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ืฉืœื‘ื• ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืžื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• - "ืžื—ื•ื ืŸ", "ืžื•ื›ืฉืจ", "ื—ื›ื" - ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
nan
ืื“ื™ืกื•ืŸ, ืžืžืฆื™ื ืžื—ื•ื ืŸ ื•ื—ื›ื, ื—ื•ืœืœ ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืขื ื”ืžืฆืื•ืชื™ื• ืคื•ืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื“ืจืš.
ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืœืžืืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื’ื™ืคื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช.
nan
"ืžื’ื™ืคืช COVID-19: ื”ืงืจื‘ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื›ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื ืœื—ื ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช"
ื“ืจื’ ืืช ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืžื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
3, 7, 5, 9
ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืžื“ื•ืจื’ื™ื ืžื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ: 3, 5, 7, 9
ืชืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืฉืชื ืชื” ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ.
nan
ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืชืงื“ืžื” ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ื—ืกืจ ืชืงื“ื™ื ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•. ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื” ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื•: 1. ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื: ื”ืกืžืืจื˜ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืคืš ืœืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื•ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื. ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืชืคืชื—ื• ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืžื”ื™ืจ, ื•ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืžื”ื™ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ. ื’ื“ืœื™ ื”ืžืกื›ื™ื ื’ื“ืœื•, ื•ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื’ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ืžื™ื ื•ืื‘ืง. 2. ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜: ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ืฉืชื ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ. ืขื ื”ื•ืคืขืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืจืฉืชื•ืช 4G ื•-5G, ืžื”ื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืจืžื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืฉืœ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื•ืช. ืขืœื™ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื (IoT) ื”ืงื™ื“ืžื” ืืช ืฆืžื™ื—ืชื ืฉืœ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ื”ืคื›ื” ืืช ื”ื‘ืชื™ื ื•ื”ืขืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืœื—ื›ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. 3. ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช: ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื’ื“ืœื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืงืกืคื•ื ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ื›ืืฉืจ ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง, ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื•ื‘ ื•ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืคืจื“ ืžื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื ืฉืœื ื•. ืขืœื™ื™ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื, Tiktok ื•-Snapchat ืฉื™ื ืชื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื, ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜. 4. ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื ืŸ: ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื ืŸ ื—ื•ืœืœ ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืขืกืงื™ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ื•ืื™ืคืฉืจ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืœืคื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉื”. ื–ื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ื•ืคืขืชื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ ืขื ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื–ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืœืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื“ืœื™ื. 5. ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช: AI ืจืืชื” ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื” ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ. ืขื ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ืœืžื™ื“ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื”, ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ื•ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืคื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช, AI ื ืขืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชื•ื—ื›ื, ื•ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื• ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช, ืžื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืงื•ืœ ื•ืขื“ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืชืžื•ื ื”. 6. ื‘ืชื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื: ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื—ืœื” ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื›ื. ืขื ื”ืื™ืžื•ืฅ ืฉืœ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืชื™ื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืชืจืžื•ืกื˜ื˜ื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืชืื•ืจื” ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื”ื‘ืชื™ื ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื™ืขื™ืœื™ื, ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื™ื ื•ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ. ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืชืคืชื—ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื“ื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ื•ื—ื•ืœืœื” ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื”ื—ืœ ืžื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื• ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื ื•ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืขื“ ืœื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื. ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ืžืฉืš, ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช.
ืฆื•ืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœ ื“ื•ื‘ ื•ืืจื ื‘ ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืขืจ.
nan
ืคืขื, ื‘ื™ืขืจ ื™ืจื•ืง ื•ืขื‘ื•ืช ืฉืฉื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืจื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื, ื—ื™ื• ื“ื•ื‘ ื•ืืจื ื‘. ื”ื“ื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืคืจื•ื•ื”, ืขื ืคืจื•ื•ื” ื—ื•ืžื” ื›ื”ื” ื•ืคื ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช. ื”ืืจื ื‘, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื”ื™ื” ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ืžืชืœื˜ืฃ ืขื ืคืจื•ื•ื” ืœื‘ื ื” ืจื›ื” ื•ืื•ื–ื ื™ื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ืฉืขืžื“ื• ื–ืงื•ืคื•ืช. ื”ื“ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืืจื ื‘ ื”ื™ื• ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื. ื”ื ื‘ื™ืœื• ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื™ืžื™ื”ื ื™ื—ื“, ื—ืงืจื• ืืช ื”ื™ืขืจ ื•ื’ื™ืœื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื. ื”ื“ื•ื‘ ืื”ื‘ ืœืชืคื•ืก ื“ื’ื™ื ืžื”ื ื”ืจ ื•ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืื•ืชื ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื•, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืืจื ื‘ ื ื”ื ื” ืœื ืฉื ืฉ ื’ื–ืจ ื˜ืจื™ ื•ื—ืกื”. ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื“ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืืจื ื‘ ื™ืฆืื• ืœื”ืจืคืชืงื”, ื”ื ื ืชืงืœื• ื‘ืงืจื—ืช ื™ืขืจ ื™ืคื” ื‘ื™ืขืจ. ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื–ืจื—ื” ื‘ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ื”ื“ืฉื ื”ื™ื” ื™ืจื•ืง ื•ืจืš. ืคืจื—ื™ ื‘ืจ ืคืจื—ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ื•ืงื•ืœ ืฆื™ื•ืฅ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžื™ืœื ืืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ. ื”ื“ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืืจื ื‘ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื ืœืคื™ืงื ื™ืง. ื”ื ืคืจืฉื• ืฉืžื™ื›ื” ื•ื—ืœืงื• ืžืฉืชื” ื˜ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ืื’ื•ื–ื™ื ื•ื“ื‘ืฉ. ื”ื ืฆื—ืงื• ื•ื“ื™ื‘ืจื•, ื ื”ื ื• ื–ื” ืžื—ื‘ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ืคื”. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืคื™ืงื ื™ืง, ื”ื“ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืืจื ื‘ ื ืฉื›ื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ืฉืžื™ื›ื”, ืฆื•ืคื™ื ื‘ืขื ื ื™ื ื ืกื—ืคื™ื. ื”ืืจื ื‘ ื”ืชื›ืจื‘ืœ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื—ื‘ืจื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื•ืžื•ื’ืŸ. ื›ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืคืš ืœืขืจื‘, ืขืฉื• ื”ื“ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืืจื ื‘ ืืช ื“ืจื›ื ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื‘ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ื™ืขืจ. ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืขื™ื™ืคื™ื ืืš ืžืื•ืฉืจื™ื, ืืกื™ืจื™ ืชื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื ืคืœื ืฉื‘ื™ืœื• ื™ื—ื“. ืžืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ื•ืื™ืœืš, ื”ื“ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืืจื ื‘ ื”ื™ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื ืคืขื ืœืงืจื—ืช ื”ื™ืขืจ ืœืคื™ืงื ื™ืงื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื. ื”ื ื ืฉืืจื• ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ื—ืงืจื• ืืช ื”ื™ืขืจ ื•ื™ืฆืจื• ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ื™ืžืฉื›ื• ืœื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
ืจืฉืžื• 5 ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช.
nan
1. ืฆื•ืจ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ืช: ื”ื’ื“ืจ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื ื•ื—ื” ื•ืžืื•ืจื’ื ืช ื”ื ืคืจื“ืช ืžืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื”ืจืคื™ื” ืื• ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉืœืš. ื–ื” ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืžื–ืขืจ ื”ืกื—ื•ืช ื“ืขืช ื•ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช. 2. ืงื‘ืขื• ืฉื’ืจื”: ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ืกืก ืฉื’ืจืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ืช ื•ืœื“ื‘ื•ืง ื‘ื”. ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืฉืขื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช, ื”ืคืกืงื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžื‘ื ื” ืœื™ื•ื ืฉืœืš. 3. ืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื”ืกื—ื•ืช ื”ื“ืขืช: ื ืกื• ืœืžื–ืขืจ ื”ืกื—ื•ืช ื“ืขืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื“ืจ, ืกื’ื™ืจืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืœืช ืจืขืฉ ืื• ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืžืื ืฉื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ืžื“. 4. ืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืขืžื™ืชื™ื: ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืคืชื— ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช. ื”ืงืคื“ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืฆ'ืง-ืื™ืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ืขื ืขืžื™ืชื™ื, ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ืขื™ื“ื” ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืœืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช, ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืื• ื“ื•ืืจ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™. 5. ืชืขื“ื•ืฃ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™: ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœืชืช ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืœืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ื•ื”ื ืคืฉื™ืช ืฉืœืš ื›ืฉืืชื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช. ืงื— ื”ืคืกืงื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืžืชื—, ืœื”ืชืืžืŸ ืื• ืœื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ, ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ื•ืœืคื ื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืขื” ื•ืคื ืื™.
ื”ืฆืข ื›ืœ ืฉืชื™ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœืžื•ืฆืจ.
ื‘ื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื™ืง ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืคื•ืจืžื˜ื™ื.
1. **ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืืžื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช:** ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœืžื•ืฆืจ ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื”ื ืœื“ื•ื—ื•ืช, ื›ืš ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืคื™ืง ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืจืžื˜ ื”ืชื•ืื ืืช ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื•ื”ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื. 2. **ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืฉืคื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช:** ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืฉืคื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช, ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืžื™ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช. ื–ื” ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืœื ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื•ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื˜ื›ื ื™ื™ื.
ื”ื•ืกืฃ ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœืฉื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื.
"ืื ื™ ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ื–ื•ืจืžืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืฆื™ื ืื ื™ ืขื“ื™ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ ื›ื•ื— ื˜ื‘ืข, ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช"
ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืงืฆืจ ืืš ื”ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื”ื–ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืจ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ื— ื›ื›ื•ื— ื˜ื‘ืข ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ ื•ื ื•ื›ื— ืชืžื™ื“ื™. ื”ืจื•ื— ืžืชื’ืœืžืช, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืชืืจืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืงืฉืจ ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ ืขื ื”ืงื•ืจื. ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื ื•ืขื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืืš ื”ื—ื–ืงื•ืช, ื”ืจื•ื— ื–ื•ืจืžืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืฆื™ื, ื•ืžืฉืงืคืช ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื” ื•ื“ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืช. ื ืชืขืžืง ื‘ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—: "ืื ื™ ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ื–ื•ืจืžืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืฆื™ื ืื ื™ ืขื“ื™ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ ื›ื•ื— ื˜ื‘ืข, ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช"
ื”ืฆืข ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืคื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช
nan
ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืคื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ื“ืœ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื ื˜ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช. ื–ื” ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ืœืžื™ื“ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื•ื•ื’ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืฆื™ื, ืคื•ืกื˜ื™ื ืื• ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื›ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื, ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื™ื ืื• ื ื™ื˜ืจืœื™ื™ื. ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžืฉ ืœืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืชื’, ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื“ืขืช ื”ืงื”ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืžืกื•ื™ื ืื• ืœืžื—ืงืจ ืฉื•ืง. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืžืฉืง ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช ื•ืงืœื” ืœื”ื‘ื ื”, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช.
ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื”, ืกืคืง 3 ืžืชื›ื•ื ื™ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘-4 ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืžื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืจืฉื•ืžื™ื.
ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื: ืชืคื•ื—ื™ ืื“ืžื”, ื’ื–ืจ, ืกืœืจื™, ื‘ืฆืœ, ืฉื•ื
1) ืชืคื•ื—ื™ ืื“ืžื” ืฉื•ื ืงืœื•ื™ื™ื ืขื ื‘ืฆืœ ืžืงื•ืจืžืœ: ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื: - 4 ืชืคื•ื—ื™ ืื“ืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื - 4 ืฉื™ื ื™ ืฉื•ื - 2 ื‘ืฆืœื™ื - ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช - ืžืœื— ื•ืคืœืคืœ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ: 1. ืžื—ืžืžื™ื ืชื ื•ืจ ืœ-375 ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฆืœื–ื™ื•ืก. 2. ื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื 4 ืชืคื•ื—ื™ ืื“ืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคืจื•ืกื•ืช ื•ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ืืคื™ื™ื”. 3. ื›ื•ืชืฉื™ื 4 ืฉื™ื ื™ ืฉื•ื ื•ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ืขื ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช. ืžื–ืœืคื™ื ืขืœ ืชืคื•ื—ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื” ื•ืžืชื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืœื— ื•ืคืœืคืœ. 4. ื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื 2 ื‘ืฆืœื™ื ืœืคืจื•ืกื•ืช ื“ืงื•ืช ื•ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืชืคื•ื—ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื”, ืžืคื–ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื—ื™ื“ื”. 5. ืื•ืคื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš 45 ื“ืงื•ืช, ืื• ืขื“ ืฉืชืคื•ื—ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื” ืจื›ื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ืฆืœ ืžืชืงืจืžืœ. 2) ืžืจืง ื’ื–ืจ ื•ืชืคื•ื—ื™ ืื“ืžื”: ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื: - 5 ื’ื–ืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื - 3 ืชืคื•ื—ื™ ืื“ืžื” ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื - 1 ื‘ืฆืœ - 3 ืฉื™ื ื™ ืฉื•ื - ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช - ืžืœื— ื•ืคืœืคืœ - ืฆื™ืจ ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ: 1. ืงื•ืœืคื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื ื’ื–ืจ ื•ืชืคื•ื—ื™ ืื“ืžื” ืœื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช. 2. ื‘ืกื™ืจ ืžื—ืžืžื™ื ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื‘ืฆืœ ื—ืชื•ืš ืœืงื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช, ืžื‘ืฉืœื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืš ื•ืฉืงื•ืฃ. 3. ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืฉื•ื ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ืฉืœื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื“ืงื”, ื•ืื– ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืœืกื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื’ื–ืจ ื•ืชืคื•ื—ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื”. 4. ื™ื•ืฆืงื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืžืจืง ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืœื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœืจืชื™ื—ื”. 5. ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื–ื” ืœื”ืชื‘ืฉืœ ืขื“ ืฉื”ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืจื›ื™ื, ื›-20 ื“ืงื•ืช. 6. ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ืœื ื“ืจ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืื• ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืจืง ืœื‘ืœื ื“ืจ ื•ืžื˜ื’ื ื™ื ืขื“ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืžื—ื™ืช ื—ืœืงื”. 7. ืžืชื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืœื— ื•ืคืœืคืœ ืœืคื™ ื”ื˜ืขื. 3) ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืžื•ืงืคืฆื™ื: ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื: - 4 ืชืคื•ื—ื™ ืื“ืžื” ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื - 4 ื’ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื - 4 ื’ื‘ืขื•ืœื™ ืกืœืจื™ - 1 ื‘ืฆืœ - 3 ืฉื™ื ื™ ืฉื•ื - ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช - ืžืœื— ื•ืคืœืคืœ - ืชื™ื‘ื•ืœ ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ: 1. ืงื•ืœืคื™ื ืชืคื•ื—ื™ ืื“ืžื” ื•ื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื ืœืงื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช. 2. ืงื•ืœืคื™ื ื’ื–ืจ ื•ื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื ืœื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช. 3. ื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื ืกืœืจื™ ืœื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช. 4. ืžื—ืžืžื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืขืœ ืืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช. 5. ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื‘ืฆืœ ื—ืชื•ืš ืœืงื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื‘ืฉืœื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืš, ื•ืื– ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืฉื•ื ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ืฉืœื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื“ืงื”. 6. ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืช ืชืคื•ื—ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื” ืœืžื—ื‘ืช ื•ืžื‘ืฉืœื™ื ื›-5 ื“ืงื•ืช, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืจื›ืš. 7. ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื–ืจ ื•ื”ืกืœืจื™ ื•ืžื‘ืฉืœื™ื ืขื•ื“ 5 ื“ืงื•ืช ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืขืจื‘ื•ื‘ ืชื“ื™ืจ. 8. ืžืชื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืœื—, ืคืœืคืœ ื•ืชื™ื‘ื•ืœ ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ ื•ืžื‘ืฉืœื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืจื›ื™ื.
