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ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืฉืชื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืžืชืืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงื˜ืข ื”ื–ื”.
ืคื ืกื™ ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื”ื‘ื”ื‘ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื‘ืฉืจืช ืจืขื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ื•ื”ื˜ื™ืœื• ืฆืœ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืœื›ืช.
ืžืคื—ื™ื“, ืฆืœืœื™ื.
ืื™ืš ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ื–ื” ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืœืงื•ื—?
ื”ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื›ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืžื‘ื™ืช ืืคืœ ืžื’ื™ืข ืขื ืฉื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืกื˜ืจื™ืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืœ Apple Watch Music.
ืžื•ืฆืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ืข ืœืœืงื•ื— ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ืื–ื ื” ืžืฉื•ืคืจืช ื•ื ื•ื—ื”. ืขื ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื—ื™ื ืžื™ืช ืœืžืฉืš ืฉื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืกื˜ืจื™ืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืœ Apple Watch Music, ื”ืœืงื•ื— ื™ื™ื”ื ื” ืžืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื ืจื—ื‘ืช ื•ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื•ืืžื ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืงืฆื•ืช ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืชื™ื•. ื”ื ื’ื ื™ื™ื”ื ื• ืžื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืื–ื ื” ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื‘ืœื™ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืกื—ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื›ื ืžืกืคืง ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ืกื˜ืจื™ืžื™ื ื’ ื—ืœืงื”. ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื–ื•, ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืขื ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื›ื, ืชืกืคืง ืœืœืงื•ื— ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืกื•ื—ืคืช ื•ื ื˜ื•ืœืช ื˜ืจื—ื” ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืชื ื•ืขื”.
ื›ืชื‘ื• ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืžื•ืŸ ื”ื ืฉื™ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื•ืœื™ื‘ื™ื”.
nan
ื”ืืจืžื•ืŸ ื”ื ืฉื™ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื•ืœื™ื‘ื™ื”, ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ื• "Palacio Quemado" (ืืจืžื•ืŸ ืฉืจื•ืฃ), ื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ื ื• ื”ืจืฉืžื™ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื”ืคืœื•ืจ-ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืœื™ื‘ื™ื”. ื”ื•ื ืžืžื•ืงื ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœื” ืคืืก, ื‘ืคืœืื–ื” ืžื•ืจื™ืœื•. ื”ืืจืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื‘ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื”ื ื™ืื•-ืงืœืืกื™ืช ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ืฉืœื• ืฉืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืืช ื”ืคืืจ ื•ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœื•. ื‘ื ื™ื™ืชื• ื”ื—ืœื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 1825, ื•ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ืจ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฆื™ื, ืขื ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืกื™ื™ืขื• ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ื• ื”ื‘ืชื•ืœื™. ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื "ืืจืžื•ืŸ ืฉืจื•ืฃ" ื ื‘ืข ืžืฉืชื™ ื”ืฉืจื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืคืงื“ื• ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื‘ืžืื” ื”-19. ืคื ื™ื ื”ืืจืžื•ืŸ ืžืขื•ื˜ืจ ื‘ืจื™ื”ื•ื˜ ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ ื•ื—ื“ืจื™ื ืžืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื, ื‘ื”ื ื ืขืจื›ื™ื ื˜ืงืกื™ื ื•ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืืจืžื•ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื’ื ื™ื ื™ืคื™ื ืขื ืฆืžื—ื™ื™ื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืขืฆื™ืžื” ืืช ื™ื•ืคื™ื• ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™.
ื”ืฆืข ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื ืกื™ืขื”.
nan
1. **ื”ื™ื• ื’ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืชืืจื™ื›ื™ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ื•ื”ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื:** ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืชืขื•ืคื” ื•ื‘ืชื™ ืžืœื•ืŸ ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื•ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื˜ื™ืกื•ืช ื•ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืœื™ื ื” ื‘ืขื•ื ืช ื”ืฉืคืœ ืื• ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ ื ืกื™ืขื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื. ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืชืืจื™ื›ื™ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ืื• ื”ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืฉืœืš ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืกืคืง ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืฆื‘ื™ ื ืกื™ืขื” ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ืื• ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ ื’ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื ื™ื›ืจ. 2. **ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืชื’ืžื•ืœ ืœื ืกื™ืขื•ืช:** ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืชืขื•ืคื”, ื‘ืชื™ ืžืœื•ืŸ ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ ืืฉืจืื™ ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ืขื•ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืชื’ืžื•ืœ ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ื”ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื. ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื‘ื™ืจืช ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืื• ืžื™ื™ืœื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืกื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื ืื• ืžื•ื–ืœื•ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืžืœื•ืŸ, ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืฉื›ืจื” ื•ืขื•ื“. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ืœื ื™ื•ื–ืœื˜ืจื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืชืขื•ืคื” ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื•ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื. 3. **ื—ืกื•ืš ื‘ืื•ื›ืœ, ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื:** ืื›ื™ืœื” ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื‘ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช ื›ืœ ืืจื•ื—ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช. ืฉืงื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืœื™ื ื” ื”ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืืจื•ื—ืช ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื—ื™ื ื, ืื• ื‘ืืœื” ืขื ืžื˜ื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ืฉืœ ืืช ื”ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœืš. ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช, ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืื• ืจื›ื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืงื—ืช ืžื•ื ื™ืช ืื• ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืจื›ื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื’ื ืœื—ืกื•ืš ืœืš ื›ืกืฃ. ื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืกื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื ืื• ืžื•ื–ืœื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื›ื ื™ืกื” ื—ื™ื ื, ืื• ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ ื”ืžืขื ื™ืง ืœืš ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžืกืคืจ ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื•ื–ืœ ืื—ื“.
ืฆื•ืจ ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืœืžืืžืจ ืžื—ืงืจ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.
nan
"ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช: ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ื” ื•ืขืชื™ื“"
ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ืžืชื— ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืœื—ืฅ ื’ื‘ื•ื”.
nan
1. ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืชืขื“ื•ืฃ: ืื—ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืžืชื— ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืœื—ืฅ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ื™ืขื™ืœ ื•ืชืขื“ื•ืฃ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืจืฉื™ืžืช ืžื˜ืœื•ืช, ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื ื•ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืžืฉื ื” ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœืš ื•ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืงื•ื“ื, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืœื—ืฅ ืฉืœืš ื•ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœืš. 2. ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืคื™ื” ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™: ื“ืจืš ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืžืชื— ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืคื™ื” ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ืคืกืงื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ืชืจื’ื•ืœ ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช ื•ืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื”, ืื• ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื’ื ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉื™ืช ื•ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœืš, ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ื ื” ืžืกืคืงืช, ืื›ื™ืœืช ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื•ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืคื™ื” ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ื‘ืฉื’ืจืช ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื ืฉืœืš, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืžืชื— ื•ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืจื•ื›ื– ื•ืจื’ื•ืข ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืœื—ืฅ ื’ื‘ื•ื”.
ืžื” ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืจื“ื•ืŸ ืœื“ื•ืจื‘ืŸ?
nan
ื™ืฉื ื ืžืกืคืจ ืงื•ื•ื™ ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืจื“ื•ืŸ ืœื“ื•ืจื‘ืŸ: - ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื™ื•ื ืงื™ื. - ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ืœื”, ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื•ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื™ื•ื. - ืœืฉื ื™ื”ื ื—ื•ื˜ื ืืจื•ืš ื•ื˜ืคืจื™ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืคืฉ ืžื–ื•ืŸ. - ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื—ืจืงื™ื ื•ื—ืกืจื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื™ื. - ืœืฉื ื™ื”ื ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ื”ื’ื ื”. ืœื“ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืงื•ืœืžื•ืกื™ื ื”ืžื’ื™ื ื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืžืคื ื™ ื˜ื•ืจืคื™ื, ื•ื”ื—ืจื“ื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืคื•ืจ ืžืื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกืชืชืจ ืžืคื ื™ ืกื›ื ื”. - ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื—ื•ืคืคื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ื•ืžื–ืจื— ืืคืจื™ืงื”. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืฉืชื™ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืื™ื ืŸ ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืงืฉืจ ื”ื“ื•ืง. ื”ื—ืจื“ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืกื“ืจ Tubulidentata ื•ื”ื•ื ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืคื™ืœื™ื, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ื“ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืกื“ืจ Rodentia ื•ืงืฉื•ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืžื›ืจืกืžื™ื.
ืฆื•ืจ ืžืชื›ื•ื ื™ื ืœืœื–ื ื™ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ืช.
nan
ืœืคื ื™ื›ื ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื™ื ืœืœื–ื ื™ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืจืชืช 4-6 ืื ืฉื™ื: ืžืฆืจื›ื™ื: - 1 ืงื™ืœื• ืื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื–ื ื™ื” - 1 ื›ืฃ ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช - 1 ื‘ืฆืœ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ ื—ืชื•ืš ืœืงื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช - 3 ืฉื™ื ื™ ืฉื•ื, ืงืฆื•ืฆื•ืช - 1 ืงื™ืœื• ื˜ื•ืคื• ื™ืฆื™ื‘, ืžืกื•ื ื ื™ื ื•ืžืคื•ืจืจื™ื - 1 ื—ื‘ื™ืœืช 10 ืื•ื ืงื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืจื“ ืงืคื•ื, ืžื•ืคืฉืจ ื•ืžืกื ืŸ - 2 ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืจื•ื˜ื‘ ื”ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ืš - 1 ื›ื•ืก ื’ื‘ื™ื ืช ืจื™ืงื•ื˜ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ืช - 2 ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื’ื‘ื™ื ืช ืžื•ืฆืจืœื” ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ืช, ืžื’ื•ืจืจืช - ืžืœื— ื•ืคืœืคืœ ืœืคื™ ื”ื˜ืขื - ืขืœื™ ื‘ื–ื™ืœื™ืงื•ื ื˜ืจื™ื™ื, ืœืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช : 1. ืžื—ืžืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื ื•ืจ ืœ-375ยฐF (190ยฐC). 2. ืžื‘ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ืื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืœื–ื ื™ื” ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืืจื™ื–ื”, ืขื“ ืฉื”ืŸ ืืœ ื“ื ื˜ื”. 3. ื‘ืžื—ื‘ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžื—ืžืžื™ื ืืช ืฉืžืŸ ื”ื–ื™ืช ืขืœ ืืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช. ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืฆืœ ื•ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืžื˜ื’ื ื™ื ื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช ืื• ืขื“ ืฉื”ื‘ืฆืœ ืจืš. 4. ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ืคื• ื•ื”ืชืจื“ ืœื˜ื™ื’ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ืฉืœื™ื ืขื•ื“ 5 ื“ืงื•ืช. 5. ืžื•ืจื—ื™ื ืžืขื˜ ืจื•ื˜ื‘ ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืชื—ืชื™ืช ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ืืคื™ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ 9x13 ืื™ื ืฅ'. 6. ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืžืขืœ ื”ืจื•ื˜ื‘ ืฉื›ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืœื–ื ื™ื” ื”ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœื•ืช, ื•ืื—ืจื™ื” ืฉื›ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืคื• ื•ื”ืชืจื“. ืžื•ืจื—ื™ื ืžืขื˜ ื’ื‘ื™ื ืช ืจื™ืงื•ื˜ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ืช ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืคื• ื•ื”ืชืจื“. 7. ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืขื“ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื, ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ื‘ืช ืื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืขืœ. 8. ื™ื•ืฆืงื™ื ืืช ืจื•ื˜ื‘ ื”ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื–ื ื™ื” ื•ืžืคื–ืจื™ื ืžืขืœ ืืช ื’ื‘ื™ื ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจืœื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ืช. 9. ืžื›ืกื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืจ ื›ืกืฃ ื•ืื•ืคื™ื 25 ื“ืงื•ืช. 10. ืžืกื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื ื™ื™ืจ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื•ืื•ืคื™ื ืขื•ื“ 10-15 ื“ืงื•ืช, ืื• ืขื“ ืฉื”ื’ื‘ื™ื ื” ื ืžืกื” ื•ืžื‘ืขื‘ืขืช. 11. ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืœืœื–ื ื™ื” ืœื”ืชืงืจืจ ื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื”ื’ืฉื”. 12. ืžืงืฉื˜ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื‘ื–ื™ืœื™ืงื•ื ื˜ืจื™ื™ื. ืชื”ื ื” ืžื”ืœื–ื ื™ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื˜ืขื™ืžื” ืฉืœืš!
ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื”ื ืชื•ื ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืขื•ืœื”.
4, 32, 6, 87
ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืžืžื•ื™ื ืช ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืขื•ืœื”: 4, 6, 32, 87
ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื” ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ืช, ืฆืจื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืงืฆืจ.
ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืชื—ืชื™ืช
ืœื ื” ืขืœืชื” ืขืœ ืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ื”ื•ืžื”, ืกื‘ื›ืช ื”ืžืชื›ืช ื”ืžื•ื›ืจืช ืžืชื—ืช ืœืจื’ืœื™ื” ืžืงืจืงืฉืช ื—ืจื™ืฉื™ืช ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืฉืชื” ืืช ื“ืจื›ื” ืœืžื•ืฉื‘ ืจื™ืง ืกืžื•ืš. ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืชื—ื‘ื” ืืช ืืจื ืงื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื’ืœื™ื”, ืžืขื™ืคื” ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ืงืœื˜ื• ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื ืื• ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื. ื›ืฉื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ื—ืœื” ืœืจืขืฉ ืงื“ื™ืžื”, ืœื ื” ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฃ ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ ืฉืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื—ืœื•ืŸ ืฉืœื” ืžื˜ืฉื˜ืฉ ืœืคืกื™ื ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื™ื. ื•ื”ื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ืœื” ืฉืœื ืœื—ื™ื™ืš ื›ืฉื ื–ื›ืจื” ื‘ื”ืจืคืชืงืื•ืชื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื›ื™ืœื“ื”, ื•ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืคื ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืœ ืจื›ื‘ืช ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ื ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ ืืงื–ื•ื˜ื™ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•. ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืžื ื”, ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื‘ืื™ืฉื” ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจืช ืฉื ืื‘ืงืช ืœื”ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื” ื”ื›ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœื” ืขืœ ืžืชืœื” ื”ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืžืขืœ. ืœื ื” ื ื›ื ืกื” ืœืคืขื•ืœื”, ืขืฉืชื” ืืช ื“ืจื›ื” ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืขื–ื•ืจ. ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื—ื™ื™ื›ื” ื‘ื”ืขืจื›ื”, ื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืืกืชืจ ื•ื”ื•ื“ืชื” ืœืœื ื” ืขืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื”. ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื—ื—ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืืจ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืชื—ืชื™ืช, ื•ืฉื™ืชืคื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžืกืขื•ืชื™ื”ื, ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ืชืงื•ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืœืขืชื™ื“. ื›ืืฉืจ ืœื ื” ื™ืจื“ื” ืžื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ื ื” ืฉืœื”, ื”ื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ืœื” ืฉืœื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืกื™ืจืช ืชื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉื™ืฆืจื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ื”ืงืฆืจื” ืฉืœื”. ื•ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืฉืชื” ืืช ื“ืจื›ื” ืืœ ื”ืจืฆื™ืฃ ื•ืืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืฉื•ืงืงืช, ื”ื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ืœื” ืœื—ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืจืคืชืงืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœื”.
ื”ื•ืกืฃ ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ืงื•ื“ ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชื•ื•ื™ื ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื ื•ืชื•ื•ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื.
# ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช Python 3 ืœืื™ืžื•ืช # ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช IPv4 # ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ืœืื™ืžื•ืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช IPv4 ื ืชื•ื ื”. def validate_IPv4(s): l = s.split(".") if len(l) != 4: return False ืขื‘ื•ืจ x ื‘-l: ืื ืœื x.isdigit() ืื• int(x)>255: return False return True # Driver Code s = "192.168.1.2" if validate_IPv4(s): print("valid") else: print("Invalid")
ื”ื ื” ื”ืงื•ื“ ื”ืžืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ืชื•ื•ื™ื ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื ื•ืชื•ื•ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื: ```python # Python 3 program to validate # IPv4 address import re def validate_char(s): """ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”-IP ืžืืžืชืช ืชื•ื•ื™ื ื—ื•ืงื™ื™ื""" = re.compile(r'[@_!#$%^&*()<>?/\|}{~:]') if(pattern.search(s) == None): return True else: return False def validate_octet(s): """ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืชื• ื”ื›ืœืœื™""" if s == "*": return True if s == "-": ื”ื—ื–ืจ True ืื ืœื s.isdigit() ืื• int(s) ) > 255: return False return True def validate_IPv4(s): """ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ืœืื™ืžื•ืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช IPv4 ื ืชื•ื ื”""" l = s.split(".") ืื ืœื validate_char(s): return False if len(l) ) != 4: ื”ื—ื–ืจ False ืขื‘ื•ืจ x ื‘-l: ืื ืœื validate_octet(x): return False return True # ืงื•ื“ ื ื”ื’ s = "192.168.*.-" if validate_IPv4(s): print("valid") else: print ("ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™") ``` ื‘ืงื•ื“ ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืกืคืชื™ ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืชื•ื•ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื•ืชื•ื•ื™ื ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื˜ืช `validate_char` ื•-`validate_octet` ื‘ื”ืชืืžื”. ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืช `validate_char`, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืจื’ื•ืœืจื™ ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื ืงื™ื™ื ืชื• ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™ ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”-IP. ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืช `validate_octet`, ื ื‘ื“ืง ืื ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื•ืช ืชืงืคื•ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืกืคืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ 0-255, ื•-'*' ื•-'-' ื”ื ืชื•ื•ื™ื ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื. ื›ืขืช, ื”ืงื•ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืชื•ื•ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื•ืชื•ื•ื™ื ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”-IP.
ื‘ื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ื•ื™ื ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืœื™ื™ื, ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืกื•ื’ ื”ืกื•ืœื ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืœื™ ืฉื”ื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื.
D, E, F#, G, A, B, C#
ื”ืกื˜ ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชื•ื•ื™ื ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืœื™ื™ื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืกื•ืœื D ืžื–'ื•ืจ.
ืงื— ืืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืงืœื˜ ื•ืขืฉื” ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืงืกืคืจืกื™ื‘ื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืžื˜ืืคื•ืจื”.
ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ื•ื ืจืฉืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช.
ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ื•ื ืจืฉืช ืขื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช, ื”ืฉื•ื–ืจืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื›ืœ ืคื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
ืฆื•ืจ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžืชืืจ ืขืฆื ื ืข.
nan
ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื•ื ื–ื” ื”ืขืชื™ืง ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ืœื—ื™ื™ื, ื›ืฉื”ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ื”ืžื›ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื• ื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื• ื•ื”ืชืคืชืœื•, ื•ื”ื ื™ืขื• ืืช ืžื—ื•ื’ื™ื• ื”ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืงื•ื“ ื—ื™ื ื ื™ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืคื ื™ื•.
ื”ื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื˜ ืื—ื“ ืœืคืกืงื” ื–ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื” ืœืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื’'ื•ืŸ ืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืžื›ืœืœื” ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”. ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืžืื•ื“.
ื‘ื–ืžื ื• ื”ืคื ื•ื™, ื’'ื•ืŸ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ, ืœื ืกื•ืช ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืœืฆืœื ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ืžื”.
ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืžืฉ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืชื—.
nan
1. **ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช**: ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืžืชื— ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืื ื“ื•ืจืคื™ื ื™ื, ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื. ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ื’ื ืžืฉืคืจืช ืืช ืžืฆื‘ืš ื”ื ืคืฉื™ ื•ืืช ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ืžืคื—ื™ืชื” ืืช ืจืžื•ืช ื”ื—ืจื“ื”. 2. **ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™**: ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื–ืžืŸ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืขืฆืžืš ื•ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉื™ืช ืฉืœืš ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืš ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืจื’ื•ืขื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืจื’ื•ืขื” ื•ื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื”, ื™ื•ื’ื” ืื• ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ื ืฉื™ืžื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืจื—ื‘ ืžืจื’ื™ืข ื‘ืฉื’ืจืช ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื ืฉืœืš. 3. **ื”ื™ืฉืืจื• ืžืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื**: ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช, ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉื’ื”, ืชืขื“ื•ืฃ ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืœื•ื— ื–ืžื ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืœื—ืฅ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืชืŸ ืžื‘ื ื” ื•ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื. 4. **ืงื‘ืœ ืชืžื™ื›ื”**: ืืœ ืชืคื—ื“ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ื, ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ืื• ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ืœืชืžื™ื›ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืœื—ืฅ. ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืื’ื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ืื’ื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื”ืœื—ืฅ ื•ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืื•ืชืš ืžืงื•ืจืงืข. 5. **ืงื— ื”ืคืกืงื•ืช**: ื”ืคืกืงื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื™ื•ื ืื• ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืคื ืื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืžืฆื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืœื—ืฅ. ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ื™ืจื’ืข ื•ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืชื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื ืื• ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืฉืžื—ื”.
ื›ืชื‘ื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ ืขืœ ืคื™ืจืื˜ ืฉืžื•ืฆื ืื•ืฆืจ ื—ื‘ื•ื™.
nan
ืคืขื, ื”ื™ื” ืคื™ืจืื˜ ื‘ืฉื ื’'ืง. ื’'ืง ื”ื™ื” ื”ืงืคื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ืกืคื™ื ื” ืื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ืฉื ื”ืคื ื™ื ื” ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื”. ื”ื•ื ื•ืฆื•ื•ืชื• ื”ืคืœื™ื’ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื”ืจืคืชืงืื•ืช ื•ืื•ืฆืจ. ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ื’'ืง ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžืคื” ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ืช ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื•ืชื™ืง. ื”ืžืคื” ื”ืจืืชื” ืืช ืžื™ืงื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืื•ืฆืจ ื—ื‘ื•ื™ ืฉื ืงื‘ืจ ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืš ืื™. ื’'ืง ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื”ืคืœื™ื’ ืœืื™, ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ืœืชื‘ื•ืข ืื•ืชื• ื›ืฉืœื•. ืœืื—ืจ ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื, ื’'ืง ื•ืฆื•ื•ืชื• ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ืœืื™. ื”ื ืขื’ื ื• ืืช ืกืคื™ื ืชื ื•ืขืฉื• ืืช ื“ืจื›ื ืืœ ื”ื’'ื•ื ื’ืœ ื”ืฆืคื•ืฃ ืฉื›ื™ืกื” ืืช ื”ืื™. ื’'ืง ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš, ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืคื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื“ืจื™ืš ืื•ืชื ืœืขื‘ืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ. ื›ืฉื”ื ืขืฉื• ืืช ื“ืจื›ื ืขืžื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื’'ื•ื ื’ืœ, ื’'ืง ื•ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื ืชืงืœื• ื‘ืกื›ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช. ื”ื ื ืœื—ืžื• ืžื•ืœ ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื ืœื—ืžื• ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื‘ื•ื’ื“. ืื‘ืœ ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื’'ืง ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ืชืขืจืขืจื”. ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื ื—ื•ืฉ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ืœืชื‘ื•ืข ืื•ืชื• ื›ืฉืœื•. ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืœืื—ืจ ื™ืžื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉื™ื, ื’'ืง ื•ืฆื•ื•ืชื• ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืกื•ืžืŸ ื‘ืžืคื”. ื”ื ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื—ืคื•ืจ, ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื ื—ืฉืคื• ื—ื–ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื’'ืง ืคืชื— ื‘ืฉืงื™ืงื” ืืช ื”ื—ื–ื”, ื•ืขื™ื ื™ื• ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื• ื‘ืชื“ื”ืžื” ืžืžื” ืฉืจืื”. ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืฆืจ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืคืจื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื’'ืง. ืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ื–ื”ื‘, ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื ื™ืงืจื™ื ื•ื—ืคืฆื™ื ื™ืงืจื™ ืขืจืš ืžื™ืœืื• ืืช ื”ื—ื–ื”. ื’'ืง ื•ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ื”ืืžื™ื ื• ืœืžื–ืœื. ื”ื ืžืฆืื• ืืช ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ื—ื‘ื•ื™! ืขื ืขื•ืฉืจื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ, ื’'ืง ื•ืฆื•ื•ืชื• ื”ืคืœื™ื’ื• ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื ืžืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ืฉื ื—ื™ื• ืืช ืฉืืจื™ืช ื™ืžื™ื”ื ื‘ืคืืจ ื•ื‘ื ื•ื—ื•ืช. ื’'ืง ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ืœืื—ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืจืคืชืงื” ื•ื—ื™ื™ืš, ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉื”ื’ืฉื™ื ืืช ื—ืœื•ืžื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ื—ื‘ื•ื™.
ื–ื”ื” ืืช ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื™ืขื™ืœ
nan
ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื•, ืืžื™ืŸ, ืžืคื’ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื–ืžื” ื•ืฉื—ืงืŸ ืฆื•ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘. ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื: 1. ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช: ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืžืžื•ืงื“ ื•ื™ืขื™ืœ, ืžืฉื™ื’ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื™ืขื“ื™ื• ื•ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ืขื“ื™ื ืฉืœื•. 2. ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช: ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื™ืขื™ืœ ืžืชืงืฉืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืขื ืื—ืจื™ื, ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื”. 3. ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช: ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืœื•ืงื— ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื•ืื—ืจืื™ ืขืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื•. ื”ื ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืœืชื™ืงื•ื ืŸ. 4. ื’ื™ืฉื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช: ื’ื™ืฉื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืขื•ืฉื” ื“ืจืš ืืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช. ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื™ืขื™ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™, ื ืœื”ื‘ ื•ืžืงื“ื ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช. 5. ืžื•ืกืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ื–ืง: ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื™ืขื™ืœ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื•ืžืคื’ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืกืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ื–ืง. ื”ื ืžืžื•ืฉืžืขื™ื, ื“ื™ื™ืงื™ื ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื›ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื. 6. ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืกืชื’ืœื•ืช: ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื™ืขื™ืœ ื”ื•ื ื’ืžื™ืฉ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืกืชื’ืœ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืžืฆื‘ื™ื, ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืื• ื“ืจื›ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช. ื”ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื•ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™. 7. ืžืžื•ืงื“ ืžื˜ืจื”: ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื™ืขื™ืœ ืžืžื•ืงื“ ืžื˜ืจื” ื•ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื›ืื—ื“. ื”ื ืžืชืžืงื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉื’ืช ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื•ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื—. ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื•ื ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ืžืชืงืฉืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ืื—ืจืื™, ื‘ืขืœ ื’ื™ืฉื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช, ืžืคื’ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืกืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ื–ืง, ืžืกืชื’ืœ ื•ืžืžื•ืงื“ ืžื˜ืจื”. ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืœื• ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื•ืฆืœื—ืช ื•ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื•ื”ืฆืœื—ืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ.
ื‘ื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื, ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื•ืชื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื“ื™ืžื•ื™.
ื”ื™ื ืขื–ืจื” ืžืื•ื“. ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืกื‘ืœื ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ื›ืžื• ืžืฆืคืŸ ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืžื‘ืœื‘ืœ. ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืกื‘ืœื ื™ ื›ืžื• ืขืฅ ืืœื•ืŸ ื–ืงืŸ ื•ื—ื›ื ืฉืขืžื“ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ ื‘ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
ืžืฆื ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื–ื”:
ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœื—ื ื•ืช ืœืงื ื•ืช ื—ืœื‘
ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื "ื—ื ื•ืช".
ืชืŸ ืฉื ืœืืชืจ ืื• ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ืจืฉืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช
nan
ืืชืจ ืื• ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ืจืฉืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง.
ืงื‘ืข ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื›ืจื™ืชืช ื™ืขืจื•ืช.
nan
ื›ืจื™ืชืช ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืคืขื•ืœืช ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืฆื™ื ื•ื™ืขืจื•ืช, ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื—ืงืœืื•ืช, ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ืื• ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช. ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืœื ื•ืฉื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™, ืขื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช. ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื›ืจื™ืชืช ื™ืขืจื•ืช: 1. ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื—ืงืœืื™ืช: ืื—ื“ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืœื›ืจื™ืชืช ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื™ืขืจ ืœืื“ืžื•ืช ื—ืงืœืื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืื“ื ื”ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื’ื“ืœื”. 2. ื›ืจื™ืชืช ืขืฆื™ื: ื›ืจื™ืชืช ืขืฆื™ื ืžืกื—ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืกื™ื‘ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ืจื•ืชื™ื ืขืฆื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืขืฆื™ื ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื•ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ. 3. ื›ืจื™ื™ื”: ื’ื ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ืชื•ืจืžืช ืœื›ืจื™ืชืช ื™ืขืจื•ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ืžืคื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืคืงืช ืžื—ืฆื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. 4. ืขื™ื•ืจ: ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืขืจื™ื ื•ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ืœื•ืช, ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืขื•ืœื”, ืžื” ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื›ืจื™ืชืช ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืžืคื ื™ื ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™. 5. ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช: ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ืœื”, ื ื‘ื ื™ื ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื, ืกื›ืจื™ื ื•ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช, ื”ืชื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœื›ืจื™ืชืช ื™ืขืจื•ืช. ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื›ืจื™ืชืช ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช: 1. ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื: ืขืฆื™ื ืกื•ืคื’ื™ื ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื• ื—ืžืฆื ื™ ื•ืžืฉื—ืจืจื™ื ื—ืžืฆืŸ, ื•ืžืžืœืื™ื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืกื•ืช ื”ืืงืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ. ื›ืจื™ืชืช ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืžืคื—ื™ืชื” ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืœืกืคื•ื’ CO2, ืชื•ืจืžืช ืœื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื. 2. ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™: ื›ืจื™ืชืช ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื”ื•ืจืกืช ื‘ืชื™ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืœืžื™ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืฆืžื—ื™ื, ื•ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื”ื›ื—ื“ืชื. 3. ืฉื—ื™ืงืช ืงืจืงืข: ืขืฆื™ื ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืฉื—ื™ืงืช ืงืจืงืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื–ืงืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื” ืขื ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื”ื. ื›ืืฉืจ ืขืฆื™ื ืžื•ืกืจื™ื, ื”ืื“ืžื” ืžืื‘ื“ืช ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืžื” ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจ ืœืžืคื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืœืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืงืจืงืข ืคื•ืจื™ื™ื”. 4. ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ื: ืœืขืฆื™ื ื™ืฉ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ื, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื ืกื•ืคื’ื™ื ืžื™ื ืžื”ืื“ืžื” ื•ืžืฉื—ืจืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ืจื ืกืคื™ืจืฆื™ื”. ื›ืจื™ืชืช ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืฉื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ื•ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื”ืžืฉืงืขื™ื ื•ืืฃ ืœื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื. 5. ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืœ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ื: ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืกืชืžื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืœืคืจื ืกืชืŸ, ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืื“ืžื” ืœืฆื™ื“, ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ ื•ืœืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื•ืช. ื›ืจื™ืชืช ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืฉื‘ืฉ ืืช ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื•ืœืืœืฅ ืื•ืชื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ื™ืจื” ืื• ืœื”ื™ื˜ืžืข ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช.
ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื—ื“ืฉื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ.
ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื ืคืชื—ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืกื’ื•ืจื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ืขืงื‘ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฆื™ื.
ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืกื’ื•ืจื” ืœืจื’ืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื, ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ืคืชื—ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืฉืขืจื™ื” ืœืงื”ืœ ื”ืจื—ื‘. ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื”, ืฉื ื‘ื ืชื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-50 ืฉื ื”, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื–ืงื•ืงื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ื•ืฉื“ืจื•ื’ื™ื, ื•ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•. ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืขื• ืืช ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืชื ืžื”ืคืชื™ื—ื” ื”ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช, ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืืžืจื• ื›ื™ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฆื• ืืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ื”ื ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืกื’ื™ืจืชื”. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืกื’ื•ืจื™ื, ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืขื‘ื“ ืœืœื ืœืื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืงืจืืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื”ืžื“ืคื™ื ื˜ื•ืคืœื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉืจื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ื•ื”ื•ืชืงื ื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืœืžื”ื ื” ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืคื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื”. ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื›ืœืœื• ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืขืžื“ื•ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืื’ืฃ ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื—ืœืœ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ืœืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื•ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ื™ื. ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื”ืฆื”ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ื ืจื’ืฉื™ื ืžื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืืช ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืœืžื‘ืงืจื™ื”ื, ื•ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื™ืกื™ื™ืขื• ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืกืคืจื™ื™ื”. ื‘ื˜ืงืก ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ืกืจื˜ ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”, ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื ืคืชื—ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจืฉืžื™, ื•ื”ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื. ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืชืจืฉืžื• ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื ืขืฉืชื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืขื• ืชื•ื“ืชื ืœืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื•ืœืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืขืœ ืžืืžืฆื™ื”ื. ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืคืชื•ื—ื” ื›ืขืช ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ื•ื”ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื ืืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ืžืฉื•ืคืจ. ืขื ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืฆื™ื, ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœืฉืจืช ืืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช.
ื‘ื ื” ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ืœืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ืช.
nan
ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ืช (UBI) ื”ื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ืช ืžื•ืฆืขืช ืฉื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืงืฆื‘ื” ืื—ื™ื“ื” ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ืชื ื™ืช, ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžื”ืžืžืฉืœื”. ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ื ื”ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ืช: 1. ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืขื•ื ื™ ื•ืื™ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกื”: ืื—ื“ ื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ UBI ื”ื•ื ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืขื•ื ื™ ื•ืื™ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืชืŸ ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื, ืœืœื ืงืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื‘ ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืื• ืจืžืช ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืฉืœื”ื, ื–ื” ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื”ื ื˜ืœ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืขืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชื•ืš ืฆืžืฆื•ื ืื™ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกื”. 2. ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช: UBI ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืชื•ืŸ. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืชืŸ ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืื ืฉื™ื ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ืœืขื•ื ื™ ื•ืœืขื•ืจืจ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื”. 3. ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจืช: ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื™ื”ื™ื• ืคื—ื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ื”ื›ืฉืจื”, ื™ื–ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช. 4. ื›ื•ื— ืžื™ืงื•ื— ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื: ืขื ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—ืช, ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื•ื— ืžื™ืงื•ื— ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื ืฉืœื”ื, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืจืฉืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืฉื›ืจื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืชื. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื•ืชื ืื™ ืฉื›ืจ ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. 5. ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื: UBI ื™ืขื ื™ืง ืœื ืฉื™ื, ืฉืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ืฉืื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืœื ืคืจื•ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืœืœื ืชืฉืœื•ื, ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืขืฆืžืื™. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืงื“ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ืžื’ื“ืจื™ ื•ืœื”ืขืฆื™ื ื ืฉื™ื. ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ, ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืกืคืง ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืขื•ื ื™ ื•ืื™ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกื”, ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช, ื”ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื— ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื.
ื”ืฆืข 3 ืฉืžื•ืช ืชื•ืืจ ืœืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื.
ืชื•ึผื›ึผึดื™
1. ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ 2. ื“ื‘ืจืŸ 3. ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ื˜ื™
ื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช
nan
ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืžืฉืชืจื›ืช ื›ืžื• ืขืจืคืœ, ื›ื‘ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ืœื‘ ื•ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ืœืžืกืข, ื‘ืœื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืื• ื”ืงืœื” ืœืžืฆื•ื. ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื˜ืฃ ื›ืžื• ืชื›ืจื™ื›ื™ื, ื ื—ื ืง ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืง ืฉืœื•, ื’ื ื‘ ืฉืงื˜ ืฉื’ื•ื ื‘ ืฉืžื—ื”, ืžืฉืื™ืจ ืจื™ืง ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•. ืžื•ืงืฃ ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื, ืืš ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื“, ื—ืœืœ ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืœื, ื’ืขื’ื•ืข ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืœืœื‘ ืฉืžืชืžืœื. ื™ืฉ ื”ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื–ื• ืจืง ืชื—ื•ืฉื”, ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœื–ื” ืœื“ืขื•ืš, ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื™ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ืฉืœ ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช, ื–ื” ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื’ืžืจ. ืื– ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืื” ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื›ื•ืื‘, ืื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื•, ื”ื•ืฉื˜ ื™ื“ ื‘ื—ื•ื ื•ื‘ืื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช, ื•ืฉืชืฃ ืจื’ืข ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจืช ืชื•ื“ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช. ื›ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืœื ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ืชืจื•ืคื”, ื•ืžืขืฉื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ืกื“, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืœื‘ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ.
ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืงื˜ืข ื”ื‘ื, ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืกืคืจื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ?
"ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื›ื™ ื’ืจื•ืข ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ื›ืžื”, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื˜ื™ืคืฉื•ืช..."
ืงื˜ืข ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœืคืจื•ื–ื” ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ืช ืžื”ืจื•ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ "ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ืขืจื™ื" ืžืืช ืฆ'ืืจืœืก ื“ื™ืงื ืก.
ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื™ืจื•ื— ืขื ืŸ ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื
nan
1. ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœ ืืžื–ื•ืŸ (AWS) 2. Microsoft Azure 3. Google Cloud Platform 4. IBM Cloud 5. DigitalOcean
ืกื›ืžื• ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืืžืจ "ืจืฉืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืขืžื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช"
nan
ื”ืžืืžืจ "ืจืฉืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืขืžื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช" ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉืœืืชืจื™ ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืขืœ ืขืžื“ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื. ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืชื•ื›ืŸ, ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžืงื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื•ืช, ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ื–ื” ืขืœ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื–ื”. ื”ื ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืจืื™ื•ืช ืžืžืกืคืจ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ืžืจืื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืขืžื“ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื, ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช. ื”ืžืืžืจ ืžืฆื™ืข ืฉืจืฉืชื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ืจื‘ ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื, ืืš ื’ื ืžื–ื”ื™ืจ ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืืœื•. ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ, ื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœ ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉืœืจืฉืชื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืขืžื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื.
ืกื•ื•ื’ื• ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ืœืคื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื•. ืคืœื˜ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช: ืจืคื•ืื™, ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืจ, ืขืกืงื™ื, ืกืคื•ืจื˜, ืื•ืคื ื”.
ืืจื”"ื‘ ืžืชื›ื ื ืช ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ
ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ื ื•ืคืœ ืœืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืขืกืงื™ื.
ืกื›ืžื• ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืคืœื•ืคื•ื ืก ื‘ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-100 ืžื™ืœื™ื.
nan
ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืคืœื•ืคื•ื ืกื™ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืกื›ืกื•ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืืชื•ื ื” ื•ืกืคืจื˜ื”, ื•ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืชืŸ ื‘ื”ืชืืžื”, ืฉื ืžืฉืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื 431-404 ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืกืคื™ืจื”. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืžืื‘ืง ืขืœ ื›ื•ื— ื•ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ, ื›ืืฉืจ ืกืคืจื˜ื” ื™ื™ืฆื’ื” ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ื’ื” ื”ืคืœื•ืคื•ื ืกื™ืช ื•ืืชื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืœื™ื’ื” ื”ื“ืœื™ืืŸ. ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื ืžืฉื›ื” 27 ืฉื ื™ื, ืขื ืชืงื•ืคื” ืงืฆืจื” ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืืžืฆืข, ื•ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื” ืขื ืชื‘ื•ืกื” ื•ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืชื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืกืคืจื˜ื”. ืœืกื›ืกื•ืš ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ื”ื•ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืžืœื›ื” ื”ืžืงื“ื•ื ื™ืช ืชื—ืช ืคื™ืœื™ืค ื”ืฉื ื™.
ื‘ื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ืžืงืจื” ืฉื™ื•ื•ืงื™, ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืฉื™ื’ื” ื”ืฆืœื—ื”.
ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื›ื•ืฉืจ ืฉื”ืฉืชืžืฉื” ื‘ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืžืฉืคื™ืขื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื ื™ืข ื”ื•ืจื“ื•ืช ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช.
ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื”ื ื™ืข ื”ื•ืจื“ื•ืช ื•ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื. ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉื™ืชืคื” ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื ื™ ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื•ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื“ื ืืช ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ื•ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื” ืœืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ. ืœืžืฉืคื™ืขื ื™ื ืืœื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ื”ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืฉืœื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ืจื‘ ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื‘ื”ื’ืขื” ืœืงื”ืœ ืจื—ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจ. ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื“ื ืืช ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื”. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืฉื™ืชืคื• ืคื•ืกื˜ื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื”, ื•ื”ื“ื’ื™ืžื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ื•ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืกืคืงืช. ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื”ืฆื™ืขื• ืงื•ื“ื™ ื”ื ื—ื” ืื• ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืœืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื, ืžื” ืฉืขื•ื“ื“ ืื•ืชื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืฉื™ืชืคื• ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื”, ืžืกืคืงื™ื ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื•ืžืขื•ืจืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื”ื’ืขื” ืœืงื”ืœ ืจื—ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืžืฉืคื™ืขื ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืืžื•ืŸ ื•ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ืขื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืฉืคื™ืข ื‘ืืžืช ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจ, ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉื”ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื• ื™ื‘ื˜ื—ื• ืฉื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืขืœ ืขืจืš ื•ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื ืกื•ืช. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื•ืง ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืฆืคื•ืฃ, ืฉื‘ื• ืืžื•ืŸ ื•ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ืžืคืชื— ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ื•ืœื”ืชืขืกืง ืขื ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื”. ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื•ืฃ ื›ื•ื—ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื™ืขื ื™ื ื•ื”ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื, ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื”ื ื™ืข ื”ื•ืจื“ื•ืช ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื”ืฆืœื—ื”.
ืฆืจื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœ ื—ืœืœื™ืช ื”ื ื•ื—ืชืช ืขืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืœื›ืช ืžืจื•ื—ืง.
nan
ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ื›ืฉื”ื—ืœืœื™ืช ื™ืจื“ื” ืœืขื‘ืจ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืช ื”ืžืกืชื•ืจื™. ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื•ื˜ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื”ื—ื“ืฉ, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื”ื ื”ืชืงืจื‘ื•, ืžืฉื”ื• ื”ืฉืชื‘ืฉ. ืœืคืชืข, ื”ืžื ื•ืขื™ื ื›ืฉืœื• ื•ื”ื—ืœืœื™ืช ื”ื—ืœื” ืœืฆื ื•ื— ืžื˜ื”. ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชืืžืŸ ืœืงืจืืช ืคื’ื™ืขื”. ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืชืจืกืงื•ืช ืื“ื™ืจื” ื›ืฉื”ื—ืœืœื™ืช ืคื’ืขื” ื‘ืงืจืงืข, ื•ืฉืœื—ื” ืคืกื•ืœืช ืขืคื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื. ื›ืฉื”ืื‘ืง ืฉืงืข, ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชื™ืจ ืœืื˜ ืœืื˜ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ืจื™ืกื•ืช ื”ื—ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื. ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืชืงื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ื“ื•ืข. ื‘ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื ื™ืฆืื• ืืœ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื”ืจื™ืกื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื. ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื—ืฉื•ืš ื•ืขืงืจ, ืขื ืžื—ืฉื•ืคื™ ืกืœืข ืฉืขืœื• ืžื”ืื“ืžื”. ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื“ืœื™ืœ ื•ื”ื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื–ื•ื”ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืขืœ. ื›ืฉื”ื ืืกืคื• ืืช ื”ืืกืคืงื” ืฉืœื”ื, ื”ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช. ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื›ืฉื”ื ืขื‘ื“ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื—ืกื” ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžื–ื•ืŸ. ื”ื ื—ืงืจื• ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ืžื•ื–ืจ, ื’ื™ืœื• ืžื™ื ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื ืื‘ืงื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืจื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืงืฉื”. ืœื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื• ื›ืฉื”ื ืžืฆื˜ื•ืคืคื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืžื“ื•ืจื” ืงื˜ื ื”, ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืฆืœื”. ืื‘ืœ ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื–ื”, ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืœื ื•ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ืชืงื•ื•ื”. ื”ื ื™ื“ืขื• ืฉื‘ืืจืฅ, ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืžื—ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื. ื”ื ื ืื—ื–ื• ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื™ื—ืœืฆื• ื•ื™ื—ื–ืจื• ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”. ืขื“ ืื–, ื”ื ืขื‘ื“ื• ืงืฉื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืืช ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ืžื”ื”ืจืคืชืงื” ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื. ืฉื ื™ื ื—ืœืคื• ื•ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื‘ื™ืชื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ. ื”ื ื‘ื ื• ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ืฉื’ืฉื’ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื–ืจื™. ื›ืฉื”ื”ืฆืœื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ื ื ืงืจืขื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจื•ืช. ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื”ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืœืขืฆืžื ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืœื ื˜ื” ื”ืจื—ื•ืงื”. ื”ื ืžืฆืื• ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉ, ืื—ื“ ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืชื›ื ื ื• ืœื•, ืื‘ืœ ืื—ื“ ืฉื’ื“ืœื• ืœืื”ื•ื‘.
ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืงื•ื“ ื”ื”ืงืกื“ืฆื™ืžืœื™ ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื“ ื”ืฆื‘ืข RGB ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืœื”ืœืŸ.
rgb(255, 47, 147)
ื”ืงื•ื“ ื”ืงืกื“ืฆื™ืžืœื™ ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ ื”ืฆื‘ืข RGB rgb(255, 47, 147) ื”ื•ื #FF2F93.
