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(Talking heads ์˜ A Clean Break (Let's work) ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณก์ด ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์˜ด) ์ด ๋ฐฉ์˜ ๋ณธ์„ฑ์€ ๋ง์ด ์ž˜ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ€ ๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”
(Music: "A Clean Break (Let's Work)" by Talking Heads) So the nature of the room meant that words could be understood.
๊ณก์˜ ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ „๋‹ฌ์ด ์ž˜ ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
The lyrics of the songs could be pretty much understood.
์‚ฌ์šด๋”ฉ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿญ์ €๋Ÿญ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The sound system was kind of decent.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•˜๋Š”์ผ์ด ๋ณ„๋กœ ์—†์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
And there wasn't a lot of reverberation in the room.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ๋„ ๊ฝค ๋ณธ์งˆ ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ •ํ™• ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
So the rhythms could be pretty intact too, pretty concise.
๋‚˜๋ผ์•ˆ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ตฐ๋ฐ์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
Other places around the country had similar rooms.
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ Nashville ์— ์žˆ๋Š” Tootsie's Orchid Lounge ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณณ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
This is Tootsie's Orchid Lounge in Nashville.
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ•œ ์Œ์•…์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‹ฌ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ํ‹€๊ณผ ํ˜•์‹์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฐ™์•˜์ง€์š”.
The music was in some ways different, but in structure and form, very much the same.
๊ด€๊ฐ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘๋“ค๋„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฐ™์•˜๊ตฌ์š”.
The clientele behavior was very much the same too.
Tootsi ์—์„œ ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐด๋“œ๋“ค์€ CBGB ์—์„œ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ตฌ์š”, ์Œ์•…์„ ํ•˜์ฃผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ์ฃผ ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ์“ฐ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๊ณ  ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์น˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์—ˆ์ด๋˜ ๊ฐ„์— ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ด€์ค‘๋“ค์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด ์„ค์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
And so the bands at Tootsie's or at CBGB's had to play loud enough -- the volume had to be loud enough to overcome people falling down, shouting out and doing whatever else they were doing.
๊ทธ ํ›„๋กœ, ์ €๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข€ ๋” ์ข‹์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ง€์š”.
Since then, I've played other places that are much nicer.
๋””์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ ํ™€์—์„œ๋„ ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ์นด๋„ค๊ธฐ ํ™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋„ ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
I've played the Disney Hall here and Carnegie Hall and places like that.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋“ค์€ ์•„์ฃผ ํฅ๋ฏธ ๋กœ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And it's been very exciting.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๊ฑด, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋˜ ์Œ์•…๋“ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์Œ์•…๋“ค์ด ์ข…์ข… ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ™€ ๋“ค์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋‹ฅ ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒƒ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
But I also noticed that sometimes the music that I had written, or was writing at the time, didn't sound all that great in some of those halls.
์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์€ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ™€๋“ค์€ ์ข…์ข… ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜, ํ˜น์€ ์ผ๋˜ ์Œ์•…๋“ค๊ณผ๋Š” ์ž˜ ๋งž์ง€ ์•‰๋Š” ๊ณณ ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
We managed, but sometimes those halls didn't seem exactly suited to the music I was making or had made.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ๋” ์ž‘๊ณก์„ ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ?
So I asked myself: Do I write stuff for specific rooms?
๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๊ณก์„ ํ• ๋•Œ์— ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋‘๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ๋‚˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑธ๊นŒ?
Do I have a place, a venue, in mind when I write?
๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์— ๋งž๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ์ธ๊ฐ€?
Is that a kind of model for creativity?
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์–ด๋–ค๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋•Œ, ๊ทธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์„ ์žฅ์†Œ๋‚˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์—ผ๋‘ํ•ด ๋‘๊ณ  ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๊ฐ€?
Do we all make things with a venue, a context, in mind?
์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
Okay, Africa.
