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31,459,967 | == External links modified ==
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15,357,698 | Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. A link to the edit I have reverted can be found here: link. If you believe this edit should not have been reverted, please contact me. Corpx (talk) | 186,030,506 | 2008-01-22T02:55:53 | 76.238.156.133 | 2,019 |
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31,459,969 | == External links modified ==
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15,357,699 | == January 2008 ==
Welcome, and thank you for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and it has been reverted or removed. Please take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. If you would like to experiment further, please use the sandbox. -- Why Not A Duck | 186,030,529 | 2008-01-22T02:56:00 | 71.199.176.100 | 2,019 |
15,357,700 | == January 2008 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. ÐeadΣyeДrrow (Talk | Contribs) | 186,030,530 | 2008-01-22T02:56:00 | 67.87.241.171 | 2,019 |
31,459,973 | Swatara is an unincorporated community in Derry Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, near Hershey in the Harrisburg-Carlisle Metropolitan Statistical Area. Its elevation is .
== External links ==
Swatara Profile
Harrisburg metropolitan area
Unincorporated communities in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania
Unincorporated communities in Pennsylvania | 737,663,029 | 2016-09-04T08:15:56 | Swatara, Derry Township, Pennsylvania | 2,019 |
31,459,974 | == April 2011 ==
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The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Variable was changed by 173.64.105.195 (u) (t) ANN scored at 1 on 2011-04-10T22:26:22+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk) | 423,411,658 | 2011-04-10T22:26:25 | 173.64.105.195 | 2,019 |
31,459,975 | == April 2011 ==
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43,369,321 | == SAS81, Chopra Foundation, question ==
Hello everyone, SAS81 again. I'm here to inquire the best way to approach this. Also, hoping I got the formatting for this COIN correct. I have a lot of content on the Chopra Foundation, a nonprofit co-founded by Deepak Chopra and an organization that comes up in nearly every article on Dr Chopra. It seems like the foundation is more than significant and established enough to warrant its own article. I have all the research, sources, and content needed to make a respectable starter article here in my sandbox.
What I'm not sure I have is the ethical ability to do so. If I wear my Wikipedia editor hat, I think it should go up. However wearing my ISHAR hat and our financial relationship since Chopra Foundation has funded us to a degree makes me question this. Therefore I am reaching out for advice and help. I do think this article belongs on Wikipedia, but since I'm not going to post it someone else would need to. I'd appreciate any Good Samaritan who wanted to take a look at what I put together in my sandbox, then see if they approved and wanted to post it themselves, obviously with whatever modifications, additions, or subtractions they felt necessary. My understanding of COI rules allows unenforced suggestions of content, if anyone has any evidence showing otherwise please alert me. I'm not intending to violate any COI policy.
Like I said, I feel like it's a good article, as good as many on Wikipedia, but I don't feel comfortable posting it myself. If anyone else does feel comfortable, I hope you'll take a look at what's put together here and judge for yourself whether it belongs on Wikipedia. SAS81 (talk)
Your draft is built on self-published primary sources, and reads like a promotional piece. Unless the topic meets GNG it is not suitable for a WP article (and even it it were, your COI would make you unsuitable as an editor). On a technical note, I don't believe you should be applying categories to drafts in your user space. Alexbrn talk|contribs|COI
Articles need to built based on credible, independent sources and should use sparingly, if at all, any citations to the org's website. In order to qualify for an article, there must be at least two, in-depth profile stories in credible, independent sources. Contributing with a COI is not forbidden, but it is discouraged, because in almost all cases the editor ends up with a distorted view of what is neutral and notable. CorporateM (Talk)
Agree with CorporateM and, for the most part, Alexbrn. I'm guessing this topic could be significant enough to justify an article, but we need more, better sources and a little polishing up of the content itself. I'd offered to go over this material in the past (hadn't noticed this conversation till now or I'd have said something before), SAS81, so I'll look into it, try to address these issues and, unless anyone has an issue with me doing so, submit the article for consideration. Seems that's a resolution to the COI, sourcing and content issues. Thoughts? The Cap'n (talk)
:Unless there is substantially better sourcing, it's no kind of "resolution" at all. Basic question: does this pass GNG? Alexbrn talk|contribs|COI
::Still looking into it, but based on what I'm finding I think I'll find enough to satisfy GNG, and can certainly do better than existing random articles like Thomas Whalan, Henryk Ruder and Will Murphy, all of which have no or single, non-secondary sources as references. By the standards of much of WP, the financial references alone would be enough to get a stub posted, but I agree that more is better. I'll get some independent secondaries or bump it back here as a no-go. The Cap'n (talk)
::::Per my discussion on both the Deepak Chopra Talk Page and the COIN here, I've updated the Chopra foundation article proposal with more secondary sources, a new section on Legal Actions, adjusted a bit of content, then posted it. It's a pretty standard article that more than meets GNG, but if anyone has any questions/issues, please let me know. The Cap'n (talk)
:::::It doesn't meet GNG in my view. I have nominated it for deletion, see Articles for deletion/Chopra foundation. Alexbrn talk|contribs|COI
== ==
In the interest of full disclosure, I work for Painting with a Twist, who is also featured in this article. However, it appears that someone from one of our competitors, Pinot's Palette, is editing this page, as well as creating a Pinot's Palette article, for the purpose of promoting their business. I think references to industry awards (the Entrepreneur Magazine reference) as well as the promotional image including the Pinot's Palette logo have no place in this entry.
Basically the entire article was an indiscriminate list and plug-fest of various vendors. I removed all of it except for the foundation of the first Paint and Sip company, which is of historical significance and I added a plug in the image, as we would actually want the image to describe exactly where it was taken (including at which vendor). I will start looking through the individual vendor pages to do additional cleanup as necessary. CorporateM (Talk)
Actually their own article (Pinot's) was done reasonably well. I just removed the "Awards" section which had a lot of trivial ranking-type stuff. CorporateM (Talk)
== Dark Wallet ==
Replace this with a brief explanation of the situation. Genjix (talk)
Hi, I'm a developer on the project Dark Wallet and wish to start a new page. For comparison, here is one of our competitors Coinbase. ATM Dark Wallet links to a biographical page, whereas I wish to start a dedicated page. Any pointers here on the right approach are appreciated - can I just go create the article and notify editors here after? Thanks. Genjix (talk)
I have provided some advice on this issue in an essay I wrote at ORGVANITY that may be helpful. Basically it is hard for someone to tell if a separate page is warranted without doing a lot of research, but that provides some guidelines on when it is appropriate to create separate articles on orgs/founders. CorporateM (Talk)
== Statement on Wikipedia from participating communications firms ==
I am a little concerned about a paid editor exerting ownership over an essay about paid editing, in order to protect promotion and advocacy in favor of paid editing. It seems to set an entirely poor example to include exactly the types of promotion/advocacy we should be encouraging the essay's readers to avoid.
I have tried to modify the essay to reduce promotion, avoid an indiscriminate collection of links and provide other corrections/clarifications and have in each case been blanket reverted by WWB using unusual reasons for his reverts such as speculations into my motives and mis-representing the edits I made.
It is entirely inappropriate for two paid editors to fight over an essay on paid editing. I have taken it off my watchlist and skurried on, but I post here in hopes that other editors interested in COI that are not directly affiliated with the initiative will take a look. If he does have the right to control the page as an essay, then I apologize. CorporateM (Talk)
I'm not sure why this statement is on Wikipedia in the first place. It seems self-serving and promotional. Coretheapple (talk)
== Wikifornabeel on Nabeel Perfumes ==
The user name "Wikifornabeel" suggests that the user may have a conflict of interest regarding Nabeel Perfumes. Accordingly, I the user to take care. That did not slow the editor's contributions to that article (mostly unobjectionable formatting, but image captioned "'Elite' - a range of high end occidental perfumes by Nabeel" is somewhat promotional). The user also uploaded . Moreover, the user has added links to Nabeel Perfumes in the articles Ittar () and Agarwood (), which seem to be designed purely to promote Nabeel Perfumes. Cnilep (talk)
== Kris Holmes ==
Article and user with same name. Mlpearc (open channel)
== Palringo ==
Hi – I have prepared a userspace draft to replace the current article for Palringo, which has been flagged for poor referencing and notability issues. My COI is that I work for Bell Pottinger and that Palringo is my client. The redraft is fully referenced and NPOV. If anyone would like to leave feedback either on my talk page or on the current article's talk page, that would be much appreciated. Many thanks. HOgilvy (talk)
== LA Models ==
On 30 June I a CCI request for , who keeps a very curious miscellany, including a number of copyvios, in hidden text in his various sandboxes. Looking through some contributions, I found this, the initial version of our article on LA Models. I was particularly interested to read this part of the article: I don't think there's any question that Trident13 has a conflict of interest at LA Models, and at New York Model Management, which he on 9 May 2014, three days before he moved Trident13/LA Models "into production" as LA Models (that sandbox was, by curious coincidence, deleted at his request yesterday). What I'd really like to know is how many other articles this editor, who has over 100,000 edits, has created for pay. Are you going to give us a list, Trident 13?
Justlettersandnumbers (talk)
I am quite happy to admit that I create paid for articles - its is still not the majority of my content, on either a daily or any other period measured basis - and this has been known by some including Admins for a period. But this is not in conflict with Wikipedia's Terms & Conditions, and I have not been asked before this point as to whether I had a COI re LA Models. If I had been asked or if it had become an issue re the articles inclusion, I would have happily and openly admitted so. Secondly, having been asked over seven years ago by Admin Fuhghettaboutit to be open in my method of creation - to help others to learn - I now find Justlettersandnumbers over-zealous pursuit of my editorial record in conflict with both this, and AGF. I further amended my method of creation in light of comments in 2008/9, still including research but both noidexing the stub and hiding any collected content. In light of this AOBF-driven posting by Justlettersandnumbers, I will be pursuing mediation. Rgds,
That is an interesting link that you post about WikiExperts. You seem to have been more than a little economical with the truth in replying to editor there. And perhaps you could explain how you think that keeping a large number of copyvios as hidden text in your various sandboxes satisfies 's request that you be "open in method of creation"; hidden text in a sandbox is hardly "open", I'd have thought. While we're at it, would you like to clarify why you went on creating copyvios in your sandboxes after you had been advised in October 2011 by , and that it was unacceptable to do so?
Anyway, back to the purpose of this board: would you be prepared to list the articles that you have accepted money to edit? Justlettersandnumbers (talk)
under the ToU you are obligated to disclose paid contributions. Whether anyone asked you or not, is irrelevant. I strongly recommend you disclose every article where you have made a paid edit since the ToU changed. Again, disclosure of paid edits is now required; it is not optional or "available upon request." Jytdog (talk)
:You're definitely required to disclose every edit you've been paid for since June 16, 2014 by the Terms of Use. May I also suggest that you go back to LA Models and clean up the adspeak and promotional tone. There's no reason that you should make other editors clean up after you. Smallbones(smalltalk)
I feel like i was a harsh, and want to give you a chance to speak... I have a hard time seeing how you are trying to comply with the COI guideline and ToU. Can you please explain how you are? If this thread is a surprise to you and you are seeing things differently and intend to start editing differently, please let us know that too. Thanks. Jytdog (talk)
:All the policies and guidelines of Wikipedia drive towards Neutrality. Hence, IMO, all wikipedians should exercise honesty while editing. Considering the present situation, either full article or portion/s of article even images, if any at WP or COMMONS, should be listed and scrutinized by a neutral editor/user regarding involvement of copyvio or promotional tone and necessary action need be taken. It will be better all paid contributions of an IP/User (irrespective of edit count/access level) at wikipedia could be moved to AFC, where it is possible for fine tuning the contents as there are good number of active reviewers are available there.
@Trident13, Jytdog: I don't see how our colloquy in 2007 is being interpreted by you as me asking you to be "open in your methods of creation", but it doesn't really matter because I don't see how being open in methods of creation has anything to do with the issues here. A copyright violation is a copyright violation and paid editing is paid editing and methods of creation has nothing to do with either (unless you're saying I was in some way endorsing paid editing, as a motivation for creation; to that extent, I most certainly was not). The former must not be engaged in; the latter is repugnant to me, but policy does not forbid it but as other have pointed out, the Terms of Use, as of June 16, 2014, does require your affirmative disclosure. To wit:
"These Terms of Use prohibit engaging in deceptive activities, including misrepresentation of affiliation, impersonation, and fraud. As part of these obligations, you must disclose your employer, client, and affiliation with respect to any contribution for which you receive, or expect to receive, compensation. You must make that disclosure in at least one of the following ways:
a statement on your user page,
a statement on the talk page accompanying any paid contributions, or
a statement in the edit summary accompanying any paid contributions."
What I am not clear on is whether you are obligated to provide disclosure for paid edits prior to June 16, 2014, as has been called for above, but I think you should without further prompting. I certainly appreciate your many good edits over the years but even if you didn't know of the changed ToU you do now and it's been almost a week since this discussion was opened without any action I can see to comply for your post-ToU-change edits. You say above that "I have not been asked before this point as to whether I had a COI re LA Models. If I had been asked or if it had become an issue re the articles inclusion, I would have happily and openly admitted so." As others have also pointed out, you do not need to be asked. Again, you have an affirmative obligation and should meet it without delay. As for the copyvios, I have not seen your response to that, but I have also not seen any evidence presented of any ongoing copyvios being posted or a widespread problem. If someone can point out which supbpages contain problems I'll take a look. My edited time right now is very constrained.
Thanks for your comments, . I too am about to be away from here for a couple of weeks, but just quickly, in case you want to look: CCI request is ; the article that revealed the first problems is Soughton Hall; Michael Hogben is listed at Copyright problems/2014 July 11. I still don't know if the CCI is really needed. Regards, Justlettersandnumbers (talk)
== Adam Rapp ==
Suspect 198.255.183.78 and Ultragoliath are the same individuals.
Ultragoliath has stated affiliation with Adam Rapp with this edit summary
198.255.183.78 has stated affiliation with Adam Rapp with thi edit summary
I have left a COI notice on both user talk pages without any response. Anon, and now Ultragoliath have continued to edit Adam Rapp giving deceptive edit summaries. I.e. not reveling extent of deletions. Jim1138 (talk)
== Joshua Davis (web designer) ==
I noticed that an article on my watchlist just started being edited by a user with a username that suggests he is the subject of the article. I know I'm completely ignoring the guidelines for this page, since I haven't talked to the user at all, but I really don't have the time or interest to discuss the conflict of interest guidelines with that user or to edit the article in question. The article was only on my watchlist since I patrol prods for articles that were prodded but had previously had a prod contested or previously been at AFD. I was hoping someone with more time and more interest in the conflict of interest guidelines could review that user's contributions to the article, and discuss the conflict of interest guidelines with him if you feel there is a conflict of interest. Calathan (talk)
thanks Calathan... we're a studio of 42 people, and Joshua Davis does work here... and I'm making edits to his Biography, to reflect his "actual" Biography rather than a ton of short unconnected statements posted by fans. Eventually we'd hope to have his page changed to Joshua_Davis_(designer) since he isn't and has not worked in the medium of the web for several years... Joshua is a designer working across multiple disciplines, the web only being 1 facet of his career.
if there is a better practice for helping me update Mr. Davis's credentials and avoid future COI issues... I'd love the information. — Preceding unsigned comment added by JoshuaDavisStudios (talk • contribs)
I'm leaving the template message that highlights the use of the talk page to request changes rather than editing the article directly. I'll also mention the username issue. — (talk)
== Editor for hire ==
Not sure what we can do about it, but OTRS has just been made aware of another company offering "paid editing" services, like Wiki-PR:
== Self-initiated COI investigation ==
I would like to submit evidence privately that I have no COI that prevents me from editing anywhere on Wikipedia. I have talked with my CPA and he is willing to provide (privately, to a functionary) an affidavit that my spouse is the sole source of income in our family and that my spouse does not work in a capacity or in an industry that in any way compromises my edits. I would also be happy to provide (privately, to a functionary) that I have credentials as a trained editor. Lightbreather (talk)
Utterly pointless. AndyTheGrump (talk)
I am having trouble finding where any discussion regarding even a potential COI involving Lightbreather has taken place. For those of us not familiar with the backstory here, why would we care who does or does not employ him or his spouse, and how would it be relevant? I see that Lightbreather has recently become subject to a topic ban (as a result of ongoing edit warring and tendentious editing; beyond that topic ban, is there something I'm missing? | 871,263,754 | 2018-11-29T22:45:39 | Conflict of interest/Noticeboard/Archive 77 | 2,019 |
15,357,707 | Ouvrage Coume Annexe Sud is a lesser work (petit ouvrage) of the Maginot Line. Located in the Fortified Sector of Boulay, the ouvrage consists of two infantry blocks, one artillery block and one observation block, and is located between petits ouvrages Coume and Mottemberg, facing Germany.
== Design and construction ==
The site was surveyed by CORF (Commission d'Organisation des Régions Fortifiées), the Maginot Line's design and construction agency; Coume was approved for construction in May 1931. It was completed at a cost of 13 million francs. The petit ouvrage was to receive a separate entry block in a second phase, never carried out.
== Description ==
Coume Annexe Sud comprises four infantry blocks, connected by underground galleries, with a small underground utility area and barracks. The galleries are excavated at an average depth of up to .
Block 1: Infantry block with one automatic rifle cloche (GFM) and one twin machine gun cloche (JM).
Block 2: Infantry block with one GFM cloche, one grenade launcher cloche (LG) and one twin machine gun cloche (JM).
Block 3: Entry/infantry block with two GFM cloches, one twin machine gun embrasure, one JM/AC47 embrasure and two 81mm mortar embrasures.
Block 4: Infantry/observation block with one GFM cloche, one JM cloche and one observation cloche (VDP).
=== Casemates and shelters ===
In addition to the connected combat blocks, a series of detached casemates and infantry shelters surround Coume Annexe Sud, including
Casemate du Bisterberg Nord I: SIngle armored block with two mortar cloches and one GFM cloche.
Casemate du Bisterberg Nord II: SIngle block with one JM/AC47 embrasure, one JM embrasure and one GFM cloche.
Casemate du Bisterberg Sud III: SIngle block with one JM/AC47 embrasure, one JM embrasure and one GFM cloche.
Casemate du Bisterberg Sud IIII: SIngle block with one JM/AC47 embrasure, one JM embrasure and one GFM cloche.
== Manning ==
The 1940 manning of the ouvrage under the command of Captain Faucoulanche comprised 194 men and 5 officers of the 160th Fortress Infantry Regiment. The units were under the umbrella of the 3rd Army, Army Group 2. The Casernement de Ban Saint-Jean provided peacetime above-ground barracks and support services to Coume Annexe Sudand other positions in the area.
== History ==
See Fortified Sector of Boulay for a broader discussion of the Boulay sector of the Maginot Line.
Coume Annexe Sud played no significant role in either the Battle of France in 1940 or the Lorraine Campaign of 1944.
== See also ==
List of all works on Maginot Line
Siegfried Line
Atlantic Wall
Czechoslovak border fortifications
== Notes ==
== References ==
== Bibliography ==
Allcorn, William. The Maginot Line 1928-45. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2003.
Kaufmann, J.E. and Kaufmann, H.W. Fortress France: The Maginot Line and French Defenses in World War II, Stackpole Books, 2006.
Kaufmann, J.E., Kaufmann, H.W., Jancovič-Potočnik, A. and Lang, P. The Maginot Line: History and Guide, Pen and Sword, 2011.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 1. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2001.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 2. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2003.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 3. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2003.
Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 5. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2009.
==External links==
Coume (petit ouvrage A32 annexe sud de) at
Petit ouvrage de Coume Annexe Sud at
Petit ouvrage de Coume Annexe Sud at {FR}}
Fortified sector of Boulay
Maginot Line
Ouvrage du Village de Coume | 917,346,589 | 2019-09-23T12:14:23 | Ouvrage Coume Annexe Sud | 2,019 |
1,239,701 | The Australian referendum of 27 May 1967, called by the Holt Government, approved two amendments to the Australian constitution relating to Indigenous Australians. Technically it was a vote on the Constitution Alteration (Aboriginals) 1967 Act, which became law on 10 August 1967 following the results of the referendum. The amendments were overwhelmingly endorsed, winning 90.77% of votes cast and carrying in all six states. These amendments altered sections 51(xxvi), and 127, having the immediate effect of including Aboriginal Australians in determinations of population, and also empowering the Federal Parliament to legislate specifically for this racial group. The other question put in the referendum, to allow the number of seats in the House of Representatives to be increased without increasing the number of senators, was rejected. It received majority support in only one state – New South Wales – and received about 40.25% "yes" votes nationwide.
==Background of the Referendum==
A proposed change to the Australian Constitution begins as a Bill that is presented to the Federal Parliament. If the Bill is passed by both Houses of Parliament, case committees are developed, a writ for a referendum is issued by the Governor-General, and a referendum is then presented to Australian voters, where it is passed if approved by a majority of people and majority of states.
Strong activism by individuals and both Indigenous and non-Indigenous groups greatly aided in the success of the 1967 referendum in the years leading up to the vote. Calls for Aboriginal issues to be dealt with at the Federal level began as early as 1910. Despite a failed attempt in the 1944 Referendum, minimal changes were instigated for Aboriginal rights until the 1960s, where the Bark Petition in 1963 and the ensuing Milirrpum v Nabalco Pty Ltd and Commonwealth of Australia (Gove Land Rights Case), and Gurindji Strike highlighted the negative treatment of Indigenous workers in the Northern Territory. From here, the overall plight of Aboriginal Australians became a fundamental political issue.
On 7 April 1965, the Menzies Cabinet decided that it would seek to repeal Section 127 of the Constitution at the same time as it sought to amend the nexus provision, but made no firm plans or timetable for such action. In August 1965, Attorney-General Billy Snedden proposed to Cabinet that abolition of Section 127 was inappropriate unless Section 51(xxvi) was simultaneously amended to remove the words "other than the aboriginal race in any state". He was rebuffed, but gained agreement when he made a similar submission to the Holt Cabinet in 1966. In the meantime, his Liberal colleague Billy Wentworth had introduced a private member's bill proposing inter alia to amend Section 51(xxvi).
Even before, in 1964, the Leader of the Opposition, Arthur Calwell, had proposed such a change and pledged that his party, the Australian Labor Party, would back any referendum to that effect.
The Australian Board of Missions, the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science, the Australian Aborigines League, the Australian Council of Churches, the Federal Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders (FCAATSI), and spokespeople such as Ruby Hammond, Bill Onus and Faith Bandler are just some of the many groups and individuals who effectively utilised the media and their influential platforms to generate the momentum needed to achieve a landslide "Yes" vote.
==Amendments to the Constitution==
In 1967 the Australian Parliament was unanimous in voting for the proposed law. As a result, only a "yes" case was published by the Parliament. Voters were asked to approve, together, changes to both of the provisions in which Aboriginal People were mentioned in the Constitution—sections 51(xxvi) and 127.
Section 51 begins:
And the extraordinary clauses that follow (ordinarily referred to as "heads of power") list most of the legislative powers of the federal parliament. The amendment deleted the text in bold from Clause xxvi (known as the "race" or "races" power):
The amendment gave the Commonwealth parliament power to legislate with respect to Aborigines living in a State as well as those living in a federal territory; the parliament has unfettered power in regard to territories under section 122 of the Constitution. The intent was that this new power for the Commonwealth would be used only beneficially, though the High Court decision in Kartinyeri v Commonwealth, was that the 1967 amendment did not impose such a restriction and the power could be used to the detriment of an identified race. The Hindmarsh Island bridge controversy, and the Northern Territory Intervention are two circumstances where the post-1967 race power has arguably been used in this way.
Section 127 was wholly removed. Headed "Aborigines not to be counted in reckoning population", it had read:
This section should be read in conjunction with Section 24 and Section 51(xi). The section related to calculating the population of the States and Territories for the purpose of allocating seats in the lower house of the federal parliament and per capita Commonwealth grants. The context of its introduction was to prevent Queensland and Western Australia from using their large Aboriginal populations to gain extra seats or extra funds. The "statistics" power in Section 51(xi) allowed the Commonwealth to collect information on Aboriginal people. There was a separate count of aboriginal people in the Australian Census and a specific annual census of aboriginal people from 1925 to 1949.
At this time voters in the Territories, while able and required to vote in elections for the House of Representatives, were not permitted to vote in referendums. That was not established until 1977.
=== Clarifications of interpretations ===
It is frequently stated that the 1967 referendum gave Aboriginal people Australian citizenship and that it gave them the right to vote in federal elections, however this is not the case. From 1944 until 1967 Aboriginal people in Western Australia had to apply to become citizens, and this citizenship was conditional on denouncing their heritage and could be taken away at any time. This situation continued until 1971. Most Indigenous Australians continued to be denied the right to vote in elections for the Australian Parliament even after 1949. The Commonwealth Electoral Act 1949 gave Aboriginal people the right to vote in federal elections only if they were able to vote in their state elections (they were disqualified from voting altogether in Queensland, while in Western Australia and the Northern Territory the right was conditional), or if they had served in the defence force. The Commonwealth Electoral Act 1962 gave all Aboriginal people the option of enrolling to vote in federal elections. It was not until the Commonwealth Electoral Amendment Act 1983 that voting became compulsory for Aboriginal people, as it was for other Australians.
It is also sometimes mistakenly stated that the 1967 referendum overturned a "Flora and Fauna Act". This is believed to have come from the New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974, which controlled Aboriginal heritage, land, and culture. The other states had either a native or aboriginals Act, many of which were managed as part of various departments, including agriculture and fishing.
==Question==
==Results==
== Legacy ==
Ninety percent of voters voted yes, and the overwhelming support gave the Federal Government a clear mandate to implement policies to benefit Aboriginal people. A lot of misconceptions have arisen as to the outcomes of the referendum, some as a result of it taking on a symbolic meaning during a period of increasing Aboriginal self-confidence. It was some five years before any real change occurred as a result of the referendum, but federal legislation has since been enacted covering land rights, discriminatory practices, financial assistance, and preservation of cultural heritage.
The referendum had two main outcomes. The first was to alter the legal boundaries within which the Federal Government could act. The Federal Parliament was given a constitutional head-of-power under which it could make special laws "for" Aboriginal people (for their benefit or, as has the High Court has made clear, their detriment) in addition to other "races". The Australian Constitution states that federal law prevails over state law, where they are inconsistent, so the Federal Parliament could, if it so chose, enact legislation that would end discrimination against Aboriginal people by state governments. However, during the first five years following the referendum the Federal Government did not use this new power.
The other key outcome of the referendum was to provide Aboriginal people with a symbol of their political and moral rights. The referendum occurred at a time when Aboriginal activism was accelerating and it was used as a kind of "historical shorthand" for all the relevant political events of the time, such as the demands for land rights by the Gurindji, the equal-pay case for pastoral workers, and the "Freedom Rides" to end segregation in New South Wales. This use as a symbol for a period of activism and change has contributed to the misconceptions about the effects of the constitutional changes themselves.
The benefits of the referendum began to flow to Aboriginal people in 1972. On 26 January 1972, Aboriginal peoples erected the Aboriginal Tent Embassy on the lawns of the Federal Parliament building in Canberra to express their frustration at the lack of progress on land rights and racial discrimination issues. This became a major confrontation that raised Aboriginal affairs high on the political agenda in the federal election later that year. One week after gaining office, the Whitlam Government (1972–1975) established a Royal Commission into land rights for Aboriginal people in the Northern Territory under Justice Woodward. Its principal recommendations, delivered in May 1974, were: that Aboriginal people should have inalienable title to reserve lands; that regional Land Councils should be established; to establish a fund to purchase land with which Aboriginal people had a traditional connection, or that would provide economic or other benefits; prospecting and mineral exploration on Aboriginal land should only occur with their consent or that of the Federal Government if the national interest required it; entry onto Aboriginal land should require a permit issued by the regional Land Council. The recommendations were framed in terms to enable application outside the Northern Territory. The Federal Government agreed to implement the principal recommendations and in 1975 the House of Representatives passed the Aboriginal Councils and Associations Bill and the Aboriginal Land (Northern Territory) Bill but the Senate had not considered them by the time parliament was dissolved in 1975.
The following year, the Fraser government (1975–1983) amended the Aboriginal Land (Northern Territory) Bill by introducing the Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Bill. The new bill made a number of significant changes such as limitation on the operations and boundaries of Land Councils; giving Northern Territory law effect on Aboriginal land, thereby enabling land rights to be eroded; removing the power of Land Councils to issue permits to non-Aboriginal people; allowing public roads to be built on Aboriginal land without consent. It is significant however that this legislation was implemented at all, given the political allegiances of the Fraser Government, and shows the level of community support for social justice for Aboriginal people at the time.
The Whitlam Government used its constitutional powers to overrule racially discriminatory State legislation. On reserves in Queensland, they were forbidden to gamble, use foul language, undertake traditional cultural practices, indulge in adultery, or drink alcohol. They were also required to work without payment. In the Aboriginal Courts in Queensland the same official acted as judge as well as the prosecuting counsel. Defendants almost invariably pleaded "guilty" as pleas of "not guilty" were more than likely to lead to a longer sentence. The Whitlam Government, using the race power, enacted the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders (Queensland Discriminatory Laws) Act 1975 to override the State laws and eliminate racial discrimination against Aboriginal people. No federal government ever enforced this Act.
The race power was also used by the Whitlam Government to positively discriminate in favour of Aboriginal people. It established schemes whereby Aboriginal people could obtain housing, loans, emergency accommodation and tertiary education allowances. It also increased funding for the Aboriginal Legal Service enabling twenty-five offices to be established throughout Australia.
The race power gained in the 1967 referendum has been used in several other pieces of significant Federal legislation. One of the pieces of legislation enacted to protect the Gordon River catchment used the race power but applied it to all people in Australia. The law prohibited anyone from damaging sites, relics and artefacts of Aboriginal settlement in the Gordon River catchment. In the Tasmanian Dam Case, the High Court held that even though this law applied to all people and not only to Aboriginal people, it still constituted a special law. In the 1992 Mabo judgement, the High Court established the existence of Native Title in Australian Common Law. Using the race power, the Keating Government enacted the Native Title Act 1993 and successfully defended a High Court challenge from the Queensland Government.
One last impact of the referendum has been the benefits flowing from the removal of the prohibition on counting Aboriginal people in the population statistics. Without official statistics as to their number, age structure or distribution, it was not possible for government agencies to establish soundly based policies for serving Aboriginal people, especially in the area of health. The availability of demographic data following the 1971 census (and onwards) relating to the Aboriginal population enabled the determination and monitoring of key health indicators such as infant mortality rates and life expectancy. Aboriginal life expectancy, especially for males, was significantly lower than the average population. Infant mortality rates in the early 1970s were among the highest in the world. Substantial improvements had occurred by the early 1990s but Aboriginal health indicators still lag behind those of the total population, especially for those living in remote areas, and closing the gap policies remain an ongoing part of governance in Australia.
The 1967 referendum has acquired a symbolic meaning in relation to a period of rapid social change during the 1960s. As a result, it has been credited with initiating political and social change that was the result of other factors. The real legislative and political impact of the 1967 referendum has been to enable, and thereby compel, the federal government to take action in the area of Aboriginal Affairs. Federal governments with a broader national and international agenda have attempted to end the discriminatory practices of state governments such as Queensland and to introduce policies that encourage self-determination and financial security for Aboriginal people. However, the effectiveness of these policies has been tempered by an unwillingness of most federal governments to deal with the difficult issues involved in tackling recalcitrant state governments.