ื”ืฆืข ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ.
ื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช
ื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืื—ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ืื•ืชื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ืจื•ืื” ื”ื•ืžืœืก ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘, ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืจืง ืœืชืช ืœื• ื›ืกืฃ ืจื•ืคืฃ, ื”ื•ื ืœื•ืงื— ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืฉื‘ืช ืื™ืชื•, ืœื ื”ืœ ืฉื™ื—ื” ื•ืœืงื ื•ืช ืœื”ื ืืจื•ื—ื” ื“ืฉื ื”. ื”ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื ื•ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืขื™ืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืื• ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืœืชืžื•ืจื”.
ืกื•ื•ื’ื• ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœืื—ืช ืžืฉืชื™ ื”ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช: ื“ืขื” ืื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”.
- ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื›ืชื•ืžื™ื. - ื“ื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื—ืžื•ื“ื™ื.
- ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื›ืชื•ืžื™ื: ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” (ื‘ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉื”ืืžื™ืจื” ื”ื–ื• ื ืืžืจืช ืขืœ ืžื™ืงื•ื ื•ื–ืžืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืื›ืŸ ื ืจืื™ื ื›ืชื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉืœ ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืง ืื• ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืข ืื—ืจื•ืช. ืื•ืœื, ืœืœื ื”ืงืฉืจ, ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื™ืจืื• ื›ื“ืขื”). - ื“ื•ื‘ื™ื ื—ืžื•ื“ื™ื: ื“ืขื”.
ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฆื—ื™ืง ืœื”ืฆื”ืจื” ื”ื–ื•.
ื”ืฆื”ืจื”: ื—ืชื•ืœื™ื ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืžื“ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืขื ืžืขื˜ ืฉื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจ, ื—ืชื•ืœื™ื ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืžื“ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื—ืชื•ืœื™ื, ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื›ืœื‘ื™ื, ืื™ื ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืžืชืžื“ืช ื•ืคื™ื ื•ืง. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช, ื”ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”. ื•ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ืžื•ื ืจืš ืฉืžื›ื‘ื“ ืืช ืขืฆืžื•, ื”ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื–ื”. ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื” ื—ืชื•ืœื™ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืžื“ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืืชื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื? ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ืชื—ืœื”, ื”ื ืžื™ื•ืžื ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ื”ืจืคื™ื”. ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื ืกืคื ื™ืงืจ, ื—ืชื•ืœื™ื ื ื™ื—ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืžื•ืœื“ืช ืœื”ืชืจื•ื•ื— ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ. ืงืจืŸ ืฉืžืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืจืฆืคื”? ื–ืžืŸ ืชื ื•ืžื”. ื›ื‘ื™ืกื” ื˜ืจื™ื™ื”? ื–ืžืŸ ืชื ื•ืžื”. ื’ืจื‘ ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืฉื ืฉืืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื˜ื”? ื ื™ื—ืฉืช ืืช ื–ื”. ื–ืžืŸ ืชื ื•ืžื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ื”ืจืคื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื, ืœื—ืชื•ืœื™ื ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืžืจืชืงืช. ืžื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืจื™ืืœื™ื˜ื™ ื›ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ื—ืชื•ืœ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืžืจื’ืข ืจื’ื•ืข ื•ืืกื•ืฃ ืœืคืกื™ื›ื•ื˜ื™ ืžืœื ื‘ื”ืจืฃ ืขื™ืŸ? ืื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืžืฉื•ื˜ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืจื—ืง ืžื›ืœื™ ืื•ื›ืœ ืจื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื ื”ืชื—ื ื ื• ืืœื™ื• ืจืง ืจื’ืขื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ? ื”ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ื’ืžืจ. ื—ืชื•ืœื™ื ื”ื ื’ื ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืื—ืจืช ืื™ืš ื”ื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœืชืžืจืŸ ืืช ื‘ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืฉืจืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื—ืžื” ืฉืœื”ื? ื›ืคื” ืขื“ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ื–ืจื•ืข, ืžื™ืื• ืžืชื•ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื”ื ืžืจืง ื‘ื›ืคื•ืชื™ื”ื. ืœื—ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ, ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ื•ื”ืง ื ื—ื•ืฉ ื•ื—ื‘ื˜ื” ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืœื›ืœ ื—ืคืฅ ื‘ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื›ืคื” ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืกืจ - ื”ืื›ื™ืœื• ืื•ืชื™, ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื. ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื—ืชื•ืœ ื›ื—ื™ื™ืช ืžื—ืžื“ ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ื—ืกืจืช ืชืงื“ื™ื ืœืกืคืง ื ื•ื—ื•ืช. ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืฉื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืจื•ืฉืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœื‘ ื•ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœื‘ ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืข, ื”ื’ืจื’ืจ ื”ืขื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืคืจื•ื•ื” ื”ืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืชื•ืœ ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืจื•ื’ืข ืžืจื’ื™ืข. ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ ื ื›ืฉืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื ื—ืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ื›ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ ืœื ืžื ื•ื ื—ืชื•ืœ. ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ื—ืชื•ืœื™ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืžื“ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืœื”ื™ืจื’ืข ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื“ืจืช ืฉืœื”ื, ื˜ืงื˜ื™ืงืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื” ื•ื”ืžื ื™ืคื•ืœืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื, ื•ื”ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืœื”. ืœืžื™ ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืžืฉื•ื›ื ืข, ืื ื—ื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื•ืืœื™ื - ื”ืื ื ื™ืกื™ืชื ืคืขื ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื›ื— ืขื ื—ืชื•ืœ? ืชืืžื™ืŸ ืœื ื•, ื–ื” ืœื ืฉื•ื•ื” ืืช ื–ื”.
ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื”ื ืชื•ื ื”, ื‘ื—ืจ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืื—ื“.
ืฉื—ื™ื™ื”, ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ, ื”ื•ืงื™, ื˜ื ื™ืก, ื‘ื“ืžื™ื ื˜ื•ืŸ
ืฉื—ื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืขื ืฃ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื”ื ืชื•ื ื”.
ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ 'ืชืคื•ืฆื” ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ืช'
nan
ื”ืชืคืœื’ื•ืช ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ืช, ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื’ื ื‘ืฉื ื”ืชืคืœื’ื•ืช ื’ืื•ืกื™ืช ืื• ืขืงื•ืžืช ื”ืคืขืžื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืคืœื’ื•ืช ื”ืกืชื‘ืจื•ืช ืจืฆื™ืคื” ืฉื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”, ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”. ื”ื•ื ืžืชืืจ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืฆื•ืจื” ืกื™ืžื˜ืจื™ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ืจื•ื‘ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื ื•ื˜ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืงื‘ืฅ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืžืกืคืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืชืฆืคื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืคืœ ืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื” ืžืฉื ื™ ืฆื“ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข, ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจ ืขืงื•ืžืช ืฆื•ืจืช ืคืขืžื•ืŸ. ื”ื”ืชืคืœื’ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ืช ืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ื™ ืคืจืžื˜ืจื™ื: ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข (ฮผ) ื”ืžื›ืชื™ื‘ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื ืžืฆื ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื”ืชืคืœื’ื•ืช, ื•ืกื˜ื™ื™ืช ื”ืชืงืŸ (ฯƒ) ื”ืžื•ื“ื“ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืื• ื”ืคื™ื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื. ืกื˜ื™ื™ืช ื”ืชืงืŸ ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื ื• ื›ืžื” ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ืชืฆืคื™ื•ืช ื ื•ื˜ื•ืช ืœื™ืคื•ืœ. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชืฆืคื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื‘ืฆื•ืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข, ืกื˜ื™ื™ืช ื”ืชืงืŸ ืงื˜ื ื”, ื•ืขืงื•ืžืช ื”ืคืขืžื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ืฆืจื”. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชืฆืคื™ื•ืช ืžืคื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืกื˜ื™ื™ืช ื”ืชืงืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืขืงื•ืžืช ื”ืคืขืžื•ืŸ ืงืฆืจื” ื•ืจื—ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ื”ืชืคืœื’ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ืช ืžืฉืžืฉืช ืœืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืข ืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ืžื ืช ืžืฉื›ืœ, ื’ื‘ื”ื™ื, ืžืฉืงืœื™ื, ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื ื•ืขื•ื“. ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืžืฉ ื’ื ื›ื”ื ื—ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื›ืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ื”ืชืคืœื’ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ืช ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืชืงื™ื ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžื ื™ื—ื•ืช ืชืงื™ื ื•ืช.
ื”ืคืง ื“ื•ื— ืžื—ืงืจ ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ COVID-19 ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ.
nan
ื”ืงื“ืžื”: ืœืžื’ืคืช ื”-COVID-19 ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ืขืœ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื”ื—ืœ ืžืฉืจืฉืจืช ืืกืคืงื”, ื“ืจืš ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ, ื•ื”ืฆื‘ืช ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืขืกืงื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ. ื“ื•ื— ื–ื” ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ COVID-19 ืขืœ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ืžื ืชื— ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžื’ืžื•ืช ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืง ืกืงื™ืจื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ื•ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช. ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืืกืคืงื”: ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื” ืขื ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืืกืคืงื” ืขืงื‘ COVID-19. ืขืœ ืคื™ ืกืงืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืฉืงืื•ืช ืฉื ืขืจืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•-IRI ื‘ืžืื™ 2020, 80% ืžื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื• ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืืกืคืงื” ืฉืœื”ืŸ. ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉื™ื ืืœื” ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืกื’ื™ืจืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช, ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื ืกื™ืขื” ื•ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ืขืงื‘ ืžื—ืœื” ืื• ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืกื’ืจ. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืœืคื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™, ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื™ืจื“ ื‘-8% ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2020 ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืฉื ื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืฉืœ ืกื’ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืžืคืขืœื™ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“. ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื: COVID-19 ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžื ื™ืœืกืŸ, ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘, ื—ืœื” ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ืœืช ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2020, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื“ื• ื‘ื—ืคืฆื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœืงืจืืช ืกื’ื™ืจื•ืช. ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืจื™ื, ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืงืคื•ื ื•ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื ื™ื™ืจ ืขืœื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืชื•ืฆืจืช ื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืชื›ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื™ืจื“ื•. ื”ืžื’ื™ืคื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื’ื ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืงื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆืจื›ื™ื ืžืงื•ื•ื ื•ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ืกืงืจ ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื ื™ืœืกืŸ ื”ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœื• ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-300% ื‘ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ 2020 ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘-2019. ืขืกืงื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ: ืžื’ื™ืคืช ื”-COVID-19 ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ืœืขืกืงื™ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืœื” ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™, ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-120 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ื™ืคื”, ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-8 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืคื•ื˜ืจื• ืื• ืคื•ื˜ืจื•. ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื ืืœืฆื• ืœื”ืกืชื’ืœ ืœื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ืœื“ื’ืžื™ ื˜ื™ื™ืง ืืื•ื˜ ื•ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื ืื• ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ. ื”ืžื’ื™ืคื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื’ื ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ื›ืืฉืจ ืขืกืงื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื™ืฉืžื™ื ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช ื•ืชืฉืœื•ื ืœืœื ืžื’ืข ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ื ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช. ืžืกืงื ื”: ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ืœืžื’ื™ืคืช COVID-19 ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ืขืœ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ืฉื™ื‘ืฉื” ืืช ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืืกืคืงื”, ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืฆื’ื”
ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืกื›ื ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื.
ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืกื ื˜ื” ืื ื” ื”ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื•ืช, ื—ืžื•ืช ื•ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช ืฉืžืงื•ืจืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื“ืจื•ื ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื” ื•ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืื—ื” ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื•ื”ืกืชื™ื•. ื”ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ื”ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ ืขื“ ืžืจืฅ, ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืฉืจื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ, ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื“ 80 ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœืฉืขื”. ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืืœื• ื ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื‘ืœื—ืฅ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžื”ืื’ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื ื‘ืื“ื” ื•ืืจื™ื–ื•ื ื” ื ืข ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ื•ื™ื•ืจื“ ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื”ื• ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืชืงืจื‘ ืœืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืฉืงื˜.
ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืกื ื˜ื” ืื ื” ื”ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื” ื•ื‘ื‘ืื—ื” ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”. ื”ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ื”ื ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืžืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ ืขื“ ืžืจืฅ, ื™ื“ื•ืขื•ืช ืœืฉืžืฆื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืŸ ื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœืฉืจื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื“ 80 ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœืฉืขื”. ื”ื ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื‘ืœื—ืฅ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžื”ืื’ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื ืข ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ื•ืžืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื’ื•ื‘ื”ื• ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืฉืงื˜.
ืžื”ื™ ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ืช ืœืื“ื ืฉืœื ืื›ืคืช ืœื•?
nan
ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ืช ืœืื“ื ืฉืœื ืื›ืคืช ืœื• ื”ื™ื "ืื“ื™ืฉ" ืื• "ืื“ื™ืฉ". ืžื™ืœื™ื ืืœื• ืžืขื™ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ืื’ื” ืื• ืจื’ืฉ ื›ืœืคื™ ืื—ืจื™ื ื•ืจื•ื•ื—ืชื.
ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ?
nan
ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ: 1. ื”ื‘ืŸ ืืช ื”ืงื”ืœ: ืขืจื›ื• ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื•ื”ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ืœ ืฉืœื›ื. ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘, ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื•ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ. 2. ืฉืคืจ ืืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืืชืจ: ื–ืžื ื™ ื˜ืขื™ื ื” ืื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืžืื•ื“ ืขืœ ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ. ื‘ืฆืข ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ื“, ืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืฉืœ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืฉืงื•ืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืจืฉืช ืืกืคืงืช ืชื•ื›ืŸ (CDN) ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืืชืจ. 3. ื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืœืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™: ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ื‘ืืชืจ ืงืœ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ, ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื•ืขืงื‘ื™. ืงื‘ืฅ ื“ืคื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ืชืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื, ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช, ื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช. 4. ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืฉืคื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”: ื›ืชื‘ื• ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืงืœื” ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ื•ื”ื™ืžื ืขื• ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื–'ืจื’ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื™. ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช, ืชื‘ืœื™ื˜ื™ื, ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืคืกืงืื•ืช ืงืฆืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืœืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ. 5. ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืขืœ ืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืœื ื™ื™ื“: ืขื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื™ื’ืฉื™ื ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืžืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืืชืจ ืžื•ืชืื ืœื ื™ื™ื“. ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืจืกืคื•ื ืกื™ื‘ื™, ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืืชืจ ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ื–ืžื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืกื›ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. 6. ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืฉื•ื‘ ืžืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื: ืืกื•ืฃ ื•ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžืฉื•ื‘ ืžืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืคืจ. ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืกืงืจื™ื, ื‘ื˜ืคืกื™ ืžืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื•ื ื—ื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื. 7. ืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘: ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื™ืชื•ื’ ืขืงื‘ื™, ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ืืชืจ. ื–ื” ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืžื’ื•ื‘ืฉืช ื•ืžื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื•ืš ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืœืžื•ืชื’. 8. ืกืคืง ืชืžื™ื›ืช ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืœื”: ืกืคืง ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืชืžื™ื›ืช ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื“ื•ื"ืœ, ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื•ืฆ'ืื˜ ื—ื™. ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืžื’ื™ื‘ื”, ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ื•ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืžืชืขื•ืจืจืช.
ืฆื•ืจ ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ืœืขื•ื’ืช ื’ื‘ื™ื ื” ื“ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ื ื™ื.
nan
ื”ื ื” ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืขื•ื’ืช ื’ื‘ื™ื ื” ื“ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ื ื™ื: ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื: - 1 ื›ื•ืก ืคื™ืจื•ืจื™ ืงืจืงืจ ื’ืจื”ื - 1/4 ื›ื•ืก ืกื•ื›ืจ - 1/4 ื›ื•ืก ื—ืžืื” ืžื•ืžืกืช - 24 ืื•ื ืงื™ื•ืช. ื’ื‘ื™ื ืช ืฉืžื ืช ืžืจื•ื›ื›ืช - 1 ื›ื•ืก ืกื•ื›ืจ - 1 ื›ืคื™ืช. ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื•ื ื™ืœ - 4 ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช - ืคื—ื™ืช ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ืคืื™ ื“ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ื ื™ื ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช: 1. ืžื—ืžืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื ื•ืจ ืœ-350ยฐF (175ยฐC). 2. ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืงืขืจื” ืืช ืคื™ืจื•ืจื™ ืงืจืงืจ ื’ืจื”ื, 1/4 ื›ื•ืก ืกื•ื›ืจ ื•ื—ืžืื” ืžื•ืžืกืช. ืœื—ืฅ ืืช ื”ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ื”ื–ื• ืœืชื—ืชื™ืช ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ืงืคื™ืฆื™ืช ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ 9 ืื™ื ืฅ'. 3. ื˜ื•ืจืคื™ื ื‘ืงืขืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืืช ื’ื‘ื™ื ืช ื”ืฉืžื ืช ื”ืจื›ื”, 1 ื›ื•ืก ืกื•ื›ืจ ื•ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื•ื ื™ืœ ืขื“ ืฉื”ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ื—ืœืงื”. 4. ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ืื—ืช ืื—ืช ืœืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ื’ื‘ื™ื ืช ื”ืฉืžื ืช. ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืœืขืจื‘ื‘ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ื•ืกืคื”. 5. ื™ื•ืฆืงื™ื ืืช ืžืœื™ืช ื’ื‘ื™ื ืช ื”ืฉืžื ืช ืœืชื‘ื ื™ืช ื”ืงืคื™ืฆื™ืช ืขืœ ืงืจื•ื ืงืจืงืจ ื’ืจื”ื. 6. ืื•ืคื™ื ืืช ืขื•ื’ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื ื” ื›-50 ื“ืงื•ืช, ืื• ืขื“ ืฉื”ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ืžื–ื”ื™ื‘ื™ื ืงืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžืชื™ื™ืฆื‘. 7. ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืœืขื•ื’ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื ื” ืœื”ืชืงืจืจ ื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืกื›ื™ืŸ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืื•ืชื” ืžื”ืชื‘ื ื™ืช. ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืœืขื•ื’ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื ื” ืœื”ืชืงืจืจ ืœื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจืช ื”ื—ื“ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžืฆื ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืžืงืจืจ ืœืžืฉืš 4 ืฉืขื•ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช. 8. ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ืขื•ื’ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืฆื•ื ื ืช ืขื ืžืœื™ืช ืคืื™ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ื ื™ื ืžืขืœ. ืชื”ื ื”!
ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื ืชื•ื ื”, ื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœืงื•ื— ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช
$12, $14, $27, $23
ืขืœ ืกืžืš ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืกื•ืคืงื•, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœืงื•ื— ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื•ืกืคืช ื›ืœ ื”ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื•ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื. $12 + $14 + $27 + $23 = $76 ื™ืฉ 4 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ื›ืš ืฉื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœืงื•ื— ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื”ื•ื $76/4 = $19.
ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื ืคืฉ.
nan
ืžื—ืœืช ื ืคืฉ ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื ืคืฉื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจื•ื—, ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื. ื–ื” ื ื’ืจื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื’ื ื˜ื™ื™ื, ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื, ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื™ื ื•ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื. ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื—ื“ ืžื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ื•ื” ื•ืจื™ืืฆื™ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืฉืœ ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ ื ืคืฉื™ ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื”. ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ, ื—ืจื“ื”, ื”ืคืจืขื” ื“ื• ืงื•ื˜ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืกื›ื™ื–ื•ืคืจื ื™ื”. ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžื—ืœืช ื ืคืฉ ืฉื›ื™ื—ื” ื”ืžืื•ืคื™ื™ื ืช ื‘ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืžืชืžืฉื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืฆื‘, ื—ื•ืกืจ ืชืงื•ื•ื” ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื”ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ืจ. ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ื—ืจื“ื” ืžืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืคื—ื“ ืื• ื“ืื’ื” ืžื•ื’ื–ืžืช ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชื‘ื˜ื ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืคืจืขืช ื—ืจื“ื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช, ื”ืคืจืขืช ืคืื ื™ืงื” ื•ืคื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช. ื”ืคืจืขื” ื“ื• ืงื•ื˜ื‘ื™ืช ืžืื•ืคื™ื™ื ืช ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ืžืฉื™ืื™ื ืžืื ื™ื™ื ืœืฉืคืœ ื“ื™ื›ืื•ื ื™. ืกื›ื™ื–ื•ืคืจื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื—ืœืช ื ืคืฉ ืงืฉื” ื”ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืืฉืœื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื–ื™ื•ืช. ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืžืจื—ื™ืงื•ืช ืœื›ืช ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื‘ืฉ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื, ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื•ื”ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช. ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืกื˜ื™ื’ืžื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช ื ืคืฉ, ืžื” ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื›ืš ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื ืžื ืขื™ื ืžืœื‘ืงืฉ ืขื–ืจื”. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ื—ืžืจื” ื‘ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ืืฃ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื•ื”ืชืื‘ื“ื•ืช. ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ืžืฉืชื ื” ื•ืžืชื‘ืกืก ืœืจื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ืฉื”ืื“ื ื—ื•ื•ื”. ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืชืจืคื™ื”, ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื’ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื”ื™ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื”ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœืคืชื— ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื. ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื’ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช ื ืคืฉ. ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืชืจื•ืคืชื™ ื•ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืชืจืคื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ืช ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื™ื’ืžื” ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ื”. ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื ืคืฉื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ื”ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื•ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื. ื–ื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœืช ื ืคืฉ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืขื–ืจื” ืžื•ืงื“ื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ื‘ื ื” ื•ืงื‘ืœื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจืช, ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืืœื• ื”ื ืื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ืœื’ืฉืช ืœืชืžื™ื›ื” ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื” ืœื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ืช ืืช ืžืœื•ื ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืฉืœื”ื.
ืชืŸ ืฉื ืฉืœ ืกืœื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ ืžืคื•ืจืกื ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข
nan
ื˜ื•ื ืงืจื•ื– ื”ื•ื ืกืœื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ ืžืคื•ืจืกื ืฉื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข.
ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืกื›ื ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื›ืคืœ.
nan
ื”ืกื›ื ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื›ืคืœ ื”ื•ื ืืžื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื” ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืชืฉืœื•ื ืžืก ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืื• ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื•ืŸ, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ืื• ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืช, ืืš ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื›ื ืกืชื ืื• ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืจืช. ื”ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžื›ืกื™ื ืžืกื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื›ื•ืจื•ืช, ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื“ื ื“ื™ื, ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช, ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ื•ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื•ืŸ. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืกื›ื ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื›ืคืœ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื–ื– ืืช ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืžืก ืฉืฉื•ืœื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ื—ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืก ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืจืช. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื–ื™ื›ื•ื™ ืžืก ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืชื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืžืก ืฉืฉื•ืœื ืขืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืช ื›ื–ื™ื›ื•ื™ ืžืก ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื” ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืื• ื”ืื“ื. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืื ืชื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืžื ื›ืก ืœื”ืฉื›ืจื” ื‘ืฆืจืคืช ื•ืžืฉืœื ืขืœื™ื• ืžืก ื‘ืฆืจืคืช, ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชื‘ื•ืข ื–ื™ื›ื•ื™ ืžืก ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ื–ื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื—ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืก ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”. ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ื’ื ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ื ืœืื™ื–ื• ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืžืก ืขืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื. ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ, ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื‘ืžืก ืจืง ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ืžืชื‘ืฆืขืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืื—ืจื™ื ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื‘ืžืก ืจืง ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืกื›ื ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื›ืคืœ ื”ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืก ืฉืœื”ื. ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื›ืคืœ ืžืก ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืงื“ื ืกื—ืจ ื•ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื—ื•ืฆื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื ื˜ืœ ื”ืžืก, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืชืžืจื™ืฆื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ื›ืืœื”.
ื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ืงื•ื˜ืจ ื”ืžืขื’ืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื˜ื—.
ืฉื˜ื— = 314.15
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืงื•ื˜ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืขื’ืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื˜ื—ื•, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื ื•ืกื—ื”: ืฉื˜ื— = ฯ€ * r^2 ื›ืืฉืจ: - ืฉื˜ื— ื”ื•ื ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžืขื’ืœ. - r ื”ื•ื ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ื”ืžืขื’ืœ. - ฯ€ ืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขืจืš ืœ-3.1415. ืขื ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขื’ืœ, ืฉื”ื•ื 314.15, ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืจื“ื™ื•ืก. 314.15 = ฯ€ * r^2 r^2 = 314.15/ฯ€ r^2 = 100 r = โˆš100 r = 10 ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืงื•ื˜ืจ ื”ืžืขื’ืœ ื›ืคื•ืœ ืžืื•ืจืš ื”ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœื•, ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืกื—ื”: ืงื•ื˜ืจ = 2 * r ืœื›ืŸ, ืงื•ื˜ืจ ื”ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ื•ื: ืงื•ื˜ืจ = 2 * 10 ืงื•ื˜ืจ = 20 ืื–, ืงื•ื˜ืจ ื”ืžืขื’ืœ ืขื ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ 314.15 ื”ื•ื 20.
