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์, ๋ง์ฝ ์ด ๋ฐฉ์ ๋ ๋ง์ ์ฌ๋์ด ์์๋ค๋ฉด ์ ํ๋ ์์ ์ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ง์ผ๋ก ์จ๋ฆํ๋ ๋์ ์์ ๋ป์ด ๋ ๋ง์ ์ฌ๋๋ค๊ณผ ์์ก์ ์๋ ์๊ฒ ์ฃ . | Now, if we had more people in the room, instead of just wrestling in a closed node, we might reach out and try and grab some other people. |
๊ทธ๊ฒ ๋ฐ๋ก ์ง๊ธ๋ถํฐ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ํ ์ผ์ด์์. | And in fact, that's what we're going to do right now. |
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ง๊ธ๋ถํฐ ์ด ๋ฐฉ์ ์๋ ์ฝ 1500 ๊ฐ์ ์์ง์๊ฐ๋ฝ๋ค์ ๋ชจ์์ ํ๋๋ก ์ฐ๊ฒฐํ๋ ค๊ณ ํด์. | We're going to try and get all, something like, I don't know, 1,500 thumbs in this room connected in a single node. |
๋ ์ธต์ ๋ชจ๋ ์ฐ๊ฒฐํด์ผ ํ๋๊น ์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ์ด ์์ธต์ ์๋ค๋ฉด ์๋๋ก ์์ ๋ป๊ฑฐ๋ ์๋์ธต์ ์๋ ๋ถ๋ค์ด ์์ ์๋ก ์ฌ๋ ค์ผ ๊ฒ ์ง์. | And we have to connect both levels, so if you're up there, you're going to be reaching down and reaching up. |
์, (์์) ์์ํ๊ธฐ์ ์์ ๋ค, ์ข์์. ๋์ด๋ฅผ ํ๋ ค๋๊น ์ ์ด ๋์ฃ . ์์ํ๊ธฐ ์์ ์ฌ๋ผ์ด๋ ํ ์ฅ๋ง ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋๊ธธ๊ฒ์. ์๋ํ๋ฉด ์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ์ด ์ด ๋์ด๋ฅผ ์ํ๊ฒ ๋๋ฉด ๋ช๋ช ๊ณ ๋๋ ๋จ๊ณ๊ฐ ์๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ์๋ ค์ฃผ๊ณ ์ถ๊ฑฐ๋ ์. | Now โ (Laughter) โ before we get started -- This is great. You're excited to play. โ before we get started, can I have the slides back up here really quick, because if you get good at this game, I want you to know there are some advanced levels. |
์ด๊ฑด ์ข ๊ฐ๋จํ์ฃ ? | So this is the kind of simple level, right? |
๊ทธ๋ ์ง๋ง ๊ณ ๊ธ ์ค์ ๋ ์์ด์ | But there are advanced configurations. |
์ด๊ฒ์ '์ฃฝ์์ ๋ณ ๋ชจ์'์ด์์. | This is called the Death Star Configuration. |
์ฌ๊ธฐ ์คํ์์ฆ ํฌ ์๋์? | Any Star Wars fans? |
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ด๊ฑด ๋ซผ๋น์ฐ์ค์ ๋ ์ธ๋ฐ์. | And this one's called the Mรถbius Strip. |
๊ณผํ ๊ดด์ง๋ค์ ์์ค ๊ฑฐ ์์. | Any science geeks, you get that one. |
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ด๊ฒ ์ต๊ณ ๋จ๊ณ์ธ๋ฐ์. ์ ๋ง ์ด๋ ค์์. | This is the hardest level. This is the extreme. |
๊ทธ๋์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ผ๋จ ์ผ๋ฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ์๋ก๋ฅผ ์ฐ๊ฒฐํ ๊ฑด๋ฐ 30 ์ด๋ฅผ ๋๋ฆดํ
๋๊น ๋ชจ๋ ์์ง ์๊ฐ๋ฝ์ ์๋ก ์ฐ๊ฒฐํ์ธ์. ์๋์ธต๊ณผ ์์ธต์ ๋ชจ๋ ์ฐ๊ฒฐํ์๊ณ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ๊ทธ์ชฝ ๋ถ๋ค์ ์๋๋ก ๋ด๋ ค๊ฐ์ธ์. | So we'll stick with the normal one for now, and I'm going to give you 30 seconds, every thumb into the node, connect the upper and the lower levels, you guys go on down there. |
30 ์ด์
๋๋ค. ์ฐ๊ฒฐํ์ธ์. ํ์ค๋ก ๋ง๋์ธ์. | Thirty seconds. Into the network. Make the node. |
์ผ์ด์์ธ์! ์ผ์ด๋๋ฉด ๋ ์ฌ์์. | Stand up! It's easier if you stand up. |
๋ชจ๋๋ค, ์ผ์ด๋์ธ์, ์ผ์ด๋์ธ์! | Everybody, up up up up up! |
์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ, ์ผ์ด๋์ธ์. | Stand up, my friends. |
