square of the city; it is surrounded by portals or arcades, having the government palace (Palacio de Pizarro), the cathedral, the municipal building, the new archbishop’s palace, etc., fronting on it. There are sixty-seven churches in Lima. The most historic and interesting of these is the famous cathedral, reminiscent of Seville, Spain, [31] and (next in importance to that of Mexico) [32] acknowledged to be the finest in South America. It was founded in AD 1535 by Francisco Pizarro, whose mummified body is shown sealed in a glass vault built in one of the chapels of the cathedral. Among the many monuments in Lima are the splendid equestrian statue of San Martín [33] on the Plaza San Martín, the equestrian statue of Bolívar [34] in the Parque de la Inquisición; and the Dos de Mayo monument [35] with its four figures grouped about the base, representing Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Chile, etc.", "The main square of the city is the Plaza de Armas, faced on one side by the stately Government Palace. There the changing of the palace guard takes place each day, the participants resplendent in plumed medieval helmets, white tunics, and high boots. Also facing the square are the Archbishop's Palace and the cathedral, in which the alleged remains of Francisco Pizarro lie in a glass case. Lima boasts many museums containing historical and archaeological treasures, and an important national archive.", "Cusco was the capital city of the Inca people. Meaning navel of the world, Cusco was the political, economic and cultural center of the Americas. With an empire stretching from as far as South as Argentina and up to Colombia in the North the Inca people were by far the greatest civilisation to appear in South America and they built a capital to live up to their name.", "The town of Lima , founded by Pizarro on January 18, 1535 as the \"Ciudad de Reyes\" (City of Kings), became the seat of the new viceroyalty. It grew into a powerful city, with jurisdiction over most of Spanish South America. Precious metals passed through Lima on its way to the Isthmus of Panama and from there to Seville, Spain .By the 18th century, Lima had become a distinguished and aristocratic colonial capital, seat of a university and the chief Spanish stronghold in the Americas.", "Stamp-issuing status: active; Population: 24,949,512 (1997 estimate). A republic on the west coast of South America. Peru was the center of numerous early Indian cultures. During the 14th-15th centuries, the Inca tribe, expanding from its heartland in southeastern Peru, created an empire stretching from northern Ecuador to central Chile, including Bolivia and northwestern Argentina, as well as Peru. In 1532-33, Spanish adventurers overthrew the Incas, and for three centuries, Peru was the center of Spanish power in South America. Peru became independent from Spain in 1824, although independence did little to improve the condition of the lower classes of the country. A few wealthy families, along with foreign mining interests, controlled the economic life of Peru until recent years, often ruling through military juntas. During 1968-80, Peru was ruled by a socialistic military regime, which pursued an arduous program of nationalization and social reform. This program slowed after 1976, when popular dissatisfaction with the regime's economic policies brought a new military government to power. In 1980, democratic civilian rule replaced the military dictatorship. During the 1990's, presidential powers were expanded in response to widespread drug trafficking and corruption and to better combat the long-running rebellion of the Maoist Shining Path guerrilla movement.", "The town of Lima , founded by Pizarro on January 18, 1535 as the \"Ciudad de Reyes\" (City of Kings), became the seat of the new viceroyalty. It grew into a powerful city, with jurisdiction over most of Spanish South America. Precious metals passed through Lima on its way to the Isthmus of Panama and from there to Seville, Spain . On the local level, Spanish encomenderos depended on local chieftains (curacas) to control even the most remote settlements, in a rigorous hierarchy. By the 18th century, Lima had become a distinguished and aristocratic colonial capital, seat of a university and the chief Spanish stronghold in the Americas.", "PERU’S TOURISM, MORE THAN MEETS THE EYE A rich cultural and historical heritage, amazing archaeological sites, a great biodiversity (coast, highlands, and jungle) and an ever more internationally recognized gastronomy attract each year more tourists from around the world. Today tourism contributes significantly to Peru›s revenues. In 2007 around 1.9 million foreign visitors came to Peru, in 2009 already 2.1 million visited, in 2010 2.2 million and in 2011 over 2.5 million paid the Land of the Incas a visit. And for 2014 Peru expects around 3 million tourist. Peru is one of very few countries whose inventory of tourism resources includes every type recognized by world tourism specialists: Natural locations, with a variety of eco-systems and a high degree of biodiversity in world terms; it is one the few countries in the world that can offer the traveler sun and beaches, snow sports, and adventure in the tropical jungle at any time of year. Historical structures show the signs of civilization from Paleolithic times through various stages of Andean cultures until they reached their prime in the grand buildings of the Incas. Folklore, with expressions of dance, music, gastronomy and crafts that are unique to each one of the regions. No wonder. Even though many foreign tourists mainly come to Peru to visit the archaeological site of Machu Picchu, there are many more that slowly become known, such as Caral, Chavin de Huantar, the Kuélap Fortress, Lord of Sipan and the Nazca Lines.", "Ancient Peru was the seat of several prominent Andean civilizations, most notably that of the Incas whose empire was captured by the Spanish conquistadors in 1533. Peruvian independence was declared in 1821, and remaining Spanish forces defeated in 1824. After a dozen years of military rule, Peru returned to democratic leadership in 1980, but experienced economic problems and the growth of a violent insurgency. President Alberto FUJIMORI's election in 1990 ushered in a decade that saw a dramatic turnaround in the economy and significant progress in curtailing guerrilla activity. Nevertheless, the president's increasing reliance on authoritarian measures and an economic slump in the late 1990s generated mounting dissatisfaction with his regime. FUJIMORI won reelection to a third term in the spring of 2000, but international pressure and corruption scandals led to his ouster by Congress in November of that year. A caretaker government oversaw new elections in the spring of 2001, which ushered in Alejandro TOLEDO as the new head of government; his presidency has been hampered by allegations of corruption.", "Ancient Peru was the seat of several prominent Andean civilizations, most notably that of the Incas whose empire was captured by the Spanish conquistadors in 1533. Peruvian independence was declared in 1821, and remaining Spanish forces defeated in 1824. After a dozen years of military rule, Peru returned to democratic leadership in 1980, but experienced economic problems and the growth of a violent insurgency. President Alberto FUJIMORI's election in 1990 ushered in a decade that saw a dramatic turnaround in the economy and significant progress in curtailing guerrilla activity. Nevertheless, the president's increasing reliance on authoritarian measures and an economic slump in the late 1990s generated mounting dissatisfaction with his regime, which led to his ouster in 2000. A caretaker government oversaw new elections in the spring of 2001, which ushered in Alejandro TOLEDO Manrique as the new head of government - Peru's first democratically elected president of Native American ethnicity. The presidential election of 2006 saw the return of Alan GARCIA Perez who, after a disappointing presidential term from 1985 to 1990, has overseen a robust macroeconomic performance.", "The urban area covers about 800 km2. It is located on mostly flat terrain in the Peruvian coastal plain, within the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín rivers. The city slopes gently from the shores of the Pacific Ocean into valleys and mountain slopes located as high as 1550 m above sea level. Within the city are isolated hills that are not connected to the surrounding hill chains, such as El Agustino, San Cosme, El Pino, La Milla, Muleria and Pro hills. The San Cristobal hill in the Rímac District, which lies directly north of the downtown area, is the local extreme of an Andean hill outgrowth.", "To gain a better understanding of the country's history and culture, visit the Museo Nacional de Antropologia, Arqueologia e Historia del Peru. The building itself is an historic icon, once home o revolutionary heroes Bolivar and San Martin, and the expansive collection spans the history of Peru from the ancient era to the early republic. Among the many treasures are an 18th-century painting of the Last Supper and the Raimondi Stela, one of the earliest Andean rock carvings.", "Name the Peruvian city that was the ancient capital of the Incas, and is closest to Machu Picchu?", "Almost the same happened in other great pre-Inca complexes: the ancient city of Armatambo (once located in today's district of Chorrillos at the Morro Solar) was occupied and modified to the Inca's needs. Unfortunately today only the remains of the foundation of one ancient building, the Huaca San Pedro, are left. In Limatambo, the second biggest pre-Inca city after Maranga, that was located in the area of today's districts of San Isidro and La Victoria, the Incas started to use the old ceremonial complexes as tombs. So did they in the Puruchuco Complex (located in the district of Ate) which also served as administrative and ceremonial center. Numerous other ancient structures within the valleys of the Chillon, Rimac and Lurin valley were occupied by the Incas and used as administrative or ceremonial centers. Unfortunately most of them disappeared over the centuries and especially in the 20th century where they had to give way to the urban expansion of the capital." ]	[ 9.4921875, 9.2109375, 8.359375, 7.53125, 7.44140625, 7.3515625, 6.65234375, 6.01953125, 4.6796875, 4.64453125, 4.08203125, 3.259765625, 2.046875, 1.6708984375, 1.6572265625, 1.060546875, 1.05859375, 0.82421875, -0.14697265625, -0.1580810546875, -1.0126953125, -3.109375, -3.23046875, -3.26953125, -3.40625, -3.6015625, -4.23828125, -4.4765625, -4.64453125, -4.890625, -5.515625, -7.40234375 ]
What type of ball did Nolan Ryan once throw at a record speed of 100.9 miles per hour?	[ "For years, the best baseball pitchers in the major leagues strived to reach the 100 miles per hour (mph) mark for a fastball. Nolan Ryan held the world record for a time with a 100.9 mph fastball thrown in 1974. Today, it's quite common for major league pitchers routinely to throw fastballs in the 95+ mph range.", "\"The most widely quoted response is Nolan Ryan, whose fastball was \"officially\" clocked by the Guinness Book of World Records at 100.9 miles per hour in a game played on August 20, 1974 versus the Chicago White Sox.\"", "Out of all the men gifted with the talent of pitching at 100 miles per hour, Nolan Ryan was the man who kept it the longest, and used it the most. In his 27 year career, there is no doubt he threw more pitches over that speed than anyone else. Besides his legendary fastball, known as \"The Ryan Express,\" he also had one of the best curve-balls in in the history of the sport.", "\"September 7, 1974 — One of Angels pitcher Nolan Ryan's pitches was officially clocked at 100.8 miles per hour in a game against the White Sox. He became the first player to break the 100-mph barrier.\"", "For years the agreed-upon record in the sport was Nolan Ryan's 100.9 mph pitch, measured by the Guinness Book of World Records in the 70s and rarely questioned, but this was before the evolution of Pitch F/X and the hyper-accurate measurement of pitch speed. Once Pitch F/X arrived, the longer standing record was Joel Zumaya's 104.8 MPH pitch recorded in the 2006 ALCS. Chapman's is now the standard bearer and no one has approached it since (not even Chapman, who got the \"105.1\" tattooed on his arm, likely indicating that even he doesn't think he could ever beat it).", "There is footage of a Feller fastball being clocked by Army ordnance equipment (used to measure artillery shell velocity) and registering at . However, this took place in the later years of his career and the speed of the ball was measured as it crossed the plate (whereas later methods measure the speed as it leaves the pitcher's hand). With primitive equipment Feller was at one point measured at 105 mph. Feller once mentioned that he was clocked at 104 mph at Lincoln Park in Chicago. He also threw the second fastest pitch ever officially recorded, at , in a game in 1946 at Griffith Stadium. Feller said a 1974 test involving Nolan Ryan would be evaluated when he threw the ball rather than when it reached home plate, and as columnist Milton Richman wrote, Feller said \"Sandy Koufax had the best live fast ball he ever saw.\" ", "1985 U.S.A. April Fools Joke Sports Illustrated writes an article about a New York Mets prospect named Sidd Finch, who could throw a 168 mph (270 km/h) fastball with pinpoint accuracy, reportedly learned to pitch in a Buddhist monastery. ( the highest speed recorded for a FASTBALL is officially 100.9 mph )", "Ryan came into the major leagues as a kid with a phenomenal right arm—and he left after a record 27 major league seasons, still throwing nearly 100 miles per hour. I saw Ryan start many times and witnessed him pitching at age 46. In his second to last career game as a starter, he was throwing fastballs at 96 miles per hour past bewildered men more than 20 years his junior.", "Nolan Ryan was a pitcher who played for four different teams. One of the first pitchers to be documented throwing at 100 miles an hour, he first became famous for putting up ridiculous strikeout numbers and later became famous for having been around forever, as he played for a record 27 seasons. He holds numerous pitching records (most famously, strikeouts in a career, strikeouts in a season, no-hit games in a career) that are widely considered to be in \"will never be broken\" territory, as well as others (bases on balls, hit batters, wild pitches) that he probably wishes would be broken . Needless to say, had some control problems, and is often regarded by detractors as a flashy .500 pitcher. He is also famous for beating up Robin Ventura, when the latter charged the mound. (Ryan was age 46 at the time.) He became president of the Texas Rangers in 2008 and part-owner in 2010; he has committed himself to making the team a contender, and so far seems to be succeeding.", "and that ladies and gentlemen, was a fastball that was better than 100 miles an hour", "Ryan's fastest pitch in that second game reached 100.8 mph (at 9-10 feet from plate) on 9/7/1974 s1 . See chart at right.", "The speed of a baseball is measured using a \"Radar Gun\". Today, in the late 1990s pitchers can throw over 100 miles per hour (160 km/h or 45 m/s). Matt Anderson, has thrown the fastest pitched baseball which measured 103 miles per hour (166 km/h or 46.0 m/s). This time was measured in the past 1999 baseball season.", "When asked whether he threw harder than any other pitcher ever, Feller responded that, at the end of his career, players who had batted against him and also against Nolan Ryan had said Feller threw harder than Ryan. If that was the case, Feller threw over 102 mph. There is footage of Feller being clocked by army ordnance equipment (used to measure artillery shell velocity) and hitting 98.6. However, this took place in the later years of his career, and the machine used, like most of the machines at the time, measured the speed of the ball as it crossed the plate whereas now the speed is measured as it leaves the pitcher's hand. Feller once mentioned that he was clocked at 104 mph at Lincoln Park in Chicago. He also threw the second fastest pitch ever officially recorded, at 107.6 mph, in a game in 1946 at Griffith Stadium.", "Because of Alvin’s close proximity to Houston, where the Colt .45’s had recently joined the National League, scouts frequented Ryan’s Alvin starts and in the pre-radar gun days tried to gauge how fast the kid threw. New York Mets scout Red Murff remembered the first game he saw Ryan pitch: “The night before, I had seen the two fastest pitchers in the National League at that time, Jim Maloney and Turk Farrell. Nolan Ryan was already faster than both of them by far.”", "In our American baseball, the pitcher can do some amazing things with the baeball. He can throw that ball to home plate at 95 miles perhour. Then the next pitch can thrown the ball at a slightly reduced velocity. That small difference in velocity can keep the best hitters off balance.", "Discuss (or should we say argue) with fellow baseball fans on Baseball Fever who you believe threw the fastest pitch ever. Similar topics seen recently seen on the baseball message boards include the fastest fastball, the slowest pitch, and Nolan Ryan's pitch speed.", "No pitcher can claim to be more unhittable than Hall of Famer Nolan Ryan, who set the all-time records for strikeouts (5,714), walks (2,795), hits per nine innings (6.6) and no-hitters (seven) during a 27-year major league career that spanned from 1966 to 1993, and from ages 19 to 46. Ryan holds the single-season record for strikeouts (383 in 1973), topped 300 six times (tied with Randy Johnson for the record), and led his leagues in strikeouts 11 times, seven in the eight-year span from 1972-1979 and then four more from 1987-1990, his age 40-43 seasons. In 1989, at the age of 42, he whiffed 301 hitters.", "The science behind the artistry of Nolan Ryan involved the full utilization of his body and mind, knowing when to accept instruction and when to follow his own instincts. The late Newsweek sportswriter Pete Axthelm summarized the total commitment to pitching that drove Ryan’s unprecedented career. “Other pitchers are satisfied in getting a win after a routine outing,” Axthelm wrote. “Nolan Ryan spent over two decades using everything he had to be Picasso.”", "When the load is slow and early the head stays still during the flight of the ball. When the head stays still, the eyes see the ball better. Now the ball looks like a softball instead of an aspirin. When players quickly load, stride, and swing all in the same violent motion, the ball appears faster than it really should. Brian Berger- ABC Holiday Camp Director, Owner Youth Baseball Edge", "BOB TURLEY, rookie right-hander of the Baltimore Orioles, is the fastest pitcher in baseball today, and he has the oscillograph to prove it. Turley's hard one has been scientifically clocked at 94.2 miles an hour. ...A Du Mont cathode-ray oscillograph test, arranged recently by Collier's, proved that Turley throws a ball from the mound through two light screens six inches apart in .00362 seconds. - Tom Meany Photo captions: - The Oriole pitcher suggested that he might have thrown faster, but he'd only had two days of rest since last start. - Below, photo-electric eye-view of the Baltimore pitcher, all passed through triangular opening, breaking beams from two photoelectric circuits set six inches apart.", "There were no 100+ mph pitches thrown in the World Series, Justin Verlander threw the fastest at 98.0 mph on 10/24/2012. u9", "Recently, evidence has been found that suggest that radar guns produce an inaccurate reading of the speed of the pitch. With this in mind, the MLB Advanced Media and its Enhanced Gameday technology was developed. This advanced software allowed experts to compute Zumaya's release speed to be a remarkable 104.8 mph in Game 1 of the ALCS and claim him the fastest pitcher.", " The list above IS NOT a comprehensive breakdown of every pitcher to ever surpass the 100 mph barrier, but rather a list of pitchers we have seen on ESPN Game of the Week, SportsCenter, or in person eclipsing the century mark. If you want to share an another or provide an accurate game date for those we have in the chart please send us an email .", "Pitching Speed In answer to a query frequently posed , the speed at which a pitched baseball travels must be reckoned at approximately 85 to 90 miles an hour on the average. In a test at Ebbets Field last September, conducted by DuMont Laboratories, Inc. on a cathode-ray oscillograph, three Brooklyn [Dodger] pitchers were clocked as follows: Joe Black- 93.20 miles-per-hour, Johnny Podres - 88.50 and Bob Milliken 83.50.", "We'll never know exactly how fast Hall of Fame pitcher Bob Feller could throw, given the scarcity of radar guns back when he played, but it wasn't for lack of trying. About the only reliable reading for Rapid Robert, a 266-game winner over 18 seasons that were interrupted by World War II, came in 1946, when army equipment clocked him at 98.6 mph; that measured the speed as the ball crossed home plate rather than as it left his hand, so one computation had Feller at 107.9 mph (though it was probably in the 101-to-102 range). In a separate stunt his pitch beat a speeding 86-mile-per-hour motorcycle in a race and, when accounting for the motorcycle's headstart and losing margin, Feller was credited with throwing 104. Most important was his success on the mound, aptly described by this summation from Ted Williams, \"[Feller was] the fastest and best pitcher I ever saw during my career.\"", "According to the book 'Walter Johnson, Baseball's Big Train' s6 , the device was a tunnel of fine wires with a 2ftx2ft opening ending at a steel plate. The ball would trip the wires and register the time and then measure the arrival time at the steel plate. The device was about 60 feet away and was shoulder height, so Johnson had a hard time getting his sidearm pitches through. So, the speed was actually measured at 75 feet. Johnson's best was 122 fps, Rucker's at 113, both on their 3rd and final tries.", "Maels (pronounced Miles) Rodriguez became the first in Cuban National League history to throw 100 mph in a game on 12/8/1999 (Chapman broke his record in 2008 at 101.2 mph), two weeks later he threw the league's first ever perfect game, then he threw 100 mph again in the Summer 2000 Olympic Games for Cuba . He worked out for 15 MLB teams on 1/22/2004 , but no offers materialized after he couldn't hit 90 on the gun (after his 2002 arm injury). He was drafted in 2005 by the Diamondbacks but never played. So, even though he hit 100 mph, he never actually played for the MLB in any capacity.", "This was scientifically determined back in 1930 when Mark Koenig went to West Point at the request of army engineers and made a test. As a result of the test it was found the ball goes from the pitcher to the batter at the rate of 150 feet per second, or about a mile and a half a minute rate of speed. Going from the pitcher's box to the plate - a distance of 60 feet 6 inches - it will take approximately two-fifths of a second. That doesn't give much time for a batter to duck a wild pitch.", "Walter Johnson, 122 fps (83.2 mph) at 25 ft, or 78.7 mph plate speed, or 87.7 mph FFE", "In early 1946, the Washington Senators owner Clark Griffith set up an exhibition game against the Cleveland Indians and, in an effort to boost sagging attendance, started a promotion where he told fans they could see how fast the Indians' Bob Feller could throw. He borrowed a photo-electric cell device, referred to as a 'Sky Screen Chronograph', from the Aberdeen, MD ordnance plant so Feller could pitch through it just prior to the game. s4 s5 These devices were used to measure the speed of artillery rounds during the war.", "A remarkable article in the December, 1912, issue of Baseball Magazine showed that the first accurate measurements were made decades before the invention of the modern-day radar gun. Titled ï¿½One Hundred and Twenty-two Feet a Second!ï¿½, the piece sought to measure the speed of the pitches thrown by future Hall of Famer Walter Johnson, widely considered the hardest thrower of his era.", "For the sport that would become the great American pastime, Tiffany created the first world championship baseball trophy in 1888. The Hall Championship Cup depicts the five people necessary to play a game: umpire, catcher, pitcher, batter and outfielder. Tiffany also designed the All-Star Home Run Derby trophy and the Commissioner's Historic Achievement Award for Major League Baseball, which is awarded at the discretion of the Commissioner. Three outstanding athletes received the award for historic achievement in the 1998 season: Mark McGwire for breaking the single-season home run record with 70 home runs; Sammy Sosa for scoring 66 home runs in the home run race; and Cal Ripken Jr. for setting a new record of 2,632 consecutive games played, breaking Lou Gehrig's record of 2,130 consecutive games." ]	[ 3.9609375, 3.3203125, 3.212890625, 1.4423828125, 0.498291015625, -0.0494384765625, -0.71923828125, -0.8173828125, -0.83984375, -0.84423828125, -1.1806640625, -1.92578125, -2.365234375, -2.66015625, -2.841796875, -3.251953125, -3.87109375, -4.03125, -4.171875, -5.04296875, -5.1875, -5.21875, -5.42578125, -5.42578125, -6.3046875, -6.51953125, -6.66796875, -7.3671875, -7.4375, -7.64453125, -7.7578125, -8.7109375 ]
How many hurdles must a runner jump over in the 110m men's hurdles race?	[ "All Olympic hurdle races include 10 hurdles. In the 110 meter event for men, the hurdles measure 1.067 meters high -- about 40 inches. The first hurdle is set 13.72 meters from the starting line. There are 9.14 meters between hurdles and 14.02 meters from the final hurdle to the finish line.", "The 110 metres hurdles, or 110-meter hurdles, is a hurdling track and field event for men. It is included in the athletics programme at the Summer Olympic Games. The female counterpart is the 100 metres hurdles. As part of a racing event, ten hurdles of 1.067 metres (3.5 ft or 42 inches) in height are evenly spaced along a straight course of 110 metres. They are positioned so that they will fall over if bumped into by the runner. Fallen hurdles do not carry a fixed time penalty for the runners, but they have a significant pull-over weight which slows down the run. Like the 100 metres sprint, the 110 metres hurdles begins in the starting blocks.", "In the 110 meter hurdle event, ten hurdles are placed along the track. The standard height of the hurdles used in the men's event is 1.067 meter or 3 ½ feet. The distance between the starting point and the first hurdle is 13.72 meter. For the next nine hurdles, there is a gap of 9.14 meters between two consecutive hurdles. The finishing line is 14.02 meter away from the last hurdle. The hurdles are set in such a manner that, if any runner comes into contact with them during the race, the hurdles will fall over. If the hurdles are knocked down unintentionally, that is not counted as an offence.", "The 110 metres hurdles or sprint hurdles is a track event for men. The female counterpart is the 100 metres hurdles. As part of a racing event, ten hurdles of 1.067 metres (3.5 ft or 42 inches) in height are evenly spaced along", "For the 110 m hurdles, the first hurdle is placed after a run-up of 13.72 metres (45 ft) from the starting line. The next nine hurdles are set at a distance of 9.14 metres (30 ft) from each other, and the home stretch from the last hurdle to the finish line is 14.02 metres (46 ft) long.", "Running both hurdles races – the 110 (or 100) and 400 hurdles – has been done only 4 times. It happened in 1928 and 1932, and the last 2 times it occurred was in 1964.", "The 110 metres hurdles, or 110-meter hurdles, is a hurdling track and field event for men. It is included in the athletics programme at the Summer Olympic Games.", "Hurdling events are dashes in which competitors must clear a series of ten barriers called hurdles. The most popular outdoor hurdling events for men and women are the 110-m (120-yd) high hurdles and the 400-m intermediate hurdles; 200-m low hurdles are also run. In the U.S., national indoor championships are run over 60-m (about 66-yd) hurdles. In addition, women run a 100-m event. High hurdles are 107 cm (3 ft 6 in), intermediate hurdles 91 cm (3 ft), and low hurdles 76 cm (2 ft 6 in) in height. In the women's 100-m hurdles, the height is 84 cm (2 ft 9 in).", "At all distances up to and including the 110-m hurdles, the first hurdle is 13.72 m (15 yd) from the starting line and the remaining hurdles are 9.14 m (10 yd) apart; the distance from the last hurdle to the finish line is 14.02 m (15 1/3 yd). At distances greater than 110 m but not exceeding 200 m, the first hurdle is 18 m (20 yd) from the starting line and the remaining hurdles are 18 m apart. At 400 m, the first hurdle is 45 m (49 1/4 yd) from the starting line and the remaining hurdles are 35 m (38 1/4 yd) apart, leaving 40 m (43 3/4 yd) to the finish line.", "Men (College/International) 110m hurdle spacing: 13.72m to H1 with 9.14m between and 14.02m to the finish", "The 100 metres hurdles, or 100-meter hurdles, is a track and field event run mainly by women (the male counterpart is the 110 metres hurdles). For the race, ten ...", "* High Hurdles (110 metres for men, 100 metres for women) * Shot Put * Long Jump * High Jump * Middle distance (1500 metres for men, 800 metres for women)", "Colin Ray Jackson, CBE (born 18 February 1967) is a Welsh former sprint and hurdling athlete who specialised in the 110 metres hurdles. During a career in which he represented Great Britain and Wales, he won an Olympic silver medal, became world champion twice, World indoor champion once, went undefeated at the European Championships for 12 years and was a two-time Commonwealth champion. His world record of 12.91 seconds for the 110m hurdles stood for over a decade and he remains the 60 metres hurdles world record holder. ", "110 meter Hurdle for Men at Olympics: The hurdling events are the running events which involve running over hurdles set on the track. The 110 meter hurdle race for men is the standard sprint hurdle held in the international competitions.", "The 110 meter hurdle event is very technical race to win. The event demands excellent speed along with fine technique on the part of the athletes. A fully skilled hurdler seems to be running through the hurdles. Their jumps over the hurdles looks as if they are running with their body lifted in the air for a little longer time. Generally, the hurdlers use their same lead leg while going over each hurdle.", "Hurdling is usually done in different events: 60 meter hurdles, 80 meter hurdles, 100 meter hurdles, 110 meter hurdles, 300 meter hurdles, and 400 meter hurdles. Hurdlers compete at almost any track-and-field meet, from middle school events, all the way to the Olympics. Hurdling is a great sport that requires good fitness, flexibility, upper body strength, and, most of all, perseverance.", "Also set six British records at 120yrds/110m hurdles, winning two Commonwealth Games titles at the Sprint Hurdles in 1966 and again in 1970, as well as a 110H silver meal in the 1969 European Championships and the World Universiade title at the same event in 1970.", "The Olympic Games have included the 110 metre hurdles in their program since 1896. The equivalent hurdles race for women was run over a course of 80 metres from 1932 to 1968. Starting with the 1972 Summer Olympics, the women's race was set at 100 metres. In the early 20th century, the race was often contested as 120 yard hurdles, thus the Imperial units distances between hurdles.", "This is one of the most interesting events in track & field- a distance race with hurdles. While covering this 7 ½ lap distance, the athletes must traverse four barriers placed on the track. One of the barriers is placed in front of a water pit that must also be negotiated on each lap. Unlike the lightweight hurdles used for the hurdling events, these heavy wooden barriers will not budge if hit. Some steeplechasers hurdle the barriers cleanly, but most step on them with one foot to clear them. Steeplechasers are usually also very capable 5000m runners.", "The 110 meter hurdle for men has been the part of the Olympics since its own debut in modern times in 1896. The event, also known as high hurdle race, has always been dominated by American athletes. Lee Calhoun and Roger Kingdom of the USA have won the Olympics gold two times each.", "The 100- and 110-meter races are run on straightaways. Runners must remain in their lanes during all hurdle races. As in all races, the event ends when a runner’s torso (not the head, arm or leg) crosses the finish line .", "According to IAAF rules, barrier height is 914mm (36 in) for men and 762mm (30 in) for women. Unlike those used in hurdling, steeplechase barriers do not fall over if hit; some runners actually step on top of them. Four barriers are spaced around the track on level ground, and a fifth barrier at the top of the second turn (fourth barrier in a complete lap from the finish line) is the water jump, which consists of a barrier followed by a pit of water which is 3.66m (12 ft) long and slopes upward from 700mm (27.6 in) deep at the barrier end to even with the surface of the track. This slope rewards runners with more jumping ability, because a longer jump results in a shallower landing in the water.", "In the 110/100 meter hurdles, we all know how important it is to get out with a good start and put pressure on your opponents to come track you down. A good start puts you into a good rhythm, and we all know that opponents are more likely to make technical mistakes and hit hurdles...", "Hurdles events require the runner to run over evenly spaced barriers during the race. Events commonly contested are:", "Rules for 110 meter Hurdle for Men at Olympics: The International Association of Athletics Federations or IAAF has set rules to be followed in the track and field athletics competitions at the international level. The rules relevant for the 110 meter hurdle event at the international competitions are-", "Men (College/International) 55m hurdle spacing: 13.72m to H1 with 9.14m between and 4.72m to the finish", "A few days ago I took a look at some technical things in the women's 100 hurdles from the most recent World Championships in Osaka, Japan, so now I want to take a look at the men's 110s. Since I've focused a lot on Liu Xiang in past articles, I'm going to focus on Terrence...", "The hurdles are one of the more difficult events in track and field. They combine sprinting, both short and intermediate, and jumping. Teaching and training for the hurdles are also taught in these two phases. Conditioning, speed and agility drills are necessary components for the ï¿½runningï¿½ aspects of the hurdles. For now, we will concentrate on the ï¿½jumpingï¿½ aspect of the event ï¿½ the hurdle!", "At the beginning of the take-off, the knee must be driven toward the hurdle and the foot then extended. The knee should be slightly bent when crossing the hurdle. Unless an athlete’s body has great flexibility, the knee must be slightly bent to allow a forward body lean. Unlike the 110m hurdles, a significant forward body lean is not that necessary due to the hurdles being lower. However, the trail leg must be kept bent and short to provide a quick lever action allowing a fast hurdle clearance. The knee should pull through under the armpit and should not be flat across the top of the hurdle.", "The hurdle races are generally held only in the Olympics. The event is also known as the high hurdle race.", "The 400 metres hurdles is a track and field hurdling event. The event has been on the Olympic athletics programme since 1900 for men and since 1984 for women.", "The 300-yard (or meter) intermediate hurdles race is one of the key events for youth and high school track and field teams. If you’re going to have a really good team, you need to have good intermediate and high hurdlers because they can do so many other things for the team." ]	[ 4.7578125, 4.3671875, 3.966796875, 2.8671875, 2.392578125, 1.40234375, 0.50146484375, -0.1087646484375, -0.1214599609375, -0.5390625, -0.701171875, -0.9599609375, -0.9599609375, -1.4091796875, -1.4462890625, -1.6982421875, -1.953125, -1.974609375, -2.447265625, -2.673828125, -2.708984375, -2.734375, -2.81640625, -3.931640625, -4.4453125, -4.95703125, -4.9609375, -5.125, -5.5234375, -5.57421875, -5.90625, -6.5859375 ]
In which sport is the position of goal attack found?	[ "The goal attack position is allowed to shoot the ball at the goal and also pass it to the goal shooters in the goal circle. These players are allowed in the center third, the opponents third, and the goal circle.", "Goalkeeper, often shortened to keeper or goalie, is one of the major positions of association football. It is the most specialised position in the sport. The goalkeeper's primary role is to prevent the opposing team from successfully moving the ball over the defended goal-line (between the posts and under the crossbar). This is accomplished by the goalkeeper moving into the path of the ball and either catching it or directing it away from the vicinity of the goal line. Within the penalty area goalkeepers are able to use their hands, making them (outside of throw-ins) the only players on the field permitted to handle the ball. Goalkeepers usually perform goal kicks, and also give commands to their defence during corner kicks, direct and indirect free kicks, and marking. Goalkeepers play an important role in directing on field strategy as they have an unrestricted view of the entire pitch, giving them a unique perspective on play development. If an attacker on the opposing team obstructs the keeper from catching or saving the ball, for example, in a corner, it will normally be a free kick.", "Total football is an attack-oriented strategy where players have no definite position. With the exception of the goalkeeper, everybody is allowed to play anywhere on the field. Coordination, spacing, and player movement are the key elements of total soccer. ", "A goal is scored when the ball crosses the goal line entirely, between the goalposts and under the bar, provided the attacking side has not committed an offence. Obviously, the most common way of scoring is by kicking the ball, but the next most common way is to hit the ball with a player's head, more commonly known as 'heading the ball'. Soccer balls headed by highly skilled players can travel over 20 miles per hour. Each goal is worth 1 point.", "Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball. It is played by 250 million players in over 200 countries and dependencies, making it the world's most popular sport. The game is played on a rectangular field with a goal at each end. The object of the game is to score by getting the ball into the opposing goal.", "In association football, the goal is the only method of scoring. It is also used to refer to the scoring structure. A deliberate attempt on goal is referred to as a \"shot\". To score a goal, the ball must pass completely over the goal line between the goal posts and under the crossbar and no rules may be violated on the play (such as touching the ball with the hand or arm). See also offside.", "In case of Soccer the field is rectangular with a goal post at each end. The objective of the game is to score goal at opponent’s post. Player can use any part of the body except the arms and hands. The goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms. But he would also have to be cautious about the penalty area, commonly known as the D box.", "The goal defense position defends against the goal attack position. They are allowed in all the same areas as the goal attack position.", "The offensive positions include: one center (a.k.a. two-meter offense, hole set, hole man, bucket, pit player or pit-man), two wings, two drivers (also called \"flats\"), and one \"point\" man, positioned furthest from the goal. The center directs the attack, and the wings, drivers and point are often called the perimeter players.", "For the purposes of the rules, all players on the team in possession of the ball are attackers, and those on the team without the ball are defenders, yet throughout the game being played you are always\"defending\" your goal and \"attacking\" the opposite goal. ", "The main task of the Wing Attack is to deliver the ball to the Goal Shooter/Goal Attack using a variety of attacking moves. They are allowed to move in the attacking goal third and the centre third, but not in the goal circle.Tasks:", "(general) A sport played on foot in which teams attempt to get a ball into a goal or zone defended by the other team.", "A holding or deep-lying midfielder stays close to their team's defence, while other midfielders may move forward to attack. A player in this role will try to protect their goal by disrupting the opponents' attacking moves and stopping long shots on the goal.", "** The ball is kicked by the attacking team and passes between a goal post (taller post) and the nearest behind post (shorter post) on the defensive side of the field without touching the behind post.", "At a professional level, most matches produce only a few goals. For example, the 2005–06 season of the English Premier League produced an average of 2.48 goals per match. The Laws of the Game do not specify any player positions other than goalkeeper, but a number of specialised roles have evolved. Broadly, these include three main categories: strikers, or forwards, whose main task is to score goals; defenders, who specialise in preventing their opponents from scoring; and midfielders, who dispossess the opposition and keep possession of the ball to pass it to the forwards on their team. Players in these positions are referred to as outfield players, to distinguish them from the goalkeeper. These positions are further subdivided according to the area of the field in which the player spends most time. For example, there are central defenders, and left and right midfielders. The ten outfield players may be arranged in any combination. The number of players in each position determines the style of the team's play; more forwards and fewer defenders creates a more aggressive and offensive-minded game, while the reverse creates a slower, more defensive style of play. While players typically spend most of the game in a specific position, there are few restrictions on player movement, and players can switch positions at any time. The layout of a team's players is known as a formation. Defining the team's formation and tactics is usually the prerogative of the team's manager. ", "The rules do not specify any player positions other than goalkeeper, but a number of player specialisations have evolved. Broadly, these include three main categories: forwards, whose main task is to score goals; defenders, who specialise in preventing their opponents from scoring; and midfielders, who take the ball from the opposition and pass it to the forwards. Players in these positions are referred to as outfield players, to discern them from the single goalkeeper. These positions are further differentiated by which side of the field the player spends most time in. For example, there are central defenders, and left and right midfielders. The ten outfield players may be arranged in these positions in any combination (for example, there may be three defenders, five midfielders, and two forwards), and the number of players in each position determines the style of the team's play; more forwards and fewer defenders would create a more aggressive and offensive-minded game, while the reverse would create a slower, more defensive style of play. While players may spend most of the game in a specific position, there are few restrictions on player movement, and players can switch positions at any time. The layout of the players on the pitch is called the team's formation, and defining the team's formation and tactics is usually the prerogative of the team's manager(s).", "The goalie’s job is to defend his team’s goal against shots by the opposing team’s offense. Defensemen are charged with the task of guarding the opposing team’s offensive players around the goal area. They play almost exclusively on the defensive half of the field, though they are permitted to enter the offensive half. Defensemen also are allowed to use sticks that are about twice as long as those of offensive players. Teams are permitted to have up to four players on the field carrying long sticks, employing what is known as a “long-stick midfielder” or “LSM.” These players normally occupy the midfield position on defense and for faceoffs, and substitute out of the game when their team gains possession of the ball in the offensive end.", "Goals can be scored from penalty corners which are awarded when a foul is committed in the 16 yard area. From a penalty corner the defending team all line up on their goal line. The attacking team must all be outside the 16 yard area when one player hits the ball to them from 10 yards either side of the goal line. As the ball is played back a team mate stops the ball before another strikes at goal.", "Numbered 1, This position calls for all-round ball-playing ability and speed. The fullback is the last line of defence, standing behind the main line of defenders. Defensively, fullbacks must be able to chase and tackle any player who breaks the first line of defence, and must be able to catch kicks made by the attacking side. Their role in attack is usually as a support player but also come into the line to create an extra man in attack. KELEMETE SUUUUUUUGGGGGGGAAAAADAAAAAABALLLLLLLLLSSSSSSSSS", "The field of play is 110 yards (100 m) long and 60 yards (55 m) wide. The goals are 6 feet (1.8 m) by 6 feet (1.8 m). The goal sits inside a circular \"crease\", measuring 18 feet (5.5 m) in diameter.[13][14][15] Each offensive and defensive area is surrounded by a \"restraining box.\" Each quarter, and after each goal scored, play is restarted with a face-off. During a face-off, two players lay their stick horizontally next to the ball, head of the stick inches from the ball and the butt-end pointing down the midfield line.[14] Face-off-men scrap for the ball, often by �clamping� it under their stick and flicking it out to their teammates. Attackers and defenders cannot cross their �restraining line� until one player from the midfield takes possession of the ball or the ball crosses the restraining line.[14] If a member of one team touches the ball and it travels outside of the playing area, play is restarted by possession being awarded to the opposing team. During play, teams may substitute players in and out freely. Sometimes this is referred to as \"on the fly\" substitution. Substitution must occur within the designated exchange area in order to be legal.[13][14][15]", "The player assigned to set the ball into the air for the purpose of placing the ball in position for the attack.", "• Attackmen: Each team fields three attackmen at a time, and these players generally remain on the offensive half of the field. An attackman uses a short crosse and generally demonstrates good stick-handling with both hands. These are the players who score most of the goals.", "Players who specialise in playing as a target are usually of above-average height with good heading ability and an accurate shot. They tend to be the \"outlet\" player for both midfielders and defenders, able to \"hold the ball up\" (retain possession of the ball in an advanced position while team-mates run forward to join the attack). They tend to score goals from crosses, often with the head, and can use their body strength to shield the ball while turning to score. ", "Goal kick: A type of restart where the ball is kicked from inside the goal area away from the goal; awarded to the defending team when a ball that crossed the goal line was last touched by a player on the attacking team.", "(Team Sports, other than specified) sport the line marking each end of the pitch, on which the goals stand", "Each team has an offensive and defensive half of the field. The offensive half of the field is where a team attempts to score goals. The defensive half is where teams must protect their goal so the opposition does not score.", "A goal is scored by kicking the ball between the uprights and above the crossbar of the goal posts. T", "The game is played on an oval-shaped field with scoring posts at each end. There are four scoring posts (the two middle ones are taller than the outside ones) and a score is recorded when the ball is kicked between two of the posts. One point is scored when the ball goes between one of the outside posts and a middle post. This is known as a behind. A goal (worth six points) is scored when the ball goes between the two middle posts.", "Counter attackers are any attacking player that uses their pace to beat defenders and cause unexpected scoring opportunities at any time. They also need some degree of shooting skill. Counter attacking opportunities occur when the opposition are themselves attacking a team with most of their players forward. A counterattack happens when the ball is won back and is quickly played into space for a counterattacking player to run onto or where a player takes the ball themselves and runs with pace into a sparsely defended opposition half.", "Pretty much everyone goes on attack when his/her team is in possession - but not all players are trained in attack. For example, defenders can score, but they don't do it as often.", "They are often tall and physical players who are prepared to fiercely protect their goal post!", "The 1998 World Cup in France saw the highest number of goals scored by all the nations: the ball hit the back of the net a whopping 171 times. Host nation France topped the goal-scoring charts that year with 15 goals. Could this year overtake that?" ]	[ -1.048828125, -1.1162109375, -1.2451171875, -1.810546875, -2.49609375, -2.689453125, -2.75, -3.455078125, -3.70703125, -4.40625, -4.56640625, -4.8671875, -5.18359375, -5.26171875, -5.36328125, -5.8046875, -5.828125, -5.91015625, -5.93359375, -5.96484375, -5.984375, -6.35546875, -6.5, -6.515625, -7.21484375, -7.25390625, -7.2890625, -7.8046875, -8.296875, -8.453125, -8.515625, -8.84375 ]
