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37_2 | Formation
The company was founded in 1989 by Garth Drabinsky and Myron Gottlieb, former chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of Cineplex Odeon Corporation. Following an internal struggle within the company, the Drabinsky and Gottlieb purchased its live entertainment division for Can$88 million CAD (borrowing $65m to fund the purchase), spawning an independent business, Live Entertainment of Canada Inc. The name, later shortened to Livent Inc., was originally intended as a placeholder (based on the fact that the company was formed from the live entertainment division of Cineplex Odeon), but Drabinsky and Gottlieb ultimately kept it. With the purchase they acquired the Pantages Theatre in Toronto (now known as the Ed Mirvish Theatre) and the Canadian rights to the popular musical The Phantom of the Opera. |
37_3 | Livent became a publicly traded company in May 1993 with a stock offering that raised $40 million. This made it the first publicly traded company whose primary business was live theatre.
Business endeavours
Livent pursued a three-pronged business model which Drabinsky referred to as 'reproduction, restoration, and origination':
Reproduction Acquiring the rights to stage successful current musicals in other markets. Examples included the Toronto production of Phantom of the Opera, and touring productions of Phantom and Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat
Restoration Staging revivals of classic shows such as Show Boat
Origination Funding new shows such as the musicals Kiss of the Spider Woman and Ragtime, and the play Barrymore |
37_4 | In addition, Livent acquired several theatres, beginning in Toronto and expanding to Vancouver, Chicago, and, most notably, the Ford Center for the Performing Arts in New York City, the result of an ambitious 1998 project to construct a large new theatre to house the Ragtime on Broadway.
Spending and accounting practices |
37_5 | Livent became known for its lavish and ambitious productions. Their 1994 revival of Show Boat was speculated to be, at the time, the most expensive production ever on Broadway, with an investment of over US$10 million and ongoing costs of $600,000 per week (a more typical cost for a Broadway revival at the time was around $3 million). Show Boat also became the most expensive show to see on Broadway, with standard orchestra tickets priced at $75 (a price point that other shows eventually followed). Livent was noted for "unprecedented ad blitzes", including frequent full-page ads in the New York Times. The company was also known for paying its actors high salaries, a practice which made it unpopular with other theatre producers (who, unlike Livent, typically negotiated actors' compensation through the League of American Theaters and Producers). |
37_6 | As early as 1994, commentators noted Livent's unusual accounting practices. Livent amortized the pre-production costs of its musicals over a five-year period (as long as the production continued to run), rather than reporting them immediately. This was a legal accounting practice, but aroused suspicion from insiders because it was "unheard of" in the theatre industry. In 1994, Livent kept its Broadway production of Kiss of the Spider Woman open for several months after it had ceased to cover its weekly operating costs. It was widely believed that this was done in order to delay reporting the production's loss on the company's balance sheet, though Drabinsky disputed this.
Industry insiders also noted that Livent did not include advertising costs when reporting the cost of a show, and that they included group sales when reporting ticket sales figures. Both practices were out of step with the norm among Broadway producers.
Decline and fall |
37_7 | On April 13, 1998, Garth Drabinsky stepped down as CEO, and was replaced by Michael Ovitz, former president of the Walt Disney Company, who had spent US$20 million for a controlling stake of Livent. On August 10, Livent announced they had discovered serious 'accounting irregularities', and would need to release revised earnings statements going back to 1996. While the irregularities were being investigated, Drabinsky and Gottlieb were suspended as employees, and trading of Livent's stock temporarily ceased. On November 18, 1998, Livent released corrected financial statements for 1996 through the second quarter of 1998, showing that their debts were greater than their assets. The same day, they filed for US bankruptcy protection in a Manhattan court. The company's stock resumed trading November 20, plummeting to a share price of 50 cents from its previous price of Can$10.15 when trading was halted. In August 1999, Livent's assets were sold off to American company SFX Entertainment for |
37_8 | an estimated US$97 million. |
37_9 | Subsequent events
Insolvency proceedings
In November 1998, Livent sought bankruptcy protection in the US and Canada, claiming a debt of $334 million.
In April 2014, Livent's special receiver obtained judgment against Deloitte & Touche LLP for $84,750,000 in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice, in relation to Deloitte's failure to exercise its duty of care with respect to the audit of Livent's financial statements during 19931998. The ruling was upheld by the Ontario Court of Appeal in January 2016, but in December 2017, the Supreme Court of Canada in Deloitte & Touche v Livent Inc (Receiver of) allowed an appeal in part, declaring that liability existed only in respect of Deloitte's negligence in conducting the audit for Livent's 1997 fiscal year, and accordingly reduced the amount of damages awarded to $40,425,000.
Criminal proceedings |
37_10 | In January, 1999, Livent's former chairman Garth Drabinsky and president Myron Gottlieb were indicted in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York on charges they personally misappropriated $4.6 million in company funds and "cooked the books" to hide enormous losses from investors. Arrest warrants are outstanding with respect to the US criminal proceedings, but double jeopardy rules prevent US extradition proceedings from taking place, because of the conviction in Canadian courts.
On March 25, 2009, Drabinsky and Gottlieb were found guilty of fraud and forgery in Ontario Superior Court for misstating the company's financial statements between 1993 and 1998. On August 5, 2009, Drabinsky and Gottlieb were sentenced to jail terms of seven and six years, respectively. |
37_11 | Drabinsky filed an appeal in the Ontario Court of Appeal with respect to his sentence on September 3, 2009. During that appeal, he remained free on bail. On September 13, 2011, the Court of Appeal, while upholding the convictions, reduced Drabinsky's sentence to 5 years. Drabinsky appealed to the Supreme Court of Canada, and the application was dismissed without costs on March 29, 2012. Drabinsky was originally held at Millhaven Institution for assessment. In December 2011, he was transferred to serve out his sentence at Beaver Creek Institution, a minimum security prison, located in Gravenhurst, Ontario, and was released on day parole in February 2013. Drabinsky was granted full parole on January 20, 2014, and completed his sentence in September 2016. |
37_12 | Civil proceedings
In 2005, former investors in Livent corporate bonds won a $23.3 million settlement against Drabinsky and Gottlieb in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, for which enforcement of the judgment was upheld by the Ontario Court of Appeal in 2008, but the judgment was still unpaid in 2012.
Regulatory proceedings
In January 1999, Livent reached an administrative settlement with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, while civil and criminal proceedings were simultaneously pursued against Drabinsky, Gottlieb and certain other former Livent employees. |
37_13 | Administrative proceedings were initiated against Livent, Drabinsky and others by the Ontario Securities Commission in 2001, and they were suspended in 2002 until all outstanding criminal proceedings had been completed. In February 2013, the OSC announced that proceedings were to be withdrawn against Livent and another party, and that hearings would take place on March 19, 2013, in the remainder of the matter. Myron Gottlieb and Gordon Eckstein, who were other parties in the proceedings, subsequently entered into settlement agreements with the OSC in September 2014 and May 2015 respectively.
in 2017, the Ontario Securities Commission permanently banned Drabinsky from becoming a director or officer of any public company in Ontario. The OSC also prohibited him from acting as an investment promoter, and banned him from trading securities (other than as a retail investor, for trades within his RRSP or through a registered dealer for accounts in his name only).
Notes
References |
37_14 | External links
Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia - Livent
Accounting scandals
Entertainment companies established in 1989
1989 establishments in Ontario
Entertainment companies disestablished in 1999
1999 disestablishments in Ontario
Companies that have filed for bankruptcy in Canada
Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 1998
Theatre companies in Toronto
Theatre production companies
Fraud in Canada |
38_0 | Shinji Kagawa ( Kagawa Shinji ; born 17 March 1989) is a Japanese professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Belgian First Division A club Sint-Truiden and the Japan national team. He is widely regarded as one of the best Japanese players of all time. Kagawa began his professional career in his homeland with Cerezo Osaka before joining Borussia Dortmund in 2010. After two years with Dortmund, Kagawa signed for Manchester United on a four-year contract. Two years later, he returned to Dortmund. Kagawa holds the records for most appearances and goals by a Japanese player in UEFA club competitions.