When John Howard's Coalition government came to power in 1996, it intervened in the Hindmarsh Island bridge controversy with legislation that introduced an exception to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Heritage Protection Act 1984, in order to allow the bridge to proceed. The Ngarrindjeri challenged the new legislation in the High Court on the basis that it was discriminatory to declare that the Heritage Protection Act applied to sites everywhere but Hindmarsh Island, and that such discrimination – essentially on the basis of race – had been disallowed since the Commonwealth was granted the power to make laws with respect to the "Aboriginal race" as a result of the 1967 Referendum. The High Court decided, by a majority, that the amended s.51(xxvi) of the Constitution still did not restrict the Commonwealth parliament to making laws solely for the benefit of any particular "race", but still empowered the parliament to make laws that were to the detriment of any race. This decision effectively meant that those people who had believed that they were casting a vote against the discrimination of Indigenous people in 1967 had in fact allowed the Commonwealth to participate in the discrimination against Indigenous people which had been practised by the States.
===Proposed new referendum in the 2010s===
In 2010 the federal government established an "expert panel" to inquire into changing the federal constitution so that Australia's Indigenous peoples would be recognised in it. This would require a new referendum under section 128 of the Constitution of Australia. After wide-ranging consultation and receiving thousands of submissions, the panel delivered its report to Prime Minister Julia Gillard on 19 January 2012. The report recommends the removal of Constitution sections 25 and 51(xxvi), and the insertion of new sections 51A, 116A and 127A:
Section 51A Recognition of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples
Recognising that the continent and its islands now known as Australia were first occupied by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples;
Acknowledging the continuing relationship of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples with their traditional lands and waters;
Respecting the continuing cultures, languages and heritage of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples;
Acknowledging the need to secure the advancement of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples;
the Parliament shall, subject to this Constitution, have power to make laws for the peace, order and good government of the Commonwealth with respect to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.
Section 116A Prohibition of racial discrimination
(1) The Commonwealth, a State or a Territory shall not discriminate on the grounds of race, colour or ethnic or national origin.
(2) Subsection (1) does not preclude the making of laws or measures for the purpose of overcoming disadvantage, ameliorating the effects of past discrimination, or protecting the cultures, languages or heritage of any group.
Section 127A Recognition of languages
(1) The national language of the Commonwealth of Australia is English.
(2) The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages are the original Australian languages, a part of our national heritage.
The panel recommends that there be a single referendumin which, in particular, removal of s 51(xxvi) and insertion of the new s 51A would be proposed together, so that the validity of legislation that depends upon s 51(xxvi), such as the Native Title Act 1993 (Cth), would switch immediately from s 51(xxvi) to s 51A. The panel seeks a referendum process that will be nationally unifying and not divisive, with an eventual level of public support similar to that in 1967. To that end, it proposes that the referendum be preceded by "a properly resourced public education and awareness program" and "should only proceed when it is likely to be supported by all major political parties, and a majority of State governments". If the federal government were to prefer different changes, the panel advises, it should return to consultation with the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.
===Responses to the recognition campaign in the 2010s===
On 12 March 2013, with all-party support, the federal parliament passed the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples Recognition Act 2013, which recognises the Indigenous peoples of Australia and requires establishment of a committee to advise on a suitable date for a referendum on these proposals. The process was to have been completed within two years, with a sunset provision ending the force of the Act on 28 March 2015; the period was extended for a further three years.
In December 2015 a Referendum Council, with 16 Indigenous and non-Indigenous members, was established to advise the Prime Minister and the Leader of the Opposition on progress toward a referendum. It conducted national consultations which continued through the second half of 2016, and published a discussion paper about five key proposals in October 2016. The Recognition Council used a deliberative process which included six months of regional dialogues which resulted in a collective report of what constitutional recognition meant to aboriginal people.
===Uluru Statement===
The Uluru Statement from the Heart was the culmination of a national indigenous public consultation process and demanded constitutional reform on three points: voice, truth, and treaty.
The main proposals of the Uluru Statement were:
a national representative body with the power to advise parliament on laws that affect Indigenous peoples; and
a Makarrata Commission to supervise a process of agreement-making between governments and First Nations and undertake a public truth-telling process about Australia's history. Makarrata is a Yolngu word meaning "a coming together after a struggle".
The final report released on 30 June 2017 by the Referendum Council was largely supportive of the Uluru Statement. The majority of the council recommended a referendum be held to change the Constitution to establish an Indigenous "voice to parliament". The council commented but did not recommend the establishment of a Makarrata Commission which was outside its terms of reference.
There was minimal debate in the media after the release of the Referendum Council's report. On 26 October 2017, in a joint press release Malcolm Turnbull, George Brandis, Nigel Scullion largely rejected the major proposals by the Referendum Council. The main concern was that an indigenous national representative body would "inevitably become seen as a third chamber of Parliament" and would not be supported by the majority of Australians. The next step would be a Joint Select Committee that considers the recommendations of the existing bodies of work developed by the Expert Panel (2012), the Joint Select Committee on Recognition of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples (2015) and the Referendum Council report (2017) in the hope of developing a constitutional change that is both meaningful to indigenous people and acceptable to the majority of Australians.
==See also==
1967 Australian referendum (Parliament), which was held on the same day
Aboriginal Australians
History of Australia
Politics of Australia
Referendums in Australia
Voting rights of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples
==References==
== Further reading and external links ==
. Contains interviews with Aboriginal campaigners.
Discusses the 1967 referendum in the light of the proposed new referendum.
{| border="1" class="toccolours" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
|-
| width="30%" align ="center" |
Preceded by:Social Services Amendment (1946)
| width="40%" align="center" |
Amendments to theConstitution of Australia
| width="30%" align="center" |
Followed by:Senate Vacancies Amendment
Referendum Amendment
Retirement of Judges Amendment
(1977)
|}
1967 in Australia
Amendments to the Constitution of Australia
Indigenous Australian politics
1967 referendums
Constitutional referendums in Australia | 933,274,618 | 2019-12-30T23:45:08 | 1967 Australian referendum (Aboriginals) | 2,019 |
10,352,351 | == Image licensing help ==
Pd_THOR, you flagged an image () I uploaded for deletion due to licensing and fair use concerns. I agree with this, but I'm finding the image tagging process very non-intuitive, especially post-upload (ie. making changes to the tag after the fact).
I added rationale and source info to the image's Talk page, but I'm not confident this is what's required. Any input you can provide will be much appreciated.
— Jim Dunning talk :
I definitely agree that having to later put these things into the image as opposed to having the system make known the requirements up-front is information, I moved the sourcing and fair-use rationale to the images description page; and hope you're satisfied with the formatting. I also added to the image as I'm not sure if using the image in the template (effectively for decoration purposes, and not on the county page itself) will qualify under fair-use. But I don't want to be the unqualified ogre to remove it, or tell you no, so I added the template. Further, the image should be taken from JimDunning/Sandbox ASAP as fair-use images shouldn't be used outside of the articlespace. — pd_THOR | =/\= |
Thanks – the rationale info looks just fine and now I know what to do in the future. I'm actually getting quite the education on image fair use and modified the Wayne County template so that the seal image is not on the template page. I thought I'd be okay using a parser function that would let me place the image on the article page as an argument for the county summary info box at the bottom. Now I've discovered that using the image on the article page in such a manner (template or no template) is considered mere decoration and can't be used. I see how it can be considered decoration, although I saw it as informative.
I'm curious what the difference is between Flag of New and , however. Both were in the template (and appeared at the bottom of the article page). I recall reading something about use of US and state images being wide open, so is using images related to a state subdivision different?
(Thanks for reminding me about the image link to my Sandbox page – I should have deleted that earlier. I removed it (does that change the fair use review flag?).)
— Jim Dunning talk :
The tag on Flag of New says that state flags fall within the public domain. Why, I don't know. But I trust that it is true. As for the seal (), per the source it came from: "Copyright © 2001-2003 Wayne County Government. All rights reserved.". To use it then, it has to fall under fair-use. Why one is PD and the other isn't, I don't really know.I'll remove the review notice (which I think I can do, since I added it) since it's only being used on the Wayne County, New York page. I'll also adjust the fair-use rationale appropriately. — pd_THOR | =/\= |
== Christmas ==
I've responded to your question on Selected anniversaries/January 7.
==Julianna Rose Mauriello==
There's a discussion relevant to your recent edit of this page on the talk page here: Julianna Rose Mauriello. Kat, Queen of Typos
== West Bromwich Albion and CSD for no rationale ==
If You read the warning box's first sentence: This image is tagged as being allowed under "fair use" with a generic fair use template such as or , and was uploaded after May 4, 2006. Do You notice something? Like that the picture was originally uploaded 12:53, 31 May 2005 by Fooby. And please inform the uploader(s) that the uploaded image needs a source (or something else). Best, feydey
But the version of the image currently being used was uploaded after 2006-05-04, it was uploaded by on for informing the uploader, honestly I usually let to make the notifications as it does so automatically. While this probably isn't the best of practices, neither is the Coke I have for breakfast; but they both usually get the job done. /me shrugs. — pd_THOR | =/\= |
== Tenacious D ==
I would like a fair use image for Tenacious D, but where can I find one?
Tenacious D Fans
==Laud==
Thank you and yes I really did from scratch no less except the eagle but I re-did it and made it look embroidered too. I'm actually in the process of remaking all of them as we speak the gold ones look even better. Check the United States Navy enlisted rate insignia page in about an hour and ill have them all up there. Incidentally I made the insignia that are on there now with the exception of the collar devices. I made them didn't like them and decided to improve on them. again thanks.
== Your Bot has a glitch also ==
Photos
Schadler
Evans
Rowan
Hunter jon
Sypolt
Were all labled by your bot as unsourced yet, each photo was labled as to its source with the text; Official Press Release Photo from WV Legislature. Press Release photos are public domain and for General Public Use. They were labled with the GFDL which should be correct. Sourced and labled.
These are sourced silmilar
Betty Ireland, West Virginia Secretary of
Gov Joe
Labled as the press release photos. What is your looking for?
I'm starting to think these bots looking at photo should be banned. Very few are sofisticated enough to read the source information.
I ... don't have a all those images, I've only edited Hunter jon . I removed the GFDL licensing on it as I could not corroborate it with the "sourcing". I searched for the apparent sourcing for this image and found and I can find no GFDL release of their materials on their website. As such, I removed the GFDL and replaced it with . — pd_THOR | =/\= |
You must be new to Wiki. In order for a User to know you are responding to them, you need to post on their talkpage. The only way they would know you responded on yours is if they have it in your watch. I don't usually put User pages in my watch, I did happend to check yours. There were 5, Press Release photos that I uploaded today, and I gave them all to you so that you didn't mark them as well.
I'm glad you found the West Virginia Legislature site, but what does that have to do with sourcing? I believe the same photos are on there, but I got them in the state capital last week when I was there for the openning session. That is why I didn't put a link saying I got them there, because that would be lying. I stated the source, that they were the official press release photos, and that they were public domain. I picked them up last week when I spent several days in Charleston for the openning of the state legislature. IF you don't believe call State Senator Dave Sypolt that gave them to me. His number is (304) 698-5299. The sourcing is correct.
That's good, very good. The quick jab under the pretenses of being helpful that both effects to make make me feel dumb and/or depreciated, as well as showing you to be the bastion of wiki-knowledge and helpfulness that you truly must be. You were a little too overt about it, though. Next time, I recommend dropping the whole "you must be new" bit, it detracts from the seemingly helpful and friendly-nuanced attitude of the message
== Attribution ==
I saw the comment you left at Attribution. My guess is that if the copyright holder is not a Wikipedia user, then would probably be the most appropriate tag. —ShadowHalo
== PD sources required? ==
You said: "If an image has only a free-use copyright tag, my instinct is to request a source even though many of those copyright tags don't require one in their verbage. For example only says that the image is PD and nothing required about source, but it seems to have no burden of proof. Specifically, I'm referring to G8 bombings (see history), but this is problematic in all venues. Say I were to upload a questionably copyrighted image (say, ) but tagged it with or . Without a source required, what is the recourse since the licensing doesn't explicitly require it?"
Upload unambiguously states that the source of the file (in this case, an image) must be provided or the image will be deleted within one week. Image use policy says, "fully describe images' sources and copyright details on their description pages". I think it is quite clear, barring any evidence to the contrary, that sources must be provided even for public domain images. It seems to fit both the letter and the spirit of Wikipedia's image policies. It is my opinion that , for example, is not immune from this simply because it doesn't spell it out there as well; anyone uploading an image would already have seen that a source is required.
== allowedin ==
I'm still waiting for someone with bot-coding experience to have a go at it, if you know anyone who could that would be great. ed g2s • talk
==WotW ==
Rather than restore the tag after considerable effort was made to so satisfy, why not write me with the reasons you believe this to still be replaceable? This image accompanies text specific to the film and is not used merely to identify; please explain. RadioKirk (u|t|c)
I did. And while I do appreciate the efforts you've made, I maintain my position. — pd_THOR | =/\= |
I have, virtually by force, become entirely familiar with FUC; nothing therein suggests that text specific "to either the scene portrayed to how the actress appears in the particular scene" is required, much less suggested. Your objection seems focused upon item #8 (the remainder are satisfied), which states that an image must "specifically illustrate relevant points or sections within the text"; the image within the article accompanies the text, "War director Steven Spielberg marveled at 'how quickly she understands the situation in a sequence, how quickly she sizes it up, measures it up and how she would really react in a real situation'". I maintain that your position is incorrectly—not just unnecessarily—strict. RadioKirk (u|t|c)
But how exactly does that passage of text relate the the use of the image? Spielberg didn't say anything about this given scene, or about how she particularly looked in any given scene; only that basically, she's really good. This image doesn't convey her ability to grasp the gravity of the fictional situation as it would personally relate to her in reality (what the text is saying), it shows her looking ... sad? worried? Great. But it doesn't give us any more insight into her acting than this image or this image does for those respective actors. To describe what Spielberg was referring requires watching actions and events. This can be accomplished by either the quote itself, or a video which can demonstrate these acting capabilities; an image doesn't do this, and can' combination of text and image to satisfy fair use should be: "This is a fact. This image is crucial to illustrating this fact, and no free-use alternative could perform the same function." The utilization of this image amounts to: "She is an excellent actress because she can do . This image clearly depicts what she looks like when she is acting." — pd_THOR | =/\= |
I reiterate, your position is incorrectly—not just unnecessarily—strict, as FUC neither requires nor suggests that the text be exactly specific to the image. Quoting again, the relevant passage states that an image must "specifically illustrate relevant points or sections within the text"; Miss Fanning has a sufficiently prolific career that "relevant points or sections" need refer only to a film, not a specific scene therefrom. Simply put, the image illustrates the text, as required. RadioKirk (u|t|c)
The criteria are met; please withdraw your tag. Thank you. RadioKirk (u|t|c)
I disagree, I don't feel that the image's use meets criteria; please feel free to dispute "my tag". — pd_THOR | =/\= |
conversation moved to pd_THOR
== Yukmouth ==
Seems so to me. The guy's still active, and there's nothing specifically notable about that particular image. —Chowbok ☠
==Images==
Image:Little Big and Image:Springfield are only temporary. I fully intend on uploading screenshots as soon as the episodes air. I added fair use rationale, so what more do you want?
The problem is that the images are simply too big to qualify as fair-use. The fair-use criteria require that the image be "as little as possible. Low-resolution images should be used instead of high-resolution images". If you have image manipulation software available to you, you can do it yourself, or leave the tags and somebody (recently, I've seen reducing many of these images) will eventually reduce it for you. — pd_THOR | =/\= |
They won't be deleted?
No, no. There's no CSD for too-big fair-use images, it's really too easy to fix and doesn't require a judgment call. If you just leave the tags (or replace them, as you've taken at least one off again already) somebody'll come along and reduce the an example, I tagged AmericaFerrera as yesterday. About nine hours later, came along and reduced it. — pd_THOR | =/\= |
== User:Bourbons3 ==
You left a note about an image uploaded by . He's been indefblocked for a while as a massively sockpuppeting user, so you're probably in the clear as to him responding about the pending image deletion. ;) Syrthiss
== Rationale for Mac OS 9 screenshot ==
You had added a template to this image that required it to get a fair use rationale. However, you did not notify me that you had done this. I would have preferred it if you left a message on my talk page so that I could rectify the situation, seen as how I uploaded the image in the first place. This seems to be common practice whenever something threatens deletion of a file. —msikma (user, talk)
Usually I use a script that automatically both tags images as well as amends the uploaders' talk pages. I've been having some problems with it recently, so I've taken to relying on to make the notifications. I'm sorry if it seems rather ... curt of me not to do so, but while the bot isn't "quick" it is quite thorough, and does inevitably save me a lot of time. — pd_THOR | =/\= |
That's okay. It's not a big deal to me. But it really should notify people on their talk page. It really would have cost me a lot more time to have to redo that screenshot that you tagged for deletion, and had I not noticed that it was, I certainly wouldn't have been able to keep it from being deleted. —msikma (user, talk)
== u smell ==
likw dog poo —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Lilyfan87 (talk • contribs) .
You have grammar and spelling deficiencies. — pd_THOR | =/\= |
== image sourcing question ==
You said: "I know MySpace is not a RS, but can it be used as the sourcing for an image when to corroborate the source you must have an account? is hard to answer. I actually signed up for a MySpace account just so I could verify things like this. What it comes down to is whether there is sufficient reason to believe this really is an official MySpace account and whether the image is licensed appropriately. In this case, it appears to be a fair-use image used to depict a living person so it is not relevant whether or not the source corroborates anything. In general, I'm unhappy with sources that require an account. However, it seems that Wikipedia generally allows it for the "big sites" such as MySpace. -- | 405,431,572 | 2011-01-02T03:31:19 | Fourthords/Archive 3 | 2,019 |
31,459,976 | == April 2011 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Gary Neville, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by ClueBot NG.
Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism.
ClueBot NG produces very few false positives, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been detected as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again.
The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Gary Neville was changed by 86.177.152.32 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.865108 on 2011-04-10T22:26:20+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)
Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Gary Neville, you may be blocked from editing. Materialscientist (talk) | 423,412,912 | 2011-04-10T22:36:33 | 86.177.152.32 | 2,019 |
27,046,954 | The Deepwater Horizon oil spill (also referred to as the BP oil spill, oil leak, or oil disaster; the Gulf of Mexico oil spill; and the Macondo blowout) is an industrial disaster that began on April 20, 2010, in the Gulf of Mexico on the BP-operated Macondo Prospect, considered to be the largest marine oil spill in the history of the petroleum industry and estimated to be 8% to 31% larger in volume than the previous largest, the Ixtoc I oil spill, also in the Gulf of Mexico. The U.S. Federal Government estimated the total discharge at . After several failed efforts to contain the flow, the well was declared sealed on September 19, 2010. Reports in early 2012 indicated that the well site was still leaking. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill is regarded as one of the largest environmental disasters in American history.
A massive response ensued to protect beaches, wetlands and estuaries from the spreading oil utilizing skimmer ships, floating booms, controlled burns and of oil dispersant. Due to the months-long spill, along with adverse effects from the response and cleanup activities, extensive damage to marine and wildlife habitats and fishing and tourism industries was reported. In Louisiana, of oily material was removed from the beaches in 2013, over double the amount collected in 2012. Oil cleanup crews worked four days a week on of Louisiana shoreline throughout 2013. Oil continued to be found as far from the Macondo site as the waters off the Florida Panhandle and Tampa Bay, where scientists said the oil and dispersant mixture is embedded in the sand. In April 2013, it was reported that dolphins and other marine life continued to die in record numbers with infant dolphins dying at six times the normal rate. One study released in 2014 reported that tuna and amberjack that were exposed to oil from the spill developed deformities of the heart and other organs that would be expected to be fatal or at least life-shortening and another study found that cardiotoxicity might have been widespread in animal life exposed to the spill.
Numerous investigations explored the causes of the explosion and record-setting spill. The U.S. Government report, published in September 2011, pointed to defective cement on the well, faulting mostly BP, but also rig operator Transocean and contractor Halliburton. Earlier in 2011, a White House commission likewise blamed BP and its partners for a series of cost cutting decisions and an inadequate safety system, but also concluded that the spill resulted from "systemic" root causes and "absent significant reform in both industry practices and government policies, might well recur".
In November 2012, BP and the United States Department of Justice settled federal criminal charges, with BP pleading guilty to 11 counts of manslaughter, two misdemeanors, and a felony count of lying to Congress. BP also agreed to four years of government monitoring of its safety practices and ethics, and the Environmental Protection Agency announced that BP would be temporarily banned from new contracts with the US government. BP and the Department of Justice agreed to a record-setting $4.525 billion in fines and other payments. , cleanup costs, charges and penalties had cost the company more than $65 billion.
In September 2014, a U.S. District Court judge ruled that BP was primarily responsible for the oil spill because of its gross negligence and reckless conduct. In July 2015, BP agreed to pay $18.7 billion in fines, the largest corporate settlement in United States history.
== Background ==
===Deepwater Horizon drilling rig===
The Deepwater Horizon was a 10-year-old semi-submersible, mobile, floating, dynamically positioned drilling rig that could operate in waters up to deep. Built by South Korean company Hyundai Heavy Industries and owned by Transocean, the rig operated under the Marshallese flag of convenience, and was chartered to BP from March 2008 to September 2013. It was drilling a deep exploratory well, below sea level, in approximately of water. The well is situated in the Macondo Prospect in Mississippi Canyon Block 252 (MC252) of the Gulf of Mexico, in the United States' exclusive economic zone. The Macondo well is found roughly off the Louisiana coast. BP was the operator and principal developer of the Macondo Prospect with a 65% share, while 25% was owned by Anadarko Petroleum, and 10% by MOEX Offshore 2007, a unit of Mitsui.
===Explosion===
At approximately , on April 20, 2010, high-pressure methane gas from the well expanded into the marine riser and rose into the drilling rig, where it ignited and exploded, engulfing the platform. At the time, 126 crew members were on board: seven BP employees, 79 of Transocean, and employees of various other companies. Eleven missing workers were never found despite a three-day U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) search operation and are believed to have died in the explosion. Ninety-four crew members were rescued by lifeboat or helicopter, 17 of whom were treated for injuries. The Deepwater Horizon sank on the morning of April 22, 2010.
== Volume and extent of oil spill ==
The oil leak was discovered on the afternoon of April 22, 2010 when a large oil slick began to spread at the former rig site. The oil flowed for 87 days. BP originally estimated a flow rate of . The Flow Rate Technical Group (FRTG) estimated the initial flow rate was . BP challenged the higher figure, saying that the government overestimated the volume. Internal emails released in 2013 showed that one BP employee had estimates that matched those of the FRTG, and shared the data with supervisors, but BP continued with their lower number. The company argued that government figures do not reflect over of oil that was collected or burned before it could enter the Gulf waters.
According to the satellite images, the spill directly affected of ocean, which is comparable to the size of Oklahoma. By early June 2010, oil had washed up on of Louisiana's coast and along the Mississippi, Florida, and Alabama coastlines. Oil sludge appeared in the Intracoastal Waterway and on Pensacola Beach and the Gulf Islands National Seashore. In late June, oil reached Gulf Park Estates, its first appearance in Mississippi. In July, tar balls reached Grand Isle and the shores of Lake Pontchartrain. In September a new wave of oil suddenly coated of Louisiana coastline and marshes west of the Mississippi River in Plaquemines Parish. In October, weathered oil reached Texas. , about of coastline in Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Florida were contaminated by oil and a total of had been oiled since the spill began. , of coastline remain subject to evaluation and/or cleanup operations.
Concerns were raised about the appearance of underwater, horizontally extended plumes of dissolved oil. Researchers concluded that deep plumes of dissolved oil and gas would likely remain confined to the northern Gulf of Mexico and that the peak impact on dissolved oxygen would be delayed and long lasting.
Two weeks after the wellhead was capped on July 15, 2010, the surface oil appeared to have dissipated, while an unknown amount of subsurface oil remained. Estimates of the residual ranged from a 2010 NOAA report that claimed about half of the oil remained below the surface to independent estimates of up to 75%.
That means that over (2.4 million barrels) remained in the Gulf. , tar balls, oil sheen trails, fouled wetlands marsh grass and coastal sands were still evident. Subsurface oil remained offshore and in fine silts. In April 2012, oil was still found along as much as of Louisiana coastline and tar balls continued to wash up on the barrier islands. In 2013, some scientists at the Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill and Ecosystem Science Conference said that as much as one-third of the oil may have mixed with deep ocean sediments, where it risks damage to ecosystems and commercial fisheries.
In 2013, more than of "oiled material" was removed from the Louisiana coast. Although only "minute" quantities of oil continued to wash up in 2013, patches of tar balls were still being reported almost every day from Alabama and Florida Panhandle beaches. Regular cleanup patrols were no longer considered justified but cleanup was being conducted on an as-needed basis, in response to public reports.
It was first thought that oil had not reached as far as Tampa Bay, Florida; however, a study done in 2013 found that one of the plumes of dispersant-treated oil had reached a shelf off the Tampa Bay region. According to researchers, there is "some evidence it may have caused lesions in fish caught in that area".
== Efforts to stem the flow of oil ==
=== Short-term efforts ===
First, BP unsuccessfully attempted to close the blowout preventer valves on the wellhead with remotely operated underwater vehicles. and in January 2013. Repeated scientific analyses confirmed that the sheen was a chemical match for oil from the Macondo well.
The USCG initially said the oil was too dispersed to recover and posed no threat to the coastline, but later warned BP and Transocean that they might be held financially responsible for cleaning up the new oil. USGS director Marcia McNutt stated that the riser pipe could hold at most because it is open on both ends, making it unlikely to hold the amount of oil being observed.
In October 2012, BP reported that they had found and plugged leaking oil from the failed containment dome, now abandoned about from the main well. In December 2012, the USCG conducted a subsea survey; no oil coming from the wells or the wreckage was found and its source remains unknown. In addition, a white, milky substance was observed seeping from the wreckage. According to BP and the USCG, it is "not oil and it's not harmful."
In January 2013, BP said that they were continuing to investigate possible sources of the oil sheen. Chemical data implied that the substance might be residual oil leaking from the wreckage. If that proves to be the case, the sheen can be expected to eventually disappear. Another possibility is that it is formation oil escaping from the subsurface, using the Macondo well casing as flow conduit, possibly intersecting a naturally occurring fault, and then following that to escape at the surface some distance from the wellhead. If it proves to be oil from the subsurface, then that could indicate the possibility of an indefinite release of oil. The oil slick was comparable in size to naturally occurring oil seeps and was not large enough to pose an immediate threat to wildlife.
== Containment, collection and use of dispersants ==
The fundamental strategies for addressing the spill were containment, dispersal and removal. In summer 2010, approximately 47,000 people and 7,000 vessels were involved in the project. By 3 October 2012, federal response costs amounted to $850 million, mostly reimbursed by BP. , 935 personnel were still involved. By that time cleanup had cost BP over $14 billion.
It was estimated with plus-or-minus 10% uncertainty that of oil was released from the well; of oil went into the Gulf. The report led by the Department of the Interior and the NOAA said that "75% has been cleaned up by Man or Mother Nature"; however, only about 25% of released oil was collected or removed while about 75% of oil remained in the environment in one form or another. In 2012, Markus Huettel, a benthic ecologist at Florida State University, maintained that while much of BP's oil was degraded or evaporated, at least 60% remains unaccounted for.
In May 2010, a local native set up a network for people to volunteer their assistance in cleaning up beaches. Boat captains were given the opportunity to offer the use of their boat to help clean and prevent the oil from further spreading. To assist with the efforts the captains had to register their ships with the Vessels of Opportunity, however an issue arose when more boats registered than actually participated in the clean up efforts - only a third of the registered boats. Many local supporters were disappointed with BP's slow response, prompting the formation of The Florida Key Environmental Coalition. This coalition gained significant influence in the clean up of the oil spill to try and gain some control over the situation.
=== Containment ===
Containment booms stretching over were deployed, either to corral the oil or as barriers to protect marshes, mangroves, shrimp/crab/oyster ranches or other ecologically sensitive areas. Booms extend above and below the water surface and were effective only in relatively calm and slow-moving waters. Including one-time use sorbent booms, a total of of booms were deployed. Booms were criticized for washing up on the shore with the oil, allowing oil to escape above or below the boom, and for ineffectiveness in more than three to four-foot (90–120 cm) waves.
The Louisiana barrier island plan was developed to construct barrier islands to protect the coast of Louisiana. The plan was criticised for its expense and poor results. Critics allege that the decision to pursue the project was political with little scientific input. The EPA expressed concern that the booms would threaten wildlife.
For a time, a group called Matter of Trust, citing insufficient availability of manufactured oil absorption booms, campaigned to encourage hair salons, dog groomers and sheep farmers to donate hair, fur and wool clippings, stuffed in pantyhose or tights, to help contain oil near impacted shores, a technique dating back to the Exxon Valdez disaster.
=== Use of Corexit dispersant ===
The spill was also notable for the volume of Corexit oil dispersant used and for application methods that were "purely experimental." Altogether, of dispersants were used; of this were released at the wellhead. Subsea injection had never previously been tried but due to the spill's unprecedented nature BP together with USCG and EPA decided to use it. Over 400 sorties were flown to release the product. Although usage of dispersants was described as "the most effective and fast moving tool for minimizing shoreline impact", the approach continues to be investigated.
A 2011 analysis conducted by Earthjustice and Toxipedia showed that the dispersant could contain cancer-causing agents, hazardous toxins and endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Environmental scientists expressed concerns that the dispersants add to the toxicity of a spill, increasing the threat to sea turtles and bluefin tuna. The dangers are even greater when poured into the source of a spill, because they are picked up by the current and wash through the Gulf. According to BP and federal officials, dispersant use stopped after the cap was in place; however, marine toxicologist Riki Ott wrote in an open letter to the EPA that Corexit use continued after that date and a GAP investigation stated that " majority of GAP witnesses cited indications that Corexit was used after ."
According to a NALCO manual obtained by GAP, Corexit 9527 is an “eye and skin irritant. Repeated or excessive exposure ... may cause injury to red blood cells (hemolysis), kidney or the liver.” The manual adds: “Excessive exposure may cause central nervous system effects, nausea, vomiting, anesthetic or narcotic effects.” It advises, “Do not get in eyes, on skin, on clothing,” and “Wear suitable protective clothing.” For Corexit 9500 the manual advised, “Do not get in eyes, on skin, on clothing,” “Avoid breathing vapor,” and “Wear suitable protective clothing.” According to FOIA requests obtained by GAP, neither the protective gear nor the manual were distributed to Gulf oil spill cleanup workers.
Corexit EC9500A and Corexit EC9527A were the principal variants. The two formulations are neither the least toxic, nor the most effective, among EPA's approved dispersants, but BP said it chose to use Corexit because it was available the week of the rig explosion. On 19 May, the EPA gave BP 24 hours to choose less toxic alternatives to Corexit from the National Contingency Plan Product Schedule, and begin applying them within 72 hours of EPA approval or provide a detailed reasoning why no approved products met the standards. On 20 May, BP determined that none of the alternative products met all three criteria of availability, non-toxicity and effectiveness. On 24 May, EPA Administrator Lisa P. Jackson ordered EPA to conduct its own evaluation of alternatives and ordered BP to reduce dispersant use by 75%. BP reduced Corexit use by per day, a 9% decline. On 2 August 2010, the EPA said dispersants did no more harm to the environment than the oil and that they stopped a large amount of oil from reaching the coast by breaking it down faster. However, some independent scientists and EPA's own experts continue to voice concerns about the approach.