์ข์์. | All right. |
์์ง ์จ๋ฆ์ ์์ํ์ง ๋ง์ธ์. | Don't start wrestling yet. |
์์ง ์๊ฐ๋ฝ์ ์ฐ๊ฒฐํ์ง ๋ชปํ๋ค๋ฉด ์๋ก ํ๋ค์ด๋ณด์ธ์. ๋ชจ๋ ์ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ ์ ์๋๋ก ํด์ผ๋์. | If you have a free thumb, wave it around, make sure it gets connected. |
์ข์ต๋๋ค. ๋ง์ง๋ง์ผ๋ก ์๊ฐ๋ฝ์ ํ์ธํด๋ณด์ฃ . | Okay. We need to do a last-minute thumb check. |
์ฐ๊ฒฐํ์ง ๋ชปํ ์๊ฐ๋ฝ์ด ์๋ค๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋ ์ฐ๊ฒฐํ ์ ์๋๋ก ํ๋ค์ด ๋ณด์ธ์. | If you have a free thumb, wave it around to make sure. |
์ ์๊ฐ๋ฝ ์ข ์ก์์ฃผ์ธ์! | Grab that thumb! |
๋ค๋ก ์ ๋ป์ผ์๋ฉด ๋์. ์ ํ์ด์. | Reach behind you. There you go. |
๋ค๋ฅธ ์๊ฐ๋ฝ๋ค์์? | Any other thumbs? |
์ข์์. 3์ด ๋ค์ ์์ํ ๊ฒ์. | Okay, on the count of three, you're going to go. |
๊ณ์ ํ์ธํ์ธ์. ์ก์ผ์ธ์, ์ก์ผ์ธ์! | Try to keep track. Grab, grab, grab it. |
๋๋์? ํ๋, ๋, ์
, ์์! | Okay? One, two, three, go! |
(์์) ์ด๊ธฐ์
จ๋์? ๋์
จ์ด์? ๋๋จํด์! | (Laughter) Did you win? You got it? You got it? Excellent! |
(๋ฐ์) ์ ํ์
จ์ด์. ๊ฐ์ฌํฉ๋๋ค. ๋งค์ฐ ๊ฐ์ฌํฉ๋๋ค. | (Applause) Well done. Thank you. Thank you very much. |
์ข์์ . | All right. |
๋ง์ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ํ๋ ์์ง ์๊ฐ๋ฝ ์จ๋ฆ์์ ์ต์ด์ ์น๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ปํ๋ฉฐ ์๊ณ ์๋ ๋์ ๊ธ์ ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ์ ์ ๋ํด ๊ฐ๋จํ ๋ณต์ต์ ํ ๊ฒ์. | of having won your first massively multiplayer thumb-wrestling game, let's do a quick recap on the positive emotions. |
ํธ๊ธฐ์ฌ. | So curiosity. |
"๋ง์ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ํ๋ ์์ง ์๊ฐ๋ฝ ์จ๋ฆ" ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์ ๊ฐ ๋งํ์ต๋๋ค. | I said "massively multiplayer thumb-wrestling." |
์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ์ ์ด๋ฌ์ ๊ฑฐ์์. "์ ์ฌ์๊ฐ ๋์ฒด ๋ฌด์จ ๋ง์ ํ๋ ๊ฑฐ์ผ?" | You were like, "What the hell is she talking about?" |
์ ๊ฐ ํธ๊ธฐ์ฌ์ ์กฐ๊ธ ๋ถ์ถ๊ฒผ์ฃ . | So I provoked a little curiosity. |
์ฐฝ์๋ ฅ: ์์ง ์๊ฐ๋ฝ ๋ชจ๋๋ฅผ ํ๋์ ๋ง๋๋ก ์๋ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ํธ๋๋ฐ๋ ์ฐฝ์๋ ฅ์ด ํ์ํ์ฃ . | Creativity: it took creativity to solve the problem of getting all the thumbs into the node. |
์ ๊ฐ ์ฃผ๋ณ์ผ๋ก ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์๋ก ๋ค๊ฐ๊ฐ๊ณ ์์ด์. | I'm reaching around and I'm reaching up. |
์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ์ด ์ฐฝ์๋ ฅ์ ์ด์ฉํ์ฃ . ํ๋ฅญํ์ด์. | So you used creativity. That was great. |
๋๋ผ์์ ์ด๋ค๊ฐ์? ๋ ์์ง๋ก ๋์์ ์จ๋ฆํ๋ ๋๋์ ๊ฝค ๋๋ผ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ถ์ด์ฃ . | How about surprise? The actual feeling of trying to wrestle two thumbs at once is pretty surprising. |
์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ์ ๋ฐฉ์์ ํจ์ฑ์ด ํฐ์ง๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ค์์ด์. | You heard that sound go up in the room. |