ืกื›ืžื• ืืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื’ื™ืจื”
nan
ืœื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื”ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืฉื ืคืจืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื. ื”ื—ืœ ืžืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืื” ื”-18, ืžืžืฉืœืช ืืจื”"ื‘ ื—ื•ืงืงื” ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ืžืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื• ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื—ื•ืง ื”ื”ื“ืจื” ื”ืกื™ื ื™ืช ืžืฉื ืช 1882 ื•ื—ื•ืง ื”ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ืžืฉื ืช 1924. ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืืœื” ื”ืชื‘ืกืกื• ืขืœ ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ ืืจื”"ื‘ , ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ "ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ื”ื’ื–ืข" ื•ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ืืจื”"ื‘ ื—ื•ื•ืชื” ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื”ื’ื™ืจื”, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืžืงืœื˜ ืžืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ืžืœื—ืžื”. ื—ื•ืง ื”ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ื•ื”ืœืื•ื ืžืฉื ืช 1965 ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ืžื›ืกื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืขืœ ืœืื•ื ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ืžืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœื” ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™. ื‘ืฉื ืช 1986, ื—ื•ืง ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื•ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื‘ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ื”ืขื ื™ืง ื—ื ื™ื ื” ืœื›ืžืขื˜ 3 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžื”ื’ืจื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ ืชื™ืขื•ื“, ืืš ื’ื ื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืกื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื ืฉืฉื›ืจื• ื‘ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ ืชื™ืขื•ื“. ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ืชืจื›ื–ื• ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื›ืžื• ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช, ืžืชืŸ ืžืขืžื“ ื—ื•ืงื™ ืœืžื”ื’ืจื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ ืชื™ืขื•ื“, ื•ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื•ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื’ื™ืจื”. ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”-Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA), ืฉื™ื•ืฉืžื” ื‘-2012, ืกื™ืคืงื” ื”ื’ื ื” ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืžืคื ื™ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืœืžื”ื’ืจื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืืจื”"ื‘ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื. ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื ื•ืฉื ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืชืžืฉืš ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœืช ื—ืงื™ืงื”. ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ, ื”ื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ืžื•ืฉืคืข ืžื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช, ืžื’ืžื•ืช ื“ืžื•ื’ืจืคื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืชื ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื, ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื•ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ืžืชืžืฉื›ื™ื.
ืกืคืง ืชืงืฆื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืืžืจ ื–ื”.
ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžื ื™ืขื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืงื“ื™ืžื”. ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช, ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืœืžื™ื“ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืขืฆื•ื ืœืขืกืงื™ื ื•ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื›ืื—ื“. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื™ืฉื ื ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื ืœืžื”ืคื›ื” ื–ื•. ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืจื›ื–ื™, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช.
ื”ืžืืžืจ ื“ืŸ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช, ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืœืžื™ื“ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื”, ื“ื•ื—ืคืช ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืžืกืคืงืช ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืขืกืงื™ื ื•ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืขื ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ื“ืื’ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช.
ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื•ืจืช ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื“ื•ื"ืœ ืœื”ื›ืจื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉืงืช ืžื•ืฆืจ ื—ื“ืฉ.
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"ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•: ื”ืฉืงืช ืžื•ืฆืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืœืขื“ื™!"
ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื‘ื ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ื—ืงื™ืจื”: "ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืคื—ื“ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคื•ืžื‘ื™".
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ื”ืื ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืคื—ื“ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคื•ืžื‘ื™?
ืกื›ืžื• ืืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ื‘-5-8 ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื.
ืกืงืจ ืจืื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ (KiGGS) ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืกืงืจื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืžืงื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืฆืขื• ืื™ ืคืขื ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ื•ืื•ืจื— ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”. ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘-2003 ื•ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ื•ื”ื ืคืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืžืชื‘ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืจืžื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืœืื™ื 0 ืขื“ 17. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืžืชืŸ ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื”, KiGGS ื—ื•ืงืจ ื’ื ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช, ืชื–ื•ื ื”, ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.
ืกืงืจ ื”ืจืื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ, ืื• KiGGS, ื”ื•ื ืกืงืจ ืจื—ื‘ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืื•ืจื— ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”. ื”ืžื—ืงืจ, ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2003, ืžืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ ื’ืจืžื ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœืื™ 0 ืขื“ 17, ื•ืžืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืจื•ื•ื—ืชื ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ื•ื”ื ืคืฉื™ืช. ื™ืชืจื” ืžื›ืš, ื”ืกืงืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช - ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช, ื”ืจื’ืœื™ ืชื–ื•ื ื”, ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช - ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช. ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ, KiGGS ื”ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืจื‘ ืขืจืš ื”ืžืกืคืง ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”.
ืžืฆื ืฉื ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืžืชื—ืจื– ืขื 'ื™ืจื—'
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ืฉื ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืžืชื—ืจื– ืขื ื™ืจื— ื”ื•ื "Croon".
ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ืœ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืคื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช.
nan
ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ืœ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืคื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช (NLP), ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื: 1. ื”ืขืฉืจืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืื™ืžื•ืŸ: ืื—ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ืœ NLP ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืกืฃ ืขื•ื“ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืื™ืžื•ืŸ. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ืžืื•ืžืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืชืคืจ ื‘ื ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื•ื”ื‘ื ืช ืชืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื•ืช. 2. ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจื”: ืœืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ืจืฉืช ืขืฆื‘ื™ืช ืžืื•ืžืŸ ืžืจืืฉ ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื›ืฉืจ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžืขืจืš ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื” ื“ื•ืžื”. ื‘-NLP, ื–ื” ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื”ืชืืžืช ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืคื” ืงื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืขืจืš ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชืื™ื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš. 3. ื”ื ื“ืกืช ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช: ื”ื ื“ืกืช ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืื™ื ืคื•ืจืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจืš ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื›ืงืœื˜ ืœืžื•ื“ืœ ืœืžื™ื“ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื”. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื ื™ืชื•ื— N-gram, TF-IDF vectorization ื•ื›ื•'. ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉืคืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื•ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ืœ NLP.
ื‘ื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ืจื’ืฉ, ื”ืขืœื• ืžื•ื ื— ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืžืชืืจ ืืช ื”ืจื’ืฉ ื”ื–ื”.
ื‘ึผึดืœื‘ึผื•ึผืœ
"ืชืžื™ื”ื”"
ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืืชืจ ืžืกื—ืจ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™.
ืื™ืŸ ืงืœื˜
ื™ืฉื ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืขืœื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืืชืจ ืžืกื—ืจ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืงืฉื” ืœืกืคืง ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ืœืœื ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ. ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืขืœื•ืช: 1. ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช: ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืืชืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืš ื™ืขืœื” ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœื•. ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื, ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื•ืชืืžื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืขื ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช. 2. ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื•ืžื™ืชื•ื’: ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื•ืžื™ืชื•ื’ ื‘ื”ืชืืžื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืงืจ ืืช ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืืชืจ, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ืืชื ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ืžืฉืจื“ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™. 3. ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื”: ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ืžืกื—ืจ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช, ื—ืœืงืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืื—ืจื•ืช ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืžื ื•ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืื• ืชืฉืœื•ื ื—ื“ ืคืขืžื™. 4. ืžืคืชื—ื™ื: ืฉื›ื™ืจืช ืžืคืชื— ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืืชืจ ืฉืœืš ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืงืจื”, ืืš ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืชืจ ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ ืฉื™ืขื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš. ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืืœื•, ืขืœื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืืชืจ ืžืกื—ืจ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื ื•ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืœืืชืจ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ืขืœ ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ื›ืžื• Shopify, ื•ืขื“ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืชืจ ื‘ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืชืืžื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืขื ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช.
ืขืฆื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื”ื–ื” ืžืคื™ืกืงื” ืœืจืฉื™ืžื”
Python ื”ื™ื ืฉืคืช ืชื›ื ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช, ื‘ืจืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืงืœื“ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ื ืžื™ ื•ืžืกืคืง ื›ืœื™ื ื•ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืช ืœืงืœ ื•ื™ืขื™ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ
Python ื”ื™ื ืฉืคืช ืชื›ื ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช, ื‘ืจืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช. - ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืงืœื“ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืช - ืžืกืคืง ื›ืœื™ื ื•ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื - ื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืช ืœืงืœ ื•ื™ืขื™ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื‘ืกื•ืœื ืฉืœ 1 ืขื“ 5, ื›ืžื” ื™ืขื™ืœ ืœื“ืขืชืš ื”ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืงื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœื ื•?
nan
ืื ื™ ืžื•ื“ืœ ืœืฉืคืช AI ื•ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืงืฉืจ ื•ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืกืข ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืจ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™. ืื ื ืกืคืง ืœื™ ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ, ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ, ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืื• ืžืฉื•ื‘ ืงื”ืœ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื•ื›ืœ ืœืกืคืง ืœืš ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช.
ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื ื”ืžืฆืืชื™ ืœืกื•ื’ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื›ืจื™ืš.
nan
"Crunch'n Munch Delight"
ืชืืจ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœ ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ืœืจืื™ื™ื” ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช.
nan
ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ืœืจืื™ื™ื” ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื•ื ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื• ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ืžื–ื”ื” ื•ืžื–ื”ื” ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืื• ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืชืžื•ื ื”. ื–ื” ืžื•ืฉื’ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืขืฆื‘ื™ื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืื• ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื–ื”ื”. ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืืœื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื•ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ืžื” ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืžืฉื•ืคืจ ืฉืœ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืœืกื™ื•ื•ื’ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง. ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื” ื–ื• ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื, ื”ื—ืœ ืžืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช, ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืชืžืจื•ืจื™ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื, ืœืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ืื‘ื˜ื—ื”, ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื•ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืคื•ืœืฉื™ื, ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ื“ืžื™ื” ืจืคื•ืื™ืช, ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžื–ื”ื” ื•ืžืชื•ื•ื” ืื ื˜ื•ืžื™ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™. ืžื‘ื ื™ื. ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ืœืจืื™ื™ื” ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ ืชืžื•ื ื”, ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื, ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชืžื•ื ื” ื•ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืชืžื•ื ื”.
ืžืชืืจ ื–ืจื™ืžืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื•ื“ืœ ืœืžื™ื“ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื”.
nan
ืœื”ืœืŸ ื–ืจื™ืžืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื•ื“ืœ ืœืžื™ื“ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื”: 1. ื”ื’ื“ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”: ืœืคื ื™ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ืœ ืœืžื™ื“ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื”, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœืš ื”ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืืชื” ืžื ืกื” ืœืคืชื•ืจ. ื–ื” ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื”ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ื•ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื. 2. ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื•ื”ื›ื ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื: ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”, ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื”ื•ื ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื•ื”ื›ื ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื. ื–ื” ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื ื™ืงื•ื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช, ื•ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœืคื•ืจืžื˜ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžืฉ ืืช ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ืœืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื”. 3. ื‘ื—ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ: ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื•ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื, ื‘ื—ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืœืžื™ื“ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืฉื™ืกืคืง ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื›ืžื” ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืจื’ืจืกื™ื” ืœื™ื ื™ืืจื™ืช, ืขืฆื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”, ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืขืฆื‘ื™ื•ืช. 4. ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ: ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื”ื•ื ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื. ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื–ื ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื•ื”ืชืืžืช ืคืจืžื˜ืจื™ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื–ืขืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื’ื™ืื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ื”ื—ื–ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ. 5. ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ: ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœื• ื‘ืžืขืจืš ืื™ืžื•ืช ื ืคืจื“. ื–ื” ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื“ื“ื™ ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื•ืง, ื“ื™ื•ืง, ื–ื›ื™ืจื” ื•ืฆื™ื•ืŸ F1 ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ืžืชืคืงื“. 6. ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืŸ ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื’ื: ืื ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ ื”ื“ื’ื ืื™ื ื ืžืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื›ื•ื•ื ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชืืžืช ื”ืคืจืžื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืœื• ืื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื“ื’ื ืื—ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™. 7. ืคืจื™ืกืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ: ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื•ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืŸ, ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœืคืจื•ืก ืื•ืชื• ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ. 8. ืžืขืงื‘ ื•ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ: ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื ื˜ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจืฆื™ืฃ ืืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืกืคืง ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื•ืช. ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืื• ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ื“ื’ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื“ื™ื•ืงื•.
ืกื›ืžื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื‘ื ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ืื—ื“: ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืžื™ืžืŸ ื•ื”ืœื™ื•ื, ืขื ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื.
nan
ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืžื™ืžืŸ ื•ื”ืœื™ื•ื, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื.
ื”ืฆืข ืฉืชื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืขืฉืฉืช.
nan
1. ืœืฆื—ืฆื— ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ื˜ ื“ื ื˜ืœื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข: ืื—ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืขืฉืฉืช ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืฉื’ืจืช ื”ื™ื’ื™ื™ื ืช ืคื” ืขืงื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฆื—ืฆื•ื— ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืชื™ ื“ืงื•ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ื˜ ื“ื ื˜ืœื™ ืคืขื ื‘ื™ื•ื. ื–ื” ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื ื™ื›ื™ื™ื ืฉืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขืฉืฉืช. 2. ืฆืคื• ื‘ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื•ืฉื•ืชื™ื: ืœืชื–ื•ื ื” ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื, ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืงืื•ืช ืžืžื•ืชืงื™ื ืื• ื—ื•ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืคืชื— ืขืฉืฉืช. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช, ื ืกื• ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืžืื•ื–ื ืช ื•ืขืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื™ืจืงื•ืช, ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื—ืœื‘ ื•ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื“ืœื™ ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื›ืžื• ื‘ืฉืจ ืจื–ื” ื•ื“ื’ื™ื, ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกืคืง ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื•ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืžื ื™ืขืช ืขืฉืฉืช. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืฉื˜ื™ืคืช ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื.
ื–ื”ื” ืืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆืžื—ื™ื ืคื•ืจื—ื™ื.
nan
ืฉืชื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆืžื—ื™ื ืคื•ืจื—ื™ื ื”ื ื—ื“-ืฆืžื™ืชื™ื ื•ื“ื•-ืฆืžื™ืชื™ื. ืœื—ื“-ืคืกื™ื’ื™ื, ืื• ื—ื“-ืคืกื™ื’ื™ื™ื, ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ืจืข ืื—ื“ ืคืกื™ื’ื™ื™ื, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื“ื•-ืคืกื™ื’ื™ื, ืื• ื“ื•-ืคืกื™ื’ื™ื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ ืคืกื™ื’ื™ื. ื–ื”ื• ืื—ื“ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช, ืืš ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื’ื ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ืคื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื“-ืฆื•ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœื“-ืงื•ื˜ื‘ื™ื™ื.
ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืงืฉืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื.
