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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜) ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋ถ„์ž ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์€ ์‹œ๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ) DNA๋ฅผ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์“ฐ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์ ์  ๋” ์‰ฌ์›Œ์ง€๊ณ  ๋” ์ €๋ ดํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
(Applause) It's a great time to be a molecular biologist. (Laughter) Reading and writing DNA code is getting easier and cheaper.
์˜ฌํ•ด ๋ง๊นŒ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋„ ์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— 1,000์œ ๋กœ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ์€ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” 3์–ต ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ๋ฐฐ์—ด ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํž ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
By the end of this year, we'll be able to sequence the three million bits of information in your genome in less than a day and for less than 1,000 euros.
์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ƒ๋ช…๊ณตํ•™์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธ‰์†๋„๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„์•ผ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฐ€ ์‹ถ๋„ค์š”.
Biotech is probably the most powerful and the fastest-growing technology sector.
์ž ์žฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์ƒ๋ช…๊ณตํ•™์€ ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ํ•™์„ ํ˜์‹ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ƒํ™œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํž˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
It has the power, potentially, to replace our fossil fuels, to revolutionize medicine, and to touch every aspect of our daily lives.
๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
So who gets to do it?
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
I think we'd all be pretty comfortable with this guy doing it.
๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์–ด๋–ค๊ฐ€์š”? (์›ƒ์Œ) (์›ƒ์Œ) ์ €๋Š” 2009๋…„์— DIYbio๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. *DIY(Do-It-Yourself)bio: ๋ณธ์ธ์ด ์ง์ ‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™
But what about that guy? (Laughter) (Laughter) In 2009, I first heard about DIYbio.
DIYbio๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช…๊ณตํ•™์„ ์ •๋ถ€์— ์†ํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™์ž์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค ๋ช‡๋ช‡์˜ ์ „์œ ๋ฌผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ ‘๊ทผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์šด๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
It's a movement that -- it advocates making biotechnology accessible to everyone, not just scientists and people in government labs.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณผํ•™์„ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋•๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜์‹ ์— ์ข‹์€ ์ž๊ทน์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The idea is that if you open up the science and you allow diverse groups to participate, it could really stimulate innovation.
์‹ค์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งก๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€๊ฐœ ์ข‹์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ผ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
Putting technology in the hands of the end user is usually a good idea because they've got the best idea of what their needs are.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช…๊ณตํ•™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๋„๋•์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์œค๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„์•ผ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ด ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๋”” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์•ˆ์—์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋Œ€์ค‘์—๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์กฐ์ฐจ ์—‰์„ฑํ•  ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And here's this really sophisticated technology coming down the road, all these associated social, moral, ethical questions, and we scientists are just lousy at explaining to the public just exactly what it is we're doing in those labs.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด, ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ง‘ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ฐ€์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์ง์ ‘ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?
So wouldn't it be nice if there was a place in your local neighborhood where you could go and learn about this stuff, do it hands-on?
์ €๋Š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
I thought so.
3๋…„ ์ „, ์ €๋Š” ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ชจ์—ฌ ์  ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค(Genspace)๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
So, three years ago, I got together with some friends of mine who had similar aspirations and we founded Genspace.
์  ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋Š” ๋‰ด์š• ๋ธŒ๋ฃจํด๋ฆฐ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๋น„์˜๋ฆฌ, ์ง€์—ญ ์ƒ๋ช…๊ณตํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์ด๋ฉฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์™€์„œ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋“ฃ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์—ด๋ ค์žˆ๊ณ  ์นœ๊ทผํ•œ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
It's a nonprofit, a community biotech lab in Brooklyn, New York, and the idea was people could come, they could take classes and putter around in the lab in a very open, friendly atmosphere.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด์ „์˜ ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋„ ์ด ์ดํ›„๋กœ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ผ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•ด ์ €๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„์‹œ์ผœ ์ฃผ์ง„ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ธ์ง€ ์ง์ž‘์ด ๊ฐ€์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
None of my previous experience prepared me for what came next. Can you guess?
์–ธ๋ก ์—์„  ์ €ํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
The press started calling us.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ '๊ณผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ'์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ €ํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„์™€์„œ๋Š” ์ œ2์˜ 'ํ”„๋ž‘์ผ„์Šˆํƒ€์ธ'์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 6๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ์ œ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๊ตฌ๊ธ€์—์„œ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ œ ๊ณผํ•™ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์™”์ฃ .