Which famous sportsman lit the torch at the opening ceremony of the 1996 Olympic Games?	[ "Former heavyweight boxing champion and 1960 OlympIc gold medallist Muhammad Ali lights the flame at the Olympic Stadium in Atlanta during the opening ceremony for the 1996 Olympics", "Gallery: Opening ceremonies for the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta. -- 1960 boxing gold medalist Muhammad Ali stands with fellow gold medalist Janet Evans, after she lit his torch. Ali then lit the flame that burned up a cable and lit the Olympic Torch at the climax of the opening ceremonies Friday night.", "19 Jul 1996: Muhammad Ali holds the torch before lighting the Olympic Flame during the Opening Ceremony of the 1996 Centennial Olympic Games in Atlanta, Georgia. Ali, the magnificent heavyweight champion whose fast fists and irrepressible personality transcended sports and captivated the world, has died according to a statement released by his family Friday, June 3, 2016. He was 74. (Michael Cooper )", "1996 Summer- Atlanta. This was the 100th anniversary of the Modern Olympics. Muhammad Ali lit the Olympic flame in a memorable Opening Ceremony. And Ireland found success from a swimmer, Michelle Smith, who captured 4 medals, including 3 golds. Women�s soccer was as an Olympic event for the first time. And Cuba took the gold in baseball for the second straight Olympics�an amazing achievement considering these games were on U.S. soil.", "Muhammad Ali holds the torch before lighting the Olympic Flame during the opening ceremony of the Centennial Olympic Games in Atlanta, Georgia on July 19, 1996. (Photo: Michael Cooper/Getty Images)", "The 1996 Olympics held at Atlanta were the first Games convened without any governmental support. The Atlanta Games are best remembered for their sporting achievements and the cauldron was lit by former heavyweight boxing world champion Mohammad Ali. The Olympic movement was shaken when two people died after a bomb explosion in a city centre park and organisational chaos developed into a recurring nightmare for athletes and spectators alike. Michael Johnson smashed the 200m world record to complete a 200m and 400m double. Nigeria who won the football gold became the first African nation to do so. Carl Lewis of the United States became the third person in Olympic history to win the same individual event four times and the fourth person to earn a ninth gold medal. ", "Ali's stature in the pantheon of sports heroes led to an impressive array of honors over the years. He lit the Olympic flame to open the 1996 Summer Games in Atlanta, and in 1999 Sports Illustrated named him Sportsman of the Century.", "At the 1996 Summer Games in Atlanta, the world and his country honored Ali by choosing him to light the Olympic torch during the opening ceremonies.", "The climactic transfer of the flame from the torches to the cauldron at the host stadium concludes the relay and marks the symbolic commencement of the Games. Perhaps one of the most spectacular of these ceremonies took place at the 1992 Barcelona Games , when Paralympic archer Antonio Rebollo ignited the cauldron by shooting a burning arrow over it, which ignited gas rising from the cauldron. [9] Two years later , the Olympic fire was brought into the stadium of Lillehammer by a ski jumper . In Beijing 2008, Li Ning 'ran' on air around the Bird's Nest and lit the flame. In Vancouver 2010, four athletes— Catriona LeMay Doan , Wayne Gretzky , Steve Nash and Nancy Greene —were given the honor of lighting the flame simultaneously (indoor) before Wayne Gretzky transferred the flame to an outdoor cauldron at Vancouver's waterfront.", "The climactic transfer of the flame from the torches to the cauldron at the host stadium concludes the relay and marks the symbolic commencement of the Games. Perhaps one of the most spectacular of these ceremonies took place at the 1992 Barcelona Games, when Paralympic archer Antonio Rebollo ignited the cauldron by shooting a burning arrow over it, which ignited gas rising from the cauldron. Two years later, the Olympic fire was brought into the stadium of Lillehammer by a ski jumper. In Beijing 2008, Li Ning \"ran\" on air around the Bird's Nest and lit the flame. In Vancouver 2010, four athletes—Catriona Le May Doan, Wayne Gretzky, Steve Nash and Nancy Greene—were given the honour of lighting the flame simultaneously (indoors) before Wayne Gretzky transferred the flame to an outdoor cauldron at Vancouver's waterfront. Two years later, at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, seven young athletes-Callum Airlie, Jordan Duckitt, Desiree Henry, Katie Kirk, Cameron MacRitchie, Aidan Reynolds and Adelle Tracey were given the honour of lighting the flame on one of the 204 copper petals before they converged to form the cauldron for the Games.", "Carriers of the Torch and Lighter of the Flame: Al Oerter [Outside] / Evander Holyfieldnote Atlanta native, 1984 bronze medalist at boxing and retired professional cruiserweight/heavyweight champion and Voula Patoulidounote 1992 gold medalist at athletics and the first female Greek medalist, both as a nod to Greece as the birthplace of the Games and partly as consolation for Athens failing the 1996 bid / Janet Evansnote 3-time 1988 and 2-time 1992 gold medalist at swimming / Muhammad Ali note 1960 gold medalist at boxing (as Cassius Clay) and one of the greatest professional heavyweight boxers of all time", "He first entered Olympic lore as Cassius Marcellus Clay, 1960's gold-medal winner in the light-heavyweight division. Thirty-six years later he returned, this time as Muhammad Ali, for one of the most poignant and memorable torch-lighting ceremonies in Olympic history.", "After a gap of over four decades, Leander Paes, had the Indian flag flying at the medal presentation ceremony at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics. He won a bronze medal in the single event of Lawn Tennis by defeating Fernando Meligeni of Brazil. His journey to the finals was blocked by American great Andre Agassi who eventually won the gold medal. Paes, whom Agassi describes as a flying jumping bean, a bundle of hyperkinetic energy, has been the torch-bearer of Indian tennis after turning professional in 1991.", "Carriers of the Torch and Lighters of the Flame: David Beckhamnote East London native and retired football superstar, having played for the England national team, Manchester United of England's Premier League , Real Madrid of Spain's La Liga, AC Milan of Italy's Serie A, Los Angeles Galaxy of the USA's Major League Soccer and Paris Saint-Germain of France's Ligue 1 [by motorboat] / Steve Redgravenote 1988 bronze and 1984-2000 gold medalist in sailing, as well as one of the most decorated British Olympians / Seven teenage athletes nominated by seven legendary British Olympians, in the spirit of the Games' theme of \" inspiring a generation \": Callum Airlie (Shirley Robertsonnote 2000-2004 gold medalist at sailing), Jordan Duckitt (Duncan Goodhewnote 1980 bronze/gold medalist at swimming), Desiree Henry (Daley Thompsonnote 1980/1984 gold medalist at decathlon), Katie Kirk (Mary Petersnote 1972 gold medalist at pentathlon), Cameron MacRitchie (Steve Redgrave), Aidan Reynolds (Lynn Daviesnote 1964 gold medalist at long jump) and Adelle Tracey (Kelly Holmesnote 2000 bronze and 2-time 2004 gold medalist in athletics)", "In 1996 Ali was chosen to light the Olympic flame at the start of the Games of the XXVI Olympiad in Atlanta , Georgia . The outpouring of goodwill that accompanied his appearance confirmed his status as one of the most-beloved athletes in the world. In 2005 he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom . His life story is told in the documentary film I Am Ali (2014), which includes audio recordings that he made throughout his career and interviews with his intimates .", "Ali was selected to light the Olympic flame at the 1996 summer games in Atlanta, Georgia.", "* The Olympic Flame was lit by two Finnish heroes, runners Paavo Nurmi and Hannes Kolehmainen. Nurmi first lit the cauldron inside the stadium, and later the flame was relayed to the stadium tower where Kolehmainen lit it. Only the flame in the tower was burning throughout the Olympics.", "In 1999 he was awarded the Prêmio Brasil Olímpico, the highest award/recognition given to a Brazilian athlete by their country. He was named Brazil’s Athlete of the Year in 1999 and 2000 and awarded the ATP World Tour’s Arthur Ashe Humanitarian Award in 2003. Two years prior to his enshrinement into the International Tennis Hall of Fame, he was honored with the Philippe Chatrier Award by the International Tennis Federation. In 2016, Kuerten was named a Global Ambassador and was honored by his country and the International Olympic Committee by bearing the Olympic Torch during the Opening Ceremony in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.", "The athletes that have appeared in the Games over the years are a who's who of international stars in their respective sports. They include the likes of Carl Lewis, Sergei Bubka, Marion Jones, Felix Savon, Oscar de la Hoya, Tim Duncan, Oksana Baiul, Jackie Joyner-Kersee, Michael Johnson, Ian Thorpe, and the list goes on and on. The camaraderie and friendships developed at this multi-sport event, as well as the memories of a great sporting competition will last a lifetime.", "Though he lacked the pre-Games celebrity of a Dan Gable or Cael Sanderson, Bruce Baumgartner managed just fine on the Olympic stage, even surpassing many of his more famous peers. With medals in four consecutive Summer Games, Baumgartner is the most decorated American wrestler ever and served as U.S. Olympic flag-bearer for the 1996 Atlanta Games.", "The Honourable Usain St. Leo Bolt, OJ, C.D. ( /'ju:se?n/; born 21 August 1986), is a Jamaican sprinter and a five-time World and three-time Olympic gold medalist. He is the world record and Olympic record holder in the 100 metres, the 200 metres and (along with his teammates) the 4x100 metres relay. He is the reigning Olympic champion in these three events, and is one of only seven athletes (along with Valerie Adams, Veronica Campbell-Brown, Jacques Freitag, Yelena Isinbayeva, Jana Pittman, Dani Samuels) to win world championships at the youth, junior, and senior level of an athletic event.", "At the Opening Ceremony of the 1952 Summer Olympics the Olympic torch was brought into the Helsinki Olympiastadion by legendary Finnish long distance runner Paavo Nurmi, with his fellow legendary athletic compatriot Hannes Kolehmainen actually igniting the main cauldron. Each one of these so-called \"Flying Finns\" had excelled in distances ranging from the 5,000 metres through to the marathon. Therefore it was poetic justice in Helsinki that one of the most iconic performances in Olympic history was that given by the Czech long-distance runner Emil Zatopek. Zatopek entered these games with one gold medal; at the end of them he added three more plus perhaps more importantly showed the spirit and honour of a truly Olympic champion.", "Caitlyn Jenner (born October 28, 1949), formerly known as Bruce Jenner, is an American television personality and retired Olympic gold medal-winning decathlete. Jenner was a college football player for the Graceland Yellowjackets before incurring a knee injury requiring surgery. Coach L. D. Weldon, who had coached Olympic decathlete Jack Parker, convinced Jenner to try the decathlon. After intense training, Jenner won the 1976 Olympics decathlon title at the Montreal Summer Olympics (after a Soviet athlete had won the title in 1972 during the Cold War), gaining fame as \"an all-American hero\". Jenner set a third successive world record while winning the Olympics. The winner of the Olympic decathlon is traditionally given the unofficial title of \"world's greatest athlete.\" With that stature, Jenner subsequently established a career in television, film, writing, auto racing, business and as a Playgirl cover model.", "Vitaly Scherbo won six gold medals, including a record four in one day. Only Marc Spitz has more medals at one games.", "The 1952 Olympic Games in Helsinki started in spectacular fashion with Pavvo Nurmi, then aged 55, entering the stadium with the Olympic flame and lighting the cauldron on the ground. Then, young football players carried the torch up to the top of the stadium tower, where another Olympic cauldron was lit by 62-year-old Hannes Kölehmainen.", "* U.S. Olympic Committee \"Sportsman of the Year\" in 1997. He was the first tennis player to receive this award. ", "1996 Wins his first Olympic medal, a silver in the Laser class. Goes on to win two Laser world titles in 1998 and 1999", "Career highlights: Olympic Finn gold (2004), Olympic Laser gold (2000), Olympic Laser silver (1996), Five Finn world titles, two Laser world titles.", "Though it seems rather quaint by the Phelpsian standards of today, Don Schollander's four-gold performance at the Tokyo Olympics fronted many a newsreel in 1964 (see above). Schollander was the first swimmer to earn four gold medals at one Games and could well have made it five had his best event , the 200-meter freestyle, been on the Olympic program.", "United States athlete who won gold medals at the Olympics for his skill in sprinting and jumping (born in 1961)", "Here'a a look at the some of the athletes who went on to attain legendary status, thanks to their performances at the Games:", "Athletes who have won multiple titles at the two most important competitions, the Olympic Games and the World Championships:" ]	[ 6.625, 6.5234375, 6.30859375, 5.63671875, 5.11328125, 3.658203125, 3.41015625, 2.9140625, 2.7109375, 2.01953125, 1.60546875, 1.423828125, 1.13671875, 1.0400390625, 0.6298828125, 0.232421875, -0.1468505859375, -0.339111328125, -1.6025390625, -1.634765625, -3.10546875, -3.28515625, -4.3125, -4.95703125, -5.015625, -6.03515625, -7.0703125, -7.48046875, -7.54296875, -8.25, -9.1171875, -9.4140625 ]
Which famous race takes place annually between Putney and Mortlake?	[ "The men's University Boat Race has been contested on London's Thames since 1845. The annual race between the UK's two premier universities takes place between Putney Bridge (pictured) and Mortlake in south-west London.", "London has two Test cricket grounds, Lord's (home of Middlesex C.C.C.) in St John's Wood and the Oval (home of Surrey C.C.C.) in Kennington. Lord's has hosted four finals of the Cricket World Cup. Other key events are the annual mass-participation London Marathon, in which some 35,000 runners attempt a course around the city, and the Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race on the River Thames between Putney and Mortlake.", "Oxford and Cambridge Boatrace– This historic boat race is held every year between students of these two leading educational institutions from Putney to Mortlake on the River Thames.", "Watched by thousands along the banks of The Tideway, between Putney and Mortlake in London and by millions more on TV around the world, The Boat Race is a unique sporting event. With two very strong squads of athletes, expect to see another great race this year.", "The Oxford and Cambridge boat race takes place on a four and a half mile course on the Thames (between Mortlake and Putney), on a Saturday during the Easter vacation. It was first held in 1829. As it is in the vacation, it used to be an occasion for large numbers of students to gather and celebrate in London.", "The Race takes place close to Easter each year on the River Thames in West London between Putney and Mortlake.", "The Boat Race course, known as the Championship Course is 4 miles, 374 yards or 6.8 Km long. It stretches between Putney and Mortlake on the River Thames in South West London.", "The Boat Race course is 4 miles and 374 yards (6.779 km) long, stretching from Putney to Mortlake and passing Hammersmith and Barnes. Drawing large crowds, the start and finish are marked by the University Boat Race Stones on the south bank of the Thames. The Boat Race in 2015 will be held on April 11.", "The 4.2 mile race takes place on a section of the River Thames between Putney and Mortlake, and usually takes between 15 and 20 minutes to complete.", "but a dry-bob is one who opts for cricket and other sports where drowning is not part of the adventure. For a sport which the College once banned as being too dangerous on the crowded Thames waterway, Eton wet-bobs have provided more than their fair share of Boat Race competitors, including Olympians like Matthew Pinsent, Ed Coode and Andrew Lindsay, a three-time Oxford Blue. One of London's oldest sporting events, first raced in 1829, The Boat Race is a feature of April's cultural and sporting landscape as England's two elite universities take to the water in a race on the flood tide. It’s always bitterly fought and highly partisan, racing between Putney Bridge and Mortlake, just short of Chiswick Bridge in the south west of the city, a distance just shy of seven kilometres. Thousands line the Thames each year to see Oxford Dark Blues battle against the Light Blue of Cambridge, who are currently in the lead, beating the Dark Blues only three more times since the race began. Eight huge men with Popeye forearms and perfectly sculpted bodies, plus a tiny cox to steer the boat, battle the often unpredictable wavelets and curves of Old Father Thames, which has seen more than one spectacular capsize in the history of the famous race. Interestingly,", "The first boat race between Putney and Mortlake took place in 1845, and Hammersmith Bridge became a popular vantage point. Mayhem ensued, with up to 12,000 people crowding on, causing concern about the strain this was causing to the bridge. Since 1882, the bridge has been closed on race day, but normally takes you between Hammersmith on the north bank across the river to Barnes.", "Since 1829 the Boat Race has been rowed every year except those of the two World Wars, in 1914-18 and 1940-45. Except for the first Boat Race, the early Boat Races were held at Westminster-Putney course in London but, by 1845, Westminster was so overcrowded that the Race was moved six miles up-stream to Putney which, in bygone days, was a quaint country village. From 1856, this annual event was moved to the Putney-Mortlake course and has been contested there ever since.", "The event takes place annually around Easter time. Despite frequently glum weather, the race always attracts tens of thousands of spectators along the route with many congregating at the start in Putney (pictured) on the south bank of the Thames.", "The Waterloo to Reading railway line runs through Mortlake, which has a pedestrianised riverside, two riverside pubs and a village green. The Boat Race finishes at Mortlake every April.", "The race will be covered live on the BBC, streamed on their website, and on a number of radio stations . The riverbank will attract approximately 250,000 spectators, congregating around Putney Embankment (opposite a big screen), Bishop's Park Fulham, Craven Cottage, Thames Reach, Hammersmith Bridge, Furnivall Gardens (another big screen), Chiswick Pier, Duke's Meadows and Chiswick Bridge. Many of the pubs along the route run special offers on Boat Race day. Watch out for railway works and replacement buses along the South West Trains routes in the area, although the Tube should be running as usual.", "It wasn’t run again until 1836, this time in London, between Westminster and Putney. It didn’t run on the present course, from Putney to Mortlake, until 1845, and became an annual event in 1856, with an official distance of four miles and 374 yards.", "The challenge was accepted and the first race was rowed at Henley on June 10th 1829. The next two decades are notable for the arguments that took place between the two universities on details relating to the arrangements for the race and although races were held in 1836, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, 1845, 1846, 1849, 1852 and 1854 it was not until 1856 that it became an annual event. Since then this entirely amateur, private challenge between the Clubs of the two ancient universities has only been interrupted during war years. From 1836 to 1842 the Race was rowed from Westminster to Putney, but from 1845 onwards, because of the heavy commercial traffic on that stretch of the river, it has always been held on the Putney to Mortlake stretch of the Tideway. Three times in the early years it was raced from Mortlake to Putney but otherwise it has always been from Putney to Mortlake.", "Putney is the starting-point of the race, and Mortlake its goal, and the course is about four miles and a half. The time occupied in the race has varied from about twenty-one to twenty five minutes. Formerly the race was sometimes rowed from Putney to Mortlake, and at others the reverse way; but of late years the starting-point has always been near the ugly iron aqueduct of the Chelsea Water-works Company, just above Putney Bridge.", "The Boat Race is one of the biggest free sporting events in London. See it from one of the many vantage points along the riverbank such as Putney, Hammersmith, Barnes or Chiswick.", "But then in 1845 it finally came to be held over what we know as the modern course, from Putney to Mortlake.", "The next Prudential RideLondon-Surrey 100 will take place on Sunday 2nd August 2015. If you would like to cycle for CRY next year please email events@c-r-y.org.uk or visit www.c-r-y.org.uk/prudential-ridelondonsurrey-100-2nd-august-2015 Omission: Virgin Money London Marathon 2014 Apologies to Sacha Reeves, who ran the Virgin Money London Marathon 2014 in memory of Jeremy Cole and crossed the line in a lightning 2 hours 50 minutes and 30 seconds. This was omitted from the article in Update 63.", "The Boat Race is a rowing race in England between the Oxford University Boat Club and the Cambridge University Boat Club. It is rowed annually each spring on the Thames in London . The event is a popular one, not only with the alumni of the universities, but also with rowers in general and the public. An estimated quarter of a million people watch the race live from the banks of the river, around seven to nine million people on TV in the UK, and an overseas audience estimated by the Boat Race Company of around 120 million, however, other estimates put the international audience below 20 million. The first race was in 1829 and it has been held annually since 1856, with the exception of the two world wars.", "Doggett’s Coat and Badge Race started in 1715 by Irish actor and comedian Thomas Doggett in honour of King George I’s accession to the throne. It is the oldest single sculling race in the world and is the oldest organised race in English history. In order that the race be continued, Doggett bequeathed money to the Worshipful Company of Fishmongers who still organise it. In his legacy, Doggett provided for prizes, including a splendid red coat and silver badge, which is awarded to the champion oarsman. The winner is especially fitted for the Doggett livery. The coat is a reddish orange colour and is tight-waisted, full-skirted and buttoned down the front. When the coat and silver badge have been made for the winner, he attends a colourful ceremony dating back many years at Fishmongers’ Hall at London Bridge. He enters the banqueting room to a fanfare of trumpets and passes a guard of honour of previous winners who are also wearing their Doggett’s livery. The course covers just over four and three quarter miles (7.24 km) and is only open to young watermen or women under the age of 26 on the day of the race. The race is watched by crowds of people on London’s bridges as well as from boats moored along the route. Some 15-20 boats also follow the race down the Thames.", "More than twenty rowing clubs are based on the River Thames at Putney Embankment in a landscape which now forms part of a Conservation Area identified by the Borough Council as \"unique in London\"; among the largest are London Rowing Club, Thames Rowing Club, Imperial College Boat Club and Vesta Rowing Club. Leander Club owned a boathouse in Putney from 1867 to 1961. The Putney clubs have produced a plethora of Olympic medallists and Henley winners. Putney Town Rowing Club, although retaining Putney's name, has now moved to Kew.", "Racing first took place in 1733 when a two day meeting was held. The next meeting did not happen until July 1820 when a one day meeting was held at Westwood Common. Thereafter one day flat race meetings were held until 4th August 1876. Once flat racing ceased, the course was converted to steeplechase racing, albeit for only a single day each year held on a Friday in May. The final meeting took place on Friday 5th May 1939. The racecourse was an oval of barely a mile in circumference with an uphill finish of 2ï¿½ furlongs. No evidence remains of the racecourse and the land is now used by Much Wenlock Primary School on Racecourse Lane. The patrons were Sir G Pigot, Sir W W Wynn, Mr B Thompson, Mr Beardsworth and Mr Day. Notable races were B Thompson Plate, New Steeplechase and Abbey Huntersï¿½ Chase.", "It was an actor who established one of the most enduring of the traditions of the River Thames. In AD 1715 Thomas Doggett was so grateful to a local waterman for his efforts to ferry him home on a bad night, pulling against the tide, that he set up a rowing race for professional watermen. The winner receives prize money and also the coveted scarlet coat and badge, made of silver � hence the name of the race �Doggett�s Coat and Badge�. The race is still held on August 1st each year when professional watermen row from London Bridge to Chelsea.", "The 2007 race had an estimated 28,000 participants. Briton Jo Pavey won the women's event while Kenyan Micah Kogo won the men's, beating the UK all-comers' record by four seconds with a finishing time of 27:25 minutes. Celebrity participants included Kelly Holmes, Amir Khan and members of the cast of Coronation Street. ", "Thank you Cycling Weekly for now including Graham Webb, within minutes of posting I remembered reading about Dave Marsh winning in 1922.It was in fact a TT run off in Shropshire and organised by the Anfield on behalf of the NCU.The Track Championships were supposed to be held at New Brighton which had no banking to speak off so they decamped to Paris. All this is well documented and if I could remember the title of the book that I read it In I would have checked and bored you with even more information.", "MASSIVE BANGER MEETING 150+ Bangers booked in. Plus Juniors and Drift Rods. Find us between Standlake Village and Witney on the A415. Make a date, it’s going to be epic. Racing starts at 11.30am. View from your own car on the raised banking, bring the kids they’ll love it.", "For the first eight years the racing took place much nearer the town than it did later. At that time there was a lock opposite the Pike and Eel public house at Old Chesterton, and another opposite the Fort St. George on Midsummer Common. It was between those two locks that the races were rowed and then, as later, they were rowed upstream. The starting-posts were 90 ft. apart and the bottom boat started just above the lock, but no bumping was allowed until the sharp corner at the Horse Grind had been passed. The finishing-post stood on the site of the First and Third Trinity boathouse.", "About: Existing venue which hosts all types of races, including internationals, and is in the process of being enhanced. The lake came about as an idea by Eton College teachers in the 60s, who wanted a still-water course rather than the choppy waters of the Thames.", "Cycle racing came in two forms, on the open road they held 'time trials' in which each cyclist (wearing regulation dark clothing) set off at intervals of about 90 seconds to cover a course of 25, 50 or 100 miles, the winner being the contestant with the fastest time. Track racing, using banked wooden tracks of the type used for the Olympics these days or larger circuits in the open and featuring a 'mass start' tended to be more prolongued affairs, one common type was the six-day event in which teams of two riders operated with one or other on the track at all times. Cycle racing was controlled by the National Cyclists Union, the touring side being covered by the Cycle Touring Club." ]	[ 6.47265625, 5.87890625, 5.81640625, 4.80078125, 4.6015625, 4.3671875, 3.51953125, 3.3515625, 3.04296875, 2.896484375, 2.734375, 1.5849609375, 0.6142578125, 0.26904296875, 0.064697265625, -0.37451171875, -0.5625, -0.75537109375, -1.3798828125, -3.333984375, -3.701171875, -4.03125, -4.1328125, -4.19140625, -4.23828125, -5.3046875, -6.79296875, -7.4609375, -7.65625, -7.6875, -7.8671875, -8.015625 ]
How is the sport of tauromachy better known?	[ "Bullfighting ( or ; or ), also known as tauromachia or tauromachy ( , ; from \"bull-fight\"), is a traditional spectacle of Spain, Portugal, parts of southern France and some Latin American countries (Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela and Peru),[http://www.cas-international.org/es/home/sufrimiento-de-toros-y-caballos/corridas-de-toros/corridas-de-toros-en-latinoamerica/ Corridas de Toros en Latinoamérica] in which one or more bulls are fought by humans in a bullring. Although it can be defined as a blood sport, within the areas where it is practiced it is not considered a sport, since there are no elements of competition. Instead, it is considered a highly ritualized cultural event and art form which some see as deeply tied to Hispanic culture and identity. ", "The Corrida de Toros is the internationally best known example of tauromachy, the sphere of bull-related cultural events and activities held in countries such as Spain, France, Portugal, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, Venezuela and Ecuador. In the English-speaking world it is often confused or mixed up with related activities such as the running of the bulls (the most popular of these events are the runs held during the yearly San Fermin festival in Pamplona), horseback bullfighting, known as rejoneo, and events such as recortes comptetitions or the French custom of course camarguaise. ", "This odd sport is more commonly known as \"vaulting.\" Riders at the Olympics had to perform moves both with the horse stopped and at a canter, as well as with a saddle and bareback. There have been several attempts to get vaulting included once again in the Olympic Games; it was demonstrated at the 1984 and 1996 Olympics. Nowadays, though, gymnasts simply stick to the pommel horse and the vault for these sorts of feats.", " Sports are an integral part of Switzerland's national life. The Swiss Olympic Association, the national clearinghouse for sports activities, estimated that its membership embraced some 3.5 million individuals and more than 25,000 separate organizations at the start of the 21st century, and nearly every commune in the country boasts several sports clubs, from mountaineering to football ( soccer ) to windsurfing. Local competitions are abundant, the most famous of which is the annual Knabenschiessen festival, held in Zürich each September, bringing teenagers together to compete in archery and other shooting events. Along with regular Sunday-morning shooting, other sports played in the country include Swiss-style wrestling ( Schwingen ), gymnastics , Hornussen (a kind of Alpine baseball), tennis , golf , ice hockey , basketball , floor handball, gliding , paragliding , hang gliding , sailing , and swimming . There is fishing in the lakes and rivers, and, when certain mountain lakes freeze over, they are used for curling and even horse racing.", "ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ The formal competition consists of nine suertes or riding and roping competitive events for men.ï¿½ The nine suertes include: (1) cala or a reining competition displaying horse control; (2) piales en el lienzo or roping a running horse by the hind legs while on horseback; (3) colas or bull tailing; (4) jinete de novillos or bull riding; (5) jinete de yeguas or wild mare riding; (6) terna or team bull roping; (7) manganas a pie or roping the front legs of a horse while on foot; (8) manganas a caballo or roping the front legs of a horse from horseback; and (9) paso de muerte or jumping from a bareback running horse to a running wild mare.ï¿½ Since 1992, the escaramuza, a female precision riding team that displays horse riding skills through the execution of choreographed patterns in the arena, has become formally instituted as an official competitive event.ï¿½", "Karate means “empty hand”. Numerous national and international associations represent its 70 styles. The World Karate Federation claims 10 million members and 100 million supporters, and is said to be the most widely practised Oriental martial art. Clubs have prospered in western countries, and classes for children are particularly popular, with many parents perhaps seeing karate as a controlled channel for excessive aggression. It teaches breathing as well as fighting techniques, and emphasizes silent meditation. Shortlisted in 2009 for entry into the Olympics, it lost out to golf and rugby sevens, richer sports with superior lobbying power.", "New Zealand is known for its extreme sports, adventure tourism and strong mountaineering tradition.[300] Other outdoor pursuits such as cycling, fishing, swimming, running, tramping, canoeing, hunting, snowsports and surfing are also popular. The Polynesian sport of waka ama racing has increased in popularity and is now an international sport involving teams from all over the Pacific.", "The sport of luge, like the skeleton and the bobsleigh, originated in the health-spa town of St Moritz, Switzerland, in the mid-to-late 19th century, through the endeavours of hotel entrepreneur Caspar Badrutt.Badrutt successfully sold the idea of winter resorting, as well as rooms with food, drink, and activities. His more adventurous English guests began adapting delivery boys' sleds for recreation, which led to collisions with pedestrians as they sped down the lanes and alleys of the village.", "There are two other equestrian sports that are worth a mention. The first is the PENTATHLON. An equestrian sport that is often overlooked but is probably one of the most challenging, the pentathlon as a sport consists of five sports: fencing, swimming, show jumping, shooting and running. The equestrian element is held after the competitors have performed fencing and a 200m swim. Athletes have to ride a course of 12 jumps on an unfamiliar horse, no easy feat for any rider, especially not one who has just swum 200m! The second is PARA-DRESSAGE, part of the Paralympics. In para-dressage each rider is classified as a particular grade (Ia, Ib, II, III or IV) depending upon their disability with grade IV being the least disabled.", "Rodeo is the country's national sport and is practiced in the more rural areas of the nation. A sport similar to hockey called chueca was played by the Mapuche people during the Spanish conquest. Skiing and snowboarding are practiced at ski centers located in the Central Andes, and in southern ski centers near to cities as Osorno, Puerto Varas, Temuco and Punta Arenas. surfing is popular at some coastal towns. Polo is professionally practiced within Chile, with the country achieving top prize in the 2008 and 2015 World Polo Championship.", "While it may be true that curlers aren't as edgy as snowboarders and skiers, curling is a rapidly growing sport in the United States and around the world. The sport has gained a significant following during the past two Winter Olympic Games, leading television ratings for all Winter Olympic sports. In February 2006, the US Curling Association website received 100 million verifiable hits, with a record 12.5 million on February 16. Curling was the third most-searched topic on MSN.com during the Games.", "There are a number of contenders for the oldest sporting contest in Britain, the motherland of modern sport. The Antient Scorton Silver Arrow in North Yorkshire, for example, boasts on its Web site of a history of archery competition dating to 1673 (“except in periods of various Wars”), while the Ancient Society of Kilwinning Archers, based in Scotland, brags that its Annual Papingo Shoot goes back nearly 200 years before that.", "Iran is the birthplace of polo, known as čowgān in Persian, and košti e pahlevāni, which means \"the heroic wrestling\". Freestyle wrestling has been traditionally regarded as Iran's national sport, where the national team has been Olympic and world champion.", "In Australia and New Zealand, as well as some European countries, the sheaf is considered a sport in its own right, with contestants training hard to perfect their skills at this single event.", "Monté (races to saddle) have recently been introduced in larger scale in Sweden and Norway, to increase interest and recruitment to the sport. Saddled events are also commonplace in France and though less frequent, they are not considered exceptional in other European trotting nations.", "In its oldest forms, the sport was enjoyed by Egyptians, Syrians and Ancient Greeks. But it was the Romans who brought the idea to our shores. Although we already had a profound love for the animals, and used them for transportation and warfare, it wasn’t until around 200 AD that soldiers organised the first competitions.", "Perhaps the highest-profile sporting event is the Étoiles de Pau (\"Stars of Pau\"). Held annually in October, it is one of only six annual competitions in eventing that receive the highest rating of CCI** from equestrianism 's world governing body, the FEI .", "Kyudo attracted the attention of foreigners through books such as \"Zen in the Art of Archery,\" by Eugen Herrigel, in which the focus on spirituality was introduced, and even though it isn't an Olympic sport it's enjoyed especially in Europe and the United States with sports associations established there. On May 2, 2006, the International Kyudo Federation was founded in order to popularize and promote Kyudo.", "Gymanstics, as an activity sport, has been around for over 2000 years but as an competitive sport it is a little more than 100 years old. Mass and individual exhibitions were conducted by various clubs and ethnic groups such as the Turvereins and Sok ols.", "Perhaps the highest-profile sporting event is the Étoiles de Pau (\"Stars of Pau\"). Held annually in October, it is one of only six annual competitions in eventing that receive the highest rating of CCI** from equestrianism's world governing body, the FEI. It's also the only event of this level in France.", "Germany has been a regular competitor in Olympic Curling since the sport was reintroduced at the 1998 Winter Olympics. The German men's and women's teams both won World Curling Championships in 1992 and 1994. A related sport, known as Eisstockschiessen or ice stock sport, is played in southern Germany.", "a triple-twisting double back somersault, originally performed as \"2½ in - ½ out\", nowadays usually performed as \"full in - double full out\", with 1 twist in the 1st somersault, and 2 twists in the 2nd somersault; named after Wayne Miller (USA) - winner, 1966 & 1970 world championships.", "A triple-twisting double Back Somersault, originally performed as \"2½ In - ½ Out\", nowadays usually performed as \"Full In - Double Full Out\", with 1 twist in the 1st Somersault, and 2 twists in the 2nd Somersault; Named after Wayne Miller (USA) - Winner, 1966 & 1970 World Championships.", "A variety of clubs and private facilities for athletics include: For flying enthusiasts, the Aero club de Dakar offers flying lessons and rental of private planes. The archery club uses facilities at the Cercle de l'Etrier (CED). (Bowhunting is illegal in Senegal.) A 12-hole golf course is located near Dakar at Camberene. The Meridien President Hotel has an 18-hole and 9-hole course and very good facilities. Horseback riding is popular; Dakar has six riding clubs. Membership and riding fees are comparable to U.S. costs. Boarding and lessons are available. Dakar has 11 tennis clubs. Some are equipped with showers and a bar.", "The International Federation for Equestrian Sports (, FEI) is the international governing body of equestrian sports. ", "FISA first organised a European Rowing Championships in 1893. An annual World Rowing Championships was introduced in 1962. Rowing has also been conducted at the Olympic Games since 1900 (cancelled at the first modern Games in 1896 due to bad weather).", "FISA first organized a European Rowing Championships in 1893. An annual World Rowing Championships was introduced in 1962. Rowing has also been conducted at the Olympic Games since 1900 (cancelled at the first modern Games in 1896 due to bad weather). ", "In addition to the classical Olympic events, the following forms of competition are seen. In North America they are referred to as \"English riding\" in contrast with western-style riding; elsewhere in the world, if a distinction is necessary, they are usually described as \"classic riding\":", "Find out about the Ancient Greek origin of gymnastics, and learn additional details about modern competitions and scoring.", "Popular chestnut ridden by household name David Broome; they won European titles in 1967 and 1969 and a bronze medal at the Mexico Olympics.", "I also remember seeing some footage of Brumel, I believe it was in a film about the 1960 Olympics. The film “Olympia” (Leni Riefenstahl) about the 1936 olympics also features a tremendous amount of footage of high quality slow motion jumping.", "One of the best things about the Olympic Games is seeing sports that usually struggle to get any attention at all suddenly thrust into the spotlight." ]	[ 3.705078125, 1.7236328125, -5.07421875, -5.265625, -5.62890625, -5.703125, -5.828125, -6.32421875, -6.515625, -6.52734375, -6.8359375, -6.87890625, -7.09375, -7.140625, -7.1875, -7.31640625, -7.515625, -7.5859375, -7.609375, -7.6875, -7.6953125, -8.40625, -8.65625, -8.6875, -8.984375, -9.40625, -9.4609375, -10.15625, -10.3984375, -10.5625, -10.7265625, -10.921875 ]
How many kilometres long is the walk - the longest race in men's athletics?	[ "The men's 50-kilometer, or 31-mile, racewalk is the longest athletic race in the Olympic Games. Although racewalking debuted at the 1908 Olympics, the 50-km race was not introduced until the 1932 Olympic Games. Today, 20-km men's and women's events are also offered.", "Abbreviated racewalking events are held reasonably often, with IAAF records kept for the 3 kilometre women's walk [5] and the 5 kilometre men's walk. [6]", "Walking races of 10 miles and 3,500 metres were added to the men’s Olympic program in 1908. Since 1956, however, the Olympic distances have been 20 and 50 km. A women’s 10-km walk was introduced at the 1992 Games; at the 2000 Games the women’s walking event was extended to 20 km.", "Race walking: Usually conducted on open roads. Common events are 10 km, 20 km, and 50 km.", "In the sport of athletics, long-distance events are defined as races covering three kilometres (1.86 miles) and above. The three most common types are track running, road running and cross country running, all of which are defined by their terrain – all-weather tracks, roads and natural terrain, respectively. Typical long-distance track races range from 3000 metres to 10,000 metres (6.2 miles), cross country races usually cover 5 to 12 km (3 to 7½ miles), while road races can be significantly longer, reaching 100 kilometres (60 miles) and beyond. In collegiate cross country races in the United States, men race 8000 or 10000 meters, depending on their division, whereas women race 6000 meters [http://www.runningwritings.com/2011/12/should-you-think-about-running-in.html]. The Summer Olympics features three long-distance running events: the 5000 metres, 10,000 metres and marathon (42.195 kilometres, or 26 miles and 385 yards). Since the late 1980s, Kenyans and Ethiopians have dominated in the long-distance competitions of international multi-sport events. ", "IMAGE: Takayuki Tanii of Japan competes in the Men's 50km Race Walk final. Photograph: Cameron Spencer/Getty Images", "The current world record time for men over the distance is 2 hours 2 minutes and 57 seconds, set in the Berlin Marathon by Dennis Kimetto of Kenya on 28 September 2014, an improvement of 26 seconds over the previous record also set in the Berlin Marathon by Wilson Kipsang, also of Kenya on 29 September 2013. The world record for women was set by Paula Radcliffe of Great Britain in the London Marathon on 13 April 2003, in 2 hours 15 minutes and 25 seconds. ", "The marathon is a long-distance running event with an official distance of 42.195 kilometres, usually run as a road race. The event was instituted in commemoration of the fabled run of the Greek soldier Pheidippides, a messenger from the Battle of Marathon to Athens, who reported the victory. The marathon was one of the original modern Olympic events in 1896, though the distance did not become standardized until 1921. More than 500 marathons are held throughout the world each year, with the vast majority of competitors being recreational athletes as larger marathons can have tens of thousands of participants. This channel was generated automatically by YouTube's video discovery system.", "The marathon is a long-distance running event with an official distance of 42.195 kilometres (26 miles and 385 yards), that is usually run as a road race. The event was instituted in commemoration of the fabled run of the Greek", "The 10,000 meters is the longest standard track event. Most of those running such races also compete in road races and cross country running events. The world record for men:", "Whilst walking was part of colonial life, especially in the Gold Rush period when newly arrived immigrants walked to the diggings, long distance walking became a very popular form of amateur athletics. In 1878 W. Edwards won a 100 miles race in 24 hours in 1878. In 1882 he won a six-day tournament over 432 miles around Melbourne.", "long distance race run over 42 km 195 m or 26 miles 385 yards. Introduced at the first modern Olympic Games in 1896 to commemorate the run by a Greek courier from Marathon to Athens in 490 BC. See Pheidippides.", "The longer of the two Olympic race walking distances – and the longest athletics event on the Olympic programme – is the only athletics event at major championships still contested by men only.", "The marathon was not an event of the ancient Olympic Games. The marathon is a modern event that was first introduced in the Modern Olympic Games of 1896 in Athens, a race from Marathon—northeast of Athens—to the Olympic Stadium, a distance of 42.195 kilometers. The race commemorates the run of Pheidippides, an ancient “day runner” who carried the news of the Persian landing at Marathon of 490 BC to Sparta (a distance of 149 miles) in order to enlist help for the battle. According to the fifth-century BC ancient Greek historian Herodotus, Pheidippides delivered the news to the Spartans the next day. The distance of the modern marathon was standardized as 26 miles and 385 yards or 42.195 kilometers in 1908 when the Olympic Games were held in London. The distance was the exact measurement between Windsor Castle, the start of the race, and the finish line inside White City Stadium.", "This annual run is the largest event of its kind in the world, attracting upwards of 30,000 participants (not all of them female). It's less a competition than an opportunity to raise money for charity, and the vast majority of people walk rather than run the 10km (six-mile) course.", "Eliud Kipchoge is the most dominant marathoner in the world after a 10-year career on the track, where he won Olympic bronze and silver medals at 5,000 meters. Since transitioning to the roads, Kipchoge has won six of his seven marathons, with his most recent 2:03:04 victory at the London Marathon being just eight seconds shy of breaking the world record. A gold medal may vault Kipchoge into the conversation of greatest marathoners of all time.", "That is the question no-one can really answer, which is what makes this year’s race so intriguing. His three world titles and two Olympic gold medals have made him the dominant force in global distance running in recent years but whether he can handle 26.2 miles while taking on the world’s greatest marathon specialists remains to be seen. Farah admits the race is the biggest challenge of his career – tougher even than his Olympic 5,000 and 10,000 metres finals.", "Both world records were set by East Germans competing in the German city of Neubrandenberg. Jurgen Schult set the men’s mark of 74.08 meters (243 feet, 0 inches) on June 6, 1986, while Gabriele Reinsch established the women’s record with a toss of 76.80 meters (252 feet, 0 inches) on July 9, 1988. Schult's mark is the longest-standing world record in men's track and field history, surpassing the 25-year 79-day reign of Jesse Owens' 1936 long jump world mark.", "The race was founded by the former Olympic champion and journalist Chris Brasher and athlete John Disley. It is organised by Hugh Brasher (son of Chris) as Race Director and Nick Bitel as Chief Executive. Set over a largely flat course around the River Thames, the race begins at three separate points around Blackheath and finishes in The Mall alongside St. James's Park. Since the first marathon, the course has undergone very few route changes. In 1982, the finishing post was moved from Constitution Hill to Westminster Bridge due to construction works. It remained there for twelve years before moving to its present location at The Mall.", "The London Marathon, one of the six World Marathon Majors, has been contested by men and women annually since 29 March 1981. Set over a largely flat course around the River Thames, the marathon is in length and generally regarded as a competitive and unpredictable event, and conducive to fast times. ", "Race walking first appeared at the Olympics in 1904 with a half-mile race that was part of the 10-event ‘All-Around Championship’, an early forerunner of the decathlon. Individual races, initially over shorter distances than are common today, were introduced at the Intercalated Games of 1906 and, apart from the 1928 Amsterdam Games, have been a fixture at Olympic Games and IAAF World Championships ever since.", "In recent years, Kipchoge has reaped the benefits of switching from long-distance track-running to long-distance road-running. The pinnacle of this event shift for Kipchoge came as recently as April 2016 when he won the London Marathon with the second fastest time ever on an eligible course. He finished just eight seconds outside the world record mark, crossing the line in 2:03:05.", "Race walking dates from the 17th and 18th centuries. The first competitors were the footmen who would run and/or walk by the side of their masters’ coaches. The aristocracy of the day began to stake wagers as to which of their footmen would win a race – some of which lasted for six days! – and the sport became an increasingly popular professional activity during the 19th century, when it was known as 'pedestrianism'.", "If there was an unofficial theme of the 1912 Games, it was endurance. The course for the cycling road race was 320km (199 miles), the longest race of any kind in Olympic history. In Greco-Roman wrestling, the middleweight semi-final match between Russian Martin Klein and Finland’s Alfred Asikainen lasted 11 hours.", "The Virgin Money London Marathon is the largest annual fundraising event on the planet - runners have raised over £750 million for good causes since the race began in 1981. The course follows an iconic route taking in many of London's landmarks, from the Cutty Sark and the City to St James' Park and The Mall.", "\"I have been asked to comment on the decision to hold three races in a day in the 2017 World Championships. The World championships are not the Olympics and do not have their pulling power. The London Olympics had five events finishing in the same place and they had three weekends of closure in the Mall. We looked at several courses in Hyde Park and they were not suitable to hold a World Championship event. The Mall is not available on 5th and 6th August. The only available date is the 13th August and the LOC have agreed to hold three events in one day.The IAAF walking committee, which includes four Olympic medallists, voted in favour of three walks in one day.\"", "It is said that Ernest Neville informally walked from London to Brighton as a 14-year old in 1897. Obviously, the 'die was cast' as he became a life-long athletics administrator & promoter especially of ultra-distance events. He was the leading figure in the formation of the Road Walking Association in 1907, the Centurians in 1911, and the RRC (Road Runners Club) in 1952, which was inspired by the very successful inaugural London to Brighton Ultra Running Race on August 11th 1951, organised by Ernest Neville, who was very experienced in organising ultra-distance walking races, including such races over that course.", "The 1908 games were originally to be held in Rome, but were reassigned to London at short notice and held at the purpose-built White City stadium. Famously, the marathon ended in dramatic fashion when the race leader, Dorando Pietri of Italy, was disqualified after he collapsed and had to be helped over the finishing line. Widely recognised as the best organised Games to date, they featured 22 nations, 110 events and more than 2,000 athletes.", "The 1908 London Games established what is now the customary distance of the marathon. The exact reasons are in dispute, myth intertwining like a vine with fact over the past century. But the result, Wallechinsky said, was a race length that was “completely arbitrary.”", "This multiday race is held every year in southern Morocco, in the Sahara Desert. It is considered the toughest foot race on Earth. The first event of the Marathon started in 1986.", "The race is held on a road course. At major championships, race walks often start and finish in the main stadium but sometimes races finish in places of historic or scenic interest.", "From its earliest roots being categorized as Pedestrianism, through to its acceptance into the Olympic schedule, racewalking has remained a popular form of exercise and sport. This has led to a number of clubs and organizations being established across the US and the world, and a large number of competitions being held on a regular basis, including a World Race Walking Challenge organised by the IAAF." ]	[ 6.30859375, 3.4609375, 2.8671875, 2.302734375, 2.11328125, 1.341796875, 0.80322265625, 0.67578125, 0.044647216796875, -0.373291015625, -1.1025390625, -1.2802734375, -1.44140625, -1.509765625, -2.04296875, -2.12890625, -2.369140625, -2.38671875, -2.744140625, -2.869140625, -2.900390625, -3.06640625, -3.482421875, -3.490234375, -3.70703125, -5.078125, -5.125, -5.609375, -5.859375, -5.87890625, -5.93359375, -6.78125 ]