Underwater injection of Corexit into the leak may have created the oil plumes which were discovered below the surface. Because the dispersants were applied at depth, much of the oil never rose to the surface. One plume was long, more than wide and deep. In a major study on the plume, experts were most concerned about the slow pace at which the oil was breaking down in the cold, water at depths of .
In late 2012, a study from Georgia Tech and Universidad Autonoma de Aguascalientes in Environmental Pollution journal reported that Corexit used during the BP oil spill had increased the toxicity of the oil by 52 times. The scientists concluded that "Mixing oil with dispersant increased toxicity to ecosystems" and made the gulf oil spill worse."
=== Removal ===
The three basic approaches for removing the oil from the water were: combustion, offshore filtration, and collection for later processing. USCG said of tainted water was recovered, including of oil. BP said had been recovered or flared. It is calculated that about 5% of leaked oil was burned at the surface and 3% was skimmed. On the most demanding day 47,849 people were assigned on the response works.
From April to mid-July 2010, 411 controlled in-situ fires remediated approximately . The fires released small amounts of toxins, including cancer-causing dioxins. According to EPA's report, the released amount is not enough to pose an added cancer risk to workers and coastal residents, while a second research team concluded that there was only a small added risk.
Oil was collected from water by using skimmers. In total 2,063 various skimmers were used. For offshore, more than 60 open-water skimmers were deployed, including 12 purpose-built vehicles. EPA regulations prohibited skimmers that left more than 15 parts per million (ppm) of oil in the water. Many large-scale skimmers exceeded the limit. Due to use of Corexit the oil was too dispersed to collect, according to a spokesperson for shipowner TMT. In mid-June 2010, BP ordered 32 machines that separate oil and water, with each machine capable of extracting up to . After one week of testing, BP began to proceed and by 28 June, had removed .
After the well was captured, the cleanup of shore became the main task of the response works. Two main types of affected coast were sandy beaches and marshes. On beaches the main techniques were sifting sand, removing tar balls, and digging out tar mats manually or by using mechanical devices. For marshes, techniques such as vacuum and pumping, low-pressure flush, vegetation cutting, and bioremediation were used.
=== Oil-eating microbes ===
Dispersants are said to facilitate the digestion of the oil by microbes. Mixing dispersants with oil at the wellhead would keep some oil below the surface and in theory, allowing microbes to digest the oil before it reached the surface. Various risks were identified and evaluated, in particular that an increase in microbial activity might reduce subsea oxygen levels, threatening fish and other animals.
Several studies suggest that microbes successfully consumed part of the oil. By mid-September, other research claimed that microbes mainly digested natural gas rather than oil. David L. Valentine, a professor of microbial geochemistry at UC Santa Barbara, said that the capability of microbes to break down the leaked oil had been greatly exaggerated. However, biogeochemist Chris Reddy, said natural microorganisms are a big reason why the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico was not far worse.
Genetically modified Alcanivorax borkumensis was added to the waters to speed digestion. The delivery method of microbes to oil patches was proposed by the Russian Research and Development Institute of Ecology and the Sustainable Use of Natural Resources.
== Access restrictions ==
On May 18, 2010, BP was designated the lead "Responsible Party" under the Oil Pollution Act of 1990, which meant that BP had operational authority in coordinating the response.
The first video images were released on 12 May, and further video images were released by members of Congress who had been given access to them by BP.
During the spill response operations, at the request of the Coast Guard, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) implemented a temporary flight restriction zone over the operations area. Restrictions were to prevent civilian air traffic from interfering with aircraft assisting the response effort. All flights in the operations' area were prohibited except flight authorized by air traffic control; routine flights supporting offshore oil operations; federal, state, local and military flight operations supporting spill response; and air ambulance and law enforcement operations. Exceptions for these restrictions were granted on a case-by-case basis dependent on safety issues, operational requirements, weather conditions, and traffic volume. No flights, except aircraft conducting aerial chemical dispersing operations, or for landing and takeoff, were allowed below . Notwithstanding restrictions, there were 800 to 1,000 flights per day during the operations.
Local and federal authorities citing BP's authority denied access to members of the press attempting to document the spill from the air, from boats, and on the ground, blocking access to areas that were open to the public. In some cases photographers were granted access only with BP officials escorting them on BP-contracted boats and aircraft. In one example, the U.S. Coast Guard stopped Jean-Michel Cousteau's boat and allowed it to proceed only after the Coast Guard was assured that no journalists were on board. In another example, a CBS News crew was denied access to the oil-covered beaches of the spill area. The CBS crew was told by the authorities: "this is BP's rules, not ours," when trying to film the area. Some members of Congress criticized the restrictions placed on access by journalists.
The FAA denied that BP employees or contractors made decisions on flights and access, saying those decisions were made by the FAA and Coast Guard. The FAA acknowledged that media access was limited to hired planes or helicopters, but was arranged through the Coast Guard. The Coast Guard and BP denied having a policy of restricting journalists; they noted that members of the media had been embedded with the authorities and allowed to cover response efforts since the beginning of the effort, with more than 400 embeds aboard boats and aircraft to date. They also said that they wanted to provide access to the information while maintaining safety.
==Cleanup==
On 15 April 2014, BP claimed that cleanup along the coast was substantially complete, but the United States Coast Guard responded by stating that a lot of work remained. Using physical barriers such as floating booms, cleanup workers' objective was to keep the oil from spreading any further. They used skimmer boats to remove a majority of the oil and they used sorbents to absorb any remnant of oil like a sponge. Although that method did not remove the oil completely, chemicals called dispersants are used to hasten the oil's degradation to prevent the oil from doing further damage to the marine habitats below the surface water. For the Deep Horizon oil spill, cleanup workers used of various chemical dispersants to further breakdown the oil.
The State of Louisiana was funded by BP to do regular testing of fish, shellfish, water, and sand. Initial testing regularly showed detectable levels of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, a chemical used in the clean up. Testing over the past year reported by , for the pollutants tested have not produced results.
== Consequences ==
=== Environmental impact ===
The spill area hosts 8,332 species, including more than 1,270 fish, 604 polychaetes, 218 birds, 1,456 mollusks, 1,503 crustaceans, 4 sea turtles and 29 marine mammals. Between May and June 2010, the spill waters contained 40 times more polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) than before the spill. PAHs are often linked to oil spills and include carcinogens and chemicals that pose various health risks to humans and marine life. The PAHs were most concentrated near the Louisiana Coast, but levels also jumped 2–3 fold in areas off Alabama, Mississippi and Florida. PAHs can harm marine species directly and microbes used to consume the oil can reduce marine oxygen levels. The oil contained approximately 40% methane by weight, compared to about 5% found in typical oil deposits. Methane can potentially suffocate marine life and create "dead zones" where oxygen is depleted.
A 2014 study of the effects of the oil spill on bluefin tuna funded by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Stanford University, and the Monterey Bay Aquarium and published in the journal Science, found that the toxins from oil spills can cause irregular heartbeats leading to cardiac arrest. Calling the vicinity of the spill "one of the most productive ocean ecosystems in the world", the study found that even at very low concentrations "PAH cardiotoxicity was potentially a common form of injury among a broad range of species in the vicinity of the oil." Another peer-reviewed study, released in March 2014 and conducted by 17 scientists from the United States and Australia and published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, found that tuna and amberjack that were exposed to oil from the spill developed deformities of the heart and other organs that would be expected to be fatal or at least life-shortening.
The scientists said that their findings would most likely apply to other large predator fish and "even to humans, whose developing hearts are in many ways similar." BP responded that the concentrations of oil in the study were a level rarely seen in the Gulf, but The New York Times reported that the BP statement was contradicted by the study.
The oil dispersant Corexit, previously only used as a surface application, was released underwater in unprecedented amounts, with the intent of making it more easily biodegraded by naturally occurring microbes. Thus, oil that would normally rise to the surface of the water was emulsified into tiny droplets and remained suspended in the water and on the sea floor. The oil and dispersant mixture permeated the food chain through zooplankton. Signs of an oil-and-dispersant mix were found under the shells of tiny blue crab larvae. A study of insect populations in the coastal marshes affected by the spill also found a significant impact. Chemicals from the spill were found in migratory birds as far away as Minnesota. Pelican eggs contained "petroleum compounds and Corexit". Dispersant and PAHs from oil are believed to have caused "disturbing numbers" of mutated fish that scientists and commercial fishers saw in 2012, including 50% of shrimp found lacking eyes and eye sockets. Fish with oozing sores and lesions were first noted by fishermen in November 2010. Prior to the spill, approximately 0.1% of Gulf fish had lesions or sores. A report from the University of Florida said that many locations showed 20% of fish with lesions, while later estimates reached 50%. In October 2013, Al Jazeera reported that the gulf ecosystem was "in crisis", citing a decline in seafood catches, as well as deformities and lesions found in fish. According to J. Christopher Haney, Harold Geiger, and Jeffrey Short, three researchers with extensive experience in environmental monitoring and post-spill mortality assessments, over one million coastal birds died as a direct result of the Deepwater Horizon spill. These numbers, coupled with the National Audubon Society scientists' observations of bird colonies and bird mortality well after the acute phase, have led scientists to conclude that more than one million birds ultimately succumbed to the lethal effects of the Gulf oil spill.
In July 2010, it was reported that the spill was "already having a 'devastating' effect on marine life in the Gulf". Damage to the ocean floor especially endangered the Louisiana pancake batfish whose range is entirely contained within the spill-affected area. In March 2012, a definitive link was found between the death of a Gulf coral community and the spill. According to NOAA, a cetacean Unusual Mortality Event (UME) has been recognized since before the spill began, NOAA is investigating possible contributing factors to the ongoing UME from the Deepwater Horizon spill, with the possibility of eventual criminal charges being filed if the spill is shown to be connected. Some estimates are that only 2% of the carcasses of killed mammals have been recovered.
In the first birthing season for dolphins after the spill, dead baby dolphins washed up along Mississippi and Alabama shorelines at about 10 times the normal number. A peer-reviewed NOAA/BP study disclosed that nearly half the bottlenose dolphins tested in mid-2011 in Barataria Bay, a heavily oiled area, were in “guarded or worse” condition, "including 17 percent that were not expected to survive". BP officials deny that the disease conditions are related to the spill, saying that dolphin deaths actually began being reported before the BP oil spill. By 2013, over 650 dolphins had been found stranded in the oil spill area, a four-fold increase over the historical average. The National Wildlife Federation (NWF) reports that sea turtles, mostly endangered Kemp’s ridley sea turtles, have been stranding at a high rate. Before the spill there were an average of 100 strandings per year; since the spill the number has jumped to roughly 500.
NWF senior scientist Doug Inkley notes that the marine death rates are unprecedented and occurring high in the food chain, strongly suggesting there is "something amiss with the Gulf ecosystem". In December 2013, the journal Environmental Science & Technology published a study finding that of 32 dolphins briefly captured from 24-km stretch near southeastern Louisiana, half were seriously ill or dying. BP said the report was “inconclusive as to any causation associated with the spill”.
In 2012, tar balls continued to wash up along the Gulf coast and in 2013, tar balls could still be found in on the Mississippi and Louisiana coasts, along with oil sheens in marshes and signs of severe erosion of coastal islands, brought about by the death of trees and marsh grass from exposure to the oil. In 2013, former NASA physicist Bonny Schumaker noted a "dearth of marine life" in a radius around the well, after flying over the area numerous times since May 2010.
In 2013, researchers found that oil on the bottom of the seafloor did not seem to be degrading, and observed a phenomenon called a "dirty blizzard": oil in the water column began clumping around suspended sediments, and falling to the ocean floor in an "underwater rain of oily particles." The result could have long-term effects because oil could remain in the food chain for generations.
A 2014 bluefin tuna study in Science found that oil already broken down by wave action and chemical dispersants was more toxic than fresh oil. A 2015 study of the relative toxicity of oil and dispersants to coral also found that the dispersants were more toxic than the oil.
A 2015 study by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, published in PLOS ONE, links the sharp increase in dolphin deaths to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.
On 12 April 2016, a research team reported that 88 percent of about 360 baby or stillborn dolphins within the spill area "had abnormal or under-developed lungs", compared to 15 percent in other areas. The study was published in the April 2016 Diseases of Aquatic Organisms.
=== Health consequences ===
By June 2010, 143 spill-exposure cases had been reported to the Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals; 108 of those involved workers in the clean-up efforts, while 35 were reported by residents. Chemicals from the oil and dispersant are believed to be the cause; it is believed that the addition of dispersants made the oil more toxic.
The United States Department of Health and Human Services set up the GuLF Study in June 2010 in response to these reports. The study is run by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and will last at least five years.
Mike Robicheux, a Louisiana physician, described the situation as "the biggest public health crisis from a chemical poisoning in the history of this country." In July, after testing the blood of BP cleanup workers and residents in Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida for volatile organic compounds, environmental scientist Wilma Subra said she was "finding amounts 5 to 10 times in excess of the 95th percentile"; she said that "the presence of these chemicals in the blood indicates exposure." Riki Ott, a marine toxicologist with experience of the Exxon Valdez oil spill, advised families to evacuate the Gulf. She said that workers from the Valdez spill had suffered long-term health consequences.
Following the 26 May 2010 hospitalization of seven fishermen that were working in the cleanup crew, BP requested that the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health perform a Health Hazard Evaluation. This was to cover all offshore cleanup activities, BP later requested a second NIOSH investigation of onshore cleanup operations. Tests for chemical exposure in the seven fishermen were negative; NIOSH concluded that the hospitalizations were most likely a result of heat, fatigue, and terpenes that were being used to clean the decks. Review of 10 later hospitalizations found that heat exposure and dehydration were consistent findings but could not establish chemical exposure. NIOSH personnel performed air monitoring around cleanup workers at sea, on land, and during the application of Corexit. Air concentrations of volatile organic compounds and PAHs never exceeded permissible exposure levels. A limitation of their methodology was that some VOCs may have already evaporated from the oil before they began their investigation. In their report, they suggest the possibility that respiratory symptoms might have been caused by high levels of ozone or reactive aldehydes in the air, possibly produced from photochemical reactions in the oil. NIOSH did note that many of the personnel involved were not donning personal protective equipment (gloves and impermeable coveralls) as they had been instructed to and emphasized that this was important protection against transdermal absorption of chemicals from the oil. Heat stress was found to be the most pressing safety concern.
Workers reported that they were not allowed to use respirators, and that their jobs were threatened if they did. OSHA said "cleanup workers are receiving "minimal" exposure to airborne will require that BP provide certain protective clothing, but not respirators." ProPublica reported that workers were being photographed while working with no protective clothing. An independent investigation for Newsweek showed that BP did not hand out the legally required safety manual for use with Corexit, and were not provided with safety training or protective gear.
A 2012 survey of the health effects of the spill on cleanup workers reported "eye, nose and throat irritation; respiratory problems; blood in urine, vomit and rectal bleeding; seizures; nausea and violent vomiting episodes that last for hours; skin irritation, burning and lesions; short-term memory loss and confusion; liver and kidney damage; central nervous system effects and nervous system damage; hypertension; and miscarriages". Dr. James Diaz, writing for the American Journal of Disaster Medicine, said these ailments appearing in the Gulf reflected those reported after previous oil spills, like the Exxon Valdez. Diaz warned that "chronic adverse health effects, including cancers, liver and kidney disease, mental health disorders, birth defects and developmental disorders should be anticipated among sensitive populations and those most heavily exposed". Diaz also believes neurological disorders should be expected.
Two years after the spill, a study initiated by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health found biomarkers matching the oil from the spill in the bodies of cleanup workers. Other studies have reported a variety of mental health issues, skin problems, breathing issues, coughing, and headaches. In 2013, during the three-day "Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill & Ecosystem Science Conference", findings discussed included a '"significant percentage" of Gulf residents reporting mental health problems like anxiety, depression and PTSD. These studies also showed that the bodies of former spill cleanup workers carry biomarkers of "many chemicals contained in the oil".
A study that investigated the health effects among children in Louisiana and Florida living less than 10 miles from the coast found that more than a third of the parents reported physical or mental health symptoms among their children. The parents reported "unexplained symptoms among their children, including bleeding ears, nose bleeds, and the early start of menstruation among girls," according to David Abramson, director of Columbia University's National Center for Disaster Preparedness.
A cohort study of almost 2,200 Louisiana women found "high physical/environmental exposure was significantly associated with all 13 of the physical health symptoms surveyed, with the strongest associations for burning in nose, throat or lungs; sore throat; dizziness and wheezing. Women who suffered a high degree of economic disruption as a result of spill were significantly more likely to report wheezing; headaches; watery, burning, itchy eyes and stuffy, itchy, runny nose.
=== Economy ===
The spill had a strong economic impact to BP and also the Gulf Coast's economy sectors such as offshore drilling, fishing and tourism. Estimates of lost tourism dollars were projected to cost the Gulf coastal economy up to 22.7 billion through 2013. In addition, Louisiana reported that lost visitor spending through the end of 2010 totaled $32 million, and losses through 2013 were expected to total $153 million in this state alone. The Gulf of Mexico commercial fishing industry was estimated to have lost $247 million as a result of postspill fisheries closures. One study projects that the overall impact of lost or degraded commercial, recreational, and mariculture fisheries in the Gulf could be $8.7 billion by 2020, with a potential loss of 22,000 jobs over the same time frame. BP's expenditures on the spill included the cost of the spill response, containment, relief well drilling, grants to the Gulf states, claims paid, and federal costs, including fines and penalties. Due to the loss of the market value, BP had dropped from the second to the fourth largest of the four major oil companies by 2013. During the crisis, BP gas stations in the United States reported a sales drop of between 10 and 40% due to backlash against the company.
Local officials in Louisiana expressed concern that the offshore drilling moratorium imposed in response to the spill would further harm the economies of coastal communities as the oil industry directly or indirectly employs about 318,000 Louisiana residents (17% of all jobs in the state). NOAA had closed , or approximately 36% of Federal waters in the Gulf of Mexico, for commercial fishing causing $2.5 billion cost for the fishing industry. The U.S. Travel Association estimated that the economic impact of the oil spill on tourism across the Gulf Coast over a three-year period could exceed approximately $23 billion, in a region that supports over 400,000 travel industry jobs generating $34 billion in revenue annually.
=== Offshore drilling policies ===
On 30 April 2010, President Barack Obama ordered the federal government to hold the issuing of new offshore drilling leases and authorized the investigation of 29 oil rigs in the Gulf in an effort to determine the cause of the disaster. On 22 June, a United States federal judge on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana Martin Leach-Cross Feldman when ruling in the case Hornbeck Offshore Services LLC v. Salazar, lifted the moratorium finding it too broad, arbitrary and not adequately justified. The ban was lifted in October 2010.
On 28 April 2010, the National Energy Board of Canada, which regulates offshore drilling in the Canadian Arctic and along the British Columbia Coast, issued a letter to oil companies asking them to explain their argument against safety rules which require same-season relief wells. On 3 May California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger withdrew his support for a proposed plan to allow expanded offshore drilling projects in California. On 8 July, Florida Governor Charlie Crist called for a special session of the state legislature to draft an amendment to the state constitution banning offshore drilling in state waters, which the legislature rejected on 20 July.
In October 2011, the United States Department of the Interior's Minerals Management Service was dissolved after it was determined it had exercised poor oversight over the drilling industry. Three new agencies replaced it, separating the regulation, leasing, and revenue collection responsibilities respectively, among the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, and Office of Natural Resources Revenue.
In March 2014, BP was again allowed to bid for oil and gas leases.
== Reactions ==
=== U.S. reactions ===
On 30 April, President Obama dispatched the Secretaries of the Department of Interior and Homeland Security, as well as the EPA Administrator and NOAA to the Gulf Coast to assess the disaster. In his 15 June speech, Obama said, "This oil spill is the worst environmental disaster America has ever faced... Make no mistake: we will fight this spill with everything we've got for as long as it takes. We will make BP pay for the damage their company has caused. And we will do whatever's necessary to help the Gulf Coast and its people recover from this tragedy." Interior Secretary Ken Salazar stated, "Our job basically is to keep the boot on the neck of British Petroleum." Some observers suggested that the Obama administration was being overly aggressive in its criticisms, which some BP investors saw as an attempt to deflect criticism of his own handling of the crisis. Rand Paul accused President Obama of being anti-business and "un-American".
Public opinion polls in the U.S. were generally critical of the way President Obama and the federal government handled the disaster and they were extremely critical of BPs response. Across the US, thousands participated in dozens of protests at BP gas stations and other locations, reducing sales at some stations by 10% to 40%.
Industry claimed that disasters are infrequent and that this spill was an isolated incident and rejected claims of a loss of industry credibility. The American Petroleum Institute (API) stated that the offshore drilling industry is important to job creation and economic growth. CEOs from the top five oil companies all agreed to work harder at improving safety. API announced the creation of an offshore safety institute, separate from API's lobbying operation.
The Organization for International Investment, a Washington D.C.-based advocate for overseas investment in the United States, warned that the heated rhetoric was potentially damaging the reputation of British companies with operations in the United States and could spark a wave of U.S. protectionism that would restrict British firms from government contracts, political donations and lobbying.
In July 2010, President Obama issued an executive order, specifically citing the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, that adopted recommendations from the Interagency Ocean Policy Task Force and established the National Ocean Council. The council called together a number of federal committees and departments engaged in ocean issues to work with a newly established committee for conservation and resource management. In June 2018, the executive order establishing the National Ocean Council was revoked by President Trump in an effort to roll back bureaucracy and "benefit ocean industries employ millions of Americans."
=== United Kingdom reactions ===
In the UK, there was anger at the American press and news outlets for the misuse of the term "British Petroleum" for the company – a name which has not been used since British Petroleum merged with the American company Amoco in 1998 to form BP. It was said that the U.S. was 'dumping' the blame onto the British people and there were calls for British Prime Minister David Cameron to protect British interests in the United States. British pension fund managers (who have large holdings of BP shares and rely upon its dividends) accepted that while BP had to pay compensation for the spill and the environmental damage, they argued that the cost to the company's market value from President Obama's criticism was far outweighing the direct clean-up costs.
Initially, BP downplayed the incident; its CEO Tony Hayward called the amount of oil and dispersant "relatively tiny" in comparison with the "very big ocean." Later, he drew an outpouring of criticism when he said that the spill was a disruption to Gulf Coast residents and himself adding, "You know, I'd like my life back." BP's chief operating officer Doug Suttles contradicted the underwater plume discussion noting, "It may be down to how you define what a plume is here… The oil that has been found is in very minute quantities." In June, BP launched a PR campaign and successfully bid for several search terms related to the spill on Google and other search engines so that the first sponsored search result linked directly to the company's website. On 26 July 2010, it was announced that CEO Tony Hayward was to resign and would be replaced by Bob Dudley, who is an American citizen and previously worked for Amoco.
Hayward's involvement in Deepwater Horizon has left him a highly controversial public figure. In May 2013, he was honored as a "distinguished leader" by the University of Birmingham, but his award ceremony was stopped on multiple occasions by jeers and walk-outs and the focus of a protest from People & Planet members.
In July 2013, Hayward was awarded an honorary degree from Robert Gordon University. This was described as "a very serious error of judgement" by Friends of the Earth Scotland, and "a sick joke" by the university's Student President.
=== International reactions ===
The U.S. government rejected offers of cleanup help from Canada, Croatia, France, Germany, Ireland, Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, Romania, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United Nations.
The U.S. State Department listed 70 assistance offers from 23 countries, all being initially declined, but later, 8 had been accepted. The USCG actively requested skimming boats and equipment from several countries.
== Legal aspects and settlements ==
=== Investigations ===
In the United States the Deepwater Horizon investigation included several investigations and commissions, including reports by the USCG National Incident Commander, Admiral Thad Allen, the National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement (BOEMRE), National Academy of Engineering, National Research Council, Government Accountability Office, National Oil Spill Commission, and Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board. The Republic of the Marshall Islands Maritime Administrator conducted a separate investigation on the marine casualty. BP conducted its internal investigation.
An investigation of the possible causes of the explosion was launched on 22 April 2010 by the USCG and the Minerals Management Service. On 11 May the United States administration requested the National Academy of Engineering conduct an independent technical investigation. The National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling was established on 22 May to "consider the root causes of the disaster and offer options on safety and environmental precautions." The investigation by United States Attorney General Eric Holder was announced on 1 June 2010. Also the United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce conducted a number of hearings, including hearings of Tony Hayward and heads of Anadarko and Mitsui's exploration unit. According to the US Congressional investigation, the rig's blowout preventer, built by Cameron International Corporation, had a hydraulic leak and a failed battery, and therefore failed. The report found that on 20 April 2010, managers misread pressure data and gave their approval for rig workers to replace drilling fluid in the well with seawater, which was not heavy enough to prevent gas that had been leaking into the well from firing up the pipe to the rig, causing the explosion. The conclusion was that BP was partly to blame, as was Transocean, which owned the rig. Responding to the report, Transocean and Halliburton placed all blame on BP.
On 9 November 2010, a report by the Oil Spill Commission said that there had been "a rush to completion" on the well and criticised poor management decisions. "There was not a culture of safety on that rig," the co-chair said.
The National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling released a final report on 5 January 2011. The panel found that BP, Halliburton, and Transocean had attempted to work more cheaply and thus helped to trigger the explosion and ensuing leakage. The report stated that "whether purposeful or not, many of the decisions that BP, Halliburton, and Transocean made that increased the risk of the Macondo blowout clearly saved those companies significant time (and money)." BP released a statement in response to this, saying, that "even prior to the conclusion of the commission's investigation, BP instituted significant changes designed to further strengthen safety and risk management." Transocean, however, blamed BP for making the decisions before the actual explosion occurred and government officials for permitting those decisions. Halliburton stated that it was acting only upon the orders of BP when it injected the cement into the wall of the well. It criticized BP for its failure to run a cement bond log test. In the report, BP was accused of nine faults. One was that it had not used a diagnostic tool to test the strength of the cement. Another was ignoring a pressure test that had failed. Still another was for not plugging the pipe with cement. The study did not, however, place the blame on any one of these events. Rather, it concluded that "notwithstanding these inherent risks, the accident of April 20 was avoidable" and that "it resulted from clear mistakes made in the first instance by BP, Halliburton and Transocean, and by government officials who, relying too much on industry's assertions of the safety of their operations, failed to create and apply a program of regulatory oversight that would have properly minimized the risk of deepwater drilling." The panel also noted that the government regulators did not have sufficient knowledge or authority to notice these cost-cutting decisions.
On 23 March 2011, BOEMRE (former MMS) and the USCG published a forensic examination report on the blowout preventer, prepared by Det Norske Veritas. The report concluded that the primary cause of failure was that the blind shear rams failed to fully close and seal due to a portion of drill pipe buckling between the shearing blocks.
The US government report issued in September 2011 stated that BP is ultimately responsible for the spill, and that Halliburton and Transocean share some of the blame. The report states that the main cause was the defective cement job, and Halliburton, BP and Transocean were, in different ways, responsible for the accident. The report stated that, although the events leading to the sinking of Deepwater Horizon were set into motion by the failure to prevent a well blowout, the investigation revealed numerous systems deficiencies, and acts and omissions by Transocean and its Deepwater Horizon crew, that had an adverse impact on the ability to prevent or limit the magnitude of the disaster. The report also states that a central cause of the blowout was failure of a cement barrier allowing hydrocarbons to flow up the wellbore, through the riser and onto the rig, resulting in the blowout. The loss of life and the subsequent pollution of the Gulf of Mexico were the result of poor risk management, last‐minute changes to plans, failure to observe and respond to critical indicators, inadequate well control response, and insufficient emergency bridge response training by companies and individuals responsible for drilling at the Macondo well and for the operation of the drilling platform.
=== Spill response fund ===
On 16 June 2010, after BP executives met with President Obama, BP announced and established the Gulf Coast Claims Facility (GCCF), a $20 billion fund to settle claims arising from the Deepwater Horizon spill. This fund was set aside for natural resource damages, state and local response costs, and individual compensation, but could not be used for fines or penalties. Prior to establishing the GCCF, emergency compensation was paid by BP from an initial facility.
The GCCF was administrated by attorney Kenneth Feinberg. The facility began accepting claims on 23 August 2010. On 8 March 2012, after BP and a team of plaintiffs' attorneys agreed to a class-action settlement, a court-supervised administrator Patrick Juneau took over administration. Until this more than one million claims of 220,000 individual and business claimants were processed and more than $6.2 billion was paid out from the fund. 97% of payments were made to claimants in the Gulf States. In June 2012, the settlement of claims through the GCCF was replaced by the court supervised settlement program. During this transition period additional $404 million in claims were paid.
The GCCF and its administrator Feinberg had been criticized about the amount and speed of payments as well as a lack of transparency. An independent audit of the GCCF, announced by Attorney General Eric Holder, was approved by Senate on 21 October 2011. An auditor BDO Consulting found that 7,300 claimants were wrongly denied or underpaid. As a result, about $64 million of additional payments was made.
The Mississippi Center for Justice provided pro bono assistance to 10,000 people to help them "navigate the complex claims process." In a New York Times opinion piece, Stephen Teague, staff attorney at the Mississippi Center for Justice, argued that BP had become "increasingly brazen" in "stonewalling payments." "But tens of thousands of gulf residents still haven't been fully compensated for their losses, and many are struggling to make ends meet. Many low-wage workers in the fishing and service industries, for example, have been seeking compensation for lost wages and jobs for three years."
In July 2013, BP made a motion in court to freeze payments on tens of thousands of claims, arguing inter alia that a staff attorney from the Deepwater Horizon Court-Supervised Settlement Program, the program responsible for evaluating compensation claims, had improperly profited from claims filed by a New Orleans law firm. The attorney is said to have received portions of settlement claims for clients he referred to the firm. The federal judge assigned to the case, Judge Barbier, refused to halt the settlement program, saying he had not seen evidence of widespread fraud, adding that he was "offended by what he saw as attempts to smear the lawyer administering the claims."
=== Civil litigation and settlements ===
By 26 May 2010, over 130 lawsuits relating to the spill had been filed against one or more of BP, Transocean, Cameron International Corporation, and Halliburton Energy Services, although it was considered likely by observers that these would be combined into one court as a multidistrict litigation. On 21 April 2011, BP issued $40 billion worth of lawsuits against rig owner Transocean, cementer Halliburton and blowout preventer manufacturer Cameron. The oil firm alleged failed safety systems and irresponsible behaviour of contractors had led to the explosion, including claims that Halliburton failed to properly use modelling software to analyze safe drilling conditions. The firms deny the allegations.