And the more we talked about how great it was to increase science literacy, the more they wanted to talk about us creating the next Frankenstein, and as a result, for the next six months, when you Googled my name, instead of getting my scientific papers, you got this.
["๋‚˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์œ„ํ—˜์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."] (์›ƒ์Œ) ๊ฝค ์šฐ์šธํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
["Am I a biohazard?"] (Laughter) It was pretty depressing.
์ด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฒฌ๋ŽŒ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์„ธ์ƒ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—์š”.
The only thing that got us through that period was that we knew that all over the world, there were other people that were trying to do the same thing that we were.
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜คํ•ด์ปค(DNA ๋“ฑ ์œ ์ „ํ•™ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ทจ๋ฏธ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ)๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋ช‡๋ช‡์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์— ๋งž์„œ๊ณ , ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ทœ์ œ๋“ค๊ณผ ์‹ธ์šฐ๋ฉฐ, ๋” ์ ์€ ์ž์›์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
They were opening biohacker spaces, and some of them were facing much greater challenges than we did, more regulations, less resources.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 3๋…„ ํ›„ ์ง€๊ธˆ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋งŒํผ์„ ์ผ๊ตฌ์–ด ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
But now, three years later, here's where we stand.
๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ํ•ด์ปค๋“ค์€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์‹œ์ž‘์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
It's a vibrant, global community of hackerspaces, and this is just the beginning.
์ด ์ ๋“ค์€ ํฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ๋“ค ์ค‘์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ด๊ณ , ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ๋งค์ผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
These are some of the biggest ones, and there are others opening every day.
๋ชจ์Šคํฌ๋ฐ”์—์„œ๋„ ํ•œ ๊ณณ์ด ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ด ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋„ ์กฐ๋งŒ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ๋“ค์ด ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ž์‹ ์ด ์†ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ ์ž์‹ ๋งŒ์˜ ํŠน์ƒ‰์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
There's one probably going to open up in Moscow, one in South Korea, and the cool thing is they each have their own individual flavor that grew out of the community they came out of.
์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
Let me take you on a little tour.
ํ˜ผ์ž ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ํ•ด์ปค๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฉด,
Biohackers work alone.
ํŒ€์„ ์ด๋ค„์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ , ํฐ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ . (์›ƒ์Œ) ์ž‘์€ ๋„์‹œ๋„ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
We work in groups, in big cities โ€” (Laughter) โ€” and in small villages.
์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์žฅ๋น„์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
We reverse engineer lab equipment.
์œ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ๊ท ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
We genetically engineer bacteria.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด์™€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด๊ณ  ์›ป์›จ์–ด ๊นŒ์ง€ ํŒŒํ—ค์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด์™€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ์ฒด ๊ธฐ๊ด€/๊ธฐ๋Šฅ) ๋ฌผ๋ก , ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋“ค๋„ ๋น ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ฃ .
We hack hardware, software, wetware, and, of course, the code of life.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
We like to build things.
๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Then we like to take things apart.
์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
We make things grow.
๋น›๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
We make things glow.
์„ธํฌ๋“ค์„ ์ถค์ถ”๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
And we make cells dance.
์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์€, ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์—ด๋ ค์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ฌด์—‡์—๋“ ์ง€ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ, ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๋ณด์•ˆ, ๊ทธ ์™ธ์˜ ์•ˆ์ข‹์€ ์ ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The spirit of these labs, it's open, it's positive, but, you know, sometimes when people think of us, the first thing that comes to mind is bio-safety, bio-security, all the dark side stuff.
์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์šฐ๋ ค๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
I'm not going to minimize those concerns.
์–ด๋–ค ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋„ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์–‘๋‚ ์˜ ๊ฒ€๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ด๋‚˜, ๋‚˜๋…ธ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜คํ…Œํฌ๋†€๋กœ์ง€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ, ์•„๋งˆ์ถ”์–ด๋„ ์ข‹์ง€๋งŒ, ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋” ์ข‹์€ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋” ์ข‹์€ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์›๊ท ์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
Any powerful technology is inherently dual use, and, you know, you get something like synthetic biology, nanobiotechnology, it really compels you, you have to look at both the amateur groups but also the professional groups, because they have better infrastructure, they have better facilities, and they have access to pathogens.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ UN์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ด ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋†“์•˜์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์€ ์ด๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋‹จ์ ๋“ค์„ ๋›ฐ์–ด ๋„˜์„ ์ •๋„์˜ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์žฅ์ ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด DIYbio์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋†€๋ž์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ธ๋ก ์ด ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ‰๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์˜ ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ์œค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ์†Œํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
So the United Nations did just that, and they recently issued a report on this whole area, and what they concluded was the power of this technology for positive was much greater than the risk for negative, and they even looked specifically at the DIYbio community, and they noted, not surprisingly, that the press had a tendency to consistently overestimate our capabilities and underestimate our ethics.
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ, DIYbio์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ž‘๋…„์— ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™๊ณผ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๋ชจ์ž„์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ธ ์œค๋ฆฌ ๋ฒ•์น™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ•ฉ์˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
As a matter of fact, DIY people from all over the world, America, Europe, got together last year, and we hammered out a common code of ethics.
์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ด ํ•ด์™”๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด, ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋‚ซ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
That's a lot more than conventional science has done.
์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉฐ,
Now, we follow state and local regulations.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ณ‘์›๊ท ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
We dispose of our waste properly, we follow safety procedures, we don't work with pathogens.
์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ณ‘์›๊ท ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€, ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ํ•ด์ปค์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๊ทธ์ € ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
You know, if you're working with a pathogen, you're not part of the biohacker community, you're part of the bioterrorist community, I'm sorry.
๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ . "์Œ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์˜ˆ๊ธฐ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋Š”์š”?"
And sometimes people ask me, "Well, what about an accident?"
์‚ฌ์‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋œ ์‹คํ—˜ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์Šˆํผ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋‚  ํ™•๋ฅ ์€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์—์„œ ๋ˆˆ๋ณด๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ •๋„์˜ ํ™•๋ฅ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Well, working with the safe organisms that we normally work with, the chance of an accident happening with somebody accidentally creating, like, some sort of superbug, that's literally about as probable as a snowstorm in the middle of the Sahara Desert.
์˜ˆ, ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์ฃ . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ •๋„์˜ ํ™•๋ฅ ์— ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ €์˜ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Now, it could happen, but I'm not going to plan my life around it.
์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ €๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
I've actually chosen to take a different kind of risk.
์ €๋Š” '๊ฐœ์ธ ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ'๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋“ฑ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
I signed up for something called the Personal Genome Project.
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•™๋ฌธ์˜ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์„ ๋ด‰์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ €์˜ ์ „์ฒด ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ ์„œ์—ด์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•˜์—ฌ ์ €์˜ ๋ณ‘๋ ฅ, ์‹ ์› ์‚ฌํ•ญ ๋“ฑ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์ƒ์— ๊ฒŒ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
It's a study at Harvard where, at the end of the study, they're going to take my entire genomic sequence, all of my medical information, and my identity, and they're going to post it online for everyone to see.
์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์•ž์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ํ”ผ์‹คํ—˜์ธ ๋™์˜์„œ ์ž‘์„ฑ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์œ„ํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
There were a lot of risks involved that they talked about during the informed consent portion.
๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ €๋Š” '๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ ์„œ์—ด์„ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œ ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์— ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€, ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐ€์งœ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•ด๋‚ด์–ด, ๋ฒ”ํ–‰ ํ˜„์žฅ์— ๋ชฐ๋ž˜ ๋ฌปํ˜€ ๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ง˜์— ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ) ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ DIYbio์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ธ์ •์  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ํ•™๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ์ค„ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์„ ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The one I liked the best is, someone could download my sequence, go back to the lab, synthesize some fake Ellen DNA, and plant it at a crime scene. (Laughter) But like DIYbio, the positive outcomes and the potential for good for a study like that far outweighs the risk.
์ด์ œ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ด์ง€๊ฒ ์ฃ . "์Œ, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ญ˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์–ด?"
Now, you might be asking yourself, "Well, you know, what would I do in a biolab?"
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ PC๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋ญ˜ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์–ด?"
Well, it wasn't that long ago we were asking, "Well, what would anyone do with a personal computer?"
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ์ € ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
So this stuff is just beginning.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'DNA ๋น™์‚ฐ'์˜ ์ผ๊ฐ๋งŒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
We're only seeing just the tip of the DNA iceberg.
๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์žฅ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด์ผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
Let me show you what you could do right now.
๋…์ผ์˜ ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ž์ด์ž ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ํ•ด์ปค๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ง‘ ์•ž ๊ธธ์— ์ž‘์€ ์„ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋†“๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋Š”์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
A biohacker in Germany, a journalist, wanted to know whose dog was leaving little presents on his street?
(์›ƒ์Œ) (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜) ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜์…จ๊ฒ ์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด์›ƒ์ง‘ ๊ฐœ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๊ณต์„ ๋˜์กŒ๊ณ , ๊ฐœ๋“ค์˜ ํƒ€์•ก์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ทธ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ , ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฃผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
(Laughter) (Applause) Yep, you guessed it. He threw tennis balls to all the neighborhood dogs, analyzed the saliva, identified the dog, and confronted the dog owner.
(์›ƒ์Œ) (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜) ๋˜, ์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง‘ ๋’ท๋งˆ๋‹น์—์„œ ๋ฒˆ์‹๋ ฅ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
(Laughter) (Applause) I discovered an invasive species in my own backyard.
๋ฌด๋‹น๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์ง€์š”.
Looked like a ladybug, right?
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” '์ผ๋ณธ ๋”ฑ์ •๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ'์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
It actually is a Japanese beetle.
์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด '์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฐ”์ฝ”๋”ฉ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€, ์ •๋ง ๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฉ‹์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋จน๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์บ๋น„์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ง„์งœ ํฐ์ฒ ๊ฐ‘์ƒ์–ด์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ ๋•Œ๋‚˜, ์ด ์ดˆ๋ฐฅ์˜ ์ƒ์„ ์ด ์ •๋ง ์ฐธ์น˜์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ๋•Œ๋‚˜, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋น„์‹ผ ๋ˆ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‚ฐ ์—ผ์†Œ ์น˜์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ์—ผ์†Œ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ๋•Œ ์•„์ฃผ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ์ด์ฃ .
And the same kind of technology -- it's called DNA barcoding, it's really cool -- You can use it to check if your caviar is really beluga, if that sushi is really tuna, or if that goat cheese that you paid so much for is really goat's.
๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ํ•ด์ปค๋“ค์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ๋Š”, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
In a biohacker space, you can analyze your genome for mutations.
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•„์นจ์— ๋จน๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์–ผ์— GMO(์œ ์ „์ž์กฐ์ž‘์„ฑ๋ถ„)๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฉด ํ˜น์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์กฐ์ƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
You can analyze your breakfast cereal for GMO's, and you can explore your ancestry.
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ์ƒ ๊ด€์ธก ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์„ฑ์ธต๊ถŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด์„œ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ์•„, ๊ทธ ์œ„์—๋Š” ๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
You can send weather balloons up into the stratosphere, collect microbes, see what's up there.
๋˜ํ•œ, ํšจ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ๋ฌผ์†์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ค์—ผ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
You can make a biocensor out of yeast to detect pollutants in water.
์ฒœ์—ฐ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
You can make some sort of a biofuel cell.
๊ทธ ์™ธ์—๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
You can do a lot of things.
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์— ๋„์ „ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋ช‡๋ช‡์€ ์ •๋ง ๋๋‚ด์ฃผ์ฃ . ๊ทธ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ƒํƒœ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ์„ ๋‚ดํฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
You can also do an art science project. Some of these are really spectacular, and they look at social, ecological problems from a completely different perspective.
์ •๋ง ๋ฉ‹์ง€์ฃ .
It's really cool.
์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ๋‚˜์„œ์„œ ํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌป๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Some people ask me, well, why am I involved?
์ฃผ๋ฅ˜ ๊ณผํ•™๊ณ„์—์„œ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ์ปค๋ฆฌ์–ด๋ฅผ ์Œ“์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
I could have a perfectly good career in mainstream science.
์‚ฌ์‹ค์€, ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ๋“ค์—๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋Š ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋„ ์ฐพ์•„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”, ์ด ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋งŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The thing is, there's something in these labs that they have to offer society that you can't find anywhere else.
์–ด๋–ค ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„, ์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ „ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ด๋ ค๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋“ ๊ฐ€, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹คํ˜„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌํ™”์กฐ์ฐจ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์ด ๊ณณ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‹ ์„ฑํ•œ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
There's something sacred about a space where you can work on a project, and you don't have to justify to anyone that it's going to make a lot of money, that it's going to save mankind, or even that it's feasible.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ์ € ์•ˆ์ „ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋  ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
It just has to follow safety guidelines.
๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋ช…๊ณตํ•™์„ ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์žฌ์ •๋ฆฝ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
If you had spaces like this all over the world, it could really change the perception of who's allowed to do biotech.
PC๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋งŽ์•„์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
It's spaces like these that spawned personal computing.
์ƒ๋ช…๊ณตํ•™์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ์•ˆ ๋  ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?`
Why not personal biotech?
์ง€๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋™์ฐธํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
If everyone in this room got involved, who knows what we could do?
์ด๊ฑด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ถ„์•ผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”. ๋ธŒ๋ฃจํด๋ฆฐ์—์„œ ํ”ํžˆ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ *๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์•„์ง ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ* ์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ) ("You ain't seen nothin' yet" ๋ฝ๊ทธ๋ฃน BTO์˜ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ณก ์ œ๋ชฉ) (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜) (ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ) (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜) ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
This is such a new area, and as we say back in Brooklyn, you ain't seen nothin' yet. (Laughter) (Applause) (Whistling) (Applause) Thank you.
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜) ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
(Applause) Thank you very much.
ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
That was whistling.
์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋ง์”€์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
I'm trying to do this in English.
ํ†ตํ†ตํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณฑ์Šฌ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์™œ ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ์„ ๋ถˆ๊นŒ์š”?
What is a chubby, curly-haired guy from Holland -- why is he whistling?
์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ €๋Š” 4์‚ด๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ์„ ๋ถˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Well actually, I've [been] whistling since the age of four, about four.
์ €ํฌ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ง‘ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ํ•ญ์ƒ ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ์„ ๋ถ€์…จ๊ณ , ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๋‚ด, ์†Œํ†ต๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
My dad was always whistling around the house, and I just thought that's part of communication in my family.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ์„ ๋ถˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
So I whistled along with him.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ 34์‚ด ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€, ์ €๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†”์งํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ, ์ œ ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ์€ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ผํƒˆ ํ–‰๋™์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And actually, till I was 34, I always annoyed and irritated people with whistling, because, to be honest, my whistling is a kind of deviant behavior.
์ €๋Š” ํ™€๋กœ ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ์„ ๋ถˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ต์‹ค์—์„œ๋„ ๋ถˆ๋ €์ฃ .
I whistled alone. I whistled in the classroom.
์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋ถˆ๋ €๊ณ , ์–ด๋””์„œ๋“  ๋ถˆ๋ €์ฃ .
I whistled on [my] bike. I whistled everywhere.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ ์ฒ˜๊ฐ€ ์‹๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค ์ด๋ธŒ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋ถˆ๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And I also whistled at a Christmas Eve party with my family-in-law.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š”, ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋”์ฐํ•œ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค ์Œ์•…์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And they had some, in my opinion, terrible Christmas music.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์Œ์•…์„ ๋“ค์„ ๋•Œ, ์ €๋Š” ์ข€ ๋” ๋‚ซ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And when I hear music that I don't like, I try to make it better.
์ž, "๋ฃจ๋Œํ”„ ์‚ฌ์Šด์ฝ”"๋ฅผ ์•„์‹œ์ฃ ?
So "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer" -- you know it?
(ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ) ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
(Whistling) But it can also sound like this.
(ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ) ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์˜ ์ €๋…์‹์‚ฌ ์ค‘์— ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ์—” ๊ต‰์žฅ์ด ์„ฑ๊ฐ€์…จ์ฃ .
(Whistling) But during a Christmas party -- at dinner actually -- it's very annoying.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฒ˜์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡ ๋ฒˆ์ด๊ณ  "์ œ๋ฐœ ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ ์ข€ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์„ธ์š”."๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
So my sister-in-law asked me a few times, "Please stop whistling."
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
And I just couldn't.