Which three footballers won the BBC Sports Personality Of The Year Award in the 20th century?	[ "In 1999, a one-off award voted for by the British public selected a Sports Personality of the Century. Muhammad Ali accumulated more votes from BBC viewers than the combined total of George Best, Pelé, Donald Bradman, Jack Nicklaus, and Jesse Owens. ", "To celebrate the golden anniversary of the show, a special award was voted for by the public to recognise an all-time Golden Sports Personality from the previous winners of the last 49 years. [90] A shortlist of five was planned to contain one winner from each decade of the award; [91] however, the actual shortlist contained two winners from the most recent decade—rower Steve Redgrave , who won the award, and footballer David Beckham . The other members of the shortlist were footballer Bobby Moore , cricketer Ian Botham and ice skating duo Torvill and Dean . [35]", "Other awards have been presented in the past. Special Achievement Awards have been presented on five occasions: to jockey Lester Piggott in 1984 and 1994, [5] disabled marathon runner Dennis Moore in 1981, comedian David Walliams in 2006, and comedian Eddie Izzard in 2009. Sebastian Coe picked up a Special Gold Award in 2005 for his work in helping Britain obtain the right to host the 2012 Olympics . [6] Five awards have been presented once: Manager of the Year in 1969, a Special Team Award in 1986, Good Sport Awards in 1990, an International Team Award in 1983, and the Sports Personality of the Century Award in 1999. [1] In 2003, to celebrate fifty years of Sports Personality of the Year, two special anniversary awards were created to recognise the best team and Sports Personality from the previous fifty years. Rower Steve Redgrave was voted BBC Golden Sports Personality of the Year and England's 1966 World Cup -winning football team was chosen as Team of the Decades . [7]", "On 24 July 2008 it was announced that Hughes will be inducted into the National Football Museum's Hall of Fame. The National Football Museum in Preston started its Hall of Fame in 2002 with the inductees chosen by a selection panel that includes Gordon Banks , Sir Trevor Brooking , Sir Alex Ferguson , Sir Bobby Charlton , Jack Charlton , Mark Lawrenson and Gary Lineker . The awards will be presented at the annual ceremony, this year being held at the Millennium Mayfair Hotel in London on September 18. [2]", "The English national team suffered two shock defeats in the early 1950s: a 1–0 loss to the United States at the 1950 World Cup, and a 6–3 defeat to Hungary at Wembley in 1953. However, Wolverhampton Wanderers defeated the Hungarian club Budapest Honvéd, a match which inspired the creation of the European Cup. Chelsea were persuaded against participating in the first season of the European Cup in 1955–56, but Manchester United ignored such advice and went on to reach the semi-final of the 1956–57 edition, losing to the eventual winners Real Madrid. In the following season's European Cup, Manchester United was involved in the Munich Air Disaster: this also affected the national team as three of the players who lost their lives – Roger Byrne, Tommy Taylor and Duncan Edwards – were established England internationals. Their manager Matt Busby was seriously injured but survived; he had already taken United to FA Cup glory in 1948 and another league title triumph in 1952 with an earlier side which featured the likes of Johnny Carey, Jack Rowley and Stan Pearson.", "Moore became a national icon as a consequence of England’s success, with him and the other two West Ham players taking the World Cup around the grounds which West Ham visited during the following domestic season. He was awarded the coveted BBC Sports Personality of the Year title at the end of 1966, the first footballer to do so, and remaining the only one for a further 24 years. He was also decorated with the OBE in the New Year Honours List.", "Beckham played a major role in helping England qualify for the 2002 FIFA World Cup, starring in an impressive 5–1 victory over Germany in Munich. The final step in Beckham's conversion from villain to national hero happened in England's final qualifying game against Greece on 6 October 2001. England needed to win or draw the match to qualify outright for the World Cup, but were losing 2–1 with little time remaining. When Teddy Sheringham was fouled eight yards outside the Greek penalty area, England were awarded a free-kick and Beckham ensured England's qualification with a curling strike of the kind that had become his trademark. Beckham was voted the BBC Sports Personality of the Year for 2001, and finished runner-up, to Luís Figo of Portugal, for the FIFA World Player of the Year award. ", "Cohen was awarded the MBE in 2000, along with four team-mates from 1966 after a campaign from sections of the media who were surprised that the quintet had never been officially recognised for their part in England's success. The others were Ball, Wilson, Nobby Stiles and Roger Hunt.", "In 2000, Ball and four other members of the World Cup winning team were awarded the MBE for their services to football. Ball, along with Roger Hunt, Nobby Stiles, Ray Wilson and George Cohen, had to wait more than three decades for official recognition of their achievements. In 2003 Ball was inducted into the English Football Hall of Fame in recognition of his talents.", "Robert Frederick Chelsea \"Bobby\" Moore OBE (12 April 1941 – 24 February 1993) was an English professional footballer. He captained West Ham United for more than ten years and was captain of the England team that won the 1966 World Cup. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest defenders of all time, and was cited by Pelé as the greatest defender that he had ever played against. Moore is a member of the World Team of the 20th Century.", "Sporting Legends : irregular title celebrates sportsmen and sporting achievements, such as George Best, Bobby Moore, superstars of the World Cup and football in the nineties", "Hopes of success at the 1958 finals were hit by the Munich air disaster in February that year, which claimed the lives of eight Manchester United players. Three of the players who died were established England internationals. They were full-back Roger Byrne, who had never missed an England game since making his senior début for the country in 1954, centre-forward Tommy Taylor, who had scored 16 goals in just 19 appearances for his country, and wing-half Duncan Edwards, who was then widely regarded as the finest player in English football.", "The foundations for Total Football were laid by Jack Reynolds, who was the manager of Ajax from 1915–1925, 1928–1940, and 1945–1947. An early form of Total Football was also developed by the Hungarian national football team of the 1950s, the Magical Magyars, who were managed by Gusztáv Sebes and were especially inspired by the experienced coaching of Burnley born and bred Jimmy Hogan. The first British side, and one of the first in the world to be an exponent of Total Football were Burnley F.C. in the 1950s. Led by Harry Potts, Burnley went on to win the 1959-60 English League title with an attacking, dominating style of football \"where every footballer in the team could play at every position\", nowadays known as Total Football. Burnley's style of play won many admirers, including all-time English First Division top scorer Jimmy Greaves. ", "The Cup final jinx continued into the early 1960s. Future Wigan chairman Dave Whelan broke a leg as Blackburn lost to Wolves in 1960; Leicester’s Len Chalmers went down early in 1961, allowing Tottenham to complete the first league-and-cup double of the 20th century with relative ease. Substitutes were eventually allowed in the English game in 1965; Dennis Clarke of West Bromwich Albion was the first to be used in an FA Cup final, coming on in his team’s 1-0 win over Everton in 1968.", "Giggs also has a number of personal achievements. He was the first player in history to win two consecutive PFA Young Player of the Year awards (1992 and 1993), though he did not win the PFA Player of the Year award until 2009. He was the only player to play in each of the first 22 seasons of the Premier League , as well as the only player to score in each of the first 21 seasons. He was elected into the PFA Team of the Century in 2007, the Premier League Team of the Decade in 2003, as well as the FA Cup Team of the Century. Giggs holds the record for the most assists in Premier League history, with 271. He was named as BBC Sports Personality of the Year in 2009. In addition to the many honours Giggs has received within football, he was appointed an OBE in the Queen's 2007 Birthday Honours List for his services to football.", "Widely thought of as the world's best ever footballer, it came as little surprise when Pele was presented with the Lifetime Achievement award in 2005. His second BBC award, the Brazilian won three World Cups from the age of 17 and is credited with scoring over 1000 goals during his 22 year career.", "Having been one of British football's finest ever talents, George Best was honoured with the Lifetime Achievement award in 2002. Best died less than three years after receiving the prize due to complications resulting from a liver transplant completed in 2002. The player had lit up English and European football in the 1960s, winning the European Cup with Manchester United in 1968, followed by the Ballon d'Or in the same year.", "1960 Gary Lineker, footballer, and former England captain, was born. Despite his long career, Lineker was never cautioned by a referee for foul play, a feat equalled only by Billy Wright, John Charles and Sir Stanley Matthews, although none of those players subsequently made a career hawking crisps.", "Sir Stanley Matthews - the first professional footballer to be knighted - was the most renowned player of modern times.", "Most famously, Clough told the brilliant but injury-troubled Eddie Gray that if he had been a horse, he would have been shot long ago. He told Norman Hunter that he was hated across the land but really he yearned to be loved. Hunter, a superb player whose ferocious tackling was also accompanied by such natural ability that he would have been an automatic choice for England but for the misfortune of being born at roughly the same time as World Cup-winning captain Bobby Moore, muttered that he did not give a \"fuck\".", "The footballer is regarded as one of the greatest footballers of the 20 century and became a UN goodwill ambassador before he finished his footballing career.", "John Charles, the footballer the Italians dubbed Il Gigante Buono - The Gentle Giant - holds a unique record. Hes the only British player to have been crowned Capocannoniere. The Welsh international forward topped the Italian scoring chart in 1957-58 his very first season in Italy with Juventus. That season Charles, one of several outstanding footballers to hail from Swansea, helped Juventus win their first Scudetto for six years. He was also named Italys Player of the Year.", "In 1987, he moved to Manchester United, with whom he achieved great success, winning the Premier League, FA Cup, Football League Cup and European Cup Winners' Cup. He also became the first English player of the 20th century to captain a team to the Double. Despite his success on the field, he was never selected to play for the England national team. Commentators and contemporaries have described him as one of the best English players of the 1980s and 1990s never to play for his country at full international level.", "He was elected the best player of the century in a poll done by the winners of the Golden Ball. IFFHS named him the best player in the world and the International Olympic Committee awarded him the title of the best athlete of the twentieth century. He was considered the best player ever in a survey conducted by the members of the Football Committee of that institution and the FIFA Magazine subscribers.", "Sir Stanley is the only player ever to have been knighted while still playing. He was also the first winner of the European Footballer of the Year and Football Writers' Association Footballer of the Year awards.", "\"The Wizard of Dribble\" is arguably one of the best players this country has ever produced. Winner of the Football Writer's Association Award in 1948 and 1963 along with European Footballer of the year in 1956.", "Competition resumed with the 1950 World Cup in Brazil, which was the first to include British participants. British teams withdrew from FIFA in 1920, partly out of unwillingness to play against the countries they had been at war with, and partly as a protest against a foreign influence to football,[13] but rejoined in 1946 following FIFA's invitation. However, England's involvement was not to be a success. The English failed to make the final group round in a campaign that included a surprise 1–0 loss to the United States .[14]", "On 22 January 1920, World Cup-winning England manager and apparent psychic Alf Ramsey was born in London.", "Who was the first and only footballer to be knighted while still an active professional player?", "He was the unimpeachable knight of football, an icon known as The Wizard of the Dribble who played in the top flight until he was 50.", "Since 1896, there have been hundreds of athletes who have made their marks and endeared themselves to millions of fans around the world.", "So if we were to put together a team of the very best ever players, who would be in it?" ]	[ 3.673828125, 3.408203125, 2.302734375, 0.9208984375, -1.2578125, -1.2685546875, -1.89453125, -2.11328125, -2.181640625, -2.837890625, -2.84375, -3.08984375, -3.240234375, -3.490234375, -3.634765625, -3.953125, -4.12109375, -4.234375, -5.015625, -5.07421875, -5.1796875, -5.26953125, -5.28125, -5.43359375, -6.171875, -6.953125, -7.1328125, -7.98828125, -8.375, -8.46875, -8.6484375, -9.0546875 ]
What is Sir Donald Bradman's test cricket batting average?	[ "Sir Donald George \"Don\" Bradman, AC (27 August 1908 – 25 February 2001), often referred to as \"The Don\", was an Australian cricketer, widely acknowledged as the greatest batsman of all time. Bradman's career Test batting average of 99.94 is often cited as the greatest achievement by any sportsman in any major sport. ", "Many cricket fans consider the late Sir Donald Bradman's Test cricket batting average of 99.94 (across 80 innings) to be the greatest statistical achievement in any sport, but in cricket statistics it's customary to consider Test averages only from players who have played more than 20 innings. Cricket's highest Test batting average technically belongs to a one-hit wonder, West Indian wicketkeeper Andy Ganteaume, who was called up for a single Test against England in 1948 and scored 112 runs in his one and only innings at the crease.", "Sir Donald Bradman is widely considered the greatest batsman of all time. [9] [10] He dominated the sport from 1930 until his retirement in 1948, setting new records for the highest score in a test innings (334 vs England at Headingley in 1930), the most number of runs (6996), the most number of centuries (29), the most number of double centuries and the greatest Test and first-class batting averages. His record for the highest Test batting average – 99.94 – has never been beaten. It is almost 40 runs above the next highest average. He would have finished with an average of over 100 runs per innings if he had not been dismissed for a duck in his last Test. He was knighted in 1949 for services to cricket. He is generally considered one of Australia's greatest sporting heroes.", "Sir Donald Bradman is widely considered the greatest batsman of all time. He dominated the sport from 1930 until his retirement in 1948, setting new records for the highest score in a test innings (334 vs England at Headingley in 1930), the most number of runs (6996), the most number of centuries (29), the most number of double centuries and the greatest Test and first-class batting averages. His record for the highest Test batting average – 99.94 – has never been beaten. It is almost 40 runs above the next highest average. He would have finished with an average of over 100 runs per innings if he had not been dismissed for a duck in his last Test. He was knighted in 1949 for services to cricket. He is generally considered one of Australia's greatest sporting heroes.", "And for Sir Don Bradman, who has an average of 99.94, its 51 of his 52 tests ie, from his 2nd test onward he averaged more than 50.00 in batting.", "Donald Bradman holds the record for the highest average by an Australian (or any other) cricketer with a remarkable average of 99.94. Bradman played 52 tests and struck 29 centuries and 13 fifties in them. [32]", "Unquestionably the greatest batsman of all time, Bradman averaged 99.94 in his 52 Test matches. To put his mastery in perspective, the next best average is held by Graeme Pollock with 60.97. Only 5ft 7in tall, Bradman accumulated his runs through patience, concentration and fine judgement, though some saw his play as mechanical rather than inspired. He dominated Australian cricket throughout the 1930s and 1940s and survived the infamous \"Bodyline\" series against England.", "So Bradman ended with a Test batting average of 99.94 from 52 Tests, a surprisingly small number by modern standards. (Allan Border played in 156 Test matches between 1978 and 1994.) Bradman played 338 innings in first-class matches, and made 28,067 runs with an average of 95.14.", "Bradman, D.G. -- Sir Donald Bradman (1908 - 2001) dominated his chosen sport of cricket like no other has dominated any sport. Clearly the best batsman to have played the modern game he was a relentless accumulator of runs, often at a rapid rate. He holds or held almost too many records to tabulate. His Test record was such that he was only four runs short of averaging 100. No other player in the history of the game has averaged over 65 in international cricket. He took few risks, but was proficient with all strokes. His best scoring stroke was probably the pull, played all along the ground in the arc from mid on to backward square leg. He was an excellent fielder, particularly in the covers, and a capable leg spin bowler. He made 19 hundreds against England between 1928 and 1948, including two triple centuries and 6 double centuries. And of course, he set the world's record score of 452 not out vs. Queensland in 1930. He was Australia's captain between 1936 and 1948, during which time his side won 11 tests, to England's 3. He kept the Ashes through 4 series.", "Australian Donald Bradman, widely considered the greatest batsman of all time, holds several personal and partnership records. He scored the most runs in a series, has the most double centuries and was a part of the record 5th wicket partnership. His most significant record is his batting average of 99.94. One of cricket's most famous statistics, it stands almost 40 runs higher than any other batsman's average. Don Bradman is the only player in the world to have scored 5000 runs against a single opposition: 5028 runs against England. ", "Bradman, D.G. -- Sir Donald Bradman (b.1908) dominated his chosen sport of cricket like no other has dominated any sport. Clearly the best batsman to have played the modern game he was a relentless accumulator of runs , often at a rapid rate. He holds or held almost too many records to tabulate. His Test record was such that he was only four runs short of averaging 100. No other player in the history of the game has averaged over 65 in international cricket. He took few risks, but was proficient with all strokes . His best scoring stroke was probably the pull , played all along the ground in the arc from mid on to backward square leg . He was an excellent field, particularly in the covers , and a capable leg spin bowler . He made 19 hundreds against England between 1928 and 1948, including two triple centuries and 6 double centuries . And of course, he set the world's record score of 452 not out vs. Queensland in 1930. He was Australia's captain between 1936 and 1948, during which time his side won 11 tests , to England's 3. He kept the Ashes through 4 series.", "Don Bradman had a Test average of 99.94 and an overall first-class average of 95.14, records unmatched by any other player. [16]", "* Donald Bradman holds the record for the highest average by an Australian (or any other) cricketer with a remarkable average of 99.94. Bradman played 52 tests and struck 29 centuries and 13 fifties in them. ", "Don Bradman of Australia had a Test average of 99.94 and an overall first-class average of 95.14, records unmatched by any other player.[19]", "When we talk Australia vs England test cricket, we rarely miss one name = Don Bradman, specially when our topic is related to batting. Over 60 years since this great right hander quit the game, with an average of 99.96 from 52 tests, his achievements continue to challenge modern day batters.", "Bradman was not popular with his Australia team-mates, so they were probably grateful he spent so much time in the middle. The Don is so far ahead of the rest it is ridiculous to contemplate anyone surpassing his Test average of 99.94. A player is considered accomplished if he averages the far side of 40; 50-plus and you are in the company of the greats. Across a 20-year career, and even without weaker Test nations - Bangladesh, Zimbabwe - from which to plunder, Bradman excelled. The next best average is 60.97, by Graeme Pollock. Says it all, really.", "During Australia’s tour of England in 1930, the young Don Bradman dominated the English bowlers. During the Test series, Bradman scored 974 runs (an average of 139.14) including one single century, two doubles and a triple (334), which broke the world Test batting record. This caused significant disquiet for the English cricketing community but elation in Australia where Bradman returned a hero.", "Don Bradman was the greatest batsman of all time, and nothing is more impressive than his outstanding average of 99.94 in 52 test matches. A staggering average whichever way you look at it, and it could have so nearly touched 100 but Eric Hollies ruined the party with a brilliant delivery that left the Don rooted to his spot and bowled for a duck in his final innings.", "His percentage of 77.09 is also way higher than the other batting greats. Tendulkar's 48 hundreds have contributed 6964 out of 13,837 runs (50.33%), while the percentage for Ricky Ponting is 46.85, for Brian Lara 49.27, and 47.44 for Sunil Gavaskar. In those 29 innings in which he scored a hundred, Bradman scored almost 186 runs per innings, while his batting average (not-outs excluded) was more than 234. As the table below shows, his runs per innings is the highest among batsmen with at least 20 Test hundreds, though the difference between him and the next best isn't quite as much as in some other categories.", "Bradman averaged a century - 100 runs - once in every three innings he played. His batting averages are revered.", "In the Test matches, Bradman countered Bodyline by moving toward the leg side, away from the line of the ball, and cutting it into the vacant off side field. Whilst this was dubious in terms of batting technique, it seemed the best way to cope with the barrage, and Bradman averaged a creditable 56.57 in the series (compared to his career average of 99.94), while being struck above the waist by the ball only once. His team-mates fared worse, being unable to compile large scores.", "By the time of his retirement in 1948, Bradman had made twenty-nine centuries in eighty innings. These centuries, with which he had accumulated 5,393 of his 6,996 Test runs, were scored with a 36.25% ratio of centuries per innings played. This allowed him to maintain a career batting average of 99.94, while no other batsman has been able to reach 61.Calculated from batsmen who have batted a minimum of twenty innings. He would have retired with an average of 100 had he scored four more runs in his final innings. ", "Donald Bradman was born in the year 1908 on 27th of August at New South Wales. He was the youngest child in the family. Bradman has quit studies at the early age of 14 and got serious about cricket only when he turned sixteen. The common folklore goes that he taught himself the game of cricket and used to practice rigorously with a golf ball and a cricket stamp day and night. His devotion towards the game paid of when he got a chance to play for his motherland at the age of twenty. After that there was no looking back for him as he witnessed gradual growth and fame. The batting average achieved by Bradman is still a record which no one has yet come near. It was due to his great batting that Australian cricket team won a series of games against England and evolved as unbeatable for almost a decade. The score of three hundred in the early days resulted in his selection to the New South Wales team. In the test series of 1930 against England Don emerged as the biggest hero as they returned home victorious. In the next series between the two countries England decided to stop Bradman with the �bodyline� tactics. This brought down the batting average of Don but he could not be stopped entirely.", "Sir Donald George \"Don\" Bradman, AC, often referred to as \"The Don\", was an Australian cricketer, widely acknowledged as the greatest batsman of all time.", "Last 10 first-class games: Pace: 187. Spin: 67. Average total batting ... First: 335. Second:331. Ashes Tests: Eng: 5. Aus: 14. Draw: 13. Highest team score: Aus: 729-6d, 1930. Highest inns: 254 Don Bradman, Aus, 1930", "In November 1928, he scored 87 and 132 not out against the touring MCC side. A short time later, at the tender age of 20, Donald George Bradman was selected in the Australian Test team to play in the First Test against England in Brisbane.", "On weekends, Don was scorer for the Bowral Senior X1 which included his father, brother and two uncles. On one occasion, the team was a player short and the young Bradman was invited to bat at the fall of the eighth wicket and scored 37 not out. In the return innings the next week, he scored 29 not out on the Glebe wicket. For his remarkable achievement, Don was given a bat by one of the senior team members. Don's father had to saw three inches off the bat so that the young Don could use it.", "After the 500 votes were cast by the panel of 100 it was observed that they had voted for 49 players. Out of these two cricketers were far ahead of the rest as they were the obvious selections. The maximum votes were given to Donald Bradman as he was voted for by all the participants. Bradman the Australian cricketer was active in cricket from 1928 to 1948. He was hailed by Wisden as “the greatest phenomenon in the history of cricket, indeed in the history of all ball games”.", "2. My father was a graduate student at Cambridge in 1930, and with a group of his Australian friends he travelled by train down to London for the First Test. Years later he told me how he “would never forget” how Bradman pranced down the wicket to the first ball he received in a Test match in England, and smote it to the boundary. I am loath to spoil one of my father’s good stories, but in fact Bradman scored only a single from his first ball in a test match in England, a neat leg-glance off Tate. Shortly after, however, he did launch an audacious attack on the spinner Tyldesley, including a dance down the pitch and a straight drive to the fence, which is perhaps the shot that stuck in my father’s memory.", "Don Bradman made his first visit to the ground in the 1920–21 season to watch the Fifth Test of the Australia and England series. In that game Charlie Macartney scored 170 to help seal a win for Australia.", "Don Bradman, dubbed ‘the boy from Bowral’, rose to acclaim during times of hardship, depression and recovery. He represented Australia for 20 years, playing 52 Tests from 1928/29-1948.", "18 - Scored by Don Bradman in his first Ashes innings at Brisbane in 1928 (Thanks: Chetiya)" ]	[ 8.6796875, 8.53125, 8.4140625, 6.58984375, 5.91015625, 5.19921875, 5.08203125, 5.0078125, 4.9375, 4.91015625, 4.8671875, 4.43359375, 4.43359375, 4.0390625, 3.9296875, 3.73828125, 3.21875, 3.095703125, 2.6015625, 2.5859375, 2.455078125, 2.021484375, 0.3095703125, 0.298095703125, -0.0225830078125, -0.9130859375, -1.7421875, -3.2109375, -3.71875, -3.8828125, -4.56640625, -5.05078125 ]
As at the start of 2003, what is the make and model of the bestselling car of all time?	[ "Volkswagen has three cars in the top 10 list of best-selling cars of all time compiled by the website 24/7 Wall St.: the Volkswagen Golf, the Volkswagen Beetle, and the Volkswagen Passat. With these three cars, Volkswagen has the most cars of any automobile manufacturer in the list that are still being manufactured, which includes model names that span multiple revisions and generations. ", "Volkswagen is responsible for having three of their car models on the “Top 10 List of Best-Selling Cars of All Time”, which was put together by “24/7 Wall Street”. These three models are the Golf, the Passat, and the ever iconic and popular Beetle.", "Three cars have been widely acknowledged as the \"bestselling automobile in the world\" since Ford built its millionth Model T on December 10, 1915. The Model T itself remained the highest seller until forty five years after production ceased in 1927. On February 17, 1972 Volkswagen claimed that the Ford had been superseded by the Beetle, when the 15,007,034th was manufactured. Although The Model T has subsequently been credited with 16.5 million units sold, this anomaly is moot in light of the Beetle reaching 21 million. ", "The Escort is one of Ford’s top selling cars. Between 1968, when production started, and 2003 nearly twenty million had been produced worldwide.", "*Edmunds.com, in its \"100 Best Cars Of All Time\" list, ranked the 1963 Corvette Stingray as the 16th best car ever produced worldwide. The 1990 ZR1 took #50, the 1955 Corvette V8 took #72, and the 2009 ZR1 took #78 overall.", "Japanese cars continued to be highly successful during the decade. The Honda Accord vied with the Taurus most years for being the best-selling car in the United States during the early part of the decade. Although launched in 1989, the luxury brands Lexus and Infiniti began car sales of 1990 model year vehicles and saw great success. Lexus would go on to outsell Mercedes-Benz and BMW in the United States by 1991, and would outsell Cadillac and Lincoln by the end of the decade. SUVs and trucks became hugely popular during the economic boom in the second half of the decade. Many makes that had never built a truck before started selling SUVs. Car styling during the 1990s became gradually more round and ovoid, the third-generation Taurus and Mercury Sable being some of the more extreme examples. Safety features such as airbags and shoulder belts became mandatory equipment on new cars.", "The Porsche Cayenne (Type 9PA) is a mid-size luxury crossover sport utility vehicle produced by the German manufacturer Porsche since 2002, with North American sales beginning in 2003. It is the first V8-engined vehicle built by Porsche since 1995, when the Porsche 928 was discontinued. Since 2008, all engines have featured direct injection technology.", "Which motor manufacturer produces the model which has the best-selling car name of all time (the model has undergone at least eleven redesigns from 1966 to date)?", "Since its successful introduction, Lexus has developed a reputation for quality and customer service. In the U.S. the brand continually ranks at the top of owner satisfaction and reliability surveys. Today, over 16 years since the company's debut, many LS 400 sedans continue operating capably for their owners, a testament to the engineering expertise that went into the Lexus flagship model. In recent years, Lexus' sales have been propelled by a successive series of popular designs. In 2006, the Lexus line had three of the top 10 best-selling luxury vehicles in the U.S.—the RX, ES, and IS—more than any other luxury make. [2]", "In 2015 the Model S ranked as the top selling plug-in electric car in the U.S, with 25,202 units sold surpassed both the Leaf (17,296) and the Volt (15,393). The Model S was also the country's best-selling car in the large luxury segment among comparably priced four-door sedans, ahead of the Mercedes-Benz S-Class (21,934) and BMW 7 Series (9,292). By the end of 2015, cumulative sales in the American market represented almost 60% of global sales since the introduction of the Model S. An estimated 71,000 Model S cars have been sold in the United States through April 2016. About 7,900 Model S cars were sold in the U.S. during the first fourth months of 2016.", "Sales across the Infiniti lineup grew steadily throughout the '90s. Still, by the end of the decade, the marque fell short of both Lexus and Acura in terms of popularity. The early 2000s saw Infiniti making a determined effort to sharpen its focus and upgrade its products. Its stated intention was to create vehicles of exceptionally high quality and performance. The Q45 was redesigned with this goal in mind, but it was the introduction of the entry-level G35 in 2003 that finally gave Infiniti the kick-start it sorely needed. Based on the FM platform, the car, in both sedan and coupe versions, met with immediate sales success. The FX35/FX45 soon followed, a crossover SUV that emphasizes performance, mating sports-car handling with the utility of a wagon.", "Toyota's growth in America continued in 2003 when Toyota launched Scion as its third line of vehicles. The Scion line featured three modestly priced but feature-rich vehicles brought to market by most Toyota dealers under an innovative, youth-oriented marketing program. Scion was a success, and in 2004, Toyota's U.S. sales topped two million vehicles per year for the first time.", "The American public, now fully recovered from the Korean War, discovered unprecedented prosperity and the big car became an outward symbol for that affluence. Chevrolets and Plymouths were getting bigger and more varied. They were being equipped with power steering, power brakes, pushbutton-controlled windows, and the competition was on for increasingly higher engine power. Everyone wanted a car and a buying record-7 million units—was set that year.", "By the time the '70s rolled around, Porsche had introduced the 914 (the \"affordable\" Porsche with a midengine design and a targa top), the mighty 911 turbo, the disrespected 924 (powered by a weak front-mounted, water-cooled inline four) and the flagship 928 (front-mounted V8, four-seat coupe). The '80s saw the birth of the 956, a car that went on to become the most successful racecar of all time. The twin-turbo, all-wheel-drive 959 was also launched; it became the first sports car to win the Paris-Dakar Rally and the street version could hit nearly 200 mph. The athletic 944 debuted in 1983, as did a convertible version of the 911, something that had been missing for some years. The '80s also saw the rebirth of the 924, now with some muscle courtesy of the 944's strong-for-the-time (147-horsepower) inline four.", "Cumulative global sales of the Nissan Leaf, the world's all-time top selling highway legal plug-in electric car, passed the 200,000 unit milestone in December 2015, five years after its introduction. The same month, the Renault-Nissan Alliance, the top selling all-electric vehicle manufacturer, passed the milestone of 300,000 electric vehicles sold worldwide, and global Tesla Model S sales passed the 100,000 unit milestone.", "In 1982, the Accord became the first car from a Japanese manufacturer to be produced in the United States when production commenced in Marysville, Ohio at Honda's Marysville Auto Plant. The Accord has achieved considerable success, especially in the United States, where it was the best-selling Japanese car for fifteen years (1982–97), topping its class in sales in 1991 and 2001, with around ten million vehicles sold. Numerous road tests, past and present, rate the Accord as one of the world's most reliable vehicles. The Accord has been on the Car and Driver 10Best list a record 30 times. ", "Lexus is the luxury automobile division of Toyota Motor Corporation . The Lexus brand name represents a premium line of luxury vehicles, first begun in 1989 with the debut of the LS 400 flagship sedan and the ES 250 executive sedan. Lexus cars and SUVs are sold in North America, the Middle East, Europe, Africa, Latin America, Asia and Oceania; in the United States, Lexus is the top selling brand of luxury cars. Until 2005, Lexus vehicles were sold under the Toyota marque in Japan until its introduction there that year. ", "This was the best-selling car in the world in 2000 and 2001. It was elected Car of the Year in 1999. The Focus won the North American Car of the Year award for 2000. In Europe, the original had a very subtle facelift in 2001.", "In 1989, the Accord was the first vehicle sold under an import brand to become the best-selling vehicle in the United States. ", "Stopping ze Germans from sweeping the podium in the luxury car market in the US is Toyota’s luxury brand. Lexus has seen American sales rise nearly 14% in 2014. In the overall American market, the Japanese carmaker doesn’t even break the top 10 with its 311,400 cars sold. In terms of luxury vehicles, however, it’s a different story. Leading the way with 107,490 sales, over a third of all of its cars sold, is the Lexus RX mid-sized crossover. Like most of the manufacturers already mentioned, the RX demonstrates the growing popularity of the crossover market. That said, Lexus also boasts good sales of its large and small luxury sedans. The ES and IS series of luxury sedans have proven very popular in America, selling a combined 123,866 cars. The real question for Lexus remains whether their RX, the best-selling luxury utility vehicle in the US, can maintain its crown for the 2015 year.", "In the last 15 years, over 3.5 million hybrid vehicles were sold in the United States. With cars such as the Toyota Prius leading the way in sales, it is obvious that a sustainable market exists for automotive manufacturers who specialize in unconventionally fuelled cars. Enter US automaker Tesla Motors. Tesla has become famous for being a maker of electric cars which don’t look like electric cars. Their most famous model is the Tesla Roadster but in the luxury market, the Tesla Model S has turned more than a few heads and opened just as many wallets. In 2014 estimates place the company’s total sales at 26,000 of which 16,500 were made up by the five-door luxury Model S. With anywhere from 235 to 691hp electric motors, available AWD and a fuel economy rating equivalent to more than 90 mpg, it’s no wonder this car is attracting a noticeable piece of the luxury market.", "The Crosley, Kaiser's Henry J and Allstate (marketed by Sears), the Nash Metropolitan, Willys Aero and Hudson Jet all came and went in the early '50s. But the VW, dubbed \"the Beetle\" by its owners and later by the importer, continued its steady and rapid sales growth.", "The Ford Cortina is a car which was built by Ford of Britain in various guises from 1962 to 1982, and was the United Kingdom's best-selling car of the 1970s.", "Volkswagen had entered the supermini market in 1976 with the Volkswagen Polo, a stylish and spacious three-door hatchback designed by Bertone. It was a strong seller in West Germany and most of the rest of Western Europe, being one of the first foreign small cars to prove popular in Britain. The second generation model, launched in 1981 and sold as a hatchback and ''coupe'' (with the hatchback resembling a small estate car and the coupe being similar to a conventional hatchback), was an even greater success for Volkswagen. It was facelifted in 1990 and was still selling well after 13 years, when it was replaced by the third generation Polo in 1994.", "As the auto industry continues to struggle worldwide, it’s encouraging to note that car makers have hit more than their share of homeruns over the years. Here is a list of the top-selling cars (and trucks) of all time as compiled by Motor Trend magazine:", "General Motors led global vehicle sales for 77 consecutive years from 1931 through 2007, longer than any other automaker, and is currently among the world's largest automakers by vehicle unit sales.", "Sold in more world markets than any other automobile, the Accord dominated the market for Japanese cars sold in the U.S. between 1982 and 1997. It was also the first Japanese car built in the United States (1982), and is currently being produced for the growing Chinese market through a joint-venture headquartered in Guangzhou. The Accord has long been famous for its reliability, and to many consumers has come to symbolize the quality and efficiency of Japanese automobile manufacturing.", "Infiniti is the luxury vehicle division of Japanese automaker Nissan Motor Company. Infiniti officially started selling vehicles on November 8, 1989 in North America. The marketing network for Infiniti-branded vehicles now includes over 230 dealers in over 15 countries.", "The Toyota Prius is the first mass-produced hybrid automobile. It goes on sale in Japan in 1997, and is introduced worldwide in 2001.", "07/2003, 91.000KM, 322bhp, AUTOMATIC, 4WD, LTD MODEL WITH LOTS OF EXTRAS, CLIMATE CONTROL, LCD SCREENS. 39.000€", "Scroll down this page to see the top 10 best-selling cars of 2015 so far, with full sales figures and some details on each model.", "The car has a foot brake which stops the drive shaft, the transmission had 2 forward and 1 reverse gears which were speed controlled by three pedals and a lever. The engine is a 4 L-Head cylinder unit with 176.7 cubic-inches, generating 22 horsepower. The wheelbase is 100 inches and the weight is 1200 lbs. Total production of the model was 16,890 units, with a selling price of $950." ]	[ 2.59765625, 2.349609375, 1.908203125, 1.1171875, 0.447998046875, 0.263427734375, -0.2435302734375, -0.63525390625, -0.8193359375, -0.89697265625, -1.052734375, -1.2529296875, -1.673828125, -1.78125, -1.84765625, -1.8818359375, -2.453125, -2.486328125, -2.65625, -2.87109375, -3.099609375, -3.310546875, -3.62109375, -3.72265625, -3.87890625, -4.08203125, -4.88671875, -4.90625, -5.11328125, -5.4140625, -5.765625, -6.26953125 ]
The prancing horse is the symbol of which racing car?	[ "The prancing horse was the symbol on Italian World War I ace Francesco Baracca ‘s fighter plane, and became the logo of Ferrari after the fallen ace’s parents, good friends with Enzo Ferrari, asked him to continue his tradition of sportsmanship, gallantry and boldness.", "The prancing horse - a symbol of prestige, speed, and brilliance of Ferrari. This emblem is a representation of the emotion and pride of driving a Ferrari car, ostentatious and showy of its pride, esteem, and excellence at its height. As the logo speaks for itself, Scuderia Ferrari went through a rich account of evolution and triumph.", "The prancing horse was the symbol on Italian World War I ace Francesco Baracca's fighter plane, and became the logo of Ferrari after the fallen ace's parents, close acquaintances of Enzo Ferrari, suggested that Ferrari use the symbol as the logo of the Scuderia, telling him it would 'bring him good luck'.", "The famous symbol of the Ferrari race team is the Cavallino Rampante (\"prancing horse\") a black prancing stallion on a yellow shield, usually with the letters SF (for Scuderia Ferrari), with three stripes of green, white and red (the Italian national colors) at the top. The road cars have a rectangular badge on the hood, and, optionally, the shield-shaped race logo on the sides of both front wings, close to the door.", "The famous symbol of the Ferrari race team is the Cavallino Rampante (\"prancing horse\") black prancing stallion on a yellow shield, usually with the letters S F (for Scuderia Ferrari), with three stripes of green, white and red (the Italian national colors) at the top. The road cars have a rectangular badge on the hood, and optionally, the shield-shaped race logo on the sides of both front wings, close to the door.", "On June 17, 1923, Enzo Ferrari won a race at the Savio track in Ravenna, and there he met the Countess Paolina, mother of Baracca. The Countess asked that he use the horse on his cars, suggesting that it would grant him good luck, but it the first race at which Alfa would let him use the horse on Scuderia cars was eleven years later, at SPA 24 Hours in 1932. Ferrari won. Ferrari left the horse black as it had been on Baracca’s plane; however, he added a yellow background because it was the symbolic color of his birthplace, Modena. The prancing horse has not always identified the Ferrari brand only: Fabio Taglioni used it on his Ducati motorbikes. Taglioni’s father was in fact a companion of Baracca’s and fought with him in the 91st Air Squad, but as Ferrari’s fame grew, Ducati abandoned the horse; this may have been the result of a private agreement between the two brands. The prancing horse is now a trademark of Ferrari.", "The famous symbol of Ferrari is a black prancing horse on yellow background, usually with the letters S F for Scuderia Ferrari.", "The cavallino rampante is the visual symbol of Ferrari. Cavallino Magazine uses the name, but not the logo. Other companies use similar logos: Avanti, an Austrian company operating over 100 filling stations, uses a prancing horse logo which is nearly identical to Ferrari's, as does Iron Horse Bicycles and Norfolk Southern Railway.", "Famous horse logo of Ferrari race team saved as Illustrator AI and EPS vector files. The Prancing Horse logo or Cavallino Rampante is used as the official company logo since 1929, usually with the letters SF of Scuderia Ferrari on a yellow shield. Since the 24 Hours of Spa, the logo is used on all Ferrari race cars. Logo is the copyright of the respective owner.", "lets take for example Ferrari ( The famous symbol of Ferrari is a black prancing horse on yellow background, usually with the letters S F for Scuderia Ferrari. The horse was originally the symbol of Count Francesco Baracca, a legendary “asso” (ace) of the Italian air force during World War I, who painted it on the side of his planes.)", "The Insane Story Behind Ferrari's Famed Prancing Horse Logo [Video] \| Co.Design \| business + design", "The cavallino rampante is now a trademark of Ferrari. Cavallino Magazine uses the name, but not the logo. However, other companies use similar logos: Avanti, an Austrian company operating over 100 filling stations, uses a prancing horse logo which is nearly identical to Ferrari's, as does Iron Horse Bicycles. Many pay homage to the Ferrari logo, e.g. the Jamiroquai album Travelling Without Moving.", "Ferrari 458 Spider. road car, the 125S. The iconic prancing horse symbol of the firm was originally used by Italian World War 1 pilot, Francesco Baracca, who had it painted on the fuselage of his aircraft.", "The legendary \"prancing horse\" has also been a cornerstone of Formula One racing since the beginning of the World Championship series in the 1950s. Purchased by the Fiat Group in 1969, Ferrari has maintained a presence in motorsports, particularly Formula One. At the same time, the Italian automaker has also produced such famous road cars as the Dino, 288 GTO, F40, F50 and Enzo.", "Today in 1932 the ï¿½Prancing Horseï¿½ made its first appearance on one of Enzo Ferrari's cars.", "The Porsche logo features a shield with a prancing horse in the center, and red and black stripes. The horse represents the city seal of Stuttgart, Germany, where the brand was founded.", "The Ferrari logo features the firm’s famous prancing horse on a yellow background above the brand name. The top of the logo is bordered by the colors of the Italian flag: green, white and red.", "The famous symbol of the Ferrari race team is a black prancing stallion on a yellow shield, usually with the letters S F (for Scuderia Ferrari), with three stripes of green, white and red (the Italian national colors) at the top. The road cars have a rectangular badge on the hood, and, optionally, the shield-shaped race logo on the sides of both front wings, close to the door.", "The famous symbol of the Ferrari race team is a black prancing stallion on a yellow shield, usually with the letters S F (for Scuderia Ferrari), with three stripes of green, white and red (the Italian national colors) at the top. The road cars have a rectangular badge on the hood (see picture (wallpaper) above), and, optionally, the shield-shaped race logo on the sides of both front wings, close to the door.", "On 17 June 1923, Enzo Ferrari won a race at the Savio track in Ravenna where he met the Countess Paolina, mother of Count Francesco Baracca, an ace of the Italian air force and national hero of World War I, who used to paint a horse on the side of his planes. The Countess asked Enzo to use this horse on his cars, suggesting that it would bring him good luck. The original \"prancing horse\" on Baracca's airplane was painted in red on a white cloud-like shape, but Ferrari chose to have the horse in black (as it had been painted as a sign of grief on Baracca's squadron planes after the pilot was killed in action) and he added a canary yellow background as this is the color of the city of Modena, his birthplace. The Ferrari horse was, from the very beginning, markedly different from the Baracca horse in most details, the most noticeable being the tail that in the original Baracca version was pointing downward.", "The black stallion of Ferrari originates from the personal symbol of Francesco Baracca, top-scoring Italian fighter ace of World War I. As a daring young race driver and engineer for Alfa Romeo in 1929, Enzo Ferrari was granted the use of Baracca’s sigil by the pilot’s mother as a gift to a fellow citizen of Modena. Ferrari transposed the horse onto a golden field representing Modena’s heraldic colors. The Baracca/Modena symbol combination first appeared on Scuderia Ferrari race cars in the early ‘30s, then on Ferrari-designed race cars and sports cars after he broke away from Alfa Romeo. The symbol now can be hafoundd on a wide selection of obscenely overpriced “collectors” sunglasses, polo shirts, sneakers and umbrellas.", "What's it mean? The race team uses a shield-shaped logo with an SF at the bottom for Scuderia Ferrari, while the GT cars use a rectangular badge. The horse comes from a WWI flying ace, who painted a black horse on the side of his planes for good luck; Enzo asked to do the same for his race cars. The yellow background symbolizes Enzo's hometown, Modena. More »", "Porsche Automobil Holding SE, usually shortened to Porsche SE, is a German manufacturer of high performance luxury automobiles. The Porsche logo is that of the coat of arms of the city of Stuttgart which was built on the site of a stud farm. So, the horse logo was an obvious choice. The antlers and the red and black stripes are part of the arms of the Kingdom of Wurttemberg.", "At the Prix du Jockey Club, horse-power is also displayed under the bonnets of classic cars thanks to our exhibition of elegant automobiles. This year, Jaguar will take centre stage. This prestigious make of car is a reference for all collectors and enthusiasts, so come and admire some of the most emblematic models made by the famous British car manufacturer. Jockey Club spectators will even be asked to vote for their favourite car on display. Bring your vehicle along for a picnic! Classic car owners are invited to drive onto the central lawn of Chantilly racecourse for an extra-special picnic. The most splendid car and most stylish driver will be awarded a VIP package for the Qatar Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe.", "The Monaco Grand Prix ( French : Grand Prix de Monaco) is a Formula One race held each year on the Circuit de Monaco . Run since 1929, it is widely considered to be one of the most important and prestigious automobile races in the world alongside the Indianapolis 500 and the 24 Hours of Le Mans (with which it forms the Triple Crown of Motorsport ). The circuit has been called \"an exceptional location of glamour and prestige.\" [1]", "The Monaco Grand Prix is a Formula One race held each year on the Circuit de Monaco. Run since 1929, it is widely considered to be one of the most important and prestigious automobile races in the world, alongside the Indianapolis 500 and the 24 Hours of Le Mans (informally known as the Triple Crown of Motorsport). The circuit has been called \"an exceptional location of glamour and prestige.", "This Italian exotic car manufacturer uses a logo of a rearing horse, often set inside a yellow rectangle. The same horse logo once graced the sides of an Italian ace fighter pilot's plane.", "The Monaco Grand Prix () is a Formula One motor race held each year on the Circuit de Monaco. Run since 1929, it is widely considered to be one of the most important and prestigious automobile races in the world and, with the Indianapolis 500 and the 24 Hours of Le Mans, forms the Triple Crown of Motorsport. The circuit has been called \"an exceptional location of glamour and prestige\". ", " / ˈ b r æ b əm / ), was a British racing car manufacturer and Formula One racing team. Founded in 1960 by two Australians, driver Jack Brabham and designer Ron Tauranac , the team won four drivers' and two constructors' world championships in its 30-year Formula One history. Jack Brabham's 1966 drivers' championship remains the only such achievement using a car bearing the driver's own name.", "The only driver to have competed in both horse and motor race is Alfonso de Portago, who competed at the Grand National in his early days as well as in a sportscar race. He was to compete at the 1957 British Grand Prix at Aintree, but he was killed in the Mille Miglia.", "Harness racing is a form of Horse Racing in which the horses race at a specific gait (a trot or pace ). They usually pull a two-wheeled cart called a Sulky.", "This cushion cover was embroidered by Ada Whitmore after Phar Lap won the 1930 Melbourne Cup. Like many Australians who neither gambled nor went to the races, she was an avid follower of Phar Lap's career. Photo: Lannon Harley." ]	[ 8.25, 7.796875, 7.53125, 5.97265625, 5.66015625, 5.53125, 5.3515625, 4.953125, 4.8203125, 4.390625, 4.17578125, 4.03515625, 3.8125, 3.7890625, 3.578125, 3.46875, 3.412109375, 1.4375, 1.4345703125, 1.3056640625, -0.2333984375, -0.94775390625, -2.501953125, -3.076171875, -3.373046875, -4.4375, -4.47265625, -4.55078125, -5.109375, -6.97265625, -6.98046875, -7.7265625 ]