ืคืชื— ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ.
nan
ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืžืงื™ืคื” ื”ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืช ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ื›ื–ื•: 1. ื”ื‘ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืฉืœืš: ื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืงืจืืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื”ื• ืงื”ืœ ื”ื™ืขื“ ืฉืœืš ื•ืžื” ืžื ื™ืข ืื•ืชื. ืขืจื›ื• ืกืงืจื™ื, ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืžื™ืงื•ื“ ื•ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ, ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช ื•ืžืฉื•ื‘. 2. ื”ืชืืžื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื”: ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื™ืชืงืฉืจื• ืขื ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉืžืกืคืง ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืžื•ืชืืžืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช. ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ืืกืคื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืชื•ื›ืŸ, ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื. 3. ืฉืžืจื• ืขืœ ืจืขื ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ: ื•ื•ื“ืื• ืฉื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืžืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข, ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ื•ืžืจืชืง. ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืื• ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืื•ืชื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ. 4. ืฉืคืจ ืืช ืžืžืฉืง ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ: ืžืžืฉืง ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ, ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื•ืžื•ืฉืš ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืคืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ. ืฉืงื•ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืงืœ, ื›ื ื™ืกื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ื–ืžื ื™ ื˜ืขื™ื ื” ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื. 5. Gamification: Gamification ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ืื•ืคื™ ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ ื•ื”ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื. ืฉืงื•ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช, ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ื•ืชื’ืžื•ืœื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืžืจืฅ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจ. 6. ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช: ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืœืฉืชืฃ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช, ืœื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืื• ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ. ืฉืงื•ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื•ื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ื. 7. ื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ื• ื•ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื• ืœืžืฉื•ื‘: ืขื•ื“ื“ื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืœืกืคืง ืžืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืขื™ืœ ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืฆืขื•ืช, ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช ื•ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื. ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืืœื ื’ื ืžืจืื” ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืžืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืœื”ื ืžื•ืขืจืš, ืžื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช. 8. ืžืขืงื‘ ื•ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช: ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืขืงื•ื‘ ื•ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืžื’ืžื•ืช, ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื•ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœืš. ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœืฉืคืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื.
ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื‘ื ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื“ืงื“ื•ืง ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœืจืื•ืช ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข
ืื ื™ ื ื”ื ื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืข.
ืฆื•ืจ ืžืชื•ื•ื” ืœืžืืžืจ ืขืœ ื™ืขืจ ื”ื’ืฉื ื‘ืืžื–ื•ื ืก.
nan
ืกืงื™ืจื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช: ื™ืขืจ ื”ื’ืฉื ื‘ืืžื–ื•ื ืก ื”ื•ื ืื–ื•ืจ ืขืฆื•ื ื•ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ืžืฉืชืจืข ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืžืจื™ืงื”. ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ื ื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ื”, ื”ืืงืœื™ื, ื”ื—ื™ ื•ื”ืฆื•ืžื— ื•ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื™ืงืจ ื”ื–ื”. ืžืชื•ื•ื”: I. ืžื‘ื•ื ื. ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื™ืขืจ ื”ื’ืฉื ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื–ื•ื ืก ื‘. ืกืงื™ืจื” ืงืฆืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื“ื•ื ื• ื‘ืžืืžืจ II. ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื. ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื™ืขืจ ื”ื’ืฉื ื‘ืืžื–ื•ื ืก ื‘. ืžื™ืงื•ื ื•ื’ื•ื“ืœ C. ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉืชืจืข ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื“. ืฉื˜ื— ื•ื ื•ืฃ III. ืืงืœื™ื ื. ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื”ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ ื‘. ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฉืงืขื™ื ื’. ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืืžื–ื•ื ืก ื‘ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืžื–ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื™ื IV. ื—ื™ ื•ืฆื•ืžื— ื. ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื–ื•ื ืก ื‘. ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœืžื™ื ื™ ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉื ื’. ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœืžื™ื ื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืขืจ ื”ื’ืฉื ื“. ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืขืจ ื”ื’ืฉื ื›ื‘ื™ืช ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืœืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืกื›ื ืช ื”ื›ื—ื“ื” V. ืื“ื. ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื. ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืจื™ืชืช ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืคืขืชื” ืขืœ ื”ืืžื–ื•ื ืก ื‘. ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ืขืœ ื™ืขืจ ื”ื’ืฉื ื’. ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืžื–ื•ื ืก ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื” ื“. ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืืžืฆื™ื ื”ื ืขืฉื™ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื™ืขืจ ื”ื’ืฉื. VI. ืžืกืงื ื” ื. ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืขืจ ื”ื’ืฉื ื‘ืืžื–ื•ื ืก ื‘. ืกื›ื ืืช ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืคืชื— ืฉืœ ื”ืžืืžืจ ื’. ืงืจื™ืื” ืœืคืขื•ืœื” ืœืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื™ืขืจ ื”ื’ืฉื ื‘ืืžื–ื•ื ืก
ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืœื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ.
nan
ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ 1: ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื–ื” ืžืฆื™ื’ ืžืจืื” ื ืงื™ ื•ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ืกื˜ื™ ื”ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืžื™ืชื•ื’ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”. ื‘ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืงื“ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก, ืœื•ื’ื• ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžื•ืฆื’ ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ื•ืœื˜ืช, ืขื ืฉื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื•ืชื•ืืจื• ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžืชื—ืช. ื’ื‘ ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืช, ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ, ื”ื›ืœ ืžืกื•ื“ืจ ื‘ืคื•ืจืžื˜ ืงืœ ืœืงืจื™ืื”. ืœื›ืœ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืคื•ื ื˜ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™, ื•ืกื›ืžืช ื”ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืžืฉืงืคืช ืืช ื”ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืœื•ื’ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”. ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ 2: ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืขื– ื•ืžื•ืฉืš ืืช ื”ืขื™ืŸ, ืขื ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ืช. ื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื’ื™ืื•ืžื˜ืจื™ืช ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ืขื™ ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื•ืชื•ืืจื• ืžื›ื•ืกื™ื ื‘ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืœื‘ืŸ. ื’ื‘ ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ืœื•ื’ื• ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช, ืžืกื•ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ื•ืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ืช. ื’ื•ืคืŸ ืกืŸ-ืกืจื™ืฃ ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืžืฉืžืฉ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜, ื•ื’ื™ืžื•ืจ ืžื‘ืจื™ืง ืงืœ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืืœืžื ื˜ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ืชื—ื›ื•ื.
ื”ืขืœื• ืฉื ื™ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ืœืงื•ื— ืฉืœ ืขืกืง.
nan
1. ื”ื˜ืžืขืช ืฆ'ืื˜ ื‘ื•ื˜ ืžื•ืชืื ื•ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™: ืื—ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ืœืงื•ื— ืฉืœ ืขืกืง ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ืžืขืช ืฆ'ืื˜ ื‘ื•ื˜ ืžื•ืชืื ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœื• ืื• ื‘ื“ืคื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœื•. ื”ืฆ'ืื˜ื‘ื•ื˜ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืคื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื•ืœืžื™ื“ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืœืงื•ื— ื•ืœืกืคืง ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื•ืช. ื–ื” ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืœื—ืฉืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœื”ื ืขื ื”ืขืกืง. 2. ื”ืฆื’ืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื ืืžื ื•ืช: ื“ืจืš ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ืœืงื•ื— ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆื’ืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื ืืžื ื•ืช. ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆื‘ื•ืจ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืื• ืคืจืกื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืฉื”ื ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื™ืช ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืขืกืง. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืื• ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช. ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื ืืžื ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืžื•ืขืจื›ื™ื ื•ืžื•ืขืจื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขืกืง, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื•ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืชื’.
ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื• ืžื“ื•ืข ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ื”ื™ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช.
nan
ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ื”ื™ื ืชืช-ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ืœืžื™ื“ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื”, ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืชืช-ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช (AI). AI ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ืฆืข ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืชืคื™ืกื” ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ืช, ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื•ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืคื”. ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœ AI ื”ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“, ืœื”ืกืชื’ืœ ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืขืฆืžืŸ. ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ื”ื™ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืขืฆื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื. ืœืจืฉืชื•ืช ืขืฆื‘ื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื“ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ื”ืžื•ื ื— "ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืขืžื•ืงื”", ื•ื”ืŸ ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื•ืœื—ืœืฅ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™. ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ืื• ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ื ืชื” ืœื›ืš ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ. ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืคืจ ื‘ืขืฆืžื, ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืขื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœื ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื, ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœืฆื•ืจื” ื—ื–ืงื” ืฉืœ AI. ื”ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ ืกืžืš ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื, ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช, ื”ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
ื”ืžืœืฅ ืขืœ 3 ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืœืชื—ื•ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉ.
ื”ึฒื ึธืงึธื”
1. "ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืกื™ืขื•ื“" ืžืืช ืคื˜ืจื™ืฉื™ื” ื. ืคื•ื˜ืจ - ืกืคืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืžืงื™ืฃ ืœืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื”ืœื”ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื™ืขื•ื“. ื”ื•ื ืžื›ืกื” ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืœื”, ืขื ืคืจืงื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืฉื™ื ืœืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืกื™ืขื•ื“, ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืกื™ืขื•ื“, ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื”, ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ื, ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื•ืขื•ื“. 2. "ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ืจืคื•ืื™-ื›ื™ืจื•ืจื’ื™: ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™" ืžืืช ื“ื•ื ื” ื“. ืื™ื’ื ื˜ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื•ืก - ืกืคืจ ื–ื” ืžืกืคืง ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืื™-ื›ื™ืจื•ืจื’ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื. ื”ื•ื ืžื›ืกื” ืžื™ื“ืข ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ืขืœ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš, ืœืื‘ื—ืŸ ื•ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช. 3. "ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืจื™ืช" ืžืืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืœ. ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืง - ืกืคืจ ื–ื” ืžืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืจื™, ืชื•ืš ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืœ ืขืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื ืคืฉื™. ื”ื•ื ืžื›ืกื” ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืคืชื—, ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืงื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืจืื™ื•ืช, ืขื ืฉืคื” ืงืœื” ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ื•ื“ื™ืื’ืจืžื•ืช ืžื•ืขื™ืœื•ืช.
ืžืฆื ืืช ื”ื”ืกืชื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืฉืœื•ืฃ ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืžื—ืคื™ืกื” ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ 52 ืงืœืคื™ื.
nan
ื—ืคื™ืกืช ืงืœืคื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช 52 ืงืœืคื™ื, ื”ืžื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืœ-4 ื—ืœื™ืคื•ืช (ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช, ื™ื”ืœื•ืžื™ื, ืืœื•ืช, ืขืœื”), ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืขื 13 ื“ืจื’ื•ืช (ืืก, 2, 3, ..., 10, ื’'ืง, ืžืœื›ื”, ืžืœืš). ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง 2 ืงืœืคื™ื ืื—ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ืกื“ืจื”, ื™ืฉ ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ 4 ืฉื ื™ ืงืœืคื™ื ื‘ื—ืคื™ืกื” ื”ืžืœืื” ืฉืœ 52 ืงืœืคื™ื. ืื– ื”ื”ืกืชื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืฉืœื•ืฃ ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืžื—ืคื™ืกืช ืงืœืคื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื 4/52 ืื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ 0.07692307692 ืื• ื‘ืขืจืš 1 ืœ-13.
ืจืฉื•ื ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ื.
nan
ื™ืฉื ื ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ื, ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื: 1. ืขื•ืฉืจ ื•ื ื›ืกื™ื: ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื•ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื. ืœืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื•ื ื›ืกื™ื ืžืืฉืจ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื. 2. ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช: ืœืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื‘ืงืจื™ื™ืจื”. ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœื’ืฉืช ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื•ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืงื™ื ืฉืœื”ื. 3. ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื: ืื•ืจื— ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื. ืœืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื™ืงืจื™ื, ื—ื•ืคืฉื•ืช ืืงื–ื•ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื™ื ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ื™ื, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืื‘ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืง ืืช ืฆืจื›ื™ื”ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื. 4. ืงืฉืจื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื: ืœืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืฉืจื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ืžืืฉืจ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื, ืžื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื”ื ื‘ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื•ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื. 5. ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืคื™ื ื ืกื™: ืœืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืžืืฉืจ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื•ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ืืช ื›ืกืคื, ืžื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกืคืง ืœื”ื ืจืฉืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืžืงืจื™ ื—ื™ืจื•ื. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืชืœื•ืฉ ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ื•ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืื•ืชื” ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื›ืœื›ืœื™. 6. ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืจื•ื•ื—ื”: ืœืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ื”ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžืชื— ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืœืจืขื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉื™ืช ื•ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื. ืืœื• ืจืง ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ื. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืื™ื ื ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื™ื, ืืœื ื”ื ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ืื™ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ ื•ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ืฉืžื ืฆื™ื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ื.
ืžืฆื ืืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžืก ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื”.
14 Rock Street, Enfield, EN1 9UZ
ืื ื™ ืžืฆื˜ืขืจ, ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœืื—ื–ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžืก ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉืชื ื” ืžืžื™ืงื•ื ืœืžื™ืงื•ื ื•ื ืชื•ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื—ื•ืงื™ื ื•ืœืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื. ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืก ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืš ืื• ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžืก ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ืฉื ืชืช.
ื–ื”ื” ืื™ื–ื• ืžืฉืชื™ ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื•ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืœื‘ืŸ ื•ืื™ื–ื” ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข
ืชืžื•ื ื” 1 - ืžืœื‘ืŸ ![ืžืœื‘ืŸ](https://images.pexels.com/photos/2294971/pexels-photo-2294971.jpeg?auto=compress&cs=tinysrgb&dpr=1&w=500) ืชืžื•ื ื” 2 - ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ![ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข]( https://images.pexels.com/photos/279306/pexels-photo-279306.jpeg?auto=compress&cs=tinysrgb&dpr=1&w=500)
ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืœื‘ืŸ, ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืจื‘ืข ืฆืœืขื•ืช ื•ืืจื‘ืข ื–ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจื•ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฆืœืขื•ืช ื”ื ื’ื“ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ืคืคื•ืช. ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข, ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืจื‘ืข ืฆืœืขื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจืš ืฉื•ื•ื”, ื”ืžืกื•ื“ืจื•ืช ื‘ื–ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืœื–ื•. ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื™ืฉืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆืœืขื•ืช ื—ื•ืคืคื•ืช.
ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืžื˜ื”.
"ืื’ื ืฆืœื•ืœ"
ื™ืฆืืชื™ ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืจื™ื ื•ื ืชืงืœืชื™ ื‘ืื’ื ืฆืœื•ืœ ืžื”ืžื ืฉืฉื™ืงืฃ ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ืคื” ืฉืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•.
ืขืฆื‘ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืขืจืš.
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ื”ื ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘-Python ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืขืจืš: ```Python def find_kth_smallest(arr, k): # ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืขืจืš ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืขื•ืœื” arr.sort() # ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืืช ื”ืืœืžื ื˜ kth return arr[k-1] # ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘-arr = [7, 10, 4, 3, 20, 15] k = 3 result = find_kth_smallest(arr, k) print("ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื: " + str(result) ) ``` ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื–ื•, ืื ื• ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” `find_kth_smallest` ืฉืžืงื‘ืœืช ืžืขืจืš ื•ืขืจืš `k` ื›ืงืœื˜. ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื”, ืื ื• ืžืžื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืขืจืš ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื™ืช `ืžื™ื™ืŸ` ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ืช. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืืช ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืื™ื ื“ืงืก k-1 ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจืš ื”ืžืžื•ื™ืŸ ื•ื ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื•. ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ืฉื ื•ืชื ืช ืœื” ืžืขืจืš ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื•ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉืœ k ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืืœืžื ื˜ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘-k.
ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื” ื ืชื•ื ื”.
ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืœื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืงื•ืคื
ืื ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืœืš ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœืงืคื•ื, ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”: 1. ื”ืคืขืœ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘: ืœืคืขืžื™ื, ื”ืคืขืœื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”. ืคืขื•ืœื” ื–ื• ืชืกื’ื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื•ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื‘ืขื™ื”. 2. ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื: ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืœืš ืžืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื•ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื”ืขื“ื›ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืžื™ื•ืฉื ืช ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืœืš ืœืงืคื•ื. 3. ื”ืคืขืœ ืกืจื™ืงืช ื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ื: ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ืื• ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื–ื“ื•ื ื™ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืจื ืœื‘ืขื™ื”. ื”ืคืขืœ ืกืจื™ืงืช ื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ื ืžืœืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืœืš ื ืงื™ ืžืชื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื–ื“ื•ื ื™ื•ืช. 4. ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืืชื—ื•ืœื™ื ืžื™ื•ืชืจื™ื: ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ื‘ืขืช ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘. ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืืœื” ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืื˜ ืืช ืงืฆื‘ ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื•ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื• ืœืงืคื•ื. ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืืช ื”ืคืขืœืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืชื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื™ื•ืชืจื•ืช. 5. ืคื ื” ืฉื˜ื— ื“ื™ืกืง: ืื ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืœืš ืื•ื–ืœ ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื“ื™ืกืง, ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื• ืœืงืคื•ื. ืคื ื” ืงืฆืช ืžืงื•ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื—ื™ืงืช ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ืื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืชืจื™ื. 6. ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจื”: ืื ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืœืš ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื•ืคื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื™ืกื™ืช ืืช ื”ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœืขื™ืœ, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื—ื•ืžืจื”. ืื ืื™ื ืš ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื ื•ื— ืœืื‘ื—ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจื” ื‘ืขืฆืžืš, ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืœืš ืœืื™ืฉ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืœืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ. ื–ื›ื•ืจ, ื–ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœืš ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืœืš.
ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื” ื”ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ืช.
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ืœื”ืœืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื” ื”ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ืช: 1. ืžื™ืžืŸ (H) 2. ื—ืžืฆืŸ (O) 3. ื‘ืจื–ืœ (Fe)
ืชืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื”.
nan
ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืื—ืช ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื™ืคืŸ. ืœื™ืคืŸ ื™ืฉ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ืช ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ื•ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืกื‘ื™ืจ, ื”ืžืกืคืงืช ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืžืงื™ืฃ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื. ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืœื‘ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื›ืื—ื“ ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืชื•ื—ืœืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืชืžื•ืชืช ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ื•ืœื™ื ื™ืคื ื™ื ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืกืคืงื™ื ืฉืœื”ื, ื•ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืฉืžืจื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืขื ืกืคืงื™ื ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืœื™ืคืŸ ื™ืฉ ื“ื’ืฉ ื—ื–ืง ืขืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื•ื ืข, ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉื’ืจืชื™ื•ืช.
ืžื” ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื?
FBI
ื”-FBI ืจืืฉื™ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืœืฉืช ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื“ืจืœื™ืช. ื–ื”ื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืื›ื™ืคืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ืคื“ืจืœื™ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืฉืœื”. ื”ื™ื ืื—ืจืื™ืช ืœื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืื™ื•ืžื™ ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื•ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื–ืจ, ื•ืฉืžื™ืจื” ื•ืื›ื™ืคืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
ืฆื•ืจ ืคื•ืกื˜ืจ ื”ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื•ืช.
nan
ื”ื ื” ื›ืจื–ื” ื”ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื” ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื•ืช: ื‘ื—ืจ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื•ืช -------------------- ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ----------------------- ---- * ืืคืก ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช: ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื•ืช ืืคืก ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช, ื•ืขื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื•ื’ื–ื™ ื”ื—ืžืžื”. * ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช: ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื ื–ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืชืคืขื•ืœ ืžืจื›ื‘ื™ ื‘ื ื–ื™ืŸ - ื”ื ืขื•ืœื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืœืชื“ืœื•ืง ื•ืœืชื—ื–ื•ืงื”. * ืฉืงื˜ ื•ื—ืœืง: ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืงื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื•ืžืฆื™ืขื•ืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื—ืœืงื”. * ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช: ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื˜ืขื™ืŸ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช, ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”. * ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื”: ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื•ืช ืžืžื™ืจื•ืช ืขื“ 80% ืžื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ืืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ืกื•ืœืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืœืชื ื•ืขื”, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื›-25% ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืœืจื›ื‘ื™ ื‘ื ื–ื™ืŸ. __________________________________________________ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื“ ื ืงื™ ื•ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ืžื ื™ื•ืชืจ!
ื ืชื— ืงื•ื•ื™ ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ื.
ื˜ืขื ื” ื': ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืžืก ืขืœ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช. ื˜ืขื ื” ื‘': ื›ืœ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืœื ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื‘ืžืกื™ื ืœืœื ืงืฉืจ ืœื”ื›ื ืกืชื.
ืฉื ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ื ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื•ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช. ืฉื ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื. ื˜ืขื ื” ื' ืžืฆื™ืขื” ื›ื™ ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช. ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ืคืจื•ื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™, ืฉื‘ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืžืกื™ื. ื”ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื’ื™ืฉื” ื–ื• ื”ื•ื ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืื™-ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื˜ืขื ื” ื‘' ื“ื•ื’ืœืช ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืžืก ืื—ื™ื“ื”, ืฉื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืกื›ื•ื ืžืก, ืœืœื ืงืฉืจ ืœื”ื›ื ืกืชื. ื’ื™ืฉื” ื–ื• ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื’ื™ื ื•ืช, ืฉื‘ื• ืœื›ืœ ืคืจื˜ ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืชืจื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื”. ื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืžื™ืกื•ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืกืžืš ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืœืฉืœื ืื™ื ื• ื”ื•ื’ืŸ. ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ื ื˜ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ื™ืฉืชื ืœืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื•ื ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืื™-ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกื”. ื˜ืขื ื” ื' ืจื•ืื” ื‘ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ืคืจื•ื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ ื›ืœื™ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืคืขืจื™ ื”ื›ื ืกื”, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื‘' ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืชืŸ ื™ื—ืก ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื›ืœ ืžืฉืœืžื™ ื”ืžืกื™ื. ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืฉืงืคืช ืขืจื›ื™ื ื•ืกื“ืจื™ ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช.
ื”ืขืจืš ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื–ืœ ื‘ืœื™ื˜ืจื™ื ื”ื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืื•ืจื›ื” 9 ืจื’ืœ ื•ืจื•ื—ื‘ื” 5 ืจื’ืœ.
nan
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื–ืœ ื‘ืœื™ื˜ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืื•ืจื›ื” 9 ืจื’ืœ ื•ืจื•ื—ื‘ื” 5 ืžื˜ืจ, ืขืœื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ืขื•ืžืง ื”ื‘ืจื™ื›ื”. ื‘ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉืœื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ื™ืฉ ืขื•ืžืง ืื—ื™ื“ ืฉืœ 4 ืจื’ืœ, ื›ืš ื™ื™ืจืื” ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘: ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ืžื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืžืจื’ืœ ืœืžื˜ืจื™ื. 1 ืจื’ืœ ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœ-0.3048 ืžื˜ืจ. - ืื•ืจืš: 9 ืจื’ืœ * 0.3048 ืž'/ืจื’ืœ = 2.7432 ืž' - ืจื•ื—ื‘: 5 ืจื’ืœ * 0.3048 ืž'/ ืจื’ืœ = 1.524 ืž' - ืขื•ืžืง: 4 ืจื’ืœ * 0.3048 ืž'/ืจื’ืœ = 1.2192 ืž' ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ื ืคื— ื”ืžื˜ืจ ืžืขื•ืงื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” : ื ืคื— = ืื•ืจืš * ืจื•ื—ื‘ * ืขื•ืžืง ื ืคื— = 2.7432 ืž' * 1.524 ืž' * 1.2192 ืž' = 5.093 ืž"ืจ ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ืžื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื ืคื— ืžืžื˜ืจ ืžืขื•ืงื‘ ืœืœื™ื˜ืจ. 1 ืžื˜ืจ ืžืขื•ืงื‘ ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœ-1000 ืœื™ื˜ืจ. ื ืคื— = 5.093 ืž"ืจ * 1000 ืœื™ื˜ืจ/ืž"ืจ = 5093 ืœ' ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืื•ืจื›ื” 9 ืจื’ืœ, ืจื•ื—ื‘ื” 5 ืจื’ืœ ื•ืขื•ืžืงื” 4 ืจื’ืœ ืžื›ื™ืœื” ื›-5093 ืœื™ื˜ืจ ื ื•ื–ืœ.
ื”ืฆืข ื“ืจืš ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื‘ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื ืฉืœื ื•
nan
ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื‘ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื ืฉืœื ื•: 1. ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื ื–ื™ืœื•ืช: ื ื–ื™ืœื” ืžื˜ืคื˜ืคืช ืงื˜ื ื” ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื‘ื–ื‘ื– ื›ืžื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ. ื”ืงืคื“ ืœืชืงืŸ ื ื–ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืืชื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืŸ. 2. ืžืงืœื—ื•ืช ืงืฆืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ: ืžืงืœื—ืช ืืจื•ื›ื” ืฆื•ืจื›ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื™ื. ื ืกื” ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืงืœื—ื•ืช ืฉืœืš ืœื—ืžืฉ ื“ืงื•ืช ืื• ืคื—ื•ืช. 3. ืกื’ืจื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื– ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฆื—ืฆื•ื— ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื: ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื– ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืชื ืžืฆื—ืฆื—ื™ื ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืื• ืžืชื’ืœื—ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื‘ืžื™ื. 4. ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื˜ืื˜ื, ืœื ื‘ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ: ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื˜ืื˜ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืงื•ืช ืืช ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืื• ื”ืžื“ืจื›ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ. 5. ื”ืฉืงื™ื™ืช ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช ืื• ื”ืขืจื‘ ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจื•ืช: ื”ืฉืงื™ื™ืช ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืงืจื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ืฉืื‘ื“ื” ื‘ืื™ื“ื•ื™. 6. ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืžื“ื™ื— ื›ืœื™ื: ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืžื“ื™ื— ื›ืœื™ื, ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื™ื. 7. ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ืžื™ ื’ืฉืžื™ื: ืืกื•ืฃ ืžื™ ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืื• ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. 8. ื”ืชืงื ืช ืจืืฉื™ ืžืงืœื—ืช ื•ื‘ืจื–ื™ื ืขื ื–ืจื™ืžื” ื ืžื•ื›ื”: ื”ืชืงื ืช ืžืงืœื—ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื–ืจื™ืžื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื•ืžืื•ื•ืจืจื™ ื‘ืจื– ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงืœื—ืช ื•ื‘ื›ื™ื•ืจ ืฉืœืš. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื•ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืฉืžืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื™ืงืจ ื”ื–ื”.
ืชืืจ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื”ื›ื ืช ืฉื•ืงื• ื—ื.
nan
ื”ื›ื ืช ืฉื•ืงื• ื—ื ื”ื•ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ืžื”ื ื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื›ืžื” ืฉืœื‘ื™ื. 1. ืืกืคื• ืืช ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื: ืœื”ื›ื ืช ืฉื•ืงื• ื—ื, ืชื–ื“ืงืงื• ืœื—ืœื‘ (ืื• ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ื—ืœื‘), ืื‘ืงืช ืงืงืื•, ืกื•ื›ืจ ื•ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื˜ืขื ื•ืจื™ื— ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉืชืจืฆื• ื›ืžื• ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื•ื ื™ืœ, ืงื™ื ืžื•ืŸ ืื• ืžืจืฉืžืœื•. 2. ืžื—ืžืžื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืœื‘: ื‘ืกื™ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ืžื—ืžืžื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืœื‘ ืขืœ ืืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื, ืืš ืœื ืจื•ืชื—. 3. ืžืื—ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื: ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื—ืœื‘ ื—ื, ืžื ืžื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืืฉ ืœื ืžื•ื›ื” ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื” ืืช ืื‘ืงืช ื”ืงืงืื• ื•ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ. ืžืงืฆื™ืคื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื”ืงืงืื• ื•ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื ืžืกื™ื ื‘ื—ืœื‘. ืื ืืชื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื˜ืขื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื›ืžื• ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื•ื ื™ืœ, ื”ื•ืกืฃ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื”. 4. ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื: ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืจื‘ื‘ ืืช ื”ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืขื“ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืžืžืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ืžืชืื—ื“ืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘. ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉืœื ื™ืจืชื— ืื• ื™ื™ืฉืจืฃ. ื™ื•ืฆืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื”ื—ื ืœืกืคืœื™ื, ืžืขืœื™ื• ืืช ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื›ื ื›ืžื• ืงืฆืคืช, ืžืจืฉืžืœื• ืื• ืคื™ื–ื•ืจ ืงื™ื ืžื•ืŸ ื•ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืžื™ื“. ืชื”ื ื” ืžื›ื•ืก ื”ืฉื•ืงื• ื”ื—ืžื” ื•ื”ื˜ืขื™ืžื” ืฉืœืš!
ืชืืจ ืืช ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ Big-O.
nan
ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ Big-O ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžืชืžื˜ื™ ื”ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืื• ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื. ื”ื•ื ืžืกืคืง ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืœื–ืžืŸ ืื• ืœืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืงืœื˜. ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ Big-O ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœืจื•ื‘ ืœื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ื’ืจื•ืข ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื, ืื ื›ื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื’ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืืจ ืืช ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขื™ื ื•ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ Big-O, ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืช O ื•ืื—ืจื™ื” ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ื‘ืกื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ O(n) ืื• O(n^2). ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืกื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ืืช ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืื• ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืœืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ืขื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ O(n) ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืจื™ืฆื” ืฉืœื• ื™ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื™ื ื™ืืจื™ ืขื ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืงืœื˜, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ืขื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ O(n^2) ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืจื™ืฆื” ืฉืœื• ื™ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจื™ื‘ื•ืขื™ ืขื ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืงืœื˜. ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ Big-O ืžืกืคืง ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืงืœื˜ ื’ื“ืœ. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ื”ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืื• ืžืขืจืš ื ืชื•ื ื™ื.
ื‘ื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ืžืฉืคื˜, ื—ืคืฉ ืืช ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื.
ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืžืœื ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ืฉืžื—ื”.
- ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ื™ื ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ื ื’ ื•ืื•ืฉืจ ืจื‘. ื–ื”ื• ืจื’ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ืจื•ื— ื•ืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื”ืฉื’ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืจืฆื•ื™ ืื• ื”ื’ืฉืžื”. - ืฉืžื—ื” ืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช ื›ืฉืขืฉื•ืข, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืชื‘ื˜ืืช ื‘ืฆื—ื•ืง. ื–ื”ื• ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ, ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืื• ืฉืขืฉื•ืข ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืคื ื™ื• ืื• ืฉืคืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•. ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื›ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืžื—, ืขืœื™ื– ืื• ืžื‘ื“ืจ, ื•ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื–ื” ืžื“ื‘ืง.
ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืื—ืช ืœืคืจื™ืžืื˜ ืœื ืื ื•ืฉื™
nan
ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืื—ืช ืœืคืจื™ืžืื˜ ืœื ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืžืคื ื–ื”.
ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื•ื“ืขืช ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื—ืงืจ ืžืงื•ื ื—ื“ืฉ.
nan
"ืชืืจ ืœืขืฆืžืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืžืงื•ื ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืœื ืžื•ื›ืจ. ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจื—ื•ืงื”, ืขื™ืจ ืื• ืขื™ืจ ื—ื“ืฉื”, ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื•ืœื ื—ื“ืฉ ืœื’ืžืจื™. ืชืืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœืš ื›ืฉืืชื” ืžื’ื™ืข ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื”. ื‘ืื™ืœื• ืžืจืื•ืช ื•ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืืชื” ื ืชืงืœ? ืื™ืš ืžืชื ื”ื’ื™ื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืื• ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื”? ืื™ืœื• ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืืชื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืฉืืชื” ื ื•ืกืข ืขืžื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืœื ื ื—ืงืจื” ื”ื–ื•?"
ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืœืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ืœืงืจืืžื‘ืœ ืชืคื•ื—ื™ื.
nan
ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื: - 6 ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืชืคื•ื—ื™ื ืคืจื•ืกื™ื ื“ืง ื•ืงืœื•ืคื™ื - 3/4 ื›ื•ืก ืกื•ื›ืจ - 1 ื›ืฃ ืžื™ืฅ ืœื™ืžื•ืŸ - 1 ื›ืคื™ืช ืงื™ื ืžื•ืŸ ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ - 1/2 ื›ืคื™ืช ืžืœื— - 1 ื›ื•ืก ืงืžื— - 1/2 ื›ื•ืก ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ืฉื•ืขืœ ืžื’ื•ืœื’ืœืช - 1/2 ื›ื•ืก ืกื•ื›ืจ ื—ื•ื - 1/2 ื›ื•ืก ื—ืžืื” ืงืจื” ืœืœื ืžืœื—, ื—ืชื•ื›ื” ืœื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช: 1. ืžื—ืžืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื ื•ืจ ืœ-375ยฐF (190ยฐC). 2. ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืงืขืจืช ืขืจื‘ื•ื‘ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืืช ืคืจื•ืกื•ืช ื”ืชืคื•ื—ื™ื, ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ, ืžื™ืฅ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ืŸ, ื”ืงื™ื ืžื•ืŸ ื•-1/4 ื›ืคื™ืช ืžืœื—. ืœื–ืจื•ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชืคื•ื—ื™ื. 3. ื™ื•ืฆืงื™ื ืืช ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ื”ืชืคื•ื—ื™ื ืœืชื‘ื ื™ืช ืืคื™ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ 8x8 ืื™ื ืฅ'. 4. ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืงืขืจื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืืช ื”ืงืžื—, ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ืขืœ, ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื”ื—ื•ื ื•-1/4 ื›ืคื™ืช ื”ืžืœื— ื”ื ื•ืชืจืช. ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘. 5. ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ืžืื” ื”ืงืจื” ื•ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ืื• ื‘ื‘ืœื ื“ืจ ืžืืคื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืขื“ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื” ื—ื•ืœ ื’ืก. 6. ืžื•ืจื—ื™ื ืืช ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ื”ืงืจืืžื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืชืคื•ื—ื™ื, ืœื•ื—ืฆื™ื ืงืœื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื˜ื”. 7. ืื•ืคื™ื 40-45 ื“ืงื•ืช, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžื–ื”ื™ื‘ ื•ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืชืคื•ื—ื™ื ืžื‘ืขื‘ืข. 8. ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืœืงืจืืžื‘ืœ ืœื”ืชืงืจืจ ื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื”ื’ืฉื”. ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื—ื ืขื ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื’ืœื™ื“ืช ื•ื ื™ืœ ืื• ืงืฆืคืช, ืื ืจื•ืฆื™ื. ืชื”ื ื”!
ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉืžื•ืช ืชื•ืืจ ืœืชื™ืื•ืจ ืื“ื ืขื ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ื•ืžื•ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘.
nan
ืฉื ื•ืŸ, ื›ืจื™ื–ืžื˜ื™, ืขืœื™ื–.
ื›ืžื” ืžืฉื˜ื— ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžื›ื•ืกื” ื‘ืžื™ื?
nan
ื›-71% ืžืฉื˜ื— ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžื›ื•ืกื” ื‘ืžื™ื. ืžืชื•ื›ื, 97.5% ื”ื ืžื™ื ืžืœื•ื—ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื, ื‘ืขื•ื“ 2.5% ื”ื ื•ืชืจื™ื ื”ื ืžื™ื ืžืชื•ืงื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื ื”ืจื•ืช, ืื’ืžื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืชืช-ืงืจืงืขื™ื™ื.
ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืžื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœื›ืื‘ ื‘ืžืจืคืง.
nan
ื›ืื‘ื™ ืžืจืคืง ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื’ืจื ืžืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœ: 1. ืคืฆื™ืขื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื™ืชืจ: ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื•ื ืฉื ื•ืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืื—ื™ื–ื” ื‘ืžื—ื‘ื˜, ื”ื ืคืช ืžืงืœ ื’ื•ืœืฃ ืื• ื”ืจืžืช ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช, ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœืืžืฅ ืืช ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื, ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืœื—ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื™ื, ื•ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื“ื™ื. ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ืฉืจื™ืจื™ ื”ืืžื” ืœืขืฆื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืžืคืจืง ื”ืžืจืคืง. 2. ื“ืœืงืช ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื™ื: ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื“ืœืงืช ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืจืคืง ืขืงื‘ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื™ืชืจ. ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ืœืงืช ื‘ื’ื™ื“ ื‘ืžืจืคืง ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืžืจืคืง ื˜ื ื™ืก ื•ืžืจืคืง ื’ื•ืœืฃ. 3. ื“ืœืงืช ืคืจืงื™ื: ื™ืฉื ื ืžืกืคืจ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ืœืงื•ืช ืคืจืงื™ื ืฉืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื›ืื‘ื™ ืžืจืคืงื™ื. ื“ืœืงืช ืžืคืจืงื™ื ื ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช, ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื ื’ืจืžืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืื™ ื‘ืžืคืจืง. ื“ืœืงืช ืžืคืจืงื™ื ืฉื’ืจื•ื ื™ืช, ื”ืคืจืขื” ืื•ื˜ื•ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ืช, ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื’ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืžืคืจืง ื”ืžืจืคืง. 4. ื‘ื•ืจืกื™ื˜ื™ืก: ื‘ื•ืจืกืช ื”ืื•ืœืงืจื ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืฉืง ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ื•ื–ืœ ื”ืžืจืคื“ ืืช ืงืฆื” ื”ืžืจืคืง. ืื ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื“ืœืงืชื™, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื›ืื‘ ื•ื ืคื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจืคืง. 5. ืฉื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืงืขื™ื: ืฉื‘ืจ ืื• ืฉื‘ืจ ื‘ืื—ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื‘ื–ืจื•ืข ืฉืœืš ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื›ืื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืจืคืง. ื ืงืขื™ื ื›ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ืžืคืจืง ื”ืžืจืคืง. 6. ื“ื—ื™ืกืช ืขืฆื‘: ื”ืขืฆื‘ ื”ืื•ืœื ืจื™ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจืคืง. ืื ื”ื•ื ื ื“ื—ืก ืื• ื ืฆื‘ื˜, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื›ืื‘, ื—ื•ืกืจ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื•ืขืงืฆื•ืฅ ื‘ืžืจืคืง, ื‘ื™ื“ ื•ื‘ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืจื•ืคื ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื›ืื‘ื™ ืžืจืคืง ืžืชืžืฉื›ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืฉืชืคืจื™ื ืขื ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื•ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ื™ืชื™ื•ืช. ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืจื ืœื›ืื‘ ื•ืœืคืชื— ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื.
ืฆื•ืจ ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ืœืขื•ื’ืช ืชื•ืชื™ื
nan
**ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ืœืขื•ื’ืช ืชื•ืชื™ื** ืžืฆืจื›ื™ื: ืœืขื•ื’ื”: - 1 1/2 ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืงืžื— ืœื›ืœ ืžื˜ืจื” - 1 1/2 ื›ืคื™ื•ืช ืื‘ืงืช ืืคื™ื™ื” - 1/4 ื›ืคื™ืช ืžืœื— - 1/2 ื›ื•ืก (1 ืžืงืœ) ื—ืžืื” ืœืœื ืžืœื—, ื—ื“ืจ ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” - 1 ื›ื•ืก ืกื•ื›ืจ ืžื’ื•ืจืขืŸ - 2 ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช - 1/2 ื›ื•ืก ืžื—ื™ืช ืชื•ืชื™ื ื˜ืจื™ื™ื - 1/2 ื›ื•ืก ื—ืœื‘ ืžืœื - 1 ื›ืคื™ืช ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื•ื ื™ืœ ืœืฆื™ืคื•ื™ ืงืจื ื—ืžืื” ืชื•ืชื™ื: - 3/4 ื›ื•ืก (1 1/2 ืžืงืœื•ืช) ื—ืžืื” ืœืœื ืžืœื— , ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจืช ื”ื—ื“ืจ - 3 1/2 ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืื‘ืงืช ืกื•ื›ืจ - 1/4 ื›ื•ืก ืžื—ื™ืช ืชื•ืชื™ื ื˜ืจื™ื™ื - 1 ื›ืคื™ืช ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื•ื ื™ืœ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช: ืœืขื•ื’ื”: 1. ืžื—ืžืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื ื•ืจ ืœ-350 ืžืขืœื•ืช ืคืจื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ (180 ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฆืœื–ื™ื•ืก) ื•ืžืฉืžื ื™ื ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ 8 ืื™ื ืฅ'. ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ื’ื” ืขื’ื•ืœื•ืช. 2. ื˜ื•ืจืคื™ื ื‘ืงืขืจื” ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืงืžื—, ืื‘ืงืช ื”ืืคื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ืžืœื—. ืœึฐื”ึทืคึฐืจึดื™ืฉื. 3. ื‘ืงืขืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื ืคืจื“ืช ืžืงืฆื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืžืื” ืขื“ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืงืจื. ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื•ืžืงืฆื™ืคื™ื ืขื“ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืจื” ื•ืชืคื•ื—ื”, ื›-2 ื“ืงื•ืช. 4. ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื, ืื—ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื, ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื™ืคื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ื•ืกืคื”. 5. ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืช ืžื—ื™ืช ื”ืชื•ืชื™ื ื•ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ืขื“ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืื—ื™ื“ื”. 6. ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืœืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ื”ื—ืžืื” ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ื”ืงืžื— ื•ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ืจืง ืขื“ ืœืื™ื—ื•ื“. ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืœื‘ ื•ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื”ื•ื•ื ื™ืœ ื•ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ืขื“ ืœืื™ื—ื•ื“. ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื™ืชืจืช ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ื”ืงืžื— ื•ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ืจืง ืขื“ ืœืื™ื—ื•ื“. 7. ืžื—ืœืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื’ื” ื”ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืœื™ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžืจื™ืช. 8. ืื•ืคื™ื 25-30 ื“ืงื•ืช, ืื• ืขื“ ืฉืงื™ืกื ื”ื ื ืขืฅ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื™ื•ืฆื ื ืงื™. 9. ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืœืขื•ื’ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืงืจืจ ื‘ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืžืฉืš 5 ื“ืงื•ืช, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืจืฉืช ืœืฆื™ื ื•ืŸ ืžืœื. ืœืฆื™ืคื•ื™ ืงืจื ื—ืžืื” ืชื•ืชื™ื: 1. ื‘ืงืขืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืงืฆื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืžืื” ืขื“ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืงืจื. 2. ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืช ืื‘ืงืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ, ืžื—ื™ืช ื”ืชื•ืชื™ื ื•ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื”ื•ื•ื ื™ืœ ื•ืžืงืฆื™ืคื™ื ืขื“ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ื—ืœืงื” ื•ืื•ื•ืจื™ืจื™ืช, ื›-3 ื“ืงื•ืช. ืœื”ืจื›ื‘ื”: 1. ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืช ืขื•ื’ื” ืื—ืช ืขืœ ืžืขืžื“ ืœืขื•ื’ื” ืื• ืขืœ ืฆืœื—ืช ื”ื’ืฉื”. ืžื•ืจื—ื™ื ื›ืžื•ืช ื ื“ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืฆื™ืคื•ื™ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื’ื”. 2. ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืžืขืœ ืืช ืฉื›ื‘ืช ื”ืขื•ื’ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ืœื•ื—ืฆื™ื ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื˜ื”. 3. ืžื•ืจื—ื™ื ืืช ื™ืชืจืช ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ื™ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื“ืคื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื’ื”, ื•ืžื—ืœื™ืงื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžืจื™ืช. 4. ืชืคืื•ืจื”
ืชืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœืืคืงื˜ ื“ื•ืคืœืจ.
nan
1) ืฆืœื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืืžื‘ื•ืœื ืก ื—ื•ืœืฃ: ื›ืืžื‘ื•ืœื ืก ืฉืฆืคื™ืจืชื• ืžืชืงืจื‘ืช, ืื•ืจืš ื”ื’ืœ ืฉืœ ื’ืœื™ ื”ืงื•ืœ ื ื“ื—ืก, ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืฆืœื™ืœ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื›ืฉื”ืืžื‘ื•ืœื ืก ื—ื•ืœืฃ ื•ืžืชืจื—ืง, ืื•ืจืš ื”ื’ืœ ืฉืœ ื’ืœื™ ื”ืงื•ืœ ื ืžืชื—, ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืฆืœื™ืœ ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ. 2) ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืจื™ืงืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช: ื›ืฉืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืชืงืจื‘ืช ืœืชื—ื ื”, ื ืจืื” ืฉืงื•ืœ ื”ืฉืจื™ืงื” ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื”ื• ืœืžืฉืงื™ืคื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจืฆื™ืฃ. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืฉืจื™ืงื” ืคื•ื—ืช ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืชืจื—ืงืช ืžื”ืจืฆื™ืฃ. 3) ื”ืกื˜ื” ืœืื“ื•ื ื•ื”ืกื˜ื” ื›ื—ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืจ ืžื’ืœืงืกื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช: ื›ืืฉืจ ืฆื•ืคื™ื ื‘ืื•ืจ ืžื’ืœืงืกื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช, ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืื•ืจืš ื”ื’ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืจ ืขืงื‘ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืœืงืกื™ื” ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื•ืคื”. ืื ื”ื’ืœืงืกื™ื” ืžืชืจื—ืงืช, ื”ืื•ืจ ื™ื•ืกื˜ ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืงืฆื” ื”ืื“ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืงื˜ืจื•ื (ื”ืกื˜ื” ืœืื“ื•ื). ืื ื”ื’ืœืงืกื™ื” ื ืขื” ืœืขื‘ืจ ื”ืฆื•ืคื”, ื”ืื•ืจ ื™ื•ืกื˜ ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืงืฆื” ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืงื˜ืจื•ื (ื”ื™ืกื˜ ื›ื—ื•ืœ).
ื‘ื—ืจื• ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœืžื™ืงืจื•-ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื. ื”ืคืœื˜ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-50 ืžื™ืœื™ื.
ืงืืจืŸ ื•ืคื™ื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ืขืจ ื›ืฉืงืืจืŸ ืจืืชื” ื“ื•ื‘ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
ืื•ื™ ืœื! ื–ื” ื‘ื˜ื— ื”ื™ื” ืžืคื—ื™ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงืืจืŸ ื•ืคื™ื˜. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ื•ืœื“ืขืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืชืงืœื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ื‘ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื˜ื™ื•ืœ.
ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ืžื“ืขื™ืช ื”ื—ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ื”ื ืชื•ื ื”.
ืืฉ ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื—ืžืฆืŸ.
ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ืจื”.
ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ืžืฆื’ืช ืขื ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื‘ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ.
ืžื™ืฅ ืžื ื’ื•
ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช 1: ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ืขื ืžื™ืฅ ืžื ื’ื• - ืžื™ืฅ ืžื ื’ื• ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืงื” ื˜ืขื™ื ื•ืžืจืขื ืŸ ื”ืขืฉื•ื™ ืžื ื’ื• ื‘ืฉืœ - ืžื™ืฅ ื–ื” ืขืžื•ืก ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื, ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื• ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืžืฉืงื” ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช 2: ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฅ ืžื ื’ื• - ืžื›ื™ืœ ืจืžื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ C, ื”ืžื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ืช - ืขืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื - ืขืžื•ืก ื‘ื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื”ื’ื ื” ืžืคื ื™ ื ื–ืงื™ ืชืื™ื - ืžืงื•ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื, ื”ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืœืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช 3: ืื™ืš ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืžื™ืฅ ืžื ื’ื• - ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ื›ื•ืก ืžื™ืฅ ืžื ื’ื• ืฆื•ื ืŸ ื›ืžืฉืงื” ืžืจืขื ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื—ื - ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื• ื›ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืฉื™ื™ืงื™ื, ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืขื ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื - ืขืจื‘ื‘ื• ืขื ืžื™ื ืžื•ื’ื–ื™ื ืœืฉืคืจื™ืฅ ื˜ืขื™ื ื•ื‘ืจื™ื - ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืฉืคืจื™ืฅ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฅ ืžื ื’ื• ืœืงื•ืงื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืœื˜ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ื˜ืจื•ืคื™.
ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ื“ืžื•ืช ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ "ื”ื“ื’ ืฉืจ ื‘ืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื”"?
ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืงืœื˜
ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ "ื”ื“ื’ ืฉืจ ื‘ืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื”" ื”ื™ื ื”ืื ืฉื”. ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ืžืฉืคื˜, ื”ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืœื ืื ื•ืฉื™ (ื“ื’) ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื•ืฉื™, (ืฉื™ืจื”). ื”ืื ืฉื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ืคืฅ ื“ื•ืžื, ื—ื™ื” ืื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช.
ืชืืจ ืžื” ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ืžื•ื ื— 'ืื•ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช'.
nan
ืื•ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื”, ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื•ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื“ื™ื” ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช. ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื•ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ื›ืœื™ื, ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ, ืœืฉืชืฃ ื•ืœืชืงืฉืจ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื—ืจืื™ืช ื•ืืชื™ืช. ืื•ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ื ื•, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืœื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื ืฉืขื ืช ืขืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ื•ืœืชืจื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื”.
ื ืชื— ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืŸ 4 ื™ืžื™ื.
nan
ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืฉื ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื. ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื” ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช. ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืฆืขื“ ืคืจื•ื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”. ื–ื” ื™ืจืื” ืฉื”ื ืžื•ืฉืงืขื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื. ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื–ื” ื’ื ืžืืžืฅ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืžืชื— ื•ืฉื—ื™ืงื”, ืœืงื“ื ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืื•ืฉืจ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื”. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืœืฆื‘ื•ืจ ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจื—ื‘. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื•ืคื—ืช. ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืงืฆืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช. ื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืœื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžื–ื”ื™ืจ ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืกื›ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช. ืื ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฉื ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืœืจืขื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื”, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื”ื™ืฉื’ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™. ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื•ืง ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื–ื“ืงืง ืœื”ืขืกืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ืกื•ืช ืืช ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžื•ืคื—ืชื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื•ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”. ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ืื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ื™ืืœืฆื• ืœืฉืœื ืืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืžืฉื›ื•ืจื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืขื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื”ืŸ ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชื ื’ื“ ืœืžื”ืœืš, ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžืชื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ืขืกืงื™ืช. ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืŸ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืคื ื™ื. ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื–ื” ืžื”ืœืš ืคืจื•ื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ื›ืžื” ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœื—ื‘ืจื”, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื’ื ืœืขื•ืจืจ ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœื• ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืชื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ื–ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืฉืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืื–ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืง.
ืชืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœืื•ื›ืœ ืฉืžื•ื’ืฉ ื‘ื—ืชื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ืช
nan
ืื—ืช ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœืื•ื›ืœ ืฉืžื•ื’ืฉ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื—ืชื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื™ืื ื™, ืžื ืช ืื•ืจื– ื‘ื˜ืขื ื”ืขืฉื•ื™ ืžืชื‘ืœื™ื ื™ื, ืขืฉื‘ื™ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืœ ื•ื‘ืฉืจ ืื• ื™ืจืงื•ืช. ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ื”, ืชื•ืกืคืช ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื™ื•ื’ื•ืจื˜, ื•ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžืžื ื• ื›ืฉื”ื ื—ื•ื’ื’ื™ื ืืช ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื”ืžืื•ืฉืจ.
ืฆื•ืจ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœืชื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืกืง ื”ื™ืคื•ืชื˜ื™
nan
ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœืชื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืœืฉื ืช ื—ื‘ืจืช XYZ: 2021 |ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ |ืกื”"ื› ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช|ืžื—ื™ืจ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”|ืกื”"ื› ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช| |Q1 |500 |$10.00 |$5,000 | |Q2 |600 |$10.00 |$6,000 | |Q3 |700 |$10.50 |$7,350 | |Q4 |800 |$11.00 |$8,800 | |ืกื”"ื› |2,600 | |$27,150 | ื”ื ื—ื•ืช: - ื—ื‘ืจืช XYZ ืžื•ื›ืจืช ืžื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืฉืœ 10.00 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื” - ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ 100 ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืœืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ - ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœืขืœื•ืช ื‘-0.50 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ, ื”ื—ืœ ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ - ืกืš ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ืคืœืช ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ. ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืืœื•, ื—ื‘ืจืช XYZ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืฉืœ 27,150 ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘-2021.
ืฆื•ืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืข ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืฉื™ื•ื•ืงื™ืช.
nan
1. ืžื”ื• ืงื”ืœ ื”ื™ืขื“ ืฉืœืš ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืงื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืชื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื• ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช? 2. ื”ืื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืฆืขืช ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืžื‘ื“ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืื• ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœืš ืžื”ืžืชื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœืš? 3. ืื™ืš ืืชื” ืžืชื›ื ืŸ ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืกืขื•ืช ื”ืคืจืกื•ื ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืงื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš? 4. ื‘ืื™ืœื• ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืชืฉืชืžืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื“ื ื•ืœืฉื•ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืื• ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฉืœืš ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœืš?
ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืžืฆื’ืช ืžืฉื›ื ืขืช. ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžืชื›ื•ื ื ื™ื ืœืžืฆื’ืช ื”ื–ื•?
nan
ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืžืฆื’ืช ืžืฉื›ื ืขืช, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืืœื™ื”: 1. ืงื‘ืข ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื”: ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื›ื ื” ืœื›ืœ ืžืฆื’ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื”ื™ ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช. ืžื”ื• ื”ืžืกืจ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื•ืžื”ื™ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ืจืฆื•ื™ื”? ื–ื” ื™ื ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื“ ื•ื™ืืคืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช. 2. ื ืชื— ืืช ื”ืงื”ืœ: ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืงื”ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื’ืช ืœืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ืจืงืข ื•ื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•. ื–ื” ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื’ืช ืœื”ื“ื”ื“ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. 3. ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ืžื™ื“ืข: ืœืื—ืจ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื•ื”ืงื”ืœ, ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืืกื•ืฃ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื, ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื•ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช. ืืœื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืžื™ื ื•ืช. 4. ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ: ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ืงื•ื”ืจื ื˜ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืคืชื—. ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื’ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ื ื‘ืจื•ืจ, ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืžืกืงื ื”. ื›ืœ ื—ืœืง ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืฉืจ ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื ื™. 5. ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืขื–ืจื™ื ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ื™ื: ืชืžื•ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื” ืืœืฃ ืžื™ืœื™ื, ื•ื‘ืžืฆื’ืช ืขื–ืจื™ื ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ืจื‘ ืขื•ืฆืžื”. ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื, ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ืขื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืžืกืจ ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจ. 6. ื—ื–ืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื’ืช: ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื—ื–ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื’ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื—ืœืง. ื–ื” ื’ื ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื›ืœ ืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืชืงืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืฆื’ืช ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ. 7. ื ื”ืœ ื—ืจื“ื”: ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื—ืจื“ื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื”ืฆื’ืช ืžืฆื’ืช ืžืฉื›ื ืขืช. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื–ืืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ื ืฉื™ืžื”, ื”ื“ืžื™ื” ื•ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื™ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ืื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืœื•ืื• ืœืชืช ืžืฆื’ืช ืžื•ืฉื›ืช ืฉืžืขืกื™ืงื” ืืช ื”ืงื”ืœ ื•ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืกืจ ื”ืจืฆื•ื™.
ื›ืชื‘ื• ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ ืœื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืงืกื•ืžื”.
nan
ื”ืฆื’ืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืฉ ืฉืœ ืื•ืคื•ืจื™ื” ืงืกื•ืžื”, ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืงืกื•ืžื” ื”ื—ื“ื•ืจื” ืจืง ื‘ืžื›ืฉืคื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืžื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ื”ื™ื ืฃ ืžืคืจืง ื›ืฃ ื”ื™ื“ ื•ื‘ืœื—ืฉ ืœื—ืฉ, ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืœื ืืช ืœื‘ื ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ืกื•ื—ืคืช, ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ื›ืœ ื–ื›ืจ ืฉืœ ืขืฆื‘ ืื• ื™ื™ืื•ืฉ. ืขืฆื ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืฉืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ืžื ืฆื ืฅ ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืืชืจื™, ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืขืฆืžื” ื–ื•ืจื—ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื‘ืื™ืฉื•ืจ. ืขื ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื–ื”, ื”ืžื˜ื™ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืคื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื”ื™ืžื ื™ื, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื”ืžืฉื›ืจืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืฉืจ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ. ืื‘ืœ ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘, ื›ื™ ืžื™ ืฉืžื ืฆืœ ืœืจืขื” ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืื•ื‘ืš ื”ืงืกื ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื. ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ื›ืžื”, ื•ืชืŸ ืœืื•ืคื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืงืกื•ืžื” ืœื”ืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืš.
ืฉื ื” ืืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ืขืฆื ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื›ื™ื ื•ื™.
ื”ืžื™ื ื‘ื ื”ืจ ื”ื™ื• ืงืจื™ื ืžืงืคื™ืื™ื.
ื‘ื ื”ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืงืจ ืžืงืคื™ื.
ืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื‘ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืคืขื™ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ: ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืกื•ื“ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื‘ื™.
nan
ืื‘ื™ ืกื™ื“ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช.
ืœืคืชื— ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืงื•ื— ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืฆ'ืง ืืื•ื˜ ืžื—ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช
nan
ืœืงื•ื—: ื”ื™ื™, ืื ื™ ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืฆ'ืง-ืืื•ื˜. ืื™ืฉ ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช: ืžืขื•ืœื”! ืžืฆืืชื ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื—ื™ืคืฉืชื ื”ื™ื•ื? ืœืงื•ื—: ื›ืŸ, ืชื•ื“ื”. ืื™ืฉ ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช: ื ืคืœื. ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ื›ืžื” ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืข, ืื– ืืชื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืขืกืงื” ืžืžืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ื”. ื”ืื ืชืจืฆื” ืชื™ืง ืœืจื›ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœืš? ืœืงื•ื—: ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”. ื›ืžื” ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืš? ืื™ืฉ ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช: ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœืš ืžื’ื™ืข ืœ-$45.67. ื”ืื ืชืฉืœืžื• ื‘ืžื–ื•ืžืŸ ืื• ื‘ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก? ืœืงื•ื—: ืื ื™ ืืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืฉืœื™. ืื™ืฉ ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช: ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื”ื›ื ืก ืื• ื”ืงืฉ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืฉืœืš ื›ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ืŸ. ื”ืื ืชืจืฆื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ืฉืœืš ื‘ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืื• ืžื•ื“ืคืกืช? ืœืงื•ื—: ื”ืžื•ื“ืคืก ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื™ืฉ ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช: ื”ื ื” ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ื•ื”ืชื™ืง ืฉืœืš. ืชื•ื“ื” ืฉืงื ื™ืช ืื™ืชื ื•, ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืš ื™ื•ื ื ื”ื“ืจ! ืœืงื•ื—: ืชื•ื“ื”, ื’ื ืืชื”!
ื”ืขืจืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื ืชื•ื ื” ืขื ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ 0 ืœ-10.
ื”ืžืืžืจ "ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš" ืžืืช ื’'ื ื˜ ืกืžื™ืช' ื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืืžืก.
ื‘ืชื•ืจ AI, ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืžืืžืจื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืื• ืชื•ื›ืŸ. ื”ืขืจื›ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื™ื“ืข ืžื•ืžื—ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ ื•ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืงืจื™ืื” ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื™ืช ื•ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜. ืื ื™ ืžืฆื™ืข ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืžืืžืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžื—ื” ืžื•ืกืžืš ืื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื ื”ืœื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืžื™ืชื™ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื•.
ืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื‘ื ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ืžื•ืชื ื”.
ืื ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ืกืฃ, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืงื•ื ื” ืจื›ื‘.
ื”ืืžื™ืจื” ื”ืžื•ืชื ื™ืช "ืื ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ืกืฃ, ืื– ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืงื•ื ื” ืจื›ื‘" ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™.
ืฆื•ืจ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ืชืจืžื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ.
nan
ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ืชืจืžื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืืชื’ืจ "ืžื™ืจื•ืฅ ืžื“ื”ื™ื", ืฉืขื•ืฆื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืจื™ืืœื™ื˜ื™ ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ืช ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”. ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ื•ืžืชื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื“ืจืš ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื•ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ืช ืื•ืชื. ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืืœื” ื™ื”ื™ื• ืชื•ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ื•ื ืคืฉื™ืช, ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื“ ื ื‘ืœื•ืช, ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื˜ืจื™ื•ื•ื™ื” ื•ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ืžื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื. ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื ื›ืœ ืืชื’ืจ, ื”ื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืจืžื– ืฉืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ื‘ื. ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื•ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืงื• ื”ืกื™ื•ื ื™ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืคืจืก ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื›ืžื• ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื ืœืœื•ื ื” ืคืืจืง ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืื• ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืžืชื ื” ืœืžืกืขื“ื” ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ืช. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ื™ื™ืก ื›ืกืคื™ื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžื”ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืœืฉืœื ื“ืžื™ ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ, ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืขืกืงื™ื ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื—ืกื•ืช ื•ืœืชืจื•ืžื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžื•ื›ืจื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืกื—ื•ืจื” ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ ื‘ืงื• ื”ืกื™ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืžื–ื›ืจื•ืช ืœืžื›ื™ืจื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื™ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ. ืื™ืจื•ืข ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ื™ื”ื™ื” ื“ืจืš ืžืจื’ืฉืช ื•ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืœื’ื™ื™ืก ื›ืกืฃ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ, ืืœื ื’ื ื™ืกืคืง ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืžื”ื ื” ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื.
ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืžืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ื— ื”ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™
nan
ื‘ื–ื™ืœื™ืงื•ื ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื‘ ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ื— ื”ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™.
ืชืŸ ืฉื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื‘ื— ื”ื•ื“ื™.
nan
ื›ืžื” ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื‘ื— ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื: ืคื•ื ื’'ื‘ื™, ืžื•ื’ืœืื™, ืจื’'ืกื˜ืื ื™, ื’ื•ื’'ืจืื˜ื™, ื‘ื ื’ืœื™, ื“ืจื•ื ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ื’ื•ืืŸ. ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื” ืžื”ื ืชืจืฆื” ืœื“ืขืช ื™ื•ืชืจ?
ื‘ืฆืข ืคืขื•ืœื” ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืช.
5 + 50
55
ืชืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื ืจื—ื‘ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื™ืžื•ืช ืžืจื•ืžื–.
nan
ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื ืจื—ื‘ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื™ืžื•ืช ืžืจื•ืžื– ื”ื•ื Smart Lock ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื’ืœ. ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื–ื• ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืืœื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžืžื ื• ืœื”ื–ื™ืŸ ืืช ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืฉืœื•, ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžื™ืงื•ื, ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืื• ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืคื ื™ื. ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืœืžื™ื“ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื•ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ, Smart Lock ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืื ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžื™, ื•ืžืกืคืง ืฉื›ื‘ืช ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืขื ืื™ืžื•ืช ื—ืœืง.