On 2 March 2012, BP and plaintiffs agreed to settle their lawsuits. The deal would settle roughly 100,000 claims filled by individuals and businesses affected by the spill. On 13 August, BP asked US District Judge Carl Barbier to approve the settlement, saying its actions "did not constitute gross negligence or willful misconduct". On 13 January 2013, Judge Barbier approved a medical-benefits portion of BP's proposed $7.8 billion partial settlement. People living for at least 60 days along oil-impacted shores or involved in the clean-up who can document one or more specific health conditions caused by the oil or dispersants are eligible for benefits, as are those injured during clean-up. BP also agreed to spend $105 million over five years to set up a Gulf Coast health outreach program and pay for medical examinations. According to a group presenting the plaintiffs, the deal has no specific cap. BP says that it has $9.5 billion in assets set aside in a trust to pay the claims, and the settlement will not increase the $37.2 billion the company budgeted for spill-related expenses. BP originally expected to spend $7.8 billion. By October 2013 it had increased its projection to $9.2 billion, saying it could be "significantly higher."
On 31 August 2012, the US Department of Justice (DOJ) filed papers in federal court in New Orleans blaming BP for the Gulf oil spill, describing the spill as an example of "gross negligence and willful misconduct." In their statement the DOJ said that some of BP's arguments were "plainly misleading" and that the court should ignore BP's
argument that the Gulf region is "undergoing a robust recovery". BP rejected the charges saying "BP believes it was not grossly negligent and looks forward to presenting evidence on this issue at trial in January." The DOJ also said Transocean, the owner and operator of the Deepwater Horizon rig, was guilty of gross negligence as well.
On 14 November 2012, BP and the US Department of Justice reached a settlement. BP will pay $4.5 billion in fines and other payments, the largest of its kind in US history. In addition, the U.S. government temporarily banned BP from new federal contracts over its "lack of business integrity". The plea was accepted by Judge Sarah Vance of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana on 31 January 2013. The settlement includes payments of $2.394 billion to the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, $1.15 billion to the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund, $350 million to the National Academy of Sciences for oil spill prevention and response research, $100 million to the North America Wetland Conservation Fund, $6 million to General Treasury and $525 million to the Securities and Exchange Commission. Oil sector analysts at London-based investment bank Canaccord Genuity noted that a settlement along the lines disclosed would only be a partial resolution of the many claims against BP.
On 3 January 2013, the US Justice Department announced "Transocean Deepwater Inc. has agreed to plead guilty to violating the Clean Water Act and to pay a total of $1.4 billion in civil and criminal fines and penalties". $800 million goes to Gulf Coast restoration Trust Fund, $300 million to the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund, $150 million to the National Wild Turkey Federation and $150 million to the National Academy of Sciences. MOEX Offshore 2007 agreed to pay $45 million to the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund, $25 million to five Gulf state and $20 million to supplemental environmental projects.
On 25 July 2013, Halliburton pleaded guilty to destruction of critical evidence after the oil spill and said it would pay the maximum allowable fine of $200,000 and will be subject to three years of probation.
In January 2014, a panel of the U.S. Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals rejected an effort by BP to curb payment of what it described as "fictitious" and "absurd" claims to a settlement fund for businesses and persons affected by the oil spill. BP said administration of the 2012 settlement was marred by the fact that people without actual damages could file a claim. The court ruled that BP hadn't explained "how this court or the district court should identify or even discern the existence of 'claimants that have suffered no cognizable injury.'" The Court then went further, calling BP's position "nonsensical." The Supreme Court of the United States later refused to hear BP's appeal after victims and claimants, along with numerous Gulf coast area chambers of commerce, objected to the oil major's efforts to renege on the Settlement Agreement.
In September 2014, Halliburton agreed to settle a large percentage of legal claims against it by paying $1.1 billion into a trust by way of three installments over two years.
===Justice Department lawsuit===
BP and its partners in the oil well, Transocean and Halliburton, went on trial on February 25, 2013 in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana in New Orleans to determine payouts and fines under the Clean Water Act and the Natural Resources Damage Assessment. The plaintiffs included the U.S. Justice Department, Gulf states and private individuals. Tens of billions of dollars in liability and fines were at stake. A finding of gross negligence would result in a four-fold increase in the fines BP would have to pay for violating the federal Clean Water Act, and leave the company liable for punitive damages for private claims.
The trial's first phase was to determine the liability of BP, Transocean, Halliburton, and other companies, and if they acted with gross negligence and willful misconduct. The second phase scheduled in September 2013 focused on the flow rate of the oil and the third phase scheduled in 2014 was to consider damages. According to the plaintiffs' lawyers the major cause of an explosion was the mishandling of a rig safety test, while inadequate training of the staff, poor maintenance of the equipment and substandard cement were also mentioned as things leading to the disaster. According to The Wall Street Journal the U.S. government and Gulf Coast states had prepared an offer to BP for a $16 billion settlement. However, it was not clear if this deal had been officially proposed to BP and if BP has accepted it.
On 4 September 2014, U.S. District Judge Carl Barbier ruled BP was guilty of gross negligence and willful misconduct. He described BP's actions as "reckless." He said Transocean's and Halliburton's actions were "negligent." He apportioned 67% of the blame for the spill to BP, 30% to Transocean, and 3% to Halliburton. Fines would be apportioned commensurate with the degree of negligence of the parties, measured against the number of barrels of oil spilled. Under the Clean Water Act fines can be based on a cost per barrel of up to $4,300, at the discretion of the judge. The number of barrels was in dispute at the conclusion of the trial with BP arguing 2.5 million barrels were spilled over the 87 days the spill lasted, while the court contends 4.2 million barrels were spilled. BP issued a statement strongly disagreeing with the finding, and saying the court's decision would be appealed.
Barbier ruled that BP had acted with “conscious disregard of known risks" and rejected BP's assertion that other parties were equally responsible for the oil spill. His ruling stated that BP "employees took risks that led to the largest environmental disaster in U.S. history", that the company was "reckless", and determined that several crucial BP decisions were "primarily driven by a desire to save time and money, rather than ensuring that the well was secure." BP strongly disagreed with the ruling and filed an immediate appeal.
On 2 July 2015, BP, the U.S. Justice Department and five gulf states announced that the company agreed to pay a record settlement of $18.7 billion. To date BP's cost for the clean-up, environmental and economic damages and penalties has reached $54 billion.
=== Criminal charges ===
In addition to the private lawsuits and civil governmental actions, the federal government charged multiple companies and five individuals with federal crimes.
In the November 2012 resolution of the federal charges against it, BP agreed to plead guilty to 11 felony counts related to the deaths of the 11 workers and paid a $4 billion fine. Transocean's plead guilty to a misdemeanor charge as part of its $1.4 billion fine.
In April 2012, the Justice Department filed the first criminal charge against Kurt Mix, a BP engineer, for obstructing justice by deleting messages showing that BP knew the flow rate was three times higher than initial claims by the company, and knew that "Top Kill" was unlikely to succeed, but claimed otherwise. Three more BP employees were charged in November 2012. Site managers Donald Vidrine and Robert Kaluza were charged with manslaughter for acting negligently in their supervision of key safety tests performed on the rig prior to the explosion, and failure to alert onshore engineers of problems in the drilling operation. David Rainey, BP's former vice-president for exploration in the Gulf of Mexico, was charged with obstructing Congress by misrepresenting the rate that oil was flowing out of the well. Lastly, Anthony Badalamenti, a Halliburton manager, was charged with instructing two employees to delete data related to Halliburton's cementing job on the oil well.
None of the charges against individuals resulted in any prison time, and no charges were levied against upper level executives. Anthony Badalementi was sentenced to one year probation, Donald Vidrine paid a $50,000 fine and received 10 months probation, Kurt Mix received 6 months probation, and David Rainey and Robert Kaluza were acquitted.
== In popular culture ==
===Film and television===
In 2012, "We Just Decided To", the pilot of the HBO series The Newsroom, featured its characters covering the Deepwater Horizon story.
The 2015 film The Runner, directed by Austin Stark and starring Nicolas Cage, is a fictional story of a politician and his family set in the aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon disaster.
Deepwater Horizon is a 2016 film based on the explosion, directed by Peter Berg and starring Mark Wahlberg.
===Music===
In June 2010, comedy musician Steve Goodie wrote parody lyrics to The Doobie Brothers' hit song "Black Water" related to the BP oil spill. "Black Water " also had an accompanying video and was a Top Ten hit on the "Dr. Demento Show".
In 2011, Rise Against released a song titled "Help Is on the Way" on their album Endgame. The song is about the slow response time for aid to disaster-stricken areas, with lyrics that allude to the Macondo spill and Hurricane Katrina.
In 2012, the Dutch band Epica wrote a song titled "Deep Water Horizon" on their album Requiem for the Indifferent which highlighted humanities take on the effect we have on global warming inspired by the events of the oil spill.
== See also ==
Timeline of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill
List of industrial disasters
List of oil spills
Taylor oil spill
Offshore oil and gas in the US Gulf of Mexico
== References ==
== Further reading ==
== External links ==
– at
Deepwater Horizon Incident, Gulf of Mexico from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
official U.S. Government Web site, taking over content and functions from Deepwater Horizon Response site
Smithsonian's Ocean Portal
Science in a Time of Crisis: WHOI's response to the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill a multimedia presentation from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
"Approaches for Ecosystem Services Valuation for the Gulf of Mexico After the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: Interim Report by the National Academy of Sciences"
CDC – Oil Spill Response Resources – NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic
The Role of BP in the Deepwater Horizon Explosion and Oil Spill: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, Second Session, June 17, 2010
=== Lead state agency websites ===
Florida Department of Environmental Protection (DEP)
Mississippi DEQ
State of Florida Oil Spill Academic Task Force
=== News media ===
Full coverage from The New York Times
Full coverage from The Times-Picayune (New Orleans)
2015-04020 BP Gulf Oil Spill: 5 Years Later Indepth Report
Deepwater Horizon oil spill caused lasting damage, report says
BP Oil Spill, NPR
=== Interactive maps ===
Gulf Oil Spill Tracker interactive map and form for citizen reporting ()
Map and Estimates of the Oil Spilled (New York Times)
Where Oil Has Made Landfall (New York Times)
=== Images ===
Rig fire at Deepwater Horizon 4/21/10, video at CNN iReport
GOES-13 satellite images on the CIMSS Satellite Blog
Underwater Video Examines Multiple Leak Points Causing BP Oil Spill
The Big Fix. Documentary about the oil spill
=== Animations and graphics ===
Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill Interactive: Smithsonian Ocean Portal
BBC News – interactive animation to the disaster and blocking efforts
New York Times exploded view diagrams on the methods used to stop the oil spill
Graphic: Where the oil and gas went
OSHA produced blowout animation and technical explanation of cause of disaster
Oil platform disasters in the United States
Oil spills in the United States
Explosions in the United States
2010 controversies
2010 disasters in the United States
2010 industrial disasters
2010 in the environment
Oil spills in the Gulf of Mexico
Maritime incidents in 2010
Disasters in Louisiana
Obama administration controversies
BP
Transocean
Halliburton
Articles containing video clips
April 2010 events
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Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did with this edit to the page Gecko. Such edits constitute vandalism and are reverted. Please do not continue to make unconstructive edits to pages; use the sandbox for testing. Thank you. Wikieditor06 (talk)
Please do not vandalize pages, as you did with this edit to Eucalyptus. If you continue to do so, you will be blocked from editing. Until It Sleeps Wake me
This is your last warning. The next time you vandalize Wikipedia, as you did to Eucalyptus, you will be blocked from editing. Your edits have been automatically marked as vandalism and have been automatically reverted. The following is the log entry regarding this vandalism: Eucalyptus was changed by 203.188.218.74 (u) (t) deleting 46207 characters on 2009-06-30T23:28:25+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot (talk)
This is the only warning you will receive for your disruptive edits. If you vandalize Wikipedia again, you will be blocked from editing. Jarkeld (talk)
If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make any unconstructive edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant warnings.
in accordance with Wikipedia's blocking policy for . Please stop. You are welcome to make useful contributions after the block expires. If you believe this block is unjustified you may contest this block by adding the text below.
== August 2009 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to the page Tomato has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you. Kyle1278
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did with this edit to the page Water. Such edits constitute vandalism and are reverted. Please do not continue to make unconstructive edits to pages; use the sandbox for testing. Thank you. Tiderolls
Please do not vandalize pages, as you did with this edit to Water. If you continue to do so, you will be blocked from editing. Falcon8765 (talk)
This is your last warning. You will be blocked from editing the next time you vandalize a page, as you did with this edit to Ice. Falcon8765 (talk)
Your recent edit to Earth's atmosphere (diff) was reverted by an automated bot. The edit was identified as adding vandalism, or link spam to the page or having an inappropriate edit summary. If you want to experiment, please use the preview button while editing or consider using the sandbox. If you made an edit that removed a large amount of content, try doing smaller edits instead. Thanks! (Report bot mistakes here) // VoABot II (talk)
== October 2009 ==
Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, you will be blocked from editing. Oneiros (talk)
If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.
Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at John Williams, you will be blocked from editing. Postoak (talk)
If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make any unconstructive edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant warnings.
== November 2009 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to the page Gobi Desert has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you. .
Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Four Temperaments, you will be blocked from editing. A8UDI
If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.
This is your last warning. You will be blocked from editing the next time you vandalize a page, as you did with this edit to Four Temperaments. Geoff Say something!
Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit that you made to the page Eleanor has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Please use the sandbox for testing any edits; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing for further information. Thank you. Tim Song II (talk) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Tim Song II (talk • contribs)
== February 2010 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. The project's content policies require that all articles be written from a neutral point of view, and not introduce bias or give undue weight to viewpoints. Please bear this in mind when making edits such as your recent edit to Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you. Shirik (Questions or Comments?)
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did with this edit to the page Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Such edits constitute vandalism and are reverted. Please do not continue to make unconstructive edits to pages; use the sandbox for testing. Thank you. Alansohn (talk)
Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Jurassic Park (franchise), you will be blocked from editing. GSK (talk ● evidence)
If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make any unconstructive edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant warnings.
Please stop. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did to History of the automobile, you will be blocked from editing. TREKphiler any time you're ready, Uhura
Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit that you made to the page Holden 48-215 has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Please use the sandbox for testing any edits; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing for further information. Thank you. Funnyfarmofdoom (talk)
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did with this edit to the page Buck Danny. Such edits constitute vandalism and are reverted. Please do not continue to make unconstructive edits to pages; use the sandbox for testing. Thank you. Funnyfarmofdoom (talk)
Please do not vandalize pages, as you did with this edit to Holden 48-215. If you continue to do so, you will be blocked from editing. Funnyfarmofdoom (talk)
This is your last warning. You will be blocked from editing the next time you vandalize a page, as you did with this edit to JK. Funnyfarmofdoom (talk)
== February 2011 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Sunbeam Products, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by ClueBot NG.
Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism.
ClueBot NG produces very few false positives, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been detected as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again.
The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Sunbeam Products was changed by 203.188.218.74 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.959014 on 2011-02-21T00:46:20+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Fibro. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been automatically reverted.
If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism.
ClueBot NG produces very few false positives, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been detected as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again.
The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Fibro was changed by 203.188.218.74 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.863023 on 2011-02-21T00:53:08+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)
Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Fibro, you may be blocked from editing. Bsadowski1
This is your last warning. You will be blocked from editing the next time you vandalize a page, as you did with this edit to Sunbeam Products. Kevinmon•talk•trib
You have been blocked from editing for a period of 1 year for persistent vandalism. Once the block has expired, you are welcome to make useful contributions. If you would like to be unblocked, you may appeal this block by adding the text , but you should read the guide to appealing blocks first. Tom N (tcncv) talk/contrib
== February 2012 ==
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Korn, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by an automated computer program called ClueBot NG.
Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism.
ClueBot NG makes very few mistakes, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been considered as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again.
If you need help, please see our help pages, and if you can't find what you are looking for there, please feel free to place "" on your talk page and someone will drop by to help.
The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Korn was changed by 203.188.218.74 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.948084 on 2012-02-24T04:01:27+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)
== February 2012 ==
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Korn, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by an automated computer program called ClueBot NG.
Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism.
ClueBot NG makes very few mistakes, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been considered as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again.
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The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Korn was changed by 203.188.218.74 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.950936 on 2012-02-29T01:26:01+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Korn with this edit. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. →Στc.
Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did to Korn with this edit, you may be blocked from editing. →Στc.
== March 2012 ==
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Sedimentation, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by an automated computer program called ClueBot NG.
Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism.
ClueBot NG makes very few mistakes, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been considered as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again.
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The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Sedimentation was changed by 203.188.218.74 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.952232 on 2012-03-06T00:25:27+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Chromatography. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been automatically reverted.
If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism.
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The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Chromatography was changed by 203.188.218.74 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.952779 on 2012-03-06T00:44:16+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)
== July 2013 ==
Hello, I'm DouglasCalvert. I wanted to let you know that I undid one or more of your recent contributions to Rio Vista, California because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, you can use the sandbox. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks! DouglasCalvert (talk)
If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.
Please refrain from making nonconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Mathew Ryan with this edit. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. みんな空の下 (トーク)
Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Johannes Vermeer, you may be blocked from editing. Widr (talk)
If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.
This is your last warning. The next time you vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Johannes Vermeer, you may be blocked from editing without further notice. Widr (talk)
If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.
== August 2013 ==
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Paul Cézanne. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. freshacconci talk to me
If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.
Please do not add unsourced or original content. Doing so violates Wikipedia's verifiability policy. If you continue to do so, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. Mark Arsten (talk)
This is your last warning. You may be blocked from editing without further warning the next time you vandalize a page, as you did with this edit to Thursday Island, Queensland. Mark Arsten (talk) | 567,625,482 | 2013-08-08T02:56:26 | 203.188.218.74 | 2,019 |
31,459,985 | James Ranelagh Ponsonby Parsons (ca. 1839 – 9 August 1905) was a South Australian educator.
Parsons was born in Ireland, the son of Henry Parsons of Trim, County Meath. In 1848 he accompanied his parents to Tasmania, where he spent his early years. In 1875, he moved to South Australia, where he held positions on the teaching staffs of Moonta school, and in Adelaide, St Peter's College, Mr. J. L. Young's Adelaide Educational Institution (in Parkside), principal of Adelaide High School, in 1880 and from 1882, Frederick Caterer's Glenelg Grammar School, (in Glenelg). He then founded the Collegiate School in Broadstairs Street, Glenelg.
He was an active churchman and for many years a lay reader, conducting services at St. Jude's, Brighton when it was without a permanent minister. His brother, Samuel Parsons, was incumbent of All Saints' and Canon of St David's, Hobart.
Parsons married Sarah Cole Parsons (died 1 October 1913). Their eldest daughter, Emmeline Rutherford Parsons was married in 1895. Another daughter, Rachel Cole Ponsonby Parsons, died in 1939.
Parsons died at the age of 66 years at his residence in Glenelg, after a long illness, leaving a widow and a grown-up family.
==References==
People educated at Adelaide Educational Institution
Australian educators
Australian educational theorists
1905 deaths
Year of birth uncertain
Anglican lay readers
Australian Anglicans | 930,484,671 | 2019-12-12T20:31:07 | James R. Parsons | 2,019 |
10,352,352 | ==Untitled==
Source of membership into hte Kappa Sigma Fraternity?
== External links modified ==
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just modified one external link on Robert Evander McNair. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
Added archive to
When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.
Cheers.—InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) | 819,042,344 | 2018-01-07T02:19:33 | Robert Evander McNair | 2,019 |
1,239,709 | GCI may refer to:
==Education==
Galt Collegiate Institute, in Cambridge, Ontario, Canada
Glebe Collegiate Institute, in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Global Change Institute, at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Global Cinematography Institute, in Los Angeles, California, United States
Global College International, in Kathmandu, Nepal
Government College Ikorodu, in Lagos State, Nigeria
== Environmentalism ==
Glen Canyon Institute, in Utah, United States
Global Commons Institute, a British climate change campaign
Green Cross International, an International environmental organization
Green Campus Initiative (UCT), a student organization at the University of Cape Town
==Science, medicine and technology==
GCI (company), an American telecommunications company
Gaussian correlation inequality
Generalized conversational implicature
Geomagnetically induced current
Glial cytoplasmic inclusions, a type of abnormal protein deposit in the brain
Google Code-in, an annual programming contest
Ground-controlled interception
==Transportation==
Guernsey Airport, in the Channel Islands
GCI railcar
==Other uses==
International Conference on the Situation in Venezuela (Spanish: Grupo de Contacto Internacional)
First Geneva Convention
Gannett Company, an American newspaper publisher
Getty Conservation Institute, an American art conservation organization
Global Competitiveness Index
Grace Communion International, a Christian denomination
Grassroots Campaigns, Inc., an American political consulting organization
Great Coasters International, an American roller coaster builder
Great Commission International, an American religious organization | 914,640,948 | 2019-09-08T15:04:28 | GCI | 2,019 |
55,642,429 | == Facebook and fan page lines ==
Hi, my name is Yworo. I'd like to make you aware of several policies:
All external links must be in the external links section
We normally do not link to "fan pages", see FANSITE
We normally do not even link to a subject's official Facebook page, unless it is their primary web presence, see ELPEREN.
Thank you for observing these guidelines in the future and making additions such as you made to Muhammed Zafar Iqbal. Such additions are not encyclopedic and will be removed. Thank you. Yworo (talk)
== Invitation to Join the WikiProject Bangladesh Premier League! ==
== Welcome to the IEG Committee ==
Hi Nhasive,
Thanks for signing up to join the Individual Engagement Grants Committee! It is my pleasure to confirm your membership. We've got a lot to accomplish together, particularly during the next 2 months, and it will be awesome to have your help. Here is how to get started:
To make your membership official, please do 2 things by Tuesday April 2:
Introduce yourself in the IdeaLab.
Send your email address and preferred username to , so that we can subscribe you to the committee mailing list and get you setup on the committee's internal wiki.
Then there are 3 first tasks for active committee members to start on right away:
Read the information in the Committee Workroom (your committee organizing hub on meta), beginning with the getting started guide for new members.
Join a working group.
Start giving feedback on open ideas, drafts and proposals. Asking questions to gather information you’ll need to make a recommendation helps prospective grantees think their projects all the way through, and will give us more great proposals to choose from.
Our formal review of proposals starts on 21 April. I’ll be posting information about scoring and selection of proposals on the committee mailing list and in the Workroom soon, so please keep an eye there!
Thanks again for joining us to help make impactful IEGrants :-) Siko (WMF) (talk)
== Wikimania 2014 ==
Hi Nhasive!
My name is Victor and I'm a storyteller and video producer for the Wikimedia Foundation. I'll be looking to capture stories about Wikimedians at Wikimania in London in a week. Here is an example of the kind of thing that I'm aiming to do. I saw that you're attending Wikimania and I was wondering if you might have some time to talk about your work on Wikimedia projects. Anyway let me know if you are interested, I'll be at Wikimania from the 6th-10th of August and would need maybe 30 minutes of your time. I can answer any questions you may have. I’m best reached at vgrigas(at)
Thanks!
Vgrigas (talk)
== September 2014 ==
=== Copying text within WIkipedia ===
Thank you for your contributions to Wikipedia. It appears that you copied or moved text from Bangladesh Liberation War into another page. While you are welcome to re-use Wikipedia's content, here or elsewhere, Wikipedia's licensing does require that you provide attribution to the original contributor(s). When copying within Wikipedia, this is supplied at minimum in an edit summary at the page into which you've copied content. It is good practice, especially if copying is extensive, to also place a properly formatted template on the talk pages of the source and destination. If you have copied material between pages before, even if it was a long time ago, please provide attribution for that duplication. You can read more about the procedure and the reasons at Copying within Wikipedia. Thank you.
International recognition of Bangladesh is the page you copied the text to.
== Thank you for taking part in the Community Health learning campaign! ==
Hi Hasive,
I wanted to share back with you the drawing you contributed to the community health mural we hosted in Mexico City. Thanks for taking part! The campaign is going on until Sunday this weekend, and users are still very active answering some questions related to community health. We would love to see your views there, as well!
Happy editing! María (WMF) (talk)
== ArbCom elections are now open! ==
Hi,
You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk)
== ArbCom Elections 2016: Voting now open! ==
==Merry Christmas==
Hello Hasive: Enjoy the holiday season and winter solstice if it's occurring in your area of the world, and thanks for your work to maintain, improve and expand Wikipedia. Cheers, CAPTAIN RAJU (✉)
== Speedy deletion nomination of Rony Riad Rashid ==
Hello Hasive,
I wanted to let you know that I just tagged Rony Riad Rashid for deletion, because the article doesn't clearly say why the subject is important enough to be included in an encyclopedia.
If you feel that the article shouldn't be deleted and want more time to work on it, you can Riad Rashid}}&action=edit§ion=new&preload=Template:Hangon_preload&preloadtitle=This+page+should+not+be+speedy+deleted+because...+ contest this deletion, but please don't remove the speedy deletion tag from the top.
You can leave a note on my talk page if you have questions.
Onel5969 TT me
==Speedy deletion nomination of Foundation for Research on Educational Planning and Development==
A tag has been placed on Foundation for Research on Educational Planning and Development requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G12 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page appears to be an unambiguous copyright infringement. This page appears to be a direct copy from For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material, and as a consequence, your addition will most likely be deleted. You may use external websites or other printed material as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences. This part is crucial: say it in your own words. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously and persistent violators will be blocked from editing.
If the external website or image belongs to you, and you want to allow Wikipedia to use the text or image — which means allowing other people to modify it — then you must verify that externally by one of the processes explained at Donating copyrighted materials. If you are not the owner of the external website or image but have permission from that owner, see Requesting copyright permission. You might want to look at Wikipedia's policies and guidelines for more details, or ask a question here.
If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. /wiae /tlk
==Happy Birthday==
CAPTAIN RAJU (✉)
==Disambiguation link notification for May 5==
Hi. Thank you for your recent edits. Wikipedia appreciates your help. We noticed though that when you edited Bir Uttom, you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page Sultan Mahmud. Such links are almost always unintended, since a disambiguation page is merely a list of "Did you mean..." article titles. Read the FAQ Join us at the DPL WikiProject.
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==Disambiguation link notification for May 12==
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==May 2017==
Please refrain from making test edits in Wikipedia pages, such as those you made to Abu Taher Mohammad Haider, even if you intend to fix them later. Your edits have been reverted. If you would like to experiment again, please use the sandbox. Thank you. Dl2000 (talk)
==Speedy deletion nomination of Haripada Kapali==
A tag has been placed on Haripada Kapali requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G12 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page appears to be an unambiguous copyright infringement. This page appears to be a direct copy from For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images taken from other web sites or printed material, and as a consequence, your addition will most likely be deleted. You may use external websites or other printed material as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences. This part is crucial: say it in your own words. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously and persistent violators will be blocked from editing.
If the external website or image belongs to you, and you want to allow Wikipedia to use the text or image — which means allowing other people to use it for any reason — then you must verify that externally by one of the processes explained at Donating copyrighted materials. The same holds if you are not the owner but have their permission. If you are not the owner and do not have permission, see Requesting copyright permission for how you may obtain it. You might want to look at Wikipedia's copyright policy for more details, or ask a question here.
If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Cordless Larry (talk)
== Ways to improve Sonia Bashir Kabir ==
Hi, I'm Sulfurboy. Hasive, thanks for creating Sonia Bashir Kabir!
I've just tagged the page, using our page curation tools, as having some issues to fix. .
The tags can be removed by you or another editor once the issues they mention are addressed. If you have questions, you can leave a comment on my talk page. Or, for more editing help, talk to the volunteers at the Teahouse.
Sulfurboy (talk)
==Speedy deletion nomination of Sadeka Halim==
A tag has been placed on Sadeka Halim requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G12 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page appears to be an unambiguous copyright infringement. This page appears to be a direct copy from /uploads/SADEKA_HALIM.pdf. For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images taken from other web sites or printed material, and as a consequence, your addition will most likely be deleted. You may use external websites or other printed material as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences. This part is crucial: say it in your own words. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously and persistent violators will be blocked from editing.
If the external website or image belongs to you, and you want to allow Wikipedia to use the text or image — which means allowing other people to use it for any reason — then you must verify that externally by one of the processes explained at Donating copyrighted materials. The same holds if you are not the owner but have their permission. If you are not the owner and do not have permission, see Requesting copyright permission for how you may obtain it. You might want to look at Wikipedia's copyright policy for more details, or ask a question here.
If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. 207.29.44.2 (talk)
== Ways to improve Sadeka Halim ==
Hi, I'm Kudpung. Hasive, thanks for creating Sadeka Halim!
I've just tagged the page, using our page curation tools, as having some issues to fix. Please correct the grammar errors
The tags can be removed by you or another editor once the issues they mention are addressed. If you have questions, you can leave a comment on my talk page. Or, for more editing help, talk to the volunteers at the Teahouse.
Kudpung กุดผึ้ง (talk)
== October 2017 ==
Your addition to Bangladesh Association of Software and Information Services has been removed, as it appears to have added copyrighted material to Wikipedia without evidence of permission from the copyright holder. If you are the copyright holder, please read Donating copyrighted materials for more information on uploading your material to Wikipedia. For legal reasons, Wikipedia cannot accept copyrighted material, including text or images from print publications or from other websites, without an appropriate and verifiable license. All such contributions will be deleted. You may use external websites or publications as a source of information, but not as a source of content, such as sentences or images—you must write using your own words. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously and persistent violators will be blocked from editing. This is your final warning. Further copyright violations will result in you being blocked from editing. — Diannaa 🍁 (talk)
==Invitation to join Women in Red==
Hi there, Hasive. I'm glad to see you responded so quickly and have become a member of WiR. Your long-standing experience with Wikipedia and your interest in covering the biographies of women from Bangladesh will be a great asset to our project. If ever you run into any difficulties, please let me know. You are of course also welcome to converse with us all on the WiR talk page.
==Welcome to The Wikipedia Adventure!==
:::Hi Hasive! We're so happy you wanted to play to learn, as a friendly and fun way to get into our community and mission. I think these links might be helpful to you as you get started.
::::* The Wikipedia Adventure Start Page
::::* The Wikipedia Adventure Lounge
::::* The Teahouse new editor help space
::::* Wikipedia Help pages
== November editathons from Women in Red: Join us! ==
-Megalibrarygirl (talk) via MassMessaging
== COPYVIO ==
Please stop adding "free to read" links right now or I will have to block you. Drmies (talk)
Too many of the ones I saw you add are seriously questionable. , your attention is appreciated. Drmies (talk)
Hasive, we can't link to websites that are violating the creator's copyright. Linking to websites that display copyrighted works is only okay if the website's operator is the copyright holder of the content. Knowingly directing others to a site that violates copyright may be considered contributory infringement. Please stop adding such links, or you will be blocked from editing. — Diannaa 🍁 (talk)
Hi Drmies, I'm not sure how I violate the CopyVio as last day I use OAbot for edits! Anyway, thanks for message. Diannaa As your last message hope you check now I'm trying to edit without copyvio. Thanks!
:Hasive, I don't know anything about that bot and what it does, but I noted two websites on Diannaa's talk page whose status is doubtful. If a website does not have a clear license to host information that is copyrighted, you can't link to it. Drmies (talk)
::Drmies, I understand. This is happening because of the OABot! Anyway thanks again.
== Copyright problem on NityaPurana (play) ==
Plot descriptions cannot be copied from other sources, including official sources and IMDb, unless these can be verified to be public domain or licensed compatibly with Wikipedia. They must be written in original language to comply with Wikipedia's copyright policy. I see I already gave you a final warning for copyright violations at the beginning of October, but I am going to give you one more chance. Further copyright violations will result in you being blocked from editing. Please be aware that I am checking all your contributions daily for this reason. — Diannaa 🍁 (talk)
Hi Diannaa, Thank you! I'm aware of it for your last comment. But mistakenly this is happening in NityaPurana (play) article as this is just a single line. Anyway, I'll more careful in next.