-ืฉื™ืงื•ื™ ืงืกื -ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ืช -ื—ืคืฅ ื’ื ื•ื‘
ืคืขื, ื‘ืžืžืœื›ื” ืจื—ื•ืงื”, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืขืชื™ืงื” ืžืœืื” ื‘ืืœืคื™ ืกืคืจื™ื ื•ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื™ื“ ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืžื›ื™ืœ ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ืจ ื•ืœื”ื•ื•ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืชืœื™ื•, ืžื•ื ื— ืฉื™ืงื•ื™ ืงืกื ืจื‘ ืขื•ืฆืžื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืขื ื™ืง ืœื‘ืขืœ ื”ืืœืžื•ื•ืช. ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื“ืขื• ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ืžื• ื”ืชืคืชื• ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœื’ื ื•ื‘ ืื•ืชื•, ืืš ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืจ ื‘ื›ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžื›ื•ืฉืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื”. ืœื™ืœื” ืื—ื“, ื’ื ื‘ ืฉืฉืžืข ืขืœ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืงืกื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื™ ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืชื’ื ื‘ ืืœ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื”. ื”ื ืขืฉื• ืืช ื“ืจื›ื ืขืžื•ืง ืœืชื•ืš ืžื“ืคื™ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื”, ื”ืชื—ืžืงื• ืžื”ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืžื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”, ื•ืชืคืกื• ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื™. ืื‘ืœ, ื›ืฉื”ื’ื ื‘ ื ืžืœื˜ ืžื”ืžืงื•ื, ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ืžืฉืš ืืช ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื - ื—ืคืฅ ื‘ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื ื’ื ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘. ื”ื’ื ื‘ ืชืคืก ื’ื ืื•ืชื• ื•ื‘ืจื— ืืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš. ืœืžื—ืจืช ื’ื™ืœื• ื”ืกืคืจื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื ืจืชืขื•. ื”ื ื™ื“ืขื• ืฉื–ื” ืจืง ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื™ืชืคืชื— ื›ืื•ืก, ืฉื›ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื™ ื•ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื”ื’ื ื•ื‘ ื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืขืฆื•ื. ื”ืžื™ืจื•ืฅ ื”ื—ืœ ืœืฉื—ื–ืจ ืืช ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืžื“ื™, ื•ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื”ืฉืœื•ื•ื” ื•ื”ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ืคืขื ื”ื•ืฉืœื›ื” ืœืกืขืจื”.
ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืœืคื™ ืกื“ืจ.
ื’ืŸ, ืœืœื›ืช, ืืจื•ืš, ืคื ื™ืžื”
ื‘, ื’ืŸ, ืืจื•ืš, ืœืœื›ืช
ื‘ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื–ื•, ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื”ื›ื ืช ื›ืจื™ืš.
nan
ื”ื›ื ืช ื›ืจื™ืš ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืงืœื” ื•ืžื”ื™ืจื”. ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื›ืจื™ืš ื˜ืขื™ื: 1. ื‘ื—ืจ ืืช ื”ืœื—ื ืฉืœืš: ื™ืฉื ื ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืœื—ื ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื›ืจื™ืš ืฉืœืš ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืŸ, ื—ื™ื˜ื”, ืฉื™ืคื•ืŸ ืื• ืจื‘ ื“ื’ื ื™ื. ื‘ื—ืจ ืืช ื–ื” ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื•. 2. ืืกืคื• ืืช ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื: ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืžื” ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืจื™ืš ืฉืœื›ื. ื›ืžื” ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื‘ืฉืจ ืืจื•ื—ืช ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื (ื”ื•ื“ื•, ื‘ืฉืจ ื—ื–ื™ืจ, ืจื•ืกื˜ื‘ื™ืฃ), ื’ื‘ื™ื ื” (ืฆ'ื“ืจ, ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฆืจ, ืคืจื•ื‘ื•ืœื•ืŸ), ื™ืจืงื•ืช (ื—ืกื”, ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”, ืžืœืคืคื•ืŸ, ืื‘ื•ืงื“ื•) ื•ืžืžืจื—ื™ื (ืžื™ื•ื ื–, ื—ืจื“ืœ, ื—ื•ืžื•ืก). 3. ื”ื›ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื: ืฉื˜ืคื• ืืช ื”ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื•ืคื•ืจืกื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ื“ืงื•ืช. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืคืจื•ืก ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉืœืš ื•ืืช ื‘ืฉืจ ืืจื•ื—ืช ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš. 4. ืฆื•ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืœื—ื: ืื ืืชื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืœื—ื ืฉืœื›ื ืงืœื•ื™, ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ืกื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ืกื˜ืจ ื•ืฆื•ืœื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืจืžื” ื”ืจืฆื•ื™ื”. 5. ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ืจื™ืš: ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืจื™ื—ืช ื”ืžืžืจื— ืฉื‘ื—ืจืช ืขืœ ืคืจื•ืกื•ืช ืœื—ื ืื—ืช ืื• ืฉืชื™ื™ื. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื”ื•ืกืฃ ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ, ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื”ื™ืจืงื•ืช. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื’ื ืžืœื—, ืคืœืคืœ ืื• ื›ืœ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืœ ืื—ืจ ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื›ื. 6. ื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื ื•ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื: ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืจื›ื‘ืชื ืืช ื”ื›ืจื™ืš, ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืกื›ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ื ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืชื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื. ื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ืื•ืชื• ืžื™ื“ ืื• ืขื˜ืคื• ืื•ืชื• ืœืื›ื™ืœื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืชื”ื ื” ืžื”ื›ืจื™ืš ื”ื˜ืขื™ื ืฉืœืš!
ื”ื›ื™ื ื• ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืœืžื—ืจ ืœืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ
nan
ื”ื ื” ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืœืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ. **ืืจื•ื—ืช ื‘ื•ืงืจ:** ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ืฉื•ืขืœ ืœืœื™ืœื” - ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื: 1/3 ื›ื•ืก ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ืฉื•ืขืœ ืžื’ื•ืœื’ืœืช, 1/2 ื›ื•ืก ื—ืœื‘ ืฉืงื“ื™ื, 1/2 ื›ื•ืก ื™ื•ื’ื•ืจื˜ ื™ื•ื•ื ื™, 1/2 ื›ื•ืก ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืขืจ, ื•ื˜ืคื˜ื•ืฃ ื“ื‘ืฉ. - ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช: ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฆื ืฆื ืช ืื• ืงืขืจื” ืืช ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ืขืœ, ื—ืœื‘ ื”ืฉืงื“ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื•ื’ื•ืจื˜ ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™. ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ืœืื™ื—ื•ื“. ืœืžืขืœื” ืขื ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืขืจ ื•ื“ื‘ืฉ. ืžื›ืกื™ื ื•ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืœืžืงืจืจ ืœืœื™ืœื”. **ื—ื˜ื™ืฃ:** ื‘ื™ืฆื” ืงืฉื” - ื”ืžืฆืจื›ื™ื: 1 ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” - ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช: ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื‘ืกื™ืจ ื•ืžื›ืกื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืžื™ื ืงืจื™ื. ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ืœืจืชื™ื—ื” ืขืœ ืืฉ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืจืชื™ื—ื”, ืžืกื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื—ื‘ืช ืžื”ืืฉ, ืžื›ืกื™ื ื•ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืœ-12 ื“ืงื•ืช. ืœืื—ืจ 12 ื“ืงื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื” ืœืงืขืจืช ืžื™ ืงืจื— ืœื”ืชืงืจืจื•ืช. **ืืจื•ื—ืช ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื:** ืžื•ืงืคืฅ ืื•ืจื– ื—ื•ื ื•ื™ืจืงื•ืช - ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื: 1 ื›ื•ืก ืื•ืจื– ื—ื•ื ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœ, 1 ื›ื•ืก ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืงืคื•ืื™ื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื, 1 ื›ืฃ ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช ื•ืจื•ื˜ื‘ ืกื•ื™ื” ืœืคื™ ื”ื˜ืขื. - ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ: ืžื—ืžืžื™ื ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช ื‘ืžื—ื‘ืช ืขืœ ืืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช. ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืงืคื•ืื™ื ื•ืžื‘ืฉืœื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื”ื ืžืชืจื›ื›ื™ื, ื›-5 ื“ืงื•ืช. ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ืจื– ื”ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœ ืœืžื—ื‘ืช ื•ืžื‘ืฉืœื™ื ืขื•ื“ 2-3 ื“ืงื•ืช, ืชื•ืš ืขืจื‘ื•ื‘ ืชื›ื•ืฃ. ืžื–ืœืคื™ื ืจื•ื˜ื‘ ืกื•ื™ื” ื•ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื. **ื—ื˜ื™ืฃ:** ื‘ื ื ื” ืขื ื—ืžืืช ื‘ื•ื˜ื ื™ื - ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื: 1 ื‘ื ื ื” ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช ื•-1 ื›ืฃ ื—ืžืืช ื‘ื•ื˜ื ื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช - ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช: ืคื•ืจืกื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื ื” ื•ืžื•ืจื—ื™ื ืžืขืœ ื—ืžืืช ื‘ื•ื˜ื ื™ื. **ืืจื•ื—ืช ืขืจื‘:** ื™ืจื›ื™ ืขื•ืฃ ืืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืฆืœื•ื™ื™ื - ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื: 2 ื™ืจื›ื™ ืขื•ืฃ, 2 ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื (ืœืžืฉืœ ื’ื–ืจ, ื‘ืจื•ืงื•ืœื™, ื›ืจื•ื‘ื™ืช), 1 ื›ืฃ ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช, ืžืœื— ื•ืคืœืคืœ. - ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช: ืžื—ืžืžื™ื ืชื ื•ืจ ืœ-425 ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฆืœื–ื™ื•ืก (220 ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฆืœื–ื™ื•ืก). ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืืช ื™ืจื›ื™ ื”ืขื•ืฃ ื•ื”ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืขืœ ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ืืคื™ื™ื”. ืžื–ืœืคื™ื ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช ื•ืžืชื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืœื— ื•ืคืœืคืœ. ืื•ืคื™ื ื›-30 ื“ืงื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉื”ืขื•ืฃ ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœ ื•ื”ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืจื›ื™ื. **ืงื™ื ื•ื—:** ืกืœื˜ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ื™ื - ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื: 1 ื›ื•ืก ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื (ืœืžืฉืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืขืจ, ืชืคื•ื—, ื‘ื ื ื”) - ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช: ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ื•ืœื—ืชื•ืš ืืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืœื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช. ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ืงืขืจื” ื•ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื. ืชื”ื ื” ืžืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื•ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืœืžื—ืจ!
ื”ืื ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืžื›ื™ืœ ืื–ื›ื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื?
ืžืืžืจ: ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื ื”ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื–ืžื ื ื•, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื” ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืœืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืชื™ื•. ืžื”ืžืกืช ื”ืงืจื— ื”ืืจืงื˜ื™ ืœื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืžื–ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืžืฉื‘ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ืืกืคืงืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืžื™ื, ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืขืœ ืื•ืจื— ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
ืœื, ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืื™ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืœ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช. ื”ื•ื ืžืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืคื™ื•ื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
ืื™ืŸ ืงืœื˜
ื”ืขืœื™ื ื”ืžืชื ื“ื ื“ื™ื, ืฆืœื™ืœ ืกื•ืขืจ, ื›ืžื• ืœื—ื™ืฉื” ื‘ืจื•ื—, ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ืฉืœื•ื•ื”, ื›ืฉื”ื ืžืจืฉืจืฉื™ื ื•ืจื•ืงื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื–ืืช ืงืœื•ืช. ื™ืจื— ื‘ื•ื“ื“, ืžืชื’ืœื, ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ืœืžื˜ื” ืืœ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืœื ื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•, ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื›ืกื•ืฃ, ืืœื™ื˜ืจืฆื™ื” ื•ืืกื•ื ื ืก ืžืงืฉื˜ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืฆื’ื” ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื™ืช ื”ื–ื•. .
ืชืืจ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื•ืจืช LED.
nan
ื ื•ืจืช LED (ื“ื™ื•ื“ื” ืคื•ืœื˜ืช ืื•ืจ) ื”ื™ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืชืื•ืจืช ืžืฆื‘ ืžื•ืฆืง ื”ืžืคื™ืงื” ืื•ืจ ื ืจืื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื‘ื‘ ืžื•ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžื—ืฆื”. ื ื•ืจื•ืช LED ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช, ื’ื“ืœื™ื ื•ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžืฆื™ืขื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื“ื™ืœื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืชืื•ืจื” ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื™ื. ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื ื•ืจืช LED ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื: 1. ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื˜ื™ืช: ื ื•ืจื•ืช LED ื”ืŸ ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ืฆื•ืจื›ื•ืช ืขื“ 90% ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ืžืืฉืจ ื ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื™ื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื•ืช. ื–ื” ืžื‘ื™ื ืœื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื”-LED ืœืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืชืื•ืจื” ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ืช ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”. 2. ืชื•ื—ืœืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื”: ืœื ื•ืจื•ืช LED ื™ืฉ ืชื•ื—ืœืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื ืžืฉื›ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืขื“ 50,000 ืฉืขื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื–ื” ืืจื•ืš ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื™ื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืื• ืคืœื•ืจืกื ื˜ ืงื•ืžืคืงื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื•ืช ืžืขืžื“ ืจืง ื›-1,000 ืขื“ 10,000 ืฉืขื•ืช. 3. ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช: ื ื•ืจื•ืช LED ื‘ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืงืฉื™ื ื•ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืจืขื™ื“ื•ืช, ืคื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช. ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื ืœืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื•ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœืชื ืื™ื ืงืฉื™ื. 4. ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื—ื•ื ื ืžื•ื›ื”: ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื™ื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื•ืช, ื”ืžืคื™ืงื•ืช ื›ืžื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื, ื ื•ืจื•ืช LED ืคื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ื—ื•ื. ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื ืœื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื•ืœืžื’ืข, ื•ื–ื” ื’ื ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืฉืจื™ืคื•ืช. 5. ื”ื“ืœืงื” ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช: ื ื•ืจื•ืช LED ื ื“ืœืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืฉืžืชื—ื–ืงืช, ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื ื•ืจื•ืช ืคืœื•ืจืกื ื˜ ืงื•ืžืคืงื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืงื— ืœื”ืŸ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื—ืžื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืœื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืœืื”. 6. ืชืื•ืจื” ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช: ื ื•ืจื•ืช LED ื”ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืŸ ืคื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ืื•ืจ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื. ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื ืœืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชืื•ืจืช ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืื• ื›ื–ืจืงื•ืจื™ื. 7. ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฆื‘ืขื™ื: ื ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื“ ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืฆื‘ืขื™ื, ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืš ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืฆื‘ืข ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœืš. ื”ื ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืฆื‘ืข ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ืžืœื‘ืŸ ื—ื ื•ืขื“ ืœื‘ืŸ ืงืจื™ืจ, ื”ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืืคืงื˜ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืื•ืจื”. 8. ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืขืžืขื•ื: ื ื•ืจื•ืช LED ืจื‘ื•ืช ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœืขืžืขื•ื, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœืš. ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื ืœืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชืื•ืจืช ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ืื• ืžื‘ื˜ื. ืืœื• ื”ื ืจืง ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื•ืจืช LED ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืœืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืชืื•ืจื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื ื•ืจื•ืช LED ืžืฆื™ืขื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื˜ื™ืช ืœืœื ืชื—ืจื•ืช, ืื•ืจืš ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช, ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ืช ื•ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชืื•ืจื” ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื ื›ืื—ื“.