ืžืฆื ื“ืจืš ืžื”ื ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืžื“ืขื™.
nan
ื“ืจืš ืžื”ื ื” ืื—ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ "ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจ ื’ืขืฉ ืื›ื™ืœ". ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืืกื•ืฃ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืกื•ื“ื” ืœืฉืชื™ื™ื”, ื—ื•ืžืฅ, ืฆื‘ืขื™ ืžืื›ืœ ื•ืงืฆืช ื‘ืœื™ืœืช ืงืืคืงื™ื™ืงืก. ืื•ืคื™ื ืงืืคืงื™ื™ืงืก (ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืฉื”ื•ื›ื ื” ืžืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืืจื•ื–ื” ืœื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืื• ื”ื›ื™ื ื• ืžืืคืก ืื ืืชื ืžืขื“ื™ืคื™ื) ื•ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื”ื ืœื”ืชืงืจืจ. ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืœื™ื‘ื” ืืช ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืงืืคืงื™ื™ืง ื•ืžืฉืื™ืจื™ื ื—ื•ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ. ืžืžืœืื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืกื•ื“ื” ืœืฉืชื™ื™ื”, ื•ืžืขืœื™ื• ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื›ืžื” ื˜ื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื‘ืข ืžืื›ืœ. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช, ืฉืคืš ืคื ื™ืžื” ืžืขื˜ ื—ื•ืžืฅ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื•ืจ ื•ืฆืคื” ื‘ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืจ ื”ื’ืขืฉ ืžืชืขื•ืจืจืช ืœื—ื™ื™ื, ื›ืฉื”ืกื•ื“ื” ืœืฉืชื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืžืฅ ืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ืชื•ืกืกืช. ืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื–ื” ืžื•ืฉืš ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช, ืืœื ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื ื“ืจืš ื˜ืขื™ืžื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื™ืžื™ื•ืช.
ื‘ื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ืžื•ืฆืจ, ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช.
ืื‘ืงืช ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ืช
ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื‘ืงืช ื”ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ื•ืื ื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืชืจืฉื ืžื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช! ืื‘ืงืช ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ื–ื• ื ื•ืฆืจื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืง ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœืชืžื™ื›ื” ื•ืœืชื“ืœืง ืืช ื”ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื™, ื•ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืฉืžืชื™ ืœื‘ ืœื”ื‘ื“ืœ. ืขืจื‘ื•ื‘ ืื‘ืงืช ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ื–ื• ืงืœ ืœื”ืคืœื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืชืœื‘ืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืœืœื ื’ื•ืฉื™ื. ื”ื˜ืขื ื˜ืขื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฉืœื ืœื”ื•ืกืคื” ืœืฉื™ื™ืงื™ื ืื• ืœื”ื›ื ืช ืฉื™ื™ืง ืคืฉื•ื˜. ืื ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื‘ืงืช ื”ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื• ืœืื—ืจ ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœื™ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืžืœื ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืง, ืชื•ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืกืคืงืช ืืช ื”ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืืžื™ื ื• ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉื•ืช ื•ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื. ื”ื›ืœืœืช ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืจืžื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื•ื ื•ืก ื ื•ืกืฃ. ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ, ืื ื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืžื— ืžืื‘ืงืช ื”ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ื•ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืืžืœื™ืฅ ืขืœื™ื” ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžื—ืคืฉ ืชื•ืกืฃ ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ ื•ื™ืขื™ืœ.
ื ื™ืกื•ื— ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืœืžืžืฉืง ืžืฉืชืžืฉ.
nan
ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืขื•ื–ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช, ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืช. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื ื” ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืœืžืžืฉืง ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ื™ืฉื: 1. **ื–ื”ื” ืืช ืงื”ืœ ื”ื™ืขื“**: ื”ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื•ื”ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ ื”ืงืฆื” ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช. ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ื’ื™ืœ, ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื•ื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžืžืฉืง ื”ืžื•ืชืื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื”ื. 2. **ืฆื•ืจ wireframe**: ื™ืฉ ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืคืจื™ืกื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืฉืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืง. ื–ื” ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ืžื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืืœืžื ื˜, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืœื—ืฆื ื™ื, ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื•ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช. 3. **ื‘ื—ืจ ืขืจื›ืช ืฆื‘ืขื™ื**: ื‘ื—ืจ ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืฉืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœืžื•ืชื’ ื•ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ืืช ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื”. ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืžื ื•ื’ื“ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืคืชื•ืจื™ื ื•ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื. ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื ื•ื—ื™ื ืœืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื ืžืกื™ื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ืขืช ืžื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™. 4. **ื‘ื—ืจ ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืคืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ**: ื”ื’ื•ืคืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืจื™ื ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜. ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœืงืจื™ืื” ืงืœื” ืืš ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืขื•ืžืก. 5. **ื”ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืคืชื—**: ื”ืžืžืฉืง ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื•ืงืœ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ. ื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื–'ืจื’ื•ืŸ ืื• ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ. ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”. 6. **ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืจืกืคื•ื ืกื™ื‘ื™**: ื”ืžืžืฉืง ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืกืคื•ื ืกื™ื‘ื™ ื•ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœื’ื“ืœื™ื ื•ืจื–ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ืช ืžืกืš ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื”ืคืจื™ืกื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ, ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืื‘ื“ ื›ืœ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช. 7. **ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืฉืžื™ืฉื•ืช**: ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืงืช ื”ืžืžืฉืง, ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื•ืชื• ืขื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื. ื–ื” ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื”, ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ืชืื. 8. **ื‘ืฆืข ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืœืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช**: ื–ืžื ื™ ื˜ืขื™ื ื” ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ื”. ื’ืจืคื™ืงื” ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ืช, ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื“ื—ื•ืกื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ ื‘ื”ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ื˜ืขื™ื ื”. ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžืžืฉืง ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื™ืขื™ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืคืฉื•ื˜, ืงืœ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื•ืืกืชื˜ื™. ื™ืฉ ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืžืฉื•ื‘ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ.
ืฆื•ืจ ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืœืคื•ืกื˜ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช.
ืชื•ื›ืŸ: ื”ืจื”ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™
"ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื‘ืจื™ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืœื ื˜ื” ืฉืœื ื•: ื”ืฉืชืงืคื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”"
ืชืืจ ืคืฉืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช.
nan
ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ื”ืงืฆืืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช, ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช ืฉืœืš ืžื•ื’ื ื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืื• ื”ืชืงืคื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ืจืฉื™ืช. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื›ืžื• ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ืืฉ, ืชื•ื›ื ืช ืื ื˜ื™-ื•ื™ืจื•ืก, ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื—ื“ื™ืจื”, ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืื•ื‘ื˜ื— ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืืžืฆืขื™ื ืืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืคืจืฆื•ืช ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื•ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ืื•ื‘ื“ื ื™ื ืื• ื ื–ืง ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื, ื”ื ื’ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื–ืžืŸ, ื›ืกืฃ ื•ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื. ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ื ืงื™ื˜ืช ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืชืงื•ืจื”, ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ, ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช, ื”ืŸ ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื’ื ื—ื™ืชื•ืš ืคื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื›ืžื• ืื‘ื˜ื—ื”. ื”ื”ื—ืœืคื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืกืชื›ืžืช ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืžืฆืขื™ ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื—ื–ืงื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœื”ื. ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“, ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกืคืง ืฉืงื˜ ื ืคืฉื™ ื•ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืคืจื•ืช ืื• ื”ืชืงืคื•ืช ื™ืงืจื•ืช. ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ืืžืฆืขื™ ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืงืจื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื•ืœืชื—ื–ื•ืงื”, ื•ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืกื™ื˜ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืžืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืกืง. ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืขืกืงื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื›ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืกืžืš ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื•ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืขืจื›ื™ื ืœืžืฉืคื˜ "ืกืœื™ื ื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืงืฉื”".
nan
1. ื—ืจื™ืฆื•ืช 2. ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ืช
ืชืืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ "ื—ืจื‘ ืคื™ืคื™ื•ืช".
nan
ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ "ื—ืจื‘ ืคื™ืคื™ื•ืช" ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืžืฆื‘ ืื• ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช, ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืื• ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ื›ืื—ื“. ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ื•ื’ื ืžื–ื™ืง ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช. ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืžื’ื™ืข ืžื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ืจื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืฉื ื™ ืงืฆื•ื•ืช ื—ื“ื™ื, ื›ืš ืฉืืžื ื ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืฉืง ืจื‘ ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœ ืฉืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื ืœื ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ื ื–ืง ืœืื“ื ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”. ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžืฆื‘ ืงืฉื” ืื• ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ืื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช ืื• ืงืœื•ืช.
ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ืืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื•ื”ืงื•ืœ.
nan
ื”ืื•ืจ ื ืข ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›-299,792 ืง"ืž ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื” (ืงืž"ืฉ) ื‘ื•ื•ืืงื•ื. ื–ื” ืžื”ื™ืจ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื‘ืข ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืื—ืช. ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ื”ืงื•ืœ ื ืข ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›-343 ืžื˜ืจ ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื” (ืž/ืฉ), ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ืœื—ืฅ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื™ื (0 ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฆืœื–ื™ื•ืก, 1 ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื”), ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื•ืจ. ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื™ื, ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื•ืจ ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืคื™ 874,030 ืžืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ. ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื”ื‘ื–ืง ื‘ืจืง, ืื ื• ื ืฉืžืข ืืช ื”ืจืขื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื•ื—ืจ, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืฉื ื™ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช. ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืžืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืœ.
ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื˜ื‘ืœืช ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืก.
nan
ื”ื ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื‘ืœืช ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืก ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื˜ื•ืก ื‘ื•ืื™ื ื’ 737-800: ``` ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืฆื“ ืฉืžืืœ (A - F) ืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ (G - K) 1 ACDEGH - JK (ืžื—ืœืงืช ืขืกืงื™ื) 2 ACDEGH - JK (ืžื—ืœืงืช ืขืกืงื™ื ) 3 ACDEGH - JK (ืžื—ืœืงืช ืขืกืงื™ื) 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (ืฉื•ืจืช ื™ืฆื™ืื”) 5 ACDEGH - JK (ืžื—ืœืงืช ื›ืœื›ืœื”) 6 ACDEGH - JK (ืžื—ืœืงืช ื›ืœื›ืœื”) 7 ACDEGH - JK ( ืžื—ืœืงืช ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื) 8 ACDEGH - JK (ืžื—ืœืงืช ื›ืœื›ืœื”) 9 ACDFGH - JK (ืžื—ืœืงืช ื›ืœื›ืœื”) 10 ACDFGH - JK (ืžื—ืœืงืช ื›ืœื›ืœื”) 11 ACDFGH - JK (ืžื—ืœืงืช ื›ืœื›ืœื”) 12 ACDFGH - JK (ืžื—ืœืงืช ื›ืœื›ืœื”) 13 ACDFGH - JK (ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™) ) 14 ACDFGH - JK (ืžื—ืœืงืช ื›ืœื›ืœื”) 15 ACDFGH - JK (ืžื—ืœืงืช ื›ืœื›ืœื”) 16 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (ืฉื•ืจืช ื™ืฆื™ืื”) 17 ACDFGH - JK (ืžื—ืœืงืช ื›ืœื›ืœื”) 18 ACDFGH - JK ( ืžื—ืœืงืช ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื) 19 ACDFGH - JK (ืžื—ืœืงืช ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื) 20 ACDFGH - JK (ืžื—ืœืงืช ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื) 21 ACD
ื”ืื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืกืคืง ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื˜ื™ืฃ ืงืœ ื•ื‘ืจื™ื?
nan
ื‘ึผึฐื”ึถื—ืœึตื˜! ื”ื ื” ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ืœื ืฉื ื•ืฉ ืžื”ื™ืจ ื•ื‘ืจื™ื: ื™ื•ื’ื•ืจื˜ ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ ืขื ื“ื‘ืฉ ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืขืจ. ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื: - 1 ื›ื•ืก ื™ื•ื’ื•ืจื˜ ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ ืจื’ื™ืœ - 1 ื›ืฃ ื“ื‘ืฉ - 1/2 ื›ื•ืก ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืขืจ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื (ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืคื˜ืœ, ืื•ื›ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืคื˜ืœ ืฉื—ื•ืจ) - 1 ื›ืฃ ืื’ื•ื–ื™ื ืงืฆื•ืฆื™ื (ืฉืงื“ื™ื, ืื’ื•ื–ื™ ืžืœืš ืื• ืื’ื•ื–ื™ ืคืงืืŸ, ืœืžืฉืœ) ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช: 1. ื‘ ืงืขืจื” ืงื˜ื ื”, ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ื’ื•ืจื˜ ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ ื•ื“ื‘ืฉ ืขื“ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืื—ื™ื“ื”. 2. ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืœืงืขืจื” ืืช ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ืขืจ ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช. 3. ืžืขืœื™ื ืื’ื•ื–ื™ื ืงืฆื•ืฆื™ื ืœืคื™ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ. 4. ืชื”ื ื• ืžื”ื—ื˜ื™ืฃ ื”ื˜ืขื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื›ื! ื”ื—ื˜ื™ืฃ ื”ื–ื” ืขืžื•ืก ื‘ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ืžื”ื™ื•ื’ื•ืจื˜ ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ ื•ื‘ื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ืžืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ืขืจ, ื•ื”ืื’ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืฉื•ืžื ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื•ืงืจืื ืฅ' ืžืฉื‘ื™ืข. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื–ื” ืกื•ืคืจ ืงืœ ืœื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืขื ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืื’ื•ื–ื™ื ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ืš.
ืžืฆื ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืคืจื™ื˜ ืœืžื˜ื”.
"ืžื’ืคื™ ืขื•ืจ ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ื"
1. ืžื’ืคื™ ืขื•ืจ ื—ื•ืžื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ื 2. ืžื’ืคื™ ื–ืžืฉ ืœื ืฉื™ื 3. ืžื’ืคื•ื ื™ ืขื•ืจ ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ื 4. ืžื’ืคื™ ืขื•ืจ ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ื ืขื“ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื™ื™ื 5. ืžื’ืคื™ ืงืจื‘ ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ื 6. ืžื’ืคื™ ืขื•ืจ ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ื 7. ืžื’ืคื™ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืžืขื•ืจ ืœื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื 8. ืžื’ืคื™ื™ื ืžืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจืš 9. ืžื’ืคื™ ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ื 10. ืžื’ืคื™ ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืœื ืฉื™ื.
ื‘ื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ื—ืžืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ื, ื‘ื ื” ืฉื™ืจ ืขื ืžื˜ืจ ืขืงื‘ื™.
ื˜ื™ืคืฉื™, ื”ืกื’ืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœ, ื—ื•ื›ืžื”, ื”ืชื ืฆืœื•ืช, ืืžื•ืŸ
ืื“ื **ื˜ื™ืคืฉ** ืขืฉื” ืคืขื **ื”ืกื’ืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœ**, ืฉื•ื ืชื—ื•ืฉืช **ื—ื•ื›ืžื”** ืœื ืฆื‘ืจ. ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆื™ืข **ื”ืชื ืฆืœื•ืช**, ื›ื ื”, ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœ**ืืžื•ืŸ** ื™ืงื™ืจื™, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ืชื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
ื‘ื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ืžืขืจืš ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจื™ื, ื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืžืขืจืš
ืžืขืจืš: [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืžืขืจืš [2, 4, 6, 8, 10] ื”ื•ื 30.