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ํฅ๋ถํ์ฃ . ์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ์ด ์จ๋ฆ์ ์์ํ๋ฉด์ ์ด ์ฌ๋์ ์ด๊ธฐ๋ ค๊ณ ํ๋ฉด์ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์ ํน ๋น ์ก์์์. ๊ทธ๋์ ํฅ๋ถ์ด ๋ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ . | We had excitement. As you started to wrestle, maybe you're starting to win or this person's, like, really into it, so you kind of get the excitement going. |
ํธ์ํจ๋ ๋๊ผ์ด์. ์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ์ ์ผ์ด๋์ผ ํ์ฃ . | We have relief. You got to stand up. |
์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ์ ๊ฝค ์ค๋ ์์์์๊ธฐ์ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ํผ๋ก๋ฅผ ๋จ์ณ๋ฒ๋ ค ํธ์ํ๊ฒ ๋๊ฑฐ์ฃ . | You've been sitting for awhile, so the physical relief, getting to shake it out. |
๊ธฐ์จ์ด ์์์ฃ . ์๊ณ ๋ฏธ์๋ฅผ ๋ ์์ด์. ์๋ก ์ผ๊ตด์ ๋ณด์ธ์. ๊ธฐ์จ์ผ๋ก ๊ฐ๋ํ์ฃ . | We had joy. You were laughing, smiling. Look at your faces. This room is full of joy. |
๋ง์กฑ์ค๋ฌ์๋ ๋๊ผ์ฃ . | We had some contentment. |
์ด ๋์ด๋ฅผ ํ๋ ๋์ ๋ฌธ์๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ด๊ฑฐ๋ ์ด๋ฉ์ผ์ ํ์ธํ๋ ์ฌ๋์ ๋ชป ๋ดค์ด์. ๋์ด๋ฅผ ํ๋๋ฐ ์์ฃผ ๋ง์กฑ์ค๋ฌ์ ์ฃ . | I didn't see anybody sending text messages or checking their email while we were playing, so you were totally content to be playing. |
๊ฐ์ฅ ์ค์ํ ์ธ๊ฐ์ง ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฉ์ง๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ด๋ก์์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ 1๋ถ ์์ ๋ชจ๋๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฐ๊ฒฐํ๋ค๋ ๋ฐ ์์ด์. | The most important three emotions, awe and wonder, we had everybody connected physically for a minute. |
์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ์ด TED์์ ๋ฐฉ์์ ์๋ ๋ชจ๋ ์ฌ๋๊ณผ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฐ๊ฒฐ๋์์ ๋๊ฐ ์ธ์ ์๋์? | When was the last time you were at TED and you got to connect physically with every single person in the room? |
์ด๊ฑด ์ ๋ง ๋ฉ์ง๊ณ ํ๋ฅญํ ์ผ์ด์ฃ . | And it's truly awesome and wondrous. |
๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ฐ๊ฒฐ์ ๋ํด ๋งํ์๋ฉด ์ ๋ ์ฅ์ํ ์ ์ด๋ผ๋ ํธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์ ์ข์ํ๋๋ฐ ์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ์ ์ฅ์ํ ์ ์ ๋ถ๋นํ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์์ ๋ชจ๋ ์ฌ๋๋ค๊ณผ ์ฐ๋๊ฐ์ ๋๋ผ๋ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ . | And speaking of physical connection, you guys know I love the hormone oxytocin, you release oxytocin, you feel bonded to everyone in the room. |
์ฅ์ํ ์ ์ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ๋นํ ์ ์๋ ๊ฐ์ฅ ์ข์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ๋๊ตฐ๊ฐ์ ์์ ์ ์ด๋ 6 ์ด ๋์ ์ก๋ ๊ฑฐ์์. | You guys know that the best way to release oxytocin quickly is to hold someone else's hand for at least six seconds. |
์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ์ ๋ชจ๋ 6 ์ด ์ด์ ์์ ์ก๊ณ ์์๊ณ ๊ทธ๋์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ด์ ์ํํ์ ์ผ๋ก ์๋ก๋ฅผ ์ฌ๋ํ๊ฒ๋ ๋๊ฑฐ์ฃ . ๋ฉ์ง์ฃ . | You guys were all holding hands for way more than six seconds, so we are all now biochemically primed to love each other. That is great. |