ื‘ื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช, ืฆื•ืจ ืžื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืœื‘ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ.
ื”ื•ื“ื•, ืžืงืกื™ืงื• ื•ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”
ืžื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืœื‘ืช ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื•ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื•ื“ื•, ืžืงืกื™ืงื• ื•ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื˜ืืงื• ื—ืจื™ืฃ ืขื•ืฃ ื˜ื™ืงื” ืขื ืคืจืžื–ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื ืืŸ. ืžืฆืจื›ื™ื: ืœืขื•ืฃ ื˜ื™ืงื”: - ืขื•ืฃ ืœืœื ืขืฆืžื•ืช, ื—ืชื•ืš ืœื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช - ื™ื•ื’ื•ืจื˜ - ืžืฉื—ืช ืฉื•ื ื’'ื™ื ื’'ืจ - ืื‘ืงืช ื›ื•ืจื›ื•ื - ืื‘ืงืช ืฆ'ื™ืœื™ ืื“ื•ื - ื’ืจืื ืžืกืืœื” - ืžืœื— ืœืคืจืžื–ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื ืืŸ - ืงืžื— - ืฉืžืจื™ื - ืกื•ื›ืจ - ืžืœื— - ืžื™ื ื—ืžื™ืžื™ื - ืฉื•ื ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ - ื’ื‘ื™ื ืช ืคืจืžื–'ืŸ ืžื’ื•ืจืจืช ืœืชื•ืกืคื•ืช - ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ืชื•ื›ื•ืช ืœืงื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช - ื‘ืฆืœ ืคืจื•ืก - ื’'ืœืคื ื™ื•ืก ืคืจื•ืก - ื›ื•ืกื‘ืจื” ืงืฆื•ืฆื” - ืคืœื—ื™ ืœื™ืžื•ืŸ - ืกืœืกื” ืฉื™ื˜ืช: 1. ืœื”ื›ื ืช ื”ืฆ'ื™ืงืŸ ื˜ื™ืงื”, ื”ื›ืจื™ืขื• ืืช ื ืชื—ื™ ื”ืขื•ืฃ ืขื ื™ื•ื’ื•ืจื˜, ืžืฉื—ืช ืฉื•ื ื’'ื™ื ื’'ืจ, ืื‘ืงืช ื›ื•ืจื›ื•ื, ืื‘ืงืช ืฆ'ื™ืœื™ ืื“ื•ื, ื’ืจืื ืžืกืืœื” ื•ืžืœื—. ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื–ื” ืœื”ืฉืจื•ืช ื›-30 ื“ืงื•ืช. 2. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื”, ืฆื•ืœื™ื ืื• ืื•ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฃ ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ื›ืŸ. 3. ืœื ืชืŸ ืฉื•ื ืคืจืžื–ืŸ ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ืงืžื—, ืฉืžืจื™ื, ืกื•ื›ืจ, ืžืœื—, ืžื™ื ื—ืžื™ืžื™ื, ืฉื•ื ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ื’ื‘ื™ื ืช ืคืจืžื–ืŸ ืžื’ื•ืจืจืช. ืœืœื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ื‘ืฆืง ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืคืš ื—ืœืง. 4. ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืง ืœืชืคื•ื— ื›ืฉืขื”. ืžื—ืœืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืฆืง ืœื›ื“ื•ืจื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ืžืจื“ื“ื™ื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืœืขื™ื’ื•ืœ ืฉื˜ื•ื—. 5. ืžื‘ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื ืืŸ ืขืœ ืžื—ื‘ืช ื—ืžื” ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœ ื•ืžืขื˜ ื—ืจื•ืš. 6. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื˜ืืงื•, ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆ'ื™ืงืŸ ื˜ื™ืงื” ืขืœ ื ืขืŸ ื”ืฉื•ื ืคืจืžื–ืŸ, ื•ืื– ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืฆืœ ืคืจื•ืก, ื’'ืœืคื ื™ื•ืก ืคืจื•ืก ื•ื›ื•ืกื‘ืจื” ืงืฆื•ืฆื”. 7. ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืขื ืคืœื—ื™ ืœื™ืžื•ืŸ ื•ืกืœืกื” ื‘ืฆื“. ื”ืžื ื” ื”ื–ื• ืžืฉืœื‘ืช ืืช ื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื”ื—ืจื™ืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื“ื•, ืขื ื”ื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’'ืœืคื ื™ื•ืก ื”ืžืงืกื™ืงื ื™, ื•ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื”ืฉื•ื ื”ืžืœื•ื—ื™ื ืžืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”, ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืคื™ื•ื–'ืŸ ื˜ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืก.
ื”ืฆืข ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื”ื.
ืื™ืŸ ืงืœื˜
1. ืื—ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ื—ืฉืžืœ ื•ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื™ื™ื. ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืืœื” ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžื“ื’ืžื™ื ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื™ื, ืชื•ืš ืฉื”ื ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื” ืจืžืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช. 2. ื“ืจืš ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืœื”ืจื’ืœื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœืš. ื›ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ื›ืฉืืชื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื—ื“ืจ, ื ืชืง ืืช ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืงื” ื›ืฉื”ื ืœื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื•ื”ืชืื ืืช ื”ืชืจืžื•ืกื˜ื˜ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื‘ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืžื•ื ื•ื”ืงื™ืจื•ืจ. 3. ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื ืงื™ื˜ืช ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืชื›ื ื•ืื™ื˜ื•ื ื ื–ื™ืœื•ืช ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ื ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื”. ื–ื” ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื” ืœื—ื™ืžื•ื ืื• ืงื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœืš, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื‘ืจื™ื—ืช ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ืžืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืคื ื™ืžื”.
ืกื•ื•ื’ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืœืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืกืžื ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืจืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”: "ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ ื”ืžื ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ืœื™ื"
nan
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื”: ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื”/ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื
ืกื•ื•ื’ื• ืืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื‘ืื” ื›ืœื ืืชื™ืช ืื• ืืชื™ืช.
ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืื•ืžืจ ืœืžื ื”ืœ ืฉืœื• ืฉื”ื ืขื•ื–ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืขืงื‘ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืืชื™ืช.
ื—ืœืงื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื ืชื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืœืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช.
ื—ืžืื”, ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื, ื’ื‘ื™ื ื”, ืžื™ืฅ ืชืคื•ื–ื™ื
ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื—ืœื‘: ื—ืžืื”, ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื, ื’ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืฉืงืื•ืช: ืžื™ืฅ ืชืคื•ื–ื™ื
ื‘ื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช, ื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื”.
(1, 2) (2, 3) (3, 2) (4, 5)
ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืกื™ืคืงืช (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 2) ื•-(4, 5) ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืฆื•ืจื” ืœื ืกื“ื™ืจื”, ื•ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืืœื• ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืขื ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื”ืื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืกืคืง ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืื• ื”ื‘ื”ืจื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื ื•ืฆืจืช, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืชืŸ ื“ื™ืื’ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจื”? ื–ื” ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ืง.
ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืœ ื”ืคืกื™ื‘ื™: "ื”ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ืจื“ืคื• ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื—ืชื•ืœ".
nan
ื”ื—ืชื•ืœ ื ืจื“ืฃ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ืœื‘ื™ื.
ื‘ื ื• ืžื•ื“ืœ GPT ื”ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื—ื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืกืคืจื™ื.
ื“ื•ื’ืžื”: 8 - 4
ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ 8 - 4 ื”ื™ื 4.
ื–ื”ื” ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืžืจื™ืงื”
nan
1. ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ 2. ืืจื’ื ื˜ื™ื ื” 3. ืฆ'ื™ืœื”
ืฆื•ืจ ืžื—ืœืงืช Java ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช.
nan
ื”ื ื” ืžื—ืœืงืช Java ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืขื ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช: ```java public class MyClass {//method 1: ืžื•ืกื™ืคื” ืฉื ื™ ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื public int add(int x, int y) { return x + y; } //ืฉื™ื˜ื” 2: ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ืฉื ื™ ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื public int subtract(int x, int y) { return x - y; } //method 3: ืžื—ืฉื‘ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื public double average(int x, int y) { return (x + y) / 2.0; } } ``` ืœืžื—ืœืงื” ื”ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช: `add()`, `subtract()` ื•-`average()` ื”ืžื‘ืฆืขื•ืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืืจื™ืชืžื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื. ืฉืชื™ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืจืš ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืœื ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื” ืขืจืš ื›ืคื•ืœ.
ื–ื”ื” ืืช ืกื•ื’ ื”ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ื–ื•: "ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ืœื ืงืฉื”, ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื”".
nan
ืกื•ื’ ื”ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ื”ืฆื”ืจื” "ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ืœื ืงืฉื”, ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื”" ื ืจืื” ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื›ืฉืœ ืฉืœ "ื”ื›ืœืœืช ื™ืชืจ". ื›ืฉืœ ื–ื” ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ืจื—ื‘ื” ื•ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืžื•ื‘ืืช ืขืœ ืกืžืš ืจืื™ื•ืช ืื• ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื ื™ื—ื” ืฉืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืœ ืœื›ื•ืœื, ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
ืฆื•ืจ ืคืชื’ื ืฉืชื•ืคืก ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ "ืชืกืชื›ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืชื” ืžื–ื ืง".
nan
"ืชื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืชื” ืคื•ืขืœ, ื›ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื™ืš ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ."
ื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื˜ืœืช ืงื•ื‘ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืขืœืช 6 ืฆื“ื“ื™ื.
nan
ืœืงื•ื‘ื™ื” ื‘ืขืœืช 6 ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื™ืฉ 6 ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช. ืœื›ืœ ืฆื“ ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง ืฉื ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ 1 ืœ-6, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืžื˜ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืงื•ื‘ื™ื”, ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืงืจืื™. ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื˜ืœื” ื‘ื•ื“ื“ืช ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืขืœืช 6 ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ื•ื 6.
ืฉื ื–ืŸ ืฉืœ ื–ื•ื—ืœ.
nan
ื–ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื–ื•ื—ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืื™ื’ื•ืื ื” ื”ื™ืจื•ืงื” (ืื™ื’ื•ืื ื” ืื™ื’ื•ืื ื”).
ืขืฆื‘ ืžืžืฉืง ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ืœื“ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืืจื”"ื‘
nan
ื‘ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœืžืžืฉืง ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช! ื›ืืŸ ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื”ื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื•ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื ื™ื. ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืชื—ื™ืœ! ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืžืคืช ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. ื”ืื ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช? ื™ืฉ 50 ื›ืืœื”! ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื ืกื” ืžืฉื—ืง. ืื ื™ ืืจืื” ืœืš ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื•ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื ื—ืฉ ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ. ืžื•ึผื›ึธืŸ? ื”ื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ: [ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืชืืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš] ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื”ื•? ื”ืงืœื“ ืืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชืš ืœืžื˜ื”. [ืฉื“ื” ืงืœื˜ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืœื”ืงืœื™ื“ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”] ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื ื”ื“ืจืช! ื ื™ื—ืฉืชื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืืช [ื”ืฉื ืฉื]! ื‘ื•ื ื ื ืกื” ืขื•ื“ ืื—ื“. [ืžืชืืจ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื‘ื ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš] ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื—ืง ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ื–ื” ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืœืžื“ ื›ืžื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืžื”ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช. ื”ืื ื™ื“ืขืช ืฉ[ืฉื ืžื“ื™ื ื”] ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘[ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืžื”ื ื” ืขืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื”]? ื•[ืฉื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”] ืžืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช [ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืžื”ื ื” ืขืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื”]. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื’ื ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืžื–ืจื—, ื”ืžืขืจื‘, ื”ื“ืจื•ื ื•ื”ืžืขืจื‘ ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ. ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื” ืื–ื•ืจ ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขื•ื“? [ืœื—ืฆื ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืื–ื•ืจ ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ] ื‘ืžืžืฉืง ื–ื”, ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืืจื”"ื‘. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื—ืง ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื, ืœืงืจื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืžื”ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ื•ืชื”ื ื” ืœืœืžื•ื“!
ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ืžื–ื•ืŸ?
nan
ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื›ืžื” ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ืœื”ืœืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช: 1. ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืœืื™: ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ, ืœื™ื™ืขืœ ืืช ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืžืœืื™ ื•ืœื”ืชืจื™ืข ื‘ืคื ื™ ืกืคืงื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืชืืจื™ื›ื™ ื”ืชืคื•ื’ื” ืฉืœื”ื. ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืงืžืขื•ื ืื™ื ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืœืื™ ืฉืœื ื ืžื›ืจ ืื• ืฉืคื’ ืชื•ืงืคื•, ื•ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ. 2. ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืืกืคืงื”: ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื™ื™ืขืœ ืืช ืฉืจืฉืจืื•ืช ื”ืืกืคืงื”, ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ืฆืจื ื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืงืžืขื•ื ืื™ื ืœืžื–ืขืจ ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื•ืงื— ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืžื”ื—ื•ื•ื” ืœื—ื ื•ืช. ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืžื–ื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืืœื ื’ื ืžืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื™ืื‘ื“ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืงืœืงื•ืœ. 3. ืืจื™ื–ื” ื—ื›ืžื”: ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืฉืœ ืืจื™ื–ื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื•ืช. ื—ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืžืžื•ืงืžื™ื ืขืœ ืืจื™ื–ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ื˜ืจ ืืช ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช, ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืกืคืงื™ื ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ืชื ืื™ ื”ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ื•ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ื”ื•ื‘ืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืงืœืงื•ืœ. 4. ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืชืื ืื™ืฉื™ืช: ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื’ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืฉืงื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืชืืžื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ ื•ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืงื ื™ื™ืช ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืœืš ืœืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืืช ื”ืžืจื‘ ืžืฉืืจื™ื•ืช. 5. ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืคืกื•ืœืช ืžื•ืฉื›ืœ: ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื’ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืขืœ ืืช ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืคืกื•ืœืช ื•ืœืกื™ืœื•ืงืŸ, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืช ืœืคืกื•ืœืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœืžื–ื‘ืœื•ืช. ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ, ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ืจื‘ ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกื™ื•ืข ืœืขืกืงื™ื ืœื™ื™ืขืœ ืืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ื•ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื.
ืชืืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ืงืฉื‘.
nan
ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืงืฉื‘ ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืขืฆื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืžื•ื“ืœ ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงืœื˜ ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ื•. ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืงืฉื‘ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื•ื“ืœ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคื™ืกื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ืœ ื”ืงืœื˜ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื”. ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ืงืฉื‘ ืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ืกืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืกืฆื ื” ืื• ืžื™ื“ืข ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืขืœืžื•ืช ืžืื—ืจื™ื. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ืงืฉื‘ ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืขืฆื‘ื™ื™ื, ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืฉื•ืืคื™ื ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื•ืœืขื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ืงืฉื‘ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืจืฆืฃ ืœืจืฆืฃ ื‘ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืคื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช (NLP), ื›ืžื• ืชืจื’ื•ื ืžื›ื•ื ื”. ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืืœื”, ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจืช ืžืงื•ื“ื“-ืžืคืขื ื—, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืงื•ื“ื“ ืžืขื‘ื“ ืืช ืจืฆืฃ ื”ืงืœื˜ ื•ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืื•ืจืš ืงื‘ื•ืข ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืงืœื˜. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ืžืคืขื ื— ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืืช ืจืฆืฃ ื”ืคืœื˜ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืฉืœื‘ ืคืœื˜ ื‘ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ื”ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื–ื”. ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืงืฉื‘ ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ื ืžื™ ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจืฆืฃ ื”ืงืœื˜ ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืคืขื ื•ื—, ืžื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื•ื“ืœ ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืฉืœื‘ ื‘ืคืœื˜. ืžืื–, ื”ืคื›ื• ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ื”ืงืฉื‘ ืœืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื”ื™ื•ืฉืžื• ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ ืชืžื•ื ื”, ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืœืžื™ื“ืช ื—ื™ื–ื•ืงื™ื. ื”ื ื”ื•ื›ื—ื• ื›ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืขืฆื‘ื™ื™ื, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช.
ื—ืœืงื• ืืช ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื‘ื ื‘-26
732
ื”ืžื ื” ื›ืืฉืจ 732 ืžื—ื•ืœืง ื‘-26 ื”ื™ื 28 ืขื ื”ื™ืชืจื” ืฉืœ 4.
ืฆื•ืจ ืžืฉืคื˜ ืขื 4 ืฉืžื•ืช ืชื•ืืจ.
nan
ื”ื—ืชืœืชื•ืœ ื”ืงื˜ื ื˜ืŸ, ื”ืจืš ื•ื”ืžืงืกื™ื ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืฉืงื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืžื™ื›ื” ื”ืจื›ื”, ื”ื—ืžื” ื•ื”ื ืขื™ืžื”.
ื‘ื ื” ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืชื™.
ืืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื ืžืจื™ื
ืืจื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื˜ื™ื’ืจื™ืกื™ื.
ืชืืจ ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ื ืชื•ื ื”.
[ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื–ื™ืงื•ืงื™ื]
ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืžื•ืคืข ืฉืœ ื–ื™ืงื•ืงื™ื ืžืชืคื•ืฆืฆื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื™ ื”ืœื™ืœื”. ื”ื–ื™ืงื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืจื™ื, ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ืฆืจื• ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื. ื”ื ืžืื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืœื™ื›ื™ื ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื—ื ืขืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉืžืกื‘ื™ื‘. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ืื•ืจ ืžื”ืคื™ืฆื•ืฆื™ื ืงื•ืจื ื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืฅ, ื•ืžืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืœื–ื™ืงื•ืงื™ื ืžืจืื” ื“ืžื•ื™ ืคืจืฅ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื. ื”ืกืฆื ื” ืžืœืื” ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื–ื™ืงื•ืงื™ื ืžืื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืขื ื”ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื”ืชื•ืกืกื™ื ื•ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
ื—ื‘ืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ื›ืจ ืฉื—ื™ ื‘ื›ืคืจ ื›ืคืจื™.
nan
ื‘ื›ืคืจ ื›ืคืจื™ ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื’ื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ืจื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืชื’ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื›ืคืจื™, ื’ืจ ืื™ื›ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื’'ื•ืŸ. ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืชื• ื—ืœืงืช ืื“ืžื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ืงืฆื” ื”ื›ืคืจ ื‘ื” ื’ื™ื“ืœ ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื•ื˜ื™ืคืœ ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื•. ื’'ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืื“ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื”ื•ืงื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื” ืฉืœื•. ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืขื ื’ ืขืœ ื”ืจื™ื— ื”ื˜ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ืžื” ื•ืžืงื•ืœ ืฆื™ื•ืฅ ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช. ื™ืžื™ื• ืฉืœ ื’'ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืžืœืื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืงืฉื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ืชืœื•ื ืŸ. ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืขื ื”ืฉืžืฉ, ืœื‘ืฉ ืืช ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื• ื•ื™ืฆื ืœืฉื“ื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ื˜ื™ืคืœ ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื•, ื”ืื›ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื•ื“ืื’ ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ื›ืคืจ ื”ืขืจื™ืฆื• ืืช ื’'ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื•ืกืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืœืื” ืฉืœื• ื•ืื•ืคื™ื• ื”ืื“ื™ื‘. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉืงื™ืข, ื’'ื•ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ืคื™ื ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืœืžืฉืคื—ืชื•. ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ืื™ืฉื” ื•ืฉื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื• ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืจื‘, ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ืขื™ื™ืฃ ืืš ืžืจื•ืฆื”, ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืฉื‘ืช ืœืืจื•ื—ืช ืขืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื”ื. ื’'ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ ื•ืื”ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืคืจ. ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื™ืฉืจ, ื”ื•ื’ืŸ ื•ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื•ืฉื™ื˜ ื™ื“. ื›ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืขื•ื ืช ื”ืงืฆื™ืจ, ื’'ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ืœืง ืืช ื”ืฉืคืข ืฉืœื• ืขื ืฉื›ื ื™ื•, ื•ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืฆื™ืคื” ืœืชืžื•ืจื”. ืฉื ื” ืื—ืช ื ืคื’ืข ื”ื›ืคืจ ื‘ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืื™ื•ืžื”. ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืœื™ื ืงืžืœื•, ื”ื‘ืืจื•ืช ื”ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉื• ื•ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ื›ืคืจ ื ืื‘ืงื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืจื•ื“. ื’'ื•ืŸ, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืื™ื‘ื“ ืชืงื•ื•ื”. ื”ื•ื ืจื™ื›ื– ืืช ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ื›ืคืจ ื•ื™ื—ื“, ื”ื ืคืขืœื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืงื•ืช ืืช ืฉื“ื•ืชื™ื”ื. ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ืชื• ืฉืœ ื’'ื•ืŸ ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื”ื›ืคืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช, ื•ื›ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื ื—ื’ื’ื• ื‘ืžืฉืชื” ืขื ืงื™ืช ื‘ื›ื™ื›ืจ ื”ื›ืคืจ. ืžื•ืจืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ื’'ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ืคื˜ืจ. ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ื›ืคืจ ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืฉื›ื—ื• ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™ืžื“ ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ื”ืชืžื“ื”, ื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”. ื”ื ืกื™ืคืจื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื, ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืœื‘ ื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื.
ืกื•ื•ื’ื• ืืช ืงื• ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืืจื‘ืขื”.
ืงืจืžื™ ืคื ื™ื, ืงืจืžื™ ืœื™ืœื”, ื˜ื•ื ืจ ืคื ื™ื, ื—ื˜ื™ืคื™ ื™ื•ืคื™
ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืกื•ื•ื’ ืืช ืงื• ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืืจื‘ืข ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื‘ื: 1. ืงืจืžื™ ืœื—ื•ืช โ€“ ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ื–ื• ืชื›ืœื•ืœ ืงืจืžื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื. 2. ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ืœื™ืœื” - ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ื–ื• ืชื›ืœื•ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ืงืจืžื™ ื”ืœื™ืœื”. 3. ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื ื™ืงื•ื™ โ€“ ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ื–ื• ืชื›ืœื•ืœ ื—ื˜ื™ืคื™ ื™ื•ืคื™. 4. ื˜ื•ื ืจื™ื โ€“ ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ื–ื• ืชื›ืœื•ืœ ื˜ื•ื ืจื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื.
ื”ื—ืœ ืืช ื”ืงืกื ืฉืœ ื ื•ืกื—ืช 8 ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ.
ืžืกืคืจ=34
ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ืœืช ื ื•ืกื—ืช "ืงืกื ืฉืœ 8" ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืคืจ 34, ื ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื‘ื: 34 x 8 = 272. ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื ื•ืกื—ืช ื”ืงืกื ืฉืœ 8 ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืคืจ 34 ื”ื™ื 272.
ืžื” ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืœืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืœื ืžืคื•ืงื—?
nan
ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืžืคื•ืงื—ืช ื•ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืœื ืžืคื•ืงื—ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืœืžื™ื“ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื ื‘ื“ืœื•ืช ื‘ื›ืžื” ืื•ืคื ื™ื. ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืžืคื•ืงื—ื™ื ืžืื•ืžื ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื, ืื• ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืคืœื˜ื™ื ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื. ื”ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ืœื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฆืžื“ื™ ืงืœื˜-ืคืœื˜ ื•ืžืฆื™ืืช ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื ืจืื™ื. ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืžืคื•ืงื—ืช ืžืฉืžืฉืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ ื•ืจื’ืจืกื™ื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืงืฆื•ืช ืชื•ื•ื™ืช ืœื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ืขืจืš ืžืชืžืฉืš. ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ืœืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืœืœื ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืื™ืŸ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœืœื ืชื•ื•ื™ืช. ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ื ืืœื• ืฉื•ืืคื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื”ื ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœืฆื‘ื™ืจืช ืžืงื‘ืฆื™ื, ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืžื™ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืœืžื™ื“ืช ื›ืœืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื•ืš. ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœ ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืœื ืžืคื•ืงื—ืช ื”ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืžื‘ื ื” ื ืกืชืจ ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื ืงืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืžืคื•ืงื—ื™ื ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืคื•ืงื—ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืื• ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื. ื”ื ื’ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื˜ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื - ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืžืคื•ืงื—ืช ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื‘ืฆืข ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื™ื ืขืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืคื•ืงื—ืช ืžื ืกื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžื‘ื ื” ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื. ืœืฉืชื™ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื•ื”ืŸ ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื.
ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืžื™ืœืช ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืœืžื˜ื”, ืฆื•ืจ ืžืฉืคื˜ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื”ืžืžื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื’ื“ืจืชื”
ื–ึดื™ืงึธื”
ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขืžื•ืงื”, ืฉืจื” ื•ื’'ื•ืŸ ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืจื‘ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช, ืฉืืคืฉืจื” ืœื”ื ืœืชืงืฉืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™.
ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืขื ืคื™ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื›ื“ื•ืจ
nan
ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืขื ืคื™ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื: 1. ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ - ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืชื™ ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ืฉื•ืืคื™ื ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ื›ื“ื•ืจ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืฉืขืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ื™ืจื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ืœ ื—ืœืง ื‘ื’ื•ืคื ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื. 2. ื›ื“ื•ืจืกืœ - ืžืฉื—ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ื›ืœ ืื—ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืœื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื“ืจืš ื—ื™ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžื•ืชืงืŸ ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ 10 ืจื’ืœ. 3. ื˜ื ื™ืก - ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืžื—ื‘ื˜ ืฉืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืฉื ื™ ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื (ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื) ืื• ืืจื‘ืขื” ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื (ื“ืื‘ืœ), ืขืœ ืžื’ืจืฉ ืžืœื‘ื ื™, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื•ืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ืงืœ ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื•ืื—ื•ืจื” ืžืขืœ ืจืฉืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื—ื‘ื˜.
ืฆื•ืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœืฆื‘ืข ื”ืฆื”ื•ื‘.
nan
1. ืฉืžืฉ 2. ืœื™ืžื•ืŸ 3. ื“ื™ื™ื–ื™ 4. ื—ืจื“ืœ 5. ื–ื”ื‘ 6. ืงื ืจื™ืช 7. ืชื™ืจืก 8. ื—ืžืื” 9. ื“ื‘ืฉ 10. ืื ื ืก 11. ื—ืžื ื™ื•ืช 12. ื‘ื ื ื•ืช 13. ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ 14. ืขื ื‘ืจ 15. ื—ืœืžื•ืŸ 16. ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ 17 ื–ืขืคืจืŸ 18. ืžื•ื ื™ืช 19. ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื™ื ื™ืช 20. ืฆ'ื“ืจ
ื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ื”ื”ืคืจืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ 8 ืœ-9.
nan
ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ 8 ืœ-9 ื”ื•ื 1.