Who designed the first modern petrol-driven internal combustion engine for the car?	[ "Karl Benz Builds First Petrol-Driven Car. Karl Benz, a German mechanical engineer, is best known for his pioneering work on the development of the internal-combustion engine and the motor car. In 1885 he developed the first motor vehicle powered by an internal-combustion engine. Benz had designed a two-stroke internal-combustion engine in 1878. His vehicle was powered by a 1 kW/1.5 hp engine and was capable of a top speed of 5 kph (3 mph).", "A petrol engine (known as a gasoline engine in American English) is an internal combustion engine with spark-ignition, designed to run on petrol (gasoline) and similar volatile fuels. The first practical petrol engine was built in 1876 in Germany by Nikolaus August Otto, although there had been earlier attempts by Étienne Lenoir, Siegfried Marcus, Julius Hock and George Brayton. The first petrol combustion engine (one cylinder, 121.6 cm3 displacement) was prototyped in 1882 in Italy by Enrico Bernardi. In most petrol engines, the fuel and air are usually pre-mixed before compression (although some modern petrol engines now use cylinder-direct petrol injection). The pre-mixing was formerly done in a carburetor, but now it is done by electronically controlled fuel injection, except in small engines where the cost/complication of electronics does not justify the added engine efficiency. The process differs from a diesel engine in the method of mixing the fuel and air, and in using spark plugs to initiate the combustion process. In a diesel engine, only air is compressed (and therefore heated), and the fuel is injected into very hot air at the end of the compression stroke, and self-ignites.", "The first commercially successful internal combustion engine was created by Étienne Lenoir around 1859 and the first modern internal combustion engine was created in 1876 by Nikolaus Otto (see Otto engine).", "In 1885, German mechanical engineer, Karl Benz designed and built the world's first practical automobile to be powered by an internal-combustion engine. On January 29, 1886, Benz received the first patent (DRP No. 37435) for a gas-fueled car. It was a three-wheeler; Benz built his first four-wheeled car in 1891. Benz & Cie., the company started by the inventor, became the world's largest manufacturer of automobiles by 1900. Benz was the first inventor to integrate an internal combustion engine with a chassis - designing both together. (Learn more about Karl Benz )", "The world’s first patent for a practical internal-combustion-engine-powered automobile was issued to German engineer Karl Benz. With a tubular framework mounted on a Benz-designed, one-horsepower, single-cylinder, 954-cc engine, the carriage-like three-wheeler Motorwagen had tiller steering and a buggy seat for two. The engine was a refinement of the four-stroke engine designed by Nikolaus Otto 10 years earlier. Although awkward and frail, it incorporated some still-familiar features: an electrical ignition, differential, mechanical valves, a carburettor, an engine-cooling system, oil and grease cups for lubrication, and a braking system.", "The German engineer Nikolaus August Otto is generally credited with having built the first practical internal-combustion engine (1876), though several rudimentary devices had appeared earlier in the century. In 1885 Gottlieb Daimler , another German engineer, modified the four-cycle Otto engine so that it burned gasoline (instead of coal powder) and built the first successful high-speed internal-combustion engine. Within several decades the gasoline engine found wide application in motorcycles, automobiles, and small trucks.", "1807 - Francois Isaac de Rivaz of Switzerland invented an internal combustion engine that used a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen for fuel. Rivaz designed a car for his engine - the first internal combustion powered automobile. However, his was a very unsuccessful design.", "A Frenchman named Jean-Joseph Lenoir develops the first practical internal combustion engine. However, the design, which ran on coal gas, was never much used, and as a result the German Nikolaus August Otto is generally credited with developing the first practical internal combustion engine. Nevertheless, the Parisian road network was ideal for motorized carriages, and in 1895, the word \"automobile\" first entered the French language.", "• The scientist who designed the first internal combustion engine used to burn low grade fuel. Etienne Lenoir", "More than 250 years of the \"engine history\" have passed untill Karl Benz, 1879, developed an internal combustion engine based on Nikolaus Otto’s design of the four-stroke engine. Later Benz designed and built his own four-stroke engine that was used in his automobiles, which became the first automobiles in production. After 18 years, in 1896 he invented the boxer engine, also known as the horizontally opposed engine, in which the corresponding pistons reach top dead centre at the same time, thus balancing each other in momentum.", "The 1885 Daimler-Maybach engine was small, lightweight, fast, used a gasoline-injected carburetor, and had a vertical cylinder. The size, speed, and efficiency of the engine allowed for a revolution in car design. On March 8, 1886, Daimler took a stagecoach and adapted it to hold his engine, thereby designing the world's first four-wheeled automobile. Daimler is considered the first inventor to have invented a practical internal-combustion engine.", "An effective internal combustion engine was designed by Stuart Perry (American) and patented in 1844 and 1846. It is thought to have been gas powered.", "In 1885, Gottlieb Daimler (together with his design partner Wilhelm Maybach) took Otto's internal combustion engine a step further and patented what is generally recognized as the prototype of the modern gas engine. Daimler's connection to Otto was a direct one; Daimler worked as technical director of Deutz Gasmotorenfabrik, which Nikolaus Otto co-owned in 1872. There is some controversy as to who built the first motorcycle Otto or Daimler.", "was the German inventor of the first internal-combustion engine to efficiently burn fuel directly in a piston chamber. Although other internal combustion engines had been invented (e.g. by Étienne Lenoir) these were not based on four separate strokes.", "The motor car was developed over many years by a number of talented individuals but Karl Benz of Mannheim in Germany is normally credited as the Inventor of the Motor Car. In the autumn of 1885, his three-wheeled vehicle became the first successful petrol-engined car. He was awarded a patent for it on 29 January 1886, and became the first motor manufacturer in 1888 with his Modell 3 Benz. In 1886, Gottlieb Daimler and his protégé Wilhelm Maybach built the first successful four-wheeled petrol-driven car at Bad Cannstatt. The Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft was established four years later in 1890. On 1 July 1926 Benz and Daimler merged to become Daimler-Benz AG and its products Mercedes-Benz. Fredrick William Bremer, a plumber and gas fitter, built the first British four-wheeled petrol-engined motor car. Starting work in 1892, when he was 20, the still incomplete car made its first run on a public highway in December 1894.", "In 1885 Gottlieb Daimler constructed what is generally recognized as the prototype of the modern gas engine: small and fast, with a vertical cylinder, it used gasoline injected through a carburetor. In 1889 Daimler introduced a four-stroke engine with mushroom-shaped valves and two cylinders arranged in a V, having a much higher power-to-weight ratio; with the exception of electric starting, which would not be introduced until 1924, most modern gasoline engines are descended from Daimler's engines.", "Singer, Charles Joseph; Raper, Richard, A history of technology : The Internal Combustion Engine, edited by Charles Singer ... [et al.], Clarendon Press, 1954-1978. pp.157-176 [2]", "In 1886 the world's first gasoline-powered automobiles rolled out of the European workshops of Carl Benz, Gottlieb Daimler, Wilhelm Maybach and Siegfried Marcus. Besides lacking such modern amenities as air conditioning and in-dash DVD players, these early automobiles also lacked electrical lighting. Instead, their lamps were fueled by oil or acetylene , both of which could be quickly snubbed out by a strong gust of wind or rain storm. Needless to say, navigating across winding mountain roads at night could be quite precarious.", "Karl Benz (1824-1929) builds the world's first gasoline-powered vehicle. It has a traveling speed of nine miles per hour.", "1806-7: Francois Isaac de Rivaz (Swiss) built a working internal combustion engine that was powered by a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen. The exhaust valve was foot-operated.", "Belgian inventor. By converting a steam engine to burn a mixture of coal-gas and air, and by successfully commercialising it, he became the inventor of the first widespread internal combustion engine. He later adapted it to run on liquid fuel, and used it in 1860 to propel a vehicle.", " He used this engine to power a car, which was probably the first vehicle to run on an internal combustion engine.", "Born in Württemberg and trained as an engineer; becoming interested in gas engines in the 1860s, he helped develop the Otto gas engine. During the 1880s he set up on his own to develop a 'universal power source' in the shape of a light petrol engine, in collaboration with Wilhelm Maybach. This engine was fitted into a carriage in 1886, creating the first Daimler car.", "In 1896, Karl Benz was granted a patent for his design of the first engine with horizontally opposed pistons. His design created an engine in which the corresponding pistons move in horizontal cylinders and reach top dead center simultaneously, thus automatically balancing each other with respect to their individual momentum. Engines of this design are often referred to as flat engines because of their shape and lower profile. They are or were used in the Volkswagen Beetle, some Porsche and Subaru cars, many BMW and Honda motorcycles, and aircraft engines (for propeller driven aircraft).", " A petrol engine (known as a gasoline engine in North America ) is an internal combustion engine with spark-ignition , designed to run on petrol ( gasoline ) and similar volatile fuels.", "In this photograph you see Carl Benz, accompanied by a friend, riding through the streets of Mannheim in 1886. Does this correspond with your idea of 'motor car'? Did you expect the vehicle to have four wheels? Surely you expected it to have a conventional steering wheel. And why does it have such a small wheel at the front? Was that part of your concept? For reassurance let me say there is a petroleum-powered engine under the seat, so at least that is aligned with our expectations. But even that is unusual as it has only one cylinder, which surprisingly is disposed horizontally, driving a transverse crankshaft.", "Ferdinand Forest produces the world's first four cylinder petrol engine with mechanical valve operation for use in boats and goes on to build the world's first six cylinder engine for the same purpose. The marine application ensures that his contribution to motoring history is ignored.", "Developments in chassis design, brakes and tires did not maintain pace but in 1901 that changed with the introduction of the 35 h.p. Mercedes. It was the first sports-racing car which featured a four cylinder engine with mechanical valves, a \"honeycomb\" radiator, a steel chassis, pneumatic tires and a magneto ignition. After solving some early reliability problems and coupled with the increase of engine capacity to 9 liters producing 60 h.p., the car became a consistent race winner. Each of the leading manufactures contributed advancements to automobile design. Renault produced a car with shaft drive and a live rear axle. A superb example of this Mercedes is on display at Filching Manor Motor Museum in Sussex, England.", "At the beginning of the 19th century an engine that generates motive power by the burning of gases was invented. Throughout the century many attempts were made to find out which fuels were suitable for the internal combustion engine. The engines were gradually modified and pioneers of vehicle production used them to construct ‘real’ automobiles to carry people.", "Engineer and inventor of the two-stroke Clerk Cycle Gas Engine (1877). An authority on internal combustion engines, he led engineering research during the First World War.", "This car has a one-cylinder engine, with a 4/12-inch bore and a 6-inch stroke. The engine is placed horizontally with the cylinder head at the rear of the car and the flywheel below the seat. The car had a starting crank on the right side of the body, designed so that the driver could crank the engine while seated in the car. It has planetary transmission. The car's wheelbase is 66 inches and the tread 55 inches. It has metal step plates and fenders, a wooden body and a steel frame, and oil burning lamps.", "Electrical engineer who built a twin-cylinder car in 1903, and went on to construct the 'best car in the world' as well as some remarkable aeroengines." ]	[ 5.984375, 5.7578125, 5.41015625, 4.23046875, 4.125, 3.978515625, 3.7421875, 3.669921875, 3.333984375, 3.283203125, 2.10546875, 1.6162109375, 1.1796875, 0.466552734375, 0.404296875, 0.25, -0.16064453125, -0.44384765625, -0.611328125, -0.6669921875, -0.98681640625, -1.7744140625, -1.9501953125, -1.955078125, -2.1875, -2.96484375, -3.73828125, -4.06640625, -4.70703125, -5.140625, -6.625, -7.921875 ]
What make of car featured in the film Back To The Future?	[ "The DeLorean time machine is a fictional automobile-based time travel device featured in the Back to the Future franchise. In the feature film series, Dr. Emmett Brown builds a time machine based on a DeLorean DMC-12 car, to gain insights into history and the future. Instead, he ends up using it to travel over 130 years of Hill Valley history (from 1885 to 2015) with Marty McFly to change the past for the better and to undo the negative effects of time travel. One of the cars used in filming is on display at Universal Studios Hollywood.", "The DeLorean time machine is a fictional automobile-based time travel device featured in the Back to the Future franchise. In the feature film series, Dr. Emmett Brown builds a time machine based on an automobile; a DeLorean DMC-12, with the intent of gaining insights into history and the future but instead winds up using it to travel across over 130 years of Hill Valley history (from 1885 to unspecified points beyond 2015) with Marty McFly, both to change the past for the better and to undo the negative effects of time travel. One of the cars used in filming is currently on display at Universal Studios Hollywood.", "In the \"Back To The Future\" films, Fox's character, teenager Marty McFly, and his friend, scientist Dr. Emmett \"Doc\" Brown, played by Christopher Lloyd, use a DeLorean car that functions as a time machine to travel through time to try and change events in their past and future. The final movie was released in 1990 and was set in the Wild West.", "The DeLorean DMC-12 (commonly referred to simply as the DeLorean as it was the only model ever produced by the company) is a sports car manufactured by John DeLorean's DeLorean Motor Company for the American market from 1981–83. The car features gull-wing doors and an innovative fiberglass chassis and underbody structure, along with a brushed stainless steel body. The car became widely known and iconic for its appearance and was modified as a time machine in the Back to the Future film trilogy.", "The cars of the “future” are kind of hilarious when you figure out what they really are. A couple are 1980s concept cars, one is a very gussied-up Ford Probe, and one is a Citröen DS. I’ve seen those pop up in a few movies as a “futuristic” car, which is a true testament to the timelessness of the DS’ design. Oh, and in Back to the Future II's version of 2015, Pontiac dealerships are still around . Ha!", "* The first boat load of DeLorean automobiles departs the harbor in Belfast, Northern Ireland bound for the United States. This is the $25,000 stainless steel body sports car made famous in the CED title \"Back to the Future\" where the vehicle had a \"flux capacitor\" installed for time travel. Interesting that two of the biggest technological white elephants of the 1980's were introduced at nearly the same time.", "The DeLoreans used in Back to the Future retained the original V6 motor. The sound effects artists changed the sound of the engine to a Porsche 928 V8.", "A Delorean can be seen in the driveway for the birthday party. Actress Lea Thompson who plays Justin Frost's mother in the film starred in Back to the Future which features famously a Delorean.", "Seven DeLoreans were used throughout the filming of the Back to the Future trilogy. Six stock DeLoreans were purchased for the production in order to convert into time machines, and a fiberglass DeLorean replica was fabricated for the flying sequences in Back to the Future Part II. Of these, only three of them are believed to have survived and exist still today.", "Fuelled by a 1.21-gigawatt nuclear reactor, no car in this list has as much grunt as the DeLorean time machine, which stars in Steven Spielberg’s Back to the Future trilogy.", "In large part due to the popularity of Back to the Future, the DeLorean has been seen in many other contexts as well, including The Simpsons , The Wedding Singer , The Fairly Oddparents , Monster Garage , Wikipedia:Rocky 3 , Wikipedia:Malibu Express , Drawn Together , Family Guy , Haker, Get a Life , Matlock , Stargate Atlantis , Eerie Indiana , Donnie Darko , Harvey Birdman , Designing Women , Just Shoot Me! , Be Kind Rewind and also Minoriteam . In most of these films and television shows, actors are seen driving a DMC-12 or mentioning the De Lorean in dialogue. As well, the DeLorean is referenced during a television spot on Wikipedia:The Learning Channel as part of their life lesson ad campaign. It can also been seen in Stuntaman's Fly, where the car is used as a time machine. The theme of the video is easily recognized as Back to the Future. Additionally, in the film Knocked Up , there is a dinner scene in which Back to the Future lines are quoted and the DeLorean is mentioned.", "The time machine went through several variations during production of the first film, Back to the Future. In the first draft of the screenplay, the time machine was a laser device that was housed in a room. At the end of the first draft the device was attached to a refrigerator and taken to an atomic bomb test site. Director Robert Zemeckis said in an interview that the idea was scrapped because he did not want children to start climbing into refrigerators and getting trapped inside. In the third draft of the film the time machine was a car, as Zemeckis reasoned that if you were going to make a time machine, you would want it to be mobile. The specific choice of vehicle was a DeLorean DMC-12 for the purposes of it looking like an alien spaceship due to its characteristic gullwing doors. However, in order to send Marty back to the future, the vehicle had to drive into a nuclear test site. Ultimately this concept was considered too expensive to film, so the power source was changed to lightning. ", "Back to the Future - Part II --- Micro Texaco Action Hoverport and 2 Micro Action Hovercars -- Police Car and Delorean Car -- Racing Champions 1989 -- They are stapled together (See last 4 Pictures) T...", "* Back to the Future Part II: Dr. Emmett Brown converts a DeLorean DMC-12 into a time machine, which is modified in the second part of the Back to the Future trilogy so that it can fly.", "The Back to the Future franchise is an American science fiction–adventure film series written and directed by Robert Zemeckis, produced by Bob Gale and Neil Canton for Steven Spielberg's Amblin Entertainment, and distributed by Universal Pictures. The franchise follows the adventures of a high school student, Marty McFly (Michael J. Fox), and an eccentric scientist, Dr. Emmett L. Brown (Christopher Lloyd), as they use a DeLorean time machine to time travel to different periods in the history of Hill Valley, California.", "In Back to the Future: The Ride, Doc, who now lives in a lab, had created an 8-passenger DeLorean that can fly just like the original DeLorean (which can be seen in the ride and in the outside display) and the Hover Train (which can only be seen in display outside of the attraction). Unlike the original DeLorean, the flux capacitor is in the front of the cockpit along with a small screen, the time circuits, and the speedometer. The original DeLorean is also shown to have its original \"OUTATIME\" license plate instead of the bar code license plate, but it could just mean that this DeLorean is actually a new one being built into a time machine. However, in a post-credits scene, Clara Clayton, who has built Hover Train with Doc, currently repaired the DeLorean and travels back to 1947 to a farm.", "Fans certainly shouldn't cross their fingers for a dimension-bending coupe like Doc's DeLorean, which was introduced in Robert Zemeckis' first Back to the Future on July 3, 1985. Making a star of Fox and becoming the highest-grossing film of that year ($210.6 million to date), the rip-roaring adventure spawned two sequels in 1989 and 1990, and has remained a pop-culture touchstone ever since. Theaters nationwide are hosting anniversary screenings Wednesday, and the trilogy gets its DVD/Blu-ray box-set release this week.", "Welly Diecast. Back To The Future Delorean Time Machine. Diecast Model Car. Is free wheeling, doors and hood open. Double your traffic. NEW IN BOX. Sorry, no international orders!", "* In the animated series American Dad!, it was revealed that Stan Smith had built his own DeLorean DMC-12 in the episode \"A DeLorean-Story\", but he had never seen \"Back to the Future\".", "hen Marty McFly escaped Libyan terrorists in his DeLorean time machine in the 1985 comedy Back to the Future, he did so in the parking lot of the Twin Pines Mall. As he zapped back to 1955 in a trail of flame, the JCPenney sign glowed in the background. The spot wasn’t just perfect because it had the space necessary for a DeLorean to get up to the time-traveling speed of 88 miles an hour: The gaping suburban mall,", "Welly Diecast. Back To The Future II Delorean Time Machine. Diecast Model Car. Is free wheeling, doors and hood open. Double your traffic. NEW IN BOX.", "Although Back to the Future: The Ride is not taken as canon by some,[ citation needed ] it reveals that the Brown family eventually moved back to the 20th century and that by 1991, Doc had set up the Institute of Future Technology. He modified a time-traveling DeLorean to seat eight, which is used when Biff steals the time machine again and the audience, in their own time-traveling DeLorean, help Doc chase Biff through time. The ride was featured at Universal Studios in Hollywood , Florida and Japan . The Florida and Hollywood versions closed in March and September 2007 respectively and were both replaced with The Simpsons Ride , which opened in May 2008. The Hollywood ride has since also been replaced with The Simpsons Ride.", "Some DeLorean owners go to great lengths to make their cars look just like the one seen in all three \"Back to the Future\" movies. Robyn Beck/AFP/Getty Images", "BACK TO THE FUTURE 2 DE LOREAN. Made By SunStar. It has : Opening doors hood trunk. scale 1/18 New in Box. (PR, HI, AK, APO, P.O BOX, FPO, HI ).", "Today is the fourth in a series of videos on How to Build the DeLorean Time Machine from Back to the Future 3. This scale model build is based on the 1:24 scale model kit from Aoshima.", "Doc restores the DeLorean to working order with replacement parts that are available in 1955. It is now equipped with historic whitewall tires (to replace the original tires which had long since rotted away), and a tray of vacuum tubes strapped to the hood to replace the damaged time circuit control microchip. The time machine's flying circuits were also damaged, as mentioned in the letter, so the car will never fly again. Doc and Marty take the fixed DeLorean to the Indian-motifed Pohatchee Drive-In Theater outside of town. Marty, wearing a novelty cowboy costume, takes off from the back of the lot and heads towards the screen tower, reaching the required 88 mph and transports to September 2, 1885 just before hitting the tower.", "When Robert Zemeckis and Bob Gale first wrote the script for Back to the Future in 1981, their concept for the time machine was originally set to be a refrigerator. Fearing that children would imitate the film and get trapped inside, they decided that not only should the time machine be mobile, but it should be a car.", "In Back to the Future, the car needed this fuel to go back in time: Plutonium", "The DeLorean, after having received a hover conversion in the future, lifted off the ground and its wheels folded providing thrust. The rear louver then propelled it forward down the street, and Doc turned the car around to get the speed needed to make temporal displacement. This entire sequence was witnessed by Biff Tannen in the McFly driveway. The time machine entered October 21 , 2015 , then descended through the clouds into a busy skyway , nearly in the wrong lane of multilevel traffic. Doc pulled off onto an exit ramp to downtown Hill Valley. He landed the DeLorean in an alleyway, just outside Courthouse Square, then left while Marty completed his mission to save Marty, Jr. After Doc recovered Einstein from a suspended animation kennel , he pulled the DeLorean out into the open, where Old Biff saw it, and eventually put two and two together to realize that they were time travelers.", "Keep in mind that when the first movie came out in 1985, the DeLorean had been out of production for two years, and the car’s demise was tied to a huge scandal , so using it as the time machine was kind of a joke. Instead, the trilogy made the car into an icon, and it’s probably the main reason anyone remembers it today.", "* 1985 – 1990 in the Film series Back to the Future, references to the Atomic Age and uses of Nuclear Energy are broadly explored; for example the use of Plutonium in the time machine, the concept of \"Mr. Fusion\" (a futuristic small scale fusion reactor for domestic use that can use garbage as fuel) and references to the common 1950s conceptions of the Atomic Age.", "The DeLorean returns to 1985 and proceeds to travel to October 21, 2015 to stop Marty's future son from committing a crime. While there, the DeLorean is stolen by Biff who then travels back to November 12, 1955, the same day as the climax of the first film, to give his past self a sports almanac to be used for gambling. Once Biff returns to 2015 without Doc's knowledge, the duo return to 1985, but find themselves in an alternate timeline where Hill Valley is ruled by Biff that Doc described as 1985A (alternate 1985). The DeLorean then travels back to 1955 to restore the timeline, but in the aftermath, it is struck by lightning again in the very same electrical storm, this time by accident. According to writers Bob Gale and Robert Zemeckis, the lightning causes the DeLorean to spin at 88 miles per hour, and Doc later states in a letter to Marty that the bolt caused a \"gigawatt overload\" which \"shorted out the time circuits and destroyed the flying circuits\". The DeLorean then disappears from 1955, travelling back in time to January 1, 1885 (earlier in the film, Doc mentions that the time circuits are not functioning correctly; several instances in the film that show the time circuit display showed 1885 as the destination when the time circuits malfunctioned)." ]	[ 5.23828125, 4.4375, 4.3671875, 3.208984375, 2.841796875, 2.751953125, 2.638671875, 2.439453125, 1.67578125, 1.421875, 1.1845703125, 1.037109375, 0.755859375, 0.755859375, 0.65966796875, 0.464111328125, 0.283935546875, 0.0242156982421875, -0.11517333984375, -0.147216796875, -0.1549072265625, -0.92626953125, -1.001953125, -1.7392578125, -2.486328125, -2.712890625, -3.123046875, -3.24609375, -3.408203125, -3.8125, -4.1484375, -4.6484375 ]
In which country was the first Audi made?	[ " It is truly one of the very multifaceted stories ever told in the background of the car. The Audi emblem with its four rings identifies one of Germany's earliest-established automobile manufacturers. It symbolizes the amalgamation in 1932 of four previously independent motor vehicle makers : DKW, Audi, Horch and Wanderer. These firms form the roots of what is now AUDI AG.", "Audi's history is one of the most many-faceted stories ever told in the history of the automobile in general. The Audi emblem with its four rings identifies one of Germany's oldest-established automobile manufacturers. It symbolises the amalgamation in 1932 of four previously independent motor-vehicle manufacturers: Audi, DKW, Horch and Wanderer. These companies form the roots of what is today AUDI AG.", "It's one of the most multi-faceted stories ever told in the history of the automobile. The Audi emblem with its four rings identifies one of Germany’s oldest-established automobile manufacturers. It symbolizes the amalgamation in 1932 of four previously independent motor-vehicle manufacturers: Audi, DKW, Horch and Wanderer. These companies form the roots of what is today AUDI AG.", " In 1909, having left the company bearing his name, August Horch established a second automobile company in Zwickau, Germany. He couldnt legally name his new company after himself, so he translated it into Latin, coming up with Audi. The four interlinked Audi rings came about in 1932, when four struggling automakers joined together under the corporate banner of Auto Union. These companies included Audi, DKW, Wanderer and, ironically, the original Horch.", "Audi, which was originally founded back in 1909, is headquartered in Ingolstadt, Germany, but it now builds its cars on four continents. Having been incorporated together back in the 1960s, the Volkswagen/Audi group now shares certain technologies and vehicle platforms, but their assembly factories are largely distinct. In fact, as opposed to Volkswagen , most of the vehicles that Audi sells in the U.S. are built in Europe.", "The Audi emblem of the four rings denotes one of Germany's oldest automobile manufacturers. It symbolizes the merger in 1932 of four previously independent motor vehicle manufacturers: Audi, DKW, Horch and Wanderer. These companies are the foundation stones on which the present-day AUDI AG is built.", "At the end of the 19th century, there were already a number of car manufacturers in Germany. One of them was August Horch & Cie., founded on November 14, 1899 in Cologne. August Horch was one of the pioneering figures in automobile engineering. Before setting up in business on his own, his professional experience had included three years in charge of automobile production at Carl Benz in Mannheim. In 1904, August Horch moved his business to Zwickau and transformed it into a joint-stock company. However, as early as 1909, August Horch left the company he had founded. From then on, his activities were linked with the name 'Audi'.", "AUDI AG can look back on a multi-faceted history that has seen considerable change; its tradition in the manufacturing of cars and motorcycles stretches back to before the turn of the century. The marques which were originally all based in Saxony � Audi and Horch in Zwickau, Wanderer in Chemnitz-Siegmar and DKW in Zschopau � made a significant contribution to the progress of the automotive industry in Germany. These four marques merged in 1932 to form Auto Union AG. In terms of the sheer number of vehicles built, this was the second-largest motor vehicle company of its day. Four interlinked rings were adopted as its marque emblem. After the Second World War, Auto Union AG's production plant in Saxony was expropriated and dismantled by the occupying Soviet forces.", "In business for more than 100 years, Audi is an automaker that makes luxury cars and SUVs. The company was born in Germany and has remained Deutschland-based to this day.", "The Audi brand established a tradition of sporting achievement from the very outset. Thanks to his victorious involvement in the Austrian Alpine Runs between 1911 and 1914, August Horch succeeded in making Audi internationally known within just a few years. The notably successful Audi Type C 14/35 hp even acquired the nickname \"Alpine Conqueror\". After the First World War August Horch withdrew from the company and moved to Berlin to work as an independent automotive expert.", "Auto Union merged with NSU, world’s largest manufacturer of motorcycles, in 1969 and hence, was renamed as Audi NSU Auto Union AG. With this merger, Audi emerged as a separate brand. It was then that the Audi brand was introduced to the United States. The first car of this merger was the Audi 100, which was soon followed by the Audi 80/Fox in 1972 and Audi 50 in 1974. An Audi performance and rally racing car was launched in 1980, named as Audi Quattro, a turbocharged coupe. In 1985, the company’s official name was shortened to Audi AG. The same year, Audi sold 74,061 cars in the United States. The company, then, presented a new model in the premium segment, the Audi A8, its first production with all-aluminum body, in 1994. A new naming process was also introduced for the Audi models. Hence, the Audi A8 was known as A4 and the Audi 100 was called A6.", "Volkswagen AG (VW;) () is a German car manufacturer headquartered in Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony, Germany. Established in 1937, Volkswagen is the top-selling and namesake marque of the Volkswagen Group, the holding company created in 1975 for the growing company, and is now the second-largest automaker in the world. ", "Thanks to his victorious involvement in the Austrian Alpine Runs, August Horch succeeded in making Audi internationally known in just a few years. After the First World War, August Horch withdrew from the company and moved to Berlin to work as an independent automotive expert.", "The Audi brand can trace its origination all the way back 1909, when August Horch founded Horch Automobil-Werke Gmbh. (This was his second car manufacturing company; he was muscled out of the first one by a militant supervisory board.) The first Audi – a Type A Sport-Phaton – was produced in 1910 but, like the first company he started, he was forced out of his second company and once again started anew. The following company (and the three after that) all bore some permutation of the name Horch, which is German for “listen;” the Latin word for “listen” is “audi” and… well, no further explanation is needed. The four rings unique to the Audi brand represent the four companies with which Mr Horch would later band but, much like the legal woes of Mr Horch himself, the company would face an unsuccessful lawsuit brought by the Olympics commission because the rings closely resembled those of the international brand.", "At the 1933 Berlin Motor Show, Auto Union AG presented the new Audi, its first standard-size passenger car with front-wheel drive. The company used a kind of modular design principle for the first time and the Wanderer six-cylinder engine.", "In 1932, Audi merged with Horch, DKW, and Wanderer, to form Auto Union AG, Chemnitz. It was during this period that the company offered the Audi Front that became the first European car to combine a six-cylinder engine with front-wheel drive. It used a powertrain shared with the Wanderer, but turned 180-degrees, so that the drive shaft faced the front.", "1968 saw the unveiling of the first Audi 100 - a fundamentally new car which helped renew the value of Auto Union. In 1969, Auto Union GmbH and NSU Motor Works formed a joint company - Audi NSU Auto Union AG.", "August Horch left the Audiwerke in 1920 for a high position at the ministry of transport, but he was still involved with Audi as a member of the board of trustees. In September 1921, Audi became the first German car manufacturer to present a production car, the Audi Type K, with left-handed drive. Left-hand drive spread and established dominance during the 1920s because it provided a better view of oncoming traffic, making overtaking safer.", "The origins of the company are complex, going back to the early 20th century and the initial enterprises (Horch and the Audiwerke) founded by engineer August Horch; and two other manufacturers (DKW and Wanderer), leading to the foundation of Auto Union in 1932. The modern era of Audi essentially began in the 1960s when Auto Union was acquired by Volkswagen from Daimler-Benz. After relaunching the Audi brand with the 1965 introduction of the Audi F103 series, Volkswagen merged Auto Union with NSU Motorenwerke in 1969, thus creating the present day form of the company.", "In 1909, the supervisory board (the German equivalent of the Board of Directors) of the corporation forced out Horch. Horch went on to found Audi as Audiwerke GmbH, which became effective on 25 April 1910. The name was a solution to the legal dispute with his old company over use of the Horch brand and a clever play of words (\"audi\" is the literal Latin translation of the Old German \"horch\", meaning the imperative \"Listen!\").", "Both companies from Zwickau (Horch and Audi) were unified in 1932 with Zschopauer Motorenwerke J. S. Rasmussen (brand DKW) and the car producing piece of Wanderer to Saxony's Auto Union corporation. The Silver Arrow racing cars of the Auto Union racing team in Zwickau, developed by Ferdinand Porsche and Robert Eberan von Eberhorst, driven by Bernd Rosemeyer, Hans Stuck, Tazio Nuvolari, Ernst von Delius, were known the world over in the 1930s.", "In 1909, the supervisor board (German equivalent of the Board of Directors) of this corporation forced out Horch. Horch went on to found Audi , Audiwerke GmbH, which became effective on 25 April 1910. The name was a solution to the legal dispute with his old company over use of the Horch brand.", "In 1909, the supervisor board (German equivalent of the Board of Directors) of this corporation forced out Horch. Horch went on to found Audi , Audiwerke GmbH, which became effective on 25 April 1910. The name was a solution to the legal dispute with his old company over use of the Horch brand.", "The company underwent a change of name from Audi NSU Auto Union AG to AUDI AG in 1985, so that since then the company and the products it builds have shared the same name. The company's headquarters were moved back to Ingolstadt. Audi's subsequent progress has been marked by a sensational range of technical innovations: fully galvanised bodies, the most aerodynamic volume-built saloon of its time, the extensive use of turbocharged petrol engines, the development of economical direct-injection diesel engines, the aluminium body, the first hybrid vehicles, direct petrol injection and the manufacture of luxury-class cars with eight and twelve-cylinder engines are just some of the many mileposts that document the emergence of the Audi brand as a manufacturer of premium cars.", "Eventually, on 29th June, 1932 Audi merged with Horch, DKW and Wanderer to form the Auto Union . The current Audi four-ring logo is the Auto Union logo. In the 1930s Horch introduced a new line of smaller and cheaper, but still presentable, V8 automobiles.", "As was the case for most automotive companies, times were changing and becoming increasingly difficult to stay competitive and stay in business. In 1932, due to financial problems, August sold Audi. It became part of Auto Union. Auto Union was comprised of Horch, Das Kleine Wunder, Audi, and Wanderer. The Union was essential a way to continue production of automobiles while providing financial support necessary to fuel automotive racing and technology.", "Auto Union GmbH and NSU merged in 1969 to form Audi NSU Auto Union AG; this the company was renamed AUDI AG in 1985 and its headquarters transferred to Ingolstadt. The four rings remains the company's emblem to this day.", "A large proportion of the production is based at Group headquarters in Ingolstadt, as well as technical development, sales and administration. Here, Audi produces the entire A3 family, including the A3 e-tron, the first plug-in hybrid model from the Audi brand, and the A3 g-tron, which runs either on natural gas, petrol or e-gas produced by Audi. The Audi RS 3 Sportback and the A4 family models, the RS 4 Avant, the A5 Coupé and Sportback, the RS 5 Coupé and the Q5 are also produced here. The Audi Q2, the latest model in the AUDI AG product portfolio, also comes off the assembly line in Ingolstadt.", "In the spirit of these new guiding principles, the first-generation Audi 80 (B1 series) was launched in 1972, with a glittering array of new technical features such as a new series of OHC engines and self-stabilising steering roll radius. By the time production of this first generation ceased, more than a million cars had been built.", "The first-generation Audio 80 (B1 series) was launched a year after the slogan in 1972, and the new car was a brilliant reflection of that slogan with many impressive new technical features. It was throughout the 1970s that the Audi brand established itself as an innovative car manufacturer, such as with the five-cylinder engine (1976), turbocharging (1979), and the quattro four-wheel drive (1980). This is still reflective of the Audi brand today.", "Horch was instrumental in continuing the growth of Audi as a company and on the race track. During World War I, the direction of Audi switched to producing vehicles for the military.", "August Horch built the elegant 'Audi Type K' for the discriminating tastes of the elite. Many of these 1919 innovations would become standard later on - for example left-hand steering and the central position of the gear-shift." ]	[ 2.8515625, 2.76171875, 2.32421875, 1.5087890625, 1.4189453125, 1.201171875, 0.76806640625, 0.72216796875, 0.480224609375, -1.970703125, -2.08984375, -2.7421875, -2.931640625, -3.4296875, -4.08203125, -4.12890625, -4.66015625, -4.7109375, -5.36328125, -5.6875, -5.8125, -6.2109375, -6.2109375, -6.2734375, -6.328125, -6.625, -6.88671875, -7.44921875, -7.9921875, -8.0234375, -8.2109375, -8.234375 ]
Behind U.S.A. which country has the second longest road network in the world?	[ "The United States has the largest network of roadways of any country with 6,430,366 kilometres (3,995,644 mi) (2005). The People’s Republic of China is second with 3,583,715 kilometres(2,226,817 mi) of roadway (2007)", "China has the world's second biggest road network, exceeding 4.24 million kilometres (as of 2012 data). National highways and provincial highways respectively comprise 4% and 7% of the Chinese road network. The country's expressway network, which extends over 96,000km, is the world biggest network of this type.", "The US boasts the world's largest road network, followed by China and India, the world's two most populous countries. Roadtraffic-technology.com profiles the ten biggest road networks in the world based on total road length.", "Rivers and canals (notably the Grand Canal, which connects the Huang He and the Chang [Yangtze] rivers) remain important transportation arteries. The east and northeast are well served by railroads and highways, and there are now major rail and road links with the interior. There are railroads to North Korea, Russia, Mongolia, and Vietnam, and road connections to Pakistan, India, Nepal, and Myanmar. Since the 1980s China has undertaken a major highway construction program. As part of its continuing effort to become competitive in the global marketplace, China joined the World Trade Organization in 2001; its major trade partners are the United States, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and Germany. China's economy, though strengthened by the more liberal economic policies of the 1980s and 90s, continues to suffer from inadequate transportation, communication, and energy resources.", "The National Trunk Highway System (NTHS) expressway network of the People's Republic of China is the longest in the world. The total length of China's expressways was 111950 km by the end of 2014. Only in 2012, 12409 km of expressways were added to this network.", "Canada claimed the longest street in the world for a while. But the 1,178 miles (1,896 km) long Yonge Street, which starts in Toronto and runs through Ontario towns and wilderness, is interspersed with Highway 11 and lost its listing in the Guinness World Records.", "Pan-American Highway is a network of roads totaling a length of about 48,000 km (30,000 mi). It links almost all the mainland nations. This is considered as the world's longest \"motorable road.\" The U.S.A. has the world's largest road network with 6.4 million km (4 million mi) of roadways including interstate highways and U.S. Highways.", "The US road network exceeds 6.58 million kilometres in total length, making it the world's longest and biggest road network. It comprises approximately 4.3 million kilometres of paved roads including 76,334km of expressways and 2.28 million kilometres of unpaved roads. The country's road network includes many of the world's longest highways.", "Interstate 80 (I-80) is the second longest after the Interstate 90 Highway in the United States. This road connects downtown San Francisco, California, to Teaneck, New Jersey.", "A radial road network totals 29145 mi of main roads, 2173 mi of motorways and 213750 mi of paved roads. The M25, encircling London, is the largest and busiest bypass in the world. In 2009 there were a total of 34 million licensed vehicles in Great Britain. ", "Denmark has a well covered motorway system today, which has been difficult to build due to the county's geography with many islands. The longest bridges are the Great Belt and the Øresund bridges to Skåne (Scania) in southern Sweden. Both are motorways with dual electrical train tracks added. A motorway tunnel across the Fehmarn Belt to", "There is also an extensive highway network, much of it very good. Busses go almost anywhere, somewhat cheaper than the trains. See the China article for more. Driving yourself is also possible, but often problematic; see Driving in China .", "and one of the busiest highways in the world. The main municipal expressways in Toronto include the Gardiner Expressway, the Don Valley Parkway, and to some extent, Allen Road. The Greater Toronto Area suffers from chronic traffic congestion problems, and Toronto has the second worst traffic congestion in Canada after Vancouver. ", "In 1963, therefore, U.S. 20 became the longest road in the country. U.S. 20 is 3,365 miles long according to the 1989 log. The route begins in Boston at a junction with Massachusetts Route 2 and ends in Newport, Oregon, at a junction with U.S. 101. Because U.S. numbered highways are not designated with National Parks, U.S. 20 is divided into an East Section ending at the eastern entrance to Yellowstone National Park and a West Section beginning at the west entrance to the park.", "Sweden has the largest motorway network in Scandinavia (). It is, however, unevenly allocated. Most motorways are located in the south of the country, where the population density is the highest.", "Transportation facilities have improved steadily since the 1960s. Budapest is the transportation center. In 2002, roads totaled 159,568 km (99,251 mi), of which some 70,050 km (43,571 mi) were paved, including 527 km (328 mi) of expressways. In 2003, Hungary had 2,777,219 passenger cars and 394,988 commercial vehicles registered for use.", "Sweden has the largest motorway network in Scandinavia (2050 km). It is, however, unevenly allocated. Most motorways are located in the south of the country, where the population density is the highest.", "The M25 is the second-longest ring road in Europe, after the Berlin Ring ( A 10 ) which is 5 miles (8.0 km) longer.", "Denmark has a thoroughly modern and extensive infrastructure . Its numerous islands have encouraged the development of a network of ferry services in domestic waters with 415 kilometers (258 miles) of waterways. A well-maintained road and rail network includes 71,437 kilometers (44,388 miles) of highways (including 843 kilometers, or 524 miles, of expressways), and 2,859 kilometers (1,773 miles) of railways which serve almost every town. Some 508 kilometers (316 miles) of the railways are privately owned, while the rest are owned by the state.", "The country with the second most number of World Heritage sites is Spain (43) and the third most is China (41). They are the only other countries with over 40 World Heritage Sites.", "Venezuela has the distinction of having the most paved highways of any country in Latin America , 60 percent of its 94,929 kilometers (58,989 miles) of roads. Most of these highways are located in the northern part of the country, where population density is greatest. The southern half of the country is more heavily dependent on aircraft or river travel for transport. Almost 98 percent of goods are moved by trucks over the nation's highways. Although the capital city of Caracas has a subway system, the rest of the country is served by a very small railway system of 584 kilometers (363 miles). The railway system is used to transport freight, and the government is seeking ways to expand this system.", "Transportation was seen as a priority in the 1990s, pushed by the growing use of automobiles and industrialization. The country has a 68,732 kilometres (42,708 mi) network of highways. Almost 2,000 kilometres (1,240 mi) is the total length of 44 freeways that connect most of the country.", ", the road links the mainland nations of the Americas in a connected highway system. According to Guinness World Records , the Pan-American Highway is the world's longest \"motorable road\". However, because of the Darién Gap", "The system of United States Numbered Highways (often called U.S. Routes or U.S. Highways) is an integrated network of roads and highways numbered within a nationwide grid in the contiguous United States. As the designation and numbering of these highways were coordinated among the states, they are sometimes called Federal Highways, but the roadways have always been maintained by state or local governments since their initial designation in 1926.", "This includes some federal highway which extends throughout Russia from the Baltic Sea from the Atlantic Ocean to the Sea of Japan in the Pacific Ocean. The route is called AH6 in Asia. More than 11,000 kilometers in length and extends from Saint Petersburg to Vladivostok.", "2) When it was built it was the world's biggest ring road/city bypass at 117 miles. It is now the second biggest behind the Berlin Ring (A10), at 121 miles.", "There is a dense road and highway network. Improvement and repair have not kept up with the increased usage—an 80% increase in freight and a 1,800% increase in passenger transport between 1950 and 1970, and a 60% increase in freight traffic and a 70% increase in passenger transport during 1971-82. In 2001 out of a total of 364,697 km (226,842 mi) of roadways, 249,088 km (154,932 mi) were paved roads, including 399 km (248 mi) of expressways. In 2003, there were 11,243,800 passenger cars and 2,274,600 commercial vehicles.", "Name the largest and second longest river in the world and the continent it is on.", "This is an attempt to list which side of the road people drive on around the world, and to find some reasons why.", "Roads are drawn by double lines in crude sweeps across the country outline. A few routes are labelled, eg:-", "is the second longest river in the world and by far the largest by waterflow with an average discharge", "The State Road D.100 and the European route E80, the Trans European Motorway (TEM) O-3 are the two main motorway connections between Europe and" ]	[ 4.8359375, 3.328125, 2.521484375, -0.50927734375, -1.6025390625, -1.6220703125, -1.8134765625, -1.990234375, -2.03515625, -2.595703125, -3.193359375, -3.423828125, -3.486328125, -3.69921875, -3.83203125, -3.83203125, -3.833984375, -3.8359375, -4.02734375, -4.09765625, -4.16015625, -4.33984375, -4.3828125, -4.8671875, -5.12890625, -5.41796875, -5.734375, -6.87109375, -6.90234375, -6.984375, -7.0625, -7.67578125 ]
According to the Highway Code, passengers of what age and above are responsible for themselves wearing a seatbelt?	[ "By law, you must wear a seat belt in cars and goods vehicles where one is fitted. There are very few exceptions to this. The driver can be fined if a child under 14 years does not wear a seat belt or child restraint as required. Anyone 14 and over not wearing a seat belt, is responsible for themselves.", "In buses and coaches with seat belts fitted, passengers aged 14 years and above must use them.", "Seat Belts must be worn and, as a driver, you are responsible for ensuring that every passenger under 17 years of age is wearing one; mobile phones can mean", "Article 4 of Ministerial Decree 2777 of 2000 requires the driver and any individual in the front passenger seat to wear a seat belt. However, it does not require children in the vehicle to wear a seat belt. Article 5 of the Decree prohibits children under seven from sitting in the front passenger seat. [23]", "The UK extended compulsory seatbelt wearing to child passengers under the age of 14 in 1989. It was observed that this measure was accompanied by a 10% increase in fatalities and a 12% increase in injuries among the target population. In crashes, small children who wear adult seatbelts can suffer \"seat-belt syndrome\" injuries including severed intestines, ruptured diaphragms and spinal damage. There is also research suggesting that children in inappropriate restraints are at significantly increased risk of head injury, one of the authors of this research has been quoted as claiming that: \"The early graduation of kids into adult lap and shoulder belts is a leading cause of child-occupant injuries and deaths.\" ", "The use of seat belts by children is required by the National Road Traffic Regulations, [45] subsidiary legislation to the National Road Traffic Act. [46] This Law states that the driver of a motor vehicle must ensure that a child (all persons between the ages of three and fourteen except those taller than “one comma five meters”) in the vehicle uses a child restraint if one is available, or wears a seat belt in a seat that is equipped with one. [47] If no seat belt is available and the vehicle is equipped with a rear seat, the driver must ensure that the child is seated in the rear seat. [48]", "The use of seat belts is mandatory in Brazil for the driver and passengers on all roads of the national territory, except when otherwise regulated by the National Council of Traffic (Conselho Nacional de Trânsito, CONTRAN). >[6 Children less than ten years of age must be transported in the rear seats, except when otherwise regulated by CONTRAN. [7] On May 28, 2008, CONTRAN issued Resolution No. 277, which regulates the transportation of children who are less than ten years of age and requires the use of restraint devices for the transportation of children in motor vehicles. [8]", "Safety belts are a relatively new thing, with the first mandatory safety belt law enacted in New York state in 1984. Motor vehicle crashes remain the leading cause of death in the United States among people ages 5 to 34 years old, but using seat belts has significantly reduced injuries, the CDC said.", "The Highway Code rules for drivers and motorcyclists, including vehicle condition, fitness to drive, alcohol and drugs, what to do before setting off, vehicle towing and loading and seat belts and child restraints.", "In Singapore, provisions on seat belts and child restraints are contained in the Road Traffic Act (Chapter 276), Road Traffic (Motor Vehicles, Wearing of Seat Belts) Rules 2011 (No. S 688). [42] According to the Rules, the driver and every passenger of a motor vehicle are required to wear a body-restraining seat belt or a lap belt wherever available. [43] A passenger shorter than 1.35 meters in height is required to be properly secured by an approved child restraint. [44] ", "\"To reduce the burden of road traffic injuries, we recommend that all car occupants should wear seat-belts for protection of not only themselves, but also the other passengers.\"", "The wearing of seatbelts ( ceinture de sécurité) is compulsory for both front- and rear-seat passengers (unless belts aren’t fitted; front belts are mandatory on cars registered after January 1965 and rear seatbelts on cars registered after October 1978). Even passengers can be fined for not wearing a seatbelt. If you have an accident and weren’t wearing a seatbelt, your insurance company can refuse to pay a claim for personal injury.", "A seat belt, also known as a safety belt, is a vehicle safety device designed to secure the occupant of a vehicle against harmful movement that may result during a collision or a sudden stop. A seat belt functions to reduce the likelihood of death or serious injury in a traffic collision by reducing the force of secondary impacts with interior strike hazards, by keeping occupants positioned correctly for maximum effectiveness of the airbag (if equipped) and by preventing occupants being ejected from the vehicle in a crash or if the vehicle rolls over. When driving, the driver and passengers are travelling at the same speed as the car. If the car suddenly stops or crashes, the driver and passengers continue at the same speed the car was going before it stopped. A seatbelt applies an opposite force to the driver and passengers to prevent them from falling out or making contact with the interior of the car.", "Law No. 22 of 2009 Concerning Road Traffic and Transportation includes provisions that require cars to be fitted with seat belts [29] and for the driver and any passengers sitting beside the driver to wear seat belts. [30]", "The law states that seat belts and/or child restraints must be worn by all vehicle occupants (fines and demerit points apply if this is not complied with).", "\"With up to 15 drivers and front seat passengers killed each year by the impact of an unbelted rear seat passenger it is vital that everyone - young or old, travelling in the front or back - wears a seatbelt.\"", "Starting January 1, 2012, all Illinois car passengers, regardless of age or where they're seated in the car, have to buckle their seat-belts. Not a requirement just for drivers and front seat passengers anymore, you back seat drivers better get used to buckling up (except in buses, cabs, and emergency vehicles). Gov. Quinn signed the legislation into law today .", "Article 51 of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Road Traffic Safety provides that, “[w]hen a motor vehicle is running, the driver and riders shall use safety belts in accordance with regulations; the driver of a motorcycle and the riders shall wear safety helmets in accordance with regulations.” [17] The law does not provide specific rules for child restraints.", "There is no reason why this country can’t approach 100-percent compliance. Seat belts are an easy way to add a level of safety each and every time you get into your vehicle. It protects passengers from hitting hard vehicle surfaces or being ejected from the vehicle in a crash. So take a couple seconds to buckle up and model good behavior for the next generation. It really does save lives.", "New Hampshire still has no mandatory seat belt use law for adults, and 16 other states have only implemented secondary enforcement laws. In contrast to primary use laws, under which a police officer can stop and ticket a driver simply for not wearing a seat belt, secondary laws only allow for mandatory seat belt use enforcement if a driver has been stopped for some other reason. Studies have shown that primary enforcement is far more effective in improving use and lowering fatalities.", "Most seat belt legislation in the United States is left to the states. However, the first seat belt law was a federal law which took effect on this day and required all vehicles (except buses) to be fitted with seatbelts in all designated seating positions. Since then this law was modified to require 3-point seatbelts in outboard seating positions, and finally 3-point seatbelts in all seating positions. Seatbelt use was not compulsory.", "The safety of each driver and each passenger of a car depends, to a great extent, on the traffic partners and the road.", "Vietnam’s Law on Road Traffic requires that the driver and persons sitting in the front seat of a car wear safety belts if the car is equipped with them. [56]", "Because of tightening auto safety regulations from the NHTSA, all 1990 and 1991 Accords sold in the United States came equipped with motorized shoulder belts for front passengers to comply with passive restraint mandates. These semi-automatic restraints were a two component system; a motorized shoulder belt along with a non-integrated and manually operated seatbelt. The shoulder belts automatically raced around each window frame encircling both the driver and front seat passenger whenever the front door closed. The process reversed to release them when opened. The lap belts however, still required manual fastening.", "Although it became compulsory to wear rear seatbelts in 1991, more than half of all passengers still refuse to use them. Men are more reluctant to wear them than women.", "Twenty years after the introduction of compulsory front seat belt wearing, the Parliamentary Advisory Council for Transport Safety (PACTS) published their Seat Belts Factsheet which stated: \"Seat belts are a proven way of reducing the severity of injuries. The government has estimated that since seat belt wearing was made compulsory in 1983 it has reduced casualties by at least 370 deaths and 7000 serious injuries per year for front seat belts and 70 deaths and 1000 serious injuries for rear seat belts.\"", "No person shall drive a vehicle on a highway at a speed greater than is reasonable and prudent under the conditions and having regard to the actual and potential hazards then existing. In every event, speed shall be controlled as may be necessary to avoid colliding with any person, or vehicle on or entering the highway in compliance with legal requirements and the duty of all persons to use due care.", "Section 89 Defines that \"A person who drives a motor vehicle on a road at a speed exceeding a limit imposed by or under any enactment to which this section applies shall be guilty of an offence.\"", "Drivers may not use hand signals on a freeway (except in emergencies) and the minimum speed on a freeway is 60 km/h. Drivers in the rightmost lane of multi-carriageway freeways must move to the left if a faster vehicle approaches from behind to overtake.", "Drivers may not use hand signals on a freeway (except in emergencies) and the minimum speed on a freeway is . Drivers in the rightmost lane of multi-carriageway freeways must move to the left if a faster vehicle approaches from behind to overtake.", "> It is just people like you who drive a car and is risking the lives of", "Q41. You should not normally travel on the hard shoulder of a motorway. When can you use it?" ]	[ 2.728515625, 1.6416015625, 1.2529296875, -0.349609375, -0.75830078125, -0.8125, -1.216796875, -1.9130859375, -2.05859375, -2.884765625, -3.099609375, -3.193359375, -3.328125, -3.67578125, -3.7734375, -3.955078125, -4.0390625, -5.390625, -5.6328125, -5.88671875, -5.90625, -6.03125, -6.2109375, -6.421875, -6.86328125, -6.890625, -6.953125, -8.765625, -9.1640625, -9.640625, -9.84375, -10.265625 ]
What was the name of the Volkswagen Beetle which made it's first appearance in The Love Bug?	[ "The Love Bug (sometimes referred to as Herbie the Love Bug) is a 1968 American comedy film and the first in a series of films made by Walt Disney Productions that starred an anthropomorphic pearl-white, fabric-sunroofed 1963 Volkswagen racing Beetle named Herbie. It was based on the 1961 book Car, Boy, Girl by Gordon Buford.", "The Love Bug, sometimes referred to as Herbie the Love Bug is the first in a series of comedy films made by Walt Disney Productions that starred an anthropomorphic pearl-white, fabric-sunroofed 1963 Volkswagen racing Beetle named Herbie. It was based on the 1961 book Car, Boy, Girl by Gordon Buford. The movie follows the adventures of Herbie, Herbie's driver Jim Douglas, and Jim's love interest, Carole Bennett. It also features Buddy Hackett as Jim's enlightened, kind-hearted friend, Tennessee Steinmetz, a character who creates \"art\" from used car parts. English actor David Tomlinson portrays the villainous Peter Thorndyke, owner of an auto showroom and an SCCA national champion who sells Herbie to Jim and eventually becomes Jim's racing rival.", "The Love Bug (1969), sometimes referred to as Herbie the Love Bug is the first in a series of comedy films made by Walt Disney Productions that starred an anthropomorphic pearl-white, fabric-sunroofed 1963 Volkswagen racing Beetle named Herbie. It was based on the 1961 book Car, Boy, Girl by Gordon Buford.", "Herbie, a Volkswagen Beetle, has worked alongside human stars ranging from Dean Jones, Buddy Hackett, Don Knotts, Helen Hayes, and Cloris Leachman to Lindsay Lohan, Matt Dillon, and Michael Keaton. Herbie received his first on-screen credit in the 1969 hit 'The Love Bug'. Set against the backdrop of San Francisco, 'The Love Bug' featured Herbie ... See full bio »", "Herbie is an anthropomorphic 1963 Volkswagen Beetle, a character that is featured in several Disney motion pictures starting with the 1968 feature film The Love Bug . He has a mind of his own and is capable of driving himself, and is a serious contender in auto racing competitions. Throughout most of the franchise, Herbie is distinguished by red, white and blue racing stripes from front to back bumper, a racing-style number \"53\" on the front trunk lid, doors, and engine lid, and a yellow-on-black '63 California license plate that says, \"OFP 857\". One exception to this is his introduction in The Love Bug, where he initially appears as a nondescript white vehicle with a gray colored fabric sunroof (a.k.a. \"ragtop\"), the style of sunroof offered on VW Beetles made through 1963.", "Since, I was three years old I have loved Herbie, the Volkswagen Beetle with a mind of his own. The Love Bug is a wonderful film for the family. Filled with adventure, comedy, and sweetness it is perfect for kids of all ages. When Jim Douglas, played by Dean Jones, starts to have a fluke in his racing career he almost gives up hope. He is stunned by a car dealership that is owned by Thorndyke, played by David Tomlinson, where he first runs into the famous Herbie. After standing up for the little car, Jim has found that the little car is his for keeps.", "Based on the 1961 novel Car, Boy, Girl by Gordon Buford, Herbie the Love Bug is a beloved 1963 Volkswagen Beetle with a lot of character. He has been featured in seven films; the first came out in 1968 and was the third highest grossing that year. with one being made for TV, plus in 1982 there was a TV series with five episodes. Herbie Goes to Monte Carlo (1977) with Don Knott was the most memorable of the lot for me when I was growing up, but I am quite fond of the original Love Bug film.", "The Volkswagen Beetle (officially the Volkswagen Type 1, informally in Germany the Volkswagen Käfer and in the U.S. as Volkswagen Bug) is a two-door, four passenger, rear-engine economy car manufactured and marketed by German automaker Volkswagen (VW) from 1938 until 2003.", "Additionally, Herbie was running on standard wheels yet again. Volkswagen also promoted the film by having a Type 1 Beetle, complete with Herbie livery, in every showroom. There are various model errors in this film, such as the later \"big window\" (post-1964) Beetles being used. Also of note is the \"cut-n-shut\" engine cover after the warehouse break-in. The Beetle used was a late model, having a more bulbous flat-bottomed lid with an earlier rounded bottom edge welded on.", "Shortly after Christmas 1945, an icon was born. World War II had at last come to an end, and out of its destructive wake rolled a round, cartoonish-looking compact known as the Volkswagen Beetle . Also called the Volkswagen Type 1 or VW Bug, the Beetle would eventually be sold more than 21 million times, making it the most prolific car in history. If there were a Mount Rushmore for automobiles, it would undoubtedly have a place reserved on it for the little Bug.", "Beetle — Since the Beetle was the first VW model ever made, it was originally just called “The Volkswagen.” Later it got its name due to its iconic styling, which looks like a beetle bug.", "Volkswagen saw its sales in the North American market tumble during the early '90s, but by the end of the decade, refocused marketing efforts and an increased emphasis on new products had brought about a turnaround in the company's fortunes. The popular New Beetle helped put the company back on the radar in the United States (though it fared less successfully in European markets). The body style was based on the classic Beetle, and it struck a chord with consumers who still had a place in their hearts for the iconic, cheerful-looking \"love bug.\"", "The first movie, titled \"The Love Bug,\" was released in 1968 and starred Dean Jones and Michele Lee. Sequels followed, including \"Herbie Rides Again\" in 1974 and the most recent film, the 2005 remake, \"Herbie Fully Loaded,\" starring Lindsay Lohan.", "After the war the company was offer to the British, French and Americans but was reject by all three powers. As a result, \"Volkswagen\" which is literally the \"Folks' wagon,\" began domestic production at the end of the 1940s its iconic Beetle. The beloved Bug first first landed in American in 1949 and quickly became a favorite of the masses. Due to the perfect combination of engineering, design and marketing the Beetle surged in sales throughout the 1960s attracting a younger, hipper demographic who could not yet afford to the wildly popular muscle cars and large sedans of the time. Such was the success of the VW Bug that it managed to surpass Ford's venerated Model T in terms of volume by the 1970s and therefore became firmly entrenched in American automotive culture. The Seventies also witnessed the arrival of yet two more iconic VW models: the Passat and the Golf (or Rabbit in North America).", "In 1994, Volkswagen unveiled the J Mays -designed Concept One , a \"retro\"-themed car with a resemblance to the original Beetle but based on the Polo platform. Its genesis was secret and in opposition to VW management, who felt it was too backward-looking. Management could not deny the positive public response to the concept car and gave the green-light to its development as the New Beetle . The production car would be based on the Golf rather than the Polo, because the Polo frame was too small for the car to pass crash test standards in the U.S. It has been quite popular in the North America and is now gaining in the EU.", "Herbie's performance ranged through out the films. In \"The Love Bug,\" at least one Herbie was equipped with a 356 Porsche engine, Others used modified VW Bus engines. Some Herbies featured Porsche brakes. In Herbie Goes To Monte Carlo several Herbies were fitted with high performance 1835cc Volkswagen engines with 2 barrel Holley carburators. ", "Production of the Beetle at the Wolfsburg factory switched to the VW Golf in 1974, marketed in the United States and Canada as the Volkswagen Rabbit in the 1970s and as the Golf in the 1980s. This was a car unlike its predecessor in most significant ways, both mechanically as well as visually (its angular styling was designed by the Italian Giorgetto Giugiaro). Its design followed trends for small family cars set by the 1959 Mini and 1972 Renault 5—the Golf had a transversely mounted, water-cooled engine in the front, driving the front wheels, and had a hatchback, a format that has dominated the market segment ever since. Beetle production continued in smaller numbers at other German factories (Essen) until 1978, but mainstream production shifted to Brazil and Mexico.", "This changed in 1959, when the New York advertising agency, Doyle Dane Bernbach, began a landmark advertising campaign, dubbing the car ‘the Beetle’ because of its shape and pointing to its small size as an advantage to the consumer. This campaign, which used minimalist techniques (‘Think Small’) against all the accepted wisdom of the time to glamorize, was very successful, and for some years following, the Beetle became the leading automobile import sold in the United States. Its apex was reached when the Beetle became the ‘hero’ of the popular Disney ‘Love Bug’ movie series.", "Though the origins of the company date back to the 1930s, the design for the car that would become known as the \"Volkswagen Beetle\" date back even further, as a pet project by car designer Ferdinand Porsche (1875–1951). Adolf Hitler's desire that almost anybody should be able to afford a car coincided with this design—although much of this design was inspired by the advanced Tatra cars of Hans Ledwinka.", "The first reference to the name Beetle occurred in U.S. advertising in 1968, but not until 1998 and the Golf based New Beetle would the name be adopted by Wolfsburg. During the 1960s and early 1970s, although the car was becoming outdated, American exports, innovative advertising and a growing reputation for reliability helped production figures to surpass the levels of the previous record holder, the Ford Model T. By 1973, total production was over 16 million.", "The Volkswagen Beetle is the spiritual successor to the original People’s Car from the late 1930s, though the…", "In 1998, Volkswagen launched the J Mays-designed the Concept One, a \"retro\"-themed car with a resemblance to the original Beetle but based on the Golf chassis. Its genesis was secret and in opposition to VW management, who felt it was too backward-looking. Management could not deny the positive public response to the concept car and gave the green-light to its development as the New Beetle. It has been quite popular in the USA, less so in Europe.", "World War II delayed production of the vehicle; the factory suffered extensive damage during combat, and was ultimately taken over by the British Army. The company was renamed Volkswagen, and the town at the factory was renamed Wolfsburg (after Werner von Schulenberg of Wolfsburg, who had been forced to surrender his land for the construction of the town and factory). By the end of the 1940s, mass production of the Volkswagen Beetle had begun. The model made its first appearance on U.S. shores in 1949.", "This 1970s era Volkswagen Beetle was discovered living with an attractive growth of weeds in eastern North Carolina. The Beetle was enormously popular in the U.S. through more than three decades reaching 15 million sales in 1972 setting an all-time sales record surpassing the previous record holder, the Ford Model T. (Photo by Ralph Gable)", "A well-known publicity photo for The Love Bug. Note that the \"53\" racing number is missing from Herbie's open door.", "This late 1960s or early 1970s Volkswagen Beetle was found enveloped in weeds near White Lake, N.C. The original Beetle was first sold in the U.S. in 1949 and sales continued into 1979 before the car was discontinued in North America. (Photos by Jim Meachen)", "In the movies, the Beetle was known for being a champion race car with a colorful personality. The car could drive itself and winked with its headlights. Several Herbies have been used in the movies for cut-away perspectives and for different special effects.", "Racing Stripes - In the Love Bug, his stripes started out red, white, and blue and in the later three films (along with the 1982 TV series) he had darker blue stripes that can be mistaken for black. In the 1997 television film and the 2005 film, his stripes are the original red, white, and blue.", "For all purposes on film, Herbie is a 1963 Sunroof Sedan. However, Disney used several different year beetles through out the many films. All of the beetles were altered to look like '63 models. Disney used cars ranging from the 1950s models through the 1970s.", "Advertising – Volkswagen ties into the latest Disney movie with this print advertisement… “ Volkswagen gives you the reasons why its bug is the star of a new movie – why would a big film studio like Walt Disney want to make a movie star out of a bug? Once signed up, it won’t suddenly start making crazy demands (a gallon of gas for every 27 miles or so is all)… No studio could ask for a less temperamental star (it’ll work any time, anywhere and in any weather)… Or one that ages so gracefully … And of course, there isn’t a performer around that’s better known to the public – more than 3 million personal appearances on the road each day.”", "Later when Truly is out in her motorcar again, she almost runs into Caractacus and the children in their newly restored car, and in swerving to avoid them ends up stuck in the village pond once again (this is a running gag throughout the film). Since the car is stranded in the muddy pond, Jeremy and Jemima ask her to join them on their picnic. Caractacus, in an effort to mend fences after her support at the sweet factory, says if she joins then on their picnic at the beach he will ask Mr. Coggins (the local mechanic) to tow it out later that afternoon. Once they are on their way again, Truly learns that the car is named Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (due to the noises it makes) and they sing the film's title song (\"Chitty Chitty Bang Bang\"). During the picnic at the beach, Truly watched Caractacus playing with his children, and realises that she has fallen in love with him. The picnic turns into an unexpected adventure, and afterwards the family escort Truly safely home but invite her to another picnic the next day, which she accepts. As Caractacus and the children leave, she watches them and sings about her love for Caractacus (\"Lovely Lonely Man\") before returning to her family mansion.", "More so than those cars, it maintains a very strong following worldwide, being regarded as something of a \"cult\" car since its 1960s association with the hippie movement. By 2002 there had been over 21 million produced. On July 21, 2003, the last old-style Volkswagen Beetle rolled of its production line in Puebla, Mexico." ]	[ 6.203125, 5.921875, 5.24609375, 4.05859375, 3, 2.423828125, 1.900390625, -0.1590576171875, -1.1064453125, -1.384765625, -1.796875, -2.017578125, -2.216796875, -2.33203125, -2.337890625, -2.37890625, -2.689453125, -2.814453125, -3.607421875, -3.826171875, -4.00390625, -4.03515625, -4.140625, -4.69921875, -5.24609375, -5.7421875, -5.8984375, -6.078125, -6.14453125, -6.79296875, -6.90234375, -7.3828125 ]
In which year did Czechoslovakia become the first country to make seat belts compulsory?	[ "Meanwhile in 1969 Czechoslovakia became the first country in the world to make wearing seat belts compulsory.", "Three decades of compulsory seatbelt use are being marked today as the government made a selection of historic THINK! adverts available online. The law requiring all drivers to wear their seatbelts came in to force 30 years ago today (31 January 2013) - on 31 January 1983.", "Twenty years after the introduction of compulsory front seat belt wearing, the Parliamentary Advisory Council for Transport Safety (PACTS) published their Seat Belts Factsheet which stated: \"Seat belts are a proven way of reducing the severity of injuries. The government has estimated that since seat belt wearing was made compulsory in 1983 it has reduced casualties by at least 370 deaths and 7000 serious injuries per year for front seat belts and 70 deaths and 1000 serious injuries for rear seat belts.\"", "Volvo released the new seat belt design to other car manufacturers, and it quickly became standard worldwide. The National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966 made seat belts a required feature on all new American vehicles from the 1968 model year onward. Though engineers have improved on seat belt design over the years, the basic structure is still Bohlin's.", "Czechoslovakia, formed in 1918, was an independent state born directly after the end of the First World War and the subsequent breakup of the Austro-Hungarian Empire on October 31, 1918. It was a state which included territories of what is now the Czech Republic, Slovakia and the Ukraine. The population of Czechoslovakia in 1921 was 13.6 million, out of which Czechoslovaks (Czechs and Slovaks) accounted for 64%, Germans for 23%, Hungarians for 5.5%, and so on. It was a country composed of people of many nationalities, enjoyed many spoken languages, and could be considered multi-ethnic by all means. To understand the complexities of the eventual split, it is important to understand the historical developments that took place.", "In 1918, Slovakia and the regions of Bohemia, Moravia, Czech Silesia and Carpathian Ruthenia formed a common state, Czechoslovakia, with the borders confirmed by the Treaty of Saint Germain and Treaty of Trianon. In 1919, during the chaos following the breakup of Austria-Hungary, Czechoslovakia was formed with numerous Germans and Hungarians within the newly set borders. A Slovak patriot Milan Rastislav Štefánik (1880–1919), who helped organize Czechoslovak regiments against Austria-Hungary during the First World War, died in a plane crash. In the peace following the World War, Czechoslovakia emerged as a sovereign European state. It provided what were at the time rather extensive rights to its minorities and remained the only democracy in this part of Europe in the interwar period.", "The Austrian states of Vorarlberg, Tyrol and Carinthia, as well as the western half of Salzburg switched to driving on the right between 1921 and 1935. When Germany annexed Austria in 1938, Hitler ordered the rest of Austria to make the switch overnight. The change threw the driving public into turmoil, because motorists were unable to see most road signs. In Vienna it proved impossible to change the trams overnight, so while all other traffic took to the right-hand side of the road, the trams continued to run on the left for several weeks. Czechoslovakia and Hungary, among the last states on the mainland of Europe to keep left, changed to the right after being invaded by Germany in 1939 and late 1944 respectively.", "In 1955, Czechoslovakia signed the Warsaw Pact, a mutual-defense treaty between Eastern European countries and the Soviet Union. Czechoslovakia was located in the heart of Europe and was very important strategically. The Czech Communist Party guaranteed the alliance with Soviet Union. The party followed Soviet orders loyally until Alexander Dubcek came to power as party secretary in January 1968. Dubcek introduced a series of liberal reforms that embodied what he called “socialism with a human face.” Dubcek took his cue from Russian leader Nikita Khrushchev, who began the de-Stalinization of the USSR. Khrushchev was ousted for his efforts to end the Stalinist political system created by leader Joseph Stalin. Leonid Breznev replaced him in 1964.", "Czechoslovakia was created with the dissolution of Austria-Hungary at the end of World War I. In 1917, a meeting took place in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania , where the future Czechoslovak president Tomáš Masaryk and other Czech and Slovak representatives signed the Pittsburgh Agreement which promised a common state consisting of two equal nations, Slovakia and Czechia. Soon after, the philosophy of Edvard Beneš pushed for greater unity and a single nation.", "In 1918, Slovakia joined the regions of Bohemia and neighbouring Moravia to form Czechoslovakia. During the chaos following the breakup of Austria-Hungary, Slovakia was in 1919 attacked by the provisional Hungarian Soviet Republic and 1/3 area of Slovakia temporarily became the Slovak Soviet Republic. During the Interwar period, democratic and prosperous Czechoslovakia was permanently threatened by revisionist governments of Germany and Hungary, until it was finally broken up by the Munich Agreement of 1938, when Slovakia became a separate state with a Nazi Germany sympathizing government (in lead with president Jozef Tiso). However, the anti-Nazi resistance movement launched a fierce armed insurrection, known as the Slovak National Uprising, in 1944. After World War II , Czechoslovakia was reassembled and came under the influence of the Soviet Union and its Warsaw Pact from 1945 onward. In 1969, the state became a federation of the Czech Socialist Republic and the Slovak Socialist Republic.", "Czechoslovakia was dismembered by Nazi Germany, starting with Neville Chamberlain's Munich Agreement with Hitler in 1938 and the German–Italian Vienna Awards. The Czech part (western) of the country became the so-called Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia under so-called State-President Emil Hácha, the newly separated Slovak Republic, a Nazi-dependent puppet regime, led by Roman Catholic priest Jozef Tiso was ultimately inserted in Slovakia. Part of southern Slovakia as well as the complete Ruthenia (the former most eastern part of Czechoslovakia) was annexed by Hungary. Zaolzie was annexed by Poland, only to be snatched from them by the Germans 11 months later.", "The Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (Czech/Slovak: Československá socialistická republika, ČSSR) was the official name of Czechoslovakia from 11 July 1960 until following the 1989 Velvet Revolution, when the name was changed on 23 April 1990. It has been regarded as a satellite state of the Soviet Union. ", "BUT THE WHOLE 268 SEATBELT BUSINESS IS CLOUDY. “There’s been a couple of claims,” notes IMS historian Donald Davidson. “They weren’t routinely installed until the early 1950s, and it wasn’t mandatory to wear them. Some people may have put a rope in — was that a seat belt? There was a strong move to get them put in from 1950 on.”", "Czechoslovakia was dismembered by Nazi Germany, starting with Neville Chamberlain 's Munich Agreement with Hitler in 1938 and the German–Italian Vienna Awards . The Czech portion of the nation became the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia under President Emil Hácha . A Nazi-dependent puppet regime led by Jozef Tiso was ultimately inserted in Slovakia. Part of southern Slovakia was annexed by Hungary . From 1940, a government-in-exile in London under former Czechoslovak president Edvard Beneš was recognized as an allied power. The Slovak National Uprising , commenced in August 1944, was put down by German forces at the end of October, however partisans continued fighting in the hills till the end of the war. In April, 1945, the Red Army defeated the Germans and ousted Tiso's government, annexing Carpathia Ruthenia to the USSR.", "With the exception of the Prague Spring in the late 1960s, Czechoslovakia was characterized by the absence of democracy and competitiveness with the Western European nations as part of the Cold War. In the religious sphere, atheism was officially promoted and taught. In 1969, the country became a federation of the Czech Socialist Republic and Slovak Socialist Republic.", "Nils Bohlin, an engineer at Volvo, invented the three-point seat belt in 1959. The 1950s were a time when pilots and racing drivers wore harnesses, but seatbelts – where they were fitted in cars – took the form of a rudimentary two-point waist restraint. In crashes, sometimes these did more harm than good.", "In April 1945, the Third Republic was formed, led by a National Front of six parties. Because of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia's strength and Beneš' loyalty, unlike in other Eastern Bloc countries, the Kremlin did not require Bloc politics or \"reliable\" cadres in Czechoslovakian power positions, and the executive and legislative branches retained their traditional structures. The Communists were the big winners in the 1946 elections, taking a total of 114 seats (they ran a separate list in Slovakia). Not only was this the only time a Communist party finished first in a free election anywhere in Europe during the Cold War era, but it was of only two free elections ever held in the Soviet bloc. Klement Gottwald, leader of the KSČ, became Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.", "An inquest the following summer recorded a verdict of accidental death on all of the victims. It was reported that none of the children in the minibus were wearing seatbelts, and the side-facing benches seating layout was also criticised as dangerous. This led to seatbelts becoming compulsory equipment on all coaches and minibuses (more than 20 years after they had been compulsory on cars) and only recently (more than a decade on) becoming law for them to be worn. [6]", "The collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the end of World War I brought the Czechs and Slovaks together for the first time as “Czechoslovaks.” The Czechs became the ruling ethnic group in Czechoslovakia , a new state in which Germans and Hungarians lived as unwilling citizens, bound to become disloyal minorities bent on undermining the democratic constitution engendered by the country’s founders, Tomáš G. Masaryk and Edvard Beneš . Many among this German population turned into Nazi sympathizers with the ascent to power of Adolf Hitler in Germany, whose design on the German-speaking border region of Czechoslovakia was appeased by England and France in the Munich Agreement of September 1938. Emasculated , Czechoslovakia succumbed to direct German invasion six months later. Bohemia and Moravia became a protectorate of the “Greater German Empire,” while Slovakia—whose Hungarian districts were ceded to Hungary—was induced by Hitler to proclaim its independence.", "* 1969–1990: The federal republic consisted of the Czech Socialist Republic and the Slovak Socialist Republic.", "The political union of Czechs and Slovaks after World War I was feasible because the two ethnic groups are closely related in language, religion, and general culture . An independent Czechoslovak state was declared by Tomáš Masaryk , Edvard Beneš , and other leaders on October 28, 1918, and was quickly recognized by France and other Allied opponents of Austria . Bohemia and Moravia, populated by Czechs, constituted its western portion, while Slovakia occupied the eastern portion. Czechs and Slovaks together accounted for roughly two-thirds of the new country’s population; other nationalities within the state’s borders included Germans, Hungarians, Ruthenians, and Poles.", "Reunited after the war, the Czechs and Slovaks held elections in 1946. In Slovakia, the Democratic Party won the elections, but the Czechoslovak Communist Party won 38% of the total vote in Czechoslovakia and eventually seized power, in February 1948. The next four decades were characterized by strict communist rule, interrupted only briefly in 1968 when Alexander Dubcek, a Slovak, became party leader. Dubcek proposed political, social, and economic reforms in his effort to make \"socialism with a human face\" a reality. Concern among other Warsaw Pact governments that Dubcek had gone too far led to the invasion and occupation of Czechoslovakia on August 21, 1968, by Soviet, Hungarian, Bulgarian, East German, and Polish troops. Dubcek was removed as party leader and replaced by another Slovak, Gustav Husak, in April 1969.", "Bohemia had long agitated for greater autonomy and had increasingly demanded independence. In 1917, a meeting took place in Pittsburgh, U.S. where the future Czechoslovak president Tomas Masaryk and other Czech and Slovak representatives signed the \"Pittsburgh accord,\" which promised a common state consisting of two equal nations, Slovakia and Czechia. Soon after, the philosophy of Edvard Beneš pushed for greater unity and a single nation. Up until World War II , it was a democratic republic. Tension existed between the dominant Czechs and the smaller German and Slovak communities. The Germans, under Austria-Hungary, had often been blamed for enjoying a privileged status. In 1938, the German speaking Sudetenland became part of Germany. In the spring of 1939, with the approval of Adolf Hitler and a majority of Slovaks, the Slovak Republic was created as a puppet-Nazi state. During the second world war, Germany invaded and occupied Czechoslovakia. After the war, it fell within the Soviet Union zone. Pre-war borders were restored (although not entirely, since some territory became part of what was then Soviet Ukrainea. The Soviets set up the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, originally a centrally run, communist state.", "Most seat belt legislation in the United States is left to the states. However, the first seat belt law was a federal law which took effect on this day and required all vehicles (except buses) to be fitted with seatbelts in all designated seating positions. Since then this law was modified to require 3-point seatbelts in outboard seating positions, and finally 3-point seatbelts in all seating positions. Seatbelt use was not compulsory.", "Towards the middle of the last century, advances in automotive engineering meant cars were being produced with faster engines and becoming more accessible to the masses. The potential for death or serious injury increased as the roads became ever busier with ever-faster vehicles. Few people may be aware of who Nils Bohlin was, but anyone who has sat in a car since the early 1960s will have used his most famous innovation, widely believed to be one of the most important inventions of late modernity: the three-point seatbelt.", "A new law came into force at midnight in Britain making it compulsory for drivers and front seat passengers to wear seatbelts. According to the Department of Transport 30,000 people a year were being killed or seriously injured in road accidents. It was hoped the compulsory wearing of front seatbelts would save 1,000 lives a year. Police took a softly softly approach to start with, but drivers were eventually fined £50 for not wearing their seatbelts.", "On 14 March Slovakia seceded from Czechoslovakia and became a separate pro-Nazi state. On the following day, Carpathian Ruthenia proclaimed independence as well, but after three days was completely occupied by Hungary. Czechoslovak president Emil Hácha traveled to Berlin and was left waiting, while orders to invade were already given. During the meeting with Adolf Hitler, Hácha was threatened with the bombing of Prague if he refused to order Czech troops to lay down their arms. This induced a heart attack, from which he was revived by an injection from Hitler's doctor. He then agreed to sign the communique accepting the German occupation of the remainder of Bohemia and Moravia \"which in its unctuous mendacity was remarkable even for the Nazis\". Churchill's prediction was fulfilled as German armies entered Prague and proceeded to occupy the rest of the country, which was transformed into a protectorate of the Reich.", "Czechoslovakian President Emil Hï¿½cha suspended Jozef Tiso's Slovakian government and placed Slovakia under martial law. ww2dbase [ Main Article \| CPC]", "During the night of August 20-21, the armies of five Warsaw Pact nations invaded and occupied Czechoslovakia. The KSC Presidium issued a statement over Prague radio condemning the invasion and appealing to the people to remain calm and the army not to resist. No armed resistance was forthcoming. Instead, outrage at the massive invasion was expressed nonviolently: road signs were altered and removed to slow the oncoming invaders; radio transmitters were repeatedly moved to elude takeover; and foreign soldiers were refused service in stores and restaurants and were engaged in heated arguments with Czechoslovak citizens from whom they vainly sought cooperation.", " Alexander Dubcek, 46, leader of Czechoslovakia, is forced to abandon his liberal reforms as 650'000 Warsaw Pact troops invade his nation just before midnight. Dubcek's efforts to establish \"communism with a human face\" had been celebrated across the country, and the brief period of freedom was known as the \"Prague Spring.\" When the Soviet invasion came, Prague was not eager to give way, but scattered student resistance was no match for the Soviet tanks. Dubcek's reforms were repealed and the leader himself was replaced with the staunchly pro-Soviet Gustav Husak, 55, who reestablished an authoritarian Communist regime in the country.", "The assassination of Heydrich was one of the most significant moments of the resistance in Czechoslovakia . The act led to the immediate dissolution of the Munich Agreement (called the “Munich diktat” by the Czechs) signed by the United Kingdom, France, and Germany’s ally Italy. The UK and France agreed that, after the Nazis were defeated, the annexed territory ( Sudetenland ) would be restored to Czechoslovakia.", "Given the former communist emphasis on public goods, Slovakia inherited an extensive network of public transportation, in the form of bus and train routes, from Czechoslovakia. Even some of the most remote locations may be reached by bus. One of the most significant changes of the post-communist era has been an increase in independent auto ownership. There are 17,710 kilometers (11,005 miles) of highways, including 288 kilometers (179 miles) of expressway, with only 177 kilometers (110 miles) remaining unpaved. A large-scale improvement is planned for the highway system with a cross-country expressway slated for construction. Continued improvements are planned for the railway system in order to bring it more in line with EU standards. The country now has 3,660 kilometers (2,274 miles) of railways." ]	[ 7.7890625, -0.51220703125, -0.51416015625, -0.85888671875, -1.32421875, -2.025390625, -2.36328125, -2.767578125, -2.939453125, -2.9453125, -3.03515625, -3.056640625, -3.125, -3.234375, -3.34765625, -3.36328125, -3.43359375, -3.556640625, -3.619140625, -3.69921875, -3.712890625, -3.76171875, -4.2421875, -5.5546875, -5.6484375, -5.828125, -6.03515625, -7.4375, -7.71484375, -7.984375, -8.0703125, -8.3125 ]
Which African country has the highest population?	[ "Most populated country in Africa - Nigeria is the most populated country in Africa with an estimated population of 125 - 145 million people. (Population statistics are politically loaded and that's why these numbers vary so much). Egypt is second with over 76 million people.", "The largest country in Africa is Algeria, the smallest is the Seychelles. The most populated country is Nigeria.", "Demography. Nigeria has the largest population of any African country. In July 2000, Nigeria's population was estimated at more than 123 million people. At about 345 people per square mile, it is also the most densely populated country in Africa. Nearly one in six Africans is a Nigerian. Despite the rampages of AIDS, Nigeria's population continues to grow at about 2.6 percent each year. The Nigerian population is very young. Nearly 45 percent of its people are under age fourteen.", "Southern Africa also has flourishing populations, with Zambia containing the biggest population, 40,000, of any country in Africa. Others with large numbers include Mozambique (16,000–20,500), Malawi (10,000), Zimbabwe (6,900) and South Africa (5,000). The total in the whole of the region may be around 80,000.", "Democratic Republic of the Congo (French: République démocratique du Congo), sometimes referred to as DR Congo, Congo-Kinshasa or the DRC, is a country located in central Africa. It is the second largest country in Africa by area and the eleventh largest in the world. With a population of over 75 million,[1] the Democratic Republic of the Congo is the nineteenth most populous nation in the world, the fourth most populous nation in Africa, as well as the most populous officially Francophone country.", "14. A country surrounded by Germany, Italy and Hungary (among others), but it’s not at war! 15. This country NW of Cameroon has Africa’s largest population.", "4) Africa is also the second most populous continent on Earth, with about 1.1 billion people. Africa's population is growing faster than Asia's population but Africa will not catch up to Asia's population in the foreseeable future. For example of Africa's growth, Nigeria, currently the world's seventh most populous country on Earth , is expected to become the fourth most populous country by 2050 . Africa is expected to grow to 2.3 billion people by 2050. Nine of the ten highest total fertility rates on Earth are African countries, with Niger topping the list (7.1 births per woman as of 2012.) 5) In addition to its high population growth rate, Africa also has the world's lowest life expectancies. According to the World Population Data Sheet , the average life expectancy for citizens of Africa is 58 (59 years for males and 59 years for females.) Africa is home to the world's highest rates of HIV/AIDS - 4.7% of females and 3.0% of males are infected.", "At 445 PD/km2, Rwanda's population density is amongst the highest in Africa. Historians such as Gérard Prunier believe that the 1994 genocide can be partly attributed to the population density. The population is predominantly rural, with a few large towns; dwellings are evenly spread throughout the country. The only sparsely populated area of the country is the savanna land in the former province of Umutara and Akagera National Park in the east. Kigali is the largest city, with a population of around one million. Its rapidly increasing population challenges its infrastructural development. According to the 2012 census, the second largest city is Gisenyi, which lies adjacent to Lake Kivu and the Congolese city of Goma, and has a population of 126,000. Other major towns include Ruhengeri, Butare, and Gitarama, all with populations below 100,000. The urban population rose from 6% of the population in 1990, to 16.6% in 2006; by 2011, however, the proportion had dropped slightly, to 14.8%.", "With over 90 million inhabitants, Egypt is the most populous country in North Africa and the Arab world, the third-most populous in Africa (after Nigeria and Ethiopia), and the fifteenth-most populous in the world. The great majority of its people live near the banks of the Nile River, an area of about 40000 km2, where the only arable land is found. The large regions of the Sahara desert, which constitute most of Egypt's territory, are sparsely inhabited. About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta.", "Before the 1880s, Europeans were, except in South Africa, largely confined to the coastal regions. by the end of the 19th century, the whole continent, except for Liberia and Ethiopia , was under foreign domination either by European powers, or (in the n) by the Ottoman Empire . Starting in the 1950s, the colonies secured their independence within the space of 40 years, but this process of rapid decolonization brought unrest and instability to much of Africa. A major cause of unrest was (and continues to be) the artificial boundaries created by colonialism . Lasting democracy proved difficult to achieve in many countries and military rule is prevalent. Area: c.30 million sq km (11.7 million sq mi) Highest mountain Kilimanjaro ( Tanzania ) 5895m (19,340ft) Longest river Nile 6670km (4140mi) Population 812 million Largest cities Lagos (8,029,200); Cairo (6,789,489); Kinshasa (4,655,313); Alexandria (3,328,196); Casablanca (2,940,623); Algiers (2,561,992) See also articles on individual countries", "Africa is the world’s second-largest and second-most-populous continent . At about 30.2 million km2 (11.7 million sq mi) including adjacent islands, it covers six percent of Earth ‘s total surface area and 20.4 percent of its total land area. [2] With 1.1 billion people as of 2013, it accounts for about 15% of the world’s human population. [3] The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos . It has 54 fully recognized sovereign states (“ countries “), nine territories and two de facto independent states with limited or no recognition . [4]", "Other nearby island countries and territories include Zanzibar to the west, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Agaléga and Réunion to the south, and Comoros and Mayotte to the southwest. Seychelles, with an estimated population of 86,000, has the smallest population of any African state. It has the highest Human Development Index in Africa and the highest income inequality in the world, as measured by the Gini index. Seychelles is a member of the African Union.", "Kenya (;), officially the Republic of Kenya, is a country in Africa and a founding member of the East African Community (EAC). Its capital and largest city is Nairobi. Kenya's territory lies on the equator and overlies the East African Rift covering a diverse and expansive terrain that extends roughly from Lake Victoria to Lake Turkana (formerly called Lake Rudolf) and further south-east to the Indian Ocean. It is bordered by Tanzania to the south, Uganda to the west, South Sudan to the north-west, Ethiopia to the north and Somalia to the north-east. Kenya covers , and had a population of approximately 45 million people in July 2014.", "Burkina Faso also known by its short-form name Burkina – is a landlocked country in west Africa. It is surrounded by six countries: Mali to the north, Niger to the east, Benin to the southeast, Togo and Ghana to the south, and Côte d'Ivoire to the southwest. The country's capital is Ouagadougou. Its size is 274,200 square kilometres (105,900 sq mi) with an estimated population of more than 15,757,000. Formerly called the Republic of Upper Volta, it was renamedon 4 August 1984, by President Thomas Sankara, to mean \"the land of upright people\" in Mòoré and Dioula, the major native languages of the country. Figuratively, \"Burkina\" may be translated, \"men of integrity\", from the Mòoré language, and \"Faso\" means \"fatherland\" in Dioula. The inhabitants of Burkina Faso are known as Burkinabè. Burkina Faso was populated between 14,000 and 5000 BC by hunter-gatherers in the country's northwestern region. Farm settlements appeared between 3600 and 2600 BC. What is now central Burkina Faso was principally composed of Mossi kingdoms. These Mossi Kingdoms would become a French protectorate in 1896. After gaining independence from France in 1960, the country underwent many governmental changes until arriving at its current form, a semi-presidential republic. The president is Blaise Compaoré. It is a member of the African Union, Community of Sahel-Saharan States, La Francophonie, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and Economic Community of West African States.", "Most populated city in Africa - Cairo in Egypt is Africa's most populated city with an estimated 17 million residents living in the metropolitan area.", "Afrikaans Suid-Afrika, officially Republic of South Africa, republic (2011 pop. 51,770,560), 471,359 sq mi (1,220,813 sq km), S Africa. It borders on the Atlantic Ocean in the west, on Namibia in the northwest, on Botswana and Zimbabwe in the north, on Mozambique and Swaziland in the northeast, and on the Indian Ocean in the east and south. Lesotho is an independent enclave in the east. The largest city is Johannesburg Johannesburg", "The Democratic Republic of the Congo ( French : République démocratique du Congo) is a state located in Central Africa . It is the second largest country in Africa by area and the eleventh largest in the world. With a population of over 71 million, the Democratic Republic of the Congo is the eighteenth most populous nation in the world, and the fourth most populous nation in Africa, as well as the most populous officially Francophone country .", "Namibia (,), officially the Republic of Namibia (German: ; ), is a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east. Although it does not border Zimbabwe, a part of less than 200 metres of the Zambezi River (essentially a small bulge in Botswana to achieve a Botswana/Zambia micro-border) separates it from that country. Namibia gained independence from South Africa on 21 March 1990, following the Namibian War of Independence. Its capital and largest city is Windhoek, and it is a member state of the United Nations (UN), the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union (AU), and the Commonwealth of Nations.", ") retain it. South Africa, which is probably the most developed African nation, and which has been a democracy since 1994, does not have the death penalty. This fact is currently quite controversial in that country, due to the high levels of violent crime, including murder and rape.", "The most populated city in Africa is the Egyptian capital of Cairo with an estimated 17 million residents in the metropolitan area.g", "Morocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the most western of the North African countries with an alternative Arabic name that translates to \"The Western Kingdom.\" The country has an area of 710,850 square kilometers (274,460 square miles) with an estimated 2014 population of 33,063,250, up from 2013's estimate of 32,649,130.", "Burundi (pronounced [buˈɾundi] ), officially the Republic of Burundi, is a small landlocked country in the Great Lakes region of Eastern Africa bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. Its size is just under 28,000 km² with an estimated population of almost 8,700,000. Its capital is Bujumbura . Although the country is landlocked , much of the southwestern border is adjacent to Lake Tanganyika .", "The Comoros (; , '), officially the Union of the Comoros (Comorian: Udzima wa Komori, , '), is a sovereign archipelago island nation in the Indian Ocean located at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel off the eastern coast of Africa between northeastern Mozambique and northwestern Madagascar. Other countries near the Comoros are Tanzania to the northwest and the Seychelles to the northeast. Its capital is Moroni, on Grande Comore.", "Kinshasa is the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and is also the largest city in the country in terms of population. It is the 3rd largest urban area or biggest city in Africa after Cairo and is the 2nd largest French-speaking urban area in the world after Paris. It has a total population of approximately 9.05 million people.", "Here is a brief overview of the top 10 most populous countries in Africa as of 2014.", "Street vendors on Carter Bridge in Lagos. The Nigerian city is predicted to become the largest city in Africa by 2015, with 12.4 million inhabitants compared with Cairo's 11 million. Photograph: Pius Utomi Ekpei/AFP/Getty Images", "And they share a border in Africa. They’re even close in population (around 14 million) so that they currently rank #71 and #72 on this country population list .", "The Fula people or Fulani or Fulɓe (; ; ; ; ; ), numbering approximately 20 million people in total, are one of the most widely dispersed and culturally diverse of the peoples of Africa. The Fulani are bound together by the Fula language as well as by some basic cultural elements such as the pulaaku, a code of conduct common to all Fulani groups.", "As their economies and population grow, urbanisation in Africa is growing at a faster pace compared to other continents.", "What is the most populous capital city in Africa? What African capital city has the largest land area?", " Mostly rural for centuries, Africa has rapidly become more urbanized. Although it is still the least urbanized of the continents, Africa has one of the fastest rates of urbanization. Thus, the total population living in towns—which was only about one-seventh in 1950—grew to about one-third by 1990 and was approaching two-fifths in the year 2000. Generally, the level of urbanization is highest in the north and south, and it is higher in the west than in the east and nearer the coasts than in the interior.", "Our generation is experiencing the most profound demographic transition ever and Africa is at the center of it." ]	[ 5.0390625, 4.96484375, 4.80078125, 4.00390625, 2.943359375, 2.4140625, 2.263671875, 1.9541015625, 1.16796875, 0.84619140625, 0.4853515625, -0.00725555419921875, -0.328857421875, -0.32958984375, -0.37890625, -0.436279296875, -0.76904296875, -0.95556640625, -1.11328125, -1.138671875, -1.375, -1.873046875, -1.912109375, -2.24609375, -2.369140625, -2.6484375, -4.62109375, -6.546875, -6.953125, -7.22265625, -7.46875, -7.7109375 ]
As in the famous song Girl From Ipanema, in which country is Ipanema?	[ "Ipanema is an old neighbourhood located in the southern region of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. Sandwiched between the districts of Arpoador and Leblon, Ipanema is perhaps best known for its stunning beach, as well as providing the inspiration for the song ‘Girl from Ipanema’. The beach is far more than somewhere to relax and sunbathe – although both are popular. It is a place to meet, party, people-watch, enjoy water sports and absorb the famous Brazilian party atmosphere. You can stay right in the heart of this invigorating area by renting a holiday apartment in Ipanema.", "Ipanema is an affluent neighbourhood located in the South Zone of the city of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), between Leblon and Arpoador. The beach at Ipanema became widely known by the song \"The Girl from Ipanema\" (\"Garota de Ipanema\"), written by Antônio Carlos Jobim and Vinícius de Moraes.", "The song was originally composed for a musical comedy by lyricist Vinicius de Moraes and musician Antonio Carlos Jobim in 1962. The song's initial title was \"The Girl Who Passes By\", inspired by a fifteen-year-old girl living in the fashionable Ipanema district of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Each day the two musically talented friends would sit and watch from the Veloso Bar as the 5' 8\", gimlet-eyed brunette, would enter the bar to buy cigarettes for her mother. Moraes and Jobim were not the only two watching the exceedingly attractive young lady, as she was already the object of desire for many other Veloso patrons. The girl's name was Heloisa Eneida Menezes Paes Pinto, now simply known as Helo Pinheiro. Today, the green-eyed blonde with a deep tan is 61 or 62, but continues to turn heads, having the looks of a Swedish model or movie star. As Jobim is said to have once stated, \"She was a creature of God\". Having such great beauty, it is no wonder that Jobim even wrote the text that accompanied nude photos of her that Brazilian Playboy ran in 1987 under the title \"The Girl From Ipanema\".", "TRAVEL GEOQUIZ -- You might run into the original girl from Ipanema in this city, whose name means \"river of January.\" Where are you? Answer: Rio de Janiero, Brazil Photo by Corbis (royalty-free)", "Inspired by the neighbourhood of Ipanema, Rio de Janeiro - the beach capital of Brazil, our footwear is designed with comfort and style in harmony. For summer 2016, the women’s collection exudes feminine glamour keeping the Ipanema woman one step ahead.", "Whatever happened in Rio, Americans latched onto Brazil's 'New Beat'. In 1962, there was a concert at New York's Carnegie Hall and the Bossa Nova craze had arrived. In 1964, American Stan Getz recorded 'The Girl from Ipanema' with Joï¿½o Gilberto and his wife Astrud on vocals, along with Tom Jobim, the song's co-composer, on piano.", "\"Garota de Ipanema\" (\"The Girl from Ipanema\") is a Brazilian bossa nova jazz song. It was a worldwide hit in the mid-1960s and won a Grammy for Record of the Year in 1965. It was written in 1962, with music by Antônio Carlos Jobim and Portuguese lyrics by Vinicius de Moraes. English lyrics were written later by Norman Gimbel. ", "Ironically, \"Girl From Ipanema,\" the bossa nova record by João Gilberto and Stan Getz , and sung by Gilberto's wife Astrud, was something of a flop when it first hit the Brazilian airwaves. But when it was released outside the country it became a worldwide hit, winning the Grammy for Record of the Year in 1964. It has been credited with doing more for Rio's tourism than all of the advertising campaigns strung together.", "'The Girl from Ipanema,' the song that introduced Rio de Janeiro to the world, turns 50", "\"The Girl From Ipanema\" is a good example of the powerful appeal that simple things have in life. The story of this song starts in the 1960s. Back then, Tom Jobim and Vinicius de Moraes used to hang out in a small bar located in the beach of Ipanema, Rio de Janeiro. The two artists, who used to spend their afternoons with a nice glass of whisky, never missed the opportunity to admire the beautiful girls of the area.", "The first song on the album The Girl from Ipanema, was sung by Joï¿½o and his wife Astrud Gilberto (seen on the right), making her professional debut. The song won a Grammy, and is today one of the most recognizable Bossa Nova songs anywhere.", "Brazilian Astrud Gilberto, best known for \"The Girl from Ipanema,\" has recorded 16 albums, and performed with such artists as João Gilberto, Stan Getz and George Michael.", "Heloísa Eneida Menezes Paes Pinto, the girl from Ipanema when she's not swinging so cool and swaying so gently", "This Brazilian musical style, which means \"New Trend\", had its origins in the upscale neighbourhoods of Rio de Janeiro. Immensely popular in the early 1960s, it was a fusion of samba and cool jazz. Antonio Carlos Jobim, João Gilberto, and Astrud Gilberto became the best known artists of the Bossa Nova movement. The latter's The Girl From Ipanema, released in 1964, became the first Bossa Nova song to achieve international acclaim. In 1965, it won a Grammy Award for Best Record of the Year.", "In 1894 Vila Ipanema was founded, with 19 streets and 2 parks. The neighborhood started to grow faster with the arrival of streetcars in 1902. Ipanema became a household name in the 1950's and 60's - it is the birthplace of Bossa Nova. The whole world learned about it with hit song The Girl from Ipanema by Antonio Carlos Jobim and Vinícius de Morais, both Ipanema residents.", "Highly successful in the 1960's for bosa nova hits, merging jazz with Brazilian music. \"Girl from Ipanema\"", "The girl was Helô - Heloísa Eneida Menezes Paes Pinto, who lived on the Rua Montenegro in Ipanema, in southern Rio. Tall and tan and young and lovely and emerald-eyed and wavy-haired, the girl from Ipanema came walking past the Veloso bar every day, and the patrons sighed. And sometimes she even came into the bar and bought a pack of cigarettes for her mother. And, when she exited, she was swinging so cool and swaying so gentle that the barflies would wolf-whistle ...but it sounds better if you say they were \"Ah\"-ing and \"Oh\"-ing. Helô was 19 years old and beautiful - \"\"the paradigm of the young Carioca,\" as Vinícius de Moraes would later write of her, \"a golden teenage girl, a mixture of flower and mermaid, full of light and grace, the sight of whom is also sad, in that she carries with her, on her route to the sea, the feeling of youth that fades, of the beauty that is not ours alone - it is a gift of life in its beautiful and melancholic constant ebb and flow\":", "Ipanema, [33] . M 20:00-01:00. It is the most modern neighborhood of Rio beach since 1964, when Morales Vinicius wrote The Girl From Ipanema about a beautiful woman he saw on the beach. The beautiful people still frequenting the stylish bars and clubs ipanema. edit", "“The Girl From Ipanema” went on to become the second-most recorded popular song in history, behind “Yesterday.” Covered by an A-Z gamut of performers, it’s become the ultimate cliché of elevator music—shorthand for the entire lounge revival of the ’90s.", "To have one great and famous beach in the middle of a metropolitan city is rare, to have two of them have to be unique. Copacabana is lined with a long walkway with a pattern of black and white inspired by the two waters of Amazon outside Manaus. And the nice beach of soft sand attracts lots of visitors every sunny day of the year. A short walk from the end of Copacabana takes you to the next one; Ipanema. The well known beach, perhaps partly made famous by the song \"Girl of Ipanema\", is a perfect match with it's long stretch of white sand all the way to the iconic twin peak cliffs in the distance.", "Opera, as it had been presented and performed in the land of Carnival and samba, was in danger of going the way of the dinosaur. It was gradually being pushed aside to make way for the seductive young charms of the sensuous new kid on the block, the statuesque “Girl from Ipanema.”", "'Young and lovely': The girl from Ipanema's was 17-year-old when she passed the bar where the songwriters spent long hours nursing their drinks and they were entranced with her glowing skin and long dark hair", "In Revelação: a verdadeira Garota de Ipanema (Revealed: The Real Girl from Ipanema) Moraes wrote that she was \"the paradigm of the young Carioca: a golden teenage girl, a mixture of flower and mermaid, full of light and grace, the sight of whom is also sad, in that she carries with her, on her route to the sea, the feeling of youth that fades, of the beauty that is not ours alone—it is a gift of life in its beautiful and melancholic constant ebb and flow.\"", "It was 1962 and they were just off the beach at Ipanema, in the Veloso bar: a musician-composer called Antonio Carlos Jobim, a poet-librettist called Vinícius de Moraes, working on a musical called Dirigível - or, in English, Blimp, which sounds oddly Lionel Bartish as a show title. It was about a space alien who lands in Rio during Carnaval. And they were stalled, as who wouldn't be? So they ordered another round of Brahma beers. And then the girl came walking, and they sat and marveled as she passed by, and, when she was gone, they turned back to the bar and wrote a song called \"Menina que passa\" - \"The Girl Who Passes\":", "Copacabana in the South Zone attracts tourists, lower-class bathers, and even prostitutes. Ipanema is popular with the middle classes, intellectuals, artists, journalists, and celebrities. Surfers and hang-gliders gathered at the beaches in Recreio and Barra until the 1980s when they were taken over by the nouveau riche and favela residents.", "Her name was Heloï¿½sa Eneida Menezes Paes Pinto (today Helï¿½ Pinheiro). She lived on Ipanema's Montenegro Street. Today, Montenegro Street is called Vinicius de Moraes Street, and the Veloso Bar has been named A Garota de Ipanema.", "The beach at Ipanema is known for its elegant development and its social life. Two mountains called the Dois Irmãos (Two Brothers) rise at the western end of the beach, which is divided into segments delineated by postos, or lifeguard towers. Beer is sold everywhere, along with the traditional cachaça. There are always circles of people playing football, volleyball, and footvolley, a locally invented sport that is a combination of volleyball and football.", "Moraes and Jobim patronized the Veloso Cafe in Ipanema. Sitting at the cafe, they frequently saw a slender, stunning, fifteen-year-old girl pass by - much to the delight of the cafe's patrons who expressed their admiration of her beauty with sighs and whistles.", "On August 2, 1962, \"Garota De Ipanema\" was played for the first time in a small night club of Copacabana. For 40 nights, Tom Jobim, Vinicius de Moraes and a talented guitarist named Joao Gilberto played the song for the crowd. People loved it from the very beginning. Besides \"Garota De Ipanema,\" during that gig the legendary trio introduced other famous Bossa Nova songs including tracks like \"Samba Do Aviao\" and \"So Danco Samba\".", "On March 1963, Tom Jobim joined American Jazz saxophonist Stan Getz, Joao Gilberto and Astrud Gilberto to record the first English version of \"Garota De Ipanema\" for the album Getz/Gilberto . Soon after the release of this production, the song became a worldwide hit.", "Ipanema Beach – The beach, with a long stretch of sand, displays diverse subcultures. It’s a favorite hangout for artists and intellectuals alike.", "The next state, Pernambuco, is a major sugar producer. Its capital, Recife, can seem untidy but is good for nightlife and frevo music, which derives its name from the way brass bands \"boil\" a rhythm into a frenzy. When Recife was a fishing village, power in this region was settled in nearby Olinda, where the colonial sector is now a United Nations' World Heritage Site." ]	[ 6.0234375, 5.34375, 3.767578125, 2.025390625, 1.810546875, 0.52734375, 0.26611328125, -1.4091796875, -1.8125, -2.08203125, -2.970703125, -3.05859375, -3.27734375, -3.7734375, -3.822265625, -4.23828125, -4.3515625, -4.359375, -4.37109375, -4.515625, -5.01171875, -5.7109375, -5.7734375, -6.3984375, -7.1328125, -7.18359375, -7.2265625, -7.48046875, -7.88671875, -7.90234375, -8.34375, -10.09375 ]
What is name of the strait that divides New Zealand into Northern and Southern parts?	[ "New Zealand is a country made up of two major islands, simply called the North and South Islands which are separated by the Cook Strait which is 22 kilometres/14 miles in width at its narrowest point. They contrast in not only terrain and physical features but also in character and attractions. ", "New Zealand lies in the southwestern Pacific Ocean and consists of two main islands and a number of smaller ones. The main North and South Islands, separated by the Cook Strait, lie on an axis running from northeast to southwest, except for the low-lying Northland Peninsula on the North Island. With a total area of 268,680 square kilometers (103,737 square miles), New Zealand is roughly the size of the state of Colorado.", "New Zealand is located near the centre of the water hemisphere and is made up of two main islands and a number of smaller islands. The two main islands (the North Island, or Te Ika-a-Māui, and the South Island, or Te Waipounamu) are separated by the Cook Strait, 22 km wide at its narrowest point. Besides the North and South Islands, the five largest inhabited islands are Stewart Island, the Chatham Islands, Great Barrier Island (in the Hauraki Gulf), d'Urville Island (in the Marlborough Sounds) and Waiheke Island (about 22 km from central Auckland). The country's islands lie between latitudes 29° and 53°S, and longitudes 165° and 179°E.", "As you’ve probably figured out from looking at maps of New Zealand, most of the country is split into two big islands, literally named the North and South Islands. The body of water between the two islands is called Cook Strait. Cook Strait connects the Tasman Sea with the Pacific Ocean, and is located right next to Wellington, New Zealand’s capital. It’s known as one of the most dangerous and unpredictable bodies of water in the world, and is 22 kilometres wide at its narrowest point. It’s also famous for being one of the most beautiful ferry rides in the world, and is one of the highlights of a campervan rental holiday in New Zealand.", "Cook Strait lies between the North and South Islands of New Zealand. It connects the Tasman Sea on the northwest with the South Pacific Ocean on the southeast, and runs next to the capital city, Wellington. It is 22 km wide at its narrowest point, and is considered one of the most dangerous and unpredictable waters in the world. ", "Situated in the southwest of the Pacific Ocean, New Zealand is a multi-cultural land boasting a diverse range of landscapes and climatic conditions extending throughout the North and South Islands, while Foveaux Strait separates Stewart Island from the bottom of the South Island.", "Wellington is at the south-western tip of the North Island on Cook Strait, separating the North and South Islands. On a clear day the snowcapped Kaikoura Ranges are visible to the south across the strait. To the north stretch the golden beaches of the Kapiti Coast. On the east the Rimutaka Range divides Wellington from the broad plains of the Wairarapa, a wine region of national notability. With a latitude of 41° 17' South, Wellington is the southernmost capital city in the world. It is also the most remote capital city, the farthest away from any other capital. It is more densely populated than most other cities in New Zealand due to the restricted amount of land that is available between its harbour and the surrounding hills. It has very few open areas in which to expand, and this has brought about the development of the suburban towns. Because of its location in the Roaring Forties and its exposure to the winds blowing through Cook Strait, Wellington is known as \"Windy Wellington\". It is often called the world's windiest city, with an average wind speed of 27 km/h. ", "Destination New Zealand, a virtual guide to Aotearoa, the Land of the Long White Cloud. New Zealand (NZ) is an island country in the South Pacific Ocean located about 2000 km (1,300 mi) south east of Australia . The island-nation consists of some smaller islands and two main islands, the North Island (Te-Ika-a-Maui), and the South Island (Te Wai Pounamu) which are separated by the Cook Strait. New Zealand shares maritime borders with Australia, and the island nations of Fiji , and Tonga .", "New Zealand includes two large islands, North Island and South Island, with many smaller islands. North Island and South Island are separated by Cook Strait .This page describes lighthouses of South Island and nearby smaller islands. South Island is the larger of the two main islands, but because of its rugged topography it has a much smaller population.", "New Zealand is situated about 1,600 km (1,000 mi) southeast of Australia and is made up of two large islands - North Island and South Island. Cook Strait, a channel between the South Pacific Ocean on the east and the Tasman Sea on the west separates these islands.", "Launched in January 2003, the Bluebridge service operated by Strait Shipping, is a passenger, car and freight ferry service crossing Cook Strait - a stretch of water that separates the North and South Islands of New Zealand, from Wellington in the North Island and Picton in the South Island", "South Island island, the larger and southernmost of the two principal islands of New Zealand, in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. South Island is separated from North Island to the north by Cook Strait and from Stewart Island to the south by Foveaux Strait. Mountainous...", "Stewart Island, home to New Zealand's newest national park, Rakiura, is the third largest and most southerly of New Zealand's main islands, separated from the South Island by the 30-km (19-mile) Foveaux Strait. Its original Māori name, Te Punga O Te Waka a Maui, means \"the anchor stone of Maui's canoe.\" Māori mythology says the island's landmass held the god Maui's canoe secure while he and his crew raised the great fish—the North Island. Today the island is more commonly referred to by its other Māori name, Rakiura, which means \"the land of the glowing skies.\" This refers to the spectacular sunrises and sunsets and to the southern lights, or aurora australis. The European name of Stewart Island dates back to 1809. It memorializes an officer William W. Stewart on an early sealing vessel, the Pegasus, who was the first to chart the island.", "Wellington , New Zealand, which is located at the southern tip of the North Island of New Zealand, the more populous island, immediately across the Cook Strait from the South Island . The capital city was moved there from Auckland , which is much further north in the North Island, after a long argument for a more central location for parliament.", "New Zealand's Alps are more than three hundred miles long, but their name applies more particularly to their highest portion, in the west central part of the South Island. The loftiest peaks are in the vicinity of Mount Cook (12,349 feet), the \"Aorangi the Cloud Piercer\" of the Maoris, more than two hundred and fifty miles from Cook Strait, the northern terminal of the chain. Until, as geologists believe, the chain was submerged by sinking, it evidently extended to the North Island. It is equally probable that this subsidence disconnected the main divide of the North Island, and that the high Kaikouras, in the northeastern part of the South Island, were a part of this divide.", "North Island island, the smaller of the two principal islands of New Zealand in the South Pacific Ocean. It is separated from South Island by Cook Strait. The island’s terrain rises to a central mountain range (a continuation of the South Island range), which parallels...", "Sooner or later everyone traveling New Zealand boards a ferry to cross Cook Strait some with positive anticipation and others with deep trepidation. After several years we basically take it in stride and look upon it as an enjoyable part of our journey.", "After claiming possession, Tasman moved his ships on, following the east coast of Tasmania . When the shore fell away to the northwest (Bass Strait) the weather was rough and coming in directly from the north. It was at this point Tasman decided to quit this island and continue east, sailing on to the south island of New Zealand.", "Significantly less is known about North Island paleofaunas, due to a paucity of fossil sites compared to the South Island; however, the basic pattern of moa-habitat relationships was the same. [10] Although the South Island and the North Island shared some moa species (Euryapteryx gravis, Anomalopteryx didiformis), most were exclusive to one island, reflecting divergence over several thousand years since lower sea level had resulted in a land bridge across Cook Strait . In the North Island, Dinornis novaezealandiae and Anomalopteryx didiformis dominated in high rainfall forest habitat; a similar pattern to the South Island. The other moa species present in the North Island (Euryapteryx gravis, E. curtus, and Pachyornis geranoides) tended to inhabit drier forest and shrubland habitats. P. geranoides occurred throughout the North Island, while the distributions of E. gravis and E. curtus were almost mutually exclusive, the former having only been found in coastal sites around the southern half of the North Island. [10]", "When Dutch explorer Abel Tasman first saw New Zealand in 1642, he thought Cook Strait was a bight closed to the east. He named it Zeehaen's Bight, after the Zeehaen, one of the two ships in his expedition. In 1769 James Cook established that it was a strait, which formed a navigable waterway.", "New Zealand is a group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean situated south-east of the Australian continent across the Tasman Sea. The country contains two major islands (named the South and the North), which are the 12th and 14th largest islands in the world, as well as the much smaller island of Kermadec to the north, Tokelau to the north-east and Stewart Island in the far south. New Zealand is located in the mid-latitudes and extends for 1600 kilometres between 34 degrees and 47 degrees south latitude. With an area of 270 000 square kilometres, it is one-thirtieth the size of Australia. New Zealand was initially governed as a dependency of New South Wales before it separated as a colony in the 19th century. The capital city is Wellington but its largest metropolis is Auckland, located at the base of the Northland peninsula on an isthmus that comprises its narrowest neck of land. It has become New Zealand's largest city with urban sprawl that is expanding, particularly toward the south. See image 4", "In the early part of New Zealand's history, during the Cambrian and succeeding Ordovician and Silurian periods (500 to 410 million years ago), the edge of Gondwana occupied by New Zealand, New Caledonia and Australia projected northwards into the Northern Hemisphere, lying in latitudes 45 degrees north to the Cambrian and 30 degrees north in the Ordovician and the Siberian. The northward orientation of Gondwana brought new Zealand and Australia into contact with China, Southeast Asia and Kazakhstan so that new Zealand and Australia shared with these countries a number of coastal marine animals and their close relatives. Such coastal links gradually faded, however, as Gondwana began to swing to the south, bringing Australia and New Zealand into the Southern Hemisphere, Southeast Asia, China and Kazakhstan moved in a north-wards direction towards their present geographic position. Thus by the Devonian period 410 to 350 million years ago, new Zealand, while still retaining strong coastal links with Australia, also developed marine links to southern South America, via Antarctica - reflecting the gradual southward shaft of this part of Gondwana. ", "The final section runs along the South Coast, with the Cook Strait on your left and hill country to your right. On a clear day, the snow-capped peaks of the South Island’s Kaikoura Ranges are visible across the water.", "In New Zealand, ferries connect Wellington in the North Island with Picton in the South Island, linking New Zealand's two main islands. The 92 km route takes three hours, and is run by two companies – government-owned Interislander, and independent Bluebridge.", "The mountainous country of both islands is cut by many rivers, which are swift, unnavigable, and obstructive to communication. The longest is the Waikato, in the North Island, and the swiftest is the Clutha, in the South. Many of the rivers arise from or drain into one or other of the numerous lakes associated with the mountain chains. A number of these lakes have been used as reservoirs for...", "51. Inlet, South Pacific Ocean, on the northeastern coast of North Island, New Zealand. The bay was formed when the sea flooded an old river valley system. It has a 500-mi (800-km) shoreline and about 150 islands. It opens to the ocean through a passage between Brett Cape and Wiwiki Cape. The first European to enter the bay was Capt. James Cook in 1769. The bay was the site of the 1840 signing of the Treaty of Waitangi between Britain and native Maori. It is now a popular resort area.", "The rim is continuous along the windward, northeastern side, but the continuity of the southwestern, leeward side is interrupted by two passages. The northern passage – Tatiman Passage – is a semi-navigable channel, while the southern passage – Baureke – is a usually non-navigable overflow/overwash channel.", "About forty miles northeast of Nelson is the remarkable French Pass, navigated by steamers running between Nelson and Wellington. This narrow, picturesque channel lies between the mainland of the South Island", "The west (South Island) coast runs 30 km along Cloudy Bay and past the islands and entrances to the Marlborough Sounds. The east (North Island) coast runs 40 km along Palliser Bay, crosses the entrance to Wellington harbour, past some Wellington suburbs and continues another 15 km to Makara beach.", "* The town of Mount Maunganui is situated on a tombolo isthmus connecting the volcanic cone of Mount Maunganui/Mauao with the North Island mainland", "(Placename) a channel between mainland Australia and Tasmania, linking the Indian Ocean and the Tasman Sea", "At Spirits Bay in Northland, Cape Reinga (the far north of the North Island), an old pohutukawa is said to be where spirits leave on their journey through the underworld after death. On the west coast of the North Island, a pohutukawa in Kawhia Harbour is said to be the tree the Tainui canoe tied up to after its voyage across the Pacific 1000 years ago." ]	[ 6.63671875, 5.84765625, 5.796875, 5.36328125, 4.7109375, 4.61328125, 4.36328125, 4.25390625, 4.1875, 4.09375, 3.89453125, 3.01953125, 2.537109375, 2.478515625, 2.4375, 2.421875, 1.47265625, 0.72021484375, 0.7060546875, -0.134521484375, -0.7509765625, -0.94287109375, -0.9677734375, -2.306640625, -4.36328125, -4.58203125, -4.7734375, -5.29296875, -5.484375, -6.98046875, -7.8671875, -8.0234375 ]
In which Indian city would you find the Taj Mahal?	[ "The Taj Mahal (, more often; Persian for Crown of Palaces ) is an ivory-white marble mausoleum on the south bank of the Yamuna river in the Indian city of Agra. It was commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan (reigned 1628–1658), to house the tomb of his favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal. The tomb is the centrepiece of a 42-acre complex, which includes a mosque and a guest house, and is set in formal gardens bounded on three sides by a crenellated wall.", "The Taj Mahal (/ˈtɑːdʒ məˈhɑːl/ often /ˈtɑːʒ/;, from Persian and Arabic , \"crown of palaces\", pronounced [ˈt̪aːdʒ mɛˈɦɛl]; also \"the Taj\") is a white marble mausoleum located in Agra , Uttar Pradesh , India . It was built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal . The Taj Mahal is widely recognized as \"the jewel of Muslim art \" in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world 's heritage . It is one of the New Seven Wonders of the World . Taj Mahal’s central dome is approximately equal to a skyscraper of 25 stories.", "In the North Indian city Agra, you’ll find the world’s most beautiful building, the Taj Mahal. It’s the symbol of India, an architectural jewel. Build in the Indian most glorious period of history, during the Mogul empire.", "The Taj Mahal is a white Marble mausoleum located in Agra, India. It was built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal. The Taj Mahal is widely recognized as \"the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage.", "The Taj Mahal, a marble, palace-like mausoleum, is located in the country India. It is in the city of Agra in the state of Uttar Pradesh.", "The Taj Mahal is located in Agra city of India, in the Uttar Pradesh state. The Taj Mahal is situated upon the banks of the Yamuna River, overlooking Agra Fort. Agra’s Domestic Airport is connected to Indira Gandhi International Airport, Delhi. One can take a flight to Agra or choose to hire a cab to reach Agra. The Agra city is also connected via rest of the country with a fine network of railways. You need to check the availability of tickets at the Indian Railway website.", "The Taj Mahal , an 'epitome of love' is a mausoleum and was built in memory of Mumtaz Mahal, the beloved wife of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan. It is a fine example of Mughal Architecture, basically a mix of Ottoman, Persian, Indian and Islamic design. It took 22 years and nearly 10,000 workers to build this masterpiece. In 1983, it became a UNESCO World Heritage Site and in 2007 it was included in the list of New Seven Wonders of the World . Located in Agra on the banks of the river Yamuna, around 200 kilometres south of Delhi , this monument, built in pure white marble is visited every year, by around 2 million people from all over the world. It is believed that the Emperor's original plan was to build a white mausoleum for his wife, and a black version for himself, but his remains also ended up in the white version after his death.", "The Taj Mahal, located in Agra, India, is just one part of a vast complex that consists of a main gateway, an elaborate garden, a mosque, a guest house and several other magnificent buildings.", "The Taj Mahal is located in Agra , in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is located on the banks of the River Yamuna in Agra and is easily accessible by road.", "Visit the Taj Mahal, the “Crown of Palaces” in the historic city of Agra on a full-day tour from any part of India but there must be flight and from the departing city for Delhi.", "Along with the Angkor Wat Khmer Temple in Cambodia and the Kandariya Mahadeva Temple in Madhya Pradesh, the Taj Mahal in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, ranks among the most beautiful examples of religious art in the whole of Asia. A wonderful example of Mughal (Mogul) Islamic architecture , it is comparable to any of the great expressions of Gothic architecture or Renaissance architecture , to be seen in Europe. Situated on the south side of the River Yamuna, near Agra, it was built in the 17th century by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan (1592-1666) as a mausoleum and memorial for his favourite wife Mumtaz Mahal, who died in childbirth while accompanying the Shah on a military campaign. Designed by a committee of the greatest architects of the day, chaired by the Persian designer Ustad Ahmad Lahauri (1580-1649) and including Abd ul-Karim Ma'mur Khan and Makramat Khan, the Taj Mahal (known originally as \"rauza-i munawwara\", or illustrious tomb) took 22 years to build and is acknowledged to be the jewel of Islamic art in India. It was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983, and receives more than 3 million visitors a year. In a recent 100-million voter poll, it was voted one of the \"New Seven Wonders of the World \".", "It is in Agra , a city in India, which was part of the Mughal Empire in the seventeenth century. A Monument To Love, India's Taj Mahal is a beautiful example of a great building feat. With the exception of its gardens , it is exactly as it was designed in 1631.", "Browse Expedia’s selection and check out the best most popular hotels close to Taj Mahal for the world-class spas, sights, and restaurants sounds, or snatch up one of the cheap hotel deals near Taj Mahal, if you’re searching for an inexpensive eye opening retreat. You might even find some seasonal rates and discounts on the most highly rated accommodations right here on Expedia. Whether you’re jetting off for business work or are traveling for pleasure, scoring a cheap deal on Taj Mahal hotels in Agra provides an incredible opportunity to discover the city and it's landmarks and monuments with cash to spare.", "Most people who make the trip to Agra take the time to experience the Taj Mahal.", "Our guests arrive in Mumbai. Fast and frenetic, the city is India’s beating heart and the Taj Mahal Palace Hotel offers a peaceful sanctuary away from the chaos – the perfect place for guests to rest after their journey, while also enjoying some light sightseeing. On Saturday, we lunch at the exclusive Willingdon Club and then spend the afternoon at the races, rubbing shoulders with Mumbai society and Bollywood glitterati.", "Agra in Uttar Pradesh state is famous for one of the eight wonders of world the Taj Mahal. Anyone who is on a travel spree his trip would be incomplete without the visit to the most elegant Taj Mahal. This is one of the must see places list of India, the eternal symbol of love. If your really want to Know about a legend love story called Shah Jahan Prince Khurram and his Mumtaz Mahal Arjumand Banu Begum.This is a story which started in 1631,continues to live on in the form of Taj and is considered a living example of eternal love. It's set an example for the people living in present and the future to come. The former capital of Hindustan under the Mughals, Its glorious past and the mystic and splendors of the Mughal architect make a popular tourist attraction.Though Taj Mahal, Agra Fort and Fatehpur Sikri are considered the havens of Mughal art and culture in this city,the legacy of the Mughal Empire a few more magnificent tombs and mausoleums with Yamuna River providing a sacred backdrop. Being among the most popular tourist destinations of India, Its offers all kinds of tourism related infrastructure facilities. Archeological Sites, Heritage, Forts, Gardens, Taj Mahal.", "Hotel Howard Plaza, Fatehabad Road, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India, ☎ +91 5624048600 ,+91 9634090605, [35] . checkout: noon. 900 metres from the Taj Mahal's West Gate. Broadband Wifi Internet connection, private bathroom with hot and cold water, doctor on call and direct-dial phone. One of the best in this range. Double Room Prices [Mar 2013]: from 3500 Rs to 7000 Rs. Breakfast (Included) and taxes not included.. edit", "The Taj Mahal is an UNESCO World Heritage site and a popular tourist attraction in Northern India. Constructed in 1632, the mausoleum stands as a monument of love from Shah Jahan to his wife Mumtaz Mahal. The Taj Mahal site contains elaborate gardens, a large reflection pool and numerous outbuildings, which include a mosque, watchtowers, additional mausoleums, a large gateway building and a guesthouse. Both the interior and the exterior of the main and outlying buildings are intricately decorated in the style of the 17th century.", "Delhi (, Dilli; Devanāgarī: दिल्ली), officially the National Capital Territory of Delhi, is the capital territory of the Republic of India. Delhi is historically and culturally connected to both the Upper Doab of the Yamuna-Ganges river system and the Punjab region. It is bordered by Haryana on three sides and by Uttar Pradesh to the east. It is the most populous city in India—about . It has a population of about 25 million, making it the most populous city and most populous urban agglomeration in India and 2 largest urban area in the world. Such is the nature of urban expansion in Delhi that its growth has expanded beyond the NCT to incorporate towns in neighbouring states and at its largest extent can count a population of about 25 million residents . After Mumbai, Delhi has the second-highest number of billionaires and millionaires among all cities in India. ", "The Taj Mahal (also \"the Taj\") is considered the finest example of Mughal architecture, a style that combines elements from Persian, Turkish, Indian, and Islamic architectural styles. In 1983, the Taj Mahal became a UNESCO World Heritage Site and was cited as \"the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage.\"", "The most important tourist destination in India, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and one of the Seven Wonders of the Modern World, the Taj Mahal continues to fascinate us with its beauty, serenity and magnificence.", "In the east of the city are two examples of early Mughal architecture: the mausoleum of the 16th century Sufi Saint Ghous Mohammed and the tomb of Mian Tansen, a great singer and one of the 'Nine Jewels' of the Mughal Emperor Akbar's court. Right next to them is the Gujari Mahal, built by Tomar Rajput King Man Singh Tomar on demand of his consort Gujar princess \"Mrignayani\" (meaning \"having eyes like deer\"). The Mughal Emperor Akbar is also known to have organised hunting parties near Gwalior. ", "The Taj Mahal is one of the most recognised, admired and magnificent buildings in the world. It was built between 1631 and 1648 by the orders of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan as a mausoleum in memory of his third and favourite wife Mumtaz Mahal who died giving birth to his 14th child. It's estimated that 20,000 workers were employed in its construction, including masons, marble workers, mosaicists and decorators. The Taj Mahal stands before a vast Mughal garden, laid out in perfect symmetry, with the canals providing an exquisite reflection of the building. It is a study in architectural precision, combining elements and styles from Persian, Central Asian and Islamic architecture. The white marble exterior is inlaid with thousands of pieces of coloured and semi-precious stones, decorative bands and calligraphic inscriptions. The Taj Mahal is best visited at sunrise or sunset when the sun casts the building in different lights, but many hours should be spent here admiring one of the world's great sights.", "Jodhpur ( ) is the second largest city in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It was formerly the seat of a princely state of the same name, the capital of the kingdom known as Marwar. Jodhpur is a popular tourist destination, featuring many palaces, forts and temples, set in the stark landscape of the Thar Desert.", "Taj Mahal, 2, rue de Strasbourg, ☎ (352) 40 59 41. By anyone's standards, a fantastic curry house serving rich and delicious Indian food. Very friendly staff too. Well worth making the short trip from the centre to this restaurant located near the station. edit", "You would then disembark to visit the famous City Palace, the largest palace complex in Rajasthan, with its scalloped arches, fretted balconies, and cupolas, which also houses the spectacular Crystal Gallery. Later, you will board a ferry to ride on Lake Pichola to reach Jagmandir - a 17th century Palace located on an island on the picturesque lake - for an exquisite lunch. Allow the sounds of the Tabla and the unique Jal Tarang to soothe your inner rhythm as you glance out to the lovely views of one of the most romantic cities of Rajasthan.", "Taj Mahal is built with white marble which signifies the royalty and aesthetic magnificence of this tombstone. This gigantic monument appears to be white as milk which makes it look pure and serene. This magnificent emblem of love and passion was designed by a local architecture named Ahmad Lahori. The entire atmosphere in Taj Mahal is so serene and pure that the fragrance of love is alive till date. You will still feel that there is love spread everywhere in this gravestone. This tombstone is surrounded by beautiful garden, a tranquil mosque and great gateway structures which make it look imperial and magnetic. The entire view of Taj Mahal is simple outstanding as it stands in the middle of giant fountains and roadway made from marble. There are four water channels in the garden area where the water of Islamic Paradise echoes.", "India Inn, Taj Mahal South Gate (As you come out on the street from the south exit, turn left, then almost immediately right down the side of the Taj cafe, it's at the end of the dusty parking lot 40m from the cafe), ☎ 09773712975. checkout: 10am negotiable. Comfortable enough, but they'll try an upsell with day trips almost constantly. Just say no - price doesn't go up. Rs 300 for a double in off season. edit", "Pari Mahal, (Close to Chashmashahi, some km uphill). a several hundred years old garden overlooking the Dal lake. Don't miss the breathtaking views of the city from here. 10 rps. edit", "After a tour of the Taj Mahal, visitors feel hungry. There are many eating joints near the Taj Mahal. Some of the food joints include the Silk Route Restaurant, Zorba The Buddha, Olive Garden, and Capri Restaurant.", "The Taj Mahal on a bright and clear day. (Photo by Mukul Banerjee / Contributor / Getty Images)", "There are several restaurants in the Taj Ganj area, catering for the many tourists staying around the Taj Mahal." ]	[ 7.1875, 6.85546875, 6.671875, 5.95703125, 5.82421875, 5.5703125, 5.3203125, 5.1484375, 4.7890625, 4.53515625, 4.16015625, 3.552734375, 3.25390625, 2.359375, 1.810546875, 1.3134765625, 0.9736328125, -0.56689453125, -0.939453125, -1.5283203125, -2.74609375, -3.111328125, -3.486328125, -3.634765625, -4.89453125, -4.9140625, -5.61328125, -5.703125, -6.53515625, -6.53515625, -6.5625, -6.578125 ]
Which country has the longest coastline in the world?	[ "The country with the longest combined coastline in the world is Canada with 202,080 kilometers of coastline. On the contrary Monaco only has a coastline of 4.1 kilometers.", "There are other countries such as Bangladesh, Australia, New Zealand and Brazil which claim to have the longest beaches and the longest single stretch of coastline in the world.", "No. It is not the longest in the world. Canada is the country with the longest coastline (152,100 miles) and Monaco has the shortest coastline (3.5 miles).", "And Number One on the list of the top ten countries with the largest coastlines is Canada, which has a total coastline length of 202,080 kilometers-four times bigger than Indonesia. It has 52,455 islands and ranks second in the world’s largest country by total area. Canada borders on three oceans: the Atlantic, Arctic and Pacific Oceans. If your walked the shorelines of Canada with an average speed of 20 kilometers a day, it would take you thirty three years to complete-it’s that big. Nearly a fourth of the world’s fresh water is in this country.", "So these are the top ten countries with the largest coastlines in the world. Greenland, which has a total coastline length of 44,087 kilometers, is not on the list since it is not a country per say, but an autonomous division of Denmark. If Greenland were to be included, it would be number three on the list.", "The fifth country with the largest coastline is Japan. Its coastline length is 29, 751 kilometers. Japan is an island nation in East Asia-an archipelago consisting of 6,852 islands. It is the world’s 3rd largest economy, just after China and the United States of America.", "Philippines boasts of a coastline of 36,289 kilometers. However, it still ranks fifth in the world for having the longest coastline.", "[8] For further information refer to Bateman, S and Bergin, A., Our Western Front: Australia and the Indian Ocean, Australian Strategic Policy Institute: Canberra, March 2010. In comparison to South Africa (2,500 km), Saudi Arabia (2,640 km), Iran (2,440 km); India (7,517 km), Indonesia and Australia appear to have the longest coastlines among Indian Ocean littoral states. ", "1. Canada – 202,080 km (125,567 miles) of coastline. Canada is also the country with largest water area in the world , and the second largest country in the world", "Number Six on the list is Australia, officially called the Commonwealth of Australia. Its coastline length has a total of 25, 760 kilometers. This nation is the world’s 6th largest country in terms of land area, and is the 12th largest economy in the world. Australia is home to the Great Barrier Reef, which is the largest reef in the world containing the world’s most diverse range of sea creatures. Its coastline boasts of more than ten thousand beaches, with its most famous one, the Bondi Beach-Australia’s mecca for surfers, tourists, and sun bathers. About eighty five percent of Australia’s population live just about an hour away from the coastline.", "The fourth country with the largest coastline is the Philippines, also known as the Republic of the Philippines. Its coastline length has a total of 36, 280 kilometers. Its location is at the western part of the Pacific Ocean and is a state in Southeast Asia. The Philippines is an archipelago of more than 7,000 islands and has a diverse range of sea creatures in its waters. Fish is the primary source of protein among Filipinos, making fishing a very large industry in this country, with most of its inhabitants living just a few minutes away from their coastlines. One of its famous beaches, Boracay, was named the best island in the entire world in 2012, by Travel + Leisure-an international travel magazine based the US. Many of its beaches are famous the world over and its tourism industry brings the country enormous economic advantages.", "The longest beach in the world will most likely be in Australia with having some beaches like Eighty mile beach in WA and Coorong beach in SA, that stretch over 220 kilometers uninterrupted.", "According to DFAT, Australia’s coastline astride the Indian Ocean is longer than its Pacific coastline. [7]", "Japan has a long and irregular coastline totaling some 29,750 km (18,490 mi). The coastlines of Hokkaidô and western and northern Honshû are relatively straight. The most prominent features of Hokkaidô's coastline are the Oshima Peninsula at the south end of the island and the Uchiura and Ishikari bays, which flank the peninsula on opposite coasts. The western coast of Honshû on the almost tideless Sea of Japan possesses Japan's largest sandy beaches and its tallest dunes. The only conspicuous indentations in this coastline are Wakasa and Toyama bays and one major peninsula, the Noto Peninsula. The eastern coast of Honshû north of Tokyo has few navigable inlets.", "Russia is the biggest country in the world, and its coastline accounts for one of the biggest, even though the bulk of the country is landlocked. Its coast touches the Gulf of Finland, the Barents Sea, the Kara Sea, the Laptev Sea, the East Siberian Sea, the Arctic Sea, the Black Sea and more.", "From the most northerly point, Ras ben Sakka in Tunisia (37°21′ N), to the most southerly point, Cape Agulhas in South Africa (34°51’15” S), is a distance of approximately 8,000 km (5,000 mi); [70] from Cape Verde , 17°33’22” W, the westernmost point, to Ras Hafun in Somalia , 51°27’52” E, the most easterly projection, is a distance of approximately 7,400 km (4,600 mi). [71] The coastline is 26,000 km (16,000 mi) long, and the absence of deep indentations of the shore is illustrated by the fact that Europe, which covers only 10,400,000 km2(4,000,000 sq mi) – about a third of the surface of Africa – has a coastline of 32,000 km (20,000 mi). [71]", "You are here: Home / Environmental Education / Ocean Conservation / Ocean / What is the state with the longest coastline?", "Coastlines. The mountainous character of Japan is associated with a largely irregular coastline, some 18,600 miles (29,750 km) in length, which is an unusually high ratio of coastline to surface land area. Deep indentations in this coastline present inviting opportunities for the development of ports and for the evolution of coastal trade carried on within partially protected waters of bays and partly enclosed seas.", "Indonesia is the largest archipelagic nation in the world comprising an estimated 17,508 islands. Coastal length has been variously estimated at between 80,791km ( Moosa, 1994 ) and 204,000km ( Tomascik et al, 1997 ). The official estimate for the area of coral reefs is 7500km² ( KLH 1992 ). A re-estimate by Tomascik et al ( 1997 ) based on the longer figure for coastline length is 85,707km² which represents about 14% of the world total.", "Indonesia is the largest archipelago of the world of more than 13,000 islands with a total coastline of 81,000 kilometers.", "The following is a list of the world's countries with the longest coastlines. The top 10 have been included from longest to shortest.", "This list contains the 10 countries with the longest coastline in the world. By nature, the list corresponds to the list of largest countries , and the list of countries with largest water area", "Indonesia, Japan, the Philippines, New Zealand, Maldives, the British Isles, the Bahamas, Greece, Hawaii, Azores and New York City are examples of well-known archipelagos. The largest archipelagic state in the world by area and population is Indonesia. The archipelago with the most islands is the Swedish East Coast Archipelago, which contains the Stockholm Archipelago, which, in turn, connects to the world's second largest archipelago, the Archipelago Sea in Finland.", "An island country located in the western Pacific Ocean off the coast of Southeast Asia, the Philippines, with its 7,641 islands, has a coastline of 22,549 miles. The coastline of this country is highly irregular, being indented with countless islets, bays, and gulfs. The coastal areas of the country are the most densely inhabited, and roughly 60% of the population of the country, and most of its large cities, are found based along the coastlines of the country. A large number of Filipinos depend on coastal fisheries for their livelihoods, and about 40-60% of the total fish catch of the country is contributed by the coastal fishing activities. The arresting beauty of the shores of the Philippines also draws thousands of tourists to this country, economically benefiting the nation in turn.", "World Book Encyclopedia (v.13, p.500 of the 2000 edition) states that Michigan's shoreline, at 3,288 miles is \"more than any other state except Alaska. This includes 1,056 miles (1,699 kilometers) of island shoreline.\" In v.1 (p.284 and 294) of the same edition it states that Alaska has 6,640 miles or 10,686 kilometers of coastline.", "I'm a coastal person and enjoy living along the coast. If there was a country with a very long coastline I would love to live there.", "The Marshall Islands, officially the Republic of the Marshall Islands (Marshallese: Aolepān Aorōkin M̧ajeļ), is an island country located in the northern Pacific Ocean. Geographically, the country is part of the larger island group of Micronesia, with the population of around 68,000 people spread out over 34 low-lying coral atolls, comprising 1,156 individual islands and islets. The islands share maritime boundaries with the Federated States of Micronesia to the west, Wake Island to the north,Kiribati to the south-east, and Nauru to the south. The most populous atoll is Majuro, which also acts as the capital.", "These countries all have substantially long stretches of shorelines to their name. Island countries' positions are bolstered by the sum of their many constituent shores.", "coast broad area of land that borders the sea. A brief treatment of coasts follows. For full treatment, see coastal landforms. The coastlines of the world’s continents measure about 312,000 km (193,000 miles). They have undergone shifts in position over geologic...", "The coastline has gradually been shortened as protective devices have been installed and more land reclaimed. In the year 1500, the shoreline was several thousand kilometres in length. It is now (1988) 1 370 km long, but if one disregards islands and estuaries it is only about 370 km in length.", "Its southernmost coast at Cape Three Points is 4° 30' north of the equator. From here, the country extends inland for some 670 kilometers to about 11° north. The distance across the widest part, between longitude 1° 12' east and longitude 3° 15' west, measures about 560 kilometers. ", "Don’t let their lush, verdant look fool you – the 3,315 ft (1,010 meter) high Kalaupapa Cliffs on the Hawaiian island of Molokai are the world’s highest sea cliffs and a misstep at the top leads to a long, long fall to the Pacific Ocean surf. The cliffs are part of an ancient volcanic caldera; thus their peaceful appearance today hints little at their extremely violent creation." ]	[ 7.89453125, 7.1328125, 6.99609375, 5, 4.828125, 4.421875, 3.712890625, 3.681640625, 3.443359375, 2.833984375, 2.794921875, 2.78125, 2.4453125, 1.3603515625, 1.3525390625, 0.8779296875, 0.7216796875, 0.55859375, 0.388427734375, -0.9580078125, -1.0634765625, -1.15234375, -1.458984375, -1.794921875, -3.123046875, -4.27734375, -4.80078125, -5.17578125, -5.86328125, -6.09765625, -6.41015625, -7.78515625 ]
In which year did California become one of the United States of America?	[ "California officially became a state of the United States of America on September 9th, 1850. It was the 31st state to be added to this country. The name California is derived from a fictional paradise said to be inhabited by the Black Amazons. Their ruler was Queen Calafia.", "California became a U.S. territory in 1848 with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo which ended the Mexican-American War. The very same year saw the beginnings of the California Gold Rush (better known in 1849) which brought great numbers of people west, many of whom stayed. California became increasingly an important part of the United States and the idea of a rail connection to it gained support.", "California became the 31st state of the union on Sept. 9, 1850 and was the site of the gold rush of 1848. Due to influx of prospectors looking to get rich during that time, the state nickname is \"The Golden State.\" Spain originally controlled California, where the country established its first mission in 1759 in San Diego. In 1847, California became a U.S. Territory.", "Our State began when voters approved its Original Constitution and elected our first officeholders on November 13, 1849. Recognizing this Constitution, the U.S. Congress admitted California to the Union, September 9, 1850. We became the 31st Star in the America Flag.", "Though it had only been a part of the United States for less than two years, California becomes the 31st state in the union (without ever even having been a territory) on this day in 1850.", "Before being annexed by the United States in 1848 (following the Mexican–American War), a small portion of north-central California declared itself the California Republic, in an act of independence from Mexico, in 1846 (see Bear Flag Revolt). The republic only existed a month before it disbanded itself, to join the advancing American army and therefore became part of the United States.", "In 1849, Californians sought statehood and, after heated debate in the U.S. Congress arising out of the slavery issue, California entered the Union as a free, nonslavery state by the Compromise of 1850.", "Congress hesitated to welcome a new free state, but because of its booming population and the discovery of gold California was admitted in September 9, 1850. Ceded by Mexico by the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, concluded Feb. 2, 1848, and proclaimed July 4, 1848. From then until statehood, California had a military government until Dec. 20, 1849, and then a local civil government. It never had a territorial form of government.", "Congress hesitated to welcome a new free state, but because of its booming population and the discovery of gold California was admitted in September 9, 1850. Ceded by Mexico by the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, concluded Feb. 2, 1848, and proclaimed July 4, 1848. From then until statehood, California had a military government until Dec. 20, 1849, and then a local civil government. It never had a territorial form of government.", "After two years of fighting, the United States emerged the victor. On February 2, 1848, the Treaty of Guadelupe Hidalgo was signed, formally ending the war and handing control of California to the United States. Neither side knew that gold had recently been discovered at the sawmill Swiss immigrant John Sutter was building near Coloma.", "Political events in the territory moved swiftly in the next few years. After having briefly asserted the independence of California in 1836, the Californios drove out the last Mexican governor in 1845. Under the influence of the American explorer John C. Frémont , U.S. settlers set up (1846) a republic at Sonoma under their unique Bear Flag. The news of war between the United States and Mexico (1846–48) reached California soon afterward. On July 7, 1846, Commodore John D. Sloat captured Monterey, the capital, and claimed California for the United States. The Californios in the north worked with U.S. soldiers, but those in the south resisted U.S. martial law. In 1847, however, U.S. Gen. Stephen W. Kearny defeated the southern Californios. By the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848), Mexico formally ceded the territory to the United States.", "*California, 1850, from land ceded to the United States by Mexico in 1848 under the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. ", "The idea of a fast mail route to the Pacific coast was prompted largely by California's newfound prominence and its rapidly growing population. After gold was discovered there in 1848, thousands of prospectors, investors and businessmen made their way to California, at that time a new territory of the U.S. By 1850, California entered the Union as a free state. By 1860, the population had grown to 380,000. The demand for a faster way to get mail and other communications to and from this westernmost state became even greater as the American Civil War approached.", "In 1851, Peter Hardeman Burnett, the first governor of California after it became a U.S. state, said in an address to the Legislature, ï¿½That a war of extermination will continue to be waged between the two races until the Indian race becomes extinct, must be expected.ï¿½", "On July 7, 1846, US Navy Commodore John D. Sloat, in the Battle of Yerba Buena, claimed Alta California for the United States during the Mexican-American War, and US Navy Captain John Berrien Montgomery and US Marine Second Lieutenant Henry Bulls Watson of the USS Portsmouth arrived to claim Yerba Buena two days later by raising the American flag over the town plaza, which is now Portsmouth Square in honor of the ship. Henry Bulls Watson was placed in command of the garrison there. On July 31, 1846, Yerba Buena doubled in population when about 240 Mormon migrants from the East coast arrived on the ship Brooklyn, led by Sam Brannan. In August 1846, Lt. Washington Allon Bartlett was named alcalde of Yerba Buena. On January 30, 1847, Lt. Bartlett's proclamation changing the name Yerba Buena to San Francisco took effect. The city and the rest of Alta California officially became a United States military territory in 1848 by the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which ended the Mexican-American War. California was admitted for statehood to the United States on September 9, 1850. The State soon chartered San Francisco as both a City and a County.", "The Gold Rush undoubtedly sped up California’s admission to the Union as the 31st state. In late 1849, California applied to enter the Union with a constitution preventing slavery, provoking a crisis in Congress between proponents of slavery and abolitionists. According to the Compromise of 1850 , proposed by Kentucky’s Senator Henry Clay , California was allowed to enter as a free state, while the territories of Utah and New Mexico were left open to decide the question for themselves.", "Ceded by Mexico by the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, concluded Feb. 2, 1848, and proclaimed July 4, 1848. From then until statehood, California had a military government until Dec. 20, 1849, and then a local civil government. It never had a territorial form of government.", "The Gold Rush also increased pressure to make California a U.S. state. Pro-slavery politicians initially attempted to permanently divide northern and southern California at 36 degrees, 30 minutes, the line of the Missouri Compromise. But instead, the passing of the Compromise of 1850 enabled California to be admitted to the Union as a free state.", "California became one of the most multi-cultural states in the US as immigrants from around the world rushed to find gold. By 1850 more than 25 percent of California's population had been born outside the United States. . By 1852, more than 25,000 immigrants from China alone had arrived in America.", "As part of the Compromise of 1850, California was admitted as a free state (1850), without a slave state pair. To avoid creating a free state majority in the Senate, California agreed to send one pro-slavery and one anti-slavery senator to Congress.", "Just days after Marshall’s discovery at Sutter’s Mill, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed, ending the Mexican-American War and leaving California in the hands of the United States. At the time, the population of the territory consisted of 6,500 Californios (people of Spanish or Mexican decent); 700 foreigners (primarily Americans); and 150,000 Native Americans (barely half the number that had been there when Spanish settlers arrived in 1769).", "The discovery of gold in California in 1848 vastly accelerated changes that had been occurring since 1769. Already a meeting place for Mexicans, Russians, Americans, Europeans, and natives, the gold rush turned California into a truly global frontier where immigrants from every continent on earth now jostled. More than 300,000 gold seekers flooded California by 1850, bringing to the new American state an astonishing variety of languages, religions, and social customs. Many of these visitors had no interest in settling down in California, intending only to make their \"pile\" and return home with pockets full of gold. The arrival and departure of thousands of immigrants, the intensely multicultural nature of society, and the newness of American institutions made Gold Rush California a chaotic, confusing landscape for natives and newcomers alike.", "The first twenty years of the 19th century continued the colonization of the northern California coast by Spain. By 1820, Spanish influence extended inland approximately 25 to 50 mi from the missions. Outside of this zone, perhaps 200,000 to 250,000 Native Americans continued to lead traditional lives. The Adams-Onís Treaty, signed in 1819 between Spain and the young United States, set the northern boundary of the Spanish claims at the 42nd parallel, effectively creating today's northern boundary of northern California.", "California also became part of the U.S. as a result of the Mexican Cession. After the Mexican War, California was essentially run by military governors. President James K. Polk tried to get Congress to officially establish a territorial government in California, but the increasing North vs. South debates prevented this.", "Effective February 18, 1850, twenty-seven counties were created in California. The new counties were Branciforte, Butte, Calaveras, Colusi, Contra Costa, El Dorado, Los Angeles, Marin, Mariposa, Mendocino, Monterey, Napa, Sacramento, San Diego, San Francisco, San Joaquin, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Santa Clara, Solano, Sonoma, Sutter, Trinity, Tuolumne, Yola, and Yuba.", "CALIFORNIA, Sacramento is capital and The world's largest known almond processing center, State whose motto \"Eureka\", meaning \"I have found it\" is attributed to Archimedes. On 1846 John C. Fremont was chosen to direct the affairs of this \"Bear Flag\" republic", "San Joaquin County was one of the original United States counties of California, created in 1850 at the time of statehood.", "New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, and the pueblo continued as a part of Mexico. During Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta California's regional capital.", "It wasn’t long before word of the discovery had traveled to lands across the whole world. People began traveling to California in search of the gold and the riches that it could bring. Approximate numbers showed that about 150,000 people traveled to California by boat, while 150,000 more people traveled across the land. The sudden growth from prospectors and their families caused small towns to grow, like San Francisco. It also contributed to the addition of more schools, churches, and roads. The Gold Rush, and the increase in population density, directly led to California’s admittance into the nation as a free state.", "The State of California is the most populous state of the union, and the third largest in terms of land mass (behind Texas and Alaska). Southern California is famous largely for being the center of the United States' film and television industries (they shoot so much film here, it's a trope of its own ), as well as never getting rained on, and Northern California is famous largely for being the center of the computer industry and left-wing politics, and getting rained on almost constantly. Every now and then, the idea comes up of dividing it into two or three states (north, south, central, and now, even the technocrats from Silicon Valley wants their own state); this never happens, and likely never will. If Los Angeles County were to form its own state, it would be ninth in population all by itself.", "The Hispanic residents were given full citizenship and the Mexican Indians became American Indians. Simultaneously gold was discovered, pulling over 100,000 men to northern California in a matter of months in the California Gold Rush. Not only did the then president James K. Polk expand America's border to the Republic of Texas and a fraction of Mexico but he also annexed the north western frontier known as the Oregon Country, which was renamed the Oregon Territory.", "California's population soared from 14,000 to 265,000 and its social structure and culture were permanently altered. Tens of thousands of \"Argonauts\" stayed on as farmers. A social infrastructure, critically lacking at first, was now established. Fire companies, mills, brickyards and foundries, railroads and stage routes were developed rapidly, as were improved communications within the new state and coast to coast. San Francisco ─ five times burned to the ground, five times rebuilt ─ evolved a financial base and cultural sophistication that would soon rival the established cities of the East. At the same time, the myth of the California life ─ freer, richer, and faster ─ continued to attract immigrants." ]	[ 6.48046875, 4.875, 4.60546875, 3.833984375, 3.537109375, 2.927734375, 2.580078125, 2.19921875, 2.19921875, 2.197265625, 1.890625, 1.876953125, 1.6015625, 1.458984375, 1.4140625, 0.734375, 0.303466796875, 0.2158203125, 0.1748046875, -0.435546875, -1.560546875, -1.78515625, -2.203125, -2.8515625, -3.18359375, -3.423828125, -3.78125, -4.98046875, -6.4765625, -6.8671875, -7.26953125, -8.28125 ]
What were the first names of the three Bronte sisters?	[ "The Brontës (, commonly ) were a nineteenth-century literary family associated with the village of Haworth in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England. The sisters, Charlotte (1816–1855), Emily (1818–1848), and Anne (1820–1849), are well known as poets and novelists. Like many contemporary female writers, they originally published their poems and novels under male pseudonyms: Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell. Their stories immediately attracted attention, although not always the best, for their passion and originality. Charlotte's Jane Eyre was the first to know success, while Emily's Wuthering Heights, Anne's The Tenant of Wildfell Hall and other works were later to be accepted as masterpieces of literature.", "The Brontë sisters, Emily, Charlotte and Anne, were other significant novelists in the 1840s and 1850s. Their novels caused a sensation when they were first published but were subsequently accepted as classics. Charlotte Brontë's (1816–55) work was Jane Eyre, broke new ground in being written from an intensely first-person female perspective. Emily Brontë's (1818–48) novel was Wuthering Heights and, according to Juliet Gardiner, \"the vivid sexual passion and power of its language and imagery impressed, bewildered and appalled reviewers\". The third Brontë novel of 1847 was Anne Brontë's (1820–49) Agnes Grey, which deals with the lonely life of a governess. ", "The three Brontë sisters – Charlotte, Emily and Anne – moved to its windswept hilltop parsonage as very young children with their brother, Branwell, from nearby Thornton after the death of their mother and two female siblings. It was whilst living at The Parsonage in Haworth that the sisters wrote their famous literary classics.", "We’ve talked a lot about Shakespearean literary names and characters in Dickens and Jane Austen , but we’ve overlooked three of the best namers in literary history—the sisters Brontë. We love their own names— Charlotte , Emily and Anne , and we love their initial-appropriate male pen names—Currer, Ellis and Acton . We even love their surname, which a number of parents have chosen for their daughters.", "Brontë, the name of three ladies, Charlotte, Emily, and Anne, daughters of a Yorkshire clergyman of Irish extraction: Charlotte, born at Thornton, Yorkshire; removed with her father, at the age of four, to Haworth, a moorland parish, in the same county, where she lived most of her days; spent two years at Brussels as a pupil-teacher; on her return, in conjunction with her sisters, prepared and published a volume of poems under the pseudonyms respectively of “Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell,” which proved a failure. Nothing daunted, she set to novel writing, and her success was instant; first, “Jane Eyre,” then “Shirley,” and then “Villette,” appeared, and her fame was established. In 1854 she married her father's curate, Mr. Nicholls, but her constitution gave way, and she died (1816-1855). Emily (Ellis), two years younger, poet rather than novelist; wrote “Wuthering Heights,” a remarkable production, showing still greater genius, which she did not live to develop. Anne (Acton), four years younger, also wrote two novels, but very ephemeral productions.", "It is also because the Brontës themselves have become heroines. Meet Jane, Cathy and Helen and you also meet Charlotte, Emily and Anne. Ever since Elizabeth Gaskell wrote her Life of Charlotte Brontë in 1855, Charlotte and her sisters have seemed as vivid as anyone they put on the page. And even Charlotte, who once said she wanted “to be forever known”, couldn’t have imagined 70,000 people a year paying to wander round her home, staring, awestruck at her stockings in a vitrine (admiring the darning–“such tiny stitches!” said a woman from Missouri on my last visit); or couples, hand in hand, following signs in Japanese to what is now called the ‘Brontë waterfall’.", "This is a blog about the Bronte Sisters, Charlotte, Emily and Anne. And their father Patrick, their mother Maria and their brother Branwell. About their pets, their friends, the parsonage (their house), Haworth the town in which they lived, the moors they loved so much, the Victorian era in which they lived.", "Welcome to Bronte Country, an area which straddles the West Yorkshire and East Lancashire Pennines in the North of England . A windswept land of heather and wild moors, it is hardly surprising that this region became the inspiration for the classic works of the Bronte sisters , Charlotte, Emily and Anne.", "Charlotte Brontë was a British novelist, the eldest out of the three famous Brontë sisters whose novels have become standards of English literature. See also Emily Brontë and Anne Brontë .", "The Brontë Sisters - The Complete Novels: Jane Eyre, Wuthering Heights, Shirley, Villette, The Professor, Emma, Agnes Grey, The Tenant of Wildfell Hall eBook by Charlotte Brontë - 9788026838524 \| Kobo", "Part of the famous Brontë literary family, Emily Brontë wrote Wuthering Heights , her only novel. Much less is known of Emily than her two other literary sisters, Charlotte and Anne . Emily lived with her family at Haworth on the Yorkshire moors, and spent most of her life there. It was here that she developed a passion for the moors, which she expressed in the setting of Wuthering Heights. She went to the same school as the other Brontë sisters where Maria and Elizabeth died. Emily was very attached to her home at Yorkshire, and was much more reclusive than other members of her family. At her brother Branwell’s funeral, Emily caught a cold and later died of tuberculosis.", "In 1824, the four eldest girls of the Bronte family (Maria, Elizabeth, Charlotte, and Emily) were enrolled as pupils at the Clergy Daughters School at Cowan Bridge, a boarding school for daughters of clergy. A year later in 1825, Maria and Elizabeth both took ill at school and returned home to die. Charlotte and Emily, understandably, followed their sisters home.", "In the summer of 1824, Patrick sent his eldest daughters Maria, Elizabeth, Charlotte and Emily to Crofton Hall in Crofton, West Yorkshire, and later to the Clergy Daughter's School, Cowan Bridge, Lancashire. When the two eldest siblings died of consumption in 1825, Maria on 6 May and Elizabeth on 15 June, Charlotte and Emily were immediately brought home. The unexpected deaths of Anne's two eldest sisters distressed the bereaved family enough that Patrick could not face sending them away again. For the next five years, all the Brontë children were educated at home, largely by their father and aunt. The young Brontës made little attempt to mix with others outside the parsonage, but relied upon each other for friendship and companionship. The bleak moors surrounding Haworth became their playground.", "Emily Jane Brontë (30 July 1818 – 19 December 1848) was an English novelist and poet, best remembered for her only novel, Wuthering Heights, now considered a classic of English literature. She was born in the village of Thornton, West Riding of Yorkshire, in Northern England, to Maria Branwell and an Irish father Patrick Brontë. She was the fifth of six children, of which the two oldest, Maria and Elizabeth, died in childhood. Her other two sisters, Charlotte and Anne, became writers in their own right. [93]", "Charlotte name was introduced to Britain in the 17th century. A notable bearer was Charlotte Bronte (1816-1855), the eldest of the three Bronte sisters and the author of 'Jane Eyre' and 'Villette'.", "She began her education at the Clergy Daughters' School at Cowan Bridge in Lancashire, England. Health conditions at the institution were poor, and Charlotte Bronte's older sisters, Maria and Elizabeth, both died of tuberculosis during their time at the school. Charlotte and one of her two remaining sisters, Emily , later studied at a boarding school in Brussels, Belgium.", "1. The sisters’ first volume of poems sold just two copies. Poems by Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell (1846) sold a total of two copies when first published. However, it was the failure of this poetry volume that convinced the sisters to turn their attention to writing novels: the following year Wuthering Heights, Jane Eyre, and Agnes Grey were all published. In a letter of March 1845, Charlotte had written, ‘I shall soon be 30 – and I have done nothing yet. … I feel as if we were all buried here.’ The sisters subsequently adopted their androgynous pseudonyms – Currer Bell for Charlotte, Ellis Bell for Emily, and Acton Bell for Anne – because they suspected their work would receive adverse reviews if it appeared under a female name (compare George Eliot and George Sand). Interestingly, Brontë wasn’t their original surname: their father was named Brunty but he thought this sounded too Irish (sure enough, the Brontë sisters were all of Irish stock), so he altered it to Brontë after one of Horatio Nelson’s titles, Duke of Bronte. What better way to offset the Irishness of your original surname than by paying tribute to the English hero of the hour?", "Anne Brontë was an English poet and novelist, sister of Charlotte and Emily Brontë and author of Agnes Grey (1847) and The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (1848). The youngest of six children of Patrick and Marie Brontë, Anne was taught in the family’s Haworth home and at Roe Head School. With her sister Emily, she invented the imaginary kingdom of Gondal, about which they wrote verse and prose (the latter now lost) from the early 1830s until 1845. She took a position as governess briefly in 1839 and then again for four years, 1841–45, with the Robinsons, the family of a clergyman, at Thorpe Green, near York. There her irresponsible brother, Branwell, joined her in 1843, intending to serve as a tutor. Like her sisters, she fell ill with tuberculosis toward the end of 1848 and died the following May.", "She was one of six children born to Maria Branwell Bronte and clergyman Patrick Bronte. She and her younger sisters, Emily and Anne, all had significant literary careers. Charlotte Bronte married her father's curate, Arthur Bell Nichols, in June of 1854.", "In 1824, Emily, with her four sisters entered the Clergy Daughter’s School at Cowan Bridge, near Kirkby Lonsdale. When Maria and Elizabeth died there a year later of tuberculosis, she and Charlotte returned home to Haworth. Their father was a quiet man and often spent his spare time alone, so, the motherless children entertained themselves reading the works of William Shakespeare, Virgil, John Milton, and the Bible and played the piano, did needlepoint, and told each other stories. The four often ‘paired up’; Charlotte and Branwell started writing of their imaginary world ‘Angria’, Emily and Anne writing of its rival, ‘Gondal’. Penning their kingdoms’ histories and developing characters to populate them, the young Bronte girls found a creative outlet in writing stories and poetry. Emily was becoming an independent and opinionated young woman as her poem “The Old Stoic” reveals;", "In 1824, Emily, with her four sisters entered the Clergy Daughterï¿½s School at Cowan Bridge, near Kirkby Lonsdale. When Maria and Elizabeth died there a year later of tuberculosis, she and Charlotte returned home to Haworth. Their father was a quiet man and often spent his spare time alone, so, the motherless children entertained themselves reading the works of William Shakespeare , Virgil , John Milton , and the Bible and played the piano, did needlepoint, and told each other stories. The four often ï¿½paired upï¿½; Charlotte and Branwell started writing of their imaginary world ï¿½Angriaï¿½, Emily and Anne writing of its rival, ï¿½Gondalï¿½. Penning their kingdomsï¿½ histories and developing characters to populate them, the young Bronte girls found a creative outlet in writing stories and poetry. Emily was becoming an independent and opinionated young woman as her poem ï¿½The Old Stoicï¿½ reveals;", "The only rationale of 'Ellis' that I have seen relates Emily's scruple-dictated choice to her Irish grandmother's first name. 5 However, most sources give the latter's Christian name as 'Alice' or 'Elinor' (the latter with variant spellings); see, for instance, Hopkins, p. 134n10, and also Withycombe, p. 45. Although the suggestion remains a possibility, it does not seem very likely to me — certainly not if one accepts the idea that Charlotte and Anne chose the surnames of remarkable contemporary women intellectuals. The Brontë children never knew their father's mother, Mrs Brunty/O'Prunty, née McClory, and none of the sisters is on record as having shown much interest, let alone pride, in their Irish ancestry. 6", "It is likely that Anne was the first of the Brontë sisters to write a work of prose for publication, although Agnes Grey, Wuthering Heights, and Jane Eyre were all published within the same year: 1847. Anne's novel was eventually published by Thomas Newby in a triple-volume format: Emily's Wuthering Heights made up the first two volumes (by virtue of it being the longer), while Agnes Grey made up the third.", "Emily Brontë was born on 30 July 1818 in the village of Thornton, West Riding of Yorkshire, in Northern England, to Maria Branwell and an Irish father, Patrick Brontë. She was the younger sister of Charlotte Brontë and the fifth of six children, though the two oldest girls, Maria and Elizabeth, died in childhood. In 1820, shortly after the birth of Emily's younger sister Anne, the family moved eight miles away to Haworth, where Patrick was employed as perpetual curate; here the children developed their literary talents. ", "Emily Brontë was born on 30 July 1818 in Thornton, near Bradford in Yorkshire, to Maria Branwell and Patrick Brontë. She was the younger sister of Charlotte Brontë and the fifth of six children. In 1824, the family moved to Haworth, where Emily's father was perpetual curate, and it was in these surroundings that their literary gifts flourished.", "Writing was a means of amusement for the Brontë children. After the two oldest sisters died, the remaining siblings began writing plays and poems, creating a world called Angria and Gondal. These worlds became little books and the sources for later poetry and prose. Emily Brontë went to school, but she was unable to stay there. Possessing a reclusive nature, she had longings and desires for her home on the moors, which prompted her return home after a scant three months.", "Emily Bronte (1818-1849), English author and one of the famed Bronte sisters wrote Wuthering Heights (1847);", "43. The Bronte sisters originally published their works using the surname 'Bell' - Give any of the three Christian names they used?", "Emily was the fifth of the six children of Patrick Brontë, Irish-born perpetual curate of the remote Yorkshire moorland parish of Haworth. After the death of their mother Maria when Emily was three, the children were given an inspiring and wide-ranging liberal and academic education by their father and thoroughly instructed in domestic ‘order, method and neatness’ by their aunt, Elizabeth Branwell.", "All three sisters attended different schools at various times as well as being taught at home. The Brontë children were often left alone together in their isolated home and all began to write stories at an early age.", "From the Brontë sisters to JK Rowling, a potted history of pen names \| Books \| The Guardian", "Anne Brontë was a British novelist and poet, the youngest member of the Brontë literary family." ]	[ 6.3828125, 6.13671875, 6.03515625, 5.3515625, 4.578125, 4.2421875, 3.7890625, 3.646484375, 3.08203125, 2.970703125, 2.85546875, 2.794921875, 2.744140625, 2.583984375, 2.125, 2.03515625, 1.958984375, 1.9326171875, 1.6416015625, 1.5068359375, 1.4560546875, 1.25390625, 0.85791015625, 0.69482421875, -0.302978515625, -0.85595703125, -2.66015625, -2.806640625, -3.30859375, -3.5234375, -4.45703125, -4.9296875 ]
Ti Amo means I Love You in which language?	[ "I down-voted your translation. It is inaccurate to say: Ti amo is the English \"I'm in love with you\". I speak Italian and I was married to an Italian man; I know the difference between the two expressions: ti amo and sono innamorata ! :) – Mari-Lou A Jul 21 '13 at 21:52", "Whether it's an operatic aria, a love poem, or whispered sweet nothings, many people think that the phrase \"I love you\" is best voiced in Italian (which is, after all, a romance language ). There are many ways to express the sentiment \"I love you\" in Italian , so how to choose? Partly it will depend on the relationship and the depth of feeling. Keep in mind, too, that there's a difference between \"ti amo\" and \"ti voglio\" —many About.com Italian Language forum members who are native Italian speakers have explained in minute detail the nuances and appropriateness of those two expressions.", "The first interesting point is that Italians distinguish clearly between romantic passionate love and love for friends and families. Amore is a word exclusively dedicated to your lover and Ti Amo leaves no space for doubts or questions about one’s feelings. In a country where love and passion usually go hand in hand, the possessive Amore MIO (my love) is very common.", "Amo: The name of the coffee house into which Acorn Antiques is turned in the Musical - Amo being Latin for 'I Love'.", "Galician ( or; ) is an Indo-European language of the Western Ibero-Romance branch. It is spoken by some 2.4 million people, mainly in Galicia, an autonomous community located in northwestern Spain, where it is official along with Spanish. The language is also spoken in some border zones of the neighbouring Spanish regions of Asturias and Castile and León, as well as by Galician migrant communities in the rest of Spain, in Latin America, the United States, Switzerland and elsewhere in Europe.", "French : Abraracourcix (\"à bras raccourcis\" – \"with arms up ready to fight\") – this is the same in Italian, Portuguese, Spanish and (original) Dutch (although the \"o\" is usually dropped)", "S O C IA L 120 love el amor I’m in love with you. Estoy enamorado/a de tí. m/f es·toy e·na·mo·ra·do/a de tee I love you. Te amo. te a·mo I think we’re good together. Creo que hacemos buena kre·o ke a·se·mos bwe·na pareja. pa·re·kha problems problemas Are you seeing someone else? ¿Me estás engañando con me es·tas en·ga·nyan·do kon alguien? al·gyen He’s just a friend. Es un amigo, nada más. es oon a·mee·go na·da mas She’s just a friend. Es una amiga, nada más. es oo·na a·mee·ga na·da mas We’ll work it out. Lo resolveremos. lo re·sol·ve·re·mos I want to end the relationship. Quiero que terminemos. kye·ro ke ter·mee·ne·mos I never want to see you again. No quiero volver a verte. no kye·ro vol·ver a ver·te I want to stay friends. Quiero que quedemos kye·ro ke ke·de·mos como amigos. ko·mo a·mee·gos are you horny? If someone suspects that their partner is cheating on them, they may ask ¿Me está poniendo los cuernos? which roughly means ‘Are you putting horns on my head?’ © Lonely Planet Publications", "in Spanish , \"El veloz murciélago hindú comía feliz cardillo y kiwi. La cigüeña tocaba el saxofón detrás del palenque de paja.\" (all 27 letters and diacritics ).", "Mia is of both Italian and Latin origin and means ‘mine’. In Danish, it means ‘beloved’.", "Tintoretto •bateau, chateau, gateau, gelato, mulatto, plateau •de facto, ipso facto •alto •canto, Esperanto, manteau, panto, portmanteau •antipasto, impasto - •agitato, Ambato, castrato, esparto, inamorato, legato, moderato, obbligato (US obligato), ostinato, pizzicato, rubato, staccato, tomato, vibrato, Waikato •contralto •allegretto, amaretto, amoretto, Canaletto , cornetto, falsetto, ghetto, larghetto, libretto, Loreto, Orvieto, Soweto , stiletto, Tintoretto, vaporetto, zucchetto •perfecto, recto •cento, cinquecento, divertimento, lento, memento, pimiento, portamento, Risorgimento , Sacramento , Sorrento, Trento •manifesto, pesto, presto •concerto •Cato, Plato , potato •Benito, bonito, burrito, coquito, graffito, Hirohito, incognito, Ito, magneto, Miskito, mosquito, Quito , Tito, veto •ditto • in flagrante delicto • mistletoe •pinto, Shinto •tiptoe •Callisto, fritto misto •cogito • Felixstowe • Sillitoe", "The Slavic languages use the same reflexive pronoun for all persons and numbers, while the Romance and North Germanic ones have a special third person pronoun that cliticizes and the other Germanic ones do as well without cliticizing. This is here in the following table for the word \"to recall\" (e.g., Je me souviens means \"I recall\", Tu te souviens means \"You recall\", and so on).", "This has been borrowed into Albanian as “xhan” (same pronunciation as the Turkish, Albanian xh being like an English j), where it means dear, precious, beloved, as in “Të kam xhan” (“You are dear to me”, or more literally “I have you dear”).", "Friends and family commonly greet each other with the abrazo (ah-bra-zoh). This is a handshake and hug, sometimes with a kiss on the right cheek. The abrazo is repeated upon parting. Other greetings include: Hola! Qué hubo? (oh-lah kay oo-boh)— How are you?; Cómo está? (koh-moh ess-tah)— How are you?; Gusto de verte ! (goo-stoh day vehrtay)—Nice to see you!; Buenos días ! (bway-nohs dee-ahs)—Good day!; Chao ! (chow)—Goodbye!. To express appreciation for their host's food, Chileans say: Es Rico ! (ess ree-koh)—It's delicious.", "(Please note that in Catalan el tió means 'the log'. In standard Castilian Spanish el tío means 'the uncle.' The accent is written over different letters. These two words, although they look and sound similar, are totally unrelated.)", "t = [ʧ] before i or a final unstressed e, [t] elsewhere. However in parts of Santa Catarina and Paraná and the north and north east of Brazil, the final t in the final -te is pronounced [t]. In those same regions (apart from Paraná) ti = [ti] or [tji]. The [ʧ] sound is also written tch (e.g. tchau), or tx in indigenous names (e.g. txukahamãe).", "3. dear; darling. Hallo, my sweet! liefling الحَبيب، المُحْبوب мил(а) querido drahoušek der/die Süße kære; min søde γλύκα! cariño kullake دوست داشتني kulta chéri מתוק प्रेमपात्र dragi, draga drágám sayang elskan, ástin caro , tesoro 愛する人 연인, 여보 mielasis! mieloji! mīļā; mīļais sayang liefje kjære ; skatt kochanie! ښه ، د خوښی وړ querido drag милый miláčik ljubček duša älskling, sötnos ที่รัก sevgilim , tatlım, şekerim 親愛的 коханий; любий پیارا یا پیاری anh, em yêu 亲爱的", "Caro nome, Gilda's aria from Rigoletto Gualtier Maldè...nome di lui sì amato Gualtier Maldè...name of my beloved, scolpisciti nel core innamorato! brand this loving heart! Caro nome che il mio cor Sweet name, you who made my heart festi primo palpitar, throb for the first time, le delizie dell' amor you must always remind me mi dêi sempre rammentar! the pleasures of love! Col pensiero il mio desir My desire will fly to you a te ognora volerà, on the wings of thought e pur l' ultimo sospir, and my last breath caro nome, tuo sarà. will be yours, my beloved. Translation by Guia K. Monti guiam@tinn.net", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/'O_Sole_Mio is the source and it has both Neopolitan and the English translation of the original lyric on.", "S O C IA L 118 Do you like me too? ¿Yo te gusto? yo te goos·to I’m interested in you. Me interesas. me een·te·re·sas Can I kiss you? ¿Te puedo besar? te pwe·do be·sar Will you take me home? ¿Me acompañas a mi casa? me a·kom·pa·nyas a mee ka·sa Do you want to come inside for a while? ¿Quieres pasar un rato? kye·res pa·sar oon ra·to sticky situations The adjective cachondo/a m/f has two diff erent mean- ings depending on which form of the verb ‘to be’ is used. For example: Juan es cachondo means ‘Juan is a babe’. (the verb ser) but Juan está cachondo means ‘Juan is horny’. (the verb estar) sex sexo I want to make love to you. Quiero hacerte el amor. kye·ro a·ser·te el a·mor Do you have a condom? ¿Tienes un condón? tye·nes oon kon·don Let’s use a condom. Usemos un condón. oo·se·mos oon kon·don I won’t do it without protection. No lo haré sin protección. no lo a·re seen pro·tek·syon I think we should stop now. Pienso que deberíamos pyen·so ke de·be·ree·a·mos parar. pa·rar © Lonely Planet Publications", "2. to fall in love with (someone). He has fallen for your sister. verlief raak op iemand, aangetrokke voel tot iemand يُشْغَف ب، يَسْتَسْلِم لِمَفاتِنِها влюбвам се apaixonar-se zamilovat se do sich verknallen in falde for; blive forelsket ερωτεύομαι enamorarse de (kellessegi) armuma خاطر خواه شدن rakastua tomber amoureux (de) לְהִתאַהֵב בְּ- प्रेम में फंस जाना zavoljeti, zaljubiti se beleesik vkibe jatuh cinta verða ástfanginn af, falla fyrir innamorarsi ～にほれこむ ...와 사랑에 빠지다 įsimylėti iemīlēties jatuh hati verliefd worden op falle for , forelske seg zakochać się خود خواه apaixonar-se a se îndrăgosti влюбляться zamilovať sa, zaľúbiť sa zaljubiti se (v koga) zaljubiti se falla för ตกหลุมรักกับ aşık olmak, tutulmak, vurulmak 愛上 покохати, полюбити کسی کی محبت میں گرفتار ہو جانا say mê ai 爱上", "*Tigrinya: አብ ልዕሊ ጣውላ [abː l:ali tawla] (\"at/on top table\"); አብ ትሕቲ ጣውላ [abː t:hti tawla] (\"at/on under table\")", "1. to try to win the love of; to woo. die hof maak يَتَوَدَّد، يَتَغَزَّل ухажвам cortejar dvořit se den Hof machen bejle til φλερτάρω cortejar , hacer la corte a kurameerima, kosima عشق بازی کردن؛ اظهار عشق کردن liehitellä courtiser לְחָזֵר प्यार हासिल करने की कोशिश करना udvarati udvarol vkinek memacari stíga í vænginn við corteggiare 求愛する 구애하다 merginti, pirštis, mylėtis parādīt uzmanību (sievietei) menggoda het hof maken gjøre kur til , beile , fri til zalecać się do عشق کول، اظهار cortejar a curta, a face curte ухаживать dvoriť dvoriti udvarati se uppvakta, fria till จีบ kur yapmak 求愛 домагатися чиєїсь прихильності عشق بازى كرنا tán tỉnh 求爱", "very willingly or sincerely. I hope with all my heart that you will be happy. van ganser harte, met jou hele hart من كُل قَلْبِه، بكُل إخْلاص с цялото си сърце de todo o coração z celého srdce von ganzem Herzen af hele ens hjerte με όλη μου την καρδιά de todo corazón kogu südamest از صميم دل koko sydämestä de tout coeur עִם כָּל הַלֵב पूरी ईमानदारी के साथ od sveg srca, rado teljes szívéből sepenuh hati af öllu hjarta di tutto cuore 心をこめて 온 정성을 다하여 iš visos širdies no visas sirds dgn setulus hati met zijn gehele hart med hele ens hjerte , fra dypet av hjertet z całego serca د زره له کومی de todo o coração din tot sufletul от всей души z celého srdca iz vsega srca svim srcem av hela sitt hjärta ทั้งใจ bütün kalbiyle 心甘情願地，由衷地 від щирого серця پوری توجہ اور خواہش سے thực lòng 全心全意地，十分愿意地", "I tell you a story. Here narro (1) ( / relate) is appropriate: fabulam tibi narro. I tell you about the message.", "# Instead of irga quanto, nula quanto and la tota quanto you usually say irgo, nulo and omno.", "Second, there are two forms listed for the 2 nd sg. passive, one is -ris which is easy to remember, but equally common is the by-form in -re. The problem is that amare \"you are loved\" looks like the present infinitive amare \"to love\" the very common Infinitive form, hence the two are constantly confused, with the infinitive coming out on top. Try to remember this because its a sure place for an bad mistake.", "La sol dice: \"io me appella sol. Io es multo brillante. Io me leva al est, e cuando io me leva, il es die. Io reguarda per tu fenestra con mi oculo brillante como le auro, e io te dice quando il es tempore a levar te. E io te dice: 'Pigro, leva te. Io non brilla a fin que tu resta al lecto a dormir, sed que tu lege e que tu te promena.'\"", "es (v.i.) [More or less rhymes with last syllable of \"café\"-don't pronounce the \"s\"] Form of être (to be) are (2nd person sing.) T'es paré? (Are you ready?).", "However, for the pronombre átono (that which uses the pronominal verbs and its complements without preposition) and for the possessive, they employ the forms of tuteo (te, tu, and tuyo), respectively: «Vos te acostaste con el tuerto» (Gené Ulf [Arg. 1988]); «Lugar que odio […] como te odio a vos» (Rossi María [C. Rica 1985]); «No cerrés tus ojos» (Flores Siguamonta [Guat. 1993]). In other words, in the previous examples the authors conjugate the pronoun subject vos with the pronominal verbs and its complements of tú.", "Some words all mean similar things, but with slightly different slants to the meaning. For example, mesto, dolente, triste and lacrimoso all mean \"sad\" - and you might translate them as \"mournful\", \"doleful\", \"sorrowful\" and \"tearful\" respectively, but for the purposes of an exam, it is useful to remember them all as \"sad\".", "Oh Dios, que habéis coronado con la gloria eterna al bienaventurado rey Eduardo, vuestro confesor, haced, os Lo suplicamos, que honrándolo en la tierra, podamos reinar un día con él en el cielo. Por J. C. N. S. Amén.", "\"Era uma vez e uma vez muito boa mesmo uma vaquinha-mu que vinha andando pela estrada e a vaquinha-mu que vinha andando pela estrada encontrou um garotinho engrachadinho chamado bebÃª tico-taco.\"" ]	[ 2.978515625, 2.978515625, -0.271484375, -2.296875, -2.5, -4.19140625, -4.51171875, -4.9609375, -5.20703125, -5.59375, -5.703125, -5.88671875, -6.453125, -6.51171875, -7.05078125, -7.26171875, -7.69140625, -7.9609375, -7.97265625, -8.171875, -8.25, -8.25, -8.40625, -9.1328125, -9.21875, -9.3359375, -9.8984375, -10.0625, -10.1875, -10.6796875, -10.8984375, -10.984375 ]
Which Elvis Presley film has the word love in the title and is the only one in which his character dies?	[ "This was Elvis Presley’s first movie role. Love Me Tender is the only film in which Presley’s character dies on-screen. Love Me Tender is also the only one in which Elvis did not get top billing. He came third, after Richard Egan and Debra Paget.", "In Love Me Tender, Elvis’s character dies. After the preview audiences reacted so badly to his character's fate, the film’s producers feared that this would cause a negative reaction on the films full release so re-wrote the ending showing a ghostly image of Elvis singing Love me Tender as the rest of the cast walk off into the Sunset.", "Elvis Presley's version of the song, which topped the British charts in 1962, has appeared in numerous other films, including the 2000 film Coyote Ugly, the 2002 Disney film Lilo & Stitch and the 2016 movie The Conjuring 2 and the Pilot Episode of Sons of Anarchy. Other films that feature the song include Overboard, Honeymoon in Vegas, The Thing Called Love, Was It Something I Said?, Fools Rush In, Love Stinks and Happily Ever After. The single is certified by the RIAA as a Platinum record, for US sales in excess of one million copies. In the United States, the Elvis Presley version of the song peaked at number two on the pop chart and went to number one on the Easy Listening chart for six weeks. ", "In an attempt to counter an 'adverse public reaction,' Twentieth Century-Fox shot an alternative ending in which Clint is spared. For reasons known only to the producers, this second ending was rejected. A compromise ending was used instead. Clint is killed as called for in the original script, but the final shot superimposed a ghostly close-up of Elvis as Clint crooning 'Love Me Tender' as his family slowly walks away from his grave. The fans were then left with a final image of Elvis doing what he was famous for...singing.", "In an attempt to counter an 'adverse public reaction,' Twentieth Century-Fox shot an alternative ending in which Clint is spared. For reasons known only to the producers, this second ending was rejected. A compromise ending was used instead. Clint is killed as called for in the original script, but the final shot superimposed a ghostly close-up of Elvis as Clint crooning 'Love Me Tender' as his family slowly walks away from his grave. The fans were then left with a final image of Elvis doing what he was famous for -- singing.", "Presley starred in thirty-three enormously profitable films, most of which were lighthearted comedic musicals. His first film, Love Me Tender, a western, was released in 1957. His film Loving You was released soon after. He then starred in Jailhouse Rock, playing an anti-hero character. For a while, Presley was one of Hollywood's highest-paid actors. He starred in King Creole, for which he deferred his Army service to star in. After his service, he starred in G.I. Blues He was cast in light, clean-cut roles during the 1960's, and Presley was not happy about it, since he aspired to be a serious actor. These feature films were generally poorly received by critics, often for \"them all being the same\", but still sold extremely well, and were popular with fans. Charro was an exception, as it did not feature music other than a title song. After his final feature film in 1969, the only Presley films released were concert documentaries, such as Elvis:That's the Way it Is.", "The footage of Elvis Presley singing 'Love Me Tender' at the end was shot after preview audiences reacted badly to his character's fate. This new footage created a continuity error, as Elvis had dyed his hair black by the time of the additional shooting, while in the movie his hair color was closer to blonde.", "Elvis Presley, who died on this date in 1977 at age 42, starred in 31 scripted motion pictures beginning with 1956's \"Love Me Tender\" and ending with a thud with 1969's \"Change of Habit.\"", "One thing that didn’t change was the fate of Elvis’ character. “Clint Reno” dies at the end of the film from gunfire, but the outcome didn’t test well, upsetting many of his fans. As a compromise between the death and pleasing his fans, Elvis filmed an extra scene and recorded an extra verse to the title track to be played over the end credits.", "Elvis Aaron Presley (January 8, 1935 – August 16, 1977) was an American musician and actor. Regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century, he is often referred to as \"the King of Rock and Roll\", or simply, \"the King\".", "After being discharged as a sergeant in 1960, Elvis underwent a style change, eschewing edgy, rhythm-and-blues-inspired material in favor of romantic, dramatic ballads such as \"Are You Lonesome Tonight?\" He retired from concerts to concentrate on his musical films, and he made 27 in the 1960s, including G.I. Blues (1960), Blue Hawaii (1961), Girls! Girls! Girls! (1962), Viva Las Vegas (1964), and Frankie and Johnny (1966). In 1967, he married Priscilla Beaulieu, and the couple had a daughter, Lisa Marie, in 1968.", "Presley returned to the Sullivan show at its main studio in New York, hosted this time by its namesake, on October 28. After the performance, crowds in Nashville and St. Louis burned him in effigy. [104 ] His first motion picture, Love Me Tender , was released on November 21. Though he was not top billed, the film's original title— The Reno Brothers —was changed to capitalize on his latest number one record: \"Love Me Tender\" had hit the top of the charts earlier that month. To further take advantage of Presley's popularity, four musical numbers were added to what was originally a straight acting role. The movie was panned by the critics but did very well at the box office. [96 ] Presley would receive top billing on every subsequent film he made.", "August 16, 1977 – Returning to Graceland and unable to sleep, Elvis takes another dose of medication and tries to read. He finally takes a copy of The Face Of Jesus into his dressing room / bathroom. Ginger tells him not to fall asleep and he replies “OK, I won’t.” Shortly after 2 PM Ginger awakes and when she realizes that Elvis is not in bed, she knocks on the bathroom door. When he doesn’t answer, she looks in to see Elvis curled up in a fetal position on the floor near the toilet. Ginger calls downstairs and Joe Esposito and Al Strada come running. They find Elvis with no color and no apparent signs of breathing. The fire department is called and ambulances rush to the scene. Elvis is taken to Baptist Hospital where he is pronounced dead at 3:30 PM.", "Was a die-hard fan of the music of Elvis Presley , who co-starred in two of his movies, Clambake (1967) and Speedway (1968). Long after Presley's death, he hosted two of the specials in Las Vegas called \"Is Elvis Alive?\".", "The enormous amount of press coverage also affected the film's conclusion. During production, fanzines leaked that Elvis's character was supposed to die near the end of the film. As originally shot, the final scene features Mother Reno solemnly ringing the dinner bell as her three remaining sons toil in the fields. Pain and loss are registered on the faces of Mother Reno and Cathy, who mourn the death of Clint. Elvis' legion of fans were disturbed by the news that their idol was to be killed off in his first film.", "The enormous amount of press coverage also affected the film's conclusion. During production, fanzines leaked that Elvis's character was supposed to die near the end of the film. As originally shot, the final scene features Mother Reno solemnly ringing the dinner bell as her three remaining sons toil in the fields. Pain and loss are registered on the faces of Mother Reno and Cathy, who mourn the death of Clint. Elvis' legion of fans were disturbed by the news that their idol was to be killed off in his first film.", "In nineteen sixty-four, Elvis Presley starred in a movie called \"Viva Las Vegas.\" Here he sings the title song from that movie.", "ELVIS PRESLEY: the King of Rock and Roll, died of heart failure at his Graceland Mansion on August 16, 1977. Between 1956 and 1981, Presley amassed an incredible total of 114 Top 40", "Off stage, Presley had continuing problems. In spite of his own infidelity, Presley was furious that Priscilla was having an affair with a mutual acquaintance—Mike Stone, a karate instructor she had met in 1971 backstage at one of Presley's concerts. [51] It was Presley himself who first suggested Priscilla should take lessons from Stone. [51] Once the news of their affair came to his attention, he raged obsessively: \"There's too much pain in me... Stone [must] die.\" [213] A bodyguard, Red West , felt compelled to get a price for a contract killing and was relieved when Presley decided: \"Aw hell... Maybe it's a bit heavy...\" [214] The Presleys separated on February 23, 1972 and divorced on October 9, 1973, agreeing to share custody of their daughter. In the months following their separation, Priscilla visited Elvis in Las Vegas where she claims that she forced himself upon her in his hotel room and said \"This is how a real man makes love to a woman.\". [215]", "Elvis was devastated when costar Judy Tyler and Gregory Lafayette, her husband of only a few months, were killed in a gruesome car crash near Billy the Kid, Wyoming. When told of the accident, Elvis broke down and cried. His reaction was disclosed to a reporter who wrote about it for the Memphis Commercial Appeal. Other papers around the country then picked up the incident. The article revealed a pensive young man, who murmured in an unguarded moment, 'I remember the last night I saw them. They were leaving on a trip...All of us boys really loved that girl. She meant a lot to all of us. I don't believe I can stand to see the movie we made together now...'", "Elvis Presley died in his Memphis mansion on 16 August 1977, at the age of 42.", "Though Elvis's weight and drug dependency were increasing, Elvis continued a steady flow of concert performances in sold-out arenas well into the 1970s. On August 16, 1977, the day before another concert tour was about to begin, Elvis was found dead in Graceland Mansion by his fiancée, Ginger Alden. The official cause of death was heart disease, although information revealed after his death about his drug dependency created a media event. His death caused worldwide scenes of mourning.", "About the film: Elvis is a film star visiting the Middle East. He is forced to help assassins who want to destroy the king. Meanwhile, he falls in love with the king's daughter.", "12. When Elvis discovered that his wife, Priscilla, had been having an affair with Mike Stone – a karate instructor and mutual friend of the couple – he flew into a rage. The biographer Peter Guralnick claims that Elvis was so angry, he said: “there’s too much pain in me ¿ Mike Stone [must] die.” But when his body-guard, Red West, came back to his boss with a price for Stone’s contract killing, the King’s mood had softened. “Aw hell,” he said. “Let’s just leave it for now. Maybe it’s a bit heavy.”", "Even though Elvis was scheduled for more appearances, Dec. 2-12, 1976, turned out to be his last engagement there. Elvis died of a heart attack on Aug. 16, 1977 at his Graceland mansion in Memphis, Tenn.", "He is an icon of modern American pop culture. In the late 1960s, Presley re-emerged as a live performer of old and new hit songs, both on tour and in Las Vegas, Nevada , where he was known for his on-stage highly energetic performances both vocally and physically, his sartorial jump-suits and capes adding to the drama. He attracted massive attendance figures. His concert performances were staggering in quantity, considering they numbered over 1,100 in 8 years. He continued to perform before sell-out audiences around the U.S. until his death in 1977. His death was premature at 42, despite alarming concerns about his health. When he died on August 16, 1977, it was a huge shock to his fans. However, it soon became clear that a combination of over-work, obesity, depression, bad diet and severe abuse of prescription drugs, accelerated his premature departure. However, much confusion, conflict, contradictions and general controversy still surrounds his death. Regardless, his popularity as a singer has survived his death.", "His talent, good looks, sensuality, charisma, and good humor endeared him to millions, as did the humility and human kindness he demonstrated throughout his life. Known the world over by his first name, he is regarded as one of the most important figures of twentieth century popular culture. Elvis died at his Memphis home, Graceland, on August 16, 1977. He was 42.", "Elvis ended his two-week run unable to capture success in Vegas, but that didn't end his relationship with the city. While he wouldn't return to a Las Vegas stage for 13 years, in 1963 he spent several weeks in town to film the hit movie \"Viva Las Vegas,\" which co-starred Ann-Margret.", "Presley never lived to see another No. 1 single. He died Aug. 16, 1977, of heart disease worsened by years of prescription drug abuse.", "Elvis Presley: 5 films to watch on the 37th anniversary of his death - LA Times", "I got to meet Elvis, an adorable, sweet Southern boy as charming as he could be. No wonder all the girls fell all over him.He was as wonderful in person as he was on the screen.He didn't want to make some of those films at all, but you know, you have to do what you have to do and now Elvis is gone, we're lucky we have what he did do.", "It's funny – because we didn't talk a great deal about him. That was one thing we never got around to. When I played Elvis, in 1979, then in 2001, a lot of people said to me “Boy, you must be a great Elvis fan”. When you play a real person you have parameters. When you play a famous person that everyone knows, now the parameters become very finite. It’s your job to go right up against the edges of those parameters. I said I worked with him, as a child, in 1962, but I did not know that much about his career or anything. I remember him distinctly, because I worked with him for two weeks on the movie and most of it was with him. I saw him off-camera a lot. But in 1979, I learned about him. And when I learned about him, I became a pretty decent Elvis fan. But nothing like Quentin, he probably knows everything about him. He knows about his music, he's probably seen all his movies. Yeah, so someday I'll say hey, tell me some of your feelings about Elvis." ]	[ 6.04296875, 3.287109375, 0.8955078125, 0.01248931884765625, -0.35888671875, -0.44091796875, -1.0283203125, -1.052734375, -1.228515625, -1.529296875, -1.697265625, -1.939453125, -1.9462890625, -2.005859375, -3.06640625, -3.06640625, -3.267578125, -3.345703125, -3.9609375, -3.9609375, -3.974609375, -4.17578125, -4.41015625, -4.8515625, -5.01171875, -5.15625, -5.77734375, -5.84765625, -6.05078125, -6.12109375, -6.39453125, -7.4296875 ]
Who discovered penicillin on Valentine's Day in 1929?	[ "You are all undoubtedly familiar with the story of penicillin. In all introductory text books, in the life science, the story always tells how penicillin was discovered accidentally, at St. Mary's Hospital, in London, by Dr. Alexander Fleming . Fleming was examining a culture of Staphylococcus aureus, a pathogenic bacterium on which he was doing some research, when he noticed that it had become contaminated by a species of Penicillium. Although, the species of the mold was unknown to Fleming, at the time, he did observe that it was inhibiting the bacterial growth . Fleming wrote a paper on his findings in 1929 and the rest is history. However, it was never that simple. Such a short summary really does not tell you the entire story, and in this case, says that Fleming's discovery of penicillin was one of chance and does not credit other people, who were just as deserving or more so in the development of penicillin for medicinal use.", "Sir Alexander Fleming was a young bacteriologist when an accidental discovery led to one of the great developments of modern medicine on this day in 1929. Having left a plate of staphylococcus bacteria uncovered, Fleming noticed that a mold that had fallen on the culture had killed many of the bacteria. He identified the mold as penicillium notatum, similar to the kind found on bread. On February 14, 1929, Fleming introduced his mold by-product called penicillin to cure bacterial infections.", " 1929-Thursday- And on the same day that gangsters were being mowed down in Chicago, Sir Alexander Fleming, a young Scottish bacteriologist working at St. Mary’s Hospital in London, announced his discovery of penicillin. In yet another serendipitous moment in science had discovered it by accident having left a plate of staphylococcus bacteria uncovered. Fleming noticed that a mold that had fallen on the culture had killed many of the bacteria. He identified the mold as penicillium notatum, similar to the kind found on bread. On February 14, 1929, Fleming introduced his mold by-product called penicillin to cure bacterial infections.", "Penicillin The world's first antibiotic; it was discovered in 1929 Fleming discovered penicillin in a culture of staphylococcus bacteria", "Ernst Chain (1906-1979) and two others were awarded the 1945 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. Chain identified the structure of penicillin, and isolated the active substance. He is considered to be one of the founders of the field of antibiotics. Concerning Darwin's theory of evolution, Chain found it to be \"a very feeble attempt\" to explain the origin of species based on assumptions so flimsy that \"it can hardly be called a theory.\"A He saw the reliance on chance mutations as a \"hypothesis based on no evidence and irreconcilable with the facts.\"B He wrote: \"These classic evolutionary theories are a gross oversimplification of an immensely complex and intricate mass of facts, and it amazes me that they were swallowed so uncritically and readily, and for such a long time, by so many scientists without a murmur of protest.\"B Chain concluded that he \"would rather believe in fairies than in such wild speculation\" as Darwinism.A He was born in Berlin, Germany, and obtained his Ph.D. in biochemistry and physiology there. He worked as a research scientist at Cambridge (also studying for a Ph.D. there), at Oxford University until 1948, and then as a professor and researcher at several other universities. In 1938, Chain came across Alexander Fleming's 1929 paper on penicillin, and showed it to his colleague Howard Florey. In their research, Chain isolated and purified penicillin.--Jerry Bergman, Ph.D. April 2008. Ernst Chain: Antibiotics Pioneer. Acts&Facts, Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 10-12.", "In 1928, bacteriologist Alexander Fleming made a chance discovery from an already discarded, contaminated Petri dish. The mold that had contaminated the experiment turned out to contain a powerful antibiotic, penicillin. However, though Fleming was credited with the discovery, it was over a decade before someone else turned penicillin into the miracle drug that has helped save millions of lives.", "The identification of penicillium mold by Dr. Alexander Fleming in 1928 is one of the best-known stories of medical discovery, not only because of its accidental nature, but also because penicillin has remained one of the most important and useful drugs in our arsenal, and its discovery triggered invaluable research into a range of other invaluable antibiotic drugs.", "While working at St Mary's Hospital in Paddington, London, Alexander Fleming noticed that a mould growing on a dish had stopped bacteria developing. Howard Florey and Ernst Chain developed penicillin further so it could be used as a drug, but it was not until World War Two that it began to be mass produced.", "Originally noticed by a French medical student, Ernest Duchesne, in 1896. Penicillin was re-discovered by bacteriologist Alexander Fleming working at St. Mary's Hospital in London in 1928. He observed that a plate culture of Staphylococcus had been contaminated by a blue-green mold and that colonies of bacteria adjacent to the mold were being dissolved. Curious, Alexander Fleming grew the mold in a pure culture and found that it produced a substance that killed a number of disease-causing bacteria.", "Many school children can recite the basics. Penicillin was discovered in London in September of 1928. As the story goes, Dr. Alexander Fleming, the bacteriologist on duty at St. Mary’s Hospital, returned from a summer vacation in Scotland to find a messy lab bench and a good deal more.", "Alexander Fleming (1881-1955) Scottish biologist who discovered penicillin. Shared Nobel Prize in 1945 with Howard Florey and Enrst Boris Chain, who helped produce penicillin on a large scale.", "Sir Alexander Fleming's 1928 discovery of penicillin in bread mold was a tremendous breakthrough for medical science. Unfortunately, Fleming's process for harvesting the antibiotic took months to generate a small amount. During World War II, as demand for penicillin rose, researchers worked feverishly to synthesize the penicillin molecule. More than a thousand scientists in 39 U.S. labs became involved in the project. But when the war ended and the molecule still had not revealed its structure, the funds for research ended. From 1948 to 1957 only one laboratory of continued the research-John Sheehan's. In March of 1957, while a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sheehan announced the first rational total synthesis of natural penicillin. The next year he reported a general total synthesis of penicillins.", "*Ernst Boris Chain (1906-1979) - joint winner of the 1945 Nobel Prize in Medicine for the discovery of penicillin. Blue Plaque at 9 North View, Wimbledon Common[http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/nav.001002006005/chooseLetter/B English Heritage - List of Blue Plaques, B]", "Though Fleming discovered penicillin, it took Florey and Chain to make it a usable product. Though both Fleming and Florey were knighted in 1944 and all three of them (Fleming, Florey and Chain) were awarded the 1945 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Fleming is still credited for discovering penicillin.", "1928 Alexander Fleming , Scottish bacteriologist who discovered the first antibiotic drug, penicillin, in 1928. In 1922 he had discovered lysozyme, an antibacterial enzyme present in saliva, nasal secretions, and tears. While studying this, he found an unusual mould growing on a neglected culture dish, which he isolated and grew into a pure culture; this led to his discovery of penicillin.", "Later on, he started his investigation about the positive and negative effects of penicillin on many organisms, and also noticed that some of the bacterium like staphylococci was affected by it. But, he also found out that penicillin did not quite have the required effect on typhoid or paratyphoid. Fleming went on to publish this amazing discovery of his in the year 1929 in the British Journal of Experimental Pathology, but this gained little or no attention at all. Nevertheless, he continued his research work and investigations. He had the impression that because of the problem of producing it in quantity, and because its action appeared to be rather slow, penicillin would not be effective in treating infection.", "It can be safely said that because of Fleming's accidental discovery of penicillin in the year 1928, the modern antibiotics came into being. Fleming also discovered very early that bacteria developed antibiotic resistance whenever too little penicillin was used or whenever it was used for short period of time.", "The American Chemical Society and Royal Society of Chemistry designated the Discovery and Development of Penicillin an International Historic Chemical Landmark on November 19, 1999, at the Alexander Fleming Laboratory Museum in London, UK. The plaque commemorating the event reads:", "Could this be the \"wonder drug\"? To Fleming, it was not. Though he saw its potential, Fleming was not a chemist and thus was unable to isolate the active antibacterial element, penicillin, and could not keep the element active long enough to be used in humans. In 1929, Fleming wrote a paper on his findings, which did not garner any scientific interest.", "Ironically, Fleming did little work on penicillin after his initial observations in 1928. Beginning in 1941, after news reporters began to cover the early trials of the antibiotic on people, the unprepossessing and gentle Fleming was lionized as the discoverer of penicillin. And much to the quiet consternation of Florey, the Oxford group’s contributions were virtually ignored.", "The manufacturing process for Penicillin G Procaine was invented by Howard Florey (1898–1968) and Ernst Chain (1906–1979). Penicillin could now be sold as a drug. Fleming, Florey, and Chain shared the 1945 Nobel Prize for medicine for their work on penicillin .", "The original announcement of the properties of penicillin was made in The British Journal of Experimental Pathology, Vol. X (1929), pp. 226 et seq. At the time, according to the printers, 150 offprints with printed orange wrappers were supplied to Fleming, paged as in the Journal printing. The same printers, in 1944, supplied the author with 250 more offprints, paged from 1 to 12 and without covers. The present copy is of this printing.", "Fleming did continue to use and advocate penicillin in the years following his initial discovery. But he saw the value of penicillin primarily in the context of bacteriology. Penicillin suppressed the growth of certain bacterial species, allowing one to selectively culture certain others (such as those causing influenza, acne and whooping cough). In this role penicillin became a valuable tool in the manufacture of vaccines--a major task Fleming managed at St. Mary's Hospital. Production of penicillin continued on a weekly basis throughout the 1930s, but all for purifying bacterial cultures. The penicillin was crude--good enough for Fleming's purpose, but hardly strong enough to destroy a serious human infection. Meanwhile, Fleming had turned his research to another group of chemical bactericides, the sulphonamides.", "British bacteriologist and Nobel laureate, best known for his discovery of penicillin. Born near Darvel, Scotland, and educated at Saint Mary's Hospital Medical School of the University of London, he served as professor of bacteriology at St. Mary's Hospital Medical School from 1928 to 1948, when he became professor emeritus.", "Still, Fleming did not follow through on his own \"discovery\" in ways that we might expect, knowing the current role and importance of penicillin. Fleming originally observed the action of penicillin in 1928. Yet he did not initiate clinical trials. Nor did he strongly advocate the use of penicillin in treating humans until 1940. The events during this twelve-year hiatus are perhaps the most telling in the history of penicillin.", "In a monthly column for PBS NewsHour, Dr. Howard Markel revisits moments that changed the course of modern medicine on their anniversaries, like the development of penicillin on Sept. 28, 1928. Above: Jean-Claude Fide is treated with penicillin by his mother in 1948. Photo by Bert Hardy/Picture Post", "As an added note on Paine. Paine would have an influence on someone who would be important in penicillin research a few years later. While still at Sheffield University, in 1932, he discussed his penicillin work with a newly arrived Professor of Pathology. The professor, said Paine \"took not the slightest interest at that time.\" Yet six years later, he was to begin a program of research that would lead to the mass production of penicillin. The Professor's name was Howard Florey who we will have much more to say about later.", "In 1930, Cecil George Paine, a pathologist at the Royal Infirmary in Sheffield, attempted to use penicillin to treat sycosis barbae, eruptions in beard follicles, but was unsuccessful. Moving on to ophthalmia neonatorum, a gonococcal infection in infants, he achieved the first recorded cure with penicillin, on November 25, 1930. He then cured four additional patients (one adult and three infants) of eye infections, and failed to cure a fifth. ", "William Harvey of Folkestone, in Kent, discovered the circulation of blood. The Lilly Research Centre in Windlesham, Berkshire, part of Eli Lilly, developed Olanzapine in 1996 (for bipolar disorder, selling around $5bn worldwide annually). Beecham Research Laboratories at Brockham Park in 1959 discovered meticillin (or methicillin), the first semi-synthetic penicillin (beta-lactamase stable), deriving from their discovery in 1958 of 6-APA, the core constituent; the team, led by Prof George Rolinson, won the Mullard Award in 1971. Bipyridine compounds (Paraquat-Gramoxone and Diquat) were discovered for herbicide use in 1954 by William Boon at ICI's Plant Protection division at Jealott's Hill, being released onto the market in 1958. AZT/Retrovir (zidovudine) was first manufactured by Wellcome in 1987 in Kent; they also introduced Zovirax (aciclovir), and the naturally-occurring digoxin, a cardiac glycoside. After a plane crashed near his house in Oxford in 1940, Sir Peter Medawar helped the injured pilot, and in the process discovered homograft rejection, leading to organ transplantation using azathioprine. Viagra (Sildenafil) was synthesized at Pfizer in Sandwich, Kent.", "1941 The search for a way to produce penicillin in quantities that could be used for medicine moved from Oxford, England, to Peoria, Illinois in the United States. The search was on for moulds. A local woman, Mary Hunt, brought in a mouldy cantaloupe from a fruit market. This doubled the yield. By 1943 penicillin was being used succesfully on war wounds.", "When penicillin was discovered in 1928, this was a major change in medical history. It ignited the antibiotic era. The results brought out new drugs and these convinced physicians that highly infectious disease could be wiped out someday.", "13/2/1941, The ï¿½miracle drugï¿½ penicillin was used on a human for the first time; a policeman from Oxford, UK. However he died on 15/3/1941 because not enough was available. See 31/12/1943." ]	[ 5.125, 4.57421875, 4.5390625, 3.373046875, 3.056640625, 2.40234375, 2.0078125, 1.9033203125, 1.6572265625, 1.6044921875, 1.525390625, 1.328125, 1.2265625, 1.0947265625, 1.005859375, 0.8212890625, 0.414306640625, 0.308837890625, -0.00739288330078125, -0.525390625, -0.541015625, -0.794921875, -0.79833984375, -0.98974609375, -1.2783203125, -1.3837890625, -1.46484375, -1.802734375, -2.224609375, -3.16015625, -3.6875, -5.6484375 ]
What was the name of the car in the film The Love Bug?	[ "The Love Bug (sometimes referred to as Herbie the Love Bug) is a 1968 American comedy film and the first in a series of films made by Walt Disney Productions that starred an anthropomorphic pearl-white, fabric-sunroofed 1963 Volkswagen racing Beetle named Herbie. It was based on the 1961 book Car, Boy, Girl by Gordon Buford.", "The Love Bug, sometimes referred to as Herbie the Love Bug is the first in a series of comedy films made by Walt Disney Productions that starred an anthropomorphic pearl-white, fabric-sunroofed 1963 Volkswagen racing Beetle named Herbie. It was based on the 1961 book Car, Boy, Girl by Gordon Buford. The movie follows the adventures of Herbie, Herbie's driver Jim Douglas, and Jim's love interest, Carole Bennett. It also features Buddy Hackett as Jim's enlightened, kind-hearted friend, Tennessee Steinmetz, a character who creates \"art\" from used car parts. English actor David Tomlinson portrays the villainous Peter Thorndyke, owner of an auto showroom and an SCCA national champion who sells Herbie to Jim and eventually becomes Jim's racing rival.", "1969 - The Love Bug, a popular Disney movie, was released on this day for the first time. It was a movie that featured the Volkswagen Beetle, a very popular German car. ", "The Love Bug (1969), sometimes referred to as Herbie the Love Bug is the first in a series of comedy films made by Walt Disney Productions that starred an anthropomorphic pearl-white, fabric-sunroofed 1963 Volkswagen racing Beetle named Herbie. It was based on the 1961 book Car, Boy, Girl by Gordon Buford.", "Herbie is probably the most recognised VW Beetle in the world. Herbie is a self-controlled white Beetle, with red, white and blue racing stripes which go from his bumper all the way across the top to his back bumper. Herbie burst onto the scene in 1968 in the feature film The Love Bug, which saw the loveable Beetle being snubbed by a socialite, but then was found by Jim Douglas who saw Herbie’s potential. This VW Beetle has a mind of his own, and turned out to be a serious racing contender, winning his owner numerous races. People couldn’t get enough of Herbie, which is why this franchise of movies has done so well and has spanned over five decades. Other feature films include Herbie Rides Again, Herbie Goes to Monte Carlo, Herbie Goes Bananas and more recently in 2005, Herbie: Fully Loaded, featuring Lindsey Lohan. There have also been several animated television series of Herbie throughout the years, showing that this Beetle isn’t just fun car, but it has turned into an iconic model which is still as popular as ever.", "The Love Bug (1969) - This was the first of several movies to feature Herbie, the Volkswagen Beetle which could do anything. In one of the sequels (Herbie Goes to Monte Carlo) one of the turbo-charged VW cars driven by Steve McQueen in the aforementioned Le Mans was repainted and used again.", "Herbie is an anthropomorphic 1963 Volkswagen Beetle, a character that is featured in several Disney motion pictures starting with the 1968 feature film The Love Bug . He has a mind of his own and is capable of driving himself, and is a serious contender in auto racing competitions. Throughout most of the franchise, Herbie is distinguished by red, white and blue racing stripes from front to back bumper, a racing-style number \"53\" on the front trunk lid, doors, and engine lid, and a yellow-on-black '63 California license plate that says, \"OFP 857\". One exception to this is his introduction in The Love Bug, where he initially appears as a nondescript white vehicle with a gray colored fabric sunroof (a.k.a. \"ragtop\"), the style of sunroof offered on VW Beetles made through 1963.", "The most recent Herbie the Love Bug film was made in 1995, and starred Lindsay Lohan. The car she drove in the film is in the collection of the Peterson Automotive Museum, located in Los Angeles, and only an hour from where I live. As I have never been there, I do believe a visit is in order to go see Herbie as soon as the Museum reopens following renovations! (Photos of Herbie from the Museum’s collection).", "Before production of The Love Bug began Herbie wasn't always going to be a 1963 Volkswagen Beetle to begin with. In order to find the right car to play Herbie they had a casting of cars parked outside the studio, they had Toyotas, a TVR, a handful of Volvos, an MG and a pearl white Volkswagen Beetle.", "Herbie's performance ranged through out the films. In \"The Love Bug,\" at least one Herbie was equipped with a 356 Porsche engine, Others used modified VW Bus engines. Some Herbies featured Porsche brakes. In Herbie Goes To Monte Carlo several Herbies were fitted with high performance 1835cc Volkswagen engines with 2 barrel Holley carburators. ", "Herbie The Love Bug was a 1963 Volkswagen Beetle deluxe ragtop sedan painted in Volkswagen L87 pearl white. Under normal circumstances, the interior would be a matching white. However, Herbie's interior was painted a special non-reflective grey color so the camera and studio lights would not reflect. See more »", "The film uses notable vehicles as plot devices. Palfrey foolishly buys a \"1924 4-litre Swiftmobile\" from the crooked \"Winsome Welshmen\". Later in the film he succeeds in trading the car back to them for an ex-works Austin-Healey 100-six and £100. The \"Swiftmobile\" was in fact based upon a 1928 4½ litre Open four-seater Bentley, with a custom two-seat open body. The car, minus the body, was sold by the studio in 1961 for £50, and re-sold (with new body) at an auction in 2003 for £110,000. The Austin-Healey 100-six used in the film was passed in at auction in the 1970s at around £30,000. The car driven by Terry-Thomas, called a \"new Bellini\", is in fact a disguised Aston Martin DB3S.", "A well-known publicity photo for The Love Bug. Note that the \"53\" racing number is missing from Herbie's open door.", "The movie also made a star out of Benjamin Braddock's graduation present: a bright-red Alfa Romeo Duetto Spider. Alfa Romeo had been making racecars for decades—even Enzo Ferrari drove an Alfa before he began building his own racers—but had never sold very many in the United States. (American customers preferred larger cars, and when they did buy smaller sports cars they tended to buy them from British manufacturers like MG and Triumph.) But the 1967 Duetto Spider, a two-seat convertible roadster, was a real beauty: It had a sharp nose and a rounded, tapered rear end, glass-covered headlights, and what designers called a \"classic scallop\" running down the side. It handled well, could go from 0 to 60 miles per hour in about 10 seconds, and got 23 miles per gallon of gas.", "The vehicle Wallace drives in the film is an Austin A35 van. In collaboration with Aardman in the spring of 2005, a road-going replica of the model was created by brothers Mark and David Armé, founders of the International Austin A30/A35 Register, for promotional purposes. In a 500-man-hour customisation, an original 1964 van received a full body restoration before being dented and distressed to perfectly replicate the model van used in the film. The official colour of the van is Preston Green, named in honour of Nick Park’s home town. The name was chosen by the Art Director and Mark Armé.", "The Love Bug is the fifth film in the series. It is often incorrectly considered a remake of the first film as it has the same name.", "Ramone (voiced by Cheech Marin ) is a 1959 Chevrolet Impala Lowrider who owns the Ramone's Paint and Body Art store, where he paints himself and other cars, including Lightning McQueen later in the film. His license plate reads \"L0WNSL0\", which is a reference to his catchphrase, \"Low and slow.\" He is married to Flo , whose restaurant is next door to his store. Ramone is usually depicted as purple with a yellow and orange flame job, but throughout the film he changes his paint job every morning to keep his skills sharp, owing to a lack of customers. This situation changes after Radiator Springs becomes vibrant again.", "Over the years Herbie is passed down from owner to owner, competing in many races, until he is bought by Maggie Peyton (Lindsay Lohan) in Herbie: Fully Loaded (2005), eventually to compete in a demolition derby and NASCAR races. In this film, Herbie falls in love with a yellow Volkswagen New Beetle.", "Unlike the car Dan Aykroyd, Ernie Hudson, Bill Murray and the late Harold Ramis drove in the original movies, this Ecto-1 model has ditched the vintage 1959 Cadillac Miller-Meteor ambulance/hearse chassis and retro fins for a more boxy, station-wagon look that harks back to the era the original movie was filmed. Fans on Twitter claimed it's either a 1983 Cadillac Superior or a 1984 Cadillac Fleetwood , both hearses.", "Additionally, Herbie was running on standard wheels yet again. Volkswagen also promoted the film by having a Type 1 Beetle, complete with Herbie livery, in every showroom. There are various model errors in this film, such as the later \"big window\" (post-1964) Beetles being used. Also of note is the \"cut-n-shut\" engine cover after the warehouse break-in. The Beetle used was a late model, having a more bulbous flat-bottomed lid with an earlier rounded bottom edge welded on.", "The DeLorean DMC-12 is a sports car that was originally manufactured in Northern Ireland by John DeLorean 's DeLorean Motor Company for the American market in 1981–1982. It is most commonly known simply as the DeLorean, as it was the only model ever produced by the company. The DMC-12 featured gull-wing doors with a fiberglass \"underbody\", to which non-structural brushed stainless steel panels were affixed. A modified version of the car became iconic for its appearance as a time machine in the Back to the Future film franchise.", "An icon of Britain’s Swinging Sixties that became a fashion statement, playing a starring role alongside Michael Caine in The Italian Job (1969). Many celebrities of that era drove customised versions, including the super-luxury Mini de Ville, produced to Rolls Royce limousine standards by the Harold Radford coach building company for the likes of Britt Ekland, John Lennon, Marianne Faithfull, and a psychedelic version for George Harrison which appeared in The Beatles movie, Magical Mystery Tour. The Mini’s spacesaving front-wheel-drive layout, allowing 80 per cent of the floorplan to be used for passengers and luggage, influenced a generation of car-makers. The distinctive two-door car was manufactured by the British Motor Corporation’s Longbridge and Cowley plants. Later, the sportier Mini Cooper and Cooper S were successful rally cars. The car still enjoys superstar status through BMW, whose one millionth Mini rolled off its Oxford production line in 2007. The car continues to appeal to the new tech-savvy generation, and has appeared in Lara Croft: Tomb Raider (2001) as a collectible fashion icon.", "This 1970s era Volkswagen Beetle was discovered living with an attractive growth of weeds in eastern North Carolina. The Beetle was enormously popular in the U.S. through more than three decades reaching 15 million sales in 1972 setting an all-time sales record surpassing the previous record holder, the Ford Model T. (Photo by Ralph Gable)", "Owner Bill Gibson feeds a faux shark tail to his 1958 Plymouth Fury \"Christine\" in Pensacola, FL on Thursday, July 28, 2016. This car was used in the 1983 movie \"Christine\" and is featured in \"Sharknado 4.\" ", "Of the twenty cars used in the film, only two still exist. One is a stunt vehicle with a manual transmission and now resides in the hands of a private California collector. The other vehicle was rescued from a junkyard and restored by collector Bill Gibson of Pensacola, Florida. ", "Owner Bill Gibson with his 1958 Plymouth Fury that used in the 1983 movie \"Christine\" in Pensacola, FL on Thursday, July 28, 2016. The car is featured in \"Sharknado 4.\" ", "Set in the 1910s, the story opens with a montage of European Grand Prix races in which a particular car appears to win every race. In the final race during a thunderstorm, the car swerves to avoid a girl and her dog, loses control, crashes, and explodes and catches fire, ending its racing career. The car ends up in an old garage in rural England, where two children, Jeremy (Adrian Hall) and Jemima Potts (Heather Ripley), have grown fond of it. However, they are told by a man in the junkyard that he intends to buy the car from the garage owner, Mr. Coggins (Desmond Llewelyn), for scrap. The children (who live with their widowed father Caractacus Potts (Dick Van Dyke), an eccentric inventor, and his equally peculiar father) implore their father to buy the car before the junkman does, but he refuses to have the money. While playing hooky from school, they meet Truly Scrumptious (Sally Ann Howes), a beautiful upper class woman with her very own motorcar. She brings them home to report their truancy to their father. Although Truly is interested in Caractacus' odd inventions, he is affronted by her insistence that his children are supposed to be in school.", "To commemorate its passing the Ford Model T's record sales mark and its victories in the Baja 1000 Mexican races from 1967-1971, Volkswagen produced its first limited-edition Beetle. It was marketed as the ''Baja Champion SE'' in the United States and the ''Marathon'' Superbeetle in the rest of the world. It featured unique ''Marathon Blau'' metallic blue paint, steel-pressed 10-spoke 15-inch mag wheels, a commemorative metal plate mounted on the glovebox and a certificate of authenticity presented to the original purchaser. Dealer-installed options for this limited-edition Superbeetle included the following: white stripes running the length of the rocker-panel, a special shifter knob, bumper overriders, tapered exhaust tips, fake walnut inserts in the dash (behind the steering wheel and the glovebox cover) as well as Bosch fog lights mounted to the front bumper.", "Advertising – Volkswagen ties into the latest Disney movie with this print advertisement… “ Volkswagen gives you the reasons why its bug is the star of a new movie – why would a big film studio like Walt Disney want to make a movie star out of a bug? Once signed up, it won’t suddenly start making crazy demands (a gallon of gas for every 27 miles or so is all)… No studio could ask for a less temperamental star (it’ll work any time, anywhere and in any weather)… Or one that ages so gracefully … And of course, there isn’t a performer around that’s better known to the public – more than 3 million personal appearances on the road each day.”", "Several special-edition DMC-12 cars have been produced over the years, and the car is most notably featured as the time machine in the Back to the Future trilogy . The PRV engines of the cars were swapped out for more powerful Porsche engines. Four De Lorean chassis were used during the production (i.e. exterior scene, stripped down for interior scenes, one decked out with time travel equipment, and one that was \"wrecked\" by the train).", "Two cars were made to be used in the 1964 film, and one has since disappeared.", "• What make of car served as Marty McFly's time machine in the film Back to the Future? DeLorean" ]	[ 5.4609375, 5.32421875, 5.015625, 4.796875, 4.1796875, 3.92578125, 3.064453125, 2.447265625, 1.8564453125, 1.5087890625, 1.4384765625, -2.07421875, -2.080078125, -2.517578125, -2.66015625, -2.6796875, -2.6953125, -3.16796875, -3.4453125, -3.474609375, -3.759765625, -3.85546875, -5.234375, -5.3984375, -5.46484375, -5.48046875, -6.11328125, -6.23046875, -6.31640625, -6.45703125, -6.75390625, -6.8828125 ]

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