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋ง์ง๋ง ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ์๋ถ์ฌ์ด ์์ด์. | And the last emotion of pride. |
์ผ๋ง๋ ๋ง์ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ์ ์ ๊ฐ์ ์๊ฐ์ธ๊ฐ์. ๊ทธ๋ฅ ์ธ์ ํ์ธ์. | How many people are like me. Just admit it. |
์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ์ ์์ง ์๊ฐ๋ฝ ๋ ๋ค ์ก์์์. | You lost both your thumbs. |
์ ์ ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ์ฃ . | It just didn't work out for you. |
๊ทธ๋๋ ๊ด์ฐฎ์์. ์ค๋ ์๋ก์ด ๊ธฐ์ ์ ํ๋ ์ตํ์ผ๋๊น์. | That's okay, because you learned a new skill today. |
์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ์ ์ง๊ธ๊น์ง ๋ชฐ๋๋ ๋์ด๋ฅผ ์ฒ์๋ถํฐ ๋ฐฐ์ ์์์. | You learned, from scratch, a game you never knew before. |
์ด์ ์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ์ ์ด ๋์ด๋ฅผ ํ ์ ์๊ณ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋๋ค์๊ฒ ๊ฐ๋ฅด์ณ ์ค ์๋ ์๋๊ฑฐ์ฃ . | Now you know how to play it. You can teach other people. |
์ถํํฉ๋๋ค. | So congratulations. |
ํ ์๊ฐ๋ฝ๋ง ์ด๊ธด ๋ถ์ด ๋ช ๋ถ์ด๋ ๋์ฃ ? | How many of you won just won thumb? |
์ข์์. ์ข์ ์์์ ์๋ ค๋๋ฆด๊ฒ์. | All right. I have very good news for you. |
๋ง์ ์ฌ๋์ด ํ๋ ์์ง ์๊ฐ๋ฝ ์จ๋ฆ์ ๊ณต์ ๊ท์น์ ๋ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ์ ์ด ๋์ด์ ๊ทธ๋๋ ๋ง์คํฐ๊ฐ ๋ ์ ์์ด์. | According to the official rules of massively multiplayer thumb-wrestling, this makes you a grandmaster of the game. |
์๋ํ๋ฉด ์์ง๋ ๋ง์ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ์ด ๋์ด๋ฅผ ํ ์ค ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ฒด์ค ๊ฐ์ ๋์ด๋ณด๋ค ๋ ๋ง์ด ์๋ ค์ผ ํ๋๊น์. | Because there aren't that many people who know how to play, we have to kind of accelerate the program more than a game like chess. |
๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ์ถํํฉ๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋๋๋ง์คํฐ ์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ. | So congratulations, grandmasters. |
์์ง ์๊ฐ๋ฝ ํ๋๋ง ํ ๋ฒ ์ด๊ฒจ๋ ๊ทธ๋๋๋ง์คํฐ๊ฐ ๋ ์ ์์ด์. | Win one thumb once, you will become a grandmaster. |
์์ง ์๊ฐ๋ฝ ๋ ๋ค ์ด๊ธด ๋ถ ๊ณ์ญ๋๊น? | Did anybody win both their thumbs? |
์. ๋๋จํ๋ฐ์. ์ข์์. | Yes. Awesome. Okay. |
ํธ์ํฐ๋ ํ์ด์ค๋ถ์ ์ฌ๋ฆด ์ค๋น๋ฅผ ํ์ธ์. | Get ready to update your Twitter or Facebook status. |
์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ์ ๊ท์ ์ ๋ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ ์ค์ ๊ทธ๋๋๋ง์คํฐ์
๋๋ค. ์ถํ๋๋ฆฝ๋๋ค. | You guys, according to the rules, are legendary grandmasters, so congratulations. |
์ด ๋์ด๋ฅผ ๋ค์ ํ๊ณ ์ถ์ ๋๋ฅผ ์ํด์ ์กฐ์ธ์ ํ๋ ์๋ ค๋๋ฆฌ์ฃ . | I will just leave you with this tip, if you want to play again. |
์ ์ค์ ๊ทธ๋๋๋ง์คํฐ๊ฐ ๋๋ ๊ฐ์ฅ ์ข์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ์ด๊ฒ์
๋๋ค. ์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ์ ๋ ๋ง๋๋ก ์ฐ๊ฒฐ์ด ๋์ด ์์ฃ . | The best way to become a legendary grandmaster, you've got your two nodes going on. |
์ฌ์ ๋ณด์ด๋ ๋ง๋๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ฅด์ธ์. | Pick off the one that looks easiest. |
์๋ฌด๋ ์ฃผ์๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ธ์ด์ง ์๊ณ ์ฝํด ๋ณด์ด์์์. | They're not paying attention. They look kind of weak. |
๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์ ์ง์คํ ๋ค ์ด ํ๋ก ์๋ฌด ์ด์ํ ์ง์ด๋ ํ์ธ์. | Focus on that one and do something crazy with this arm. |
์ด๊ธฐ์๋ง์ ๊ฐ์๊ธฐ ๋ฉ์ถ์ธ์. | As soon as you win, suddenly stop. |
๋ชจ๋๊ฐ ๋๋น๊ตดํ
๊ณ , ๋ชจ๋๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์ฐ๋ฅด๋๊ฑฐ์ฃ . | Everybody is thrown off. You go in for the kill. |
๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ์๋ง์ ์ฌ๋๋ค๊ณผ์ ์์ง์๊ฐ๋ฝ ์จ๋ฆ์์ ์ ์ค์ ๊ทธ๋๋๋ง์คํฐ๊ฐ ๋ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค. | That's how you become a legendary grandmaster of massively multiplayer thumb-wrestling. |
์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ๊ป ์ ๊ฐ ์ข์ํ๋ ๋์ด๋ฅผ ์๋ ค๋๋ฆด ์ ์๋ ๊ธฐํ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์
์ ๊ณ ๋ง์ต๋๋ค. | Thank you for letting me teach you my favorite game. |
์์ฐ! (๋ฐ์) ๊ฐ์ฌํฉ๋๋ค. (๋ฐ์) ์ค๋ ๊ฐ์ฐ์์๋ ์๋ค๋ฅธ ์์ด๋์ด๋ฅผ ๋ง์๋๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ ํฉ๋๋ค. ์ ์กฐ๊ธฐ ์ ์ ๊ต์ก์ ํฌ์ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ๊ณต์ ํฌ์๋ถ๋ฌธ์์ ์ฃผ์ํ์ง ๋ง์ด์ง์. | Wooo! (Applause) Thank you. (Applause) In this talk today, I want to present a different idea for why investing in early childhood education makes sense as a public investment. |
์ด๊ฒ์ ๋จ๋ค๋ฅธ ์๊ฐ์
๋๋ค. ๋ณดํต ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ์ ์๊ธฐ ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์ ๋ํด ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ ๋ ๊ทธ๋ค์ ํ์๋ค์ด ๋ฐ๋ ์ข์ ํํ์ ์ ์น์ ์
ํ ์ ๋จ๊ณ ๊ต์ก์์๋ถํฐ ์ ์น์์ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์ด์ค๊ณ ๋ฑ ๊ณผ์ ๊น์ง ํ์
์ฑ์ ์ด ๋ ์ข์์ง๊ณ , ์ฑ์ธ์ด ๋์ด์๋ ๋ ๋์ ์๋์ ๊ฑฐ๋๋ค๋ ์ ์ ํตํด ์๊ธฐํ์ง์. | It's a different idea, because usually, when people talk about early childhood programs, they talk about all the wonderful benefits for participants in terms of former participants, in preschool, they have better K-12 test scores, better adult earnings. |
์ด๋ฐ ๊ฒ๋ค์ ๋งค์ฐ ์ค์ํฉ๋๋ค. ํ์ง๋ง ์ ๊ฐ ๋ง์๋๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ถ์ ์ ์ ์ทจํ ์ ๊ต์ก์ด ์ฃผ ๊ฒฝ์ ์ ์ฃผ ๊ฒฝ์ ๊ฐ๋ฐ ์ด์ง์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์ํฅ์
๋๋ค. | Now that's all very important, but what I want to talk about is what preschool does for state economies and for promoting state economic development. |
์ด๋ ๋งค์ฐ ๊ฒฐ์ ์ ์ธ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ์ ์๊ธฐ ๊ต์ก ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์ ํฌ์๋ฅผ ๋๋ฆฌ๋ ค๋ฉด ์ฃผ ์ ๋ถ๊ฐ ์ด๊ฒ์ ๊ด์ฌ์ ๊ฐ๋๋ก ๋ง๋ค์ด์ผ ํ๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ . | And that's actually crucial because if we're going to get increased investment in early childhood programs, we need to interest state governments in this. |
์ฐ๋ฐฉ ์ ๋ถ๋ ํ ์ผ์ด ์ฐ๋๋ฏธ๊ฐ๊ณ , ์ฃผ ์ ๋ถ์ ํ ์ผ๋ ์ ์ฐจ ๋์ด๊ฐ๊ณ ์์ง์. | The federal government has a lot on its plate, and state governments are going to have to step up. |
๊ทธ๋์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ฃผ ์ ๋ถ ์์๋ค์ด ์ดํดํ ์ ์๋ ๊ฒ, ์ฆ ์ฃผ ๊ฒฝ์ ์ ๋์์ด ๋๊ณ ๊ฒฝ์ ๊ฐ๋ฐ์ ์ด์งํ๋ ๋ฐฉํฅ์ ์๊ฐ์ ๋ง์ถ์ด์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค. | So we have to appeal to them, the legislators in the state government, and turn to something they understand, that they have to promote the economic development of their state economy. |
๊ฒฝ์ ๊ฐ๋ฐ์ ์ด์งํ๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ์ด๋ค ๋ง์ ๊ฐ์ ๊ฒ์ด ์๋๋๋ค. | Now, by promoting economic development, I don't mean anything magical. |
์ ๊ฐ ์๋ฏธํ๋ ๋ฐ๋, ์กฐ๊ธฐ ์ ์ ๊ต์ก์ด ์ง์ญ์ ๋ ๋ง๊ณ , ๋ ๋์ ์ผ์๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ค์ด ๋ด๊ณ , ์ง์ญ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์๋ค์ด ์ธ๊ตฌ ๋น ๋ ๋ง์ ์๋์ ์ป๋๋ก ํ๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์
๋๋ค. | All I mean is, is that early childhood education can bring more and better jobs to a state and can thereby promote higher per capita earnings for the state's residents. |
์, ์ ๋ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ์ฃผ์ ์ง์ญ ๊ฒฝ์ ๊ฐ๋ฐ์ ๋ํด ์๊ฐํ ๋ ์ผ๋ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฒ์์ ๊ทธ๋ค์ด ์๋ ๋ณดํธ์ ์ ์ ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์ ๋ํด ๋ฌด์์ ํ๋์ง ์๊ฐํ์ง ์๋๋ค๊ณ ๋ด
๋๋ค. | Now, I think it's fair to say that when people think about state and local economic development, they don't generally think first about what they're doing about childcare and early childhood programs. |
์ ์๊ณ ์์ต๋๋ค. ์ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์ ๋๋ถ๋ถ์ ์ด๋ฐ ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌํ๋๋ฐ ์์์ง์. | I know this. I've spent most of my career researching these programs. |
์ ๋ ์ด๋ฐ ์๋ง์ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ๋ค๋ฃจ๋ ์ฃผ ๊ฒฝ์ ๊ฐ๋ฐ ์์ํ ์์๋ค๊ณผ ๋ ์๋ง์ ์ํ ์์๋ค๊ณผ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ ์ ๋ํด ์๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋๋ด์ต๋๋ค. | I've talked to a lot of directors of state economic development agencies about these issues, a lot of legislators about these issues. |
์์๋ค์ ๋น๋กฏํ ์ด๋ค์ด ๊ฒฝ์ ๊ฐ๋ฐ์ ๋ํด ์๊ฐํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ์ฌ์
์ธ์ ํํ์ด๋, ์ฌ์ฐ์ธ ์ถ์, ์ผ์๋ฆฌ ์ฐฝ์ถ ์ธ์ ํํ ๋ฑ ์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ๋ค์ด ์์๋ ์ด๋ฐ ์๋ง๊ฐ์ง์ ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์
๋๋ค. | When legislators and others think about economic development, what they first of all think about are business tax incentives, property tax abatements, job creation tax credits, you know, there are a million of these programs all over the place. |
์๋ฅผ ๋ค์๋ฉด ์ฃผ ์ ๋ถ๋ ๋งค์ฐ ํ๋ฐํ๊ฒ ์๋ก์ด ์๋์ฐจ ๊ณต์ฅ์ ์ ์นํ๊ฑฐ๋ ํ์ฅํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ๊ฒฝ์ํฉ๋๋ค. | So for example, states compete very vigorously to attract new auto plants or expanded auto plants. |
๋ชจ๋ ์ข
๋ฅ์ ์ธ๊ธ ๊ฐ๋ฉด ํํ์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ๋์ค์ฃ . | They hand out all kinds of business tax breaks. |
์, ์ด๋ฐ ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ๋ค์ ์๋ก์ด ์ฅ์๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ ํ ๋ ์๋ฏธ๊ฐ ์์ต๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๊ทธ๋ค์ด ์ดํด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ๋ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ๋ ๋ง๊ณ , ๋์ ์ผ์๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ ๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ด๊ณ , ์ทจ์
๋ฅ ์ ๋์ด๊ณ , ์ง์ญ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์์ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋น ์๋์ ๋๋ฆฐ๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ด์ฃ . | Now, those programs can make sense if they in fact induce new location decisions, and the way they can make sense is, by creating more and better jobs, they raise employment rates, raise per capita earnings of state residents. |
์ฆ ์ง์ญ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋ค์ด ์ด๋ฐ ์ฌ์
์ธ์ ํํ์ ์์๋๋ ๋น์ฉ์ ์ง๋ถํจ์ผ๋ก์จ ์ป๋ ์๋์ด ์๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ด์ฃ . | So there is a benefit to state residents that corresponds to the costs that they're paying by paying for these business tax breaks. |
์ ์ฃผ์ฅ์ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ์ ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ๋ค์ด ์ ํํ ๊ฐ์ ํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ ธ์จ๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์
๋๋ค. ๋ ๋ง๊ณ ๋์ ์ผ์๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์ถํ์ง๋ง, ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ง๋๋ค. | My argument is essentially that early childhood programs can do exactly the same thing, create more and better jobs, but in a different way. |
๋ค์๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ด์ง์. | It's a somewhat more indirect way. |
์ด๋ฐ ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ๋ค์ ํตํด ๋์ ์์ค์ ์ ์น์์ ๋ง๋๋ ๋ฐ ํฌ์ํจ์ผ๋ก์ ๋ ๋ง๊ณ ์ข์ ์ผ์๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์ถํฉ๋๋ค. ์ง์ญ ๋
ธ๋๋ ฅ์ ๊ธฐ์ ์ ๊ฐ๋ฐํ๊ณ ๊ทธ๋ค์ด ๊ณ์ ๊ทธ ์ง์ญ์ ๋จธ๋ฌธ๋ค๋ฉด ๋์ ์์ค์ ์ง์ญ ๋
ธ๋๋ ฅ์ด ์ผ์๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ค๊ณ ์ง์ญ ์ฌํ์ ๋์ ์ธ๊ตฌ ๋๋น ์๋์ ์ฐฝ์ถํ๋ ์ค์ ๋๋ ฅ์ด ๋ฉ๋๋ค. | These programs can promote more and better jobs by, you build it, you invest in high-quality preschool, it develops the skills of your local workforce if enough of them stick around, and, in turn, that higher-quality local workforce will be a key driver of creating jobs and creating higher earnings per capita in the local community. |
์ด์ ๋ช๋ช ์ซ์๋ค์ ์ดํด๋ณผ๊น์. | Now, let me turn to some numbers on this. |