ืงืฉืจื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื™ื›ื™ืจื• ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื•: ืงื•ืฃ, ืคื™ืœ, ื’'ื™ืจืคื”.
nan
ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื. ืื—ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžืฉืœื‘ ืืช ืฉืœื•ืฉืชื: "ื”ืงื•ืฃ ื˜ื™ืคืก ืขืœ ื”ืคื™ืœ ื›ืฉืฉื ื™ื”ื ืฆืคื• ื‘ื’'ื™ืจืคื” ืื•ื›ืœืช ืขืœื™ื ืžื”ืขืฅ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”". ื”ืื ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืžื—ืคืฉ ืื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืงื•ืฉืจื•ืช?
ื ืกื— ืžืฉืคื˜ ืžืงื•ืจื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช: "ืฉื•ืžืจ ืกืฃ", "ื”ืคืฆื”"
nan
"ืฉื•ืžืจ ื”ืกืฃ ืื—ืจืื™ ืขืœ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ".
ืชืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื™ืกื•ื“ ื›ื™ืžื™ ืขื ืžืกืคืจ ืื˜ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ 12.
nan
ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื™ืกื•ื“ ื›ื™ืžื™ ืขื ืžืกืคืจ ืื˜ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ 12 ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื. ื”ืกืžืœ ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื Mg ื•ื–ื• ืžืชื›ืช ืื“ืžื” ืืœืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื™ืจื”, ื›ืกื•ืคื”-ืœื‘ื ื” ื•ืžื‘ืจื™ืงื”.
ื ืชื— ืืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ื•ื’ืœื” ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™.
ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื’ืจืžื• ืœืื™ื ืกืคื•ืจ ืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ื‘ืžื™ืฉืจื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืงื™ืคื™ืŸ. ื™ืฉื ื ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ืžื’ืžื” ื”ื–ื• ืœื ืชื™ืžืฉืš.
ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืื—ืจืื™ื ืœื”ื›ื—ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืžืฉืš ื›ืš.
ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ื–ื”.
"ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืžื—ืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืกืคืงื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื".
ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคืจื™ืข ืื• ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ื•ื ื”ืกืคืง ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื”. ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืœืš ื”ืจื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื” ืืคืฉืจื™. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืกืคืงื•ืช ืืœื• ื”ื™ื•ื, ืื ื• ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืœืฆืžื™ื—ื”, ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื•ื”ื’ืฉืžื” ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.
ืฆื•ืจ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื‘ื“ื™ื—ื” ืžืฆื—ื™ืงื”.
nan
ื”ื ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื” ืžืฆื—ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื“ืคื•ืง-ื“ืคื•ืง ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœืš: ื ื•ืง, ื ื•ืง! ืžื™ ืฉื? ื‘ื•. ื‘ื• ืžื™? ืืœ ืชื‘ื›ื”, ื–ื• ืจืง ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื”.
ืฆื•ืจ ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืชื’ืœื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”
nan
"ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื“ืจืš ืžื”ืคื›ื ื™ืช: ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืคื•ืจืฅ ื“ืจืš ื™ืฉื ื” ืืช ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžื“ืข!"
ืขืจื›ื• ืžืชื•ื•ื” ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื‘ื.
ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื’ื•ื–ืœืช ืืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
I. ืžื‘ื•ื ื. ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืœื ื•ืฉื ื‘. ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืงืฆืจ ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ II. ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื“ ื”ืืžื™ืจื” "ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžื•ืจื™ื“ื” ืืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•" ื. ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœืคืจืฆื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ื“ืœื™ืคื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘. ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืื•ืกืคืช ื•ืžืื—ืกื ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืื™ืฉื™ ื’. ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืขืงื‘ ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื III. ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื”ื”ืฆื”ืจื” "ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœื•ืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•" ื. ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกื›ืžืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘. ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ืฆืคื ื” ื•ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื’. ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื™ื ืžืกืžื™ื›ื” ืืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœื”ื IV. ื”ืคืจื›ื” ื. ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืฆื’ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื‘. ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ืคื’ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ื ื’. ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช V. ืžืกืงื ื” ื. ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืคืชื— ื‘. ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื’. ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื“ื™ื•ืŸ.
ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื’ืจื ืžืขื™ืฉื•ืŸ.
nan
ื‘ื˜ื•ื—! ืœื”ืœืŸ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืฉืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื’ืจื ืžืขื™ืฉื•ืŸ: 1. ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืจื™ืื•ืช 2. ืžื—ืœืช ืจื™ืื•ืช ื—ืกื™ืžืชื™ืช ื›ืจื•ื ื™ืช (COPD) 3. ืžื—ืœืช ืœื‘ 4. ืฉื‘ืฅ ืžื•ื—ื™ 5. ืืžืคื™ื–ืžื” 6. ื˜ืจืฉืช ืขื•ืจืงื™ื 7. ืžื—ืœืช ืขื•ืจืงื™ื ื”ื™ืงืคื™ืช 8. ื•ืฉื˜ ืกืจื˜ืŸ 9. ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ื’ืจื•ืŸ 10. ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืคื” 11. ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืฉืœืคื•ื—ื™ืช ื”ืฉืชืŸ 12. ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืœื‘ืœื‘ 13. ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื›ืœื™ื•ืช 14. ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืงื™ื‘ื” 15. ืกื•ื›ืจืช ืžืกื•ื’ 2 16. ื“ืœืงืช ืžืคืจืงื™ื ืฉื’ืจื•ื ื™ืช 17. ืื™ ืคื•ืจื™ื•ืช 18. ื‘ืจื•ื ื›ื™ื˜ื™ืก ื›ืจื•ื ื™ืช 19. ืงื˜ืจืงื˜ 20 ืœื—ื ื™ื›ื™ื™ื. ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืขื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื’ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ืช, ืžื” ืฉืžืงืฉื” ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืœื”ื“ื•ืฃ ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืžื—ืœื•ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืขื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช.
ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ืฉืฉ ืฆืœืขื•ืช
nan
1. ืžืฉื•ืฉื” 2. ืžืฉื•ืฉื” ื”ื˜ื™ื” 3. ืžืฉื•ืฉื” ืงืขื•ืจ
ืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืžืกืžืš ื”ื‘ื ืœืคื™ ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืงืจื™ืื•ืช.
ื”ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ืžืœื ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื
ื”ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ืžื›ื™ืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื.
ื—ื–ื” ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื ื™ื—ื“.
CaCO3 + 2HCl
ื›ืืฉืจ ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืคื—ืžืชื™ (CaCO3) ืžื’ื™ื‘ ืขื ื—ื•ืžืฆื” ื”ื™ื“ืจื•ื›ืœื•ืจื™ืช (2 HCl), ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžื™ื™ืฆืจืช ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื›ืœื•ืจื™ (CaCl2), ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื• ื—ืžืฆื ื™ (CO2) ื•ืžื™ื (H2O). ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ืื” ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ื”ืžืื•ื–ื ืช ืœืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื: CaCO3 + 2 HCl โ†’ CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื–ื•, ื”ื—ื•ืžืฆื” ื”ื™ื“ืจื•ื›ืœื•ืจื™ืช ืžื’ื™ื‘ื” ืขื ื”ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืคื—ืžืชื™, ืžืฉื—ืจืจืช ื’ื– ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื• ื—ืžืฆื ื™ ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื›ืœื•ืจื™ ื•ืžื™ื.
ืกื•ื•ื’ื• ืืช ื”ืคืจื— ื”ื–ื” ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื•.
ื•ืจื“
ื”ืคืจื— ืฉืืชื” ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืœื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื•ืจื“. ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืกื•ื’ ืจื•ื–ื”, ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื Rosaceae. ื™ืฉื ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-300 ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื•ืจื“ื™ื, ื•ื”ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฆื‘ืขื™ื, ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื’ื“ืœื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื”ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื™ื•ืคื™, ื”ื ื™ื—ื•ื— ื•ื”ืกืžืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื. ื•ืจื“ ืžืชืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืคืจื—ื™ื• ื”ืจืื•ื•ืชื ื™ื, ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืจื™ื—ื ื™ื™ื, ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขืœื™ ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืžืกื•ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ืขื’ื•ืœื”, ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืงื•ืฆื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื’ื‘ืขื•ืœื™ื. ื”ืคืจื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืจื“ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืื• ื›ืคื•ืœื™ื, ื•ื’ื•ื“ืœื ื ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ื™ืื˜ื•ืจื™ ืœืคืจื—ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื˜ืจ ืฉืœ ืขื“ 7 ืื™ื ืฅ'. ื•ืจื“ื™ื ื”ื ืฆืžื—ื™ ื ื•ื™ ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื’ื ื™ื ื•ื’ื ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืคืจื—ื™ื ื—ืชื•ื›ื™ื ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื.
ื ืกื— ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื‘ื ื•ื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืชืžืฆื™ืชื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืœืฅ ืื™ื ืกืคื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ื ื™.
ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื’ืจืžื” ืœืขื•ื ื™ ื ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ.
ื‘ืฆืข ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ AI ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘.
nan
ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘, AI ื›ื ืจืื” ืชืžืœื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื, ื•ืชืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื ื•ื ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืœืžื™ื“ืข. ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื•ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ื™ืฉืชืœื‘ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขืกืงื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื”, ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื•ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช, ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืขืœื•ืช-ืชื•ืขืœืช. ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืขื ืื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืžื•ืชืืžื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื. ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื”ืžื•ื ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ AI ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื• ื ืขื™ื, ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื•ื ื•ื—ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™ื™ื ื•ืฆ'ืื˜ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืคืขืœื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ื•ื™ืฉืžืฉื• ืœืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื›ืžื• ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืคื™ื ื ืกื™, ืงื ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืจ. ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ, ืœื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื•ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ืืชื™ื™ื ื•ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืงื•ืช ืื—ืจืื™ื•ืช.
ื‘ื ื” ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžืœื‘ืŸ.
nan
ื‘ื˜ื—, ื”ื ื” ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื‘-Python ืฉืžื—ืฉื‘ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ืžืœื‘ืŸ ื‘ื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืจืš ื•ื”ืจื•ื—ื‘. ``` Python def rectangle_area(length, width): # ืœื•ืงื— ืฉื ื™ ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜ื™ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื™ื ื›ืื•ืจืš ื•ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื•ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžืœื‘ืŸ = ืื•ืจืš * ืจื•ื—ื‘ ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ``` ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื™ืช rectangle_area ื–ื• ืœื•ืงื—ืช ืฉื ื™ ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜ื™ื, `length` ื•- 'ืจื•ื—ื‘' ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืžื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืœื‘ืŸ. ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ืคืœืช ื”ืื•ืจืš ื‘ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื•ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ืžืชืงื‘ืœ. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ื–ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ืžืœื‘ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื–ื ืช ื”ืžืžื“ื™ื ื›ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืขืช ืงืจื™ืื” ืœืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื”.
ื”ืกืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื: [ื˜ื•ืงื™ื•] ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืจืช ื™ืคืŸ.
nan
ื˜ื•ืงื™ื• ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืจืช ื™ืคืŸ.
ืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืชืžืฉืš ืœืจืฆื™ืฃ ืขื‘ืจ: "ืื ื™ ืœื•ืžื“ ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื™".
nan
"ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืœืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืฉืœื™."
ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจ.
ื”ื™ื ืื›ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™.
ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™, ื”ื™ื ืื›ืœื”.
ืฆื•ืจ ืชืคืจื™ื˜ ืœืืจื•ื—ืช ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื”
nan
ื‘ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœืชืคืจื™ื˜ ืืจื•ื—ืช ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื”! ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœืืจื•ื—ืช ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื: 1. ืขื•ืฃ ื‘ื’ืจื™ืœ ืขื ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ืžื•ืก - ืžืขื˜ืคืช ืžื—ื™ื˜ื” ืžืœืื” ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ืขื•ืฃ ื‘ื’ืจื™ืœ, ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืฆืœื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืžืžืจื— ื—ื•ืžื•ืก 2. ืงืขืจืช ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื” - ืื•ืจื– ื—ื•ื, ื—ื•ืžื•ืก ืฆืœื•ื™, ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื, ืื‘ื•ืงื“ื•, ื• ืจื•ื˜ื‘ ื˜ื—ื™ื ื” 3. ืกืœื˜ ืงื™ื ื•ืื” ืฆืžื—ื•ื ื™ - ืงื™ื ื•ืื”, ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื, ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื™, ืžืœืคืคื•ื ื™ื ื•ื’ื‘ื™ื ืช ืคื˜ื” ืขื ื•ื™ื ื™ื’ืจื˜ ืœื™ืžื•ืŸ 4. ื›ื™ืก ืคื™ืชื” ื”ื•ื“ื• ื•ื’ื‘ื™ื ื” - ืคื™ืชื” ืžืงืžื— ืžืœื ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ืžืขื“ื ื™ื” ื”ื•ื“ื•, ื’ื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฆืจื™ืช, ื—ืกื” ื•ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืขื ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืช 5. ืกืœื˜ ืืจื•ื– ื‘ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื - ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื, ืขื•ืฃ ื‘ื’ืจื™ืœ, ื‘ื™ืฆื” ืงืฉื”, ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื™ ื•ืฉืงื“ื™ื ืคืจื•ืกื™ื ืขื ืจื•ื˜ื‘ ื‘ืœืกืžื™ ืชื”ื ื• ืžืืจื•ื—ืช ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื”!
ืกื›ืžื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืœืžื˜ื”.
ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ืขืœืชื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืœื’ืฉื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ืื– ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืœืงื—ืช ืื™ืชื ื• ืžื˜ืจื™ื”.
ืœืงื—ื ื• ืžื˜ืจื™ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืœื’ืฉื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข.
ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืฉื ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ืžืื” ื”-21.
nan
1. ื”ืกืžืืจื˜ืคื•ืŸ - ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื–ื” ื—ื•ืœืœ ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื• ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื ื•ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืœืžื™ื“ืข, ืขื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืœื‘ืฆืข ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช, ืœืฉืœื•ื— ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื•ืœื’ืฉืช ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื. 2. ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื ืŸ - ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื• ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืื—ืกื•ืŸ, ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื•ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžืจื•ื—ืงื™ื, ื•ืœื ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืื• ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื, ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. 3. ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช (AI) โ€“ ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื‘-AI ื•ืœืžื™ื“ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื•ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืžืฉื•ื›ืœืœื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™ื™ื, ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื•ื›ืœื™ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื•ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื.