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In molecular physics, the Pariser–Parr–Pople method applies semi-empirical quantum mechanical methods to the quantitative prediction of electronic structures and spectra, in molecules of interest in the field of organic chemistry. Previous methods existed—such as the Hückel method which led to Hückel's rule—but were limited in their scope, application and complexity, as is the Extended Hückel method. This approach was developed in the 1950s by Rudolph Pariser with Robert Parr and co-developed by John Pople. It is essentially a more efficient method of finding reasonable approximations of molecular orbitals, useful in predicting physical and chemical nature of the molecule under study since molecular orbital characteristics have implications with regards to both the basic structure and reactivity of a molecule. This method used the zero-differential overlap (ZDO) approximation to reduce the problem to reasonable size and complexity but still required modern solid state computers (as opposed to punched card or vacuum tube systems) before becoming fully useful for molecules larger than benzene. Originally, Pariser's goal of using this method was to predict the characteristics of complex organic dyes, but this was never realized. The method has wide applicability in precise prediction of electronic transitions, particularly lower singlet transitions, and found wide application in theoretical and applied quantum chemistry. The two basic papers on this subject were among the top five chemistry and physics citations reported in ISI, Current Contents 1977 for the period of 1961–1977 with a total of 2450 references. In contrast to the Hartree–Fock-based semiempirical method counterparts (i.e.: MOPAC), the pi-electron theories have a very strong ab initio basis. The PPP formulation is actually an approximate pi-electron effective operator, and the empirical parameters, in fact, include effective electron correlation effects. A rigorous, ab initio theory of the PPP method is provided by diagrammatic, multi-reference, high order perturbation theory (Freed, Brandow, Lindgren, etc.). (The exact formulation is non-trivial, and requires some field theory) Large scale ab initio calculations (Martin and Birge, Martin and Freed, Sheppard and Freed, etc.) have confirmed many of the approximations of the PPP model and explain why the PPP-like models work so well with such a simple formulation. ==References== Molecular physics Semiempirical quantum chemistry methods

Pariser–Parr–Pople method

== April 2009 == Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to the page Alan C. Pope High School has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you. Maxis ftw (talk)

65.6.157.217

is a Shinto shrine located in the Bunkyō ward of Tokyo, Japan. Established in 458, it is now devoted to Tenjin, the kami of Learning. For this reason, it is also called Yushima Tenjin. It is located very close to Ueno Park, and not far from the University of Tokyo. It is a frequently sited by prospective students hoping to pass the entrance exams, particularly in April. At this time, the temple receives many offerings of ema, votive tablets to petition the kami for success. One of the most famous features of the shrine are the blossoms of his plum trees (ume) in the spring. In February and March, the annual festival Ume Matsuri is held, attracting many visitors. == History == Yushima Tenman-gū was originally established for the worship of , a kami associated with sports and physical power found in Japanese mythology (most famously in the Kojiki and Nihon Shoki). In February 1355 the shrine was expanded to enshrine the kami as well. Tenjin is the deification of Sugawara no Michizane (845–903), a famous scholar, poet and politician from the Heian period. As a kami he is associated to scholarship and learning. Currently both kami are enshrined in Yushima Tenman-gū. The shrine was later rebuilt in October 1455 at the behest of local warlord Ota Dokan (1432–1486), and enjoyed greater popularity during the Edo period when it was visited by such Confucian scholars as Hayashi Doshun (1583–1657) and Arai Hakuseki (1657–1725). The current structures of Yushima Tenman-gū were rebuilt in 1995. They were made using only cypress, and following closely the tradition of Shinto architecture. == Gallery == == Annual events == The yearly events and festival at Yushima Tenman-gū are: Hatsumode (New Year's visit) 1 – 7 January Ume Matsuri (Plum trees festival) 7 February – 7 March Tenjin-sai (The grand festival) 25 May Kiku Matsuri (The chrysanthemums flowers festival) 1 – 23 November == Access == There is no admission fee for visitors to enter the shrine precincts. It is open from 6 am to 8 pm (the shop from 8:30 am to 7 pm). The entrances is at a 2-minute walk from Exit 3 of Yushima Station on the Chiyoda Line. == Branch == There is a branch of Yushima Tenmangū located in the Wakahowatauchi district of Nagano (city) next to the Kitano Museum of Art == References == == External links == Yushima Tenman-gū Official website Shinto shrines in Tokyo Buildings and structures in Bunkyō Ueno, Tokyo Sugawara no Michizane

Yushima Tenmangū

== April 2009 == Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Greco–Persian Wars, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted by ClueBot. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. If you believe there has been a mistake and would like to report a false positive, please report it here and then remove this warning from your talk page. If your edit was not vandalism, please feel free to make your edit again after reporting it. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Greco–Persian Wars was changed by 71.34.90.233 (u) (t) making a minor change adding "!!!" on 2009-04-30T03:20:25+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot (talk) Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did with this edit to the page Greco–Persian Wars. Such edits constitute vandalism and are reverted. Please do not continue to make unconstructive edits to pages; use the sandbox for testing. Thank you. Until It Sleeps

71.34.90.233

Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. A link to the edit I have reverted can be found here: link. If you believe this edit should not have been reverted, please contact me. Corpx (talk) == January 2008 == Please refrain from making test edits in Wikipedia articles even if your ultimate intention is to fix them. Such edits appear to be vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment again, please use the sandbox. KJS77Talk If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make any unconstructive edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant warnings.

71.29.67.4

==Grenier Fired or Resigned? Prompted by Rodriguez or Goss?== The reference to Grenier's "dismissal" in no way supports the claim that he was "Fired by Goss." It does say, however, that his "predecessor" in the Counterterrorism Operations, who has since been identified as Jose Rodriguez, "had been trying to force him out for months." (

Robert Grenier (CIA officer)

Revolutionary Movement of the Congo

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98.225.9.47

== March 29 == Please do not add the type of negative comments on articles on Wikipedia, as you did to Towneley Park. Your edits appear to be vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Chitrapa

81.110.125.176

== January 2008 == Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Matt Deres (talk) If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make any unconstructive edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant warnings. Please do not vandalize pages, as you did with this edit to Local government in Canada. If you continue to do so, you will be blocked from editing. FastLizard4 (Talk•Index•Sign)

76.226.148.114

== April 2010 == Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Musique concrète, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Thank you. RepublicanJacobiteThe'FortyFive' If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make any unconstructive edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant warnings.

121.221.154.37

{| |} RFA Fort Austin is a British Fort Rosalie-class dry stores ship of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary. Fort Austin was laid down at Scott Lithgow in 1975, launched in 1978 and commissioned in 1979. These ships were designed to carry a wide range of dry stores to support fleet task forces; ammunition, food, explosives. They have extensive aviation facilities, with two flight decks, one to the stern and one spot on top of the hangar, up to four Sea Kings can be stored in the large hangar. These ships also have the capability to replenish ships at sea, via six RAS points. ==Operational history== ===Falklands War 1982=== When the Falklands War began, the ship was deployed in the western Mediterranean for the annual Spring Train exercise, and received orders to head south, taking part in the landings at San Carlos Water as a stores and ammunition ship. When the order to head south was given, several warships had the WE.177A nuclear weapon deployed aboard. Amongst these were the Type 22 frigates and and the aircraft carriers and . Some newspaper reports also named RFA Fort Austin. The Ministry of Defence explored various options to transfer these nuclear weapons from the frigates to the safety of the deep magazines aboard Fort Austin, Hermes and Invincible. An MoD publication describes a complex series of manoeuvres to avoid the presence of these nuclear warheads in areas that would break the UK obligation to the Treaty of Tlatelolco, often referred to as the Latin-America Nuclear Free Zone. In no circumstances could ships carrying nuclear weapons enter territorial waters around the Falkland Islands. After the conflict ended, weapons were transferred at sea to the two RFAs Fort Austin and Resource for transport back to the UK. ===2000s=== In 2000, the ship supported the British military intervention in the Sierra Leone Civil War. Beginning in September 2007, the ship underwent a major refit and modernization at the A&P Tyne shipyard in Hebburn, Tyne and Wear. In July 2009, RFA Fort Austin was decommissioned and placed in reserve at Portsmouth Naval Base. Following the Strategic Defence and Security Review of October 2010 it was decided to reactivate her at the expense of the larger RFA Fort George, which would be decommissioned. ===2010s=== On 27 May 2011 Fort Austin left Portsmouth under tow by the Belgian tug Union Wrestler and tug Svitzer Pembroke for a £40m refit at Cammell Laird in Birkenhead. This refit was intended to keep her in service until 2021. Later that year it was announced that her service life would be extended until 2023; the Fort class will ultimately be replaced by the Fleet Solid Support element of the Military Afloat Reach and Sustainability programme. She left Birkenhead on 5 September 2012, arriving three days later at DM Crombie in the Firth of Forth. She arrived back in Plymouth at the end of 2012 and spent early 2013 exercising in home waters. Fort Austin formed part of the COUGAR 13 task group, providing stores, fuel, water, and ammunition Fort Austin is also participating in the 2014 IMCMEX. In 2015, Fort Austin was again laid up, this time in Birkenhead. Despite concerns she would be decommissioned she entered Cammell Laird for refit in 2017 and it was confirmed her planned out of service date had been revised to 2024. During the course of the refit, on 15 August 2017, Fort Austin suffered a fire on the upper deck. Her 60 crew were evacuated. The damage is not considered to be serious. ==Notes and references== ==External links== RFA Fort Austin - Royal Navy official website Timeline at 1978 ships Ships built on the River Clyde Fort Rosalie-class replenishment ships Cold War auxiliary ships of the United Kingdom Active auxiliary ships of the United Kingdom Falklands War naval ships of the United Kingdom Maritime incidents in 2017

RFA Fort Austin

Ribeirinha is a civil parish in the municipality of Lajes do Pico in the Portuguese Autonomous Region of the Azores. It is the only parish in the municipality to be totally on the northern coast of the island. The population in 2011 was 374, in an area of 8.49 km². It is the smallest parish in the municipality by area. It contains the localities Baixa, Biscoito, Ribeirinha and Terra Alta. ==History== It was established in 1980, when it was carved from the neighboring civil parish of Piedade, with which it shares its border on the eastern coast. ==References== Parishes of Lajes do Pico

Ribeirinha (Lajes do Pico)

Yuri Leonidovich Belousov (Russian: Ю́рий Леони́дович Бело́усов; November 14, 1945 Chelyabinsk Oblast, USSR — May 4, 2000, Yekaterinburg), Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, was a researcher and engineer in the field of Materials Science: glass and Glass-ceramic technologies. Yuri Belousov authored or co-authored numerous books and publications, and earned more than 10 patents and inventions related to new glass-ceramic materials, colored glasses, foam glass and ceramic glazes with high thermal shock resistance for carbon containing materials. His main achievements, which were developed in the USSR, include a unique method of glass annealing and toughening (together with O.V. Mazurin; see toughened glass, annealing (glass)), obtaining the first USSR free-dust method of sealing of glass ampoules which prevented the ingress of glass dust into medicinal ampouled preparations (in collaboration with O.V. Mazurin and others). Yuri Belousov is also the main author and creator of a theoretical method of determining viscosity of silicate melts, allowing one to perform theoretical calculations of viscosity and thus predict commercial glass, cement and slag compositions. == Biography and early research work == Yuri Belousov was born in a Ural town of Troitsk, Chelyabinsk Oblast in Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. His father’s family began as Ukrainian peasants (original name was Bilous) from Poltava Governorate who arrived in Ural, Russia, in the early 20th century to receive a portion of land, promised by the Stolypin reform. His maternal grandfather Gennady Beketov, a descendant of Volga Tatars following the October Revolution, was the first director one a Soviet bank in Saratov Region (now Saratov Oblast). After his death in 1921, his family moved to Ural. In 1964, Yuri entered the Ural Polytechnic Institute (later Ural State Technical University (USTU)), Sverdlovsk (now Yekaterinburg) in the department of Glass Technology. After graduation, continued his postgraduate studies there. In 1974, he defended his doctoral thesis in the field of glass ceramics made of industrial slags. In 1975, he started to work in one of the Research Institutes of Ural where successfully developed thermal shock resistance glazes for carbon refractory. In 1978, his research was documented in a film by Sverdlovsk Film Studio. In the end of 70s, he accepted an offer on work by Vilen Ivakhnyuk, an internationally recognized researcher, who made a scientific discovery, a founder and the first director of Belgorod Technological Institute of Constructional Materials (former BTISM), now Belgorod Shukhov University. == Main achievements and inventions == While working in the institute in collaboration with Leningrad’s researcher O.V. Mazurin, Yu. Belousov wrote the book The Annealing and Tempering of Glass, a popular and famous manual among engineers. This book, devoted to a new method of glass treatment, became a respected reference guide for specialists and researchers in other related industries. Based on this method, in 1988, Yu. Belousov, O.V. Mazurin and others developed USSR’s first technology of a glass dust-free method of sealing glass ampoules, which significantly decreased contamination in medicinal ampouled preparations. This invention was first introduced at one of the Soviet biopharmaceutical plants currently belonging to the Russian concern VEROPHARM. By the end of 80s, Yuri Belousov and his colleagues resolved an issue of exploding glass sparkling wine bottles which had caused serious lacerations to workers in wine bottling facilities in Ukraine. Yuri Belousov’s main achievement was development a method of calculating the viscosity of glassy melts based on known equations of viscosity. Before anyone else, Yu. Belousov gathered, described and compiled a data base of viscosity values of glasses and slags. Then, using Arrhenius equation, he developed the basic principles and a formulaic calculation algorithm of the viscosity of melts, which provided a fairly precise measurement. The method is based on the theoretical viscosity values of melts of binary, ternary, quaternary and more complex oxide phase diagrams of the silicate systems. It allowed to avoid the current, expensive processes for determining viscosity in practice. Under his guidance, his post-graduate students prepared several Ph.D. theses, three of which were defended after his death. Yuri Belousov died in 2000 in the age of 54 due to poor health. In recognition of his great contribution to the technology of Silicate materials field, in 1983, Yuri Belousov was awarded the Silver Medal of the main Soviet state exhibition VDNKh (Russia), the Exhibition of Achievements of the People's Economy. His daughter followed his steps: she became a professional engineer (P. Eng.) in the field of ceramics and refractories, she lives and works in Canada. == Some publications == 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. == References == 1945 births 2000 deaths Russian engineers Russian materials scientists Soviet engineers 20th-century engineers

Yuri Leonidovich Belousov

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76.226.160.104

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137.90.241.54

==Wording vs. Facts== Only the right hand may thus be used for the stick and both-hands operation is neither possible, nor required. It seems obvious from the supplied image that the pilot of an airliner, seated customarily on the left, cannot very well use his right hand to operate the side-stick mounted on his left. That would be awkward, and make precise steering difficult. I changed the wording accordingly. Textor (talk) Quite true, the hand used depends on the seat as the stick is outboard in both cases. Thanks for fixing that! - Ahunt (talk) == Yoked controls == In a twin-control aircraft with traditional center sticks, each pilot can sense the effect of the other's actions. I understand that this is not true in a side-stick plane. What I have not been able to discover is what happens if the pilots make opposite inputs. Does the pilot have to make his side-stick active in order to use it after the other pilot has used his? A knowledgeable person could certainly improve the article with an answer to this. Fotoguzzi (talk) It depends greatly on the type of aircraft. The Cirrus SR-22 for instance has mechanical side sticks that operate the same as any mechanical controls, the stronger person wins! In most electrical side stick aircraft there is some means of control transfer so the computers know who to listen to and who to ignore. - Ahunt (talk) == External links modified (January 2018) == Hello fellow Wikipedians, I have just modified one external link on Side-stick. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes: Added archive to When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs. Cheers.—InternetArchiveBot (Report bug)

Side-stick

Robert Guy (athlete)

==Territories== I think territories should be listed under the region they're actually located in, rather than the country that owns them. So, Puerto Rico and USVI should be under the Caribbean, Canary Islands and Azores under North Africa, etc. Otherwise, where would the line be drawn as to what should be included under the country? If we have territories under their respective countries, then there would be some strange results such as New Caledonia and Réunion being listed in Western Europe. Rather than trying to decide what goes where, everything should be in its geographic location. Dbinder Ive moved back the Canary Islands to Spain. Believe me nobody, residents or tourists, would say "I am in Africa". Not even 1 in a 100. Its not like Puerto Rico or British territories. They are completely integrated in Spain. I see ypu are puting Russian all under Europe (which I agree with). I would suggest the same logic for all of the "Kingdom of Spain" under Europe. Jameswilson Rather than get in an edit war over this, let's see what others have to say. This is not a list of where these places are located politically, but geographically. Either way, if it's included in Europe, it should be in a separate section, not listed with all the other cities in Spain. Dbinder Also, Encarta lists them in Africa, they are not in Western European travel guides that I've seen, etc. There is no question as to where they are politically, but geographically, they're in North Africa. Dbinder May I suggest that if we have cases where there are differences of opinions that we do a simple poll here and live by the consensus, or maybe even a simple majority to stop the reverts. I did not realize how many issues putting this list in place would create, but I guess it is better to resolve them in one place. Vegaswikian COMPROMISE PROPOSAL - PUT THEM IN BOTH SECTIONS As I see it, the problem is this. The boundaries of continents are not fixed (eg, between Asia/Oceania, is there one American continent or two?). There is no geographical rule for establishing where the boundary should be. Its entirely a matter of consensus and general use. And the line changes from time to time. The countries of the Caucasus have gone back and forth between Asia and Europe several times depending on the fashion of the time. In this case (Canaries) I certainly dont accept that it is an undisputed "geographical fact" that the Canaries are in Africa. British/European use (travel books, atlases) puts them in with the rest of Spain in Europe (99% of us, apart from some pedantic old geologist maybe, who will probably want to put Iceland in North America at the same time). If we put them under North Africa, people on this side of the Atlantic simply wont find what they are looking for. However, you say that American sources such as Encarta still put them under Africa (how archaic LOL) so Americans wont find them if they are listed under Europe. So I propose we simply put them in both sections so as to be user-friendly. Everybody can find what they are looking for. This article is going to be extremely long anyway (how many airports are there in Russia alone?) so six or seven extra lines wont make any difference if it keeps the peace. Jameswilson That sounds alright to me. Dbinder Actually - another idea to avoid double-listing. How about they stay in Western Europe, but have a seperate listing like the British Crown Dependencies? Dbinder I'm not a fan of double listing. I'd rather see a single place in the list. I have been thinking about creating a classification for Bermuda and the Canary Islands, but I don't see how that makes sense. They both have similar problems. Bermuda is generally included with the Carribean since it is an isolated island. A similar issues is with listing Waahington, DC as a s detination. How many airports are located there as oppoesed to serving the city? One solution is to let the people on the westside of the Atlantic decide on the fate of Bermuda, USVI and others, and those on the east side decide the fate of the Canary Islands and Azores. No matter how we decide, it might be wise to have a link, only in the master list, to the correct entry so that everyone knows where it is so they do not assume it is missing. And as I wrote that, I wondered if that could be the solution? Vegaswikian Another issue may be Saint-Martin and St. Maarten, the two sides of one island. The main airport is on the Dutch side, St. Maarten, so how should this be listed? Vegaswikian /St. Maarten shouldn't be an issue. It works fine as they are now. It's not that important to me if the Canaries and Azores are listed in North Africa or Western Europe, but they should be in separate subheadings than their respective countries, since they are territories and not "in" the country. I don't know anyone who's said they were going to Spain when they visited the Canary Islands; they just said they were going to the Canary Islands. Same goes with the Azores and Portugal. Dbinder I bet they didnt say they were going to North Africa either! Subheading OK if you must though the Canaries are provinces not territories (Think Hawaii - is Hawaii in Oceania?). Anyway enough of that. I have no problem with Bermuda being in either North America or the Caribbean as you wish. (British books seem to be divided on the point). In general I agree with the idea of letting Americans do the deciding over there and the British/Europeans decide cases over here - I think thats what happens for 'Wikipedia Naming Conventions' already. Anyway, I'll leave you alone now cos airports are not really my thing. For the record before I go here is a list of the "British" definitions (Whitakers Almanack) for your future reference. Europe - Isle of Man, Channel Islands, Gibraltar, Balearic Islands, Canary Islands, Madeira, Azores, Faroe Islands North America - Greenland, St Pierre/Miquelon Central America and West Indies - Anguilla, Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, Turks and Caicos Islands, British Virgin Islands, US Virgin Islands, Aruba, Netherlands Antilles South America - Falkland Islands, South Georgia, French Guiana Asia - none Africa - St Helena (Ascension Island, Tristan da Cunha), Mayotte, Reunion Oceania - Pitcairn, American Samoa, French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Guam, Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau, Wallis and Futuna Islands Jameswilson I stand corrected. I was always under the impression they were separate territories. In that case, they definitely should be listed under Spain. Dbinder ==Country Names== I've been using the official UN-recognized names for countries, since those will avoid any controversy as to which version of the name should be used. Dbinder == Cleanup == Fill in missing airports Resolve listing issues Azores Canary Islands Make sure we have all airports with commerical service listed (and only those airports; not general aviation-only ones) Announce list is ready to use in AIRLINES Add red linked airports to the nedeed list in AIRPORTS Strike through if you think the item is completed. Add mising items to the end of the list Please feel free to modify the above list of open isues as needed. I think we need to know what work we have left so that someone is working on those items. I'm sure I'm missing something. Vegaswikian == other information == I added a small section about how to list hubs, focus cities, seasonal service and begin and end of service dates. I think these are not going to be a problem, but if there are objections we can discussion/adjust. Vegaswikian == Some questions == Is everyone happy with the following entries: Ohio (For Cincinnati, see Kentucky) Under Kentucky the entry is Cincinnati, Ohio (Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport) Virginia Washington, D.C. suburbs (Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport) (Washington Dulles International Airport) Vegaswikian ==Whistler Airport== The Canada Flight Supplement and the Water Supplement only list three aerodromes for Whistler and none of these are listed as "Whistler Airport". One is a water aerodrome and the other two are heliports. So I linked it to Whistler/Green Lake Water Aerodrome as I am pretty sure that is the correct one. However it may be Whistler (Municipal) Heliport. CambridgeBayWeather (Talk) ==Disputed territory== How should we handle airports in disputed areas? Should they be listed under the country that legally controls the land or separately as a disputed area? Since I've been going in order through the list, I'm at Morocco, which presents the problem of Western Sahara. Gaza airport was destroyed, so there aren't any airports in Palestine that I know of. There is an airport in Abkhazia, however (although it might not have service right now since all surrounding countries have blockaded them). Back to Western Sahara; this is more difficult, since there is no overwhelming sentiment in either direction. Some countries recognize Morocco's claim, whereas others recognize it as independent. Dbinder (talk) ==PRC SARs== How should Hong Kong and Macau be listed? Should they be under China or under separate headings? I lean towards the separate headings, since they are largely independent from the mainland government. Dbinder (talk) I'd go for China instead, actually. == Proposal for Vancouver to become Vancouver/Richmond == Since almost nobody here in the Vancouver area considers the airport to be in Vancouver but rather in Richmond (as it falls within that city's borders), perhaps it might be a better idea to use "Vancouver/Richmond" instead. Another reason behind this is the fact that Vancouver being a huge Asian airlines hub (basically Canada's gateway to Asia), and Richmond is widely known as an "Asian city" Just a note: It's about economic impact more than location. Besides Vancouver itself, the economic impact for the airport is probably most obvious for Richmond, wayyyy more than any other surrounding municipality. -→Buchanan-Hermit™/?! It is common to list the airport as serving the city that gives name to the metropolitain area, in YVRs case, Vancouver, as the airport serves the entire metropolitain area in the Lower Mainland (Greater Vancouver). This is standard practise all over the world. It is almost the exception these days (due to transport planning policies) to find an international airport in the same administrative district as the city it serves. Note also that all airlines list flights to Vancouver, not to Richmond (simply because "no-one" outside Canada has ever heard of the suburb). If this list was to follow a practise of naming the city where the airport lays as well probably half the list would have to be re-written. Note that it is common for the municipality hosting the airport to be effected greatly economically because of the airport. This had nothing to do with what the airport is to be listed as, since the list mentiones the city it serves, i.e. a way of saying the metropolitain area that it lays in, not the city it is located in. Arsenikk I agree with Arsenikk. There was a similar discussion about listing Helsinki's airport as Vantaa, since the airport is actually located there. This would set a bad precedent and would lead to the question of where to draw the line. Many major international airports are not actually in the cities they serve, so the list would have to be significantly changed. Dbinder (talk) I also agree with Arsenikk. I could begin listing multiple airports which are located in a municipality other than the one the city derives its name from, but which serve the greater city area, but where would I stop? There would be too many. == Why is this list political, not geographical? == Greece is listed under Western Europe while Croatia In my opinion, we should have Northern Europe, Western Europe, Central Europe, Eastern Europe and Southern Europe as the region of Europe. I propose to use the definition of sub-regions used by the United Nations (see on the right). This nicely follows both geographical and political criteria, and has the obvious advantage of being agreed upon by the organisation which agrees upon things, so to speak. ;-) I concur that it may be a prefered method, although I would suggest some regional names be reviewed. In Asia, for example, the terms East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia and Southwest Asia are more commonly-used then "Eastern Asia", Southeastern Asia", "Southern Asia" and "Western Asia" respectively. Ditto to "Northern America", "Mddle Africa" and so on... Also, while most of the regional boundaries are pretty established, the one between "Southern Asia" and "Western Asia" seems rather strange, for it is not exactly common for Iran to be classified with India over the Middle Eastern countries. Afganistan do occasionally pop up in the South Asia region thou according to some publications. Well, changing the names without affecting subregion borders is perfectly fine by me (I'd add Central Africa instead of "Middle Africa"). Moving a country from one region to another is less understandable... I'd vote against it. There are various possible subcategorisation, based on different criteria, but if we choose to stick to the UN classification, we should take it as it is, otherwise further disputes may arise, and we'd be back at square one. I see your point there. Fair enough. I noticed something strange about the Americas in the source thou. Notice the Americas is subdivided into Latin America and the Caribbean Caribbean Central America South America Northern America Yet the footnote for Norhern America says "The continent of North America comprises Northern America, Caribbean, and Central America." So where does the Caribbean and Central America belong to if they appear in two continents? I'd use the state-by-state list below, and divide the Americas directly in four (North, Central, Caribbean, South). So would you clasify "Americas" as a continent, or you are having four seperate continents? This dosent seem to tally with what the UN is saying about what constitutes "North America". This is how I would organise the article (hope I don't forget anything): 1. Africa 1.1 North Africa 1.2 West Africa 1.3 Central Africa 1.4 East Africa 1.5 South Africa 2. Americas 2.1. North America 2.2. Central America 2.3. Caribbean 2.4. South America 3. Asia 3.1 West Asia 3.2 Central Asia 3.3 South Asia 3.4 East Asia 3.5 South-East Asia 4. Europe 4.1 Northern Europe 4.2 Western Europe 4.3 Southern Europe 4.4 Eastern Europe (including all of Russia) 5. Oceania 5.1 Australia 5.2 New Zealand 5.3 Micronesia 5.4 Melanesia 5.5 Polynesia I've ordered the five basic items alphabetically, but of course any numbering may be chosen. I would disagree with the way the Americas are handled, because Americas is not considered a continent, while North America and South America are. The same UN source already specifies the definition of North America, so yours dosent quite tally. I would also rename "West Asia" as "Southwest Asia". See Southwest Asia for the reasoning. Finally, the US designated Australia and NZ in one region, not two. I agree about Oceania: 5. Oceania 5.1 Australia & New Zealand 5.2 Micronesia 5.3 Melanesia 5.4 Polynesia As far as the Americas are concerned, I still prefer the "divide by four" solution, which would also nicely preserve the symmetry of single nations being listed as third-order items. My classification and region names would go like this: 1. Africa 1.1 Central Africa 1.2 East Africa 1.3 North Africa 1.4 Southern Africa 1.5 West Africa 2. Antarctica 3. Asia 3.1 Central Asia 3.2 East Asia 3.3 South Asia 3.4 Southeast Asia 3.5 Southwest Asia 4. Europe 4.1 Eastern Europe 4.2 Northern Europe 4.3 Southern Europe 4.4 Western Europe 5. North America 2.1. Caribbean 2.2. Central America 2.3. Northern America (still undecided about this one) 6. Oceania 5.1 Australia and New Zealand 5.2 Melanesia 5.3 Micronesia 5.4 Polynesia 7. South America If there is an "Americas" which isnt strictly considered a continent, then we have to add "Eurasia" too. As to the americas, I think it should be listed as 4. America's - Caribbean to include the Bahamas and Bermuda not sure how to list this - Central America - North America - South America Vegaswikian This presentation dosent quite make sense. While North America and South America are well established as continents, it is less so for Central America, and hardly ever for the Caribbean. To present it as such suggest they are all equal as far as the continental hierachy system is concerned. :Well, places like Polynesia are not continents either. While continents are a nice place to start. Logical grouping of these should not be ruled out. For the record, all of these ignore Antarctica which I believe has at least three airports: Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station Airstrip, Ice Runway, and Williams Field. Vegaswikian ::If you may read the presentation correctly, Polynesia is not being treated as a continent since it is a second-level entry, on the same level as all other regions. The only exception in the above hierachy would be Australia, but treating it as a continent would mean excluding the other pacific island countries, hence this special treatment as has been alluded elsewhere. You are also free to include Antarctica to the listing. What about 1. Africa 1.1 Central Africa 1.2 East Africa 1.3 North Africa 1.4 Southern Africa 1.5 West Africa 2. Antarctica 3. Asia 3.1 Central Asia 3.2 East Asia 3.3 South Asia 3.4 Southeast Asia 3.5 Southwest Asia 4. Europe 4.1 Eastern Europe 4.2 Northern Europe 4.3 Southern Europe 4.4 Western Europe 5. North America 5.1. Caribbean 5.2. Central America 5.3. Northern America (for Bermuda, Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, Greenland too) 6. Oceania 6.1 Australia, Norfolk Island and Indian Ocean Islands 6.2 Melanesia 6.3 Micronesia 6.4 Polynesia 7. South America ? — Instantnood OK. I don't think there's any disagreement about Africa, so that probably doesn't need to change. Antarctica doesn't have airports, so it's not an issue. As for Europe, I'd say include Central. Southern is not commonly used, and its definition is somewhat vague anyway. Also, look at any travel forum and you'll see that people can get quite offended when Slovenia or the Czech Republic are grouped with Eastern Europe as opposed to Central. Since this is divided by continents, North America should have its own section. I'd say keep the division as it is (Northern, Carribean, Central). South America doesn't need to be divided, and there doesn't seem to be any argument about that. I'm still trying to come up with a good way to handle Oceania. DB (talk) == Template to split artilce == I have created a nav template outline for splitting the list. Feel free to jump in and fix the colors and the layout. For now, just use the country names as they appear in the TOC. When it comes time to split the article, I'll do the split and update the links to point to the correct place. Again, this is a rough draft to work towards a final version. Vegaswikian I would be useful to keep all of them in one list, e.g. monitoring recent changes. What about requesting a WikiProject or a Portal to adopt this list and moving it out of the main namespace? — Instantnood The AfD discussion supported splitting since the article. As it stands is over the desired limit for one article. I think it is around 200K now. As far a I know we generally follow the recomendations from AfD discussions. Vegaswikian I agree that it should be split, but I also think it should either be renamed to List of airports with commercial service or moved to project space. DB (talk) Perhaps we can look into splitting the article by continent or region, maybe hemisphere... no, wait, that's not a good idea, continent works fine... North America + Caribbean (including Central America) South America (unless someone wants Central included here), Africa, Europe, Middle East, Asia, Australia and Oceania or South Pacific, the technicalities can be worked out later, but we can split them up by continent and have this list just be a link to each of those articles and have this article contain a summary or encyclopedic notation about commercial airports and how the commercial airline industry works, this will avoid it becoming AFDed again, and it'll look more than just a bunch of little lists. is being updated as you write. I just finished Oceania while you were writing your reply. Once the template is complete we can then split the article. Vegaswikian SmthManly made an important point. While we do need a split for obvious reasons, do note that splitting by continents can also run into issues with disagreements over continental dividing lines. The above split looks fine, except for "Middle East", which is never a continent, and is not advisable for its fluid boundaries which easily traverse three geographical continents. Except for Egypt, the Middle East is basically Southwest Asia, so I think those countries should stay there, with Egypt in Africa. DB (talk) Stay in Middle East or Southwest Asia? I think we'd be better off using the major cultural areas rather than the geographical ones, a person looking for airports in Saudi Arabia will be more includined to look in Middle East than Asia, and some people might not consider the Middle East as Asia, but everyone knows it as the Middle East, just a thought. At the country level, all of the countries will be listed in the nav template. That should help readers find what they are looking for. Today you can enter the country in your browsers search finction to find it. That will not change at the country level with the nav template. Take a look at what is there today to see how it should look. More countries for the other continents need to be added, but it is getting closer. Vegaswikian I strongly disagree. There is little justification to keep just one "cultural continent", when all others follow geographical classifications. It is purely subjective to say that users will look for Saudi Arabia under Middle East but not Asia. You probably wont find a user attempting to look for it under Europe or Africa if they are presented with a list of continents minus the Middle East, so I would say the division is quite clear cut. Please also note the way most other topics are being classified by region, the vast majority of which follow strictly geographical definitions, most likely due to its "more NPOV" nature. Resetting indent... I meant the Middle Eastern countries except Egypt should go under Southwest Asia. Maybe the heading should be "Southwest Asia (Middle East)", so people looking for either can find it. If we divide by continent, then I don't think Middle East should be separate. It's a region, but it's definitely not a continent. DB (talk) Remember that once we do the initial split, we can always create articles at the country level. If that is done, then other logical groups of countries can also be created and either added to the template or included on a second template. We have options at that point. Vegaswikian There has been similar discussions before over Middle East/Southeast Asia elsewhere, and it has been pointed out that we cannot write "Southwest Asia (Middle East)" or "Southwest Asia/Middle East" or anything similar, because they are not the same. An encylopedia should not be committing the same factual error as ill-informed laymen. Then just keep it as Southwest Asia. That's what it is now. DB (talk) ==Edit Warring== Can you guys stop the edit warring? (this means both of you). It's getting really annoying. DB (talk) ==Requested move== The current afd nomination is calling this a restatement of list of airports. While it isn't really, I can kind of see where they're coming from. Since this is intended mainly as a guideline for destinations lists in airline articles, I think it should be moved to project space. DB (talk) ===Survey=== Add "* Support" or "* Oppose" followed by a brief explanation, then sign your opinion with ~~~~ Support with a split to reduce the size. Vegaswikian ===Discussion=== Add any additional comments ==Requested split== I say we split the page by continent. The subdivisions of each continent (it seems that Europe and Oceania produce the biggest arguments) can be decided as we go. DB (talk) ==Hong Kong and Macau, West Asia, Russia, destination list format, Airports== Why cant the two be listed with their full titles "Special Administrative Region" because they are not mainland cities under full mainland rule, continue listing them in China rather than separatley but they should be allowed to carry the full title in the list, giving their true status full respect. Why is West Asia being addressed as Southwest Asia? should Russia and some of the former republics of USSR lying in West Asia be listed under Northwest Asia, makes more sense, or just collectively let them all be called West Asia including Middle East region. All of Russia is not European, central and eastern parts of the country should be listed in Asia, under Central Asia, or North Asia. Destination list format should be modified to enable less use of space, which may also help in saving bandwidth. This is especially better for airline articles which list the destinations in the airline article main page rather than separately, but it could also be adopted for the seperate destination pages too. It looks compact and neater as well. In the suggested format airports for every destination needent be added, it would be like shown below. United Kingdom - Birmingham, London (Heathrow), Manchester, Newcastle. In Case of morethan one airport being served it would be as. United Kingdom - Birmingham, London (City, Heathrow, Stansted), Manchester, Newcastle. Do consider these suggestions. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 202.70.148.58 (talk) . ==Past destinations== Some of the past/former destinations lists created, are so lengthy they are clashing with the main article of that airline destinations such as in Aeroflot destinations a ruling needs to brought about regarding this. I suggest past destinations be listed in this format Lufthansa destinations. Its concise and will do away with unecessary use of bandwidth and not spoil the main article either. (202.38.58.8 ) ==Moving to new design?== I wonder if it would make sense to create a standard template for the airline destination lists, in order to get moving towards a generic new design? I would propose something around the Dragonair destinations Lampe (talk) == Linking == Please note that linking to headers is not encouraged by our style guidelines. I have changed the set list accordingly. Please refer to ACCESS#Links. Thanks. --Ohconfucius ¡digame!

WikiProject Aviation/Airline destination lists

==January 2008== Both of your concerns are duly noted. Thank you.

140.239.170.252

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71.199.14.26

United Writers' Association is a literary organisation based in India which was founded by Dr. K Thiagarajan almost 33 years ago at Chennai in organisation hosts the distinguished Frank Moraes Memorial Lectures ==References== ==External links== Official Website Writers' organizations Cultural organisations based in India

United Writers' Association

Atlantic, Gulf and Pacific Steamship Corporation

Eliyeh (العلية) is a Syrian village located in Al-Saan Subdistrict in Salamiyah District, Hama. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Eliyeh had a population of 518 in the 2004 census. == References == Populated places in Salamiyah District

Eliyeh

Welcome to Wikipedia. We invite everyone to contribute constructively to our encyclopedia. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing. However, unconstructive edits are considered vandalism, and if you continue in this manner you may be blocked from editing without further warning. Please stop, and consider improving rather than damaging the hard work of others. Thanks. RexNL This is your last warning. The next time you vandalize a page, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. RexNL You have been temporarily blocked from editing for vandalism of Wikipedia. Please note that page blanking, addition of random text, deliberate misinformation, and repeated and blatant violation of NPOV are considered vandalism. If you wish to make useful contributions, you may come back after the block expires. RexNL == AfD nomination of Web Cartoonists' Choice Awards == An editor has nominated one or more articles which you have created or worked on, for deletion. The nominated article is Web Cartoonists' Choice Awards. We appreciate your contributions, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in his/her nomination (see also Notability and "What Wikipedia is not"). Your opinions on whether the article meets inclusion criteria and what should be done with the article are welcome; please participate in the discussion(s) by adding your comments to Articles for deletion/Web Cartoonists' Choice Awards (2nd nomination). Please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes (~~~~). You may also edit the article during the discussion to improve it but should not remove the articles for deletion template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Please note: This is an automatic notification by a bot. I have nothing to do with this article or the deletion nomination, and can't do anything about it. == May 2012 == Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute constructively to the encyclopedia, adding or significantly changing content without citing a reliable source is not consistent with our policy of verifiability. Take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. If you are familiar with Citing sources, please take this opportunity to add references to the article. Dusty777 == July 2016 == Hello, I'm Oshwah. An edit you recently made to Villanova Preparatory School seemed to be a test and has been removed. If you want more practice editing, the sandbox is the best place to do so. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks. ~Oshwah~(talk) (contribs) If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

216.237.19.2

Hasu Elablawi (حسو العلباوي) is a Syrian village located in Al-Saan Subdistrict in Salamiyah District, Hama. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Hasu Elablawi had a population of 696 in the 2004 census. == References == Populated places in Salamiyah District

Hasu Elablawi

At the Grave of Richard Wagner is a studio album by the Kronos Quartet, containing works by Alban Berg and Anton Webern, and a brief "romantic elegy" by Franz Liszt. ==Track listing== ==Critical reception== According to Alan Artner, writing in the Chicago Tribune, "Few other recorded performances have had qualities of tone conveying as beautifully the scores' ripe, fibrillating atmosphere." Daniel Webster, in the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, wrote that " In traditional repertoire, the Kronos Quartet has its own distinctive voice. It plays Liszt's romantic elegy, 'At the Grave of Richard Wagner,' with rich, dark sounds. The performance of Berg's 'String Quartet (Op. 3)' is precise and the quartet makes Webern's 'Five Pieces (Op 5). sound easy to play as the compositions seem to appear magically, shift color and vanish." == Personnel == ===Musicians=== David Harrington - violin John Sherba - violin Hank Dutt - viola Joan Jeanrenaud - cello Aki Takahashi - piano Marcella DeCray - [at

At the Grave of Richard Wagner

{| |} RFA Fort George was a combined fleet stores ship and tanker of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary, and one of two s. Fort George was ordered from Swan Hunter in late 1987. The ship was laid down in 1989, launched by the wife of the Commander-in-Chief Fleet Admiral Sir Jock Slater in 1991 and commissioned in 1993. Along with RFA Fort Victoria, the ship was equipped with two Phalanx CIWS point defence guns during a refit at Tyne in 1999. ==Operational history== In March 2000, the ship was equipped with five Westland Sea King [and sent to

RFA Fort George

== template:infobox == I think it would be good if you discussed this with people before making changes like that. That item has been the subject of much debate. As such, I'm reverting your change. aa v ^

69.160.195.120

Ectoedemia luisae is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It is found in Turkey. The larvae feed on Hypericum calycinum. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine consists of a thin and tortuous corridor that is almost entirely filled with frass. The corridor widens into a blotch. Here the frass is found in the centre. Pupation takes place in a silken cocoon within the mine, that causes the mine to bulge somewhat. The cocoon is connected by a silken tube to the spot in the lower epidermis where the imago is to appear. ==External links== Fauna Europaea Nepticulidae Endemic fauna of Turkey Moths described in 1978 Moths of Turkey

Ectoedemia luisae

Jakuziyeh (الجاكوسية) is a Syrian village located in Al-Saan Subdistrict in Salamiyah District, Hama. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Jakuziyeh had a population of 333 in the 2004 census. == References == Populated places in Salamiyah District

Jakuziyeh

Angers

Academic staff of the University of Angers (pre-1793)

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Jangmjmyeongjin

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76.95.63.205

== April 2009 == Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to the page Cirque Du Freak has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you. Until It Sleeps

65.19.253.46

The common frog (Rana temporaria), also known as the European common frog and European common brown frog, is a semi-aquatic frog of the family Ranidae found throughout much of Europe including the British Isles. Common frog may also refer to: Common green frog (Hylarana erythraea), a frog in the family Ranidae found in Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam Common mist frog (Litoria rheocola), a frog in the family Ranidae native to northeastern Queensland, Australia Common parsley frog (Pelodytes punctatus), a frog in the family Pelodytidae found France, Spain, Portugal and a small part of Northwestern Italy (Piemont and Liguria) Common puddle frog (Occidozyga laevis), a frog in the family Dicroglossidae endemic to the Philippines Common reed frog (Hyperolius viridiflavus), a frog in the family Hyperoliidae found in Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda, and possibly the Central African Republic, Chad and Eritrea Common rocket frog (Colostethus panamansis), a frog in the family Dendrobatidae found in northwestern Colombia and Panama Common sand frog (Tomopterna cryptotis), a frog in the family Pyxicephalidae found in Sub-Saharan Africa ==See also== Common rain frog (disambiguation) Common tree frog (disambiguation) Animal common name disambiguation pages

Common frog (disambiguation)

Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at The Shakespeare Stealer. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. Deagle_AP (talk) == April 2010 == Please do not vandalize pages, as you did with this edit to The Shakespeare Stealer. If you continue to do so, you will be blocked from editing. Tommy2010 Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit that you made to the page Cake Boss has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Please use the sandbox for testing any edits; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing for further information. Thank you. Tommy2010

24.63.68.68

== April 2009 == ===Your edits to January 27=== Dear 67.80.192.164, Some of your on the page January 27 have been undone by PseudoBot, a robot built to keep the date pages tidy. The problems are: The person you added doesn't seem to have a Wikipedia page. If the page exists, check that you've spelled and capitalized the name the same way as the article, and try again. If it doesn't yet exist, read this page carefully before creating it. In particular, you shouldn't create a page about yourself or anyone you know personally. If this bot has got it wrong (as can unfortunately happen), please accept its author's apologies, and (if you would like) leave a message on this talk page with the details, so it can be improved. Please see this page for help. PseudoBot (talk)

67.80.192.164

The endless knot or eternal knot (śrīvatsa; Tibetan དཔལ་བེའུ། dpal be'u; Mongolian Улзии) is a symbolic knot and one of the Eight Auspicious Symbols. It is in important symbol in both Jainism and Buddhism. It is an important cultural marker in places significantly influenced by Tibetan Buddhism such as Tibet, Mongolia, Tuva, Kalmykia, and Buryatia. It is also found in Celtic and Chinese symbolism. In Jainism it is one of the eight auspicious items, an asthamangala, however found only in the Svetambara sect. It is often found marking the chests of the 24 Saints, the tirthankaras. It is more commonly referred to as the Shrivatsa. == History == The endless knot symbol appears on clay tablets from the Indus Valley Civilization (2500 BC), and the same symbol also appears on an historic era inscription. == Interpretations == Various interpretations of the symbol are: The eternal continuum of mind. The endless knot iconography symbolised Samsara i.e., the endless cycle of suffering or birth, death and rebirth within Tibetan Buddhism. The inter-twining of wisdom and compassion. Interplay and interaction of the opposing forces in the dualistic world of manifestation, leading to their union, and ultimately to harmony in the universe. The mutual dependence of religious doctrine and secular affairs. The union of wisdom and method. The inseparability of emptiness (shunyata) and dependent origination, the underlying reality of existence. Symbolic of knot symbolism in linking ancestors and omnipresence (refer etymology of Tantra, Yoga and religion) (see Namkha.) Since the knot has no beginning or end it also symbolizes the wisdom of the Buddha. == In other cultures == See 7₄ knot for decorations or symbols in other cultures which are topologically equivalent to the interlaced form of the simplest version of the Buddhist endless knot. == See also == Ashtamangala (also known as Eight Auspicious Symbols) Celtic knot Chinese knotting Eternal return Gordian knot Indra's net Islamic interlace patterns Khachkars – Armenian knotwork Knot garden Knot theory Mandala Möbius strip Namkha Oseberg style Ouroboros Solomon's knot Tantra Three hares Trefoil knot Triquetra Turk's head knot Valknut Yin and yang == Notes and references == == External links == "The Endless Knot (Skt. shrivatsa; Tib. dpal be'u)", . "Endless Knot", . Buddhist symbols Chinese art Decorative knots Mythological knots Visual motifs ஸ்ரீவத்சம்

Endless knot

Jeb Khsara (جب خسارة) is a Syrian village located in Al-Saan Subdistrict in Salamiyah District, Hama. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Jeb Khsara had a population of 300 in the 2004 census. == References == Populated places in Salamiyah District

Jeb Khsara

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115.167.16.78

The Liberal Alliance (Φιλελεύθερη Συμμαχία, ) is a liberal political party in Greece, founded in February 2007. Its stated purpose is to cover the political ground between what it considers to constitute a conservative New Democracy and the socialist PASOK. The highest organ in Liberal Alliance is its bi-annual congress, which elects a seven member Coordination Committee. The CC then elects the President. Liberal Alliance's founding document is the Proclamation of Anavissos, written on 28 April 2007. It contains a reference to Victor Hugo. The symbol of Liberal Alliance is like @ but instead of 'a' it has the Greek phi letter, which is also the first letter of the word 'liberal' in the Greek language, while the dominating colours are purple and yellow. Initially the logo was the head of Adamantios Korais, until the first party congress. == History == The party participated in the 2007 legislative election in Greece, where it tallied 0,1% of the popular vote, ranking 13th among 21 candidate parties. Its highest percentage was in the first Athens electoral prefecture, where it tallied 544 votes out of 337.000 cast, equaling 0,17%, while its worst percentage was in the prefecture of Pieria, which is the only prefecture where the party fielded no candidates. It also participated in the 2009 European Parliament elections, with an even lower tally of 0,08% of the popular vote, ranking 24th among 27 candidate parties. The results of the 2009 euroelections, considered as catastrophic, led the party to not participate in the 2009 general elections in Greece, held three months later. In the 2010 local elections Liberal Alliance participated through the 'Portokali' (meaning "orange" colour) movement in Giorgos Kaminis's 'Dikaioma stin poli' coalition, who won the mayorship of Athens. In the May 2012 election to the Hellenic Parliament, Liberal Alliance ran in electoral alliance with Drasi. It won 1.8% of the vote. In the June 2012 election, they additionally joined up with Recreate Greece but with just 1.59% of the votes again did not manage to surpass the 3% electoral threshold. In January 2015, the Liberal Alliance suspended talks about a joint electoral list in the upcoming legislative election with social-liberal To Potami party. The aspired "front against the new two-party system of statists" did not fail on the "serious ideological differences" with To Potami, but on the grounds that the participation of Liberal Alliance's president Gregory Vallianatos had reportedly been ruled out by To Potami, which instead decided to team up with Liberal Alliances 2012 partners, Drasi. == People == The following people are associated with Liberal Alliance: President: Makis Spyratos Former President: Gregory Vallianatos Former President: Giorgos Sarigiannidis Former President: Fotis Perlikos == Political positions == The Liberal Alliance defines itself as classical liberal party, championing personal liberty and human rights in both the political, social and economic sectors. Some of its positions are: Withdrawal of the state from every kind of business activity and the reduction in the size of government and public sector Decriminalization of drug use Full separation of church and state Abolition of the military draft (compulsory in Greece) Abolition of permanent employment in the civil sector Tax reduction Permission for private universities to exist Privatization of state run public services Respect for the individuality of citizens Abolition of the state-run, defined benefit scheme to a defined contribution pension system managed entirely by the private sector under supervision by a specialized government superintendency == See also == Neoliberalism Liberalism Classical Liberalism Libertarianism Contributions to liberal theory Liberalism worldwide Liberalism in Greece The Liberals, Greek party Progressivism == References == == External links == Liberal Alliance website (in Greek) Political parties established in 2007 Classical liberal parties Liberal parties in Greece Neoliberal parties in Greece 2007 establishments in Greece

Liberal Alliance (Greece)

== April 2009 == Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to the page Mantis has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you. Maxis ftw (talk) Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did with this edit to the page Jessica. Such edits constitute vandalism and are reverted. Please do not continue to make unconstructive edits to pages; use the sandbox for testing. Thank you. Icseaturtles★ Please do not vandalize pages, as you did with this edit to Transformer. If you continue to do so, you will be blocked from editing. Icseaturtles★ ==Speedy deletion of Vivian tran== A tag has been placed on Vivian tran requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a person or group of people, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable, as well as our subject-specific notability guideline for biographies. If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the page meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the page that would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Lastly, please note that if the page does get deleted, you can contact one of these admins to request that they userfy the page or have a copy emailed to you. Terrillja talk

Fireex7777

== April 2010 == Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to HDS, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted by ClueBot. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism. Cluebot produces very few false positives, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been detected as unconstructive, please report it here, remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: HDS was changed by 88.91.38.136 (u) (t) making a minor change with obscenities on 2010-04-21T14:10:20+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot (talk)

88.91.38.136

The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the miscellaneous page below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the page's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page. The result of the debate was Keep. Eluchil404 (talk) ====Bobby fletcher==== Delete, violation of UP#NOT, "non-encyclopedic related material" and "Advertising or promotion" of weblog. User seems to be a single-purpose account. Veritas (talk) Veritas, I disagree with your on all accounts. The only reason I mentioned my blog is because it contains the sourced citations in my edits. It is not for commercial purpose at all. All newbies starts out with one interest, so what? Chinese politics is a broad subject. Is interest in US history "single-purpose"? Your accusation against me does not stand up to reason. Bobby fletcher (talk) ===== Disputing Veritas' "single-purpose account" accusation ===== Here, I have in the past made edit that is not Falun Gong related: I believe I have proven Veritas' "single-purpose account" accusation to be invalid. There are other examples of my edit that are not Falun Gong related, but I only need one to prove you wrong Veritas. Bobby fletcher (talk) ===== Disputing Veritas' "non-encyclopedic related material" accusation ===== Veritas, I read UP#NOT, and I believe you are mistaken: 1) my weblogs are related to my Wikipedia activity 2) it does not contain "Extensive discussion" unrelated to Wikipedia. Matter of fact it contains no discussion at all. 3) there's no "Excessive personal information". a) define "excessive"; b) it has no reference to anything personal eg. name, address, phone #, sexual orientation, etc. 4) I have not expressed "Extensive personal opinions on matters unrelated to Wikipedia". a) define "extensive"; b) if there's any personal opinions, they are related to my edits in Chinese politics, current events, Falun Gong's impact on Asian-American communities. 5) it does not contain any "Advertising or promotion of a business", "purely commercial sites or referral links" 6) All material are encyclopedic related; they point to my research and the sources for my contribution on Chinese politics and current events. 7) it contains no polemical statements 8) it contains no attack on other editors 9) it contains no games or roleplaying session 10) it contains no Communications with anyone 11) it contains no images 12) it contains no Categories or templates Therefor, I must insist you are wrong. If you do not respond with sufficient factual citations to back up your harrasement, or refuse to retract your nomination, I will file a complaint against you. Bobby fletcher (talk) Bobby, I was reading what you had to say right up until you threatened to file a complaint, then you lost me. That's not AGF at all and does not help your defense of the page and you can't demand a retraction of an MfD. Until that point your vehemence was at least tempered by reason. Are you saying I can't complaint about bad faith nom? How should I handle this appearant bad faith nom? Doug, I read AGF and it says "This guideline does not require that editors continue to assume good faith in the presence of evidence to the contrary." Well, go look at the edit history in my user page, and you'll see why I have reason to believe this nom is made in bad faith. BTW, it seems AfD can be retracted: Bobby fletcher (talk) Thanks, Doug. Anyway, there is enough evidence to support my assertion that this particular userpage violates UP#NOT. I removed the information initially, but the user in question disputed it so, as the next proper course of action, I submitted it for MfD. Since you dispute my judgment on this issue, the next stage is for the community to discuss the issue here and decide by consensus if the page does violate the policy. This is the purpose of MfD and the nomination will not be rescinded by threats. Doug, do you blame a relatively new editor for not understanding our processes and wanting to "file a complaint" when faced with a wholly unnecessary nomination such as this? WaltonOne Keep per BITE and Editors matter. I have no idea what the nominator thinks he's doing. Editing solely in the area of Chinese politics does not make someone a disruptive SPA; nor is the userpage in question excessive in any way. Lots of Wikipedians have a link to their blog on their userpage. Bobby fletcher is entirely correct on every point above; there is no aspect of USER which this page violates. Deleting the page will do no good other than driving the user away. To the nominator, please start thinking when nominating pages for MfD in future. WaltonOne Additional note. I think I was possibly too harsh to the nominator in my comments above. I recognise that Veritas is acting in good faith, and I hope he will learn from this experience. It isn't really Veritas' fault at all, in fact; the problem is that our rules (particularly NOT) are so vague that editors often over-interpret them. IMO this is yet another sign that we need clearer rules relating to userspace deletions - I would rather have "bureaucracy" and "instruction creep" than vague and unclear policy. WaltonOne Dispute Veritas, can you show us what is this "evidence" you speak of? I still have no idea what it is. You 'blanked' my user page without leaving any comment in Talk. When I invited you to state your reason in Talk, you ignored me. Bobby fletcher (talk) Keep as having a single link to a blog is perfectly fine. It's using the userpage as a blog, or excessive promotion of one that is not allowed. The user has also editing a number of different articles, and it doesn't matter if they are all in the same broad subject. Veritas was also out of line to blank the page rather than discuss it here or on the user's talk page. I'd suggest speedy close unless legitimate complaints can be brought up, or current ones given more evidence. - Koweja (talk) Keep Two sentences does not qualify as excessive anything, so non-WP material and/or advertising in this manner has rarely been allowed to qualify as "excessive"; therefore, I cannot support the claim it violates UP#NOT. Strong Keep, suggest speedy close. There's nothing wrong with the user page, and Bobby fletcher is a good-faith editor who doesn't come close to qualifying as an SPA. Per UP, a user page is designed to give other editors an idea of who they're dealing with; seems to me this one qualifies. Suspect Bad Faith Nom Veritas has thus far refused to either 1) back up his nom with factual evidence, or 2) retract the nom. Please look at my User page history, as I believe the fact no discussion preceeding the 'blanking' and MfD inconsistent with UP#OWN "avoid substantially editing another's user page", and previous incident of vandalism, might be related. Bobby fletcher (talk) Delete - Sources and citations for articles should be in those articles; nowhere else. "Advertisement" is a broad term, and by no means limited to commercial purposes. This page, as it stands, is an advertisement for Fletcher, his blog and his opinions, and serves no encyclopedic purpose, except to disclose part of his ideological stance(s). Comment The page stands as an advertisement for the user's opinions? Is not that what a userpage essentially is? He does not have 300 userboxes; he has a link. No offense, but you disclose your ideological stances on your userpage via userboxes, and it takes up much more excessive space than this userpage does. comment - Okay, I follow your reasoning here; but there seems to be nothing to the userpage but an advertisement for a blog and an off-Wiki article; and I felt that the preponderance of advertisement was the violative issue in judging whether it failed UP#NOT . Comment I never viewed it in that light. So I guess the interpretation therein lies in whether it is excessive in total or in comparison. I accept that argument, but for my own !vote, I would say 2 sentences and a link is fine. :) Thanks for the clarification. Comment Orange Mike, you have three E-links on your user page. Speedy Keep What? A two sentence user page where he mentions that he has a blog on a topic related to his Wikipedia edits? The key part of UP#NOT is "substantial". One cannot reasonably interpret two sentences as substantial. Abstain - The discussion suggests Veritas acted out of line and the page should stay but refusal by Bobby fletcher to acknowledge that a nominator could be a complete jackass and still act in good faith is unacceptable. Civility should remain even when you feel you are the subject of direct attack, let alone a likely misunderstanding. Besides, I am confident that the rest of the folks here will take care of this in an appropriate way. And since this isn't a vote anyway, I haven't really abstained at all. Comment Okay Doug, your point on not biting back is taken. I guess I have trust issue, after my user page was vandalized, and then myteriousely 'blanked' and MfD'd; I have no idea how/why am I UP# fletcher (talk) Strong keep per USER and all "keep" comments above. A four-sentence userpage containing two external links is not something that needs to be taken to MFD, particularly when the editor is an active, legitimate editor. For the record there seems to be a dispute over the meaning of the word "substantial" in the UP policy which I interpreted to mean the portion of the particular user page in question that is made up of non-encyclopedic or promotional material. It seems, however, that the consensus weighs toward "substantial" meaning some vague and undefined variant of "a lot." If that is the consensus then, of course, I accept that. Anyway this user seems unusually hostile since he percieves this MfD to be an attack. Thusly, I am choosing to disengage and will not attempt to argue the point. Simply, it's not worth quibbling over. Comment For the record I disagree with Veritas' "non-encyclopedic" claim. My blog contains the sources I used in my edits (GO/NGO position paper, media report, etc.) I also disagree with Veritas' "promotional" claim, as per UP#NOT, "Advertising or promotion of a business", "purely commercial sites or referral links" There's nothing commercial in my user page. As to the hostility claim, I absolutely reject. Veritas the hostility is entirely from you; there's nothing to quibble over, you ignored UP#OWN when you blanked my user page without any comment, and MfD, again, without any discussion that could have resolved simple mis-understanding on your part. I hope for your own sake you have learned something from this experience. I know I have. Bobby fletcher (talk) Keep. Half the user pages on WP should go if this one should. What's the beef here? The user was never even blocked, so I don't even see why people would be mad enough to try and delete his userpage. ——Martinphi ☎ Ψ Φ—— Keep. This is how people are expected to link to external sites of personal interest. Mangojuicetalk Keep bad faith nom. Nom seems assumes bad faith (User seems to be a single-purpose account.) then wonders why the user in question is hostile. (Anyway this user seems unusually hostile since he percieves this MfD to be an attack.) Please Help It seems the editor who vandalized my user page has done it again: What should I do? BTW I'm so not a Chinese spy 8-) Bobby fletcher (talk) Keep I see nothing wrong with this. Also, I will warn the user that appears to keep want to readd that information to Fletcher's userpage, so hopefully they will stop... The userpage shows no real signs of the advocacy noted by the nominator... Keep This is strictly on the userpage, not the user's behavior. Please calm down, Bobby. It bothers me a bit when a one sentence deletion reason leads to a 12 point rebuttal. Someone asking that your page be deleted is not an attack on you. It just means that the user thinks that the PAGE shouldn't be in its current form, not that what you are doing is bad in some way. The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the page's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.

Miscellany for deletion/User:Bobby fletcher

== July 2014 == Hello, I'm JaconaFrere. I wanted to let you know that I undid one or more of I hate you bitchyour recent contributions to J. A. Jance because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Jacona (talk) Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at BMJ. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been automatically reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism. ClueBot NG makes very few mistakes, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been considered as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again. If you need help, please see our help pages, and if you can't find what you are looking for there, please feel free to place on your talk page and someone will drop by to help. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: BMJ was changed by Alexlopez172 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.892075 on 2014-07-23T01:17:27+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk) Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did to BMJ with this edit, you may be blocked from editing. ♥ Solarra ♥ ♪ 話 ♪ ߷ ♀ 投稿 ♀ This is your last warning. If you vandalize Wikipedia again, as you did at J. A. Jance, you may be blocked from editing without further edits have been automatically marked as vandalism and have been automatically reverted. The following is the log entry regarding this vandalism: J. A. Jance was changed by Alexlopez172 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.961932 on 2014-07-23T03:01:57+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk) hay block me I don't give two fucks all I know is that Wikipedia is bullshit and a lie so fuck you and shove it up your trashy website == Blocked == You have been indefinitely blocked from editing for Vandalism. If you feel this block is unjustified, you may contest it by adding the text below. Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill)

Alexlopez172

== April 2010 == Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Irish Mob, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Thank you. RepublicanJacobiteThe'FortyFive' If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

173.188.21.218

== Book review by Andrew Hacker == regarding The Darwin Economy: Liberty, Competition, and the Common Good 99.112.212.201 (talk) No idea how this editing works, but I wanted to say that the Link in Section 2.5 has changed: It is now — Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.191.178.49 (talk) thanks. fixed now. the link you gave here seems to be gated on the server. i found an equivalent link elsewhere. thanks Jazi Zilber (talk)

Robert H. Frank

== April 2009 == ===Your edits to May 21=== Dear 24.91.183.56, Some of your on the page May 21 have been undone by PseudoBot, a robot built to keep the date pages tidy. The problems are: The person you added doesn't seem to have a Wikipedia page. If the page exists, check that you've spelled and capitalized the name the same way as the article, and try again. If it doesn't yet exist, read this page carefully before creating it. In particular, you shouldn't create a page about yourself or anyone you know personally. If this bot has got it wrong (as can unfortunately happen), please accept its author's apologies, and (if you would like) leave a message on this talk page with the details, so it can be improved. Please see this page for help. PseudoBot (talk)

24.91.183.56

== Norwich == Location of Norwich on the map is incorrect (17 Oct) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 194.75.128.200 (talk) == QPR == QPR is numerically confirmed, however they might get bumped down if they have points stripped as a result of the current investigation. Is it worth noting this, or is this, by virtue of no one having any great cause to look at this page over the next three days, not something deserving of any real action? Sven Manguard Wha? Since there already is a statement in the "Teams" section, adding a reference for the investigation should be enough. Independent of that, the outcome of the investigation should be mentioned in both the 2010–11 Championship article and here, especially if the penalty has an impact on direct promotion and the playoffs. The vardict was set to be only a fine, QPR secured thier 1st position and promotion.   – HonorTheKing (talk) == Swansea City and its "nationality" == Before the whole "Ooooh, a non-English club qualified for the Premier League, we must mark this somehow by adding some graphic markers to this or that" thing runs out of hand – although Swansea City are based in Wales, they are nevertheless part of the English league system. As such, it should not be necessary to mention their location somewhere else than where it is appropriate, namely in prose; especially flag display of any kind should be avoided, as they would not represent Wales but England in the event they qualify for any European competition. Equally, it is not appropriate to add nineteen English and one Welsh flag, simply because of over-usage and unnecessary stress of "nationality", which is not permitted per MOSFLAG. So, can the above be deemed a general consensus or are these just my EUR 0.02? More opinions on the matter are explicity welcome. I would agree with you. I think any precedent is set in the Ligue 1, where a team from Monaco participates in the French league system but there is no Monegasque flag attached to the club's name. Digirami (talk) More precisely, the precedent was set by UEFA three seasons ago when they agreed to let Cardiff City represent England if they won the FA Cup (which in the end they did not). The Monaco idea is a valid point but is irrelevant as the ruling is mostly down to the individual country to decide, and the FA's rules always said Welsh teams were not allowed to represent England in Europe. This rule largely went out of the window with the Cardiff case, though it is feasible they could resurrect it this coming season if for some reason they find the idea of Swansea taking a league placement Europa spot to be abhorrent (can't see it happening though). But still, the Monaco situation is somewhat irrelevant. I could cite counter-examples, such as that I do believe that FC Vaduz of Liechtenstein, but in the Swiss football pyramid and frequently (unsure if presently) in the Swiss top tier, are not allowed to represent Switzerland, but must instead compete in a Liechtenstein cup competition to attempt to gain their European spot. Falastur2 Talk :Even so, are the flags necessary? I think prose is suffice, not the flags. Digirami (talk) ::Besides the MOSFLAG issues, it adds nothing to the table. Mentioning it in prose is sufficient. Argyle 4 Lifetalk :::There is also precedent in the Football League Championship 2010-2011 where the Welsh flag is nowhere to be seen. Not needed for the league — Preceding unsigned comment added by 157.157.183.17 (talk) I may be asking a question that has already been answered but is there a consensus as to whether the map should include Wales? I've seen it flip between including and not including Wales Spudgfsh (talk) SO MUCH MISINFORMATION! Cardiff City, Swansea City, Wrexham, Newport County, Colwyn Bay and Merthyr Tydfil all play in the English league system, but they are registered with the Football Association of Wales, not The Football Association. This means they are all Welsh clubs only participating in the English leagues by virtue of having done so since time immemorial. If any of those clubs was to qualify for a European competition by winning an English competition, they would require special dispensation to take part as a representative of England. – PeeJay Before getting your caps lock key all aflutter, you might want to know that Cardiff City and Swansea City are no longer registered with the FA of Wales. They're registered and governed by the English FA. This was a change that happened ahead of the 2011-12 season. Here's the Guardian on the matter: == Nationality of managers == Why have the flags of the nationalities of the managers been deleted? Surely if the managers' nationalities aren't necessary then neither are those of the captains? Also, I personally thought that it was a useful section, for example, much has been made in the media of the number of Scottish managers in the Premier League and this was easily reflected in those flags. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 131.111.221.77 (talk) I agree — Preceding unsigned comment added by NauruDude (talk • contribs) Because people were unable to reach an agreement on which nationality should be used, so someone took the initiative and just wiped it. Not a decision I agree with. Falastur2 Talk It's funny because there is a note that says "Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality." With flags placed next to the manager, it makes it seem that managers have FIFA-defined eligibility rules for them. Besides, there is no good reason to express the nationality of managers. There is a good reason for players. Digirami (talk) ===Owen Coyle=== Did we ever come to a final consensus as to Coyle's nationality? He's a bit of a special case, having played for ROI's U21s (irrelevant) and 7 minutes for the senior team. But he was born and raised in Scotland and identifies as Scottish. Look, I'm an American and don't pretend to understand all this nuance, but I thought we had settled the issue. Here and in the past couple of seasons, his nationality is listed as Irish in the managers' table, but in at least one case within those same articles (managerial changes 09/10), it's Scottish. I thought consensus was to label him Scottish, and I would agree with that decision, but let's settle this either way. == Section regarding delayed games == Should there be a section added to note that the Tottenham/Everton game was delayed due to safety concerns caused by the riot? -Gordeenko (talk) Since only one match was affected by the riots, I would tend to say no as there was only a minimal impact on the season itself, similar to a postponed match due to a cup tie or inclement weather. However, it might be appropriate to add a line or two to the Tottenham and Everton season articles, together with a link to 2011 London riots where all matches affected by the riots have been collected in a special section. == Stadium table and map overlapping == On my screen the map of club locations is partially covering up the stadium table. That should be fixed, as the whole article needs to be viewable to all people. Please see what I'm talking about at Sven Manguard Wha? I'm just curious, but what is your display resolution – 800x600px as suggested by the image link? Also, do you have any kind of sidebars, like instant messengers or any browser sidebars? The image and the table should display properly for any resolutions wider than 900px WITHOUT activated sidebars of any kind. Aside from that... I will give the map an overhaul AFTER a good night's sleep. The article needs clean up anyway... (Keywords: Ridiculously big list of teams in the infobox at "longest unbeaten streak" and OVERLINK in the "Personnel and kits" section) Overhaul done... unfortunately, I couldn't shrink the map more than 25 pixels due to readability, sorry... == Positions by round revisited (yes, again!) == I'm not sure if a consensus was ever reached about this subject in previous seasons, but in my opinion, a positions by round table for this league isn't really viable. The latest positions by round table addition (before I removed it) had a note explaining the situation about the Spurs v Everton game. However, which position in the table will apply when they finally play the match? The positions as they stand after the match? or the positions they would have been in, if the game had been played on the original date? Spurs have played 5 games, but technically their last match was round 6. Too complicated and hard to explain in a table, and that's only one single game rearranged. There will be numerous games rearranged or postponed during the season. It's mainly for this reason that I still think a positions by round table should be kept off Premier League articles. Reddev87 (talk) I agree with you.   – HonorTheKing (talk) There is a Positions by round in the 2011-12 La Liga, Bundesliga, Serie A, Super Lig (Turkey), Liga I (Romania), Belgian Pro League and probably a couple more. I don't know about you guys but I think some would call you NERDS haha. NauruDude (talk) In the Premier League, a lot of games will be postponed. This table will be confusing. Therefore, this table is not other countries is irrelevant. No need to the same as in other -vagrant (talk) In Iceland there were a lot of games postponed (my team KR was 2 rounds behind most teams for periods). Postponements are also common in Germany, Spain. — Preceding unsigned comment added by NauruDude (talk • contribs) :Then the table should be removed from those articles as well. I'm quite tempted to remove it from them myself right now. I might just do that tomorrow. Falastur2 Talk Why not call it "positions by game week" then? There could be a little annotation if a club didn't play a match or played two matches in one week. I would find it very interesting to see how each club's position has changed during a season. 82.128.189.216 (talk) As this item has appeared again on the page can I make a suggestion when teams miss a game (for whatever reason) add a 1 with a comment at the bottom stating that a match was not played on that particular matchday. When the matches are caught up later on in the season a 2 could then be added stating that the game was caught up with during the time between matchdays. Clear, Concise, Correct and Unambiguous. Or, we could just remove it every time it 2 Talk The problem is that while it is not on the page people will keep trying to add it. If a solution can be found that is clear and uncomplicated then it would be a reasonable addition to the page that would be less of an issue. I don't like the idea of removing something 'just because a solution cannot be found' when no solution or consensus has been sought. :The problem is that that table is unrepresentative of what actually happens in real life. There's stats that I think are worth adding - I generally like statistical analysis - and then there's data-dumps like this that have to heavily lean on conjecture and hyperbole to justify their existence. Granted this season has been better than most, but when you have teams two or three games behind others, that table inflates the standing of teams and can even potentially show a team as having lead the league or been in the relegation zone despite from round 1 to 37 never having actually been there because they've always trailed/lead by 1 point and 1 game in hand, and then lost the league/reached safety in the last game of the season. This promotes misconception and plain outright falsehood and is the exact opposite of encyclopaedic knowledge. It's like the graphics some people like to make about the most common starting XI for a particular team - if a player can play CB and LB, and alternates between games, and his manager varies between two alternative players in each position as his replacement, you can end up with a surreal graphic showing one player occupying two places in the most common starting XI, and how is that encyclopaedic knowledge? OK, so that's not very likely but it's entirely believable that a team which rotates players frequently can have a most common starting XI who have never actually played a single actual game all together. Or what if two players have played an equal amount of games in a position between them? Or what if a manager switches between 4-4-2 and 4-3-3? You can't run this kind of pseudo-stats when it doesn't actually represent what has happened. Falastur2 Talk ::Appears to be based on a RS and V currently specifies verifiability, "not truth". Arguable case that it contravenes SYNTH possibly, but the rest of the above argument appears to be based on not liking it. League tables are published with unequal matches played, how is this any different? Leaky Caldron :::I never thought that I would do this, but I'm going to quote my arch-nemesis of arch-nemesi, No Original Research back at you here. Falastur2 Talk ::Assuming that there are (good) reasons for not including a table of positions by round is there an alternative (that is clear, concise and unambiguous) that could be used instead? Something like positions at the end of each month of the season. This would not be OR as there are links to pages, it would also help people understand the old bottom at Christmas thing. :::@Falastur2. It cannot be outright NOR since it has a verifiable, reliable source. Also, OR#Routine calculations might permit the use of the single source and so probably removes SYNTH from the argument. Leaky Caldron Why don't we just add a graph instead, like the one BBC Football have for the Premier League? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 148.88.244.21 (talk) I think its good and descriptive to have positions per round. I put the case that its important nad has to be put.. there is no logical reason to not put it — Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.28.213.244 (talk) If you can't see a reason not to put the "positions by round", you obviously can't read too well. The Premier League does not have rounds, since matches are often postponed and played on different days. Sometimes, matches from the same "round" can be played weeks apart and therefore a "positions by round" table would be misleading. – PeeJay : You dont seem to understand anything very well. there are of course rounds in every league.. rain, thunder lightning ? who are you league will have those,, doesnt mean others wont postpone. it happens in every league. and those things can postpone a few games but still the round holds. are you really putting such a naive reason, too illogical mate! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.28.213.244 (talk) :: A 'nice' idea if everyone played the same 'round' on the same day - they don't. It has been created for the current season (without a citation as far as I can see) and already it is wrong as Chelsea are on 'round 3' and some clubs eg Liverpool are still on 'round one'. Impossible to maintain - delete. ::: The only and only reason chelsea have played one more right now is because of the supercup fixture next week, but then barcelona or inter also played a game earlier, because once a team wins a champions league, it will have an extra game to play so, a single match is moves ahead. from next week every team will have played 3 games each and thats a round. every league will have that once it wins champions league. such a simple logic! no league has every single game on the same day. do you know football? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 108.78.179.248 (talk) ::::Let me make this very simple for you. Positions by round are not going in. End of story. Thanks. – PeeJay :::It all depends on what you consider 'a round'. Generally a round will consist of each team playing one game but that is not always the case. There will always be some teams that are behind the current round. If it was entirely my decision (and I actually thought it was needed) I would say that the round would be over when you would consider the round over (after the monday game or the wednesday game for midweek matches). If you completely ignore the number of number games teams have played it gives you the position of the league when the round was played. :::I actually don't think the PPR is needed (this is an encyclopaedia not a stats website) Spudgfsh (talk) == Incorrect locations == I have raised issue with this section in the past. I remember the 'Location' column used to be 'City', despite the fact Bolton and Wigan (both well known towns!) were listed incorrectly as cities. Consequently I changed the column to 'Location'. However, factual inaccuracies are littered throughout the table. For instance, Manchester United are based in Trafford, one of the ten metropolitan boroughs of Greater Manchester, not 'Manchester' as it was previously stated. Bolton and Wigan would therefore be classed as 'Manchester' if this convention remained - which of course they are not! I have added the city/town/borough plus the county/metropolitan borough for greater classification which I felt was clearly lacking beforehand. Stevo1000 (talk) Forgive me if I'm being a bit stupid here but do we need to specify exactly where any of the clubs are located within the table? There is the map which has all of their exact locations and the data in the table seems superfluous (and a bit contentious). On top of that a large proportion of clubs are easily located by their names. Arsenal and Everton being the two that are not as easily located in this seasons premier league and Port Vale and MK Dons being the only others that I could argue in the rest of the football league. To my mind, if the team is based in a metropolitan borough (the Manchester teams, the London teams and Aston Villa) it should be the city with which they are associated. The smaller conurbations (Bolton, Norwich, Swansea) should remain the same. Quentin X (talk) Might be that some changes occur as some editors 'believe' Man Utd are not in Manchester and only City can call themselves a Manchester club. Maybe a bit of a rivalry thing going on here? :I just don't see the need for them to be there in the first place ::There are two simple reasons – the worldwide audience and the inability of quite a few devices to display images. A casual reader from a non-UK country does probably not immediately know where to find Arsenal, so the location is helpful here. The same goes for any readers which use text-only devices such as screenreaders. ::As for the "correct locations" – there is a pretty simple way to determine what will be shown in the table if COMMONSENSE seems not to be enough. Just take the respective data from the official Premier League yearbook, put it into the corresponding column, and tack the respective citation to the column header. But, as a said, only if the application of common sense does not suffice here. *sarcasm off* :::Point taken In response to the comment in the change made by Stevo1000. Do not confuse someone saying that places are within 'Manchester' or within 'Greater Manchester'. If you use the Metropolitan Borough of 'Manchester' MCFC are within it but MUFC, WAFC and BWFC most certainly are not. Greater Manchester is a Ceremonial County within England and Manchester is a place within that county. It matters not whether you cannot tell the join between 'Manchester' and its surrounding Metropolitan Boroughs. If you say that MUFC, BWFC and WAFC are in 'Manchester' you are being wrong. If you say that BWFC and WAFC are within 'Greater Manchester' then it is like using Norfolk for Norwich City. While it is technically correct you might as well just say Europe. When it comes to the London clubs you have a similar issue; Greater London is both a ceremonial county and an Administrative Division of England (Similar in status to East Anglia say). If you use City of London you are only referring to the Square Mile. The difference between London and Manchester is there is no borough of London (only the City of London) and any reference to London is not to a specific part of greater London but to all of it. When you are doing the same for Manchester you are not being clear as you could be referring to either. Having spent some time to look at the detail of this I would suggest that using the boroughs that the stadia are in. :I would recommend listing the London boroughs/metropolitan boroughs AND county that the stadia are in too. This would include changes to the clubs in London, West Midlands and Greater Manchester. All I am saying is that Old Trafford is not in Manchester, which is of course true. What's the point of having a location box with incorrect locations listed? Stevo1000 (talk) Although the London clubs are listed as being in London, Old Trafford should not be listed as Manchester. The reason that I am recommending this is in a cultural sense; "London" commonly refers to the Greater London metropolitan area when used in everyday conversation, "Manchester" does not. To illustrate this point, why then is the population of London regularly quoted as 7,825,200 in official figures, when the population of Manchester is quoted as 498,800, below cities such as Leeds when the like for like comparison to London would be 2.2 million! I argue that a like for like comparison between Manchester and London is therefore invalid owing the huge gulf in standards between the way the two cities are measured. In addition, with names such as Arsenal, Chelsea, Tottenham, etc., there is a need to list these clubs as London clubs, so a foreign person can understand where these clubs are based. This is not the case with Manchester United. I believe that Wikipedia should offer clear-cut standards across the board. The truth is Manchester United play within the borough of Trafford, as Chadderton F.C. play within the borough of Oldham, but fairly close to the border of Manchester. Why does one club have special treatment as a result of perceived prestige and heritage and the other does not as a non league football club, and is cited as playing with Greater Manchester as opposed to within the city itself? A further example would be Droylsden F.C. As an encyclopaedia, Wikipedia must have a standard across the board, and cannot pick and choose just to suit the club within question. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.132.249.191 (talk) Well, I'm afraid there are some people on here who are a bit thick and seem to think they know it all. It's quite clear they don't know the geography of Greater Manchester. Under their logic, Bolton Wanderers, Oldham Athletic, Rochdale and Wigan Athletic would all be in Manchester - which of course is not true. While I'm at it, I'm off to change the location of the Empire State Building to New Jersey. I hope these dullards will wake up one day and realise that Old Trafford is not in Manchester as the name suggests. Stevo1000 (talk) == Assists Table removed == Iv'e removed the Assists Table, there are three sources with all three diff amount of assists for player, such has Silva with 13, 12 and 11 assists, and so is Valencia assists and many more. Not supported by so we shouldn't iclude it.   – HonorTheKing (talk) I agree. We do not need an Assists Table. ericxpenner (talk) We absolutely do. Assists are a key part of modern football's statistics. They provide further insight to the players in the league as well as just being interesting to look at. Re: the different assists issue, we should just use the most trusted website (eg espn) and stick with it. Antisha (talk) 9 March 2012 == Leader after each Gameweek == I think that a chart that illustrates what team is leading the standings after each gameweek should be included, similar to the Lap Leaders chart used in articles such as the 2011 Australian Grand Prix or the 2010 Canadian Grand Prix (both to the top right of your screen). Post what you think. Editadam == Financial Budget == Is it an good idea to add the budgets of the clubs for this season in the Teams section? and to do that for all clubs in Europe in the future? like this in the dutch version of Eredivisie 2011/2012, in the table Teams , header "Begroting" ///wiki/Eredivisie_2011/12#Teams I think it would be very intersting for European matches to look up how "big" or "small" the opponent is, financial wise, as a Dutchman(clubs have very small budget in comparison to the major leages) its always fun to know if you beat a team with 4 times budget, but its quite hard to find the data so a list on wikipedia will be very handy. In The Netherlands its mandatory to publish your financial plan for upcoming season, dont know if its mandatory in every league in Europa, so collecting the data will be problematic. P.S. If i want to do this for all the leagues where should i post this idea? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.84.206.224 (talk) For a general query about this topic, you should leave a message at FOOTY. ==Stadium names== Etihad Stadium and Sports Direct Arena. These are getting changed back and forward in this article on a daily basis (sometimes 3 times a day!) to include/remove the sponsor names. Any chance of consensus as to the correct version? Sponsored names - We should use the sponsered names, there are over 70 stadiums arround wikipedia which uses the sponsered names (American Football, Asso. Football, Basketball, Hockey, and so on), and so is Arsenal in this article, so no reason why ManCity and Newcastle would not do so aswell.   – HonorTheKing (talk) == Assists Table Reference == Slightly contradicting myself as I earlier suggested using ESPN, but could we use the fantasy football statistics on the official premier league website to update the assists? ESPN seems quite inaccurate and I highly doubt anyone is going to have a better portrayal of the actual assists table then the representatives of the premier league themselves. Antisha (talk) 3 April 2012 —Preceding undated comment added . If you have it than better use it. Now that the PL also shows the assists in thier tweeter feed its easier to see.   – HonorTheKing (talk) I don't see why not. It meets RS and V. And I agree that assists is a pretty important statistic. We've also showed assists in previous league seasons. I looked for this source and was unsuccessful. Do you have to be a participant in the official fantasy league? The problem with the stats is that you have different definitions of when an assist is actually counted. Different people have different ideas and end up with different stats as a result. They are a part of the fantasy footy fans idea of football but they have little relevance to the rest of football. == "Attention editor" message == I'm a bit confounded by the "Attention editor" warning that shows up with every edit of the article warning users against live updating. It doesn't appear to be a regular template. It appears, and perhaps originated, on the user page of Fabregas0414. This seems surprisingly un-transparent for Wikipedia. Can anyone point me to a formal expression of this policy? I can see where live editing can be extremely problematic in league tables, but in statistics, especially top scorers, it can (and has, in the past) work rather smoothly. I don't see anything in NOTNEWSPAPER that would strictly forbid this. There's also not exactly a V problem either. If I make a live update to include, say, Rooney's latest goal, I could include a ref link to a live feed of the game. That we don't bother with that sort of thing is more a readability or cluttering issue, IMO. Anyway, apart from my difference of the opinion regarding the policy (if it is such), I don't like the condescension of the warning. It kind of assumes bad behavior on the part of users simply based on previous discussions. Why not just have similar warnings when someone goes to edit China? Surely the name dispute there is more contentious than live updating of sport statistics. == Content dispute == Hi there. There seems to be a dispute between a few editors regarding the name of Newcastle United's stadium. There has not been a great deal of discussion on this page, so I don't think a consensus has been established. I would urge editors to use this time to discuss the issue and reach a consensus as soon as possible. ItsZippy (talk • contributions) The Premier League and Newcastle United now use the new stadium name of Sports Direct Arena, including a quote from the offical website, "The Sports Direct Arena, formerly known as St. James' Park...".   –

2011–12 Premier League

Mweileh (مويلح) is a Syrian village located in Al-Saan Subdistrict in Salamiyah District, Hama. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Mweileh had a population of 225 in the 2004 census. == References == Populated places in Salamiyah District

Mweileh

Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. A link to the edit I have reverted can be found here: link. If you believe this edit should not have been reverted, please contact me. Corpx (talk)

98.20.152.51

== April 2009 == Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to the page Tonicella undocaerulea has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you. Until It Sleeps == June 2009 == Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to the page Andreas Vesalius has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you. Tiderolls

98.151.132.106

== July 2014 == Hello, I'm JaconaFrere. I wanted to let you know that I undid one or more of your recent contributions to Leech because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Jacona (talk) If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

75.142.7.125

{| |} RFA Gold Rover was a small fleet tanker of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary and one of five Rover-class ships that were designed by the Admiralty, all of which were built at the Swan Hunter shipyard. Gold Rover and her sister Black Rover were the last two in service with the RFA on duty around the world. The class were phased out as part of a worldwide effort to replace single-hulled tankers with more environmentally safe double-hulled vessels. Gold Rover herself was decommissioned in a sunset ceremony at Portsmouth Naval Base on 6 March 2017. ==Class Characteristics== The Rover class was predominantly used to transport fuel, oil, aviation fuel for services around the globe; it could also carry limited dried stores of 340 tonnes such as munitions and refrigerated goods. They were built with a flight deck large enough to accommodate two helicopters, although no hangar was fitted. ==Operational history== ===1974-1980=== In July 1974 Gold Rover participated in evacuation duties during the partition of Cyprus during the Turkish invasion of the island. ===1981-1990=== Gold Rover was in Singapore at the time of the Falklands Conflict in 1982 and therefore took no part in the hostilities. On 14 November 1984, Gold Rover sailed from Gibraltar on completion of refit, the last RFA to be refitted in HM Dockyard Gibraltar. Gold Rover participated in the 1986 Jamaican flood relief operations. On 1 December 1990, Gold Rover lost her rudder in severe weather in the South Atlantic and sent out a distress call. Some of her crew were airlifted off by a RAF Sea King of No. 78 Sqn and she managed to get to anchor seventeen miles east of Lively island to ride out the storm before she was towed by the tug Oil Mariner to Montevideo for repairs. The crew of the Sea King rescue helicopter, Captained by Flt Lt David Kerr-Sheppard, received various awards for outstanding flying skill in such difficult weather conditions. ===1991-2000=== In January 2000 she was towed back to Devonport by two RMAS tugs after breaking down off Lizard Point. ===2001-2010=== 2006 was a busy year for Gold Rover. She was in Nigeria in June 2006 for the 50th anniversary celebrations of the formation of the Nigerian Navy. As part of the celebrations there was a Fleet Review by President Olusegun Obasanjo. On 6 October she, along with Royal Navy frigate and Royal Marines from 40 Commando, seized more than two tonnes of cocaine during a major drugs haul off the coast of West Africa. The illegal drugs, which were found in an unregistered vessel, had a UK street value of some £60 million. Gold Rover was part of a Royal Navy amphibious task group, the VELA Deployment 06, en route to Sierra Leone where she and other ships were taking part in a major amphibious exercise. Whilst on the way to West Africa Gold Rover was contributing to the global fight against terrorism and the Royal Navy's maritime security operations activity. ===2011-2017=== Gold Rover entered refit in the middle of 2013. Gold Rover departed her home port for her last operational deployment in 2014. Between 12 and 16 October 2015 Gold Rover and participated the bicentennial anniversary commemorations of Napoleon's arrival on Saint Helena after his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo, and subsequent surrender to British forces. In 2015, she participated in Operation UNITAS. Gold Rover entered Portsmouth for the final time on 22 February 2017, bowing out after 43 years of active service. On 29 August 2017 the Defence Equipment Sales Authority (DESA) invited expressions of interest from companies interested in receiving an invitation to tender in respect to the proposed sale for the sole purpose of recycling of the former RFA ship. ==References== ==External links== RFA Gold Rover at Ships of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary Tankers of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary Rover-class tankers 1973 ships Ships built by Swan Hunter Ships built on the River Tyne

RFA Gold Rover

Jacobus Johannes "Koos" van Ellinckhuijzen (20 September 1942 – 6 September 2016) was a Namibian visual artist. He was most noted for his work on Namibian and South-West African postage stamps. ==Biography== Van Ellinckhuijzen was born to Dutch parents on 20 September 1942 in Pretoria, the then administrative capital of the Union of South Africa. He pursued a military career but, after 11 years of service, became a game warden with the Department of Nature Conservation and Tourism in South-West Africa. Without any formal instructions in the arts he completed four paintings during that time. In 1979 he became a full-time artist. Van Ellinckhuijzen was a surrealist exhibiting in both Namibia and the United States. His personal preference were surreal and metaphysical topics as well as three-dimensional astrophysical panoramas that he called "Stereoptic" creations. Of his stamps The solar system, Halley's comet' and Satellites in orbit are well-known. The painting Nativity was awarded a first prize at a 3D arts exhibition in Rochester, NY in the United States. He is claimed to have been the first artist to manually produce stereo paintings. Adelheid Lilienthal, in Art in Namibia, noted the scientific accuracy of his designs, their clean lines and his use of watercolor techniques. Of his sources of inspiration, van Ellinckhuijzen wrote that "M. C. Escher, René Magritte and Albert Einstein all left their legacies in Koos' soul". Van Ellinckhuijzen died on 6 September 2016 in Swakopmund at the age of 73, a few days after suffering a stroke. == References == ==External links== "Tribute to Koos van Ellinckhuijzen (1942 to 2016)", Gondwana Collection (Namibia), 16 September 2016. 1942 births 2016 deaths Namibian painters Stamp designers

Koos van Ellinckhuijzen

Ojet - Kabasin Elarab (عوجة كباسين العرب) is a Syrian village located in Al-Saan Subdistrict in Salamiyah District, Hama. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Ojet - Kabasin Elarab had a population of 79 in the 2004 census. == References == Populated places in Salamiyah District

Ojet - Kabasin Elarab

The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page. The result was redirect to Sam Irvin. Due to the current layout of Sam Irvin, merge may be undertaken at editorial discretion. Regards, Arbitrarily0 (talk) ===Double Negative (1985 film)=== – (View AfDView log ) () Google search shows no notability for this film. While it is listed on IMDB, that does not by itself establish the film's notability.(NF) Similar to notability, I question the relevance of this article; and as usual, I like to point out that this is an orphan article, which immediately brings into question its notability and relevance. This article just seems like a waste. — Timneu22 · talk Note: This debate has been included in the list of Film-related deletion discussions. Delete I can't see no reason to have an article about a short film that had limited viewing. Mandsford (talk) Comment: The New York Times mentioned this film here: "'Double Negative', about a film-making prodigy who must protect his horror film - 'Coathanger Massacre'- from the paws of his meddlesome producers, is an exceptionally promising first effort." Beyond this, though, there are only a few passing mentions. It may be better to build up Sam Irvin and mention there that Double Negative was his directorial debut and use what NYT said about it. Here is a search queue for the director. Erik (talk | contribs) Weak Keep The NY Times link above while only a passing mention and with the director and actors all with their own articles IMO deserves a keep. Mo ainm~Talk Merge/Redirect to Sam Irvin. Oh... I was able to make the article prettier, but as Erik points out, as a "first film" it does not have the coverage one might wish for in expanding the article and will better serve the project if the information is incorporated into the article about the filmmaker himself. Schmidt, MICHAEL Q. Note I just made some tweaks to the director's article... including making mention of his "first directorial effort" and the nice things the Times said about it. The information deserves mention there anyway, so a redirect serves quite well. Schmidt, MICHAEL Q. Merge/Redirect per MQS. In the process of merging, we could add into prose some cast/crew credits from the film. Not every name in the infobox, but definitely the stars. Erik (talk | contribs) Got it done. Whether this is kept or merged, the information does have a place with the director. :) Schmidt, MICHAEL Q. Also agree with merge/redirect; I'm the nominator of AFD. — Timneu22 · talk Normally I'd say keep (The New York Times called it "exceptionally promising first effort", supra.) but a merger is appropriate here. Bearian (talk) The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.

Articles for deletion/Double Negative (1985 film)

== April 2009 == Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to the page Halsa has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you. Until It Sleeps

75.85.104.103

Waynesville is an unincorporated community in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania in the Harrisburg-Carlisle Metropolitan Statistical Area, the latitude is 40.452, and the longitude -76.879, its elevation is . == External links == Waynesville Profile Harrisburg metropolitan area Unincorporated communities in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania Unincorporated communities in Pennsylvania

Waynesville, Pennsylvania

Richard John Northey (born 28 April 1945) is a New Zealand politician. He was an MP from 1984 to 1990, and again from 1993 to 1996. He served on the Auckland Council between 2010 and 2013, and is a member of the Labour Party. ==Political career== ===Local body politics=== Northey first stood as a Labour Party candidate for the Auckland City Council at the 1968 local elections. He stood for the council unsuccessfully four times before finally winning a seat at a by-election in February 1979. He lost his seat at the next election in 1980. After exiting the council Northey stood unsuccessfully for Parliament against the then Prime Minister, Robert Muldoon, in the Tamaki electorate in the 1981 election. In the 1983 local elections Northey regained a seat on the city council before deciding not to stand for re-election in 1986. ===Member of Parliament=== He was first elected to Parliament in the 1984 election as MP for Eden, replacing National's Aussie Malcolm. He was re-elected in the 1987 election, but was defeated in the National Party's landslide victory in the 1990 election. In September 1990 he stood for the Labour Party leadership against Foreign Affairs Minister Mike Moore. His candidature was a surprise to most given that he was not a member of cabinet. He was defeated by Moore by the wide margin of 41 votes to 15. After losing his seat in 1990, he attempted to regain a seat on the Auckland City Council. He stood as a candidate in a 1991 by-election for the Maungakiekie Ward, finishing runner-up to Ken Graham. In the 1993 election he returned to Parliament, now representing Onehunga which he took off National's Grahame Thorne. In the 1996 election he contested the Maungakiekie seat after boundary changes caused by the introduction of mixed-member proportional (MMP) representation, but was defeated by National's Belinda Vernon. He was not ranked high enough on Labour's list to remain in Parliament. ===Return to local politics=== He has since entered local politics, serving on the Auckland City Council holding senior committee roles. He was elected to the Penrose Ward in 1998 until 2001 when he changed to the Maungakiekie-Tamaki Ward, holding his seat until the council was abolished in 2010. In 2007, Richard Northey became leader of the City Vision-Labour bloc on council. Northey became member of Labour's national council for six years and was chairman of the party's policy committee. In 2000 he stood unsuccessfully to replace Bob Harvey as President of the Labour Party, but was defeated by Mike Williams. He was elected to the new Auckland Council in 2010, representing the Maungakiekie-Tāmaki ward. In 2013 he contested the Maungakiekie-Tāmaki Ward again but was defeated by Denise Krum. At the 2016 Auckland elections, Northey was elected as a member of the Waitematā Local Board for the City Vision ticket. ==Personal life== Northey was a lecturer in political studies and planning at the University of Auckland. In the 2002 New Year Honours, he was appointed an Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for public services. ==Notes== ==References== 1945 births Living people New Zealand Labour Party MPs Officers of the New Zealand Order of Merit Auckland Councillors Auckland City Councillors Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives New Zealand MPs for Auckland electorates Unsuccessful candidates in the 1996 New Zealand general election Unsuccessful candidates in the 1990 New Zealand general election Unsuccessful candidates in the 1981 New Zealand general election

Richard Northey

== External links modified == Hello fellow Wikipedians, I have just modified one external link on Adams Express Company. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes: Added archive to When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs. Cheers.—InternetArchiveBot (Report bug)

Adams Funds

The Valley Railway was a shortline railroad which operated between the city of Cleveland and small town of Zoarville in the state of Ohio in the United States. The railroad was founded in 1871, but the first segment of track did not open until 1880 and the line was not completed until 1884. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) obtained a controlling interest in the Valley Railway in 1890. The railroad went bankrupt in 1895, at which time it was reorganized as the Cleveland, Terminal and Valley Railway (CT&V). The B&O took over operation of the CT&V in 1909, and the company was merged with the B&O in 1915. Traffic on the road declined significantly after the 1920s. CSX, the B&O's successor, abandoned a third of the line in 1984. This portion was acquired by the National Park Service in 1987, and the Cuyahoga Valley Scenic Railroad operates on it seasonally. CSX sold about of track south of Canton to the Wheeling and Lake Erie Railway in 1992, and the track between Akron and Canton to Akron's METRO Regional Transit Authority in 2000. CSX continues some freight operations on the remaining track, which is referred to as the Cleveland, Terminal and Valley Subdivision. The Valley Railway Historic District (a National Register of Historic Places site) encompasses the former Valley Railway from Independence to Akron. The railway also passes through or is adjacent to a number of other sites listed on the National Register. ==Founding the company== The goal of the Valley Railway was to link the industrial centers of Cleveland and Akron, Ohio, with the coal fields of Stark and Tuscarawas counties. The genesis of the railroad is somewhat unclear, however. ===Possible antecedent efforts=== Railway historians Sam Tamburro and Juliet Galonska have written that David L. King, a wealthy attorney in Akron, obtained a state charter for an "Akron and Canton Railway" in 1869. This charter was turned over to the Valley Railway in 1871. Ohio state historian Simeon D. Fess, however, mentions no charter for the Akron & Canton effort. Rather, he says Akron and Canton residents attempted to persuade the B&O to build a line between those two cities. They raised $300,000 ($ in dollars) in 1870 for the purchase of land and for construction. But when the railroad declined to build the line, the citizen-investors turned this money over to the Valley Railway in 1871. Akron area historian Samuel A. Lane also discusses the fundraising attempt. He notes that King was a primary backer of the effort, but mentions no charter. Lane says the effort to build a railroad ended in the spring of 1871 for reasons which were unclear. The idea, however, gave rise to the Valley Railway. Canton railroad historian Craig Sanders also claims that area residents obtained a state charter for the Akron & Canton. However, Sanders says the line began construction 1873, and then ran out of funds. The route must have been different from the Valley Railway's route, as Sanders says both were being built in 1873. ===Formation of the Valley Railway=== Whether there were antecedent roads or not, the Valley Railway Company was incorporated in the state of Ohio on August 21, 1871. The incorporators consisted of Henry Chisholm, co-founder and primary investor in the Cleveland Rolling Mill (a steel mill); James Farmer, president of the Ohio National Bank; Samuel Augustus Fuller, founder of the Union Iron Works (a Cleveland iron foundry); David L. King; Nathan P. Payne, a Cleveland coal dealer; and Warrick B. Price, Midwestern real estate developer and former secretary and treasurer of the Milwaukee and Beloit Railroad and the Aetna Iron and Nail Company. The state-issued charter permitted the railroad to construct a line from the city of Cleveland on the shore of Lake Erie south-southeast to the village of Bowerston, Ohio. The sale of Valley Railway stock began in January 1872. The intent was to sell $150,000 ($ in dollars) in stock in both Akron and Canton, and $500,000 ($ in dollars) in stock in Cleveland. King, the chief organizer of the corporation, raised $191,700 ($ in dollars) from Akron area investors. Sales fell far short in Cleveland, even after the Cleveland Rolling Mill bought $50,000 ($ in dollars) worth of stock. The company was finally organized on April 24, 1872. Its directors were Farmer, King, and Payne, as well as George Cook (Akron-based director of agricultural implement manufacturer Aultman Miller & Co., and director of the First National Bank of Akron), James A. Saxton (Canton-based founder of the Stark County Bank), John Frederick Seiberling (Akron-based agricultural implement manufacturer), and Andros B. Stone (co-owner of the Cleveland Rolling Mill). The newly-constituted board on May 6 elected Farmer president, King vice president, and incorporator Warrick Price the secretary and treasurer. ==Constructing the Valley Railway== The board of directors appointed P.H. Dudley, engineer for the city of Akron, as chief engineer of the Valley Railway. Because the intent of the railroad was to carry very heavy loads of coal to Akron and Cleveland, the board of directors mandated that the route follow a downhill grade between the two cities and that track curves be extremely wide and easy. The board contemplated building a narrow-gauge railway because it would be cheaper. Pressured by King, the board instead opted for the more expensive standard gauge in order to better link with other railroads. ===Initial construction efforts=== The route was surveyed and land purchased during 1872. On February 3, 1873, the railway contracted with Arthur L. Conger and Nicholas E. Vansickle (both of Akron) to build the railroad. Ground was broken in Springfield Township in Summit County in March 1873. The work initially proceeded very swiftly. By mid-August, two-thirds of the line had been graded (from Canton north almost to Cleveland), contracts for all the bridges had been let, and some bridges had even been partially completed. A financial panic hit in September 1873, creating worldwide economic havoc. The Panic of 1873 forced the railroad to indefinitely suspend construction on May 14, 1874. By fall 1874, the railroad had run out of money and incurred debts of $150,000 ($ in dollars). To resolve the impasse and get construction going again, David L. King agreed to accept the position of president of the railway. He demanded, however, that the members of the board of directors personally assume financial responsibility for paying off the company's liabilities. The board agreed, and King was elected on September 25, 1874. To raise funds for construction, King traveled to Europe in February 1875, but failed to sell any bonds. Two years passed before King was able to interest bankers and investors in Cleveland and New York City to purchase the $6.5 million ($ in dollars) in bonds the railroad needed to complete work. Walsh & Moynahan, new contractors, were hired, and work resumed on August 7, 1878. Once grading was complete, track began to be laid. The first rail was laid near Old Forge in Akron (near the present-day intersection of N. Arlington Street and North Street) on October 26, 1878. From Akron, rails were laid north toward Cleveland and south toward Canton; in Cleveland, the company began laying rails south to meet the line coming up from Akron. ===Completing the line to Canton=== Work was once again suspended on January 25, 1879, in a dispute over the quality of work provided by Walsh & Moynahan. A new contractor, the firm of Strong & Carey, was hired, and work resumed on June 3, 1879. When the Valley ran low on cash again, the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway (LS&MS) loaned it about $250,000 ($ in dollars) to finish the track. The line between Cleveland and Canton was completed on October 27, 1879. The first train (which carried important businessmen, civic leaders, clergy, industrialists, and politicians) ran on the line on January 28, 1880. Regular freight and passenger traffic began running on February 2, 1880. ===Completing the line to Bowerston=== Work on the remainder of the railroad slowed appreciably. The Valley Railway crossed the Pennsylvania Railroad's Fort Wayne Line in Canton, and followed the valleys of various streams and creeks to reach Mineral City, Ohio, which it did on July 15, 1882. There, it crossed the Pennsylvania Railroad's Tuscarawas Branch. It reached Valley Junction (Zoarville, Ohio) a few months later. Track work beyond Valley Junction was delayed because the Valley Railway had yet to negotiate trackage rights with the Wheeling and Lake Erie Railroad (W&LE). An agreement was finally reached in late 1882, and became effective January 1, 1883. The remainder of the line was completed swiftly, and in 1884 the Valley Railway between Bowerston and Valley Junction was completed—linking the Valley Railway with the W&LE and points east. At the time of its completion, the Valley Railway had of main line track, of branch track, of siding, and a spur from Mineral City to a nearby Sieberling-owned coal mine. It linked northeast Ohio's three largest cities, creating a regional transportation corridor. ==Valley Railway operational history== ===Depots=== The Valley Railway originally built 16 depots. North to south, these were located at: Cleveland. Independence Tinker's Creek Brecksville Boston Mills Peninsula Johnny Cake Lock on the Ohio and Erie Canal (later renamed Unionville, and still later Everett) Hawkins (later renamed Ira; now no longer in existence) Niles (later renamed Botzum) Akron at Howard and Ridge Streets Krumroy (south of Akron on Krumroy Road, between Marvo Drive and McChesney Road) Myersville Green In 1884, Akron granted permission for the Valley to build a spur into the heart of the city. On this spur the railroad built a new, larger passenger depot at the intersection of Canal and West Market Streets in 1887. The railroad continued to use the old station at Howard and Ridge Streets until 1971. ===Track bed lawsuit=== A portion of the Valley Railway's route followed the bed of the abandoned Ohio and Erie Canal. The canal bed was originally owned by the state of Ohio. The railroad asked the Cleveland City Council if it would lease the canal bed to the company, and the council agreed to do so on March 24, 1879. On October 31, 1879, pursuant to previously enacted state law, Governor Richard M. Bishop transferred title to that portion of the canal within the city limits to the city of Cleveland. On November 4, 1879, the city formally leased the canal bed to the Valley Railway for 99 years. Although the value of the land was estimated to be $280,000 ($ in dollars), the city agreed to a one-time payment of $265,000 ($ in dollars), payable in Valley Railway corporate bonds. The railway filled the canal with ballast to create the track bed. The state of Ohio was displeased that the city had leased the canal bed, and challenged the lease in 1879. A special joint committee was appointed by the Ohio Senate that year to examine the issue, but concluded that the city properly held title to the canal bed and could do with it as it wished. The joint committee's report was subsequently adopted by the Ohio Senate. This did not put an end to the dispute. In late 1895, Ohio Attorney General John K. Richards announced that, in his opinion, the lease to the railroad was illegal. The state then sued to recover the canal bed and evict the railroad. The state legislature adopted a resolution later that year in which it expressed its opinion that the transfer of title to the city had been proper under state law. Discussions among the city, state, and Valley Railway continued until 1908. That year, an appraiser once more found in favor of the railway. Frustrated, the state attorney general filed a motion in state district court in early March 1908 demanding title to the canal bed. In October of that year, the railway filed a demurrer in the case. The case dragged on into 1910. The 1896 legislative resolution became an issue before the courts, with the state attorney general arguing that a resolution was inadequate to affirm the city's title to the canal bed. Only a bill could have confirmed title, the state argued in March 1910. The district court held for the state of Ohio. The railway appealed, and an appellate court held for the state of Ohio. The railway appealed to the Supreme Court of Ohio. In late January 1912, the Supreme Court of Ohio held in favor of the railway. ===Baltimore and Ohio takeover=== The Valley Railroad found itself in tight competition with the Connotton Valley Railway, which opened in January 1882 and had a similar route into the Tuscarawas County coal fields. Yet, coal was the key to the Valley's financial success: By 1888, 75 percent of the Valley Railway's income came from freight, and 40 percent of its freight tonnage was coal. The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad (B&O) wanted to gain access to Cleveland, but lacked a route of its own into the city. In the spring of 1889, Taintor & Holt, a New York City investment firm, began buying up the Valley Railroad's stock on behalf of the B&O. The firm turned this stock over to the B&O in the fall of 1889. With the assistance of Valley board member Sylvester T. Everett and Valley president Jeptha Wade, the B&O obtained majority ownership of the Valley Railroad in late 1889. At the board of directors meeting on January 8, 1890, the B&O installed three of its own candidates on the Valley's board of directors. Wade resigned as president, and the new board elected Thomas M. King (a B&O official from Baltimore) president in his place. Sylvester Everett was elected the railroad's new vice president. ===1895 bankruptcy=== The Valley Railway was financially successful. In its first decade, the railroad's main cargoes were coal, copper ore, iron ore, lime, sand, and stone, but it carried much less agricultural produce than had been estimated. By 1892, four trains a day ran the entire length of the railroad, with two additional trains running each day between Cleveland and Akron. Worldwide financial difficulties led to the Valley Railway's collapse in 1892. They began with the Baring crisis in the United Kingdom, a banking panic which spread to the United States and caused a major recession in 1891. The Valley Railway went into receivership in 1892. The railroad might have recovered, but the Panic of 1893 led to another significant downturn in both passengers and freight traffic. The railroad tried to build revenue by constructing a branch from the main line at Willow (Old Brecksville Road) along Mill Creek to E. 76th Street, and then E. 76th Street and Jones Road to Broadway Avenue. This track was intended to serve the old Newburgh area's steel industry, and became known as the Newburgh Branch. Expansion proved unsuccessful. The Valley Railway had been the primary means of travel from Canton to Akron to Cleveland, but in 1895 the Northern Ohio Interurban Railroad opened. This inexpensive light rail service effectively destroyed the Valley Railway's passenger traffic between Cleveland and Akron, eliminating a major source of the company's revenue. The Valley defaulted on its bills and interest payments and went into full bankruptcy on August 2, 1895. The company was reorganized as the Cleveland, Terminal and Valley Railway (CT&V) on October 3, 1895. As part of the reorganization, the Valley transferred property worth about $250,000 ($ in dollars) to the LS&MS as payment for the 1879 loan. ==Cleveland, Terminal and Valley Railway== ===New Cleveland passenger and freight facilities=== In February 1896, the CT&V announced it would construct new, larger freight and passenger facilities in Cleveland to accommodate the increased business it was doing in the city. The existing passenger depot at the foot of Seneca Street (now W. 3rd Street) would be demolished and a long, deep, two-story station built on the same spot. A long train shed, parallel to the rear of the depot, would also be built. A trestle would bring the trains up to the level of the station and train shed. The CT&V also acquired of riverfront along Columbus Road, south of Center Street. The company said it would build a second freight station and extensive new docks there, complete with McMyler rotary car dumpers. To connect the new freight station and docks with the main tracks, the railway asked the city to close Lime Street. The total cost of the project was estimated at $500,000 ($ in dollars). The freight station, which also featured derricks to assist with the loading of heavy cargo, was completed in June 1896 and the old freight depot retained as a storage facility. The steel-frame station was deep and long, with walls and roofing of sheet metal. There were 25 loading bays on the dock side alone, and traveling overhead cranes facilitated the movement of heavy loads onto pallets or into freight wagons. As part of the freight expansion, the CT&V built a second freight depot and docks on the Cuyahoga River between Main Avenue and Cathan Avenue (just west of the Superior Avenue Viaduct Bridge). The city of Cleveland, however, wished to widen the Cuyahoga River by at this point. The city and the railway came to an agreement whereby the city would close West River Street and give this of land to the railroad. The of land on which the CT&V docks sat would be removed to allow for the widened river channel. Since the river was a "highway" under state law, the railway agreed to pay an assessment of about $16,500 ($ in dollars) for "highway improvements"; in return, the city agreed to rebuild the CT&V's docks. The new passenger depot began construction in September 1897. Designed by local structural engineer A. Lincoln Hyde and architect William Stillman Dutton in a modified Gothic Revival style, it was built by contractor C.N. Griffin. The structure was much different than originally projected, just long and deep but with three stories rather than two. The roof was of slate, mined in Virginia. The building's steel frame had a first floor facade of rock-faced blue sandstone, while the upper floors were of buff pressed brick trimmed with stone. Turrets at the corners helped to strengthen the building, and clock tower illuminated by floodlights rose from the steeply pitched roof. The clock mechanism was designed and built by the local firm of Scribner and Loehr. The baggage room on the lower level had an asphalt floor. At the main entrance on the first floor was a vestibule from which passengers could pass into the lobby. Men's and women's waiting rooms were located on either side of the lobby. First story flooring consisted of mosaic tile manufactured and installed by the Newcastle Block Pavement Co. of Pittsburgh. The walls were painted a reddish-orange and featured wood wainscoting painted dark green, with oak trim and moldings on the walls and ceiling. An elevator and stairs led from the vestibule to the upper floors. The second floor housed the CT&V's corporate headquarters, and featured mosaic tile flooring and walls painted ecru with oak trim. A large brick pillar, running through the building to the foundation, supported the heavy safes in the auditor's and engineer's offices. The third floor contained the railway's engineering and telegraphy offices, while the attic was used for records storage. The entire interior was electrically lit. The train shed was just and wide. The cost of the new passenger station was estimated at $100,000 ($ in dollars). The train shed behind the new station was only the second of its kind erected in the United States. Constructed by the Massillon Bridge Company, it consisted of two levels—one for the receiving of incoming and outgoing passenger traffic, and the other for the making up of trains and the loading of special trains. ===Route changes, trackage right leases, and new spurs=== With the depression caused by the Panic of 1896 ending, the CT&V did very well financially. It gave the Wheeling & Lake Erie trackage rights over the entire length of the CT&V, built a new freight depot in Cleveland on Seneca Street near the Central Viaduct (a block north of what is now W. 3rd Street and Harrison Street), and purchased between end of its tracks and Lake Erie for use as a rail yard. This land was obtained from the city of Cleveland for $6,000 ($ in dollars). The CT&V subsequently built up the land so it would no longer flood. On November 9, 1898, the Sandyville and Waynesburg Railroad was chartered to build a line between the C&TV line at Sandyville northeast about to Waynesburg, Ohio. The line was completed on July 1, 1899, and leased to the CT&V. (The line was originally intended to be long.) In April 1899, the Davis Railway Co. constructed a extension of the spur at Mineral City. This branch pushed east along Huff Run to Linden (an unincorporated crossroads hamlet) and the Davis Mine No. 2 coal mine. The entire length of the spur from Valley Junction to the mine became known as the Huff Run Branch. Mining was so important in the area that the Huff Run Branch later added of second track and of sidings. The B&O was threatened with losing access to many of the southern Ohio markets it relied on in 1899. The first threat came from the Cleveland and Marietta Railway. In 1872, it built a branch line from Marietta, Ohio, to the B&O main line at Harmer Junction. This allowed B&O and CT&V freight to be shipped on the Cleveland and Marietta (C&M) directly to Cleveland (or to be transferred at Canton and shipped to Cleveland). The Cleveland and Marietta said it would no longer accept freight for either railroad beginning January 1, 1900. That same year, the Wheeling & Lake Erie acquired the Cleveland, Canton and Southern Railroad, whose track from Cleveland to Canton and then to Coshocton and Zanesville. The W&LE said it would cancel the CT&V's trackage rights, which threatened to cut the CT&V completely off from all southern routes and markets. In response, the CT&V began to swiftly survey a route from Valley Junction to Canal Dover (now Dover) and then to Newark, Ohio, which would give it a link to the B&O's main line and threaten to eat significantly into traffic on both the C&M and the W&LE. To avoid construction of an independently owned new main line, the Pennsylvania Railroad agreed to give the B&O subsidiary trackage rights between Valley Junction and Canal Dover. At Canal Dover, the CT&V connected with the Lake Shore and Tuscarawas Valley Railroad (now operating as the Cleveland, Lorain and Wheeling Railroad). The CT&V thrived financially, and so did business along its route—and the railway expanded to meet this demand. In 1900, the Cleveland-Boston Bag Co. built a large mill near the tiny hamlet of Boston Mills to take advantage of the railroad. Boston Mills soon grew into a town. In 1904, the railroad built a spur from Willow (the modern intersection of Fuhrmeyer Road and Old Brecksville Road) along Mill Creek to connect with the Cleveland Short Line Railway near what is now E. 73rd Street and Deveny Avenue in Cleveland. That same year, the railway spent $115,000 ($ in dollars) strengthening all the bridges along its route, and even rebuilding some older ones, so that it could haul heavier loads and use new, heavier, more powerful locomotives. In 1905, the Jaite Paper Mill opened north of Boston Mills to take advantage of open land near the railroad as well. ===New B&O rail yard=== In 1906, the B&O closed the existing CT&V roundhouse and built a $400,000 ($ in dollars), much larger roundhouse and rail yard on W. 3rd Street in Cleveland. The 10-stall semicircular roundhouse measured on the outside and on the inside and cost $45,347 ($ in dollars). Another $200,000 ($ in dollars) was spent building the rail yard. Other improvements included: A $12,500 ($ in dollars), , deep cinder pit located about south of the new roundhouse; A $26,370 ($ in dollars), sand house and coal tipple located south of the new cinder pit; A two-story brick resthouse for trainmen northwest of the roundhouse, with second-floor reading and sleeping rooms; A one-story machine, blacksmith, and engine and boiler repair shop made of brick attached to the north end of the roundhouse; An $11,000 ($ in dollars), storehouse and oilhouse north of the roundhouse; and $145,000 ($ in dollars) in infrastructure improvements, which included a steam heating plant, smokestack, fresh water system, drain and sewer system, blow-off lines, and two water tanks. ===Bridge replacements in Cleveland=== A controversy broke out in 1905 over whether the CT&V would be required to replace its railroad bridge over the Cuyahoga River. At issue was a swing bridge over the Old Ship Channel of the Cuyahoga River. The Constitution of the United States and various federal court rulings gave the federal government control over all navigable waters, and the United States Army Corps of Engineers (tasked under federal law with improving navigable waters) asserted the right to regulate the bridge. The Corps wanted the bridge removed or replaced, since the center pier of the bridge hindered traffic in the Old Ship Channel and the embankment spans, when open, used up space which the Corps wished to use for new docks. The CT&V, however, argued that the 1825 changes to the river rendered the Old Ship Channel and the New Ship Channel man-made waterways and hence not subject to federal jurisdiction. Local hearings were held which documented the hindrance to water traffic, and the railroad agreed in April 1905 to remove the swing bridge no later than April 1, 1907. Secretary of War William Howard Taft then intervened, ordering the bridge gone by April 1, 1906. Although the railroad objected to the tight timeframe, it went ahead with plans for the new bridge as ordered. The railroad proposed a replacing the existing structure with a Scherzer rolling lift bridge, a plan which was approved in August 1905. The new bridge opened in September 1906. Designed by the Scherzer Rolling Lift Bridge Co., manufactured by the King Bridge Co., and erected by the Pittsburgh Construction Co., the double-track, bridge cost $180,000 ($ in dollars). The B&O, of its own accord, then rebuilt two more bridges in Cleveland. The first was over the Cuyahoga River near what is now Quigley Road and W. 3rd Street. The rolling lift bridge was built by the King Bridge Co. and completed in July. Planning for replacement of a second bridge, this one spanning the Cuyahoga at what is now Carter Road (on the west bank) and W. 3rd Street (on the east bank), began in June 1908. Originally, this rolling lift bridge was to be long and cost $200,000 ($ in dollars). Construction of the bridge was delayed, however, when the city of Cleveland began planning for a new viaduct over the Cuyahoga River valley near the same location. By November 1908, the city had decided to widen the river at this location, and asked the railroad to construct a longer bridge. Discussions between the city and railroad ensued, and it was not until August 1909 that both sides agreed to a $275,000 ($ in dollars), long rolling lift bridge. Built by the Pennsylvania Steel Co., construction took nearly 18 months. Taking into account its piers, abutments, and approaches, it was the largest rolling lift bridge in the world. The company also repaired a swing bridge just downstream from what is now the Center Street Bridge. This swing bridge was severely damaged when floods sent three ships crashing against the bridge. The CT&V sued for damages, and the case went to the United States Supreme Court. The Supreme Court held in Cleveland Terminal and Valley R. Co. v. Cleveland S. S. Co., 208 U.S. 316 (1908), that bridge piers, bridge protective pilings, and docks were not "aids to navigation" and thus damage to them by a ship (even if on navigable waters) was not a cause for action under United States maritime law. ==B&O takeover== In June 1909, the B&O assumed active management of the CT&V. This ended a process initiated in 1901, when the parent company began unifying operations with the subsidiary (beginning with a single ticket structure). During this period of active management, the B&O built a CT&V rail yard at Canal Dover in 1911. The B&O fully absorbed the CT&V in 1915. ===CT&V operations under the B&O=== In the early 20th century, the B&O offered three round-trip passenger trains a day between Cleveland and Canton on the CT&V tracks. One of these continued to Marietta. The high frequency of passenger trains was needed because the B&O's Chicago-to-New York City service ran through both Akron and Wheeling. The connection between Cleveland and Akron took on additional importance when, in January 1918, the B&O ceased to run passenger trains through Wheeling, and all of its passenger service went through Akron. The B&O double-tracked the CT&V line between Akron and Cleveland early in the 20th century to make it a better freight route. However, the rapid availability of the automobile led to severe losses in passenger revenues, and the increasing use of trucks to move bulk goods significantly reduced freight traffic. Passenger service to Marietta ended on July 18, 1933, and passenger service to Valley Junction ended on September 30, 1934. Slowly, the B&O began reducing the reach of the old Valley Railway. The B&O abandoned the Magnolia Branch in January 1924. It abandoned its track between Valley Junction and Mineral City in 1936, due to construction of the Dover Dam flood control project and relaigned another of track to avoid the new reservoir. About of track were also realigned due to construction of the Wills Creek Dam, of track realigned due to construction of the Beach City Dam, and of track realigned due to construction of the Bolivar Dam. The new route involved building a four-span bridge over Sandy Creek. At Mineral City, the CT&V was forced to build two wooden trestles to accommodate flood control projects. One of these was long and crossed a tributary of Huff Run as well as two roads. The CT&V abandoned its main line north of Walnut Street in Massillon due to straightening of the Tuscarawas River, and converted its industrial spur on the city's east side into a new main line. The railroad abandoned and removed the Huff Run Branch from Valley Junction to Mineral City in 1938 following eight years of disuse. In June 1934, the CT&V moved its passenger station to Cleveland's new Terminal Tower. The 1897 passenger station on Canal Road was converted into a freight depot. The CT&V realigned the entire route between Beach City and Mineral City and around East Sparta in 1938, to accommodate the Muskingum River Conservation District's flood control initiatives. Passenger travel on the former CT&V increased somewhat during World War II, but declined sharply again afterward. The B&O ceased all passenger service on the line on December 7, 1962. The last passenger train to run on the old CT&V route was the Cleveland Night Express, which provided overnight service to Baltimore. It abandoned the Newburgh Branch in 1964. ==Post-B&O history of the line== The Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) took control of the B&O on February 4, 1963. The two railroads retained their separate identities until merging into the Chessie System on June 15, 1973. A scenic railroad began operating on a portion of the old Valley Railway in 1975. The scenic railroad was first conceived in 1967. With little freight and no passenger traffic on the line, Henry Lucas (an official with the Cuyahoga County Fair) and Siegfried Buerling (director of the Hale Farm historic site) suggested that a "tourist railroad" be allowed to use the tracks. The B&O refused. Backers of a scenic railroad continued to press ahead, and in 1975 the Chessie System gave its approval. The Cuyahoga Valley Line Scenic Railroad (now known as the Cuyahoga Valley Scenic Railroad) began operation in June 1975. The Chessie System merged with the Seaboard Coast Line Railroad in November 1980 to form CSX. In 1984, CSX abandoned the remainder of the Huff Run Branch as well as all of its line between Sandyville and Mineral City. ===CSX sales of the line=== On September 5, 1984, CSX announced it would abandon the Valley Railway track between Akron and Independence. The National Park Service subsequently began negotiating to buy these of track to add to the Cuyahoga Valley National Recreation Area (which had been established on December 29, 1974, and became a national park on October 11, 2000). The sale was finalized on September 28, 1987. The northern terminus of the Park Service's track is at Independence (Granger Road and Interstate 77, approximately north of the Rockside station), after which CSX resumes ownership of the track. The southern terminus of the Park Service's track is at the Akron station, at which point CSX ownership of the track resumed. CSX subsequently sold two more portions of the old Valley Railway. In October 1992, CSX sold of track between Canton and Sandyville to a new Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad (which had recently been spun off by the Norfolk Southern Railway). In May 2000, Akron's METRO Regional Transit Authority purchased of track between Akron and Canton from CSX in May 2000. Metro provides trackage rights to the Cuyahoga Valley Scenic Railroad and two freight railroads, the W&LE and the Akron Barberton Cluster Railway. CSX still owns and uses for freight the remainder of the Valley Railway (which it calls the Cleveland Terminal and Valley Subdivision) between Independence and Cleveland. It is unclear when the of track between the end of the line (on Whiskey Island) and Literary Road (near W. 3rd Street), or the of track between Valley Junction and Bowerston, was abandoned. The portion between Literary Road and Quigley Road (near Interstate 490), about , was abandoned in 1983. Freight train use of the remaining portion of CT&V Subdivision is light, and as of 1992 the track was not in good enough condition to accommodate passenger trains. ==The Valley Railway line, as completed== As of 1906, the Valley Railroad had of main track and of secondary track; of main and secondary track siding and yards; of branch and spur track; and of branch and spur track siding and yards. About of track were in the Cleveland city limits. The railroad had three branch lines: the Huff Run Branch (about from Mineral City east to Lindentree), the Magnolia Branch (about from Sandyville along Sandy Creek to Magnolia), and the Newburg Branch (about from Granger Road, following Mill Creek, to Broadway Avenue). The railroad had a number of spurs, which served: the Independence stone quarry, the Schumacher "State Quarry" at Deep Lock, the Lawson Waterman quarry at Peninsula, the Lawson Waterman quarry at Deep Lock, the Jaite Paper Mill at Boston Mills, downtown Akron, and the Newburgh Line (through and north of what is now Bacci Park). The railroad also owned at least three rail yards. The first was the Cleveland terminal yard, built at the end of the line opposite Whiskey Island in downtown Cleveland. It was replaced in 1906 by the B&O Clark Avenue yard on W. 3rd Street. The third rail yard was located in Dover, Ohio. It is unclear when this yard was abandoned. ==Historic sites and districts== The Valley Railway Historic District encompasses the former Valley Railway from Independence to downtown Akron. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1985. Much of the railroad runs parallel or adjacent to the Ohio and Erie Canal (added to the NRHP in 1966). The railroad tracks also pass through the Everett Historic District (added to the NRHP in 1993) and the Peninsula Village Historic District (added to the NRHP in 1974) and adjacent to the Boston Mills Historic District (added to the NRHP in 1992) and the Cascade Locks Historic District (added to the NRHP in 1992). A Valley Railway spur ran to the Jaite Mill Historic District (added to the NRHP in 1979), and the railway also passed close to Hale Farm and Village (added to the NRHP in 1973). ==See also== Cleveland railroad history ==References== Notes Citations ==Bibliography== Baltimore and Ohio Railroad lines Rail infrastructure in Ohio Railway lines opened in 1880 Defunct Ohio railroads Railway companies disestablished in 1915 1871 establishments in Ohio Railway companies established in 1871 Cuyahoga Valley National Park

Valley Railway

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24.215.67.150

== April 2011 == Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Natural selection, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by ClueBot NG. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism. ClueBot NG produces very few false positives, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been detected as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Natural selection was changed by 74.137.52.122 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.953543 on 2011-04-10T22:33:15+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)

74.137.52.122

Ouvrage Kerfent is a lesser work (petit ouvrage) of the Maginot Line. Located in the Fortified Sector of Faulquemont, the ouvrage consists of three infantry blocks and an observation block, and is located between petits ouvrages Mottemberg and Bambesch, facing Germany. During the Battle of France, Kerfent was attacked by German forces, who captured the position from the rear after a short assault with artillery support. The combat blocks were heavily damaged. During the Cold War, limited repairs were made to allow the underground facilities to be occupied. Between 1958 and 1961 the site was used by the Royal Canadian Air Force as a microwave communications relay station. In the 1970s the ouvrage was sold to the commune of Zimming. The ouvrage is now flooded. == Design and construction == The site was surveyed by the Commission d'Organisation des Régions Fortifiées (CORF), the Maginot Line's design and construction agency, and was approved for construction in October 1931. It was completed at a cost of 16 million francs by the contractor Borie of Paris. The petit ouvrage was planned for construction in two phases. The second phase was to upgrade the petit ouvrage to a gros ouvrage with artillery blocks. == Description == Kerfent comprises three infantry blocks and a distant observation block. The blocks are linked by deep underground galleries, which also provide space for barracks, utilities and ammunition storage. The galleries are excavated at an average depth of up to . Block 1: Infantry block with one automatic rifle cloche (GFM) and one retractable twin machine gun turret. Block 2: Infantry block with two GFM cloches, one grenade launcher cloche (LG), one twin machine gun embrasure and one machine gun/anti-tank gun embrasure (JM/AC47). Block 3: Infantry block with two GFM cloches, one twin machine gun turret and one JM/AC47 anti-tank gun embrasure. Block 4: Observation block with two GFM cloches and one GFM/observation cloche, at a distance of from the main ouvrage. Work for the unbuilt second phase included two separate entry blocks for munitions and personnel, two casemates, each with three 75mm guns, one 75mm gun turret block, one 81mm mortar turret block and one 135mm gun turret block. == Manning == The 1940 manning of the ouvrage under the command of Captain Broché comprised 161 men and 2 officers of the 156th Fortress Infantry Regiment. The units were under the umbrella of both the 3rd and 4th Armies, Army Group 2. The Casernement de Zimming provided peacetime above-ground barracks and support services to Kerfent and other positions in the area. == History == See Fortified Sector of Faulquemont for a broader discussion of the Faulquemont sector of the Maginot Line. === 1940 === Following the 15 June 1940 breakthrough by German forces through the Saar gap, the Germans advanced along the rear of the Maginot Line. The German 167th Infantry Division approached Kerfent, Bambesch, Einseling and Téting on 19 June. On the 20th the Germans assaulted Bambesch. Supporting fire from Kerfent was of limited use, since the petit ouvrage did not mount heavy weapons. Bambesch surrendered at 1900 hours. The following day the Wehrmacht attacked Kerfent with 88mm high velocity gunfire from a battery positioned atop Bambesch. Kerfent's cloches were hit by direct fire and Block 3 had to be abandoned after it was holed. The German batteries approached to within to attack Block 2. Despite machine gun support from neighboring Mottemberg, Kerfent was forced to surrender. === 1944 === Kerfent did not see significant action during the Lorraine Campaign of 1944, but the observation block's cloche was used for weapons tests by the Americans. === Cold War === After the war, Kerfent's combat blocks were mostly left in their damaged state, but the underground facilities were cleaned and maintained. From 1958 to 1961, prior to France's withdrawal from the NATO integrated command structure in the mid-1960s, Kerfent's underground facilities and open surface areas were used by the Canadian 601st Communications Squadron as a communications center, supporting RCAF Station Grostenquin. A microwave antenna was erected on Block 2. By 1970, Kerfent was listed for disposal, and was acquired by the commune of Zimming. The military antenna was replaced by a civil television antenna. == Current condition == A volunteer group has been organized to interpret the ouvrage to the public. However, the underground portions remain flooded with up to a metre of water, and the galleries are not safely accessible. == See also == List of all works on Maginot Line Siegfried Line Atlantic Wall Czechoslovak border fortifications == Notes == == References == == Bibliography == Allcorn, William. The Maginot Line 1928-45. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2003. Kaufmann, J.E. and Kaufmann, H.W. Fortress France: The Maginot Line and French Defenses in World War II, Stackpole Books, 2006. Kaufmann, J.E., Kaufmann, H.W., Jancovič-Potočnik, A. and Lang, P. The Maginot Line: History and Guide, Pen and Sword, 2011. Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 1. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2001. Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 2. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2003. Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 3. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2003. Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 5. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2009. == External links == Official site KERF Maginot Line NATO installations in France

Ouvrage Kerfent

Claster Television

{| |} RFA Bayleaf (A109) was a Leaf-class support tanker of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary. ==Construction== Bayleaf was one of four ships ordered from Cammell Laird at Birkenhead in 1973, and laid down in 1975 as the Hudson Sound. When the ordering company ran into financial difficulties, the ships were laid up, and later were offered for sale or charter. The ship was finally launched on 27 October 1981, and when completed on 25 March 1982 she was then bareboat chartered to the Ministry of Defence (MoD) and renamed Bayleaf. ==Service history== She was almost immediately put into active service, and sailed to Gibraltar and Ascension Island en route for service in "Operation Corporate" – the Falklands War – in company with . She arrived in the Total Exclusion Zone on 9 June 1982, finally returning to Devonport on 31 August. In January 1991 she sailed from the UK to relieve during "Operation Granby" – the First Gulf War. On 1 March 1997 she collided with the Royal Yacht while carrying out a replenishment at sea (RAS) off Karachi. In 2001 Bayleaf was purchased outright by the MoD. From January 2003 to April 2003 she was deployed for "Operation Telic" – the Second Gulf War. Following the reductions to the Royal Navy fleet outlined in the 2010 "Strategic Defence and Security Review" it was decided that Bayleaf would be paid off in April 2011. The RFA Ensign was scheduled to be lowered for the final time on 20 April 2011 at HMNB Devonport. Following this, the ex-RFA Bayleaf was towed out of Portsmouth on 2 August 2012 to Aliaga in Turkey where the ship was broken up. ==See also== Bristol Group ==References== Ships of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary Leaf-class tankers Falklands War naval ships of the United Kingdom 1981 ships

RFA Bayleaf (A109)

== April 2011 == Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Human musculoskeletal system, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by ClueBot NG. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism. ClueBot NG produces very few false positives, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been detected as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Human musculoskeletal system was changed by 184.3.73.49 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.97747 on 2011-04-10T22:33:17+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)

184.3.73.49

== January 2008 == Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Matt Deres (talk) If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make any unconstructive edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant warnings.

65.92.232.26

Giovanni Tedesco (born 13 May 1972 in Palermo) is an Italian footballer manager and former player who played as a midfielder. He is the current manager of Gżira United. == Career == ===Club career=== Despite being a native of Palermo, Tedesco was initially refused by the local team, Palermo, because of his thin build, and moved to Reggina. At Reggina, he quickly became a regular in 1990. After three seasons with Reggina (1 in Serie B, 2 in Serie C1), Tedesco moved to Fiorentina in 1993 and helped the team to win the Serie B league. The following season, he then debuted in Serie A in a 2–1 win against Cagliari on 4 September 1994. Successively, Tedesco has also played for Foggia, Salernitana and Perugia, where he stayed for six seasons and became popular as a valuable midfielder and team leader, especially during his time with Serse Cosmi as manager. In January 2004, Tedesco was signed by Genoa of Serie B in an attempt to strengthen the team for the end of the season, which was seeing the rossoblu fighting for the promotion to Serie A. However, Tedesco only settle in with the arrival of Serse Cosmi, his former coach at Perugia, for the following season, who replaced Luigi De Canio who had not been able to maintain the team into the top table positions. Genoa eventually won Serie B in 2005. However the club was denied promotion and instead relegated to Serie C1 due to alleged match frauds. After relegation to Serie C1, Tedesco chose to stay and played in Genoa for the first half of the 2005–06 season before accepting an offer from Palermo which he would not have ever refused. On 8 January 2006 Tedesco played his 500th professional match, a home debut match against Lazio, which the club won 3–1, and he scored the second goal. His contract with Palermo, due to expire in June 2007, was renewed for one more year after the final matchday. He was later stated to have refused offers from several other clubs in order to stay in Palermo and expecting to end his playing career with the rosanero. On 10 April 2008 he agreed terms with Palermo for another one-year extension of his contract with the rosanero. In 2008–09 he was featured even less, only playing 17 games in his season with the rosanero, many of them in the final part of season. In June 2009 the club announced to have agreed a two-year extension for the 37-year-old local hero and Palermo native, who will play with a rosanero jersey until June 2011. However, in the 2009–10 season he found limited opportunities in the first team, appearing only seven times during the club's Serie A season. In June 2010 it was confirmed Giovanni Tedesco's retirement from football, and his appointment as US Palermo's new team manager. ===Coaching career=== After a few months as team manager of Palermo, Tedesco was moved into the youth coaching staff, initially working alongside youth system chief Rosario Argento as his aide; later on September 2011 Tedesco took his first coaching job, as head of the under-17 Allievi Regionali team for Palermo. On 26 June 2012, Tedesco amicably parted company with Palermo in order to pursue a head coaching career. The next day he was announced as new coach of Lega Pro Seconda Divisione club Foligno, but he was sacked after four matches. On 6 April 2014, Tedesco was assigned as the new manager for Floriana FC. He then switched to another Maltese team, Birkirkara, also coaching former Palermo teammate Fabrizio Miccoli. On 25 January 2016, a few weeks after his departure from Birkirkara, Tedesco was announced as new head coach of his hometown club Palermo, as the club was searching for a trainer with the requested UEFA Pro coaching badges due to newly-appointed Guillermo Barros Schelotto's pending issues on that sense. On that sense, Tedesco will officially fill in the role of head coach and hold press conferences till the end of the season, with Schelotto working alongside him as a "team manager" till his bureaucratic issues will not get solved. On 10 February 2016, following Schelotto's resignation after UEFA refusal to hand him a valid European coaching authorization, Palermo announced to have promoted Primavera youth coach Giovanni Bosi as new head coach, with Tedesco as his technical collaborator. He successively left Palermo in order to return to Floriana as head coach on 15 June 2016. Further to 2017–18 Maltese FA Trophy defeat against Naxxar Lions F.C., Tedesco resigned with immediate effect from Head Coach of Floriana. At the end of May 2018, he was appointed as coach of Ħamrun Spartans F.C.. After reaching the fourth place in the league, he resigned from his position at the end of the season. Right after leaving, he signed a new three-years contract with Gżira United. On 18 July 2019, he surprisingly guided Gżira United to eliminate Croatian powerhouse Hajduk Split in the 2019–20 UEFA Europa League first qualifying round by defeating them at home 3–1. ==Personal life== Giovanni Tedesco has two brothers who are also football players, Salvatore (formerly of Perugia and Lucchese) and Giacomo, who is playing for Reggina. ==References== ==External links== Tedesco's profile (from US Palermo official website) Italian footballers Italian football managers Living people Sportspeople from Palermo 1972 births A.C. Perugia Calcio players U.S. Salernitana 1919 players S.S.D. Palermo players Reggina 1914 players ACF Fiorentina players Calcio Foggia 1920 S.S.D. players Genoa C.F.C. players Serie A players Serie B players Serie C players Association football midfielders S.S.D. Palermo managers Maltese Premier League managers Footballers from Sicily

Giovanni Tedesco

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112.198.134.212

== April 2009 == Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to the page Sieg Heil has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you. Maxis ftw (talk)

76.126.108.150

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Healthlogics

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65.60.214.243

== April 2009 == Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to the page Aristophanes has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you. Maxis ftw (talk) Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did with this edit to the page Aristophanes. Such edits constitute vandalism and are reverted. Please do not continue to make unconstructive edits to pages; use the sandbox for testing. Thank you. Icseaturtles★

4.154.227.118

The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page. The result was delete. ===All-Star Karate League=== – (View AfDView log ) () This is a non-notable regional sport karate league that fails both GNG and MANOTE. I was also unable to find any third party references. Papaursa (talk) Note: This debate has been included in the list of Martial arts-related deletion discussions. —Papaursa (talk) Comment I can forsee that an organization that sanctions tournaments from Miami to Chicago would be able to prove notability, although this blatant cut and paste of the website intro isn't much of an article.

Articles for deletion/All-Star Karate League

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108.188.190.206

Vice President of Madagascar was a political position in Madagascar during the era of Malagasy Republic. {|class="wikitable" ! Position ! Name ! Took office ! Left office ! President ! Notes |- |Vice President |Philibert Raondry |May 1959 |June 1960 |Philibert Tsiranana | |- |Vice President |Calvin Tsiebo |June 1960 |October 1970 |Philibert Tsiranana | |- |1st Vice President |Andre Resampa |October 1970 |February 1971 |Philibert Tsiranana | |- |1st Vice President |Calvin Tsiebo |February 1971 |October 1972 |Philibert Tsiranana | |- |2nd Vice President |Jacques Rabemananjara |February 1971 |May 1972 |Philibert Tsiranana | |- |3rd Vice President |Victor Miadana |February 1971 |May 1972 |Philibert Tsiranana | |- |4th Vice President |Alfred Ramangasoavina |February 1971 |May 1972 |Philibert Tsiranana | |- |5th Vice President |Eugène Lechat |February 1971 |May 1972 |Philibert Tsiranana | |} ==References== Politics of Madagascar Government of Madagascar Madagascar

Vice President of Madagascar

==April 2010== Welcome to Wikipedia. We invite everyone to contribute constructively to our encyclopedia. Some of your recent edits have been considered unhelpful or unconstructive and have been reverted or removed. The article that you edited has notability guidelines for the addition of birthdays and deaths to the list. Refer to DOY for details on what are acceptable entries in Wikicalendar articles. Thank you. Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit that you made to the page 1964 has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Please use the sandbox for testing any edits; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing for further information. Thank you. Favonian (talk) Your account has been blocked indefinitely from editing Wikipedia because it appears to be mainly intended or used for publicity and/or promotional purposes. Please read the following carefully. Why can't I edit Wikipedia? Your account's edits and/or username indicate that it is being used on behalf of a company, group, or organization for purposes of promotion and/or publicity. The edits may have violated one or more of our rules on spamming, which include: adding inappropriate external links, posting advertisements, and using Wikipedia for promotion. Wikipedia has many articles on companies, groups, and organizations, but it is considered inappropriate for such groups to use Wikipedia to write about themselves. In addition, usernames like yours are disallowed under our username policy. Am I allowed to make these edits if I change my username? Probably not. See FAQ/Organization for a helpful list of frequently asked questions by people in your position. Also, review the conflict of interest guidance to see the kinds of limitations you would have to obey if you did want to continue editing about your company, group, or organization. If this does not fit in with your goals, then you will not be allowed to edit again. Consider using one of the many websites that allow this instead. What can I do now? You are still welcome to write about something other than your company or organization. If you do intend to make useful contributions on some other topic, you must convince a Wikipedia administrator that you mean it. To that end, please do the following: Add the text below this message box. Replace the text "Your proposed new username" with a new username you are willing to use. See Listusers to search for available usernames. Your new username will need to meet our username policy. Replace the text "Your reason here" with your reason to be unblocked. In this reason, you must: Convince us that you understand the reason for your block and that you will not repeat the edits for which you were blocked. Describe in general terms the contributions that you intend to make if you are unblocked. If you believe this block was made in error, please see how to appeal a block. Beeblebrox (talk)

Epsbuildings

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2011 Rochester Rhinos season

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76.68.88.178

Aase Hansen (March 11, 1893 – February 9, 1981) was a Danish educator, translator, and writer. She was a recipient of the Tagea Brandt Rejselegat and the Drachmannlegatet awards. ==Biography== The daughter of Frederik Carl Hansen, a merchant, and Mette Kirstine Pedersen, she was born in Frederiksværk. She was educated at Frederiksborg state school and then earned a degree in Danish, French and English from the University of Copenhagen in 1921. She taught for several years and also worked at the National Registry Office in Copenhagen. Hansen published two books Ebba Berings Studentertid ("The Academic Career of Ebba Berings") (1929) and Et Par Huse om en Station ("A Few Houses by a Station") (1930) before resigning from teaching in 1932 to write full time. Her main characters are intelligent women who are conflicted between realizing their full potential and finding meaningful relationships. They are both liberated and imprisoned. She was awarded the Tagea Brandt Rejselegat (Travel Scholarship) in 1948. In 1957, she received the Drachmannlegatet. Hansen died in Copenhagen at the age of 87. == Selected works == Vraggods ("Wreckage") (1933) Stine (1933) En Kvinde kommer hjem ("A Woman returns home"), novel (1937) Drømmen om i Gaar ("The Dream of Yesterday"), novel (1939) Den lyse Maj ("Light May"), novel (1948) Skygger i et Spejl ("Shadows in a Mirror"), novel (1951) Klip af et Billedark ("Clippings from a Picture Sheet"), memoir (1973) Forvitringens Aar ("In years of decline") (1977) == References == 1893 births 1981 deaths Danish women novelists Danish translators People from Frederiksværk 20th-century translators

Aase Hansen (writer)

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24.218.199.226

This 1958 album is a compilation of Jo Stafford's greatest hits. ==Track listing== Side one "Jambalaya" "Keep It a Secret" "Teach Me Tonight" "It is No Secret" "Hawaiian War Chant" "Tennessee Waltz" Side two "You Belong to Me" "Make Love to Me!" "Shrimp Boats" "Stardust" "If" "If You've Got the Money I've Got the Time" ==References== 1959 greatest hits albums Columbia Records compilation albums Albums arranged by Paul Weston Jo Stafford compilation albums

Jo's Greatest Hits

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156.209.173.45

Jacques d'Agar (Danish: Jacob d'Agar 9 March 1640 – 16 November 1715) was a French portrait painter born in Paris. He was a pupil of Jacob Ferdinand Voet. He began his career as an , but he soon abandoned history for portraiture, in which branch of art he became very successful. In 1675 he was admitted into the Academy, and also became painter in ordinary to the king and his court. Upon the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, Agar, as a Protestant, was shut out from the Academy. He accordingly left France in 1682, never to return. He was invited to the court of Denmark, and was greatly patronized by King Christian V. His self-portrait is in the Galleria degli Uffizi in Florence, having been painted for Cosimo III de' Medici in 1693, at the request of King Christian. Walpole tells us that he visited England, where he resided some time, and met with success. He painted the portraits of several members of the British nobility of Queen Anne's reign, including the Duchess of Montagu, the Countesses of Rochfort and Sunderland, Thomas Earl of Strafford, and others. A portrait of Charles II of England, by him, is said to have been formerly in the Gallery at Christiansburg. He died in 1716 in Copenhagen. His son Charles d'Agar also became a portrait painter. ==References== ==Sources== French Baroque painters French portrait painters 1640 births 1715 deaths Artists from Paris Danish Baroque painters Danish male painters 17th-century French painters French male painters 18th-century French painters

Jacques d'Agar

Jang clan of Andong () is one of the Korean clans. Their Bon-gwan is in Andong, North Gyeongsang Province. According to the research held in 2015, the number of Jang clan of Andong was 39,939. Their founder was who was a powerful clan in Later Three Kingdoms. Jang Jeong pil was one of the three highest civil posts who made an achievement with Gim Seon pyeong () and Gwon Haeng () when Taejo of Goryeo conquered Gyeon Hwon in Later Baekje. Jang Jeong pil’s ancestor was a Chinese and moved in Korea in the end of Silla. == See also == Korean clan names of foreign origin == References == == External links == Korean clan names of Chinese origin

Andong Jang clan

The statistical areas of the United States of America comprise the metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), the micropolitan statistical areas (μSAs), and the combined statistical areas (CSAs) currently defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB). Most recently on December 1, 2009, the Office of Management and Budget defined 1067 statistical areas for the United States, including 2 combined statistical areas, 11 metropolitan statistical areas, and 4 micropolitan statistical areas in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The table below shows the recent population of these statistical areas, the 95 counties, and the 39 independent cities of Virginia. __TOC__ ==2017 estimates== {|class=wikitable |colspan="3" style="text-align:center" |Metropolitan Statistical Areas in Virginia |- !Rank !Statistical area !Population (2017 est.) |- |1 | Greater Washington (Washington–Arlington–Alexandria metropolitan area), portion in Virginia ("Northern Virginia") | 2,924,823 |- |2 | Hampton Roads (Virginia Beach–Norfolk–Newport News metropolitan area), portion in Virginia | 1,680,860 |- |3 | Richmond metropolitan area | 1,270,158 |- |4 | Roanoke metropolitan area | 313,069 |- |5 | Lynchburg metropolitan area | 258,995 |- |6 | Charlottesville metropolitan area | 228,825 |- |7 | Blacksburg–Christiansburg–Radford metropolitan area | 181,863 |- |8 | Harrisonburg metropolitan area | 131,717 |- |9 | Staunton–Waynesboro metropolitan area | 120,283 |- |10 | Winchester metropolitan area, portion in Virginia | 111,300 |- |11 | Kingsport–Bristol metropolitan area, portion in Virginia | 93,824 |- | |Total population living in MSAs (% of state total) |7,315,717 (87.4%) |} ==2013-5 estimates== ==2010 census, with counties== The table below describes the 17 United States statistical areas, 95 counties, and 39 independent cities of the Commonwealth of Virginia with the following information: The combined statistical area (CSA) as designated by the OMB. The CSA population as of April 1, 2010, as enumerated by the 2010 United States Census. The core based statistical area (CBSA) as designated by the OMB. The CBSA population as of April 1, 2010, as enumerated by the 2010 United States Census. The county, independent city, or federal district. The county, independent city, or federal district population as of April 1, 2010, as enumerated by the 2010 United States Census. {|class=wikitable |+The 17 United States statistical areas, 95 counties, and 39 independent cities of the Commonwealth of Virginia |- !Combined Statistical Area !2010 Census !Core Based Statistical Area !2010 Census !County !2010 Census |- |rowspan=34|Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia, DC-MD-VA-WV CSA |rowspan=34 align=right|8,572,9712,774,276 |rowspan=22|Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV MSA |rowspan=22 align=right|5,582,1702,623,079 |Fairfax County, Virginia |align=right|1,081,726 |- |Montgomery County, Maryland |align=right|971,777 |- |Prince George's County, Maryland |align=right|863,420 |- |District of Columbia |align=right|601,723 |- |Prince William County, Virginia |align=right|402,002 |- |Loudoun County, Virginia |align=right|312,311 |- |Frederick County, Maryland |align=right|233,385 |- |Arlington County, Virginia |align=right|207,627 |- |Charles County, Maryland |align=right|146,551 |- |City of Alexandria, Virginia |align=right|139,966 |- |Stafford County, Virginia |align=right|128,961 |- |Spotsylvania County, Virginia |align=right|122,397 |- |Calvert County, Maryland |align=right|88,737 |- |Fauquier County, Virginia |align=right|65,203 |- |Jefferson County, West Virginia |align=right|53,498 |- |City of Manassas, Virginia |align=right|37,821 |- |Warren County, Virginia |align=right|37,575 |- |City of Fredericksburg, Virginia |align=right|24,286 |- |City of Fairfax, Virginia |align=right|22,565 |- |City of Manassas Park, Virginia |align=right|14,273 |- |Clarke County, Virginia |align=right|14,034 |- |City of Falls Church, Virginia |align=right|12,332 |- |rowspan=7|Baltimore-Towson, MD MSA |rowspan=7 align=right|2,658,405 |Baltimore County, Maryland |align=right|805,029 |- |Baltimore City, Maryland |align=right|620,961 |- |Anne Arundel County, Maryland |align=right|537,656 |- |Howard County, Maryland |align=right|287,085 |- |Harford County, Maryland |align=right|244,826 |- |Carroll County, Maryland |align=right|167,134 |- |Queen Anne's County, Maryland |align=right|47,798 |- |rowspan=3|Winchester, VA-WV MSA |rowspan=3 align=right|128,472104,508 |Frederick County, Virginia |align=right|78,305 |- |City of Winchester, Virginia |align=right|26,203 |- |Hampshire County, West Virginia |align=right|23,964 |- |rowspan=1|Lexington Park, MD μSA |rowspan=1 align=right|98,854 |St. Mary's County, Maryland |align=right|98,854 |- |rowspan=1|Culpeper, VA μSA |rowspan=1 align=right|46,689 |Culpeper County, Virginia |align=right|46,689 |- |rowspan=64 colspan=2 align=center bgcolor=#EEEEEE|none |rowspan=16|Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC MSA |rowspan=16 align=right|1,671,6831,648,136 |City of Virginia Beach, Virginia |align=right|437,994 |- |City of Norfolk, Virginia |align=right|242,803 |- |City of Chesapeake, Virginia |align=right|222,209 |- |City of Newport News, Virginia |align=right|180,719 |- |City of Hampton, Virginia |align=right|137,436 |- |City of Portsmouth, Virginia |align=right|95,535 |- |City of Suffolk, Virginia |align=right|84,585 |- |James City County, Virginia |align=right|67,009 |- |York County, Virginia |align=right|65,464 |- |Gloucester County, Virginia |align=right|36,858 |- |Isle of Wight County, Virginia |align=right|35,270 |- |Currituck County, North Carolina |align=right|23,547 |- |City of Williamsburg, Virginia |align=right|14,068 |- |City of Poquoson, Virginia |align=right|12,150 |- |Mathews County, Virginia |align=right|8,978 |- |Surry County, Virginia |align=right|7,058 |- |rowspan=20|Richmond, VA MSA |rowspan=20 align=right|1,258,251 |Chesterfield County, Virginia |align=right|316,236 |- |Henrico County, Virginia |align=right|306,935 |- |City of Richmond, Virginia |align=right|204,214 |- |Hanover County, Virginia |align=right|99,863 |- |Prince George County, Virginia |align=right|35,725 |- |Louisa County, Virginia |align=right|33,153 |- |City of Petersburg, Virginia |align=right|32,420 |- |Caroline County, Virginia |align=right|28,545 |- |Powhatan County, Virginia |align=right|28,046 |- |Dinwiddie County, Virginia |align=right|28,001 |- |City of Hopewell, Virginia |align=right|22,591 |- |Goochland County, Virginia |align=right|21,717 |- |New Kent County, Virginia |align=right|18,429 |- |City of Colonial Heights, Virginia |align=right|17,411 |- |King William County, Virginia |align=right|15,935 |- |Amelia County, Virginia |align=right|12,690 |- |Sussex County, Virginia |align=right|12,087 |- |Cumberland County, Virginia |align=right|10,052 |- |Charles City County, Virginia |align=right|7,256 |- |King and Queen County, Virginia |align=right|6,945 |- |rowspan=6|Roanoke, VA MSA |rowspan=6 align=right|308,707 |City of Roanoke, Virginia |align=right|97,032 |- |Roanoke County, Virginia |align=right|92,376 |- |Franklin County, Virginia |align=right|56,159 |- |Botetourt County, Virginia |align=right|33,148 |- |City of Salem, Virginia |align=right|24,802 |- |Craig County, Virginia |align=right|5,190 |- |rowspan=6|Lynchburg, VA MSA |rowspan=6 align=right|252,634 |City of Lynchburg, Virginia |align=right|75,568 |- |Bedford County, Virginia |align=right|68,676 |- |Campbell County, Virginia |align=right|54,842 |- |Amherst County, Virginia |align=right|32,353 |- |Appomattox County, Virginia |align=right|14,973 |- |City of Bedford, Virginia |align=right|6,222 |- |rowspan=5|Charlottesville, VA MSA |rowspan=5 align=right|190,278 |Albemarle County, Virginia |align=right|92,035 |- |City of Charlottesville, Virginia |align=right|40,315 |- |Fluvanna County, Virginia |align=right|25,058 |- |Greene County, Virginia |align=right|17,709 |- |Nelson County, Virginia |align=right|15,161 |- |rowspan=4|Blacksburg-Christiansburg-Radford, VA MSA |rowspan=4 align=right|162,958 |Montgomery County, Virginia |align=right|94,392 |- |Pulaski County, Virginia |align=right|34,872 |- |Giles County, Virginia |align=right|17,286 |- |City of Radford, Virginia |align=right|16,408 |- |rowspan=3|Staunton-Waynesboro, VA μSA |rowspan=3 align=right|118,502 |Augusta County, Virginia |align=right|73,750 |- |City of Staunton, Virginia |align=right|23,746 |- |City of Waynesboro, Virginia |align=right|21,006 |- |rowspan=2|Harrisonburg, VA MSA |rowspan=2 align=right|125,228 |Rockingham County, Virginia |align=right|76,314 |- |City of Harrisonburg, Virginia |align=right|48,914 |- |rowspan=2|Danville, VA μSA |rowspan=2 align=right|106,561 |Pittsylvania County, Virginia |align=right|63,506 |- |City of Danville, Virginia |align=right|43,055 |- |rowspan=8|Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol (Tri-Cities), TN-VA CSA |rowspan=8 align=right|508,26095,888 |rowspan=5|Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA MSA |rowspan=5 align=right|309,54495,888 |Sullivan County, Tennessee |align=right|156,823 |- |Hawkins County, Tennessee |align=right|56,833 |- |Washington County, Virginia |align=right|54,876 |- |Scott County, Virginia |align=right|23,177 |- |City of Bristol, Virginia |align=right|17,835 |- |rowspan=3|Johnson City, TN MSA |rowspan=3 align=right|198,716 |Washington County, Tennessee |align=right|122,979 |- |Carter County, Tennessee |align=right|57,424 |- |Unicoi County, Tennessee |align=right|18,313 |- |rowspan=51 colspan=2 align=center bgcolor=#EEEEEE|none |rowspan=2|Martinsville, VA μSA |rowspan=2 align=right|67,972 |Henry County, Virginia |align=right|54,151 |- |City of Martinsville, Virginia |align=right|13,821 |- |rowspan=2|Bluefield, WV-VA μSA |rowspan=2 align=right|107,34245,078 |Mercer County, West Virginia |align=right|62,264 |- |Tazewell County, Virginia |align=right|45,078 |- |rowspan=47 colspan=2 align=center bgcolor=#EEEEEE|none |Shenandoah County, Virginia |align=right|41,993 |- |Wise County, Virginia |align=right|41,452 |- |Halifax County, Virginia |align=right|36,241 |- |Orange County, Virginia |align=right|33,481 |- |Accomack County, Virginia |align=right|33,164 |- |Mecklenburg County, Virginia |align=right|32,727 |- |Smyth County, Virginia |align=right|32,208 |- |Carroll County, Virginia |align=right|30,042 |- |Wythe County, Virginia |align=right|29,235 |- |Russell County, Virginia |align=right|28,897 |- |Lee County, Virginia |align=right|25,587 |- |Buchanan County, Virginia |align=right|24,098 |- |Page County, Virginia |align=right|24,042 |- |King George County, Virginia |align=right|23,584 |- |Prince Edward County, Virginia |align=right|23,368 |- |Rockbridge County, Virginia |align=right|22,307 |- |Southampton County, Virginia |align=right|18,570 |- |Patrick County, Virginia |align=right|18,490 |- |Westmoreland County, Virginia |align=right|17,454 |- |Brunswick County, Virginia |align=right|17,434 |- |Buckingham County, Virginia |align=right|17,146 |- |Alleghany County, Virginia |align=right|16,250 |- |Dickenson County, Virginia |align=right|15,903 |- |Nottoway County, Virginia |align=right|15,853 |- |Grayson County, Virginia |align=right|15,533 |- |Floyd County, Virginia |align=right|15,279 |- |Madison County, Virginia |align=right|13,308 |- |Lunenburg County, Virginia |align=right|12,914 |- |Charlotte County, Virginia |align=right|12,586 |- |Northampton County, Virginia |align=right|12,389 |- |Northumberland County, Virginia |align=right|12,330 |- |Greensville County, Virginia |align=right|12,243 |- |Lancaster County, Virginia |align=right|11,391 |- |Essex County, Virginia |align=right|11,151 |- |Middlesex County, Virginia |align=right|10,959 |- |Richmond County, Virginia |align=right|9,254 |- |City of Franklin, Virginia |align=right|8,582 |- |Rappahannock County, Virginia |align=right|7,373 |- |City of Lexington, Virginia |align=right|7,042 |- |City of Galax, Virginia |align=right|7,042 |- |Bland County, Virginia |align=right|6,824 |- |City of Buena Vista, Virginia |align=right|6,650 |- |City of Covington, Virginia |align=right|5,961 |- |City of Emporia, Virginia |align=right|5,927 |- |Bath County, Virginia |align=right|4,731 |- |City of Norton, Virginia |align=right|3,958 |- |Highland County, Virginia |align=right|2,321 |-style="font-weight:bold;" bgcolor=#FFFFBB |colspan=5 align=center|Commonwealth of Virginia |align=right|8,001,024 |} ==See also== Commonwealth of Virginia Demographics of the United States ==References== ==External links== United States Government United States statistical areas Statistical Areas Of Virginia Statistical Areas Of Virginia

Virginia statistical areas

==Needs an expert on GEDCOM== Needs attention from an expert on GEDCOM. For the Myths & Limitations section and the article in general. I have some additional material for an attempt at a history section here. gioto (talk) Interesting read, I'll see what I can do. Narracan3824 (talk) ==Unrelated Comment== Really needs an expert on GEDCOM. I think the focus on the problems with sideways relationships, ie, marriages etc, is a bit of a red herring. GEDCOM and genealogy is more about the vertical relationships - parent / child. The sideways relationships can be left out completely without a problem. I know society generally emphasises the 'marriage', but genealogy is mostly about who had which kids. The only use for marriage certificates is that there is usually information that would help track the connections further along. The the only reason I have for using programs using gedcoms is to document and keep track of the vertical, and as such I usually only make a very brief note of relationships that didn't produce children relevant to me. Quite frankly, there might be an interesting story in other relationships, but it doesn't add to my genealogy, and a program or system that emphasises the sideways relos would be useless to me. I think the problems stated in the article aren't actually relevant to genealogy, therefore not relevant to GEDCOMs. jayoval (talk) ==Volunteer== I'm a senior software engineer who has been working in the genealogy field for many years, and consider myself extremely familiar with GEDCOM. I'll be glad to work on this page a little, but I'm new to Wikipedia (although I have worked with other Wikis before) so I'm unclear on the requirements for adding citations to my changes. How do I add a citation to a myth? Maybe just rewrite that whole section as a "here are some things GEDCOM can do that most users don't realize"? How do I add a citation where the answer is hidden deep in the GEDCOM spec, and not specifically stated but rather implied? Since an official searchable version of the GEDCOM spec is not available online (you can download it, and there are individual users who have uploaded a copy), if I want to point to a particular portion of the spec, is it acceptable to use a non-official version (I'm thinking specifically about Paul McBride's version, referenced already in the article). Thanks Cscooper (talk) There are plenty of good examples of how to reference to various things in the article itself. So just look at how the code of them works. You'll get the picture, it's a very simple markup system. As for making citations to implied aspects of GEDCOM, I think the issue would be rather can you find someone who describes the conclusion you're discussing? On your last point it should be fine to refer to another online copy of the sprc, if you're confident that it won't suddenly go off-line. Can I float a ferinstance or consideration? The question concerns the treatment of nobility. Firstly, there is a confusion between the use of TITL as a citation and TITL as rank. Secondly, there is disparity between TITL and the individual's honorific, which does not appear to be considered in the specification: for example, a member of the UK Privy Council is entitled to the honorific "Right Honourable", in addition to any other titles he may hold. In general, but not in every instance, an individual's rank in nobility is that of his highest title, Duke of Buckingham, Count of Erewhon, Lord of Underbucket. Each of these will presumably be listed as a separate TITL with its subordinate EVENts - but then there arises the question of enumerotation. are all simultaneously possible in the same person. There have even been cases of Kings wishing to be known as commoners (George II of England, for example). How would someone explain that lot? I thinbk you also need a Herald! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.241.227.84 (talk) ==Limitations/Place section== I removed the Limitations/Place section. The alleged limitation only makes sense if GEDCOM is used to store data; it does not make sense when GEDCOM is used to transmit data, which is what it was designed to do. Although GEDCOM requires the PLAC be spelled out each time it is used, nothing stops the software writing or reading GEDCOM from normalizing its data. Tms (talk) == Developing a "better GEDCOM" == Recently a new project has been started to develop a "better GEDCOM". The goals are set high (e.g. getting ISO-recognition), but the people working on it are highly knowlegeable and very motivated. I guess adding it to the article isn't necessary yet, but it's definitely worth keeping up with the development: Yes worth watching. Probably best to list all similar groups gioto (talk) :At the bottom of this article (GEDCOM Alternatives 2010-11-05) it list BetterGEDCOM and another group called The OpenGen Alliance gioto (talk) ::::Please note that the link above for The OpenGen Alliance at no longer works; the last working Internet Archive snapshot of the site is from June 2012. Readers may want to look to instead. — Asterisk*Splat :::::I am glad you were able to use my suggested fix for the broken link. Loveonearth (talk) ::Someone removed the list of 'Alternatives' recently so no links are published now. OpenGen seems to have folded as their Web site is no longer reachable. The BetterGEDCOM wiki is still thriving but a group of contributors formed FHISO earlier this year in order to provide both the consolidation and consensus-building missing from that wiki. They aim to continue with the development of a standard within an international community. All they need is support from more of the 'big players' in the industry. TonyP (talk) :::For 10 years know there is a mailing list which does focus on further development of the current 5.5.1 de-facto-standard. There where several contradictions within the standard, which where resolved by common agreement, as well as further development to define required extensions. GEDCOM-L is mainly a German discussion group, while English comments are always welcome. Traut (talk) ==Merge== GEDCOM data validation is not a notable enough topic (separate from GEDCOM) to merit it's own article. It should be merged here. I agree. And on some other issues mentioned in the discussion and in the article I wonder whether the article is in danger of losing its perspective as an encyclopedia article. An encyclopedia article presumably introduces the topic to the uninformed. It is not a resource for the informed or expert on the topic to gain in-depth knowledge, and a drift in that direction, tempting as it may be when writing these articles, only jeopardizes the value of the article for general use. An encyclopedia article can and perhaps should serve the additional purpose of pointing to more in-depth articles or resources for the benefit of those who want more information. The comment at the beginning of the article under GEDCOM MODEL seems to be of this (questionable) nature. "This contrasts with evidence-based models, where data are structured to reflect the supporting evidence. In the GEDCOM lineage-linked data model, all data are structured to reflect the believed reality, that is, actual (or hypothesized) nuclear families and individuals.". Such comment is only comprehensible to experts in the field and rather than provide elaboration here, it would seem that "Other models and structures have been proposed." is all that is needed here, perhaps with references to other Wikipedia or explanatory articles. == Proununciation? == How is GEDCOM pronounced? "JED-com"? Casey (talk) Jed (like in Jedidiah) Com (like in communication) == GEDCOM proprietary standard status == Let's say a free software project wants to take GEDCOM syntax, modify it for other uses, change semantics and rename it, and use that as a format, would that be possible? I'm not a lawyer, but I think the main thing to avoid would be referring to your modified project with the "GEDCOM" name. There have already been several proposals for HTML-ized or XML-ized GEDCOM... AnonMoos (talk) These proposals use GEDCOM semantics, but not its syntax, to my knowledge. == Broken link == On 2012-09-23, the '9.^ The Windows GEDCOM Validator' link produces a "404 Not Found" error message. 121.127.206.19 (talk) On 2013-12-30 the '3.^ "Genealogical Software Report Card". March 2005.' links to a site that does NOT contain said article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.31.97.44 (talk) == Proprietary and open? == These terms are somewhat exclusive, if we are using interpretations of open such as the open definition, the Open Source Definition, Freedom Defined, etc.. Is the GEDCOM a proprietary standard, or is it open, peer-reviewed, etc? Not sure about the technicalities of the definitions, but the Mormon church claims the right to determine the future direction of the standard (with indifferent success over the last 15 years), while current versions of the standard are perfectly free to be downloaded, and can be implemented by any software program without having to ask permission or pay royalties. It would also be possible to "fork" the standard, but probably the name "GEDCOM" would have to be removed from the title... AnonMoos (talk) Depends on what version you are talking about. Per the GEDCOM FAQ, GEDCOM X is licensed under the Apache License and the documentation under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike licence. These are opensource licenses. The name "GEDCOM" is trademarked, which is different than copyright. Almost all medium to large opensource projects trademark their name. When a project is forked, the name has to change. OpenOffice was forked and is called LibreOffice. The Red Hat Linux operating system has several forks, such as CentOS, Scientific Linux, and Oracle Linux. Also, as per most Open Source projects, an entity is in charge and leads the direction of the project. The entity can be a person, corporation or foundation. Bgwhite (talk) == FamilySearch removes GEDCOM specifications == See Tamura Jones' post at: FamilySearch removes GEDCOM specifications. He has decided to host them himself (see FamilySearch GEDCOM Specifications) as they are still required by developers who must deal with backwards compatibility with legacy software. What should this article do with its broken links? TonyP (talk) This should be resolved at Family Search soon - see Related standards should remain available from well-known URLs · Issue #273 · FamilySearch/gedcomx. ★NealMcB★ (talk) The 5.5 and 5.5.1 specs are back up at the Family Search site where they were before (as referenced here previously), thanks to the folks working on gedcom x who noticed the issue I filed. I've linked to the 5.5 spec again from the article. Thanks, folks! ★NealMcB★ (talk) == External links modified == Hello fellow Wikipedians, I have just modified on GEDCOM. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes: Added archive to When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ). Cheers.—cyberbot IITalk to my owner:Online == External links modified == Hello fellow Wikipedians, I have just modified 2 external links on GEDCOM. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes: Added archive to Added archive to When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs. Cheers.—InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) == External links modified == Hello fellow Wikipedians, I have just modified 2 external links on GEDCOM. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes: Corrected formatting/usage for Added archive to When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs. Cheers.—InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) == GEDCOM file structure == Does an EBNF specification of the syntax exist? If so it should be referenced. This section should mention what GEDCOM accepts for end-of-line. Regards, ... PeterEasthope (talk) Looking at Extended Backus–Naur form, I'm not sure that it could be used to enforce correct level numbers at the beginning of each line. A lot of times, a multi-line structure is inserted into the middle of another structure so that the first line has level N (where the exact number depends on the surrounding context of where it's inserted), and the subsequent lines all have a level of at least N+1 (sometimes N+2 etc.). How would EBNF specify that the second line has to begin with a number one greater than whatever number the first line begins with? As for line endings, the preponderance of implementations have been in the DOS/Windows world... AnonMoos (talk) I downloaded and looked at the most recent versions of the specification (apparently the most recent version I had looked at before now was 5.3, which was quite a while ago). In the standards documents, there's a quite detailed discussion of the "data representation grammar" in which the "lineage-linked" form of GEDCOM is specified, but I'm not sure that the data representation grammar could be expressed in EBNF form, due to the special requirements on the level numbers at the beginning of each line (as I discussed above). AnonMoos (talk) == GEDCOM 5.5.1 final released == I replaced GEDCOM 5.5 by GEDCOM 5.5.1 as latest release because FamilySearch released GEDCOM 5.5.1 as standard on 2019-11-15. The version (its release) should be described in the article as well. Markus -voks- Henn (talk)

GEDCOM

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188.119.96.232

== October 2017 == Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. This is a message letting you know that one or more of your recent edits to Milton, Ontario has been undone by an automated computer program called ClueBot NG. ClueBot NG makes very few mistakes, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made was constructive, please read about it, , remove this message from your talk page, and then make the edit again. For help, take a look at the introduction. The following is the log entry regarding this message: Milton, Ontario was changed by Pdhenderson (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.960921 on 2017-10-27T19:52:04+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk) Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Georgetown, Ontario. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Repeated vandalism can result in the loss of editing privileges. Thank you. Meters (talk) Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Milton, Ontario ‎, you may be blocked from editing. Malcolmxl5 (talk) == November 2017 == Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. This is a message letting you know that one or more of your recent edits to Milton, Ontario has been undone by an automated computer program called ClueBot NG. ClueBot NG makes very few mistakes, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made was constructive, please read about it, , remove this message from your talk page, and then make the edit again. For help, take a look at the introduction. The following is the log entry regarding this message: Milton, Ontario was changed by Pdhenderson (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.9101 on 2017-11-07T21:06:10+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk) Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Binbrook, Ontario. Your edits continue to appear to constitute vandalism and have been automatically reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism. ClueBot NG makes very few mistakes, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been considered as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again. If you need help, please see our help pages, and if you can't find what you are looking for there, please feel free to place on your talk page and someone will drop by to help. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Binbrook, Ontario was changed by Pdhenderson (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.867964 on 2017-11-07T21:15:17+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk) Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Milton, Ontario, you may be blocked from editing. PKT(alk) You may be blocked from editing without further warning the next time you vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Binbrook, Ontario. PKT(alk) You have been blocked indefinitely from editing for persistent vandalism. If you think there are good reasons for being unblocked, please read the guide to appealing blocks, then add the following text below the block notice on your talk page: .  Widr (talk)

Pdhenderson

The Trup Tindakan Cepat (Rapid Action Troops), or TTC, is an anti-terror special forces squad within the Malaysian Prison Department. Formed on 3 October 2005, TTC Force is a highly trained elite force that is deployed for various high risk and special operations, such as responding to incidents, riots, cell extractions, mass searches, or disturbances in prisons, possibly involving uncooperative or violent inmates. The units are required to be contactable and able to respond at all times. TTC is founded upon a team concept and is made up of highly motivated and experienced officers ==History== The TTC was formed after the hostage incidents at Pudu jails. The latter establishment was taken over by a Singaporean named Jimmy Chua and his henchmen, who captured the jail and took the staff and prisoners as a hostages. The unit, which consists of 20 operators, under the command by Commissioner-General of Prisons, Dato' Mustafa Bin Osman, was established on 3 October 2005; it became operational in 2006. The team led by the Assistant Superintendent of Prisons, Yusli Bin Yusof, had undergone three months training at the Special Warfare Training Centre (PULPAK) in Sungai Udang Fort, Malacca. This training was conducted by the 11th Grup Gerak Khas Counter-Terrorist Regiment. The Prisons Department are required to deploy such a unit because many high-profile criminals and terrorists are detained, including those under the Internal Security Act (ISA). This unit liaises with other agencies, including the Pasukan Gerakan Khas and Royal Malaysian Navy's PASKAL which are also involved in national security. The TTC duties include transport of high risk inmates, extracting uncooperative prisoners from their cells, daily full cell searches and high-profile security, barricaded persons, riots, mass arrest, high risk/high-profile transport and hostages situations, as well as crowd control. The Prisons Department were originally accompanied by the police for escorting high-profile prisoners. Following the formation of the TTC, such moves could be carried out without police assistance. ==Training== The Prisons Department plan to expand the TTC to 30 officers after a preliminary trial at their training centre. The selection process for suitable officers, is extremely tough. Potential officers of the TTC must be under 35 years old, has a good health and pass a qualification period. Throughout the process, officers must go through various physically demanding activities such as Individual physical proficiency tests or IPPT. They must also clear the standard obstacle course within a stipulated time. Teamwork must be evident among officers as well. They will be required to join a counter-terrorist course by the 69 Commando at the General Operations Force Training Centre, at Ulu Kinta. Prospective trainees are expected to exceed the minimum requirements of the Physical Screening Test (PST) which are: A 3.2 km run in 18 minutes Seven chin-ups 25 sit-ups in one minute 25 push-ups in one minute The fireman's lift over 100 metres Swim 100 metres freestyle Diving into 15 metres of water Falling 10 metres Treading water for five minutes Climbing a six-metre rope A firing skills test A writing test TTC officers are specialised in multiple areas, which are essential to make prisons safe in an ever-changing security climate, such as: Combat Techniques Close-quarters riot control Transportation of high risk inmates Close protection Less lethal weaponry Dynamic entry Physical training Use of specialised weapons Tactical rappelling Close Quarters Combat Unarmed combat (including Taekwondo martial arts) Marksmanship Tactical shooting Task Oriented Combat Search and Rescue (CSAR) Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) handling Hostage rescue, internal and external, and in vehicles Intelligence Gathering Intelligence Special reconnaissance Disguises Their core functions include responding to prison contingencies and exercises, performing high risk escort duties and training prison officers in various core tactical skills. In March 2010, the second series of TTC selection was attended by 32 trainees, only 18 personnel passed a 15-week course at the Prison Officer Training Centre, Taiping, Perak. The Best Intern was PW 14319 Mazlan Bin Abd. Razak from Bentong Prison. The Best at Shooting was PW 14450 Hj Majidee Bin Hj. Khalid from Miri Prisons and the Best at Physical Training was PW 14430 Mahadi Bin Mamat from Kajang Prison. ==Firearms== Like other specialist teams, the TTC is equipped with special weapons and equipment such as pistols, shotguns and SMG. TTC members have access to battering rams and tools for forced entry along with other weaponry including rifles, machine guns, grenade launchers and sniper rifles depend on the situation encountered. Weapons chosen possibility is: Pistols Glock 17 Smith & Wesson M&P Shotguns Remington 870 Benelli Nova Sub-machine guns CZ Scorpion Evo 3 Heckler & Koch MP5 Grenade launcher T.S Gun CS Precision rifles Accuracy International PM ===Support Equipment=== Taser X26 Night vision devices T-baton - Made by Pro Squad Defence, including laser dot and LED flashlight Tactical Vest - Made by Blackhawk Ballistic helmet Tactical shield Thunderbolt Mono Shock Ram ==See also== Singapore Prisons Emergency Action Response Correctional Emergency Response Team ==References== ==External links== Websites of Malaysian Prison Department 2005 establishments in Malaysia Specialist law enforcement agencies of Malaysia Organizations established in 2005 Prisons in Malaysia

Trup Tindakan Cepat

== April 2010 == Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, several of your edits have not been constructive and have therefore been reverted. Please read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. == May 2010 == Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Environmentalism, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Thank you. If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make any unconstructive edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant warnings.

74.84.113.74

== January 2008 == Hi, the recent edit you made to Dial H for Hero has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thanks. ✰ALLSTAR✰ echo

76.212.148.5

Philip Santo (7 August 1818 – 17 December 1889) was a South Australian politician and businessman. ==History== Santo was born at Saltash, Cornwall, and trained to be a carpenter. At the age of 22 he left for South Australia on the ship Brightman, arriving in Adelaide in December 1840. He worked as a builder in Adelaide, then Burra. He moved to Melbourne during the rush to the Victorian goldfields but soon returned to set up a shop in Grote Street near Victoria Square in 1857, then Waymouth Street from 1866, then from 1873 as Philip Santo & Co in Waymouth Street and Lipson Street Port Adelaide; initially selling timber. then building materials then general hardware, riverboats and ships. By 1880 they had diversified into such disparate goods as patent medicines, perfumes and flavourings, American waggons, brooms, "kerosine", "gasoline" and cabinet organs. He was reported as the 1867 purchaser of Levi & Watt's newly-completed warehouse at 96 King William Street (now the site of the Commonwealth Bank) which became a warehouse for drapery wholesaler D. & W. Murray, but it appears he was acting for one T. Martin, an English investor. In 1880 his company erected a new building on Waymouth Street, designed by architect D. Garlick. Tenants included Conigrave & Collison, agents and patent attorneys, and the S.A. Chamber of Manufactures. Santo's company ceased advertising around 1890. Santo was elected to the South Australian House of Assembly in 1860 for the City of Adelaide district, 1862 and 1865 for East Adelaide then in 1868 for Barossa and was appointed Commissioner of Public works on a number of occasions for various periods, first in the Waterhouse cabinet, then with Henry Ayers to 1868. He lost his seat in 1870, during which year he was elected to the Legislative Council and held that seat for 21 years. He was an active member of the Christian Church, of which Rev. Thomas Playford and Herbert Hussey were contemporary adherents, and as an Elder frequently preached in their chapels in Grote Street and Bentham Street. He had residences "Clapham Park" in Mitcham and "Fernleigh House" on West Terrace, Adelaide, where he died. ==Family== Santo married Elizabeth Pean (23 September 1816 – 28 February 1904); they had four daughters and one son: Mary Maynard Santo (1841–1941) married James Shaw Greer (1835–1890), later mayor of Unley Elizabeth Hooper Santo (1845–1923) married James Smith (c. 1842–1900), a business partner of P. Santo, lived at Semaphore Jane Santo (1848–1875) married Rev. Thomas Jefferson Gore MA (1839–1923) of the Grote St. church in 1868 Sarah Santo (1850–1945) married Rev. Thomas Jefferson Gore MA (1839–1923) on 5 October 1876 Esther Santo (1852–1941) Philip Santo, Jr., (11 December 1842 – 13 June 1868) married Albertina Kidner (c. 1845 – 10 December 1909) on 9 October 1866. Philip was a prize-winning student at Adelaide Educational Institution, and worked for a time in his father's shop and had a promising future, but died at an early age from diphtheria, leaving a wife and two daughters, Albertina Mary Santo and Amelia Elizabeth Santo (both married Messent boys). His widow, Albertina, married Dr. W. G. Torr (1853–1939) on 20 December 1892. |- |- ==References== 1818 births 1889 deaths Members of the South Australian House of Assembly Members of the South Australian Legislative Council People from Saltash 19th-century Australian politicians

Philip Santo

{| |} RFA Fort Rosalie is the lead ship of her class of Royal Fleet Auxiliary fleet replenishment ships. Fort Rosalie was originally named RFA Fort Grange, but was renamed in May 2000 to avoid confusion with the now-decommissioned , a change which was not universally popular. In February 2014, the ship arrived at North Western Ship repairs, Birkenhead, for further refit. ==Construction and design== In November 1971, two Fleet Replenishment ships of a new class were ordered for the Royal Fleet Auxiliary. Fort Grange was laid down by the shipbuilder Scott Lithgow at their shipyard at Greenock on the River Clyde on 9 November 1973, was launched on 9 December 1976 and commissioned on 6 April 1978. The ship is long overall, and length between perpendiculars, with a beam of and a draught of . Displacement is full load, with a gross register tonnage of 16079 t, a net register tonnage of 6729 t and a deadweight tonnage of 8300 t. The ship is powered by a single 8-cylinder Sulzer RND80 diesel engine, rated at , which drive a single propeller shaft, giving a speed of . She has a range of at . Up to 3500 tons of weapons, food and other naval stores can be carried in four holds with a volume of . Three stations for alongside replenishment are provided on each beam of the ship. A large hangar and flight deck are located aft, which were designed to accommodate up to four Westland Sea King helicopters for vertical replenishment or for anti-submarine duties, although typically the ship only carries a single helicopter in peacetime. The ship has a crew of 140 RFA personnel who man the ship, 36 Royal Navy personnel who operated and support the ship's helicopters and 45 civilian supply staff. ==Service== The ship saw her first war service during the Falklands War. She was undergoing refit when Argentina invaded the Falklands in April 1982, but the refit was completed early, and Fort Grange left Devonport on 14 May 1982 to join the task force, carrying three Sea Kings of 824 Naval Air Squadron. She joined up with the fleet on 3 June, replenishing the ships of the fleet and forces on shore, as well as acting as a refuelling station for helicopters. She remained on station after the end of hostilities, and one of her helicopters was lost following an engine failure on 11 June, but all the crew were saved. Fort Grange set off for home on 17 September and reached Devonport on 3 October 1982. In April 1994, Fort Grange was deployed alongside at the port of Split in Croatia, relieving in supporting British forces carrying out peacekeeping duties in the Balkans for seven months. She resumed the support depot role at Split in April 1997, remaining on station until 6 January 2000, when she set out to return to the United Kingdom. Fort Rosalie also oversaw repairs to at Gibraltar later in 2000. She is affiliated to Tamworth and Lichfield Sea Cadets under her former name, Fort Grange. Fort Rosalie attended the HMNB Devonport Navy Days in August 2006, representing the Royal Fleet Auxiliary. In May 2008 the ship entered a £28 million refit at Northwestern Shiprepairers & Shipbuilders' Cammell Laird yard in Birkenhead. Fort Rosalie supported COUGAR 11, the first partial deployment of the Royal Navy's Response Force Task Group. In 2011 it was announced that her service life would be extended by two years to 2024; the Fort class will ultimately be replaced by the Fleet Solid Support element of the Military Afloat Reach and Sustainability programme. She spent early 2012 in the Caribbean and made a brief deployment to the Gulf of Oman in December 2012; since then she has been exercising in home waters and entered refit in 2013. == References == ==External links== Official Website Timeline at Fort Rosalie-class replenishment ships Cold War auxiliary ships of the United Kingdom Active auxiliary ships of the United Kingdom 1976 ships Gulf War ships of the United Kingdom Ships of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary

RFA Fort Rosalie (A385)

== January 2008 == Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. KJS77Talk If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make any unconstructive edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant warnings.

71.113.129.218

== April 2009 == ===Your edits to February 22=== Dear 205.133.153.30, Some of your on the page February 22 have been undone by PseudoBot, a robot built to keep the date pages tidy. The problems are: The person you added doesn't seem to have a Wikipedia page. If the page exists, check that you've spelled and capitalized the name the same way as the article, and try again. If it doesn't yet exist, read this page carefully before creating it. In particular, you shouldn't create a page about yourself or anyone you know personally. If this bot has got it wrong (as can unfortunately happen), please accept its author's apologies, and (if you would like) leave a message on this talk page with the details, so it can be improved. Please see this page for help. PseudoBot (talk)

205.133.153.30