==Your recent edits==
Hello, I'm 49.49.235.246. I wanted to let you know that one or more of your recent contributions to Wakar Hasan (Bir Protik) have been undone because they did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you think a mistake was made, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks. 49.49.235.246 (talk)
==WiR December highlights==
== Administrators' newsletter – December 2017 ==
News and updates for administrators from the past month (November 2017).
Administrator changes
Joe Roe
JzG
Ericorbit • Perceval • Thingg • Tristanb • Violetriga
Guideline and policy news
Technical news
Arbitration
Miscellaneous
== ArbCom 2017 election voter message ==
== New Year's resolution: Write more articles for Women in Red! ==
== Administrators' newsletter – January 2018 ==
News and updates for administrators from the past month (December 2017).
Administrator changes
Muboshgu
Anetode • Laser brain • Worm That Turned
None
Bureaucrat changes
Worm That Turned
Guideline and policy news
Technical news
Arbitration
== Feburary 2018 at Women in Red ==
== Administrators' newsletter – February 2018 ==
News and updates for administrators from the past month (January 2018).
Administrator changes
None
Blurpeace • Dana boomer • Deltabeignet • Denelson83 • Grandiose • Salvidrim! • Ymblanter
Guideline and policy news
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Arbitration
== Women's History Month 2018 at Women in Red ==
== Administrators' newsletter – March 2018 ==
News and updates for administrators from the past month (February 2018).
Administrator changes
Lourdes
AngelOfSadness • Bhadani • Chris 73 • Coren • Friday • Midom • Mike V
Guideline and policy news
Technical news
Miscellaneous
Obituaries
== Ways to improve Wakar Hasan (Bir Protik) ==
Hi, I'm Cwmhiraeth. Hasive, thanks for creating Wakar Hasan (Bir Protik)!
I've just tagged the page, using our page curation tools, as having some issues to fix. The section on the Liberation war is confusing.
The tags can be removed by you or another editor once the issues they mention are addressed. If you have questions, you can leave a comment on my talk page. Or, for more editing help, talk to the volunteers at the Teahouse.
Cwmhiraeth (talk)
== Proposed deletion of K M Mozibul Hoque ==
Hello, Hasive. I wanted to let you know that I’m proposing an article that you started, K M Mozibul Hoque, for deletion because it's a biography of a living person that lacks references. If you don't want K M Mozibul Hoque to be deleted, please add a reference to the article.
If you don't understand this message, you can leave a note on my talk page.
Thanks,
Vermont | reply here
== April 2018 at Women in Red ==
== Administrators' newsletter – April 2018 ==
News and updates for administrators from the past month (March 2018).
Administrator changes
331dot • Cordless Larry • ClueBot NG
Gogo Dodo • Pb30 • Sebastiankessel • Seicer • SoLando
Guideline and policy news
Technical news
Arbitration
Miscellaneous
==Discussion at WikiProject Bangladesh#Placename changes and Wikipedia policy ==
You are invited to join the discussion at WikiProject Bangladesh#Placename changes and Wikipedia policy . Worldbruce (talk)
== Issuing level 1 warning about removing AfD template from articles before the discussion is complete. (Peachy 2.0 (alpha 8)) ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Please do not remove Articles for deletion notices from articles, or remove other people's comments in Articles for deletion debates, as you did with . Otherwise, it may be difficult to create consensus. If you oppose the deletion of an article, please comment at the respective page instead. This is an automated message from a bot about , where you removed the deletion template from an article before the deletion discussion was complete. If this message is in error, please report it.—cyberbot ITalk to my owner:Online
== Image without license ==
===Unspecified source/license for Computer Jagat magazine ===
Thanks for uploading Computer Jagat magazine . The image has been identified as not specifying the copyright status of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. Even if you created the image yourself, you still need to release it so Wikipedia can use it. If you don't indicate the copyright status of the image on the image's description page, using an appropriate copyright tag, it may be deleted some time after the next seven days. If you made this image yourself, you can use copyright tags like (to release all rights), (to require that you be credited), or any tag here - just go to the image, click edit, and add one of those. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided copyright information for them as well.
For more information on using images, see the following pages:
Image use policy
Image copyright tags
This is an automated notice by MifterBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. NOTE: Once you correct this, please remove the tag from the image's page.
==Non-free rationale for File:Computer Jagat magazine ==
Thanks for uploading or contributing to Computer Jagat magazine . I notice the file page specifies that the file is being used under non-free content criteria, but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia is acceptable. Please go to the file description page, and edit it to include a non-free rationale.
If you have uploaded other non-free media, consider checking that you have specified the non-free rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'file' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described in section F6 of the criteria for speedy deletion. If the file is already gone, you can still make a request for undeletion and ask for a chance to fix the problem. If you have any questions, please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Randykitty (talk)
== File:Computer Jagat magazine listed for discussion ==
A file that you uploaded or altered, Computer Jagat magazine , has been listed at Files for discussion. Please see the discussion to see why it has been listed (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry). Feel free to add your opinion on the matter below the nomination. Thank you. Randykitty (talk)
== May 2018 at Women in Red ==
== Administrators' newsletter – May 2018 ==
News and updates for administrators from the past month (April 2018).
Administrator changes
None
Chochopk • Coffee • Gryffindor • Jimp • Knowledge Seeker • Lankiveil • Peridon • Rjd0060
Guideline and policy news
Technical news
Arbitration
Obituaries
== Nomination of Himel Ashraf for deletion ==
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Himel Ashraf is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.
The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Himel Ashraf until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.
Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Saqib (talk)
== Nomination of Pantho Rahaman for deletion ==
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Pantho Rahaman is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.
The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Pantho Rahaman until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.
Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Saqib (talk)
== Proposed deletion of Priyotoma ==
The article Priyotoma has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern:
TOOSOON - no evidence film has started principal photography.
While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.
You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.
Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. ... discospinster talk
== Nomination of Nader Chowdhury for deletion ==
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Nader Chowdhury is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.
The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Nader Chowdhury until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.
Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Saqib (talk)
== Nomination of Muhammad Khan (journalist) for deletion ==
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Muhammad Khan (journalist) is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.
The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Muhammad Khan (journalist) until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.
Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Saqib (talk)
== Nomination of Mahmudul Hasan Raju for deletion ==
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Mahmudul Hasan Raju is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.
The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Mahmudul Hasan Raju until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.
Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Saqib (talk)
== Nomination of National Information and Communication Technology Awards for deletion ==
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article National Information and Communication Technology Awards is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.
The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/National Information and Communication Technology Awards until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.
Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Saqib (talk)
== Your submission at Articles for creation: Siam Ahmed (May 28) ==
Your recent article submission to Articles for Creation has been reviewed! Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time. The reason left by Tazerdadog was:
The comment the reviewer left was:
Please check the submission for any additional comments left by the reviewer. You are encouraged to edit the submission to address the issues raised and resubmit when they have been resolved.
If you would like to continue working on the submission, go to Siam Ahmed and click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window.
If you now believe the draft cannot meet Wikipedia's standards or do not wish to progress it further, you may request deletion. Please go to Siam Ahmed, click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window, add "" at the top of the draft text and click the blue "publish changes" button to save this edit.
If you need any assistance, you can ask for help at the or on the .
You can also use Wikipedia's real-time chat help from experienced editors.
Tazerdadog (talk)
Wikipedians who have received a Teahouse invitation through AfC
== Nomination of Computer Jagat (magazine) for deletion ==
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Computer Jagat (magazine) is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.
The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Computer Jagat (magazine) until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.
Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. ~Moheen (keep talking)
== Women in Red June Editathons ==
== Administrators' newsletter – June 2018 ==
News and updates for administrators from the past month (May 2018).
Administrator changes
None
Al Ameer son • AliveFreeHappy • Cenarium • Lupo • MichaelBillington
Guideline and policy news
Technical news
Arbitration
Miscellaneous
==Speedy deletion nomination of Bezhan Zafarmal==
A tag has been placed on Bezhan Zafarmal requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a band or musician that does not credibly indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please read more about what is generally accepted as notable.
If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, then please contact the . reddogsix (talk)
==Non-free rationale for File:Khalid Hasan ==
Thanks for uploading or contributing to Khalid Hasan . I notice the file page specifies that the file is being used under non-free content criteria, but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia is acceptable. Please go to the file description page, and edit it to include a non-free rationale.
If you have uploaded other non-free media, consider checking that you have specified the non-free rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'file' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described in section F6 of the criteria for speedy deletion. If the file is already gone, you can still make a request for undeletion and ask for a chance to fix the problem. If you have any questions, please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. ShakespeareFan00 (talk)
== Invitation to participate in study ==
Hello,
I am E. Whittaker, an intern at Wikimedia with the Scoring Team to create a labeled dataset, and potentially a tool, to help editors deal with incivility when they encounter it on talk pages. A full write-up of the study can be found here: Civil_Behavior_Interviews.
We are currently recruiting editors to be interviewed about their experiences with incivility on talk pages. Would you be interested in being interviewed? I am contacting you because of your involvement in Wikipedia’s Women in Red project. The interviews should take ~1 hour, and will be conducted over BlueJeans (which does allow interviews to be recorded). If, so, please email me at ewhit@ in order to schedule an interview.
Thank you Ewitch51 (talk)
Hi , I'm happy to talk. NC Hasive • talk •
==Talkback==
North America1000
==Talkback==
I added additional replies on my talk page, in case you haven't seen them. North America1000
==Talkback==
Article has been restored and the deletion discussion re-opened. North America1000
== Ways to improve Mumtaz Alia Akbari ==
Hi, I'm Abishe. Hasive, thanks for creating Mumtaz Alia Akbari!
I've just tagged the page, using our page curation tools, as having some issues to fix. Thanks for creating women biographies like these. It is a bit encouragement to counter the gender bias in English Wikipedia.
The tags can be removed by you or another editor once the issues they mention are addressed. If you have questions, you can leave a comment on my talk page. Or, for more editing help, talk to the volunteers at the Teahouse.
Abishe (talk)
== July 2018 at Women in Red ==
== Proposed deletion of Mumtaz Alia Akbari ==
The article Mumtaz Alia Akbari has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern:
Non-notable individual.
While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.
You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.
Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Sportsfan 1234 (talk)
== Administrators' newsletter – July 2018 ==
News and updates for administrators from the past month (June 2018).
Administrator changes
Pbsouthwood • TheSandDoctor
Gogo Dodo
Andrevan • Doug • EVula • KaisaL • Tony Fox • WilyD
Bureaucrat changes
Andrevan • EVula
Guideline and policy news
Technical news
Miscellaneous
== August 2018 at Women in Red ==
== Administrators' newsletter – August 2018 ==
News and updates for administrators from the past month (July 2018).
Administrator changes
Sro23
KaisaL • Ymblanter
Guideline and policy news
Technical news
== Copyright problem on Md. Siddiqur Rahman ==
Content you added to the above article appears to have been copied from or elsewhere online. Copying text directly from a source is a copyright violation. Unfortunately, for copyright reasons, the content had to be removed. All content you add to Wikipedia must be written in your own words. Please leave a message on my talk page if you have any questions. — Diannaa 🍁 (talk)
== September 2018 at Women in Red ==
==Speedy deletion nomination of Abdus Salam Murshedy==
A tag has been placed on Abdus Salam Murshedy, requesting that it be deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under two or more of the criteria for speedy deletion, by which pages can be deleted at any time, without discussion. If the page meets any of these strictly-defined criteria, then it may soon be deleted by an administrator. The reasons it has been tagged are:
It seems to be unambiguous advertising which only promotes a company, product, group, service or person and would need to be fundamentally rewritten in order to become encyclopedic. (See section G11 of the criteria for speedy deletion.) Please read the guidelines on spam and FAQ/Business for more information.
It appears to be about a person, organization (band, club, company, etc.), individual animal, or web content, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. (See section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion.) Such articles may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable.
If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, then please contact the , or if you have already done so, you can place a request here. Vinegarymass911 (talk)
== Administrators' newsletter – September 2018 ==
News and updates for administrators from the past month (August 2018).
Administrator changes
None
Asterion • Crisco 1492 • KF • Kudpung • Liz • Randykitty • Spartaz
→
Interface administrator changes
Amorymeltzer • Mr. Stradivarius • MusikAnimal • MSGJ • TheDJ • Xaosflux
Guideline and policy news
Technical news
Arbitration
==Disambiguation link notification for September 25==
Hi. Thank you for your recent edits. An automated process has detected that when you recently edited Golam Dastagir Gazi, you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page Freedom Fighters ( | ). Such links are usually incorrect, since a disambiguation page is merely a list of unrelated topics with similar titles. (Read the FAQ Join us at the DPL WikiProject.)
It's OK to remove this message. Also, to stop receiving these messages, follow these opt-out instructions. Thanks, DPL bot (talk)
== October 2018 at Women in Red ==
== Notice ==
There is currently a discussion at Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents regarding an issue with which you may have been involved. The thread is Undisclosed paid editing by User:Hasive. GABgab
== Administrators' newsletter – October 2018 ==
News and updates for administrators from the past month (September 2018).
Administrator changes
Justlettersandnumbers • L235
Bgwhite • HorsePunchKid • J Greb • KillerChihuahua • Rami R • Winhunter
Interface administrator changes
Cyberpower678 • Deryck Chan • Oshwah • Pharos • Ragesoss • Ritchie333
Oversight changes
Guerillero • NativeForeigner • Snowolf • Xeno
Guideline and policy news
Technical news
Arbitration
==Blocked==
In line with the discussion here, which makes it clear that you have been writing blatantly promotional and improperly sourced material in violation of COI, NPOV and PAID (and thus violating Wikimedia's TOU), I have blocked this account indefinitely. You may appeal this block by adding the text at the bottom of your talk page, but you should read the guide to appealing blocks first. Boing! said Zebedee (talk)
== Get ready for November with Women in Red! ==
== Administrators' newsletter – November 2018 ==
News and updates for administrators from the past month (October 2018).
Administrator changes
Sir Sputnik
Kudpung • Liz • Lourdes
Everyking • Jackmcbarn
Interface administrator changes
Dinoguy1000
CheckUser changes
AGK • Ivanvector • Stwalkerster • TonyBallioni
Oversight changes
Amorymeltzer • Oshwah • TonyBallioni • Vanamonde93
Keilana
Guideline and policy news
Technical news
Arbitration
== Request ==
Hi.
On 29 September, a discussion of your activities on Bengali Wikipedia in violation of Terms of use#paid-contrib-disclosure started at Hasive-এর_প্রশাসকত্ব_অপসারণ_ও_অ্যাকাউন্ট_বাধাদানের_প্রস্তাব. You participated in it. That discussion resulted in your indefinite block and removal of privileges on 30 September. You then started responding to the above on Meta.
On 1 October, due to the preceding you were desysopped on Bengali Wikipedia.
On 3 October, you resigned from Wikimedia Bangladesh over the preceding and you were informed of a discussion of your activities on English Wikipedia's Administrators' noticeboard for Incidents, since archived here at Hasive. You neglected to respond, and were indefinitely blocked there on 6 October. Included in that discussion was a mention of your potential global ban.
Kindly cease and desist from editing any WMF project in violation of Terms of use#paid-contrib-disclosure, and disclose your paid editing activities on all affected projects where you still have the right to do so. — Jeff G. ツ
== December 2018 at Women in Red ==
== Administrators' newsletter – December 2018 ==
News and updates for administrators from the past month (November 2018).
Administrator changes
Al Ameer son • Randykitty • Spartaz
Boson • Daniel J. Leivick • Efe • Esanchez7587 • Fred Bauder • Garzo • Martijn Hoekstra • Orangemike
Interface administrator changes
Deryck Chan
Guideline and policy news
Technical news
Arbitration
Miscellaneous
Obituaries
---- | 901,347,894 | 2019-06-11T09:19:21 | Hasive/Archive 1 | 2,019 |
43,369,323 | Abul Gor (أبو الغر) is a Syrian village located in Al-Saan Subdistrict in Salamiyah District, Hama. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Abul Gor had a population of 261 in the 2004 census.
== References ==
Populated places in Salamiyah District | 916,360,697 | 2019-09-18T14:26:55 | Abul Gor | 2,019 |
31,459,986 | == April 2011 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Battersea (UK Parliament constituency), did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by ClueBot NG.
Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism.
ClueBot NG produces very few false positives, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been detected as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again.
The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Battersea (UK Parliament constituency) was changed by 91.125.253.122 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.944509 on 2011-04-10T22:27:31+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk) | 423,411,779 | 2011-04-10T22:27:35 | 91.125.253.122 | 2,019 |
15,357,715 | September 8: Scientists report skyrocketing phytoplankton population in aftermath of Kīlauea eruption
February 21: Sixteen states sue U.S. President Trump to stop declaration of emergency for border wall
May 20: Hawaii's Kīlauea volcano releases ash plumes to 30,000 feet, prompting aviation alerts
February 15: United States: Jet loses engine cover over Pacific en route to Honolulu from San Francisco
January 16: United States: State of Hawaii criticized by head of Federal Communications Commission over incoming missile alert mistake
October 21: On the campaign trail in the USA, September 2016
October 16: Hurricane warning goes into effect in Bermuda as Gonzalo nears
August 31: Hawaiian Airlines announces iPad mini in-flight service
April 29: Australian Jesse Williams drafted in fifth round by the NFL's Seattle Seahawks
January 13: Observing the 2012 Human Trafficking Awareness Day in the US, and wider world
Retrieved by — JJMC89 bot from en:Portal:Hawaii on | 914,922,461 | 2019-09-10T04:43:31 | Hawaii/Hawaii news/Wikinews | 2,019 |
22,623,998 | REDIRECT Foreign relations of Hungary | 507,381,278 | 2012-08-14T14:38:14 | Hungary–United Kingdom relations | 2,019 |
43,369,324 | ==Recent edit to Transforming growth factor beta==
Hello, and thank you for your recent contribution. I appreciate the effort you made for our project, but unfortunately I had to undo your edit because I believe the article was better before you made that change. Feel free to contact me directly if you have any questions. Thank you! Jacona (talk) | 618,057,330 | 2014-07-23T01:04:31 | 173.230.114.234 | 2,019 |
31,459,992 | Powells Valley (variants include Powell Valley, Powl Valley and Powls Valley) is an unincorporated community in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania in the Harrisburg-Carlisle Metropolitan Statistical Area, the latitude is 40.433, and the longitude -76.933, its elevation is .
== External links ==
Powells Valley Profile
Harrisburg metropolitan area
Unincorporated communities in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania
Unincorporated communities in Pennsylvania | 737,663,035 | 2016-09-04T08:15:59 | Powells Valley, Pennsylvania | 2,019 |
15,357,719 | == January 2008 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. KJS77Talk
If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make any unconstructive edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant warnings.
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. KJS77Talk
If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make any unconstructive edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant warnings.
Please do not vandalize pages, as you did with this edit to Happiness. If you continue to do so, you will be blocked from editing. FastLizard4 (Talk•Index•Sign)
This is your last warning. You will be blocked from editing the next time you vandalize a page, as you did with this edit to Happiness. ✰ALLSTAR✰ echo | 186,034,204 | 2008-01-22T03:17:06 | 74.186.16.137 | 2,019 |
27,046,956 | 888,077,626 | 2019-03-16T19:44:32 | Francesco Calì | 2,019 |
|
22,624,001 | Louis Sherry Inc. was an early 20th-century company known for quality confectionery products, particularly candy and ice cream. It was founded by New York restaurateur Louis Sherry and Lucius M. Boomer, then Chairman of the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel. The company was acquired by the Childs Company in 1950, for "more than $2,000,000".
==References==
Defunct companies based in New York (state)
Childs Restaurants | 793,365,333 | 2017-08-01T09:14:04 | Louis Sherry Inc. | 2,019 |
43,369,326 | Abul Kusour (أبو الكسور) is a Syrian village located in Al-Saan Subdistrict in Salamiyah District, Hama. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Abul Kusour had a population of 352 in the 2004 census.
== References ==
Populated places in Salamiyah District | 916,360,711 | 2019-09-18T14:27:03 | Abul Kusour | 2,019 |
13,147,984 | ==Northern Ireland==
===Articles for Deletion===
Miriam Dudley (2nd nomination) - (4730) - delete - closed
Ballintoy Parish Church - (4363) - keep - closed
Nuala McAllister - (4223) - delete - closed
Arder Carson - (4211) - delete - closed
John Finucane (Sinn Féin politician) - (9327) - delete - closed
Ormeau Golf Club - (5994) - delete - closed
Thomson Airways flight BY-1526 - (42397) - no consensus - closed
Geraldine Donnelly - (4547) - delete - closed
Jonathan McMurray - (3995) - delete - closed
Brendy Glackin - (12105) - delete - closed
Bentra Golf Course - (3981) - delete - closed
Michael McGinlay - (6817) - delete - closed
Gary Lavery - (4012) - delete - closed
Northern Ireland Ombudsman - (4239) - speedy keep - closed
Faldo Course - (5097) - delete - closed
Darrel Wilson - (3796) - speedy keep - closed
Ballyholme Primary School - (4377) - redirect - closed
South Derry Independent Republican Unit - (13210) - delete - closed
Ken Nelson (businessman) - (5650) - no consensus - closed
Glenn Dunlop - (9330) - keep - closed
Ernie Tate - (6514) - keep - closed
Springhill Avenue shooting 1987 - (6559) - delete - closed
W. H. Pugmire (2nd nomination) - (8520) - KEEP - closed
Solas (liturgical group) - (3957) - soft delete - closed
Sammy Lunn - (5251) - delete - closed
Martin Crilly - (4171) - delete - closed
Dungannon and District Motorcycle Club - (5091) - delete - closed
Greg Owen (activist) - (6706) - speedy keep - closed
Hamilton Edmund MacCormac - (6031) - delete - closed
Pulling Moves - (4571) - keep - closed
Belfast East (Dáil constituency) - (9133) - Merge into related articles - closed
The Troubles in Silverbridge - (5090) - merge - closed
List of churches in Lisburn - (4166) - delete - closed
Music for Cars Tour - (6249) - redirect - closed
Reece McGinley - (4572) - speedy keep - closed
Clyde Markwell - (4905) - soft delete - closed
Holy Cross Accordion Band Atticall County Down - (10561) - delete - closed
Fällt - (5233) - delete - closed
Aaron McEneff - (5868) - keep - closed
Neil Curran (2nd nomination) - (3994) - delete - closed
Ryan McCann (footballer, born 1982) - (4653) - delete - closed
Colin Broderick - (8772) - keep - closed
Charles McAlister - (14224) - delete - closed
Downpatrick & District Snooker & Billiard League - (4193) - delete - closed
List of Parkruns in the United Kingdom - (16556) - keep - closed
Alan Dunlop (politician) - (5032) - delete - closed
List of organisations in Irish Language Movement - (8605) - keep - closed
Barrie Todd - (4105) - delete - closed
Gerard McKeown - (3999) - delete - closed
Attack on RUC Birches barracks - (6314) - keep - closed
Crawfordsburn Viaduct - (7340) - keep - closed
Ballyblack Church - (4756) - delete - closed
Donal McCann (organist) - (3000) - speedy deleted - closed
Baron Leighinmohr - (5006) - Delete - closed
Kyle McClean - (4749) - delete - closed
List of Provisional IRA dead - (8180) - delete - closed
Killing of David Black - (7780) - keep - closed
Gareth Roberts (ice hockey) - (5022) - delete - closed
Killing of Stephen Carroll - (11040) - keep - closed
Darryn Causby - (4924) - soft delete - closed
John Bodwin - (3565) - delete - closed
Paul Laffin - (4129) - delete - closed
Sporting Lisburn F.C - (4328) - delete - closed
Tina Leggs Tantrum - (4310) - delete - closed
Pro Wrestling Ulster - (7161) - delete - closed
London independence - (7267) - keep - closed
Audrey Gallagher - (6503) - redirect to Scheer (band) - closed
The Mascara Story - (4973) - soft delete - closed
The Wilderness Years (Derry City F.C.) - (8935) - merge to History of Derry City F.C. - closed
Joris Minne (food critic) - (3292) - delete - closed
Michael Burke (economist) - (11795) - keep - closed
Proposed referendum on Irish unity - (16766) - delete - closed
Monica Connell - (6177) - no consensus - closed
Murder of Michael McGoldrick - (3755) - keep - closed
Abaana - (5287) - delete - closed
Richhill A.F.C. - (4496) - keep - closed
A.F.C. Silverwood - (4250) - keep - closed
North West Model Aircraft Club - (5983) - delete - closed
Evin Crowley - (5484) - keep - closed
The Calling (sculpture) - (6021) - no consensus - closed
Guy Spence - (5796) - delete - closed
Mary Norris - (13066) - keep - closed
Emma Little - (4288) - Delete. - closed
Homage to the Lagan - (4694) - delete - closed
East Belfast Herald - (3715) - delete - closed
Omnisoft services - (3964) - Delete - closed
InverRadio - (4079) - Delete - closed
The Faster the Speed, the Bigger the Mess - (4413) - delete - closed
Democracy First - (3651) - delete - closed
Mini Ladd - (4961) - delete - closed
Ian Mannus (2nd nomination) - (6119) - delete - closed
Margaret Byrne (chief executive) - (10298) - redirect to Adam Johnson (footballer)#Reaction - closed
Clarawood - (6738) - Userfied - closed
Woodbrook Village - (4082) - merge to Omagh - closed
Avenger submachine gun - (4389) - delete - closed
Dónal Donnelly - (8816) - delete - closed
James McDade (2nd nomination) - (5864) - delete - closed
Waylander (band) (2nd nomination) - (7129) - no consensus - closed
Sean McIlvenna (2nd nomination) - (6243) - delete - closed
Sean McIlvenna - (7439) - no consensus - closed
Oaks Centre - (4420) - delete - closed
Raidió Fáilte - (19400) - speedy keep - closed
John Hinds (doctor) - (6237) - keep - closed
Eugene Moloney - (7953) - delete - closed
DJ Mog - (5657) - no consensus - closed
Susan Millar - (4384) - delete - closed
Jeremiah Delaney - (4956) - delete - closed
Cornelius Delaney - (4971) - delete - closed
The British Irish Ulster Forum - (4460) - delete - closed
Patchblocks - (9042) - delete - closed
Ardmore GAC - (6225) - delete - closed
Gerry Adams, Sr. - (7938) - no consensus - closed
Net1 - (5168) - delete - closed
Brocagh Emmetts GAC - (4044) - delete - closed
Northern Resistance Movement - (4100) - keep - closed
Ciaran Gribbin - (4243) - no consensus - closed
Dominic McAleenan - (5374) - Delete - closed
Alex Kerr (loyalist) - (40195) - keep - closed
Gearóid Ó hEára - (3841) - delete - closed
Bernadette Friel - (4052) - delete - closed
Aughintober Pipe Band - (4347) - keep - closed
Mark McAllister - (4010) - delete - closed
Ryan Rafferty - (4022) - delete - closed
Martin Heron - (5024) - Keep - closed
Stuart 'Pinkie' Bates - (4172) - Redirect to The Divine Comedy (band) - closed
St. Joseph's and St. James' - (3122) - delete - closed
William Morrison "The Bard of Mallusk" - (4226) - no consensus - closed
Mark Hackett (2nd nomination) - (5540) - delete - closed
Justin McKeown - (4478) - Redirect to Spart (art movement) - closed
Connswater Shopping Centre (2nd nomination) - (6262) - speedy delete - closed
Gary Spedding - (7064) - delete - closed
The Jepettos - (5180) - keep - closed
Beyond the Pale Publications - (9392) - no consensus - closed
Rooted in Ireland - (4597) - Delete - closed
Thomas Niblock - (4074) - delete - closed
Ronan Coghlan - (5187) - delete - closed
Global Email Company - (3929) - delete - closed
Lists of universities in Ireland - (4844) - speedy keep - closed
Shamrock Rovers XI vs Brazil - (13756) - keep - closed
Offaly–Antrim hurling rivalry - (4314) - delete - closed
Mike McComish - (5157) - keep - closed
2Late - (4165) - delete - closed
Windsor Hill Primary School - (4185) - redirect to Newry#Education - closed
Laghey Primary School - (3556) - redirect to Dungannon#Schools - closed
Tamnamore Primary School - (3430) - redirect to Dungannon - closed
Moneymore Primary School - (4151) - redirect to Moneymore - closed
Grove Primary School, Belfast - (3845) - delete - closed
Killowen Primary School (Coleraine) - (4973) - redirect to North Eastern Education and Library Board - closed
Derryhale Primary School - (6742) - Delete and redirect to Southern Education and Library Board - closed
Loughbrickland Primary School - (6324) - redirect to Loughbrickland - closed
Derry Hotel Firebombing - (4560) - delete - closed
Iveagh Primary School - (4072) - redirect to Rathfriland#Education - closed
Bunscoil an Iúir - (9662) - delete - closed
Peter McVerry - (4978) - Withdrawn by nominator - closed
Ballycraigy Primary School - (5145) - delete - closed
Sydney Agnew - (9846) - no consensus - closed
Caroline Moreland (IRA murder victim) - (6683) - delete - closed
Maurice Gilvarry - (4354) - delete - closed
Gordan Gallagher - (11423) - delete - closed
Robert J. Glover - (4657) - delete - closed
Omagh Community youth choir - (3634) - delete - closed
Kevin Heatley - (8077) - delete - closed
Gayle Williamson - (4864) - keep - closed
Terence Herdman - (5046) - delete - closed
Ampertaine Primary School - (3278) - redirect to Upperlands#Education - closed
Barney Travers - (4118) - delete - closed
Robert Bell (Ulster writer) - (4393) - delete - closed
Kevin Mahon - (4448) - delete - closed
Haughey Air AgustaWestland AW139 crash - (11642) - (unknown) - closed
Excentric Muzik - (4365) - redirect to Fergie (DJ)#Record Labels - closed
Lewis McAdam - (3674) - delete - closed
Seamus Browne - (4661) - delete - closed
1889 Ulster Senior Football Championship - (4564) - delete - closed
Antrim Forum - (8149) - delete - closed
Opportunity Youth (2nd nomination) - (3711) - delete - closed
David Legge - (5635) - delete - closed
Colin Robinson - (3580) - delete - closed
Ulster Peoples Voice - (3883) - delete - closed
Scott John Wilson - (4421) - delete - closed
Aoife Madden - (5338) - redirect to A Landscape of Lies - closed
Organise! - (5641) - redirect to Solidarity Federation - closed
Yakuza (Irish band) - (3763) - delete - closed
Kathryn Sarah Scott - (4959) - keep - closed
David Maxwell (journalist) (2nd nomination) - (4661) - delete - closed
The Groovin' Reels - (3390) - Speedy Delete - closed
Cliftonville Cricket Club Ground - (5337) - keep - closed
David Maxwell (journalist) - (9243) - no consensus - closed
Newry Democrat - (5125) - keep - closed
Barra Best - (7014) - delete - closed
D. J. MacRandal - (5971) - delete - closed
Lough Neagh Rescue - (3733) - redirect to Lough Neagh#Uses - closed
Gaelscoil na mBeann - (7211) - (unknown) - closed
Armagh GAA Senior Leagues - (6656) - delete - closed
Max Cooper (electronica musician) - (9048) - keep - closed
David McConaghie - (25243) - delete - closed
Ancestry of the kings of Britain - (66416) - delete - closed
Eden Primary School, Carrickfergus - (4869) - redirect to Carrickfergus#Schools and education - closed
St Colman's Primary School, Saval - (4010) - redirect to Newry#Education - closed
Douglas Maddon - (3228) - delete - closed
Dissident Ulster Loyalist Campaign 1998 - present - (6209) - delete - closed
Declan Caddell - (4767) - delete - closed
Pete gardiner - (4070) - delete - closed
Walter Millar - (4718) - keep - closed
James Knowles (footballer) (3rd nomination) - (6297) - delete - closed
Literary and Scientific Society (Queen's University Belfast) - (8089) - keep - closed
Michael Muldoon - (5698) - delete - closed
Rasharkin United F.C. - (6654) - keep - closed
Ian Parsley (2nd nomination) - (11071) - no consensus - closed
James McKeown (politician) - (7212) - delete - closed
St. Michael's Primary School, Belfast - (4084) - Redirect - closed
Braniel - (18490) - no consensus - closed
Hugh Feeney - (6388) - keep - closed
Seaview Primary School - (6207) - merge to List of primary schools in Belfast - closed
Gascan Ruckus - (3524) - delete - closed
Christopher Lynn - (8086) - speedy delete - closed
Dissident Irish Republican Campaign 1998 - Present - (4381) - keep - closed
Murder of Ronan Kerr - (6283) - keep - closed
Connswater Shopping Centre - (7194) - delete - closed
Abbey Centre - (5953) - delete - closed
Ards Cricket Club - (7103) - delete - closed
MV Portaferry II - (5068) - Keep - closed
Hinduism in Northern Ireland - (4374) - keep - closed
Galbally Oonagh Celts - (3740) - delete - closed
Brendan McGuigan (NICJI) - (2946) - delete - closed
Noeleen Hale - (6803) - delete - closed
Balmoral High School (Belfast, Northern Ireland) - (5145) - keep - closed
St Julian's Road - (4352) - KEEP - closed
Dave Smyth (producer) - (4353) - delete - closed
Tyrone Relph - (9146) - delete - closed
Carol Ann Kelly - (34380) - redirect to United_Campaign_Against_Plastic_Bullets - closed
Artistic reactions to the 1981 Irish hunger strike - (19144) - keep - closed
Jimmy Smyth (musician) - (3774) - delete - closed
David Tomkin - (3818) - delete - closed
Martin Meenan - (9470) - delete - closed
The Troubles in Kircubbin - (4054) - merge to Kircubbin, County Down - closed
Tiger's Bay - (4397) - delete - closed
2010 County Down helicopter crash - (7586) - delete - closed
Maurice Jay - (5535) - keep - closed
Provisional IRA South Down Brigade - (6155) - delete - closed
2010 Newry car bombing - (18486) - no consensus - closed
Gareth McConnell - (3787) - delete - closed
William Smith (boxer) - (4579) - delete - closed
Andrew Luke (2nd nomination) - (3886) - delete - closed
Brian Heading - (3437) - delete - closed
Red Barn Gallery - (5701) - keep - closed
Republican communism - (6796) - delete - closed
Dissident Republican Attacks - (4930) - delete - closed
Clonoe O'Rahilly's - (2950) - delete - closed
Culbann C.P.C (2nd nomination) - (4165) - delete - closed
Leigh Alderson - (5528) - keep - closed
Bobby Moffet - (6650) - delete - closed
Leigh Alderson - (5528) - keep - closed
Leigh Alderson - (5528) - keep - closed
Irish Republicanism in Northern Ireland - (8412) - keep - closed
Seán Mackin (Irish republican) - (5000) - keep - closed
Leigh Alderson - (5528) - keep - closed
Joe Bratty - (6993) - keep - closed
Leigh Alderson - (5528) - keep - closed
Leigh Alderson - (5528) - keep - closed
Portclare - (6987) - keep - closed
Richard Thornton (politician) - (6909) - delete - closed
Leigh Alderson - (5528) - keep - closed
Gerald J Tate - (7399) - keep - closed
Leigh Alderson - (5528) - keep - closed
William James Fulton (loyalist paramilitary) - (4885) - keep - closed
Leigh Alderson - (5528) - keep - closed
Anne Brolly - (5757) - no consensus - closed
Leigh Alderson - (5528) - keep - closed
Ballyclare Secondary School - (4562) - keep - closed
Leigh Alderson - (5528) - keep - closed
Leigh Alderson - (5528) - keep - closed
Republican Belfast: a political tourist's guide - (5740) - keep - closed
Madden & Finucane Solicitors - (4693) - redirect to Pat Finucane (solicitor) - closed
Leigh Alderson - (5528) - keep - closed
Tí Chulainn - (2993) - keep - closed
Leigh Alderson - (5528) - keep - closed
Declan Arthurs (2nd nomination) - (7598) - merge to Provisional_IRA_East_Tyrone_Brigade - closed
Leigh Alderson - (5528) - keep - closed
Stephen Eyre - (6620) - delete - closed
Leigh Alderson - (5528) - keep - closed
Northern Ireland national football team head to head - (5079) - delete - closed
Leigh Alderson - (5528) - keep - closed
DJ X-ray - (4696) - delete - closed
Leigh Alderson - (5528) - keep - closed
Felan Davidson - (4856) - delete - closed
Leander A.S.C - (4694) - G12 - closed
Ian Parsley - (7468) - delete - closed
Northern Ireland 1920-1963 - (3868) - speedy keep - closed
St. Peter's Primary School, Cloughreagh - (4689) - keep - closed
Saor Uladh - (6328) - references provided, removing nomination, reason for deletion nomination no longer applies. - closed
Kane's Hedge - (3474) - delete - closed
Oliver Hughes - (3542) - delete - closed
Lisa McMurray - (17113) - merge - closed
UDR Benevolent Fund - (7172) - delete - closed
Anita Brolly - (4487) - delete - closed
Darren McKillion - (4330) - delete - closed
Baptist Centre - (3720) - merge to Association of Baptist Churches in Ireland - closed
Draíocht Children's Arts Festival - (4817) - merge to Féile an Phobail - closed
UK Amateur Storm Forecasts - (9153) - Delete - closed
Priesthill (Zion) Methodist - (5897) - delete, - closed
Malone Avenue - (4957) - delete - closed
Niall kely - (4107) - delete - closed
Larne Harbour Police - (20226) - merge and redirect - closed
Northern Ireland Sign Language - (13725) - Keep - closed
Brice Dickson - (5727) - keep - closed
QUB English Society - (3879) - delete - closed
Michael Tsarion (2nd nomination) - (4606) - delete - closed
Kitchen Bar - (7998) - keep - closed
Westlake, County Londonderry - (6211) - delete - closed
Prehen House - (5401) - keep. - closed
St Mary Of The Assumption Church, Newcastle - (5834) - delete - closed
List of King George V Playing Fields (County Antrim) - (7908) - no consensus, - closed
Greenwood House - (2822) - delete - closed
Peggy O'Hara - (5636) - redirect. I'm going to leave the article history intact so that someone can merge if they feel strongly - closed
Fergus O' Hare - (10889) - No consensus - closed
Paul Orr - (3999) - delete - archived
List of Lords Justices of Appeal of Northern Ireland - (5280) - keep - archived
The Irish Inroads - (2409) - Delete - archived
Primary School, Carrickfergus - (3298) - delete - archived
Condemned (band) - (5613) - keep - archived | 932,759,169 | 2019-12-28T01:39:28 | WikiProject Deletion sorting/Northern Ireland/archive | 2,019 |
31,459,995 | == April 2011 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Hammerhead shark, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by ClueBot NG.