(์Œ์•…: Wenlenga- ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์•„ํ‹ฐ์ŠคํŠธ) ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์š”์ฆ˜ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์Œ์•…๋“ค์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์„œ๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ทผ์›์„ ๋‘๊ณ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
(Music: "Wenlenga" / Various artists) Most of the popular music that we know now has a big part of its roots in West Africa.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ ์Œ์•…๋“ค์€, ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ์š”, ์•…๊ธฐ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ๋“ค, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒํ™ฉ๋“ฑ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์™„๋ฒฝ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค ์™„๋ฒฝํžˆ ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋˜์ง€์š”.
And the music there, I would say, the instruments, the intricate rhythms, the way it's played, the setting, the context, it's all perfect. It all works perfect.
๊ทธ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ์Œ์•…๋“ค์ด ์™„๋ฒฝํžˆ ์—ฐ์ฃผ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The music works perfectly in that setting.
๊ทธ๊ณณ์—๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋˜์šธ๋ฆผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•  ํฐ ์žฅ์†Œ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
There's no big room to create reverberation and confuse the rhythms.
๊ทธ๊ณณ์˜ ์•…๊ธฐ๋“ค์€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ปค์„œ ์Œ์˜ ์ฆํญ ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ์ด ์—†์ด ๋“ค๋ฆด์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The instruments are loud enough that they can be heard without amplification, etc., etc.
์ด๊ฑด ์šฐ์—ฐ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€์š”.
It's no accident.
๊ทธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ์ง€๋Š”๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
It's perfect for that particular context.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์—‰๋ง ์ง•์ฐฝ์ด ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ . ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณ ๋”•์–‘์‹์˜ ๋Œ€ ์„ฑ๋‹น ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And it would be a mess in a context like this. This is a gothic cathedral.
(์Œ์•…: Thomas Tallis ์˜ Spn In Alium) ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณ ๋”• ๋Œ€์„ฑ๋‹น์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์Œ์•…์ด ๋”ฑ ๋งž์ง€์š”.
(Music: "Spem In Alium" by Thomas Tallis) In a gothic cathedral, this kind of music is perfect.
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์Œ์•…๋“ค์€ ์Œ์˜ ํ‚ค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ์Œ์ด ๊ธธ๊ณ ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ ์ด๋ผ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์ง€์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์žฅ์†Œ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์Œ์•…์„ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
It doesn't change key, the notes are long, there's almost no rhythm whatsoever, and the room flatters the music.
์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋” ๋‚ซ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
It actually improves it.
์ด ๊ณณ์€ ๋ฐ”ํ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ณก๋“ค์„ ์ผ๋˜ ๊ณณ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ฐ„ ์ด๊ตฌ์š”.
This is the room that Bach wrote some of his music for. This is the organ.
์ด ๊ณณ์€ ๋Œ€์„ฑ๋‹น ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํฐ ๊ณณ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๊ณณ์—์„œ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์Œ์•…์„ ์ž‘๊ณกํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
It's not as big as a gothic cathedral, so he can write things that are a little bit more intricate.
๊ทธ๋Š”, ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฐœ์ „์ ์ด๊ฒŒ๋„, ์Œ์˜ ํ‚ค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฐ ๋ถˆํ˜‘ํ™”์Œ์„ ๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด์„œ๋„์š”.
He can, very innovatively, actually change keys without risking huge dissonances.
(์Œ์•…: Johann S. Bach ์˜ Fantasa On Jesu, Mein Freunde) ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋‚˜์ค‘์—,
(Music: "Fantasia On Jesu, Mein Freunde" by Johann S. Bach) This is a little bit later.
๋ชจ์ฐจ๋ฅดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๊ณก์„ ํ•˜๋˜ ๊ณณ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
This is the kind of rooms that Mozart wrote in.
1770๋…„๋Œ€ ์ฏค ์ธ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋„ค์š”.
I think we're in like 1770, somewhere around there.
์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์ž‘๊ณ , ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋œ ์šธ๋ฆผ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ณณ ์ด์ง€์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ํ™”๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์Œ์•…์„ ์ž‘๊ณก ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋“ค์ด ์ž˜ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (?)
They're smaller, even less reverberant, so he can write really frilly music that's very intricate -- and it works.