Since making his senior international debut in May 2008, he has won over 90 caps and scored over 30 goals. On 29 November 2012, Kagawa was named Asian Football Confederation International Player of the Year. |
38_1 | Club career
Kagawa was born in Kobe, Hyōgo Prefecture. He started playing football at the age of five. He joined Marino Football Club from 1994 to 1999, Kobe NK Football Club from 1999 to 2001, and FC Miyagi Barcelona in Sendai from 2001 to 2005.
Cerezo Osaka
Cerezo Osaka noticed his talent and signed him at the age of 17. He was the first player in Japan to sign a professional contract before graduating from high school, except players promoted from youth teams of the J.League clubs. In 2007, he gained a regular position but the club missed promotion to the J.League Division 1. It was in 2009 that he became the top scorer of J.League Division 2 and drew widespread attention.
Borussia Dortmund
2010–11 season |
38_2 | In the summer of 2010, Kagawa transferred from Cerezo to Borussia Dortmund for €350,000. The relatively modest cost of the transfer was because of a release clause in Kagawa's contract with Cerezo, which allowed him to leave the club cheaply if he had an opportunity to play in Europe.
On 23 August 2010, he made his debut appearance in the Bundesliga, starting for his new club Dortmund. After scoring his first two competitive goals for the club in the UEFA Europa League qualifying tie against Qarabağ FK, he continued this form with his first goal in the Bundesliga match against VfL Wolfsburg, which Dortmund won 2–0. In the Revierderby against arch-rivals Schalke 04, which Dortmund won 3–1, Kagawa claimed pre-match that he would score two goals; he accomplished the feat, making him a fan favourite in the process. |
38_3 | Kagawa missed half of the Bundesliga season because of an injury he picked up on international duty with Japan, but managed to score eight goals in 18 appearances. His strong effort in the first half of the season helped his side finish as champions of the Bundesliga, and he was even named in the Bundesliga Best XI. |
38_4 | 2011–12 season
Kagawa was back in time for the start of the 2011–12 Bundesliga campaign and quickly found his way back into the starting line-up. Kagawa scored his first goal of the new Bundesliga season on 18 September, coming on in a disappointing 2–1 loss to Hannover 96, as Dortmund gave up two goals in the last three minutes. On 22 October, Kagawa opened the scoring in the seventh minute as Dortmund crushed 1. FC Köln 5–0 in front of 80,200 home fans at the Signal Iduna Park. Kagawa scored again on 5 November, as Dortmund brushed aside VfL Wolfsburg 5–1 and moved within two points of league leaders Bayern Munich. Kagawa scored a late consolation against Arsenal in a 2–1 loss in the group stage of the Champions League. |
38_5 | On 28 January 2012, Kagawa scored twice in Dortmund's 3–1 win against Hoffenheim. Kagawa scored the only goal of the game against Werder Bremen on 17 March, heading in a pass from İlkay Gündoğan in the eighth minute. Kagawa scored two goals in Dortmund's 6–1 thrashing of Cologne on 25 March, keeping Dortmund five points ahead of Bayern in the title race. Kagawa won the Bundesliga with Borussia Dortmund in 2012 as they set a Bundesliga record scoring the most points in a season in the Bundesliga, with 81. Kagawa also scored a goal and provided an assist for Dortmund against rivals Bayern Munich in the 2012 DFB-Pokal Final. He scored a total of 13 goals and had 8 assists during that season.
Manchester United |
38_6 | On 5 June 2012, it was announced by Manchester United that the club had reached an agreement with Borussia Dortmund and Kagawa for his transfer, a deal that made him the first Japanese player to join the club. The fee was reported to be an initial £12 million, with a further £5 million in possible add-ons. The transfer was completed on 22 June after Kagawa passed his medical at Manchester United and received his UK work permit. On 3 July, it was revealed that Kagawa would wear the number 26 shirt for United. Kagawa spoke about his former club, Borussia Dortmund, saying, "I will carry this club, their great fans, and the whole city in my heart forever and will follow their results with great interest." |
38_7 | On 18 July 2012, Kagawa was handed a two-minute appearance to mark his Manchester United debut in Durban, South Africa, against AmaZulu in a pre-season friendly match. Kagawa made his first start for the Red Devils against Ajax Cape Town on 21 July 2012, and scored his first goal against Shanghai Shenhua four days later. He made his Premier League debut on 20 August 2012, playing the full 90 minutes of United's 1–0 defeat away to Everton. He scored his first goal against Fulham on 25 August in his home debut for the club. After Tom Cleverley's shot was parried by Fulham goalkeeper Mark Schwarzer, Kagawa scored on the rebound from close range. On 19 September, Kagawa was given his first Champions League start as United played against Galatasaray. He provided an assist for the winning goal scored by Michael Carrick in a 1–0 win. On 23 October, he set up Javier Hernández for United's first goal in an eventual 3–2 Champions League victory against Braga. In that match, however, he twisted |
38_8 | his knee, which left him sidelined for two months. Kagawa returned from injury in January 2013. |
38_9 | On 2 March 2013, Kagawa scored his first hat-trick for United and also became the first Asian player to score a hat-trick in the Premier League, in his team's 4–0 home win against Norwich City. On 22 April, Kagawa played a part in the title-winning match against Aston Villa in which United won 3–0; he became the first Japanese player to win a Premier League title. On 12 May, Kagawa was included in the United squad to play against Swansea City in Alex Ferguson's last home game before retirement, which United won 2–1. On the same day, Kagawa received his Premier League medal and was voted Man of the Match. |
38_10 | Return to Dortmund
On 31 August 2014, Kagawa officially returned to his former club, Borussia Dortmund, for an undisclosed fee thought to be around £6.5 million and signing a contract until 30 June 2018. He was assigned the shirt number 7 which was vacated by Jonas Hofmann who had left Dortmund to 1. FSV Mainz 05 on loan. On his return debut, Kagawa scored a goal and set up another to help Dortmund win 3–1 against SC Freiburg.
On 14 July 2017, Kagawa extended his contract with Dortmund until 2020.
In the first half of the 2018–19 season, a combination of injury and coach Lucien Favre's preference to play Marco Reus as a central attacking midfielder meant Kagawa played just four times for Dortmund. That led to Kagawa joining Turkish club Beşiktaş on loan for the remainder of the season. |
38_11 | Zaragoza
On 9 August 2019, Kagawa completed a transfer to Real Zaragoza of Spain's Segunda División, penning a two-year contract. He debuted for the club on 17 August 2019, in the 2019–20 Segunda División opening match against Tenerife at La Romareda, which Zaragoza won 2–0. Eight days later, he scored his first goal in a 1–1 draw against Ponferradina.
On 2 October 2020, Kagawa's contract was terminated by Zaragoza.
PAOK
On 27 January 2021, Kagawa joined Super League Greece club PAOK on a one-and-a-half-year contract. On 18 December 2021, due to not being part of Razvan Lucescu's plans, despite some opportunities at the start of the 2021-22 season, Kagawa mutually terminated his contract with the club and for no recompense for the remaining six months. Kagawa left PAOK almost after a year, having only 12 appearances in competitive games, of which only three were as a starter.
Sint-Truiden
On 10 January 2022, Kagawa signed with the Belgian club Sint-Truiden. |
38_12 | International career
Kagawa played as a member of the Japan national under-20 football team in the 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup held in Canada.
In 2008, he was also selected to play as a member of the Japanese team for the 2008 Summer Olympics.
On 24 May 2008, he made his senior international debut in a friendly Kirin Cup match. Japan won the match against Ivory Coast 1–0. However, was not selected in Takeshi Okada's final 23 squad for the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa. In September 2010, he scored the only goal of the game in Japan's win over Paraguay in Yokohama.
Kagawa was included in the 2011 AFC Asian Cup by coach Alberto Zaccheroni. In the quarter-final against Qatar, he scored two goals. The game ended in 3–2 win for Japan. In the semi-final against South Korea, Kagawa broke his metatarsal bone and missed the final where Japan beat Australia after extra-time. |
38_13 | Kagawa was named in Japan's 23-man squad for the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup and scored the second goal for his country during the group stage match against Italy, which ended in a 4–3 loss. He was selected for his first World Cup in 2014, but made little impact as the "Samurai Blue" was eliminated at the group stage.
At the 2015 AFC Asian Cup, Kagawa scored Japan's second goal during a 2–0 defeat of Jordan in the group stage and was named as man of the match.
Kagawa participated in Japan's quarter-final match against the United Arab Emirates. After the match ended 1–1 after extra time, Kagawa, who was Japan's final kicker in the penalty shoot-out, hit the post with his kick, as Japan ended up losing the shoot-out 5–4. |
38_14 | Style of play
A technically and creatively gifted player, Kagawa is a versatile attacking midfielder who primarily plays in a playmaking role. He can additionally play on either the left or right flank. Kagawa has good composure on the ball and disciplined decision making and passing. He is an agile player who tends to roam around the opponents' defense looking for an intelligent and creative pass or through ball. He has great attacking play both on and off the ball. He also has great attacking positioning which allows him to have one of the best eyes for goal. Perhaps his best qualities are his agility, passing discipline, creativity, positioning during attack and the ability to pick out a key pass. He's fairly quick and can attack and score goals himself. Whilst playing for Japan, he has played in a left midfield, or a central attacking midfield role.
Career statistics
Club
International |
38_15 | Scores and results list Japan's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Kagawa goal.
Honours
Borussia Dortmund
Bundesliga: 2010–11, 2011–12
DFB-Pokal: 2011–12, 2016–17
Manchester United
Premier League: 2012–13
FA Community Shield: 2013
PAOK
Greek Cup: 2020–21
Japan
AFC Asian Cup: 2011
Individual
Bundesliga Player of the Hinrunde: 2010
kicker Bundesliga Team of the Season: 2010–11, 2011–12
kicker Bundesliga First half of the 2012 Season, Only one selected for world class.
VDV Team of the Season: 2011–12
ESM Team of the Season: 2011–12
AFC Asian International Player of the Year: 2012
Bundesliga Team of the Season: 2015–16
IFFHS Asian Men's Team of All Time: 2021
Notes
References
External links |
38_16 | 1989 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Kobe
Association football people from Hyōgo Prefecture
Japanese footballers
Japan youth international footballers
Japan international footballers
Association football midfielders
J1 League players
J2 League players
Bundesliga players
Regionalliga players
Premier League players
Süper Lig players
Segunda División players
Super League Greece players
Cerezo Osaka players
Borussia Dortmund players
Borussia Dortmund II players
Manchester United F.C. players
Beşiktaş J.K. footballers
Real Zaragoza players
PAOK FC players
Sint-Truidense V.V. players
Olympic footballers of Japan
Footballers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
2011 AFC Asian Cup players
AFC Asian Cup-winning players
2013 FIFA Confederations Cup players
2014 FIFA World Cup players
2015 AFC Asian Cup players
2018 FIFA World Cup players
Japanese expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Germany
Expatriate footballers in England
Expatriate footballers in Turkey |
38_17 | Expatriate footballers in Spain
Expatriate footballers in Greece
Expatriate footballers in Belgium
Japanese expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Japanese expatriate sportspeople in England
Japanese expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
Japanese expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Japanese expatriate sportspeople in Greece
Japanese expatriate sportspeople in Belgium |
39_0 | Mattituck is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Suffolk County, New York, United States. The population was 4,219 at the 2010 census.
Located in the Town of Southold, Mattituck CDP roughly corresponds to the hamlet by the same name.
History
Mattituck is believed to have derived its name from the Algonquian name for "Great Creek". Mattituck Creek has been dredged and is used extensively by pleasure craft on Long Island Sound (the Mattituck Inlet is the entrance into Mattituck Creek, and the whole waterway is now popularly referred to as Mattituck Inlet).
It is only one of two harbors (the other being Mt. Sinai harbor) on the north side of Long Island on the Sound east of Port Jefferson. |
39_1 | The Mattituck Inlet and James Creek (which has also been dredged for boats) on the Peconic Bay come within of each other and would provide a shortcut between the Peconic and Sound through the North Fork if connected via a canal. However, authorities have resisted the connection, fearing an ecological disaster. Still, the inlet is blamed for coastal erosion because it interrupts the longshore drift on the sound.
Corchaug Indians, who were the first residents of the area, sold land to Theophilus Eaton, governor of New Haven, Connecticut. The area was eventually settled by English colonists. The meadowlands were held in common by the residents of Southold from its founding in 1640. The town of Southold was established by Charter to the New Haven Colony of Connecticut in 1658. The woodlands were also held in common until 1661, when that land was divided among individual proprietors.
Mattituck was occupied by British troops during the Revolutionary War and Governor Tryon visited. |
39_2 | Mattituck hosts an annual Strawberry Festival and is located in the heart of over 30 vineyards in the Long Island Wine Region. The festival is usually held on Father's Day weekend every year.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the community has a total area of , of which is land and , or 3.88%, is water.
Demographics of the CDP
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,198 people, 1,651 households, and 1,231 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 485.7 per square mile (187.6/km2). There were 2,313 housing units at an average density of 267.6/sq mi (103.4/km2). The racial makeup of the hamlet was 96.62% White, 1.17% African American, 0.02% Native American, 0.52% Asian, 0.64% from other races, and 1.02% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.55% of the population. |
39_3 | There were 1,651 households, out of which 31.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.4% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.4% were non-families. 21.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 2.97.
In the community, the population was spread out, with 23.2% under the age of 18, 5.6% from 18 to 24, 25.0% from 25 to 44, 27.1% from 45 to 64, and 19.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.9 males. |
39_4 | The median income for a household in the hamlet was $55,353, and the median income for a family was $63,370. Males had a median income of $42,917 versus $34,813 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $26,101. About 4.5% of families and 5.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.7% of those under age 18 and 9.6% of those age 65 or over.
Mattituck-Cutchogue Union Free School District is attended by residents of Mattituck, Cutchogue and Laurel. The sports teams' name is the Tuckers. |
39_5 | Notable people
Josephine Silone Yates (1852-1912), born in Mattituck, first African American woman to head a college science department, Lincoln University in Jefferson City, Missouri
John Bunyan Reeve (1831-1916), born in Mattituck, minister, professor that organized Howard University's Theology department and social activist. Uncle of Josephine Silone Yates
James Aldrich (1810–1866), born in Mattituck, noted poet and journalist
William Lynch, Jr. (1941–2013), born in Mattituck, former New York City Deputy Mayor and political strategist
Greg Sacks (1952) NASCAR Driver
Cory Stearns (1985) Principal Dancer, American Ballet Theatre
See also
Mattituck Airport
References
External links
Southold, New York
Census-designated places in New York (state)
Hamlets in New York (state)
Census-designated places in Suffolk County, New York
Hamlets in Suffolk County, New York
Populated coastal places in New York (state) |
40_0 | Priya Basil (born 1977 in London, England) is a British author and political activist. Her work has been translated into over half a dozen languages, and her first novel was shortlisted for the Commonwealth Writers' Prize. She is the co-founder of Authors for Peace and an initiator of the movement Writers Against Mass Surveillance.
Writing
Her first novel, Ishq and Mushq, was published in 2007. Ishq and Mushq is a family saga which illuminates the problem of cultural identity for immigrants over several generations, and raises questions of memory, exile and self-rediscovery. Ishq and Mushq came second in the World Book Day "Book to Talk About 2008" competition. The novel was also short-listed for a Commonwealth Writers' Prize, and long-listed for the Dylan Thomas Prize and the International Dublin Literary Award. |
40_1 | Her second novel, The Obscure Logic of the Heart, was published in June 2010. It tells the love story between the Muslim Lina and the secular Kenyan architecture student, Anil. The characters are caught in the maelstrom of socio-political problems as they try to negotiate between different loyalties – to family, faith, society and themselves.
Priya's novella Strangers on the 16:02 is published on 17 February 2011.
Basil’s work has been translated into Italian, German, Russian, Bulgarian, Brazilian Portuguese, Dutch, Croatian, and Serbian.
In autumn 2014, Priya Basil took up the prestigious Writers' Lectureship at the University of Tübingen. She shared the honour with Chika Unigwe. Taiye Selasi, and Nii Ayikwei Parkes also gave supporting lectures. |
40_2 | Basil's other writings have been published in The Guardian, and the Asia Literary Review, She is a regular contributor to Lettre International, the leading German-language literary magazine. Her themes include art, Europe, democracy, migration and (neo-)colonialism.
Political work
In 2010, Priya co-founded Authors for Peace. with the journalist Matthias Fredrich-Auf der Horst. It is intended to be a platform from which writers can actively use literature in different ways to promote peace. The first event by Authors for Peace took place on 21 September 2010, the UN's International Day of Peace. With the support of the International Literature Festival Berlin, Priya hosted a 24hour-live-online-reading by 80 authors from all over the world. The authors read from their work in a gesture of solidarity with those who are oppressed or caught in conflict. |
40_3 | In September 2013, Basil signed the German novelist Juli Zeh's Open Letter to Angela Merkel. The letter criticizes Merkel's reaction to the Snowden revelations and demands a more robust response. Priya Basil read this letter aloud in public on the opening day of the International Literature Festival Berlin, as part of the festival's 'Berlin Liest' (Berlin Reads) initiative. Later, she helped organize, and took part in the anti-surveillance protest action 'March on the Chancellory', led by Zeh on 18 September 2013. |
40_4 | Basil is also one of the initiators of 'Writers Against Mass Surveillance', a worldwide movement against mass surveillance that was launched on 10 December 2013. Basil is one of the group of seven international writers who wrote the appeal, gathered the first 560 signatures from world-famous writers, and organized the global launch of the appeal. The other initiators are Juli Zeh, Ilija Trojanow, Eva Menasse, Janne Teller, Isabel Cole and Josef Haslinger. The appeal was published through exclusive deals with leading newspapers in more than thirty countries worldwide, for example in Germany the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, and is also an online pledge at Change.org which the general public can sign. |
40_5 | Basil continues to be active against mass surveillance. She spoke at Re:publica Berlin 2014, and has published essays and articles about the threat mass surveillance poses to democracy and individual freedom, including in the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Der Tagesspiegel and the Danish newspaper Politiken.
BücherFrauen, a co-operation of 800 Women from the German Publishing Industry, puts forward an annual list of female candidates for the prestigious Peace Prize of the German Book Trade. In 2013, 2014 and 2015 Priya Basil was one of the 20-odd recommended writers on a list which included Hannah Arendt, Arundhati Roy, Nawal El Saadawi, Herta Müller and Juli Zeh.
In 2017 Priya Basil, together with Ulrich Schreiber, conceptualized and co-curated the International Congress for Freedom and Democracy, which took place from 8–10 September 2017 as part of the International Literature Festival Berlin. |
40_6 | Basil has written extensively on Europe and the future of the European Union, and has argued about the need for an official European public holiday across all member states. In 2017 she launched a campaign, which includes a petition on change.org, for the establishment of such a day. In 2018, at the invitation of Sonja Longolius and Janika Gelinek, directors of the Literaturhaus Berlin, she curates A European Holiday! – an event intended not just as a cultural extravaganza but as a political intervention – another step towards making the idea of such a day reality.
Personal life
Priya grew up in Kenya, returning to the UK to study English literature at the University of Bristol. She had a brief career in advertising before becoming a full-time writer.
Basil now lives in Berlin. Wired called her "a British, Kenyan, Indian, German-resident fiction-writer. Priya is another of those contemporary novelists whose life wouldn't do within a novel, because it's simply too implausible". |
40_7 | Bibliography
Ishq and Mushq, 2007 (Hardback , Paperback )
The Obscure Logic of the Heart, 2010 (Trade Paperback ; Paperback and )
Strangers on the 16:02, 2011 (Paperback )
Erzählte Wirklichkeiten: Tübinger Poetik Dozentur 2014 (Poetics lectures, in German, with Chika Unigwe, Paperback )
Be My Guest: Reflections on Food, Community and the Meaning of Generosity, non-fiction, 2019 (Hardback )
External links
Videos
Priya Basil On Reading and Writing
Priya Basil "Heart – Bite"-Quotes The Obscure Logic of the Heart
Priya Basil Strangers on the 16:02 – Train Rides 1–12
Priya Basil "Literary Bridge" – a virtual Join me on the Bridge event initiated by Priya and Authors for Peace for Women for Women International in honour of the 100th anniversary of International Women's Day
Reviews |
40_8 | Brinda Bose on Ishq and Mushq, India Today (26 March 2007) "Spice Route to Soul"
James Urquhart on The Obscure Logic of the Heart, Financial Times (8.7.2011): "Basil's novel is subtly played out; passionate and intelligent in scope." |
40_9 | Eve Lucas on The Obscure Logic of the Heart, ExBerliner (June 2010): "Basil's maturity as a writer is newly reflected in characters whose emotional, ideological and political lives are closely intertwined-redolent of the complex personalities created by writers such as C.P Snow and Evelyn Waugh... Basil spans a large canvas of well observed and entirely credible third world nepotism against which Lina's work for a better world appears as a cry in the desert. Woven into the bigger picture are many small, luminous threads of conversational snippets, situational snapshots, the humdrum of life lovingly seen and recorded. The micro- and the macrocosm are bound together by all that happens in between and above all, in-between people. The book flows at all levels, but here, for me, is Basil's true strength: her interest in people, her sympathy with them, and the way she brings this to bear on her narratives." |
40_10 | Farhana Shaikh on The Obscure Logic of the Heart, The Asian Writer (July 2010): "A brilliant second book and one that makes a stand to address the complex battle and struggle for identity and independence faced by the modern Asian woman."
"Romeo, Juliet and Islam" – Tales From The Reading Room-Review of The Obscure Logic of the Heart, August 2010: "I took a bit of a punt on this book as it was outside my usual run of reading, but I absolutely loved it, one of the best reads so far this year. What I admired most was Priya Basil's ability to weave her themes together seamlessly, making the brutality of the world reverberate in distressing ways in the crucible of passionate love between men and women, between parents and children and between good friends. I felt I'd been given an illuminating glimpse into a part of the world about which I knew nothing, and had been caught up in a powerful story that made me think." |
40_11 | Brinda Bose on The Obscure Logic of the Heart, India Today (7.8.2010): "…what makes Basil's Obscure Logic stand out from any other everyday heart-wrencher is the maturity with which it recognizes that there are no easy choices or irrefutable answers to dilemmas and confusion about the nature of love and passion. Basil seeks neither solutions nor compromises, and yet she writes a prose that burns and scorches with wry conviction about young love that refuses to say die." |
40_12 | Articles
Shanghai City Weekend Editor "emilyc"'s Live-Blog on Ishq and Mushq
Priya Basil on Pushing the Limit, Chronicles, Crossing Border Festival, The Hague (November 2007)
Spotlight Interview, Spotlight Magazine (June 2008)
Found in Translation, Essay by Priya Basil, Asia Literary Review, Spring 2008
My Home is Our Castle, Essay by Priya Basil, Heat 22, Giramondo Publishing, Sydney, Spring 2010
The Asian Writer-Interview on The Obscure Logic of the Heart, July 2010"
Losing Their Religion, Essay by Priya Basil, Asia Literary Review, Autumn 2010
Forbidden love, Article by Priya Basil, The Guardian, September 2010
Interview with Priya Basil by Kerrie Anne, The View From Here, September 2010
A brief encounter with the maternal urge, Article by Priya Basil, The Guardian, July 2011
Merkel must ensure Germany takes a strong moral stand against NSA spying, Article by Priya Basil, The Guardian, September 2013
Notes
References |
40_13 | http://www.priyabasil.com
http://literaturfestival.com/autoren-en/autoren-2014-en/priya-basil?searchterm=Priy&set_language=en
http://www.authorsforpeace.com
https://web.archive.org/web/20090708002628/http://www.impacdublinaward.ie/2009/Longlist.htm
http://www.commonwealthfoundation.com/culturediversity/writersprise/2008/shortlists/
https://web.archive.org/web/20090718111356/http://www.thedylanthomasprize.com/downloads.htm
https://archive.today/20120908200014/http://www.quickreads.org.uk/about-the-books/new-books-for-2011/strangers-1602
http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2007/mar/25/fiction.features7
https://web.archive.org/web/20110719073835/http://www.depers.nl/cultuur/123498/Mijn-achtergrond-kan-inspirerend-zijn.html (Dutch language quotes from Priya Basil)
British writers
1977 births
Living people |
41_0 | The Big Three was a trio of Major League Baseball starting pitchers for the Atlanta Braves from 1993 to 2002 which consisted of Greg Maddux, Tom Glavine, and John Smoltz. The Big Three combined to win seven National League Cy Young Awards in the 1990s and helped lead the Atlanta Braves to a 1995 World Series win. Each member of the Big Three has had their jersey retired by the Atlanta Braves and were inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in their first years of eligibility. |
41_1 | Pre-Big 3
Tom Glavine made his Major League debut on August 17, 1987, while John Smoltz made his Major League debut on July 23, 1988. At that time, Greg Maddux was playing with the Chicago Cubs. Both Smoltz and Glavine quickly established themselves as viable starting pitchers for the Braves by 1990 (although Glavine was just 33–43 from 1987 to 1990). Smoltz went to his first All-Star Game in 1989 while going 12–11 record and 2.94 ERA in 208 innings. For a team that won just 65 games in 1990, Smoltz and Glavine combined for 24 wins to 23 losses. |
41_2 | Their dominance begun in 1991 as Tom Glavine had a NL-leading 20 wins, winning his first Cy Young Award. They helped lead the Atlanta Braves to a National League West Division title for the first time in nine years. While Glavine lost his two starts, Smoltz won both of his starts (including Game 7) to help the Braves prevail over the Pittsburgh Pirates to win the National League pennant, their first since 1958. In the World Series, Glavine started Game 2 and 5 while Smoltz started Game 4 and 7 in a classic series that matched them against the Minnesota Twins; Glavine split his starts while Smoltz received two no-decisions, which included the Twins rallying to notch the series-winning run in the tenth inning of the deciding game. |
41_3 | Smoltz and Glavine's success continued into 1992, with Glavine finishing second in the Cy Young voting, and Smoltz being named to the National League All-Star team. In the National League Championship Series, Smoltz started Game 1 and 4 while Glavine started Games 3 and 6 (which resulted in two wins for the former and losses for the latter) to set up a pivotal Game 7, which had Smoltz as starter in what would later be considered one of the best postseason games ever played, as the Braves scored three runs in the bottom of the ninth inning (including two on their final out) to prevail over Pittsburgh and win their second straight league pennant. Smoltz pitched the most innings of any pitcher in the series with 20.1 innings while going 2-0 on his way to being named NLCS MVP. Glavine started Game 1 and Game 4, while Smoltz started Games 2 and 5 as the Braves lost the series to the Toronto Blue Jays in six games.
Big Three era |
41_4 | The Early Years: 1993 and 1994 Seasons
Prior to the 1993 MLB season, the Atlanta Braves signed Greg Maddux (who had won the National League Cy Young Award the previous year) from the Chicago Cubs, marking the beginning of the Big Three era. The Big Three had a strong 1993 season as Maddux posted a 20–10 record, winning his second straight NL Cy Young Award, Glavine led the National League in wins for the third consecutive season as he posted a 22–6 record, and Smoltz once again made the All Star team. The "Big Three" helped the Braves win the National League West for the third consecutive season, despite trailing the San Francisco Giants for most of the season. The Braves eventually fell to the Philadelphia Phillies in the National League Championship Series. Maddux won his third consecutive Cy Young Award in the strike-shortened 1994 season as he posted a 16–6 record, had a NL-leading ERA of 1.56, and struck out 156 batters. |
41_5 | World Series Season: 1995 Champions
The 1995 season saw strong performances from the group, as Maddux won his fourth consecutive NL Cy Young Award with a league-leading 19–2 record and 1.63 ERA. In 1995 the Big Three won its first (and only) World Series over the Cleveland Indians, with Glavine receiving the World Series MVP for his efforts. Glavine won both of his starts (Game 2 and 6), and he allowed just four hits and two runs in fourteen innings pitched (which included a one-hit eight inning effort in the clinching sixth game). with eleven strikeouts to six walks. |
41_6 | Postseason Letdowns: 1996 - 1999 Seasons |
41_7 | The trio had another strong season in 1996, with Smoltz leading the league in wins and strikeouts on his way to winning the National League Cy Young Award. In the National League Championship Series, they faced the underdog St. Louis Cardinals; Smoltz won the opening game, but the Braves soon fell behind under surprises losses by Maddux and Glavine. Down 3-1 in the series, the Braves proceeded to rally with wins from all three members of the trio while allowing just one run combined to win three straight games and complete the comeback to become the eighth team in MLB history to overcome a 3-1 deficit and the first to do so in an NLCS. In the World Series, they were matched against the New York Yankees, who were making their first World Series appearance in fifteen years. Smoltz and Maddux easily dispatched the Yankees to give the Braves a 2-0 lead as the series shifted from New York to Atlanta. In Game 3, Glavine was matched against David Cone (who had started against the Braves for |
41_8 | the Toronto Blue Jays in the 1992 World Series). Glavine was outmatched by the resurgent Yankee lineup (which had scored once in the two previous games), as they scored two runs on Glavine by the time he left in the seven and added three more in the eighth to win 5-2; the ensuing Game 4 proved horrific, as Atlanta blew a six run lead and lost 8-6 in ten innings. Smoltz, now in a tied series as the starter for Game 5, could not slow the bleeding. This was his seventh career start in a World Series (two wins, four no-decisions). Unfortunately, this would be his first loss, which came at the hands of a fourth inning flyball that went past the fielders for a two-base error that was followed by a double to score the only run of the game. Maddux was tasked to save the Braves in Game 6 in New York. However, the Yankees scored all the runs they needed in third innings on four hits to prevail 3-2 and win the Series. Over the next two years the Big Three continued to perform well, with Maddux |
41_9 | finishing second in Cy Young voting in 1997 and Glavine capturing his second Cy Young Award in 1998. Unfortunately the Braves failed to reach the World Series in both years (with the trio combining for one win and save in the League Championship Series for 1997 and 1998) |
41_10 | Although their stats didn't look so bright the following year, the group still led the Braves to a league-best 103–59 record. Maddux pitched seven strong innings in Game 1, only surrendering two runs, but reliever Mike Remlinger surrendered four runs in the ninth inning and the Braves lost to the Astros 6–1. The Braves won Game 2 5–1 to even the series at 1-1 heading to Houston for Games 3 and 4. In Game 3, after giving up two runs in the first inning, Glavine went five innings without surrendering another run as the Braves went on to beat the Astros 5–3 in twelve innings. In Game 4, Smoltz went the first seven innings only giving up one run and the Braves held a 7–0 lead. Then in the 8th inning, he gave up a three-run homer to Ken Caminiti, which resulted in Smoltz being pulled out of the Game as John Rocker halted the Astros rally with three outs. The Braves won the game 7-5 and advanced to the NLCS for the eighth consecutive season. Maddux got off to a solid start in the NLCS |
41_11 | against the New York Mets as he gave up only one run in seven innings to lead the Braves to a 4–2 win in Game 1. Smoltz pitched a 1-2-3 inning in the 9th to seal a 4–3 win for the Braves in Game 2 and take a 2–0 series lead heading to New York. Glavine pitched seven scoreless innings n Game 3 to lead the Braves to a 1–0 win over the Mets and put them one game away from advancing to the World Series. Smoltz did his part on Game 4 as he only allowed two runs in innings, but Mike Remlinger could not seal it for the Braves as he gave up another run which ultimately cost them the game, as they lost 3–2. After allowing two runs in the first inning of Game 5, Maddux pitched six scoreless innings, but the game was tied 2–2 at that point and the Braves ultimately lost 4–3 in 15 innings. The Braves won Game 6 10–9 in eleven innings to capture the NL Pennant and advance to the 1999 World Series. Maddux started the World Series strong as he pitched seven scoreless innings; however, he put four |
41_12 | consecutive hitters on base to start the 8th inning and all four of them scored, which gave the Yankees a 4–1 lead and the Yankees ended up winning 4–1. After the Braves lost Game 2 7–2, Glavine gave up five runs in seven innings as the Braves lost 6–5 in ten innings and faced a 3-0 hole. Smoltz gave up three runs in seven innings in Game 4 and the Braves were swept in the World Series, losing Game 4 4–1. |
41_13 | Smoltz Moves to the Bullpen: 2000 - 2002 Seasons.
The 2000 season was a rough one for the Braves, as Smoltz missed the entire season due to undergoing Tommy John surgery. However, Maddux and Glavine still did what they had to do to lead the Braves to their ninth consecutive division title, and sixth consecutive NL East title as Maddux had a 19–9 record, a 3.00 ERA, and 190 strikeouts and Glavine had a NL-leading 21 wins, a 3.40 ERA, and 152 strikeouts. The postseason did not go well for them as Maddux gave up seven runs in just four innings in Game 1 and Glavine gave up seven runs in just innings in Game 2 and the Braves were swept by the Cardinals in the 2000 NLDS and missed the NLCS for the first time since 1990. |
41_14 | The 2001 season saw some changes for the Braves as John Smoltz became the Braves closer after recovering from Tommy John Surgery and being unable to perform as a starter, filling in for the void left by John Rocker, who was traded to the Indians. This left Maddux and Glavine as the two left in the starting rotation. As such, they were able to adapt well enough to these changes to lead them to their 10th consecutive division title, and seventh consecutive NL East title. After Maddux gave up three runs in six innings in Game 1 of the NLDS against the Astros, Smoltz pitched two strong innings of relief pitching as the Braves started off the NLDS with a 7–4 win over the Astros in Game 1. Glavine pitched eight scoreless innings in Game 2 and Smoltz capped it off with a scoreless 9th inning to lead the Braves to a 1–0 win over the Astros in Game 2 to take a 2–0 series lead heading home. The Braves went on to win Game 3 6–2 to advance to the NLCS. Maddux pitched seven strong innings in Game |
41_15 | 1 of the NLCS against the Arizona Diamondbacks, only surrendering two runs, but the Braves lost the game 2–0. Glavine went seven innings in Game 2 and only give up one run while John Smoltz pitched a 1-2-3 9th inning to lead the Braves to an 8–1 win in Game 2 to even the series heading home. After the Braves lost Game 3 5–1, Maddux surrendered six runs in just three innings as the Braves lost 11-4 and fell one win away from elimination. Glavine did not have a strong Game 5 either, as he allowed three runs in five innings as the Braves lost Game 5 3-2 and were eliminated from the postseason. As it would turn out, this began a nineteen year drought of postseason series victories, as the Braves lost eight postseason series in a row before the drought ended in 2020. |
41_16 | In what would be their final season together, the trio led the Braves to a 101–59 record and their eleventh consecutive division title, and their eighth consecutive NL East title. Glavine did not pitch well in Game 1 of the NLDS against the Giants as he gave up eight runs in five innings as the Braves lost 8–5. After the Braves won Game 2 7–3, Maddux went six innings while allowing two runs to lead the Braves to a 10–2 win over the Giants in Game 3 and put them one win away from a trip to the NLCS. However, Glavine pitched poorly in Game 4 as he allowed seven runs in just innings as the Braves lost 8–3. The Braves ended up losing Game 5 3-1 and were eliminated from the postseason in the NLDS.
Notable Pitching Teammates
The Atlanta Braves used many pitchers to complement Maddux, Glavine, and Smoltz. Listed below are some of their notable teammates. |
41_17 | Steve Avery pitched with the trio from 1993 to 1996 and was an All-star selection in 1993. Avery was instrumental in the early 1990s when the Atlanta Braves started their regular season dominance. He suffered an injury in 1993 that would ultimately derail his once promising career. In seven seasons with Atlanta, Avery posted a 72-62 record with an ERA of 3.83.
Denny Neagle was acquired from the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1996 to form a "Big Four". He made the All-star team in 1997 with Maddux and Glavine. Neagle pitched with the Big Three from 1996 to 1998, and in those three seasons with Atlanta, he posted a 38-19 record with an ERA of 3.43. |
41_18 | Kevin Millwood joined Neagle and the Big Three in June 1997. In the following season, all five Atlanta starters posted 16 (or more wins), led by Tom Glavine's 20. This feat has only been done one other time (by the 1923 New York Yankees.) With a cumulative 2.97 ERA and a combined 88 wins, ESPN columnist Jeff Merron writes that the quintet was the greatest of all time. Millwood pitched with the Big Three from 1997 to 2002, and in those six seasons with Atlanta, he posted a 75-46 record with an ERA of 3.73. |
41_19 | Post-"Big 3" |
41_20 | After the 2002 season, Tom Glavine signed with the New York Mets, ending the Big Three's time together in Atlanta. The duo of Greg Maddux and John Smoltz was still good enough to lead the Braves to a 101–61 record and their 12th straight division title, also their 9th consecutive NL East title. After the Braves lost Game 1 of the NLDS 4–2 to the Chicago Cubs and with the Braves leading 3-2 after the 7th inning of Game 2, Smoltz came into Game 2 and pitch two innings of one run baseball (with a perfect 9th inning) to lead the Braves to a 5–3 win in Game 2. After allowing two runs in the first inning of Game 3, Maddux pitched five scoreless innings, but that was not enough for the Braves as they fell to the Cubs 3–1 in Game 3. Smoltz took relief duties in Game 4 and after allowing two doubles to begin the bottom of the 9th inning, he got the next three batters out to seal a 6–4 win for the Braves in Game 4 and force a Game 5 back in Atlanta. The Braves lost Game 5 5-1 and were |
41_21 | eliminated from the postseason. |
41_22 | Following the 2003 season, Maddux returned to the Chicago Cubs, leaving Smoltz as the only player of the "Big Three" left with the Braves for the 2004 season. Smoltz recorded 44 saves in the 2004 season to lead the Braves to their 13th consecutive division title, also their 10th consecutive NL East title. After the Braves lost Game 1 of the NLDS to the Astros 9–3, Smoltz pitched three scoreless innings in relief in Game 2 to help the Braves beat the Astros 4–2. After the Braves lost Game 3 8–5, Smoltz pitched two scoreless innings in relief to lead the Braves to a 6–5 win over the Astros and force a Game 5 in Atlanta. The Braves lost Game 5 12-3 and were then eliminated in the NLDS for the third consecutive year. |
41_23 | Smoltz returned to the starting rotation for the 2005 season and ended up with a 14–7 record, a 3.06 ERA and 169 strikeouts to help the Braves win their 14th consecutive Division Title and 11th consecutive NL East title. Smoltz's start in the NLDS went well as he lasted seven innings and only gave up one run to lead the Braves to a 7–1 win in Game 2. The other games did not go well for the Braves as they lost the NLDS to the Astros in four games.
Smoltz had another successful season the following year with a NL-leading 16 wins, a 3.49 ERA, and 211 strikeouts, but that was not enough for the Braves as they finished 3rd in the NL East; they ended up missing the playoffs and not winning their division for the first time since 1990. He had another successful year in 2007 with a 14–8 record, a 3.11 ERA, and 197 strikeouts, but again that wasn't enough for the Braves as they finished 3rd in their division yet again and missed the playoffs for the second consecutive season. |
41_24 | Tom Glavine returned to the Braves for the 2008 season, but the two of them could not get the Braves back into the playoffs as they finished fourth in their division that season. That season was the last for Glavine as he underwent rehab the following season, and was released from the Braves on June 3, 2009, and he officially retired from baseball on February 11, 2010.
The 2008 season was also John Smoltz's last season with the Braves as he signed with the Boston Red Sox for the 2009 season. He spent half of that season with the Red Sox, and the other half of that season with the Cardinals, after which he retired from baseball. Greg Maddux spent three more seasons with the Chicago Cubs and then he was traded to the Los Angeles Dodgers in the middle of the 2006 season. Maddux then spent his final two seasons with the San Diego Padres and was traded again to the Dodgers in the middle of the 2008 season, after which he retired from baseball. |
41_25 | Legacy
The "Big Three" is considered by many to be the greatest pitching trios of all-time. From 1993 to 2002, they combined for 453 wins to 224 losses with 4,616 strikeouts.
All three pitchers would have their numbers retired by the Braves as Greg Maddux would have his number retired on July 31, 2009, Tom Glavine would see his number retired on August 6, 2010, and John Smoltz would have his number retired on July 8, 2012.
All three pitchers would be inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in their first year of eligibility as Greg Maddux and Tom Glavine would both be inducted in 2014 receiving 97.2% and 91.9% of the possible votes respectively, and John Smoltz would be inducted the following year receiving 82.9% of the possible votes.
References
Nicknamed groups of baseball players
Trios
Major League Baseball pitchers |
42_0 | Iška (; ) is a settlement in Upper Iška Valley in the Municipality of Ig in central Slovenia. The entire municipality is part of the traditional region of Inner Carniola and is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region. The settlement includes the hamlet of Mala Vas (, ), where the road to Gornji Ig branches off. |
42_1 | Geography
Iška is a row village along a road surrounded by hills in the valley of the Iška River. The main hills surrounding the settlement are Travnik Hill (728 m) to the west and Stražar Hill (794 m) to the east. There are a few fields and several meadows along the road, as well as a number of vacation houses. The Laz Woods lies to the west, and the Zavod and Rebrica woods to the east. The wooded countryside is a habitat for roe deer, chamois, and bears. Benko Cave is in the hills west of the main population center. The territory of the settlement extends south to the Iška Gorge, where there is a path to Vrbica Hill (422 m) and the confluence of the Iška and Zala rivers. From here, trails continue to Rakitna, Krvava Peč, and the Bloke Plateau. There are also several springs in the surrounding hills. |
42_2 | History
Before the Second World War, there were many flour mills and sawmills along the Iška River. Most of these have been abandoned. During the Second World War, all of the vacation houses in the gorge were burned, and have been replaced by newer construction. The Iška Gorge Lodge () was built in 1948, offering accommodation and fishing permits.
Mass graves |
42_3 | Iška is the site of two known mass graves from during and after the Second World War. Both are located south of the settlement, in the Iška Gorge. The Romani Mass Grave () is located in the Benko Meadow and is marked by a wooden cross below a cliff, south of the house at Iška no. 45. It contains the remains of 43 Romani killed by the Partisans in May 1942. The Wounded Mass Grave () is located near the vacation house at Iška no. 21. A cross stands north of the grave, below a slope, and is visible from the road. The grave contains the remains of wounded Home Guard members murdered here after the war. Both of the wooden crosses at the sites bear the carved inscriptions Bog bo obrisal vse solze iz naših oči – tudi ne bo več žalovanja, ne vpitja, ne bolečin, zakaj kar je bilo prej je minilo. Postoj ob meni brat, da skupaj bova našla pot. (And God shall wipe away all tears from our eyes—there shall be no more sorrow, nor crying, nor pain: for the former things are passed away. ... Rest in |
42_4 | peace. Remain by my side, brother, and together we shall find the way.) The first cross also reads Tukaj čaka na vstajenje 43 Romov od maja 1942 (Here 43 Roma from May 1942 await the resurrection) and the second reads Tukaj čaka na vstajenje 52 slovenskih domobranskih ranjencev od binkoštne sobote 1945 (Here 52 Slovene Home Guard wounded from Pentecost Saturday [May 19] 1945 await the resurrection). |
42_5 | Church
The local church, built on the right bank of the river in the main part of the settlement, is dedicated to Saint Gertrude () and belongs to the Parish of Ig. It dates to the 18th century. It is a Baroque structure with a square nave and a polygonal chancel walled on three sides. The bell tower stands against the west wall of the nave. |
42_6 | Cultural heritage
In addition to Saint Gertrude's Church, several other sites in Iška are registered as cultural heritage:
The Iška Archaeological Site lies in the main settlement. Metal items from the late Bronze Age have been discovered here.
The Grad Archaeological Site () lies in the hills west of the main settlement. It is unexcavated; metal items have been found in the area indicating a prehistoric presence.
The farm at Iška no. 15 is located along the road in the Iška Gorge. It includes a two-story house with architectural elements from the mid-19th century and a semicircular door casing with the year 1842 carved into it. The farm has a stone grain mill and a wooden sawmill with a Venetian frame saw along a side arm of the Iška River, east of the road. |
42_7 | The Iška dam and millrace are located between the houses at Iška no. 14 and 15. The structure consists of a wooden dam reinforced with iron beams, a reservoir, a sluice gate, and a millrace dating from the mid-19th century. The dam was damaged in 2004 but was restored in an authentic manner, preserving its historical appearance.
A chapel-shrine stands on the eastern edge of the Iška Plain, along the road to Iška Vas. It dates from the first half of the 19th century. It has a deep main niche and shallower niches on the sides.
There is a memorial plaque dedicated to Anton Župec, a communist activist from Iška Vas that was killed on 20 March 1942. The square granite plaque was installed on a cliff along the road to Gornji Ig in 1971, approximately 250 m from the fork in the road to the hamlet of Mala Vas. |
42_8 | The Benko Mill () is an operating water-driven sawmill with a Venetian frame saw located opposite house no. 14 along a branch of the Iška River. It dates from the mid-19th century and is installed in a wooden building with a masonry foundation. |
42_9 | References
External links
Iška on Geopedia
Populated places in the Municipality of Ig |
43_0 | Notre-Dame-de-Grâce (), also nicknamed NDG, is a residential neighbourhood of Montreal in the city's West End, with a population of 166,520 (2016). An independent municipality until annexed by the City of Montreal in 1910, NDG is today one half of the borough of Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce. It comprises two wards, Loyola to the west and Notre-Dame-de-Grâce to the east. NDG is bordered by four independent enclaves; its eastern border is shared with the City of Westmount, Quebec, to the north and west it is bordered by the cities of Montreal West, Hampstead and Côte-Saint-Luc. NDG plays a pivotal role in serving as the commercial and cultural hub for Montreal's predominantly English-speaking West End, with Sherbrooke Street West running the length of the community as the main commercial artery. The community is roughly bounded by Grey Avenue and the Décarie Expressway to the east, Côte-Saint-Luc Road to the north, Connaught Avenue in the west and Highway 20 and the Saint-Jacques |
43_1 | Escarpment to the south. |
43_2 | History
At the time of Montreal's founding in 1642 most of the land stretching past Mount Royal to the northwest was a vast forest running the length of a long, narrow ridge known as the Saint Jacques Escarpment. The area that was to become Notre-Dame-de-Grâce was founded along that ridge, near a since-drained Lac Saint-Pierre. The first Europeans settled the area eight years after the founding of the colony of Ville Marie, on November 18, 1650. They were Jean Descarries (or Descaris) dit le Houx and Jean Leduc, from Igé, Perche, France.
Both settlers received of land in Notre-Dame-de-Grâce, a vast territory that stretched from what would become Atwater Avenue to Lachine.
In 1853, construction of the Church of Notre-Dame-de-Grâce was completed. |
43_3 | In December 1876, the Municipality of the Village of Notre-Dame-de-Grâce was established through proclamation. In 1906, the village of Notre-Dame-de-Grâce was incorporated as a town. On June 4, 1910, Notre-Dame-de-Grâce was annexed to the city of Montreal.
It was during this period that the long-established Descarries family reached its peak. Daniel-Jérémie Décarie (1836-1904) was mayor of Notre-Dame-de-Grâce from 1877 to 1904 and his son, lawyer Jérémie-Louis Décarie (1870-1927), was a Quebec parliamentarian.
In May 1912, Décarie Boulevard was officially designated, running north–south from Côte-des-Neiges and the Town of Mount Royal in the north to Saint-Henri and Côte-Saint-Paul in the south (a section of the road was already known as Décarie Avenue).
In 1908, the first tramway made its appearance in Notre-Dame-de-Grâce, running around the north side of Mount Royal from Snowdon Station to the intersection of Mount Royal and Parc avenues. |
43_4 | Gradually the village developed around the Church of Notre-Dame-de-Grâce which was the head church of the seven parishes on the western part of the Island of Montreal.
It was around 1920 that Anglophones began settling in NDG, resulting in the construction of numerous schools and churches. The Décarie Expressway opened to motorists in 1966, in time for Expo 67. The highway construction forced the displacement of 285 families and had a major impact on the neighbourhood, severing the easternmost part from the whole and leading to the area being referred to as 'Westmount-adjacent' (a term implying housing costs and lifestyles more on par with Westmount, one of the most affluent communities in North America, rather than NDG which as a whole is more middle income).
Since 2002, the area has been administratively attached to Côte-des-Neiges as the borough of Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce. |
43_5 | Geography
Notre-Dame-de-Grâce is bounded on the east by the border with Westmount and Côte-des-Neiges, the south by the Saint-Jacques Escarpment, and the north by Côte-Saint-Luc Road, extending west to the border with Montreal West.
Demographics |
43_6 | Broadly speaking Notre-Dame-de-Grâce is a middle class first-ring residential suburb with a culturally and linguistically diverse urban population. The cityscape and history of the community is rooted firmly in NDG's role as a home for an upwardly-mobile French Canadian middle class that developed much of the land roughly between Confederation and the First World War. The neighbourhood is characterized by traditional Quebecois housing styles - notably the detached or semidetached duplex - as well as being organized along the historic land division system developed by for agricultural purposes during Quebec's colonial period (i.e. long, rectangular city blocks running perpendicular to a river or ridge). It is a predominantly residential neighbourhood with considerable appeal to a wide variety of Montrealers, owing principally to its local cultural cachet, proximity to the urban core of the city, and wide variety of commercial and public services. |
43_7 | NDG is a community of communities, as there are several somewhat distinct neighbourhoods within it. Officially the community is divided into an eastern and western ward with Cavendish Boulevard serving as the bisecting line. The eastern part of Notre-Dame-de-Grâce is itself split in two parts by the Décarie Expressway (running north–south), which was built in the late 1950s and resulted in the destruction of many hundreds of homes. The eastern ward is focused around the parish church at the intersection of Décarie and Notre-Dame-de-Grâce avenue, with many of the neighbourhood's oldest buildings being found nearby. Owing to its history, the eastern ward is primarily francophone, middle class and has a strong French and Quebecois cultural and aesthetic character. |
43_8 | The western ward developed during the interwar and post-WW2 era and is more varied in terms of housing styles, income levels, cultural representation and spoken languages. Generally speaking NDG is associated with Montreal's multi-ethnic middle-class Anglophone community, given the presence of major Anglophone institutions like Loyola College of Concordia University and the MUHC super-hospital, but despite this association the majority of residents are fully bilingual in French and English and speak both on a regular, if not daily, basis.
Affordable housing and proximity to major Anglophone post-secondary educational institutions, particularly Dawson College and Concordia University, has resulted in a large and consistent student population residing in NDG.
The visible minority population of the neighborhood is 33%, with the ethnic breakdown of the neighborhood varied over the territory of NDG. |
43_9 | There is also a sizeable Afro-Canadian and immigrant community, concentrated mostly around the parts of the district north of Somerled Avenue as well as south of Sherbrooke Street, and a 'Little Italy' located south of the Canadian Pacific line, colloquially referred to as Saint Raymond. Saint Raymond, with a population of 5 915, has a black population of 18% and a Chinese population of 12%, both notably higher than Montreal as a whole. In recent years, Notre-Dame-de-Grâce has developed into a highly desirable neighbourhood for young professionals, though little gentrification has occurred outside of the Monkland Village.
Cityscape |
43_10 | Geographically NDG is situated on a long plateau extending southwest from Mount Royal, cascading in wide terraces down from Côte-Saint-Luc Road ( being the French word for ridge) towards the far steeper Saint-Jacques Escarpment. The land is divided, as is traditional in Quebec, in long narrow strips, an evolution of the seigneurial land division system of the province's colonial era. Thus, NDG has many avenues running north-south, but far fewer running east-west. As such, the community is characterized by several prominent boulevards where commercial activity is concentrated. This design element also traces its history back to the earliest urban design planning native to Canada. |
43_11 | NDG is almost exclusively residential and institutional in nature, defined in part by major Anglophone civic institutions anchoring its eastern and western ends. These are the MUHC hospital at the Glen Yards, adjacent to the Vendome intermodal station and the Loyola campus of Concordia University (situated next to the Montreal-West commuter rail station, respectively). Public schools, libraries, places of worship, parks, playgrounds, and public athletic facilities, including a local chapter of the Montreal YMCA, are distributed throughout the area. Housing tends towards the antique, with much of the construction occurring between 1910 and 1940 and providing a unique mix of Art Nouveau, Art Deco, and Beaux-Arts influences on traditional Quebecois architectural styles. There a variety of housing styles found in the borough, though the dominant and favored style remains the red brick duplex row-house. Adding to its residential appeal, the community is well known for its tree-lined |
43_12 | streets and general walkability. |