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The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Hammerhead shark was changed by 69.254.218.171 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.972963 on 2011-04-10T22:28:58+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk) | 423,411,930 | 2011-04-10T22:29:06 | 69.254.218.171 | 2,019 |
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43,369,327 | == Welcome! ==
Hello, BethMcGeorge, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions.
I noticed that one of the first articles you edited was McGeorge School of Law, which appears to be dealing with a topic with which you may have a conflict of interest. In other words, you may find it difficult to write about that topic in a neutral and objective way, because you are, work for, or represent, the subject of that article. Your recent contributions may have already been undone for this very reason.
To reduce the chances of your contributions being undone, you might like to draft your revised article before submission, and then ask me or any other editor to proofread it. See our help page on userspace drafts for more details. If the page you created has already been deleted from Wikipedia, but you want to save the content from it to use for that draft, don't hesitate to ask anyone from this list and they will copy it to your user page.
One firm rule we do have in connection with conflicts of interest is that accounts used by more than one person will unfortunately be blocked from editing. Wikipedia generally does not allow editors to have usernames which imply that the account belongs to a company or corporation. If you have a username like this, you should request a change of username or create a new account. (A name that identifies the user as an individual within a given organization may be OK.)
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== Query ==
Bethany? – S. Rich (talk) | 618,058,311 | 2014-07-23T01:14:31 | BethMcGeorge | 2,019 |
22,624,004 | == April 2009 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to the page Metallicity has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you. Maxis ftw (talk) | 286,981,299 | 2009-04-30T03:13:18 | 71.149.249.152 | 2,019 |
4,008,477 | == Serbian Voivodship ==
Shouldn't the name of the article be Serbian Voivodship (Srpska vojvodina)?
Also, census?:) From where?:)
Ceha
No, because Serbian Voivodship is another province that existed before this one. The official name of this province was "Voivodship of Serbia", thus the sources which mention it as "Serbian Voivodship" obviously do not understand the difference between the two. As for census results, I have them in two books:
1. Sima M. Ćirković, Srbi među evropskim narodima, Beograd, 2004.
2. Dr Dušan J. Popović, Srbi u Vojvodini, knjiga 3, Novi Sad, 1990.
PANONIAN (talk)
=== Serbian Voivodship and Tamiš Banate (at most) ===
Why you opstructed the user Ceha. He didn't say Serbian Vojvodovina or Serbian Vojvodina, he said Serbian Voivodship (Voivodeship). That is a big difference.
Proofs ARCHIVAL FONDS OF THE ARCHIVES OF VOJVODINA IN NOVI SAD - WHERE YOU LIVE:
Archival collection (fond) No. 23 - Zemaljska uprava za Srpsko Vojvodstvo i Tamiški Banat (Landesverwaltung der Serbischen Woiwodschaft und des Temescher Banats) - Temišvar (1849-1861), English translation Lands administration for the Serb Voivodship and Temescher Banate or in the better spirit of the language Administration of the land for the Serbian Voivodship and Temescher Banate.
Archival collection (fond) No. 24 - Zemaljska građevinska uprava za Srpsko Vojvodstvo i Tamiški Banat (Landesbau - Direktion für die Serbische Woiwodschaft und das Temescher Banat) - Temišvar (1850-1861) Building administration of the land for the Serb Voivodship and of Temescher Banate.
Archival collection (fond) No. 22 - Zemaljska školska uprava za Srpsko Vojvodstvo i Tamiški Banat (K. und K. Landesschulverwaltung für die Serbische Woiwodschaft und das Temescher Banat) - Temišvar (1851-1855) School administration of the land for the Serb Voivodship and of Temescher Banate.
All of the archival materials are in written in German language, I mean official documents. They are not hear-say, and they are very well preserved to last for a dozen centuries. This is a very long time. Imbris
First, speak in your own name, not in the name of other users. Second, I already told you that it is nothing but a forgery to present ONLY those documents that use name Serbian Voivodship and NOT TO present those that use name Voivodship of Serbia. Since both kind of documents obviously exist, why you do not search in archive for other documents? (I really want to know your answer). PANONIAN (talk)
I have every right to mention someones contributions to the debate, even if those contributions were made before the debate even started. This shows how you work. Ceha may have not known the fact so YOU were able to dismiss him and his (or her's) contributions. Archives do not create fonds - Archives receive documenation and in accordance to international norms for archival description only describe what they have received. Do not portlay false that archives consist of a few (if memory serves me well - YOU mentioned only two documents). On the other hand I have proven that I am not disruptive and waited but this have gone far enough, limit has been reached. In a few days I will have the book written by the archivist of Archives of Vojvodina - Tadija Grosinger - in it I hope to find some facsimiles of documents that I will post as links here. I expect that you will folow thruogh and correct what you have written (on the basis of books) wrong. I expect that you will have the strength and objectivity to understand that even if you have collaborative book and simmilar materials this doesn't mean that those information are correct. Documents are correct.
:No, you have no right to speak in the name of other users exactly because YOU DO NOT KNOW what those users know or think, so just let them to speak in their name. It is not good to speak about user Ceha if he is not here. Second, you are in fact proved that you are indeed disruptive and that you goal here is to push your POV no matter what sources say and I presented several sources for you that use name Voivodship of Serbia, so what you want more? Regarding archives, the last thing that Wikipedia need is YOU to say what archieves have and what have not - much more relevant persons (historians like D. Popović, S. Ćirković and others) used those archieves and wrotte their books based on those documents and you have no right to dispute what they presented in those books. End of story. And I will tell you this: as long as name Voivodship of Serbia can be found in those books, it will be also found in Wikipedia no matter what one Greater Croatian Serbophobic anti-Serbian and anti-Vojvodinian nationalist like you say. It is time for you to find other place to heal your frustrations. PANONIAN (talk)
== Flag and Coat of arms ==
We now really have problem with this. First somebody added this flag to the article (and I really suspect that this is in fact flag of the Serbian Voivodship, and not of the Voivodship of Serbia and Tamiš Banat), and then somebody described this flag in the text. Can somebody say what is a source that claim that this was flag of this Voivodship, and not of the previous one (the Serbian Voivodship)? People very easy confound these two and I think that it is the case here too. PANONIAN (talk)
Sorry, I am afraid it was me. I removed the whole article and pushed it to the Serbian Voivodship. You were right, Pannonian. I named the source, it was a Leksiklopedia article from TV Novosti from 1991. I do not know the exact number of issue, because I cut it from the magazine. One of the flags of this design is kept, I believe in Sombor museum or so, and has the Cyrillic inscription "For the Emperor and Motherland - the Sombor Volunteers". This was also the model for the war flags in 1848 Revolution. Sorry for the mess, now itćs on the right place. Me and Željko Heimer also made a copy of the flag and we are trying to put it on the FOTW site. He is the leading vexillologist in the Southeastern Europe. Zhix
:Ok, but you also should to write image source on the image page itself: You also should to writte what is copyright status of the image (Is it permited that image could be used on Wikipedia or not). If you do not specify these things, the image will be probably deleted. PANONIAN (talk)
== Question ==
Were Serbs a minority in this entity?
Is its border connected to the border of Serbian Vojvodina? For it seems as if either this one does not include Baranja, or the map of Serbian Vojvodina on its article is far too skechy.
Well, HRE, if you read both articles, this one and Serbian Vojvodina, you will find there all answers. Those were two different political entities with different borders. Serbian Vojvodina included Baranja and Military Frontier, while Voivodship of Serbia and Tamiš Banat did not. Also, Serbian Vojvodina did not included east and central Banat inhabited mainly by Romanians and Germans and Voivodship of Serbia and Tamiš Banat included it. You have here also demographics section, so you can see that it is questionable whether Serbs were majority in Voivodship of Serbia and Tamiš Banat or not. If you count Orthodox Serbs only (without Bunjevci and Šokci, who were considered a Catholic Serbs in many sources), then number of Serbs was smaller than the number of Romanians in Germans, but if you count Serbs together with Bunjevci and Šokci, then they were relative majority in the province. PANONIAN (talk)
== Josip Šokčević ==
Look at Book by an Vojvodinian. There he wrote who Josip Šokčević were in regards of the history of Serb Voivodship and Temeser Bannat. Do not edit something just because you do not know or have no proff in your library. Trere are much, much more book in libraries of everyone of us, your library is not THE LAW. Imbris
Of course, it is very nice that you use sources that could be confirmed - my source mention name Josif, but I am fine with both names. And just a small observation, did you noticed that "your" source in fact mention name Vojvodship of Serbia instead Serb Voivodship, but you just do not want to say word Serbia, do you? PANONIAN (talk)
The word Serbia means nothing bad or good to me. I am interested in the truth. In the debate about the name of Josip Šokčević you should refrain yourself from commenting other debates. And for the conclusion, it was I who told you of the "source" if it even could call it a source. Publications are not definite sources, and most certain ones written by only three persons who do not cite documents. Your debates are fruitless and when The Archives of Vojvodina publich the list of its fonds and the name Serb Voivodship and Tamiš Banat appears the title of your article Voivodship of Serbia and Tamiš Banat is history, it is gone. As well will the mentioning of the name Voivodship of Serbia and Tamiš Banat in the majority of cases, except from the case of TRIVIA. Imbris
:Debate about name of Josip Šokčević is over because I really do not care was he Josip or Josif - it is irrelevant. However, the name of the Voivodship of Serbia is not irrelevant and name used in Wikipedia should be same name that is used in most history books. Regarding documents from the archives, do not think that they can help you to falsify history and push your POV. For example, if archive have two documents, one of them using name Voivodship of Serbia and another using name Serbian Voivodship, it is easy for you to make a forgery if you present only one of those documents which use name Serbian Voivodship, but if you do not present another one that use name Voivodship of Serbia, and exactly that you said that you will do: you said that you will ask archive of Vojvodina what is historical base for usage of name Serbian Voivodship, but you DID NOT SAID that you will ask them what is base for usage of other name. In another words, only if you ask archive what is base for usage of BOTH NAMES, then you can have valid answer from them. So, if you ask me, name Voivodship of Serbia should be used here as long as it is used in most of the historical books and you really should stop your ridiculous attempts to delete or twist Serbian history. PANONIAN (talk)
== On the question of memorandum that I wrote ==
XXXXXX, 9. mart 2007.
::::::::::::Republika Srbija
::::::::::::Autonomna Pokrajina Vojvodina
::::::::::::Arhiv Vojvodine
::::::::::::Dunavska 35
::::::::::::RS-21000 Novi Sad
::::::::::::E-pošta: info@
::::::::::::Faksimil: +381 (0)21 522 332
:Predmet: Točnost naziva Vojvodstvo Srbija i Tamiški Banat
Vrlo poštovani!
Molio bi Vas da mi odgovorite na nekoliko pitanja. Kao prvo, da je zvaničan naziv fonda koji se pretpostavljam još uvek čuva u Vašoj arhivskoj instituciji, Zemaljska uprava za srpsko vojvodstvo i tamiški Banat.
Ako je tako onda bih vas lepo molio da mi odgovorite kojim se imenom u fondu najčešće imentuje krunska zemlja Srpsko Vojvodstvo i Tamiški Banat u delu koji se odnosi na reči Srpsko Vojvodstvo? Znam da je često korišćen u to vreme naziv serbska Vojvodovina, ali time se zapravo ne bavim. Hoću reći, je li češće bilo Srpsko Vojvodstvo, Vojvodstvo Srpsko, ili možda danas od nekih “danas” korišćen pojam Vojvodstvo Srbija.
Ne znam šta bi Vam trebao da Vam kažem iz kojih me to razloga zanima, ali Vas uveravam da nije vezano s imovnom koristi.
Druga tema je Srpska Vojvodina (1848-49) za koju znam da se koristi i ime Vojvodina Srpska. Bez obzira što se u to vreme verovatno koristilo, kao i u gornjem pitanju reči serbska Vojvodovina odnosno Vojvodovina serbska. Opetujem pitanje, da li češće bilo Srpska Vojvodina (Vojvodovina) ili Vojvodina (Vojvodovina) Srpska ili možda danas od nekih korišćen pojam Vojvodina Srbija.
Da li se u arhivskim materijalima ijednom pojavilo ime Vojvodstvo Srbija (1849-60) odnosno ime Vojvodina Srbija (1848-49) ili su to samo sadašnji termini?
Ako se jeste pojavilo kolika je bila brojnost tih pojava i da li su bile zvanične naravi ili su to bili potpuno nezvanični termini, retki slučajevi.
Kad to pitam ne mislim na titulu Velikog Vojvode Vojvodstva Srbije koju je imao Austrijski car sve do kraja Austro-Ugarske monarhije. U originalu na Nemačkom Grosswojwod der Wojwodschaft Serbien. Da li ima ikakve veze između titule Austrijskog cara i termina kojim se u dokumentima označuje samo Vojvodstvo. Nemački naziv za Vojvodstvo bio je Die serbische Wojwodschaft und das Temeser Banat.
Ako je Vojvodstvo krunska zemlja i ako je naziv titule različit onda nema razloga da se danas govori o Vojvodstvu Srbije i nekakvoj Austrijskoj Srbiji. Srbija nikad nije bila Austrijska, već su Austrijanci manipulisali njome te izvršili okupaciju nad njom tri puta u 18. veku.
Pronašao sam jednom naziv Vojvodstvo Srbija i to u knjizi Dr. Dušana J. Popovića (1990) Srbi u Vojvodini, knjiga treća, strana 306., pa sam pomislio u sebi da takva veličina u istoriografiji može da počini takvu grešku. Slično je i u brošuri “Koliko se poznajemo?”. Izdavač brošure je Izvršno veće Autonomne Pokrajine Vojvodine, a autori su Milan Micić, mr Tibor Pál i Kalman Kuntić. Bio je to projekat “Afirmacija multikulturalizma i tolerancije u Vojvodini” sada raspoloživ na mrežnom mestu Interneta Službe za opšte i zajedničke poslove pokrajinskih organa Autonomne Pokrajine Vojvodine.
Molim Vas da na ova pitanja odgovorite zbog Vas samih, jer arhivskim institucijama je prosvetna delatnost jedna od značajnih. Predlažem da kraćenu informaciju publikujete na mrežnom mestu Interneta Arhiva Vojvodine, da ceo svet vidi i čuje, da se napokon znade. Još sam se setio da Vas molim ako biste mogli da mi date i sadašnju signaturu fonda, mislim matični broj.
Unapred zahvaljujem na odgovoru koji se nadam primiti na adresu elektroničke pošte, jer obična pošta nije bezbedan način dostave.
Sa poštovanjem!
:::::::::::XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX, s. r.
:::::::::::Imbris
::HAHAHA. E jedva čekam da vidim šta će ti odgovoriti. Naravno, ne boj se, ja ću veoma dobro znati da li su ti stvarno odgovorili ili si sam napisao odgovor... PANONIAN (talk)
:::This memo shows that I am not what you say I am. On the other hand it is clear that you are not what you say you are. Laugh on. You should be ashamed of your self. The answer came and it is:
:::*Archival collection (fond) No. 23 - Zemaljska uprava za Srpsko Vojvodstvo i Tamiški Banat (Landesverwaltung der Serbischen Woiwodschaft und des Temescher Banats) - Temišvar (1849-1861), English translation Lands administration for the Serb Voivodship and Temescher Banate or in the better spirit of the language Administration of the land for the Serbian Voivodship and Temescher Banate.
:::*Archival collection (fond) No. 24 - Zemaljska građevinska uprava za Srpsko Vojvodstvo i Tamiški Banat (Landesbau - Direktion für die Serbische Woiwodschaft und das Temescher Banat) - Temišvar (1850-1861) Building administration of the land for the Serb Voivodship and of Temescher Banate.
:::*Archival collection (fond) No. 22 - Zemaljska školska uprava za Srpsko Vojvodstvo i Tamiški Banat (K. und K. Landesschulverwaltung für die Serbische Woiwodschaft und das Temescher Banat) - Temišvar (1851-1855) School administration of the land for the Serb Voivodship and of Temescher Banate.
::::I know that Syrmia is close to Novi Sad, beeing the centre of xenophoby and radicalism in Serbia, but naming the two streets by the names of terrorist's.
::::Imbris
:::::You are disruptive. Imbris
::::Please stop trolling and stop disrupting other users in their work. "This memo" is something that anybody could writte here claiming that he sent it to the archive (Do you think that I am stupid or what?). I already answered to your arcive documents, but I will answer again: there are two kinds of those documents: one kind using name Voivodship of Serbia and another kind using name Serbian Voivodship. Your attempt to present only one kind of documents and to completelly ignore other kind (the one that is widely used among historians) is nothing else but a futile attempt for history falsification. Regarding Syrmia, what "xenophoby, radicalism and terrorists" you speak about? Is that another personal insult because half of my ancestors are from Syrmia? Also, please try to prove your claim that I am disruptive. PANONIAN (talk)
== On the question of archival standards ==
Texts are in Serbian language and cyrlic for the convenience of Panonian.
ISAD(G) Opća međunarodna norma za opis arhivskoga gradiva, in English General International Standard of Archival Description
ISAAR(CPF) Međunarodna norma arhivističkoga normiranoga zapisa za pravne i fizičke osobe te obitelji International Standard of Archival Records for Corporations, Persons and Families
Please be constructive.
Imbris
You be constructive, stop trolling and stop insulting my ethnic origin and history of my ancestors. PANONIAN (talk)
You are not constructive. When ever someone start's to be polite you start to be impolite. I hope that you will be blocked. Imbris
:Sorry, you was not polite to me - you insulted me, both personally and racially/ethnically and your hate towards my ethnic origin is just incredible. Should I like you because of that? Regarding blocking, the blocking policy on Wikipedia is really not good one because it allow to every single ultra-nationalist and irredentist to express his "opinion" and spread hate against somebody. The last thing what Wikipedia should be is a place for that. PANONIAN (talk)
==Conclusion of the discussion==
Ok Imbris, you forced me to do this, it took me some time, but I done it, so just read this page and stop what you doing: You are simply not competent to judge about work of historians such as Dušan J. Popović, Sima M. Ćirković, Vladimir Ćorović, Drago Njegovan, Vasilije Krestić, Slavko Gavrilović, Čedomir Popov, Johan Šviker, etc. PANONIAN (talk)
On the other hand Panonian glorifies Voivodship as if it was in the best interest of the Serb people. Voivodship was ruled by the list of several governors who governed the Voivodship using allmost exclusively German language, none of them were of Serb nationality.
I do not see any problem that the order of word should be changed to an official one. Why does Panonian not see eye to eye with me on the subject - this escapes me - but it is obvious to everyone who knows anything about bad things that have happened in Yugoslavia since the death of Tito. Plans have been steadely forging like iron into a master plan of destroying any little bit of democracy in Yugoslavia (put in place by Tito in 1974.).
Nevertheless official name was Serbian Voivodship and Temescher Banate. I think that Panoinan is the one that does orriginal research by stateing that population that have spoken Illyrian (majority) give him the right to demand that the term Tamiš Banat is honoured the official and objective in Wikipedia.
He can state what ever he want but the last known official name is the name under it must be represented in Wikipedia. And here we talk about an official name that is so little different from his POV pushing Voivodship of Serbia and Tamiš Banat.
Serbian Voivodship and Temescher Banate is an best possible translation to English language of the official name that in German is Die Serbische Woiwodschaft und das Temescher Banat and in Illyrian Serbska Vojvodovina i Tamiški Banat.
I have even tryed to compromise without loosing my objectivity and sugessted Serbian Voivodship and Tamiš Banate. Banate because the word Banat does not exist in English language and because Banat is in this name of the territory and not the geographical name. We can talk about Banat as an geographical term but in this case we are talking about name of a territory (more precisely name of an subnational entity of the second level). We have several choices: Banate or Bannate or even Bandom. All of the these words, Banovina, Banija, Banat orriginate from the title - Ban. Tamiš is a river and hence only geographical term.
The process of changing the name is very easy, and allmost painless. There is not much text in the article, and a small nummber of articles point to it.
You have no proof that "official name was Serbian Voivodship" and not Voivodship of Serbia and those sources claim that Voivodship of Serbia was an official name: So, I do not understand your problem here. Tell me what is wrong with those sources, we can analyse them one by one if you want.... PANONIAN (talk)
==Religions==
PANONIAN, you are ignoring and mixing facts. There were 2 main Protestant groups there: "evangélikus református" that is Evangelic Reformeds (Calvinists), and "evangélikus lutheránus" or "ágostai evangélikus" that is Evangelic Lutherans. Evangelism is s quite different thing, please check the link.
Ok. PANONIAN
==The tile Voivode after 1860==
The Voivodship was abolished in 1860 and since then the title became a mere decoration. Both Francis Joseph and Charles IV hold also the title of King of Jerusalem, but they are not listed among the leaders of Palestine or Israel, or also hold the title of Grans Prince of Transylvania when Transylvania did not exist as an autonomous admninistrative province. So please differentiate between historical and honorific titles and real ones.
Jerusalim is very different case – the emperor did had a title of «King of Jerusalem”, but he never ruled Jerusalem. Contrary to this, he still ruled territory of voivodship until 1918 – even after voivodship (or vojvodina) was officially abolished in 1860, it still remained an unofficial name for the region (for example, football club with name “Vojvodina” was founded in Novi Sad in 1914 which reflect the usage of this name for the region). In another words, the emperor had title of voivod and also ruled this territory, so I really do not see valid reason to remove this info from the article. The info is very important because it show legal continuation of the idea about vojvodina in Habsburg laws until the end of the Monarchy. PANONIAN
Transylvania - as I already mentioned before - is a good paralel. The Grand Principality of Transylvania in 1867 was reunited with Hungary and the Grand Principality ceased to exist, but the title Grand Prince was kept by the King of Hungary as a historical and honorific one. please note that honorific titles show not legal continuation.
:You have to understand that some Habsburg laws were contradict to other Habsburg laws, i.e. provinces were established, abolished or merged depending of daily politics, thus if Principality of Transylvania was abolished and included into KOH following this daily politics, that does not mean that legality of its existence was completelly deleted. On the contrary, the title of emperor show that it still remained part of Habsburg legal system. And yes, some titles of the emperor (like the one of the king of Jerusalem) were indeed honorific, but not all of them. If we speak about voivodship, it was formed in accordance with Habsburg laws, i.e. in accordance with documents that recognized territorial autonomy of Serbs. And no matter that voivodship was later abolished, it could be legally created again in any time in accordance to these documents (the legality was not a problem here, but daily politics, by which Habsburgs came to conclusion that it would be better for their interest to support Greater Hungarian nationalism than wishes for autonomy among Serbs). PANONIAN
== The territory was reincorporated into the Kingdom of Hungary in 1860 ==
Since before 1849 it was part of the Kingdom of Hungary, so writing about reincorporatuion is not POV, but a fact.
It is POV because when we speak about 1860 we speak about this year only and therefore word «incorporated» correctly describe events in 1860. Contrary to this word «reincorporated» do not describe only events in 1860, but also describe events before 1849 and therefore it is POV to focus only on some pre-1849 events and to ommit another, i.e. to speak about Hungarian rule, but not about Ottoman. And not only that, but when you decide to speak about only one pre-1849 event and to ommit all other, further POV is the fact that event that you selected to show is part of the history that is seen as «very bad time period» by local inhabitants, thus writting about this time in such way insulting local inhabitants whose ancestors were enslaved during this period. Thus, if we speak about year 1860, the only thing that we should mention is event from 1860 without any allusion to pre-1849 events, that are already mentioned in proper texts and articles. PANONIAN
The territory since the expulsion of Ottomans was part of Hungary, so during about one and half century, when the Voivodship was created in 1849 and ceased to exist in 1860, lasting less then 11 years. Where is the POV? This is a simply fact. If you want you can mention, that the region was also governed by Ottomans. What is really POV is your sentence: part of the history that is seen as «very bad time period» by local inhabitants, thus writting about this time in such way insulting local inhabitants whose ancestors were enslaved during this period. During this period no-one was enslaved, every inhabitant had same rights regardless their ethnic background.