(์Œ์•…: Wolfgang A.Mozart ์˜ Sonata in F. KV13) ์ด ์Œ์•…์€ ์ด ๋ฐฉ์— ์•„์ฃผ ๋”ฑ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
(Music: "Sonata in F," KV 13, by Wolfgang A. Mozart) It fits the room perfectly.
์ด๊ฑด La Scala* ์ธ๋ฐ์š” (*์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋ฐ€๋ž€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ ์˜คํŽ˜๋ผ ํ•˜์šฐ์Šค)
This is La Scala.
๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์ƒ๊ธด๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์ œ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ 1776๋…„์ •๋„์— ์ง€์–ด์ง„๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
It's around the same time, I think it was built around 1776.
์ด ์˜คํŽ˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์–ด์กŒ์„๋•Œ, ์˜คํŽ˜๋ผ ํ•˜์šฐ์Šค ์•ˆ์˜ ๊ด€๊ฐ๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์งˆ๋ฅด๊ณค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
People in the audience in these opera houses, when they were built, they used to yell out to one another.
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋จน๊ณ , ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ์Šคํ…Œ์ด์ง€์—์„œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ฅด๊ณค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. CBGB ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋Š”๊ฒƒ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
They used to eat, drink and yell out to people on the stage, just like they do at CBGB's and places like that.
๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์•„๋ฆฌ์•„*๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, (*์˜คํŽ˜๋ผ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ์•…๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋…์ฐฝ๊ณก) ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ฅด๋ฉด์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์—ฐ์ฃผ ํ•ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๋ฉฐ ์•ต์ฝœ ์š”์ฒญ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‡ผ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฐ”๋กœ์š”.
If they liked an aria, they would holler and suggest that it be done again as an encore, not at the end of the show, but immediately.
(์›ƒ์Œ) ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์˜คํŽ˜๋ผ์—์„œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒƒ๋“ค ์ด์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
(Laughter) And well, that was an opera experience.
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๊ทธ๋„ˆ (Wagner) ๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ง€์€ ์˜คํŽ˜๋ผ ํ•˜์šฐ์Šค ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
This is the opera house that Wagner built for himself.
์ด ์žฅ์†Œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํฌ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€์š”.
And the size of the room is not that big.
์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ์žฅ์†Œ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ์ž‘์€ ๊ณณ์ด์ง€์š”.
It's smaller than this.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ”๊ทธ๋„ˆ๋Š” ํ˜์‹ ์€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
But Wagner made an innovation.
๊ทธ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ํฐ ๋ฐด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์›ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
He wanted a bigger band.
๊ทธ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๊ณผ์žฅ ๋œ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์›ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜คํŽ˜๋ผ์˜ ํ•์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Š˜์—ฌ์„œ ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— low-end ์•…๊ธฐ๋“ค์€ ๋„ฃ์„์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•จ ์ด์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
He wanted a little more bombast, so he increased the size of the orchestra pit so he could get more low-end instruments in there.
(์Œ์•…: Richard Wagner ์˜ Lohengrin/ Prelude to Act III') ๋„ค.
(Music: "Lohengrin / Prelude to Act III" by Richard Wagner) Okay.
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์นด๋„ค๊ธฐ ํ™€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
This is Carnegie Hall.
๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค ์‹œํ”ผ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ์ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Obviously, this kind of thing became popular.
ํ™€๋“ค์ด ์ปค์กŒ์ง€์š”. ์นด๋„ค๊ธฐ ํ™€์€ ์•„์ฃผ ํฐ ํŽธ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The halls got bigger. Carnegie Hall's fair-sized.
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹ฌํฌ๋‹ˆ ํ™€ ๋“ค ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•„์ฃผ ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
It's larger than some of the other symphony halls.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  La Scala ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์€ ์šธ๋ฆผ์ด ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
And they're a lot more reverberant than La Scala.
๊ทธ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ, ๋‰ด์š”์ปค ์ง€์— ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” Alex Ross ์— ๋ง์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฃฐ๋“ค์€ ๊ด€์ค‘๋“ค์ด ์กฐ์šฉ์ด ํ• ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”์ด์ƒ ๋จน์„์ˆ˜๋„, ๋งˆ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋„, ์Šคํ…Œ์ด์ง€์—์„œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์น ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†๊ณ  ๊ณต์—ฐ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ์„œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์‰ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ• ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์ง€์š”.
Around the same, according to Alex Ross who writes for the New Yorker, this kind of rule came into effect that audiences had to be quiet -- no more eating, drinking and yelling at the stage, or gossiping with one another during the show.
๋‹ค๋“ค ์•„์ฃผ ์กฐ์šฉํ•ด์กŒ์–ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
They had to be very quiet.
์ด ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฆ‰ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ™€ ๋“ค์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์Œ์•…์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒƒ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
So those two things combined meant that a different kind of music worked best in these kind of halls.
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฆ‰ ๊ณผ๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋‹ค์ด๋‚˜๋ฏนํ•จ- ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์Œ์•…๋“ค์—๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๋˜- ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์„์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฑธ ๋œปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
It meant that there could be extreme dynamics, which there weren't in some of these other kinds of music.
์กฐ์šฉํžˆ ์—ฐ์ฃผ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋“ค- ๊ฐ€์‰ฝ๊ณผ ๊ณ ํ•จ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์— ํŒŒ๋ฌปํ˜€ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋“ค์„์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Quiet parts could be heard that would have been drowned out by all the gossiping and shouting.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์นด๋„ค๊ธฐ ํ™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์žฅ์†Œ์˜ ์šธ๋ฆผ์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์Œ์•…๋“ค์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋œ ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฏธ์ปฌ ํ•ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์งœ์ž„์ƒˆ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
But because of the reverberation in those rooms like Carnegie Hall, the music had to be maybe a little less rhythmic and a little more textural.
(์Œ์•…: Gustav Mahler ์˜ Symphony No.8 in E Flat Major) ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ Mahler ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
(Music: "Symphony No. 8 in E Flat Major" by Gustav Mahler) This is Mahler.
Bob Dylan ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ Mahler ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
It looks like Bob Dylan, but it's Mahler.
Bob ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์•จ๋ฒ” ์ด์—ˆ์ง€์š”. ๋„ค.
That was Bob's last record, yeah.
(์›ƒ์Œ) ํŒ ๋ฎค์ง๋“ค๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
(Laughter) Popular music, coming along at the same time.
์žฌ์ฆˆ ๋ฐด๋“œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
This is a jazz band.
Scott Joplin ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ๋ฐด๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฐ• ๋ฐฐ์œ„์—์„œ๋‚˜ ํด๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
According to Scott Joplin, the bands were playing on riverboats and clubs.
๋˜, ์‹œ๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ณณ์ด์ง€์š”. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ„์„œ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์—ฐ์ฃผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Again, it's noisy. They're playing for dancers.
๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์Œ์•…๋“ค์„ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”, ํŠนํžˆ ๋Œ„์„œ๋“ค์ด ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
There's certain sections of the song -- the songs had different sections that the dancers really liked.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ '๊ทธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”' ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
And they'd say, "Play that part again."
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋Œ„์„œ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ณ„์† ๊ณ„์† ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์„œ ์—ฐ์ฃผ ํ•ด์ค„์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋“ค์„ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
Well, there's only so many times you can play the same section of a song over and over again for the dancers.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฐด๋“œ๋“ค์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฉœ๋กœ๋”” ๋“ค์„ ์ฆ‰ํฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
So the bands started to improvise new melodies.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•์‹์˜ ์Œ์•…๋“ค์ด ํƒ„์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And a new form of music was born.
(์Œ์•…: W.C.Handy/Ethel waters ์˜ Royal Garden Blues) ์ด ์Œ์•…๋“ค์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ž‘์€ ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ์—ฐ์ฃผ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
(Music: "Royal Garden Blues" by W.C. Handy / Ethel Waters) These are played mainly in small rooms.
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ถค์ถ”๊ณ , ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋ฅด๊ณ , ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ณ .
People are dancing, shouting and drinking.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์Œ์•…์€ ๋“ค๋ฆด์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋งŒํผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ์ฃผ ๋ฌ์—ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
So the music has to be loud enough to be heard above that.
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜- ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  20์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์Œ์•…๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ์ ์šฉ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฝ ์ด๋˜์ง€, ๋ผํ‹ด ์Œ์•… ์ด๋˜์ง€ ๊ฐ„์—์š”.
Same thing goes true for -- that's the beginning of the century -- for the whole of 20th-century popular music, whether it's rock or Latin music or whatever.
๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์—†์ง€์š”.
[Live music] doesn't really change that much.
20์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ•œ 3๋ถ„์˜ 1 ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚˜์ž ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ๊ฒŒ ์Œ์•…์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์žฅ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์„๋•Œ ๋ง์ด์ง€์š”
It changes about a third of the way into the 20th century, when this became one of the primary venues for music.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ฒƒ์ด ์Œ์•…์ด ์ ˆ๋‹ฌ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And this was one way that the music got there.
๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜๋“ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€๋“ค, ์ž‘๊ณก๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์ž‘๊ณก ํ•˜๋Š” ์Œ์•…์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋“ค์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด ๋†“์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Microphones enabled singers, in particular, and musicians and composers, to completely change the kind of music that they were writing.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€, ๋ผ๋””์˜ค์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ ์Œ์•… ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, Frank Sinatra ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ ์—†์ด๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
So far, a lot of the stuff that was on the radio was live music, but singers, like Frank Sinatra, could use the mic and do things that they could never do without a microphone.
๊ทธ ์ดํ›„์˜ ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ”์ง€์š”.
Other singers after him went even further.
(์Œ์•…: Chet Baker ์˜ My Funny Valentine) Chet Baker ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
(Music: "My Funny Valentine" by Chet Baker) This is Chet Baker.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ ๋“ค์€ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ ์—†์ด๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€๊ฒƒ ๋“ค ์ด์ง€์š”.
And this kind of thing would have been impossible without a microphone.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋…น์Œ๋œ ์Œ์•…๋“ค๋กœ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€๊ฒƒ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
It would have been impossible without recorded music as well.
๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ท€์— ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋Œ€๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ž˜ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ง€์š”.
And he's singing right into your ear.
๋‹น์‹ ์— ๊ท€์— ๋Œ€๊ณ  ์†์‚ญ์ด๋“ฏ์ด์š”.
He's whispering into your ears.
์ด๋Ÿฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ๋ฅด๋“ฏ ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
The effect is just electric.
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹น์‹  ์˜†์— ์•‰์•„์„œ, ๋ญ˜ ๋งํ•˜๋˜ ๊ฐ„์—, ์†์‚ญ์ด๋Š”๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
It's like the guy is sitting next to you, whispering who knows what into your ear.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ์Œ์•…์€ ๊ฐˆ๋ผ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
So at this point, music diverged.
๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ ์Œ์•…๊ณผ ๋…น์Œ๋œ ์Œ์•…์œผ๋กœ์š”.
There's live music, and there's recorded music.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‘˜์€ ์ด์ œ ๋”์ด์ƒ ๊ฐ™์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And they no longer have to be exactly the same.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด์ œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋””์Šค์ฝ” ํ…์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋ฐ”์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฅฌํฌ๋ฐ•์Šค๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š” ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์€ ๊ณณ๋“ค ์ด์ง€์š”.
Now there's venues like this, a discotheque, and there's jukeboxes in bars, where you don't even need to have a band.
๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋กœ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ํ•„์š” ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ณณ ๋“ค ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šด๋“œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
There doesn't need to be any live performing musicians whatsoever, and the sound systems are good.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋””์Šค์ฝ”์— ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ๋งž์ถ˜ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ์šด๋“œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์Œ์•…๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
People began to make music specifically for discos and for those sound systems.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žฌ์ฆˆ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด, ๋Œ„์„œ๋“ค์ด ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋“ค ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
And, as with jazz, the dancers liked certain sections more than they did others.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์˜ ํž™ํ•ฉ ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ํŠน์ • ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
So the early hip-hop guys would loop certain sections.