:Read this sentence: "Throughout history Vojvodina has been a part of Dacia, the Roman Empire, the Hun Empire, the Byzantine Empire, the Gepid Kingdom, the Avar Khanate, the Frankish Kingdom, the Pannonian Croatia, the Great Moravia, the Bulgarian Empire, the Kingdom of Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, the Habsburg Monarchy, the Austrian Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, and Serbia and Montenegro. Since 2006, Vojvodina is part of an independent Serbia." - do you see my point? So many countries ruled over Vojvodina in history and you want to mention ONLY Hungary. I am sorry, but as I said, if we speak about year 1860 we have to mention only events from 1860, but if we speak about older events, then we cannot mention only Hungary, but we have to mention all these countries. However, there are separate articles that already mention pre-1849 history, and this one related only to the voivodship have no reason to speak about pre-1849 events. By the way, it is not correct that territory of the voivodship was part of KOH before 1849 - it was in fact part of another province named Serbian Vojvodina, whose existence was also officially recognized by the Habsburg emperor. Also do not forget Habsburg province named Banat of Temeswar and Tisa and Danube sections of the military frontier in Bačka that existed in the 18th century and that were not part of the KOH, so the sentence that "the territory since the expulsion of Ottomans was part of Hungary" is totally incorrect. And please, just do not tell me that Slavs were not enslaved in Austria-Hungary - if there was so nice for them, why they nicknamed this country "the dungeon of nations"? PANONIAN
::Two more things: 1. why you deleted part that say "Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary", and 2. why you deleted part that say "Kingdom of Hungary gained autonomy within newly formed Austria-Hungary"? - what you consider incorrect in these two sentences? PANONIAN
==Article title==
It is clear that title "Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar" is most accurate and most often used in literature. Sources are presented here: PANONIAN
A series of discussions between user PANONIAN and me were present to agree upon the title Serbian Voivodeship and Tamiš Banat. His cherry-picking the sources is null and void. The title should be Serbian Voivodship and Banat of Temeschwar
No, we never agreed on anything. You completelly ignored my posts on the talk page and when I left Wikipedia 2 years ago, you simply moved article title to one you like. If you think that title should be "Serbian Voivodeship", then please elaborate here why and according to which source. And what we would do with title of Habsburg emperor, which clearly use title "Grand Voivode of the Voivodina of Serbia": PANONIAN
And what you mean that my presentation of sources is "null and void"? Sorry, but I do not think that you can just like that continue forever with your "bully behaviour" to just do whatever you like, no matter what other people think and no matter of the sources they presented. Sources are more relevant in Wikipedia than your opinion or intention. PANONIAN
The Archives of Vojvodina in Novi Sad contains only documents which write Serbian Voivodeship, not the other way around. Please stop involving the issue of the title that the Habsburg Emperors started to use in 1850s, this has nothing to do with the name of the territorial unit.
You have cherry picked the sources that further your blatant POV. No one agreed with your move, and the former name of the article was accepted by the editors.
Imbris (talk)
:Interesting, how one Croat from Croatia could know what archives in Novi Sad would contain? I bet that you never saw such documents and you just lie here (or you perhaps have some proof for your claims that you want to present us?). As for Habsburg title, all Habsburg titles are related to territories they ruled, so I do not see why they would started to use title "voivodes of voivodeship of Serbia" in 1849 if they did not ruled such territory? there is no logic in this. As for sources, I picked sources that are available on Internet, and thus, everybody can see them (unlike you who have only your own word to support your claim), and I also do not see what POV you speak in these sources when name "voivodeship of Serbia" is used in all school books in Serbian educational system (it is name generally accepted by the historians). And also, do not lie that "no one agreed with MY move" since I moved article to its original title and you was the one who moved title without agreement with anyone during the time when I was not present in Wikipedia. So, article now has its original title and you are the one who had to prove your moving case. And yes, former (and current name) - voivodeship of serbia was indeed accepted by editors and you are the only person who would not accept that. Now, since you are hard man, I will go with you one step at the time: first, read these sources: Now, after reading them (just do not say that you do not want to read them since that will discredit you as a participant in this discussion), please answer to this question: are these sources using name "voivodeship of serbia"? yes or no? PANONIAN
In the titles of the books that you gave there there are no "Vojvodstvo Srbija" just "Srpska Vojvodina" which should be translated as Serb Voivodeship or Serbian Voivodeship. Also, I remember from school only "Srpska Vojvodina". Now, you are trying to promote that the name of this entity was "Serbia"? Maybe some sources say so, but here are some literature on english:
Serb Voivodeship and the Banat of Temesvar
Serbian Voivodeship and the Banate of Temes
Serbian Voivodship and Banat of Temesvar
Serbian Voivodship and Banat of Temesvar
Serb Voivodship and the Temes Banat
Serb Voivodeship
Serb Voivodeship
Serbian voivodeship
Serbian voivodeship
Serbian voivodeship
Serbian Voivodeship
Serbian Voivodeship
Serbian Voivodeship
Serbian Voivodeship
I appreciate your cartographic work, but do not let tendentious. This is manifested through the use of geographic titles, colors, etc. For example, this map is less tendentious than other version. Similar problem was with your map of so called "Serbian Realms", actually Balkan States that emerged after dissolution of Serbian Empire in the 14th century. I hope you dont get me wrong, but wiki maps whould be clear of serbocentric perspective. Best regards.
So, I am tendentious and I am trying to promote name of this article, right? If you did not noticed, I already agreed that both names "Voivodeship of Serbia" and "Serbian Voivodeship" are used in literature and therefore article "Name" section mention both these names and last map version that I draw also mention both these names in map legend. The question is which of the two names is mainly used in literature - I presented here a list of literature that mention name "Voivodeship of Serbia": - it is not mentioned in titles of those books because these books are speaking about various subjects, but inside these books name "Voivodeship of Serbia" is mentioned (if you do not believe me try to find such books in library). The sources that you listed only show that name "Serbian Voivodeship" is also used in literature, but they are not a proof that such name is a main name used for this province since name "Voivodeship of Serbia" is used by respectable historians such are Dr. Dušan J. Popović, Sima M. Ćirković, Vladimir Ćorović, Slavko Gavrilović, Čedomir Popov, J. H. Šviker, etc (see: ) Also, name "Voivodeship of Serbia" is also used on this page: - you will notice that page is sponzored by the Government of Vojvodina and that authors of the text were mr Tibor Pal and Kalman Kuntić, who certainly would not have an "serbocentric" view about the issue (here is also a map from the same web adress: ). And finaly, here is an original document from 1851 where name "Voivodeship of Serbia" (in German: "Voivodshaft Serbien") is used: PANONIAN
As for my map of Serbian states in the 14th century, I draw that map according to the map from historical atlas published in 1999 in Belgrade by "Geokarta" and "Zavod za udžbenike i nastavna sredstva" and authors of this atlas are 9 profesors, so if you have objections to info presented there please contact these profesors and ask them to change this map in the next edition of the atlas. Perhaps you forgot, but we are here in Wikipedia only to present info from available literature, not to spread our own personal and political opinions and our original research since there are other places for that. PANONIAN
I know that Serb authors also use title "Vojvodstvo Srbija" ("Voivodeship of Serbia") on serbian language, but we are discussing about standard english name of the article. I gave you list of google books with english title for this province. Original german name is important ("Voivodshaft Serbien"), but we need common english name for this article.
The thing is: there is no an standard or common English name for this province. English language use those geographical names that are officially used in various countries, and thus name "Voivodeship of Serbia" which is most commonly used in official circles is best solution for usage in English. PANONIAN
Ok, here is old Austrian map from 19. century and the name of the province is Wojwodowena und Banat. So, the most common name in english would be Vojvodina and Banat. Further in artice we can offer different names and explanations.
Please refrain yourself from selective interpretations of the sources. It is obvious that this map only show simplified name of the province. There are also other maps where province is named only "Vojvodina" or only "Banat" (like here: or here: ) The full official name, however, was "Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar" and there is no reason that we use any other name in article title. PANONIAN
Besides that, Vojvodina and Banat (Voivodeship and Banat) is as silly as Empire and Kingdom (of something).
If we wanted to use most common name, that it would be Serbian Vojvodina and Banat of Temeswar, because it wad named after two former provices: Serbian Vojvodina and Banat of Temeswar.
That is a logical fallacy. Habsburgs did recognized decisions of the may assembly from 1848 regarding creation of Serbian Vojvodina, but it was not officially recognized under that name or incorporated into political system of the state until the official formation of new province named Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar. In fact name "Serbian Voivodeship" was rather used unofficially for that new province and was used as such mostly by Serbs, but official authorities used official form which was "Voivodeship of Serbia". If that is not a case, please tell me why all these sources and historians presented on this discussion page are using name "Voivodeship of Serbia" for the province? Is something wrong with them or is it with you? 81.18.52.169 (talk)
:It looks like you misinterpreted sources. Better check it out again:
Serb Voivodeship and the Banat of Temesvar
Serbian Voivodeship and the Banate of Temes
Serbian Voivodship and Banat of Temesvar
Serbian Voivodship and Banat of Temesvar
Serb Voivodship and the Temes Banat
s
===Title part 2===
I am seing a mistake here. The name of the provnce was refering to the Timiș River and not the city of Timisoara as the current name sugests. FkpCascais (talk)
== Name ==
Article name is problematic from a common-name perspective. English-language results:
Serbian Voivodship and Banat of Temesvar
Serbian Voivodship
Serbian Voivodeship
Voivodship of Serbia and Temes Banat
Voivodship of Serbia and Tamiš Banat
Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar
Any thoughts?
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== Merge ==
The article Serbian Vojvodina covers the immediate predecessor of this polity; it was a short-lived (15 months) self-proclaimed autonomy, which was later formally granted in the form of this Voivodeship. Since both articles are relatively short, some parts are duplicated (heck, they even had the same flag) and polity histories gracefully blend into one another, I propose that we merge them into one. This would also solve navigation problems, e.g. Serbian Voivodeship is now a dab page between these two articles, but it's essentially the same province.
The ultimate name of the article may be changed in the processs; I see had reservations, above, but that's not an immediate concern of mine. No such user (talk)
The territory provinces are different (see both maps provinces; It's not like Serbia and Montenegro and FR Yugoslavia, their territory was the same), "Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar" included today's part of the Romanian (and Hungarian ?) Banat - city Temeschwar..."Serbian Vojvodina" is included today's part of the Hungarian (and Croatian ?) Baranja
Two different subject, no basis for the merge. Sorabino (talk)
Closing proposal, given the uncontested opposition. Klbrain (talk)
==Ilok==
If I am reading it correctly (map and article) town of Ilok was a part of the Neusatz District at the time and the district was itself a part of the Voivodeship? It would therefore be correct to include Croatia into the infobox section "today part of"?MirkoS18 (talk) | 914,164,368 | 2019-09-05T15:29:14 | Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar | 2,019 |
55,642,431 | == October 2017 ==
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1,239,712 | Fislisbach is a municipality in the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.
==History==
Fislisbach is first mentioned in 1184 as Vicelisbach.
==Geography==
, Fislisbach has an area of . Of this area, 47.5% is used for agricultural purposes, while 30.6% is forested. The rest of the land, (22%) is settled.
The municipality is located in the Baden district at the foot of the Heitersberg. It consists of the linear village of Fislisbach and scattered single and multi-family housing developments.
==Coat of arms==
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Azure a Cross Lorraine pattee fitchy patonce Argent
==Demographics==
Fislisbach has a population (as of ) of . , 22.5% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has grown at a rate of 6%. Most of the population () speaks German (87.0%), with Italian being second most common (2.8%) and Serbo-Croatian being third (1.6%).
The age distribution, , in Fislisbach is; 507 children or 10.0% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 544 teenagers or 10.7% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 654 people or 12.9% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 736 people or 14.5% are between 30 and 39, 853 people or 16.9% are between 40 and 49, and 664 people or 13.1% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 593 people or 11.7% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 351 people or 6.9% are between 70 and 79, there are 140 people or 2.8% who are between 80 and 89,and there are 19 people or 0.4% who are 90 and older.
, there were 163 homes with 1 or 2 persons in the household, 1,231 homes with 3 or 4 persons in the household, and 646 homes with 5 or more persons in the household. The average number of people per household was 2.32 individuals. there were 642 single family homes (or 26.8% of the total) out of a total of 2,396 homes and apartments.
In the 2007, federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 33.6% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP (18.4%), the CVP (17.5%), and the FDP (14.5%).
The entire Swiss population is generally well educated. In Fislisbach, about 77% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the school age population (), there are 382 students attending primary school, there are 130 students attending secondary school in the municipality.
The historical population is given in the following table:
==Sport==
Local football team FC Baden play at the Esp Stadium in the village.
==Economy==
, Fislisbach had an unemployment rate of 2.48%. , there were 102 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 15 businesses involved in this sector. 229 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 30 businesses in this sector. 788 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 129 businesses in this sector.
there were 2,751 total workers who lived in the municipality. Of these, 2,321 or about 84.4% of the residents worked outside Fislisbach while 582 people commuted into the municipality for work. There were a total of 1,012 jobs (of at least 6 hours per week) in the municipality.
==Transportation==
It can be accessed by the nearby A1 motorway. The Mellingen Heitersberg railway station is 1.5 km from the village.
==Religion==
From the , 2,672 or 53.7% are Roman Catholic, while 1,298 or 26.1% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there are 13 individuals (or about 0.26% of the population) who belong to the Christian Catholic faith.
==References==
==External links==
Municipalities of Aargau | 932,934,692 | 2019-12-29T01:48:31 | Fislisbach | 2,019 |
27,046,958 | "Thinking 'bout Somethin'" is a song written and performed by American pop/rock band Hanson. It is the first single from their fifth album, Shout It Out (2010). Lead vocals are provided by Taylor Hanson.
The song was released on iTunes in the U.S. on April 20, 2010 as an exclusive single before the release of the album.
A music video was released to promote the single. The video was directed by Todd Edwards, co-founder of Blue Yonder Films, and filmed by Kelly Kerr a Tulsa local. It was released for public viewing on their Myspace channel on April 15, 2010. Weird Al Yankovic has a cameo appearance as the tambourine player.
The filming of the music video was not done using a regular video camera but instead using the Canon EOS 7D dSLR and Nikon AI lenses. This was done to mimic vintage filming.
The video is also a pastiche of the "Shake a Tail Feather" number from the 1980 film The Blues Brothers.
==Track listing==
Written by Isaac Hanson, Taylor Hanson and Zac Hanson.
"Thinking 'Bout Somethin'" (single version) – 3:45
==References==
==External links==
2009 songs
2010 singles
Hanson (band) songs
Songs written by Isaac Hanson
Songs written by Taylor Hanson
Songs written by Zac Hanson | 873,626,762 | 2018-12-14T02:47:27 | Thinking 'bout Somethin' | 2,019 |
55,642,432 | Establishments in Guinea-Bissau by year
1948 establishments in the Portuguese Empire | 914,152,043 | 2019-09-05T14:11:35 | 1948 establishments in Portuguese Guinea | 2,019 |
10,352,360 | William David Burbach (born August 22, 1947) is a retired Major League Baseball pitcher who played for the New York Yankees from 1969 to 1971. Listed at 6' 4", 215 lb., Burbach batted and threw right handed. He was born in Dickeyville, Wisconsin, and attended Iowa University.
The Yankees selected Burbach in the first round, 19th pick of the 1965 MLB Draft. He spent four years in the Minor Leagues before joining the big team.
Burbach posted a 6–11 record with a 4.48 ERA in 37 pitching appearances for the Yankees, 28 of them starts including a shutout. Afterwards, he pitched in the Baltimore Orioles and Minnesota Twins Minor League systems in 1971 and 1972.
Overall, Burbach went 38–54 with a 3.69 ERA in 162 minor league games. In between, he played winter ball with the Cardenales de Lara club of the Venezuelan League in the 1971-72 season.
==Sources==
==External links==
, or Retrosheet
1947 births
Living people
Baseball players from Wisconsin
Binghamton Triplets players
Cardenales de Lara players
Greensboro Yankees players
Iowa Hawkeyes baseball players
Johnson City Yankees players
Major League Baseball pitchers
New York Yankees players
People from Grant County, Wisconsin
Rochester Red Wings players
Syracuse Chiefs players
Tacoma Twins players | 907,677,629 | 2019-07-24T14:31:06 | Bill Burbach | 2,019 |
15,357,723 | == January 2008 ==
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55,642,433 | == October 2017 ==
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43,369,328 | Passed DYK nominations from July 2014
The following is an archived discussion of the DYK nomination of the article below. Please do not modify this page. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as this nomination's talk page, the article's talk page or Did you know), unless there is consensus to re-open the discussion at this page. No further edits should be made to this page.
The result was: promoted by Hawkeye7 (talk)
====Texas Wrestling Hall of Fame====
... that the Texas Wrestling Hall of Fame is a hall of fame that honors pro wrestling personalities in the state of Texas....?
ALT1:... that the annual banquet and induction ceremony for the Texas Wrestling Hall of Fame is closed to the general public....?
ALT2:... that Texas All-Star Wrestling, the oldest independent promotion in Texas, was honored at the 2013 Texas Wrestling Hall of Fame....?
Created/expanded by User: (talk). Nominated by 72.74.215.113 (talk) at .
Neither hook fact is cited by a reliable source. Nowhere in the body does it state the Hall of Fame is the only of its kind in Texas. ALT1 is attributed to a source that has gone 404, and all signs point to "Cauliflower Alley Club" being unreliable. CR4ZE (t • c)
Comment. Both hooks are supported by all three radio interviews. The second is specifically cited to the Cauliflower Alley Club [ and the Wrestling Observer The third hook is supported by the | 620,147,839 | 2014-08-06T21:37:59 | Did you know nominations/Texas Wrestling Hall of Fame | 2,019 |
22,624,005 | == April 2009 ==
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55,642,437 | Porutguese Guinea
Guinea
Establishments in Guinea-Bissau by decade | 915,830,172 | 2019-09-15T14:59:32 | 1940s establishments in Portuguese Guinea | 2,019 |
43,369,331 | Autism
Autism articles by quality | 618,057,429 | 2014-07-23T01:05:29 | Disambig-Class Autism articles | 2,019 |
27,046,962 | == April 2010 ==
Your addition to List of Romantically Challenged episodes has been removed, as it appears to have added copyrighted material to Wikipedia without permission from the copyright holder. For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material; such additions will be deleted. You may use external websites as a source of information, but not as a source of article content such as sentences or images. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously and persistent violators will be blocked from editing. Logical Fuzz (talk)
If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices. | 357,406,767 | 2010-04-21T14:00:04 | 189.62.9.30 | 2,019 |
55,642,438 | __TOC__ | 807,595,937 | 2017-10-28T23:43:17 | Sockpuppet investigations/The Anonymous Earthling | 2,019 |
22,624,006 | == April 2009 ==
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31,460,001 | == April 2011 ==
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This is your only warning; if you make personal attacks on other people again, as you did at Malik Shabaz, you may be blocked from editing without further notice. Comment on content, not on other contributors or people. Basket of Puppies
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Fair enough! I'm passionate about my edits though. 66.175.205.171 (talk)
You have the right to remove notices from your own talk page, but remember we can still see them in the page history. I'm here just to add a sub-note to your block message regarding an edit summary on this page that was quite offensive. That alone would have got you blocked if you had not already been. Passion is no excuse for it, please be more civil in the future. Thanks. S.G.(GH) ping!
I'm not going to sit here and lie. I'm forceful. I'm tough. I've always been. When I see nonsense edits, you better believe I'm going to change them whether other users like it or not. 66.175.205.171 (talk)
Philippe, I'm very VERY tough.............. but fair. I'm very very VERY smart. That's why I have college degrees on my back. I'm smart. 66.175.205.171 (talk)
Judging by your nonsense comments here, I don't think your going to last very long on Wikipedia unless you change your outlook. S.G.(GH) ping! | 423,496,968 | 2011-04-11T11:35:29 | 66.175.205.171 | 2,019 |
43,369,332 | Amya (العمية) is a Syrian village located in Al-Saan Subdistrict in Salamiyah District, Hama. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Amya had a population of 366 in the 2004 census.
== References ==
Populated places in Salamiyah District | 916,362,810 | 2019-09-18T14:39:28 | Amya, Hama | 2,019 |
27,046,963 | == April 2010 ==
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== August 2010 ==
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If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices. | 380,334,733 | 2010-08-22T15:42:52 | 59.165.88.30 | 2,019 |
10,352,361 | The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.
The result was Delete
===Zarabatana Platform===
– (View AfD)(View log)
First-person advert for a games development project. No assertion of notability.
Delete First-person, moderately spammy, possibly CRYSTAL as well. JavaTenor
The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page. | 120,572,420 | 2007-04-05T20:40:13 | Articles for deletion/Zarabatana Platform | 2,019 |
31,460,008 | University of Silesia in Katowice is the name of the Alma Mater, not University of Silesia! | 614,439,357 | 2014-06-26T00:09:00 | University of Silesia in Katowice alumni | 2,019 |
43,369,333 | Autism
Autism articles by quality | 618,057,455 | 2014-07-23T01:05:47 | File-Class Autism articles | 2,019 |
22,624,011 | == April 2009 ==
===Your edits to 1978===
Dear 71.105.21.119,
Some of your on the page
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55,642,439 | 902,276,818 | 2019-06-17T19:05:09 | Ahnentafel-tree | 2,019 |
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13,147,986 | ==Regarding edits to Rad (film)==
Thank you for contributing to Wikipedia, 74.71.202.48! However, your edit here was reverted by an automated bot that attempts to remove spam from Wikipedia. If you were trying to insert a good link, please accept my creator's apologies, but note that the link you added, matching rule petitiononline\.com, is on my list of links to remove and probably shouldn't be included in Wikipedia. Please read Wikipedia's external links guidelines for more information, and consult my list of frequently-reverted sites. For more information about me, see my FAQ page. Thanks! AntiSpamBot | 156,375,512 | 2007-09-07T23:17:37 | 74.71.202.48 | 2,019 |
43,369,334 | Autism
Autism articles by quality | 618,057,488 | 2014-07-23T01:06:08 | Portal-Class Autism articles | 2,019 |
485,989 | Irish migration to Great Britain has occurred from the earliest recorded history to the present. There has been a continuous movement of people between the islands of Ireland and Great Britain due to their proximity. This tide has ebbed and flowed in response to politics, economics and social conditions of both places. Ireland was a feudal Lordship of the Kings of England between 1171 and 1541; a Kingdom in personal union with the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Great Britain between 1542 and 1801; and politically united with Great Britain as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland between 1801 and 1922. Today, Ireland is divided between the independent Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, a constituent of the United Kingdom.
Today, millions of residents of Great Britain are either from Ireland or have Irish ancestry. It is estimated that as many as six million people living in the UK have at least one Irish grandparent (around 10% of the UK population).
The Irish diaspora (Diaspóra na nGael) refers to Irish people and their descendants who live outside Ireland. This article refers to those who reside in Great Britain, the largest island and principal territory of the United Kingdom.
==Medieval era==
During the Dark Ages, significant Irish settlement of western Britain took place. The 'traditional' view is that Gaelic language and culture was brought to Scotland, probably in the 4th century, by settlers from Ireland, who founded the Gaelic kingdom of Dál Riata on Scotland's west coast. This is based mostly on medieval writings from the 9th and 10th centuries. However, recently some archeologists have argued against this view, saying that there is no archeological or placename evidence for a migration or a takeover by a small group of elites. Due to the growth of Dál Riata, in both size and influence, Scotland became almost wholly Gaelic-speaking until Northumbrian English began to replace Gaelic in the Lowlands. Scottish Gaelic remained the dominant language of the Highlands into the 19th century, but has since declined.
Before and during the Gregorian mission of 596 AD, Irish Christians such as Columba (521–97), Buriana, Diuma, Ceollach, Saint Machar, Saint Cathan, Saint Blane, Jaruman, Wyllow, Kessog, St Govan, Donnán of Eigg, Foillan and Saint Fursey began the conversion of the English and Pictish peoples. Modwenna and others were significant in the following century.
Some English monarchs, such as Oswiu of Northumbria (c. 612 – 15 February 670), Aldfrith (died 704 or 705) and Harold Godwinson (died 1066) were either raised in or sought refuge in Ireland, as did Welsh rulers such as Gruffudd ap Cynan. Alfred the Great may have spent some of his childhood in Ireland.
In the year 902 Vikings who had been forced out of Ireland were given permission by the English to settle in Wirral, in the north west of England. An Irish historical record known as "The Three Fragments" refers to a distinct group of settlers living among these Vikings as "Irishmen". Further evidence of this Irish migration to Wirral comes from the name of the village of Irby in Wirral, which means "settlement of the Irish", and St Bridget's church, which is known to have been founded by "Vikings from Ireland".
Irish people who made Britain their home in the later medieval era included Aoife MacMurrough, Princess of Leinster (1145–88), the poet Muireadhach Albanach (fl. 1213), the lawyer William of Drogheada (died 1245), Máel Muire Ó Lachtáin (died 1249), Malachias Hibernicus (fl. 1279–1300), Gilbert Ó Tigernaig (died 1323), Diarmait MacCairbre (executed 1490) and Germyn Lynch (fl. 1441–1483), all of whom made successful lives in the various kingdoms of Britain.
==Sixteenth to eighteenth centuries==
Historically, Irish immigrants to the United Kingdom in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were considered over-represented amongst those appearing in court. However, research suggests that policing strategy may have put immigrants at a disadvantage by targeting only the most public forms of crime, while locals were more likely able to engage in the types of crimes that could be conducted behind locked doors. An analysis of historical courtroom records suggests that despite higher rates of arrest, immigrants were not systematically disadvantaged by the British court system in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
Some notable people born in Ireland who settled in Great Britain between the 16th and 19th centuries:
Richard Burke, 4th Earl of Clanricarde, died 1635.
Robert Boyle, FRS, died 1691.
Laetitia Pilkington, died 1750.
Richard Brinsley Sheridan
George Monro (British Army officer), 1700–57.
Patrick Brontë, 1777–1861.
Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington
Thomas Moore, died 1852.
Bram Stoker, author of Dracula
Oliver Goldsmith author of The Deserted Village
Edmund Burke politician, reformer, writer
Mary Burns
Robert Tressell The Ragged Trousered Philanthropists
==19th century onwards==
The most significant exodus followed the worst of a series of potato crop failures in the 1840s - the Great Irish Famine. It is estimated that more than one million people died and almost the same again emigrated. A further wave of emigration to England also took place between the 1930s, and 1960s by Irish escaping poor economic conditions following the establishment of the Irish Free State. This was furthered by the severe labour shortage in Britain during the mid-20th century, which depended largely on Irish immigrants to work in the areas of construction and domestic labour. The extent of the Irish contribution to Britain's construction industry in the 20th century may be gauged from Sir William MacAlpine's 1998 assertion that the contribution of the Irish to the success of his industry had been 'immeasurable'.
Ireland's population fell from more than 8 million to just 6.5 million between 1841 and 1851. A century later it had dropped to 4.3 million. By the late 19th century, emigration was heaviest from Ireland's most rural southern and western counties. Cork, Kerry, Galway, Mayo, Sligo, Tipperary and Limerick alone provided nearly half of Ireland's emigrants. Some of this movement was temporary, made up of seasonal harvest labourers working in Britain and returning home for winter and spring. By the mid-1930s, Great Britain was the choice of many who had to leave Ireland. Britain's wartime economy (1939–45) and post-war boom attracted many Irish people to expanding cities and towns such as London, Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham, Glasgow and Luton. Prior to the 2000s financial crisis, ongoing sectarian violence and its economic aftermath was another major factor for immigration.
According to the UK 2001 Census, white Irish-born residents make up 1.2% of those living in England and Wales. In 1997, the Irish Government in its White Paper on Foreign Policy claimed that there were around two million Irish citizens living in Britain, the majority of them British-born. The 2001 Census also showed that Irish people are more likely to be employed in managerial or professional occupations than those classed as "White British".
As a result of the Irish financial crisis, emigration from Ireland has risen significantly. Data published in June 2011 showed that Irish emigration to Britain had risen by 25 per cent to 13,920 in 2010.
Some notable people born in Ireland who settled in Great Britain in the 19th century:
Oscar Wilde, (18541900)
==London Irish==
The term 'London Irish' relates to people born in London of Irish descent. London has Great Britain's biggest Irish population and there was a particularly big community in the (affectionately known) 'County Kilburn' area of northwest London. With urban gentrification and higher housing costs, many of London's working-class Irish-Catholic community have moved further out from Kilburn to Cricklewood.
Another large Irish community was in the Archway area, where many Irish "navvies" came to work in building railways and roads from the 1830s onwards. The community grew larger throughout the Famine years and then again after the Second World War when the Whittington Hospital in Archway recruited nurses from Ireland. This area became associated with Irish political activism with the election of Michael O'Halloran as MP for Islington North in 1969. O'Halloran referred to his supporters as "the Irish mafia". In 2017, a new public space outside Archway underground station was named "Navigator Square" after the Irish "navvies".
The Camden Town area of London, as well as Shepherds Bush, were also known for their large Irish communities.
== Irish in Britain ==
===Irish in England===
In 2001, there were 674,786 people in England (1.4 per cent of the population) who had been born in Ireland. This is the greatest concentration of Irish-born—as distinct from persons of Irish ancestry—abroad anywhere in the world and was equivalent to 12.1% of the population of the island of Ireland (5.6 million) in 2001.
====Sports teams====
Sports teams with links to the Irish community exist in England, although this is not as marked as in Scotland.
In football, Aston Villa, Arsenal, Leeds United, Everton, Manchester United have a tradition of representing the Irish communities in their area although unlike many clubs in Scotland they were not formed on the basis of representing the Irish community. For example, Arsenal has featured ethnically Irish players such as Liam Brady, Terry Neill, Pat Rice, Niall Quinn, David O'Leary and Graham Barrett. Aston Villa has featured many Irish players such as Steve Staunton, Paul McGrath, Richard Dunne and former managers David O'Leary and Martin O'Neill. Aston Villa has a large Irish following in the West Midlands which has the highest proportion of Irish people in England. Both Everton and Liverpool have roots in a Methodist church but Everton F.C. was often described as Liverpool's Irish Catholic team, probably because Everton had a number of Irish internationals in the 1950s. Liverpool F.C. was formed by a prominent Orangeman but this fact did not deter Liverpool people from a Catholic background supporting the team. Everton has notably produced Wayne Rooney who is of Irish descent and have recently featured promising Irish international Séamus Coleman; as were prominent Liverpool players who were Everton fans in their youth such as Jamie Carragher and Steve McManaman. Recently Jonjo Shelvey has become the latest in a line of Liverpool players with Irish heritage, going back to the days of Mark Lawrenson, Ronnie Whelan and Ray Houghton. Neither Liverpool nor Everton have a sectarian affiliation and many families are split in support of the clubs.
With the managership of Sir Matt Busby, Manchester United also emerged as a club with a considerable Irish following both in Great Britain and in Ireland itself as well as having notable Irish stars like George Best, Norman Whiteside, Mal Donaghy, Denis Irwin, Roy Keane, and recently John O'Shea.
In Rugby league, Dewsbury Celtic represented the large Irish community in Dewsbury, and St. Helens represent communities in Merseyside. The rugby union club London Irish represents the community in London. There is also a GAA Londain (London in Irish) team representing the GAA clubs in London, that plays in the Connacht province (in Gaelic football) and Ulster (in [(see | 931,772,487 | 2019-12-21T03:05:22 | Irish people in Great Britain | 2,019 |
31,460,009 | == April 2011 ==
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10,352,363 | == "F.X." ==
Though I'm only speculating, it might stand for the typical Bavarian name pair Franz Xaver. -andy 77.191.222.178 (talk) | 928,130,123 | 2019-11-27T00:42:13 | Robert F. X. Sillerman | 2,019 |
22,624,012 | == April 2009 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to the page Sean Gagnon has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you. Maxis ftw (talk) | 286,981,345 | 2009-04-30T03:13:43 | 152.20.174.238 | 2,019 |
55,642,444 | The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.
The result was delete. Sandstein
===Trukkin===
– (View AfDView log Stats)
()
Fails CORPDEPTH, "quotations from an organization's personnel as story sources". No ORGIND sources and clear SPIP. Company hasn't received enough coverage to be considered notable. Nihlus
Note: This debate has been included in the list of Companies-related deletion discussions. CAPTAIN RAJU(T)
Note: This debate has been included in the list of United Arab Emirates-related deletion discussions. CAPTAIN RAJU(T)
Delete provided sources are nothing better than regurgitated press releases and run of the mill coverage; additionally there appears to be some COI on the part of the creator. jcc (tea and biscuits)
Speedy delete as unambiguous advertising; 100% promo in content and execution. I requested a deletion under G11; let's see if it takes. (talk)
Comment – A user has removed what they considered to be promotional content from the article. See diff. North America1000
Regardless of the content of the article now, I still consider the subject to be fundamentally lacking in notability. jcc (tea and biscuits)
Note: This debate has been included in the list of Transportation-related deletion discussions. North America1000
The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page. | 808,515,568 | 2017-11-03T09:32:57 | Articles for deletion/Trukkin | 2,019 |
43,369,335 | Aniq Bajra (عنيق باجرة) is a Syrian village located in Al-Saan Subdistrict in Salamiyah District, Hama. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Aniq Bajra had a population of 313 in the 2004 census. Aniq Bajra was captured by SAA on 21 January 2018 from ISIS.
== References ==
Populated places in Salamiyah District | 916,362,881 | 2019-09-18T14:39:48 | Aniq Bajra | 2,019 |
55,642,445 | Devecser (Devecseri járás) is a district in western part of Veszprém County. Devecser is also the name of the town where the district seat is found. The district is located in the Central Transdanubia Statistical Region.
== Geography ==
Devecser District borders with Pápa District to the north, Ajka District to the east, Sümeg District to the south, Celldömölk District (Vas County) to the west. The number of the inhabited places in Devecser District is 28.
== Municipalities ==
The district has 1 town and 27 villages.
(ordered by population, as of 1 January 2013)
The bolded municipality is city.
==See also==
List of cities and towns in Hungary
==References==
==External links==
Postal codes of the Devecser District
Districts in Veszprém County | 841,189,775 | 2018-05-14T14:52:43 | Devecser District | 2,019 |
22,624,014 | == April 2009 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to the page Species has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you. Maxis ftw (talk) | 286,981,367 | 2009-04-30T03:13:52 | 76.28.249.74 | 2,019 |
10,352,366 | Landwehr is a village and a former municipality in the district of Hildesheim in Lower Saxony, Germany. Since 1 November 2016, it is part of the municipality Freden.
==References==
Hildesheim (district)
Former municipalities in Lower Saxony | 760,910,771 | 2017-01-19T19:58:48 | Landwehr, Lower Saxony | 2,019 |
43,369,338 | Autism
Autism articles by quality | 618,057,515 | 2014-07-23T01:06:29 | Project-Class Autism articles | 2,019 |
55,642,446 | 885,353,737 | 2019-02-27T14:22:13 | 1948 in Portuguese Guinea | 2,019 |
|
55,642,447 | ]
===Music===
As one of the largest venues in the UK, the arena has hosted music concerts since opening in 1995 and is the arena's primary source of visitors.
On 26 March 2000, English boy band Five performed at this venue as part of their Invincible Tour. The show was also filmed for a concert special, called Five Live, that was released on DVD and VHS later that same year.
Janet Jackson performed there on 31 May 1998 as part of her The Velvet Rope Tour. Jackson was scheduled to perform during her All for You Tour on 5 December 2001, but the show was cancelled with the rest of her European tour because of possible terrorist threats. The same happened on her 2016 Unbreakable World Tour because of scheduling conflicts.
Britney Spears performed at the arena for the first time on 13 and 14 October 2000 during her Oops!...I Did It Again Tour. She returned on 1 May 2004 on her Onyx Hotel Tour and on 17 June 2009 during her Circus Tour. After 2 years, she returned for Femme Fatale Tour.
In 2002, Kylie Minogue performed on the 1, 2, 3, 4, 11 and 12 May as part of her KylieFever2002 tour. Minogue also performed part of her Showgirl Tour on 23, 24, 26, 27 and 28 April 2005. In 2007, she performed on 12, 13, 18, 19, 21, 22 and 23 January as the final part of her Homecoming Tour. In 2008, she came back to perform on 11, 12, 14, 15, 17 and 18 July as part of her X world tour. Minogue came back on 1, 2, 4 and 5 April 2011 as part of her Aphrodite World Tour. Minogue performed again at the arena on 26 September 2014. The performance marked the 30th time Minogue has performed at the arena, a record for the venue as its most performed artist. It is also a record for Minogue, being the venue she has played to most in the world; she has played to 400,000 fans in total in the Manchester Arena. The Manchester Evening News had previously described Minogue as the "undoubted queen of the Manchester Arena".
In July 2010, the arena celebrated its 15th birthday with a multi-artist gig, presented by Real Radio (North West). An audience of nearly 10,000 was entertained by Scouting for Girls, Pixie Lott, The Script, Alexandra Burke, The Hoosiers, The Saturdays, Gabriella Cilmi, Taio Cruz, Craig David, Beverley Knight, Olly Murs, Amy McDonald, The Baseballs and Fyfe Dangerfield. Former steward, Peter Kay was a surprise guest which was hosted by Real Radio breakfast presenters Ditchy and Salty.
American entertainer Beyoncé performed three sold out shows at the arena as part of her The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour on 7, 8 and 9 May 2013. She returned on 25 and 26 February 2014 for two more sold out shows. The X Factor winner Sam Bailey was the opening act. Both shows became the fastest concert to sell out the entire arena in history. This was the fifth tour Beyoncé has performed at the arena following concerts for her Dangerously in Love Tour (2003), Destiny Lovin' It (2005), The Beyoncé Experience (2007) and the I Am... World Tour (2009).
As of 2015 British pop group Take That, who were formed in Manchester, hold the record for the most number of performances.
Olly Murs performed at the arena on 17 and 18 March 2017, as part of the first leg for his new UK tour, Spring & Summer Tour 2017.
Ariana Grande performed at the arena on 22 May 2017 as part of the Dangerous Woman Tour. After this, a suicide bombing took place at the foyer of the arena. (see below)
On 25 June and 1 August 2017, Celine Dion was set to bring her Celine Dion Live 2017 tour here, but it was replaced to First Direct Arena due to 2017 Manchester Arena bombing.
On 06 February 2018, Lady Gaga will perform her Joanne World Tour here.
On 10 December 2017, Mariah Carey will bring her All I Want for Christmas Is You, A Night of Joy and Festivity show here. | 807,410,048 | 2017-10-27T19:35:53 | Xinyang Aliciabritney/sandbox131 | 2,019 |
31,460,011 | École secondaire les Etchemins (ESLE) is a French-language in Charny, Quebec, Canada operated by the Commission scolaire des Navigateurs school board. The principal is Caroline Marcotte. The school includes an auditorium, the Salle Louis-Philippe Arcand.
In 2015, Yvan Girouard, a teacher at École secondaire les Etchemins, was the recipient of the Prime Minister's Awards for Teaching Excellence.
==References==
==External links==
School page at school board's site
High schools in Quebec
Buildings and structures in Lévis, Quebec
Education in Chaudière-Appalaches | 866,230,381 | 2018-10-29T02:56:10 | École secondaire les Etchemins | 2,019 |
22,624,016 | == Welcome ==
Welcome!
Hello, , and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are some pages that you might find helpful:
The five pillars of Wikipedia
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I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your messages on discussion pages using four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically insert your username and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on , or ask your question on this page and then place before the question. Again, welcome!
— Σxplicit | 286,981,379 | 2009-04-30T03:14:02 | Hnldaniel | 2,019 |
55,642,450 | Empire | 914,152,243 | 2019-09-05T14:12:42 | 1948 establishments in the Portuguese Empire | 2,019 |
31,460,013 | == Blackie built as 0-4-0T ==
Some of the electronic paper trail needs to be stowed away here for possible future reference during edits of the Blackie article. The realisation that the locomotive began life as a 0-4-0T and not, as had always been thought, in the 0-4-2WT configuration it was preserved in, began with Littley's discovery of the accomanying picture, taken c. September 1861, and subsequent articles that were published by Littley and Dusty Durrant. (Both articles used as references on the article.)
The apparent second dome in the picture and the dome positions bothered me a little. Some of the email correspondence between John Middleton and myself that followed to clear up the mystery of the twin domes, follows below for future reference.
From: "Andre H Kritzinger"
To: "John Nicholas Middleton"
Date: 09/13/2013 04:31 PM
Subject: Re: The Cape Town Railway and Dock Company
Yes, Leith Paxton picked up the Blackie issue as well and sent me copies of the articles by Littley and Durrant. I'll tackle that in a day or so. One question I'd like your opinion on first, though: In the picture with Littley's article the locomotive appears to have two domes. Either that, or there were objects carried on top of the side tanks that obscured the single dome? What looks like the dome is visible between these two items.
The articles mention that the conversion was possibly in preparation for the work at Port Alfred. (I suppose it may also have been while it was repaired after ending up in the ditch when the Pickering contractors became upset.)
The flanges on the second drivers may then have been removed during the conversion as well, and not at Port Alfred...
From: John Nicholas Middleton
To: Andre H Kritzinger
Sent: 14 September 2013 03:25 PM
Subject: Re: The Cape Town Railway and Dock Company
BLACKIE is certainly an interesting topic. The rebuilding was quite significant and could of course have included a new boiler. In the Littley shot I would guess one dome is the steam dome and one is a sand dome, often put on top of boilers as a warm place to keep the sand dry. It was a common practice in the USA but not so much in the UK with its restricted loading gauge. Similarly in SA, sand box practice soon became running plate mounted rather than boiler mounted. The object between the domes could be the safety valves. I wonder if the original loco was top heavy - the rebuilding to a well tank suggests that it might have been.
From: "Andre H Kritzinger"
To: "John Nicholas Middleton"
Date: 09/14/2013 10:48 AM
Subject: Re: The Cape Town Railway and Dock Company
I thought it could be a sand dome as well, but when comparing the picture to present day shots of Blackie, the objects appear to be located further forward and backward respectively than the present dome. Also, the objects appear to be rectangular, not round. The object visible between them sits in the same position as the present-day dome and appears to be round.
A boiler change could explain it, but in 1861 the locomotive was not even two years old so it would be rather early for a boiler replacement.
From: John Nicholas Middleton
To: Andre H Kritzinger
Sent: 14 September 2013 04:58 PM
Subject: Re: The Cape Town Railway and Dock Company
Not sure - on the loco today the dome is mounted almost centrally between the axles and although the angle (front 3/4) on the 0-4-0T shot is difficult to tell it appears to be roughly the same. Sand domes can be square but having enlarged the photo, I wonder if the square boxes are actually on the side tank and could thus be tool boxes - they appear to be slightly offset from the dome. Finally we have no evidence of an 1861 rebuilding, it could be anytime between then and the shot at Port Alfred.
André Kritzinger (talk)
== External links modified ==
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43,369,340 | Ithriya (أثريا) is a Syrian village located in Al-Saan Nahiyah in Salamiyah District, Hama. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Ithriya had a population of 2118 in the 2004 census.
==History==
During the Syrian Civil War, Ithriyah became a strategically important point. It lays on the last highway under government control connecting the city of Aleppo to Khanasir and the Salamiyah region. In the Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (February–March 2016) and Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (June 2016), the town was used as a launching point for offensives against IS.
== References ==
Populated places in Salamiyah District | 931,976,532 | 2019-12-22T16:18:05 | Ithriya | 2,019 |
10,352,369 | ==Removed==
I am removing one, if not a few names, until I have better evidence that they appeared in vaudeville. Some entries are referenced in Laurie's Vaudeville, but little information is provided.
===Notes===
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43,369,341 | Autism
Autism articles by quality | 618,057,566 | 2014-07-23T01:06:52 | Redirect-Class Autism articles | 2,019 |
31,460,014 | Singersville is an unincorporated community in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania in the Harrisburg-Carlisle Metropolitan Statistical Area, the latitude is 40.377, and the longitude -76.912, its elevation is .
== External links ==
Singersville Profile
Harrisburg metropolitan area
Unincorporated communities in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania
Unincorporated communities in Pennsylvania | 737,663,051 | 2016-09-04T08:16:07 | Singersville, Pennsylvania | 2,019 |
55,642,482 | 901,852,519 | 2019-06-14T18:12:33 | Marcus Aemilius Papus | 2,019 |
|
485,996 | The Romashkino field (Ромашкинское нефтяное месторождение; Ромашкино нефть чыганагы) is an oil field in Tatarstan, Russia. Discovered in 1948, it is the largest oil field of Volga-Ural Basin. The field is operated by Tatneft.
The field covers approximately . The oil deposit is lays in depth of about in Kinovskiy and Pashiyskiy formations. Since its commissioning, the Romashkino field had produced over of oil. Statistic analysis predicted depletion at . However, advanced technologies allow for extraction of more oil.
Oil fields of Russia
Geography of Tatarstan
Oil fields of the Soviet Union | 910,560,695 | 2019-08-12T22:29:46 | Romashkino Field | 2,019 |
31,460,015 | == April 2011 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Thank you. Jasper Deng (talk)
If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices. | 423,412,248 | 2011-04-10T22:31:37 | 96.226.192.84 | 2,019 |
43,369,344 | Al-Sa'an (السعن, also spelled as-Si'in and also known as Sa'n al-Shajara) is a Syrian town located in the al-Sa'an Subdistrict in Salamiyah District, located in the Syrian Desert, 50 kilometers northeast of Salamiyah and northeast of Hama. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), al-Sa'an had a population of 3,360 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Ismailis.
Al-Sa'an was founded in the late 19th century by Ismaili migrants from other parts of northern Syria who chose to settle the place because of worsening economic conditions in the interior parts of Syria, the low taxes that living in the Syrian Desert fringes offered, and the place's proximity to Salamiyah, the center of Ismaili life in Syria. During the Ottoman era, when it was founded, it became the remotest Ismaili village in Syria. At the time, it contained a military post manned by Ottoman troops.
== References ==
Populated places established in the 19th century
Populated places in Salamiyah District
19th-century establishments in the Ottoman Empire
Ismaili communities in Syria | 916,361,964 | 2019-09-18T14:34:27 | Al-Saan | 2,019 |
15,357,727 | The longfin yellowtail (Seriola rivoliana), also known as the almaco jack, amber, amberjack , crevalle, deep-water amberjack, European amberjack, falcate amberjack, highfin amberjack, longfin kingfish, rock salmon yellow kingfish and silvercoat jack, is a game fish of the family Carangidae; they are in the same family as yellowtail and amberjack. They feed, both day and night, on other smaller fish such as baitfish and small squid. The flesh is thick and dense like tuna and can easily pass for white albacore if prepared as sushi.
==Taxonomy==
Achille Valenciennes, and Georges Cuvier first described this species in 1833, although Cuvier died in 1832. Valenciennes and Cuvier together described many fish species, most notably in the 22 volume Histoire naturelle des poissons, (Natural History of Fish).
==Description==
The longfin yellowtail has a less elongated, more flattened body than most jack species. Their dorsal fin and anal fins are elongated, and their outer edges have a definite sickle shape. The first rays of the Almaco dorsal fin's longest parts are nearly twice as long as the dorsal spines, also different from other jacks.
They reach a typical length of , sometimes reaching and .
Longfin yellowtails are generally dusky-colored with faint amber or olive stripes down their sides. Their upper bodies and lower fins are usually dark brown or dark blue-green. The belly is much lighter and appears brassy or lavender. The nuchal bar and most of the fins is dark on adults. Exceptions are the pelvic fins which are white on the ventral sides.
==Distribution and habitat==
The longfin yellowtail is a pelagic species that can be found in small groups on slopes and off of reefs at depths from . They visit wrecks more often than most other jacks. In the Indian to the west Pacific oceans, Almaco jack live from Kenya to South Africa and have been spotted off Mariana Islands, Wake island, Ryukyu Islands, Kermadec Islands and New Caledonia. In the eastern Pacific, Almaco jack live from California to Peru and the Galápagos Islands. In the western Atlantic, they live mostly from Cape Cod to northern Argentina although they are rare off North and South Carolina. Almaco jack are not as common in the Eastern Atlantic as elsewhere. Almaco live near Great Britain and off Lampedusa in the Mediterranean sea.
They typically swim at depths ranging from .
==Behavior==
The longfin yellowtail's unusual stamina makes them a prime target for deep sea fishermen.
They remove skin-based parasites by rubbing against the rough skin of passing sharks. Almaco jack also rub against passing scuba divers because they mistake them for sharks. These fish spawn as often as weekly throughout the year.
==Aquaculture==
longfin yellowtails are farmed/ranched near the Island of Hawaii under the brand name Hawaiian Kanpachi; and in La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico under the brand name: Baja Kanpachi, as a domesticated alternative to wild tuna. Global production reached in 2008. They have never been commercially harvested on a large scale and are abundant in the wild. Almaco jack can cause a disease in humans called ciguatera through bioaccumulation of ciguatoxin produced by a microscopic organism called dinoflagellate. However, farmed Almacos on a controlled diet are free of these dinoflagellates and therefore do not result in ciguatera if eaten.
These fish have among the best feed-conversion ratios ever achieved. With no selective breeding at all, the amount of fish required to produce one pound ranges from 1.6:1–2:1, ten times better than the observed ratio for bluefin tuna. The resulting meat has a fat content of around 30%.
They are typically grown in ring or diamond-shaped net pens moored to the sea bottom below. The sites chosen are areas that experience mild currents that mitigate the impact of the waste that the fish drop.
==As Food==
The flesh of the longfin yellowtail is quite delicious and can be prepared in a myriad of dishes from completely raw (e.g. sushi, sashimi, crudo, etc.) to fully cooked (e.g. grilled, steamed, baked, etc.).
==Notes==
==References==
Seriola rivoliana, Almaco Jack – . Retrieved Monday, January 21, 2008..
IUCN 2007. 2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 21 January 2008.
==External links==
MarineBio
SERIOLA RIVOLIANA from New Caledonia (En/Fr)
Longfin yellowtail
Fish of the Atlantic Ocean
Fish described in 1833 | 927,574,494 | 2019-11-23T10:31:21 | Longfin yellowtail | 2,019 |
43,369,345 | Autism
Autism articles by quality | 618,057,654 | 2014-07-23T01:07:39 | Template-Class Autism articles | 2,019 |
31,460,018 | == April 2011 ==
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43,369,346 | Autism
Autism articles by quality | 618,057,674 | 2014-07-23T01:07:51 | NA-Class Autism articles | 2,019 |
55,642,486 | The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.
The result was merge to Bengaluru FC. The Bushranger One ping only
===History of Bengaluru FC===
– (View AfDView log Stats)
()
The main bulk of the content and citations are directly copied from main article about the club. A separate article is not needed for such a young club. I recommend deletion and merge the little content back to Bengaluru FC. Govvy (talk)
Note: This debate has been included in the list of Football-related deletion discussions. CAPTAIN RAJU(T)
Note: This debate has been included in the list of Sports-related deletion discussions. CAPTAIN RAJU(T)
Note: This debate has been included in the list of India-related deletion discussions. CAPTAIN RAJU(T)
Note: This discussion has been included in WikiProject Football's list of association football-related RAJU(T)
Keep - History page is a more detailed summary of the club history compared to main page. Inception and the first season are important for both pages, that's the reason it has a lot of similarity. The later seasons contain only major points in the main page. Coderzombie (talk)
Reply History club articles are meant to be an expansion of the main club history when the original article gets to large or too vast to navigate. (BRANCH). Barnet F.C. is an 129 year old English club which doesn't have a separate article for it's history or it's fans. The only reason why you have a separate article for your fans is because a number of editors even admins have failed to understand simple guidelines of WP:BRANCH and COMMONSENSE. Your football club expanse is only four years old. It may pass GNG on it's own, but when it's counts to the subject as a whole and you already have the main body of the article in the original club article you created then COMMONSENSE applies. For what you have created at the moment is simply copying the majority what you have written on the main article. The article is still a young tree my friend. Govvy (talk)
Note: This debate has been included in the list of History-related deletion discussions. Shawn in Montreal (talk)
Delete I find it very hard to believe we need a pov-fork article on history for anything under 10 years old. Even that seems very low, but 4 years for a "history" article is just crazy Pack Lambert (talk)
, could you try harder to voice AFD opinions that have a connection to wikipedia policy? I am sure, with some effort, all kinds of instances where an article on something recent merited a valid policy compliant fork could be offered to counter the opinion you offered here. But why go to that effort, when you haven't made the effort to offer any connection to the policies and guidelines that opinions here are supposed to be based on? Geo Swan (talk)
Further, I just refreshed my memory on what POVFORK addresses
Merge - does not merit a separate article, should be merged back with parent. GiantSnowman
Merge Anything worthwhile back to the club article. The history of a club 4-years old is too shot to merit a history article. Peterkingiron (talk)
Merge - per above two !votes. Four years as a club does not warrant a separate article. Inter&anthro (talk)
Keep Three contributors above call for a merge "back" into the main article. Hmmm. Was this article forked from the article on the club? Nope. The record shows wrote the first draft, of about 14K, on 2016-05-31. If this were an actual fork, we would see something like 10-14K trimmed from the main article. The record shows Coderzombie did edit the article about the club, on that date, but their edits [ were merely relatively minor mundane copy-editing. So, this part of the merge suggestions is based on a misconception. Coderzombie's creation of this article followed seven routine copy editing changes to the article about the club. They cut nothing from the main article to create this article. It seems to me that the creation of 14k of coherent and properly documented content is something we should applaud. A general theme of those calling for delete or merge seems to be that the topic of the history of this sports club just doesn't seem significant enough to merit a standalone wikipedia article. But wait a second, we are supposed to rely on GNG and other notability guidelines, when determining notability. Sufficient references that cover a topic in detail is the gold standard there. I don't remember any deletion or notability policy or guideline that says we should rely a feeling that a topic just doesn't seem significant enough to merit an article to determine notability. Sorry, no offense, but basing an AFD opinion on whether a topic SEEMS significant is an instance of a lapse from the good advice at IDONTLIKEIT. The main article is already pretty long. As are 2013–14 Bengaluru FC season, 2014–15 Bengaluru FC season, 2015–16 Bengaluru FC season, 2016–17 Bengaluru FC season, and they seem coherent and well referenced, as well. Forking off subtopics, when a main topic is already long is a perfectly reasonable thing to do. Merge proponents routinely overlook the serious disadvantages of unnessary merges.
If we merged this article, and the other articles, into the article on the club, its length could cause an uncomfortable delay, on rendering.
It is easier for readers to go to some other information by clicking on a link, than searching for it with a browser's search function, or visually scanning for that info, while scrolling. Clicking on a link has the further advantage that the reader can return back to where they started by clicking on the back button. If they went to the related information through scrolling, or the browser's search function, returning to where one was, before looking for that additional information requires MORE searching.
unnecessary merges erode the value of the "what links here" button, and of our watchlists. Only articles, full articles, can go on a watchlist. We can't have a watchlist for a mere section of an article. When the wikipedia consists of smaller, more focused articles, then our watchlists can be more nuanced, more useful. Similarly, when every article is focussed on a single topic, a reader can trust more fully that anything that links to the article they are currently reading is actually related to the topic they want to know about. Geo Swan (talk)
I've never seen you contribute to WP:Football project, yet you seem to think Bengaluru FC is a big article. Trust me, it's small compared to most football clubs. Also we use a set Manual of Style and what has happened here in my view is that the History article has been created way to early. You're looking way to deep into this. Govvy (talk)
Big? The article is long, many bytes. As to how important those who work on the Football project consider it, compared with other football clubs? I neither know nor care. Are you really arguing that the article is too long, because there are articles on football clubs that you consider to be more important, for some reason, that are shorter this this article? Wow. That is a new one on me.
With regard to this manual of style, are you saying the Football project has its own manual of style, and this article, somehow violates that manual of style? If so, I have two questions for you. First, please point to the manual, and show us exactly how this article is violating it. Second, I have never heard of deleting an article merely because the current state didn't conform to a manual of style. The usual response to an article with stylistic problems is to try and fix them, call for fixing them on the article's talk page, or selectively add appropriate tags. If you are recommending deletion over an issue of style, please understand that is highly unusual. Please explain which exceptional stylistic problem can't be resolved through simple editing, so it requires deletion.
You say I am "looking way to {sic} deep into this". Nominator , the first line of your nomination: "The main bulk of the content and citations are directly copied from main article about the club." is, to be charitable, wildly incorrect. If you find having that drawn to other readers' attention embarrassing, I am afraid I don't think I have anything to apologize for. I don't go out of my way to embarrass other contributors, when I think they lapse from policy, as we are all fallible. But, really, isn't a better response to finding one's self embarrassed to resolve to be more careful, in future? Geo Swan (talk)
Merge - no need for this fork at this stage in the club's history. Insufficient encyclopedic content for a standalone article, current length is fine for main club article. Fenix down (talk)
Merge or just delete, as the history at Bengaluru FC and the individual season pages already cover all of this material. power~enwiki (π, ν)
Merge - no apparent reason for this fork, since the club is so young. There's not much different info here than in the main article. TOOSOON applies. If the club's history was much longer, we'd cut back the history section in the main article correspondingly, to make the content easier to maintain. TimTempleton (talk) (cont)
The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page. | 808,605,430 | 2017-11-03T22:38:45 | Articles for deletion/History of Bengaluru FC | 2,019 |
31,460,019 | == April 2011 ==
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Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at D'Arcy McNickle with this edit. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. Ruy Pugliesi◥ | 423,413,171 | 2011-04-10T22:38:27 | 72.175.91.55 | 2,019 |
15,357,728 | 876,863,054 | 2019-01-05T00:02:13 | Baixa de Cassanje revolt | 2,019 |
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43,369,347 | Bgheidid (بغيديد) is a Syrian village located in Al-Saan Subdistrict in Salamiyah District, Hama. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Bgheidid had a population of 50 in the 2004 census.
== References ==
Populated places in Salamiyah District | 916,364,861 | 2019-09-18T14:50:46 | Bgheidid | 2,019 |
27,046,964 | The Robert Morris Colonials women's ice hockey program represents Robert Morris University. The Colonials compete in the College Hockey America conference.
==History==
March 31, 2004: Robert Morris University announced that an NCAA Division I women's ice hockey team would compete, in the College Hockey America (CHA) Conference, starting with the 2005–06 season.
Kevin McGonagle was named the first head coach, but following a 1–7–0 start he was dismissed. Assistant coach Jody Katz was named the interim head coach for the rest of the season, and men's assistant coach Nate Handrahan was named new head coach for the 2006–07 campaign.
Nate Handrahan was head coach for five years from the 2006–07 through the 2010–11 seasons. He successfully built a stable program, bringing talented players into the program who would excel after his tenure. and amassed a 52–111–14 record, before taking the head coaching job of the Ohio State women's hockey program.
Paul Colontino was named head coach for the 2011–12 season, and remains in the position after six years. He made the Colonials a competitive team, finishing with more wins than losses in 5 of 6 years. In his first year, Colontino led the Colonials to their first CHA Tournament championship. As the CHA had not automatic berth in the NCAA tournament at the time, their CHA win ended their season.
The most successful season for the Colonials was the 2016–17 season. Their 24–5–6 record (15–3–2 in the CHA) earned them Their first year-ending ranking, 8th, in both the USCHO and USA Today polls. They won the CHA regular season championship for the first time, and took the Tournament Championship as well, to earn their first entry to the NCAA national championship. They were defeated by top ranked Wisconsin 0–7 in the first round of the NCAA Tournament.
===Year by year===
==Awards and honors==
Brittany Howard, 2017-18 Second Team All-America
==International==
===Olympians===
==See also==
Robert Morris Colonials men's ice hockey
==References==
Ice hockey teams in Pennsylvania | 902,074,930 | 2019-06-16T11:03:46 | Robert Morris Colonials women's ice hockey | 2,019 |
31,460,020 | Motorcycles by brand
British motorcycles listed by marque
AMC motorcycles | 547,256,268 | 2013-03-27T13:10:17 | AJS motorcycles | 2,019 |
485,999 | {|
|}
RFA Brambleleaf (A81) was a Leaf-class small tanker of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary. She should not be confused with RFA Brambleleaf of 1979, an active RFA tanker also of pennant number A81.
RFA Brambleleaf was built by Furness Shipbuilding Company of Stockton-on-Tees. She was launched as the civilian London Loyalty for London & Overseas Freighters in 1953 and completed on 8 January 1954. She was a sister ship of RFA Bayleaf (A79) built by the same shipyard for LOF the following year.
She was bareboat chartered for the RFA in 1959 and renamed RFA Brambleleaf. She was returned to her owners in 1972, who transferred her to their Mayfair Tankers subsidiary and registered her in Liberia as the Mayfair Loyalty.
On 9 September 1974 she was laid up at La Spezia, Italy. On 27 February 1976 she was sold for scrap, and demolition began in La Spezia in July of that year.
==References==
==Sources and further reading==
==External links==
Tankers of the United Kingdom
Ships of London and Overseas Freighters
Tankers of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary
Leaf-class tankers
1954 ships
Ships built on the River Tees | 888,817,773 | 2019-03-21T16:49:02 | RFA Brambleleaf (1959) | 2,019 |
15,357,731 | Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. A link to the edit I have reverted can be found here: link. If you believe this edit should not have been reverted, please contact me. Corpx (talk)
== January 2008 ==
Please do not vandalize pages, as you did with this edit to Diarrhea. If you continue to do so, you will be blocked from editing. ✰ALLSTAR✰ echo | 186,031,613 | 2008-01-22T03:02:13 | 24.235.41.220 | 2,019 |
10,352,386 | ==March 2007==
===Per vandalism to CzarNick===
You have been blocked from editing Wikipedia as a result of your . You are free to make constructive edits after the block has expired, but please note that vandalism (including page blanking or addition of random text), spam, deliberate misinformation, privacy violations, personal attacks; and repeated, blatant violations of our neutral point of view policy will not be tolerated. -- Netsnipe ► | 118,838,739 | 2007-03-29T18:36:35 | 70.156.90.217 | 2,019 |
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